【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版必修四教师用书Unit 10 Money

【美文阅读】　
在作者眼里，零用钱是教会孩子们学会预算，节省开支和作出决定的重要工具，而不是简单地教孩子如何省钱。在你的眼里，零用钱是什么概念呢？
An allowance(零用钱) is an important tool for teaching kids how to budget, save and make their own decisions.Children remember and learn from mistakes when their own dollars are lost or spent foolishly.
How large an allowance is appropriate? Experts say there is not right amount.Actual amounts differ from area to area, and from family to family.
To set an appropriate allowance for your child，work up a weekly budget.Allow for entertainment expenditures(花费)such as movies and snack.Next, include everyday expenses such as lunch money, bus fare, school supplies.“If you make the child responsible for these bills，” says Josephine Swanson，a consumer specialist, “he or she will learn to budget for necessary expenditures.”
Finally，add some extra money to make saving possible.If you can, keep your child's allowance in line with that of his friends.A child whose purchasing power falls away below his peers' can feel left out.
It can be tough，but avoid excusing your children when they make a mistake with their allowance.When
Brooke Stephens was ten and growing up in Jacksonville，her mother gave her $5 a week, $1.75 of which was for bus fare and lunch.“If you lose money，” Brooke's mother told her，“you walk home.”
One week the girl spent all her allowance in a candy store, and then she called home for a ride.“Mom made me walk home，” recalls Stephens，now a financial planner in Brooklyn.“At first I was angry.But I finally realized that she was trying to teach me an important lesson.”
Experts advise an allowance should not be tied directly to a child's daily chores(琐事)．Kids should help around the house not because they get paid for it but because they share responsibilities as members of family.You might，however，pay a child for doing extra jobs at home.That can develop his or her initiative(主动性)．
【诱思导学】　
1．According to the passage，if your parents give you some allowance，how will you deal with it?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why does the author mention Brooke Stephens?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.If so，I will work out a budget and deal with it carefully.
2．To explain that parents should not excuse their children when they make a mistake about their allowance.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给内容的学习，了解下一课时即将出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，将对下一节课内容的全面理解起到铺垫作用。
●教学地位
此部分内容是对下一课时的感悟和预习，合理利用本学案，能大大提升下一课时的课堂效率，有效提升学生学习英语的热情，促进课堂的积极活跃程度，并能在课上与老师形成较为默契的配合。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
让学生讨论零花钱对各自生活和学习的影响，直接导入新课。在设计这堂课时，要从激发学生的兴趣出发，介绍有关的背景知识，给学生布置具有一定挑战性的任务，让学生以“我的压岁钱”为话题进行讨论或口笔头描述。
●教学流程设计
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老师布置作业，让学生阅读Who wants to be a Millionaire？并完成课文第8页第2、3题；预习学案Period Ⅱ?见学案第3页?。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P8的Reading部分，在表格中填入恰当的单词或短语
The 1.________ of Charles Gray
Life in the past
A college 2.________ with a huge six-bedroom house and a 3.________ of D|S2 million.
The reason for not being a rich man
4.________ of being a person with everything in a world 5.________ many people had nothing.
The way to deal with his money
He gave 6.________ all his money to 7.________，and small bank notes in the streets of local poor areas.
Life now
He lives in a small 8._________ with only second-hand 9.________.A small garden is outside with a few fruit trees.He grows some vegetables and gets his daily goods from charity shops.
His feelings now
He is much 10.________ now.
【答案】　1.story/life　2.professor　3.fortune　4.Tired
5．where　6.away　7.charities　8.dormitory　9.furniture　10.happier
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P8的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Charles Gray is an example to show________.
A．that people can be happy without money
B．that a rich man can find happiness by giving his wealth away to charities
C．some millionaires will continue to be concerned about money after they become millionaires
2．What was the sign for Charles to be a millionaire sixteen years ago?
A．He was a college professor.
B．He had a huge six-bedroom house and 2 million dollars.
C．He worked hard to get money.
3．Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A．Charles doesn't have any new furniture in his dormitory room.
B．Charles is making a living by growing vegetables and flowers now.
C．Charles can only afford cheap things now.
4．How did Charles Gray deal with his huge amounts of money?
A．He gave it away to charities.
B．He gave it away to local poor people.
C．He gave it away to hungry people in the world.
5．How does Charles think about his present life?
A．Tired and worried.
B．Funny but enjoyable.
C．Free and happy.
【答案】　1－5　B B A A C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语，完成下列短文
enjoyable；be a millionaire；have nothing；dormitory room；being rich；happy；charities；tired of；determine；concern about
A lot of people are 1.________ to become a millionaire.They hope to do all the 2.________ things once they got rich.Actually, some millionaires continue to be 3.________ money, so they are hardworking to make sure they never lose it.However, there are some people who don't want to 4.________.Charles Gray is one example.Charles Gray was a millionaire sixteen years ago, but he was 5.________ being a person who had everything in a world where many people 6.________.So he gave all his money away to 7.________.Charles now lives in a small 8.________ where there is only second-hand furniture.Though he has given away all his money, he lives a 9.________ life than before.When asked whether there were any things he missed, he replied he wouldn't go back to 10.________ for anything.
【答案】　1.determined　2.enjoyable　3.concerned about
4．be a millionaire　5.tired of　6.had nothing　7.charities　8.dormitory room　9.happier　10.being rich
　
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．earn　　 A．to pay out money in order to get sth.
2．spend B．to succeed in doing sth.or causing sth.to happen
3．achieve C．to get money for doing work; get (sth.) because of one's qualities or actions
4．sign D．noticing that sth.is present, or that sth.is happening
5．aware E．feeling pleasurable satisfaction over something
6．pleased F．a movement of the body intended to express a particular meaning or command
【答案】　1－6　 CABFDE
Ⅱ.短语填空
out of work； be determined to； dream up； be concerned about； turn one' back on； drop out； give away； go back
1．We need to ________a marketing plan for our product.
2．She________ of school to become a waitress.
3．Being ________， he hasn't got much money.
4．The young men ________ fight it out.
5．Don't ________ to the public when we will start.
6．Many people ________ the pollution of the environment.
【答案】　1.dream up　2.dropped out　3.out of work　4.are determined to　5.give away　6.are concerned about
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve their goals?
但是当他们达到目标后，所有的百万富翁都找到了他们以为他们要得到的幸福了吗？
2．Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes_you_free.
查尔斯·格雷决定退出(富人圈)，他发现拥有少量钱财可以使人自由。
3．Today he lives in a small dormitory room where_there_is only second-hand furniture.
现在他住在一个只有二手家具的宿舍里。
Period ⅡWarm-up & A Material World
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过对学案中重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．通过对语法不定代词的教学让学生能够理解和运用这些知识。
●教学地位
词汇是构成句子的最小单位，在英语学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和记忆英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。本课时的语法是不定代词的一般用法，是对初中已学语法的延伸和扩展，学生有一定的基础，学习起来应该比较轻松。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以尝试用学生日常生活的话题互动式引入本课：
T: I think every one of you needs to spend some money in your daily life.Money is part of our life, do you think so?
S：
T: We know there is a lot of paper money in the world.Are you familiar with foreign paper money? Tell the class.Use some key words to help you.(Show some slides about paper money)
S：
T: Which do you prefer，hard cash or paper money?
S:
●教学流程设计
→导入新课。→让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第3页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
←老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，补充一些必要的练习。←
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布置作业。让学生完成课本第54－55页第3、5、6题，“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ?见学案第10页?。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　←自我评估?见学案第10页?。
1．earn vt.挣得；赚得；得到(名声，地位)；博得(名声，赞誉)
His company makes a lot of money，so he earns a good salary.(教材P7)
他的公司赚了许多钱，因此他赚得一份好薪水。
She must earn a fortune.她准是挣了一大笔钱。
Rescuing a drowning man earned him the respect of all.他因救溺水者而博得众人的尊敬。
earn one'/a living＝make one's/a living谋生
earn money挣钱
earn fame赢得名望
earn confidence赢得依赖
He had to take a part-time job to earn his living.
为了谋生，他不得不从事兼职工作。
earn/win/get/gain
earn
指经过艰苦努力得到报偿，或因成就、行为等得到(应得的事物)，意为“赚得”。
win
是指因在战斗、比赛、竞争中获胜而得到，或指因努力或坚持而得到。
get
是普通用词，指不一定需要努力就能“得到”。
gain
指作出很大努力而“获得”，所得东西常有一定价值。如：gain happiness/experience/a prize/several victories等。此外，gain还可以用来指表走得快(反义词是lose)。
We are sure/certain to win the game.
我们一定会赢得比赛。
The clock gains five minutes a day.
这个钟表每天快五分钟。
【对接高考】　
(2011·辽宁高考)You are old enough to________your own living.
A．win　　　　　　　　 B．gain
C．take D．earn
【解析】　句意：你长大了，可以自谋生路了。earn one's living谋生，固定搭配。
【答案】　D
　
用earn，win，get，gain的适当形式填空
①He________ his bread by writing novels.
②Where did you________ that shirt?
③In order to________ the important match，he practised harder.
④He________ a favourable position last year.
【答案】　①earned　②get　③win　④gained
2．out of work失业
I've been out of work for five years now.(教材P114)我现在已经失业五年了。
He must square up to the reality of being out of work.
他必须正视失业这一现实。
out of sight看不见
out of reach 够不到
out of place不在适当的位置
out of order坏了；秩序混乱
out of date过时的
out of breath上气不接下气
out of touch失去联系
Out of sight，out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。
We've been out of touch with Roger for years now.
我们至今已有数年未与罗杰来往了。
　
用上述短语完成句子
①His arty clothes look ________ in the office.
②A lot of words go ________ very quickly.
③We'll telephone Helen, but she's ________.
④She was ________ from climbing the stairs.
【答案】　①out of place　②out of date　③out of reach
④out of breath
3．be determined to do...(表示状态)决心做……
A lot of people are determined to become a millionaire.(教材P8)很多人一心想成为百万富翁。
I'm determined to succeed.我决心要获得成功。
①determine vt.决定，决心
determine to do...(表示动作)决定做……
determine on(doing)sth.决定(做)某事
determine that...决定/决心……
②determination n．决心，决定
③determined adj.坚决的
He determined to get there first.他决定先去那里。
We determined on an early start.我们决定早点出发。
He determined that he would go at once.
他决定马上去。
　
用determine的适当形式填空
①She________(确定)the title of his novel.
②His ________(决心) to marry her is now much stronger than ever.
③He was ________to win the game.
④She is a ________woman.
【答案】　①determined　②determination　③determined　④determined
4．They spend half their time dreaming up ways of getting rich，and the rest of their time thinking about all the enjoyable things they would do once they got rich.(教材P8)
他们花一半时间梦求致富的办法，另一半则在琢磨一旦阔绰起来要做些什么。
(1)spend花费
We spent one hour cleaning the classroom.
我们花费了一个小时打扫教室。
spend/take/cost/pay
单词
主语
宾语
常用句型
spend
人
时间/
金钱
Sb.spends some time(in)doing sth.
Sb.spends some time/money on sth.
take
物/it
时间
It takes(sb.)some time to do sth.
Sth.takes(sb.)some time to do
cost
物
金钱/
时间
Sth.costs sb.some money/time
Sth.costs some money
pay
人
金钱
Sb.pays sb.some money for sth.
Sb.pays some money for sth.
The book cost him 10 yuan.＝He spent 10 yuan on the book.＝He paid 10 yuan for the book.
他花了十元买这本书。
Reading the book cost him 2 hours.＝He spent 2 hours(in)reading the book.＝It took him 2 hours to read the book.他花了两个小时读这本书。
用spend，take，cost，pay填空
①They________two years building this bridge which was made of stone.
②It________ her two hours to walk to the station yesterday.
③I________two hours on this maths problem yesterday evening.
④How much does your pen________？
⑤I have to________20 pounds for this room each month.
【答案】　①spent　②took　③spent　④cost　⑤pay
(2)dream up虚构出，凭空想出(尤指荒诞不经的事)
They can always dream up some new excuses for the train arriving late.他们总是能够为火车晚点编造出一些新的借口。
dream of/about梦到；梦想
have/dream a(n)．..dream做……梦
dream away虚度(光阴)
in your dreams你妄想，你做梦
The child dreamt a sweet dream.
那个孩子做了个美梦。
完成句子
⑥不要虚度光阴。
Do not________________your life.
⑦离开家后，我常梦见我的父母。
I often________________ my parents after I left home.
⑧在业余时间，他经常编新故事。
In his spare time，he always_________________________________________new stories.
【答案】　⑥dream away　⑦dreamed of/about
⑧dreams up
5．But do all millionaires find the happiness that they thought they would get when they achieve_their goals？(教材P8)
但是当他们达到目标后，所有的百万富翁都找到了他们以为他们要得到的幸福了吗？
(1)句中they thought是定语从句中的插入语。
常见作插入语的句子有：do you think，I believe，do you know，what's more，let's say，that is to say等。它们多位于句末，用以表示客气的语气，或征询别人的看法，也可以表示补充说明。表示疑问的插入语可位于句中或句末。
He is an honest man，I believe.
我认为他是个诚实的人。
How soon will he be ready，do you expect?
你预计他多久能准备好？
插入语如：do you think/believe/suppose/imagine/expect/guess等出现在疑问句中，前后不用逗号隔开。由于插入语已是疑问句语序，所以其后的部分要用陈述句语序，疑问词放在句首。
Where do you think he comes from?
你认为他是哪里人？
Who do you suppose be sent to work there?
你认为谁将被派到那里工作？
　
完成句子
①他们是两星期前，也就是7月27日走的。
They left two weeks ago，________________，on July 27.
②你错了！而且你明明知道你错了！
You are wrong，and ________________you know it!
③对你未来的家庭生活作何设想？
What ________ your future family will be?
【答案】　①that is to say　②what's more　③do you imagine
(2)achieve vt.完成，达到；得到
No one can achieve anything without effort in the world.世界上没有人能够不努力而有所成就。
The university has achieved all its goals this year.
这所大学今年已经实现了其所有的奋斗目标。
①achieve success/fame取得成功；成名
achieve one's dream/aim/purpose/ambition实现梦想/达到目的/实现抱负
②achievement n．成就，完成
His laziness makes it impossible for him to achieve success.他的懒惰使他不可能成功。
The achievement of one's aim comes only out of hard work.
一个人的目标的实现只能来自艰苦的努力。
完成句子
④他达到目的主要是靠运气而不是靠判断力。
He ________________more by luck than judgment.
⑤他是通过一天工作16个小时的方式取得成功的。
He ________________ by working 16 hours a day.
【答案】　④achieved his aim　⑤achieved success
6．be concerned about对……关心
Some millionaires continue to be concerned about money when they become millionaires.(教材P8)
有些人成为百万富翁后还继续为钱烦恼。
We are all concerned about her safety.
我们都很关心她的安危。
①concerned adj.关心的，担心的
so/as far as...be concerned
关于……；至于……；就……而言
be concerned in/with sth.和某事有牵连
②concern vt.与……有关；涉及；影响，使(某人)担忧
③concern n．担心，忧虑，关心
have a concern in...和……有利害关系
That doesn't concern us.那与我们无关。
What concerns me is our lack of preparation for the changes.让我担心的是我们对这些变化缺乏准备。
完成句子
①这些变化关系到家里有学龄儿童的每一个人。
These changes________who has children of
school age.
②她似乎很关心那个受伤的孩子。
She seemed______________the injured boy.
③就我来说，我比较喜欢粉红色。
____________，I prefer pink.
【答案】　①concern everyone　②to be concerned about
③As far as I am concerned
7．turn one's back on/upon不理睬，不帮忙；脱离，背弃
But there are people who have turned their backs on their millions and found different ways to be happy in their lives.(教材P8)
但是也有人把自己的百万资产置于一边，寻求不同的人生幸福。
She didn't answer，and turned her back on him.
她没答应，对他不理不睬。
He turned his back on his own family when they needed help.当家人需要帮忙时，他不肯伸出援手。
turn down关小，调低(声音)；拒绝
turn in交出，上交
turn off关掉，关闭
turn on打开，开启
turn to向……求助；转向
turn up调大；出现，露面
【教师备课资源】　
turn against背叛
turn out结果是，生产，制造
turn over翻身，翻阅
turn around翻身，翻转，扭转
用适当的介词或副词填空
①Please ask Mary to turn ________ the radio when we are sleeping.
②In times of crisis it's good to have a friend to turn ________.
③Turn ________ the switch when anything goes wrong with the machine.
④You must turn ________ your pass when you leave the building.
【答案】　①down　②to　③off　④in
8．Today he lives in a small dormitory room where there is only second-hand furniture.(教材P8)
现在他住在一个只有二手家具的宿舍里。
where引导定语从句，修饰先行词room，where在定语从句中作状语，表地点。
I'll never forget the place where I once worked.
我将永远不会忘记我一度工作过的地方。
This is the room where he lived for 20 years.
这就是他住过20年的房间。
where引导定语从句时的用法：
①作定语从句中的地点状语，相当于“介词in/on等＋which”
②先行词为地点名词house，place，situation，position，case，point，surroundings，environment等
This is the house where/in which I lived two years ago.
这就是我两年前住的那个房子。
We have reached a point where a change is needed.
我们到了必须改一改的地步。
【提示】　高考试题中对于where的考查趋于复杂，先行词由“具体的地点”转为“抽象的地点”。如situation，case，occasion，point等。
用适当的关系词填空
The place________Lu Xun once worked has become a museum.
【答案】　where/in which
9．sign n．[C]标志，招牌，符号，迹象，手势，姿势；vt.签名，署名
There are certainly no signs that Charles was a rich man！(教材P8)
没有任何迹象表明查尔斯曾是个富人。
Very often clouds are a sign of rain.
乌云常常是下雨的预兆。
The papers are ready to be signed.
这些文件正等着签字。
sign/signal/mark/symbol
sign
普通用词，指人们公认事物的记号，也可指某种情况的征兆。可译为“记号或迹象”；也可作动词，意为“签名，做手势”。
symbol
指象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物。可译为“象征”。
signal
指为某一目的而有意发出的信号。可译为“信号”。
mark
普通用词，含义广泛。既可指方便于辨认而有意做的标记，又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的特征。可译为“记号”。
The Cross is the symbol of Christianity.
十字架是基督教的象征。
A red light is usually a signal of danger.
红灯通常是危险的信号。
　
用sign，symbol，signal，mark填空
①In the picture the tree is the________ of life and the snake is the symbol of evil.
②The sportsmen are all ready，waiting for the________ to start running.
③Don't you see the________：“Keep off the grass”．
④The wet glass left a________ on the surface of the table.
【答案】　①symbol　②signal　③sign　④mark
10．pleased adj.高兴的；满意的
He was pleased to give up the lifestyle of a rich man.(教材P8)
他对放弃富人的生活方式感到高兴。
I'm pleased to hear that you're feeling better.
我很高兴听到你感觉好些了。
①be pleased to do...高兴去做……
be pleased 
②pleasure n. 高兴；高兴的事
③pleasant adj.令人愉快的
I'm very pleased to meet you.
很高兴见到你。
I'm very pleased with what he has done.
我对他所做的感到满意。
pleased/pleasing/pleasant
pleasant
adj. 描述人或事物的性质，意为“令人愉快的，令人高兴的”。
pleasing
adj.令人高兴的，常用作表语，其主语通常为物。
pleased
adj.描述人的感情，意为“对……感到满意(或高兴)”。
We are pleased with the pleasant weather, and walking in the countryside gives us a lot of pleasure.
我们对这个令人愉快的天气感到满意，而且在乡下散步带给我们很多的乐趣。
用pleased，pleasant，pleasure填空
①We are very________(满意的)with her decision.
②He didn't show any________(愉快)when I offered to go with him.
③I hope you will have a________(愉快的)holiday.
【答案】　①pleased　②pleasure　③pleasant
11．aware adj.知道的；明白的；意识到的
I was a millionaire, but was aware there were a lot of hungry people in the world.(教材P8)我是百万富翁，但意识到世界上还有许许多多忍饥挨饿的人。
They suddenly became aware of people looking at them.他们突然意识到有人在看着他们。
I was aware that she was trembling.
我察觉到她在发抖。
be aware of ...觉察到……；意识到……
be aware that/wh-...意识到……
make sb.aware that...使某人意识到……
make sb.aware of ...使某人意识到……
What the teacher said made him aware that he made a big mistake.老师的话让他意识到他犯了一个大错。
aware/conscious
aware
用来指本人以外的事物，侧重意识到外界事物，常用作表语。
conscious
用来指本人自身的事情，侧重意识到自身的感觉或情况等，可用作表语或定语。
I do not become aware of the danger until he warns me.
直到他给我警告我才觉察到危险。
He was badly hurt，but he still remained conscious.
他伤得很重，但仍未失去知觉。
用aware，conscious填空
①He was________ of being watched.
②They are not even________ that this is not a good habit.
【答案】　①conscious　②aware
12．Charles Gray decided to drop out and has discovered that having only a little money makes you free.(教材P8)查尔斯·格雷决定退出(富人圈)，他发现拥有少量钱可以让人自由。
(1)drop out退出，不再参加，掉队，放弃，离去
He has dropped out of active politics.
他已不再积极参政了。
He dropped out of high school at the age of 16.
他16岁时就从中学退学了。
drop back/behind落后
drop behind sb.落后于某人
drop by/in顺便来访
drop in
drop into顺便进入
drop off小睡；打盹儿
We cannot afford to drop behind our competitors.
我们可担当不起落后于竞争对手的后果。
I thought I'd drop in on you while I was passing.
我曾想路过时顺便来看看你。
　
用drop的适当短语填空
①I just________ to see how you were getting on.
②Bill________ of college after his first year.
③Jane________ the office this morning to tell me her news.
④I must have________ to sleep.
【答案】　①dropped in　②dropped out　③dropped into/dropped in at　④dropped off
(2)make＋宾＋宾补　使……处于某种状态
Helping others makes you happy.
帮助他人可以使人幸福。
make 作使役动词时，常用结构：
make＋宾语＋
What makes you think so？什么使你这样想？
I had to speak loudly to make myself heard.
为了让人听见我不得不大声讲话。
【提示】　make用作使役动词，其后接不定式作宾语补足语，不定式省略to；变被动语态时，要还原不定式符号to。
完成句子
⑤为了使家人健康，她制定了一套平衡的饮食方案。
She made a balanced diet to make____________.
⑥小男孩被迫去做家务。
The boy was made________________.
⑦大雨使得我们无法出去。
The heavy rain made it ___________________________________________________.
【答案】　⑤the family healthy　⑥to do housework　⑦impossible for us to go out
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会不定代词的用法。
①Do all millionaires find the happiness when they achieve their goals?
②Some millionaires continue to be concerned about money.
③He gets his clothes and a lot of other things from charity shops.
④Charles believes that many people want to earn a lot of money so that they will not have any worries.
[自我总结]　
以上四句中均含有不定代词，①句含________；②句含________；③句含________和________；④句含________，________和________，其中some, a lot of既可以修饰____________，也可以修饰________；many只修饰________。
【答案】　all；some；a lot of；other；many；a lot of；any；复数可数名词；不可数名词；可数名词
不定代词
一、概念
不具体指明代替任何特殊名词的代词叫不定代词。不定代词一般代替名词或当形容词使用，在句子中作主语、宾语、表语或定语。
二、不定代词一览表
可数/不可数
不定代词
代替可数名词
one, each，many，both，another，
either, neither，(a)few
代替不可数名词
much，(a)little
代替可数/不可数
none，any，other，all，some
复合不定代词
anyone，anybody，anything，someone，somebody，something，everyone，everybody，everything，nobody，nothing
三、几组常用不定代词的区别
1．many，much，few，a few，little，a little
　意义
区别　
许多
有点/些
(表示肯定)
几乎没有
(表示否定)
可数
many
a few
few
不可数
much
a little
little
A lot of people got hurt in the accident，including many students.
这次事故中有许多人受伤，其中包括许多学生。
There isn't much rain in Xuzhou in winter.
徐州的冬天没有很多雨水。
Few of my friends were there.
我的朋友中几乎没有在那里的。
There is a little time left.Take it easy.
还有点时间，别慌。
2．another，other，the other，others，the others
不定代词
词义
用法
another
另一个，又一个
用于三者或三者以上中的另一个，后接可数名词单数
other
其他的，另外的
后接复数名词或不可数名词
the other
两者中的另一个
常与one连用，构成one...the other...
others
泛指别的人或物
是other的复数形式，不能作定语，常构成some...others...
the others
特指其余的人或物
是the other的复数形式，常构成some...the others...
The boy had one bowl of rice，but still felt hungry，so he asked for another.
男孩吃了一碗饭，但仍感到饿，于是又要了一碗。
The manager bought two laptops.One is for himself；the other is for his wife.
经理买了两部手提电脑，一部给自己，一部给妻子。
Some apples are rotten and others aren't.
有些苹果烂了，其他的还好。
3．all，none，both，neither，either，each，every
不定代词
词义
用法
all
全部(三者或三者以上)
指代或修饰可数名词或不可数名词均可；可以带of短语
none
一个/点都没有(三者或三者以上)
指人指物均可；可接of短语；否定词
both
两个都
指代或修饰可数名词或不可数名词均可；可以带of短语
neither
两者都不
指人指物均可；可接of短语；否定词
either
任意一个(两者之间)
指人指物均可；可接of短语
each
每一个(两者或两者以上)
指代或修饰可数名词；可以接of短语
every
每一个(三者或三者以上)
修饰可数名词；不可单独使用，不可接of短语
All of the boys are clever，but none of them can work out this problem.
所有男孩都很聪明，但没人能解出这道题。
Both her children go to the same school.
她的两个孩子在同一所学校读书。
Neither book is satisfactory.
两本书都不令人满意。
Neither of us spoke during the journey.
在旅途中我们两个人都没有开口。
There are trees on each side of the street.
街道两旁都有树。
【提示】　(1)both的全部否定应用neither。not与both连用只表示部分否定。
Not both of the books are interesting./Both of the books are not interesting.
这两本书并不是都有趣。
(2)all的全部否定应用none。not与all连用只表示部分否定。
Not all the people agree with me./All the people don't agree with me.
并非所有的人都同意我的观点。
(3)none可对how many和how much的提问做出简略回答。
—How many students are there in the classroom?
教室里有多少学生。
—None.一个也没有。
—How much money do you take with you?
你带了多少钱？
—None.一点也没带。
4．some，any，no
不定代词
词义
用法
some
1.一些
修饰或代替可数或不可数名词；一般多用于肯定句
2.某一个
修饰或代替可数名词单数
3.大约
置于数词前
any
1.一些
修饰或代替可数或不可数名词；一般用于否定句、疑问句和条件句中
2.任何一个
修饰或代替可数名词单数，可用于肯定句
no
1.相当于not a(an)
修饰可数名词单数
2.相当于not any
修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词
Won't you try some of the bread？你不尝尝面包吗？
Is there any money in the drawer？抽屉里有钱吗？
He had a look at the glass.There was no(＝not any)water in it.他向杯中看了看，没有水了。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It's an either-or situation－we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do ______.
A．others　　　　　　　　 B．either
C．another D．both
【解析】　句意：这是一个二选一的情况——我们要么今年买一辆新车要么去度假，但是我们不能二者兼得。分析题意可知，这是在两者之间进行选择，所以排除A、C两项，either用在否定句中表示全部否定，而both用在否定句中表示部分否定，所以选D。
【答案】　D
2．(2013·天津高考)At our factory there are a few machines similar to ________ described in this magazine.
A．them B．these
C．those D．ones
【解析】　句意：在我们工厂，有一些机器和在这本杂志上描述的那些机器相似。those特指前面出现的复数可数名词machines。ones泛指前面提到的复数名词，若选ones，则应在ones前加the。
【答案】　C
3．(2012·浙江高考)Studying Wendy's menu，I found that many of the items are similar to________of McDonald's.
A．those B．ones
C．any D．all
【解析】　句意：研究了Wendy的餐单，我发现其中许多东西和麦当劳的相似。空格处需要的名词为the items，此处用those替代。若用ones，前面需加定冠词the ；any和all不能用来作此类比较结构中的替代词，故答案为A。
【答案】　A
4．(2012·江西高考)My brother would like to buy a good watch but________was available from that shop.
A．nothing B．none
C．no one D．neither
【解析】　句意：我弟弟想买块好表，但是那家商店没有。none表示“在一定范围内(三者或三者以上)一个也没有”，既可指人也可指物，即．..but none(of good watches)was available from that shop。nothing指物，表示“一个也没有”时，无范围限制，不与of连用；no one表示“没有一个人”；neither表示“两者都不”。A、C、D三项均不符合本题要求，故排除。
【答案】　B
5．(2012·重庆高考)—John，when shall we meet again，Thursday or Friday?
—________.I'll be off to London then.
A．Either B．Neither
C．Both D．None
【解析】　句意：“约翰，我们什么时候再见一次面，周四还是周五？”“都不行，我那个时候要去伦敦。”根据答语中的I'll be off to London then。可知需选表否定意义的代词，排除A、C项，根据问句中的Thursday or Friday可排除D项(三个或三个以上都不)，故选B项(两者都不)。
【答案】　B
6．(2012·上海高考)When he took his gloves off，I noticed that________one had his name written inside.
A．each B．every
C．other D．another
【解析】　句意：当他摘下手套时，我注意到每只手套的里面都写着他的名字。由语境中提到手套可知空格处表示两者中的一个，故排除表示三者或三者以上中的各个的B项；another泛指另一个，不符合语境；other表示两者中的另一个时通常在前面加the或其他限定词，故C项也不符合语境。each可用于两者或两者以上中的各个，可单独使用，也可作限定词，强调的是个体的概念，故为答案。
【答案】　A
7．(2011·湖南高考)I knew that________would ever discourage him；he would never give up wanting to be a director.
A．something B．anything
C．everything D．nothing
【解析】　句意：我知道没有什么能够阻碍他，他将永远不会放弃成为一名导演的想法。根据句意可知something(某事)，anything(任何事)，everything(每件事)，均不合题意，故排除。
【答案】　D
8．(2011·辽宁高考)—Would you like tea or coffee?
—________，thank you.I've just had some water.
A．Either B．Both
C．Any D．Neither
【解析】　句意：“你想喝茶还是咖啡？”“都不要了，谢谢。我刚刚喝了一些水。”A：两者中的任何一个，B：两者都；C：三者或三者以上中的任何一个；D：两者都不。
【答案】　D
Ⅱ.选词填空
A．用another，the other，others或the others填空
1．There are two lions in the zoo.One is old and ________ is young.
2．We have many problems to discuss.One is how many guests we should invite, ________ is whose house we should use and the third is...
3．There are three types of tigers living in China.Some ________ live in America.
4．They saw ten suits in the window of the shop.Three of them were cheap.________ were expensive.
B．用either，neither，no或none填空
5．—Are you going to wear this tie or that one?
—________ will do.
6．________ City Lights nor Modern Times was a coloured film.
7．—How many films acted by Charlie Chaplin have you seen?
—________.
8．There is ________China Daily in their reading room.
【答案】　1.the other　2.another　3.others　4.The others　5.Either　6.Neither　7.None　8.no
Period ⅢThe Right Price & Your Money
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇和句式的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇和句式。
3．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解和运用动词不定式。
4．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位
动词不定式的语法内容是学生感到相对容易掌握的，语法规则清晰，易混易错的地方不是很多。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是学生学好英语的关键，不应该简单地让学生死记硬背语法条文。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Answer these questions to prepare yourself.
1．What would you like to buy if you get enough pocket money? (a CD player; a car radio; a laptop; a leather jacket; a mobile phone; a headphone) Why?
2．Have you ever given away your pocket money to charity? If you have done so, how were you feeling at that moment?
●教学流程设计
→导入新课。→让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第10页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
←←
　　　　　↓
→→
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
自我评估?见学案第17页?。→布置作业。让学生完成课本第56页第3题，第59页第4、6题， “课时作业”和预习Period Ⅳ?见学案第17页?。
1．bargain vi.讨价还价
Most people in Britain don't bargain for things, you know, argue about the price of something.(教材P114)大多数英国人不会就物品讨价还价，也就是对物品的价格进行争论。
I bargain with him for some rare stamps.
我与他讲价，想买些稀有邮票。
①bargain with sb.about/over/for sth.
就……和某人讨价还价
bargain away做亏本交易；贱卖；轻易放弃
bargain for/on sth.(常用于否定句)预料到；料想到
②bargain n．协议，交易；减价品，便宜货
make a bargain约定
In the market several women were bargaining with the dealer over the price of the coffee.
几个妇女在市场上正与商人就咖啡的价钱讨价还价。
That second-hand table was a real bargain.
那张二手的桌子非常便宜。
He and his partner had made a bargain to tell each other everything.
他和他的合伙人约定，要互通信息，毫无保留。
【提示】　“I've got a bargain.”意思是“我买到了便宜货。”“It's a bargain.”意思是“这可是便宜货。”在这两种说法中，无需用good修饰bargain。a bad bargain意思是“吃亏的交易，对方占便宜的协议”；a good bargain“自己占便宜的交易”。
　
用合适的介词或副词填空
①The leaders bargained ________ the freedom of their people.
②He made a satisfactory bargain ________ them.
③Tom didn't bargain ________ his wife returning so soon.
④Dealers bargain with growers ________ the price of tea.
【答案】　①away　②with　③on　④over/about/for
2．product n．产品；出品
She only says bad things about the product.(教材P10)
她仅仅说这个产品不好的方面。
We have done a market survey on this product.
我们已经对这种产品做了市场调查。
The country's main products are gold and cocoa.
这个国家的主要产品是黄金和可可。
product/production/produce
product
指“工业产品”。
production
指“产量；制造，生产”时为不可数名词；指“推出的作品(尤指戏剧、影片)”时为可数名词。
produce
是不可数名词，尤指“农产品”。
Production has stopped still since the war began.
从战争爆发以来，生产就停止不前。
Our chefs use only the freshest produce available.
我们的厨师只用现有最新鲜的农产品。
　
用product，production，produce的适当形式填空
①On the show，there were several national________.
②They organised a campaign to increase sales of the firm's________.
③Yesterday my sister came to my house and brought some native________.
【答案】　①productions　②products　③produce
3．something that is of very good value(P10)
非常有价值的东西
句中is of very good value是“be of＋n.”形式。
be of＋n.＝be＋adj.，表示主语的类属或属性。
①这一结构中的抽象名词前可以用great，no，little，some，any，not much等词修饰，以表示不同的程度。
②“be of＋表示年龄、颜色、重量、身高等的名词”，表示主语的特性，of可有可无。
What he said at the meeting was of great value(＝was very valuable)．
他在会上的讲话非常有价值。
The two pairs of shoes he bought yesterday are (of) the same colour.他昨天买的两双鞋颜色一样。
When I was (of) your age，I had already started to work for a living.
我在你这个年龄时，早已经开始谋生了。
【教师备课资源】　
常见的抽象名词及其对应的形容词有：
n.
importance重要
value价值
use用途
interest兴趣
help帮助
adj.
important重要的
valuable有价值的
useful/ useless有用的/无用的
interesting有趣的
helpful/ helpless有帮助的/无助的
同义句转换
①They are(of)the same height.
＝________________________________________________________________________
②This question is of importance.
＝________________________________________________________________________
③The medicine is of no use to him.
＝________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①They are as tall as each other.　②This question is important.　③The medicine is useless to him.
4．ashamed adj.羞耻的；惭愧的
She is not ashamed to say she has not got much money.(教材P10)她并不羞于说她钱不多。

feel ashamed for sb.替某人感到羞愧的
He felt ashamed of having done so little.
他为自己干得太少而感到羞愧。
I was ashamed to tell him that I had failed.
我惭愧地将我的失败告诉了他。
She was ashamed that she was shabby.
她衣衫褴褛，很惭愧。
ashamed/shameful
ashamed
指事物使人感到羞耻、惭愧、尴尬等，意为：羞愧的，尴尬的。主语一般是人。
shameful
指事物或行为本身可耻的、不道德的，意为：可耻的，丢脸的。主语多为事物或行为。
He is ashamed of his shameful conduct.
他为自己可耻的行为感到羞愧。
用ashamed的相关短语填空
①I ________________ myself ________ having stayed so long.
②He ________________be seen going to the dentist's.
③He ________________he had lied.
④Mary ________________having failed.
【答案】　①am ashamed of；for　②was ashamed to
③was ashamed that　④felt ashamed of
5．annoyed adj.烦恼的；心烦的
If the person says“no”，she is annoyed.(教材P10)
如果那个人说“不”，她会恼火。
I couldn't see her face, but she sounded pretty annoyed.我看不见她的脸，但听起来她很烦恼。
①annoyance n. [U] 烦恼[C]烦恼的事
②annoyed adj. 生气的；烦恼的，常用于下列结构：
be annoyed
③annoying adj. 使人颇为生气或烦恼的
The kids hadn't stopped talking，and I was beginning to get annoyed with them.
孩子们没有停止说话，我开始有点烦他们。
I was really annoyed that I hadn't been invited.
我没被邀请，这真让我心烦。
【提示】　许多人误认为annoyed只能修饰人，不能修饰物，annoying只修饰物，不修饰人，这是一种错误认识。-ed形容词强调一种感受；而-ing形容词强调人或事物的性质“令人……的”。
用annoy的适当形式填空
I was ①________at those ②________things because my mind was full of ③________and those things were always ④________me all the time.
【答案】　①annoyed　②annoying　③annoyances　④annoying
6．comment vt.评论；评价 n．评论；评语；评注
Comment on the object.(教材P11)
对物品的评价。
Don't comment on other's appearance.
不要对他人的外貌品头论足。
Do you have any comments to make on the event?
你对这件事有什么评论吗？
comment on/upon评论……
comment that...说/称/议论道……
ask for comment征求意见
make/give comments on/about sth.评论某事
Everyone commented on her new hat.
大家都在评论她的新帽子。
Jean commented that she thought it was time for us to go home.琼说她觉得我们该回家了。
It's impolite to make comments on a person's appearance.对他人的外貌做评价是不礼貌的。
comment/remark
comment
指某人对某事作简短的口头或书面的评论或说明；
remark
指某人事先没有准备，临时对某人或某事发表意见
Mrs Smith remarked that she seemed a very nice girl.
史密斯太太评价说她似乎是个很好的女孩。
【教师备课资源】　
offer comments提意见
no comment无可奉告
without comment未作解释
用comment，remark填空
①The play has been favourably ________ by the audience.
②I beg your pardon；I did not catch your ________.
③Let's learn how to make ________ on a film.
【答案】　①commented　②remark　③comments
7．do with处理；对待；与……相处
What can you do with 5 yuan？(P12)
用5元钱你能做什么？
He didn't know what to do with the property his father had left.他不知道如何处理他父亲留下的财产。
The new teacher didn't know what to do with the class.那位新老师不知应该如何对待那个班的学生。
do with/deal with
do with
一般与连接代词what连用时，表示“怎样处理，对付”。
deal with
表示“怎样对付，处理”时，与连接副词how连用。
用do with/deal with填空
我不知道怎样处理这个问题。
I don't know what to ________ the problem.
＝I don't know how to ________ the problem.
【答案】　do with；deal with
8．appeal to 向……呼吁(请求)；投合……的心意；引起……的兴趣
Well, if buying a bag of candies or cookies doesn't appeal to you, how about buying a tree instead？(教材P12)如果你对买包糖果或甜点不感兴趣的话，买棵树怎么样？
The idea of camping has never appealed to me.
对露营这种想法我从来就不感兴趣。
Her sense of humour appealed to him enormously.
她的幽默感把他强烈地吸引住了。
appeal to sb.for为……向某人呼吁(请求)
have appeal有吸引力，引人入胜
make an appeal to sb.
向某人提出呼吁；引起某人的兴趣
The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups.
设计要雅俗共赏，老幼皆宜。
The life of a policeman has no appeal for me.
警察生活对我没有吸引力。
用适当的介词填空
①Do these paintings appeal ________you?
②He appealed ________his mother________her forgiveness.
【答案】　①to　②to；for
9．The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance_of the area.(教材P12)
这些泥土含有保持该地区自然平衡的物质。
(1)contain vt.含有；包含；容纳
This drink doesn't contain any alcohol.
这种饮料不含任何酒精。
The hall will contain 300 people.
这个大厅可以容纳300人。
include/contain
include
侧重“范围”，用于表示所包含之物中的一部分；
contain
可用于表示包含所含之物的全部或部分。更具体地说，contain指一个较大事物中所容纳的部分，有封闭于一个整体的感觉。
Our textbook contains twelve units.
我们的教科书有12个单元
Six people were killed，including a child.
6人死亡，包括一个小孩。
【提示】　including为介词，用于名词/代词之前；而included为过去分词，用于名词/代词之后，常构成结构：including sb./sth.；sb./sth.included。
用contain，include填空
①Put into the box as much as it will ________.
②They have many pets，________ three cats.
③Sea water ________ salt.
【答案】　①contain　②including　③contains
(2)balance n．平衡；天平　v．保持平衡
We should keep the balance of nature.
我们应该保持自然界的平衡。
The chemical must be weighed on the balance before the experiment.
实验前化学品要在天平上称一下。
keep the balance of nature保持自然界的平衡
a pair of balance一副天平
be out of balance失去平衡
lose/keep one's balance失去/保持平衡
Their lives have been out of balance for long.
他们的生活已失衡很久了。
She stepped on a stone and lost her balance，falling down.她踩到一块石头，失去平衡跌倒了。
【教师备课资源】　
on balance总的来说
off balance不稳
maintain a balance维持平衡
balanced adj.保持平衡的；显示平衡的
(反义词)imbalance n．[C，U]不平衡，失衡
imbalance between...and...(in/of sth.)……和……之间(某方面)的不平衡
【对接高考】
(2012·天津高考)You were working too hard.You'd better keep a ________ between work and relaxation.
A．promise　　　　　　　　 B．lead
C．balance D．diary
【解析】　句意：你工作太努力了，最好保持工作和休闲的平衡。keep a balance between...and...保持……和……的平衡，考查固定搭配。
【答案】　C
完成句子
④我发现在结冰的路面上走时很难保持身体平衡。
I found it hard to __________________when walking on the icy road.
⑤生活中他很好地平衡了工作与休闲的关系。
There is __________________between work and relaxation in his life.
⑥你得权衡一下住在乡下的利与弊。
You have to __________________ of living in the countryside against the disadvantages.
【答案】　④keep my balance　⑤a good balance　⑥balance the advantages
10．If so,_it is time for you to think again.(教材P12)
若真如此，就到你重新考虑的时候了。
if so 意为“如果是这样的话”，so用于指代其前的一句话，表示肯定含义。
If so, find out what would need to change.
如果是这样，请找出需要改变的事项。
Do you love life? If so, don't waste it, because it consists of time.你热爱生命吗？如果是就别浪费生命，因为它是由时间组成的。
常见的if...省略结构有：

I might see you tomorrow.If not，it'll be Saturday.
我可能明天去看你。如果不是明天，那就是周六。
There are few people nowadays，if any，who remember him.
当今记得他的人，如有的话，也不多了。
【教师备课资源】　
when necessary当必要时
whenever possible/necessary
无论何时可能的话/必要的话
完成句子
①如有可能，你应避免饮酒。
____________，you had better avoid alcohol.
②如果必要，你可用这些参考书。
You can use these reference books，____________.
【答案】　①If possible　②if necessary
11．In fact，it is you who have the most important role to play in stopping Yellow River erosion.(P12)
事实上，你才是阻止黄河水土流失最重要的人。
本句是由it is(was)．..that(who)引起的强调句。强调句式可以强调除谓语以外的其他所有的句子成分，用来加强语气。
It was last summer that I graduated from the university.我是去年夏天从那所大学毕业的。
不同句式的强调句型
①一般疑问句的强调句型：
Is/Was it＋被强调部分＋that/who...
②特殊疑问句的强调句型：
特殊疑问词＋is/was it＋that/who...
③not...until...的强调句型：
It is/was not until...that...
Was it yesterday that you met your teacher in the street?
你是昨天在大街上碰到你的老师的吗？
When was it that they went abroad?
他们什么时候出国的？
It was not until we entered university that we began studying French.
我们进入了大学才开始学法语。
【教师备课资源】　
①that只起连接作用，不作成分，但不能省略；强调的主语如果是人，that和who都可用；
②强调主语时，that后的谓语动词要与被强调者保持人称和数的一致；
③即使被强调的主语是复数，主句中的谓语动词也用单数；
④判断是否是强调句型的方法：还原法，即把强调句型的词It is(was)．..that(who)．..去掉，被强调部分归位后，应该能够形成一个完整的句子，即为强调句。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when B．that
C．which D．what
【解析】　句意：直到他读了文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面前的任务非常难完成。本句为强调句型，强调状语only after he had read the papers。根据强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”可知选B。此外，我们也可以将It is/was与空格去掉来验证此句是不是一个强调句。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①究竟是谁昨天没来参加会议？
______________didn't come to the meeting yesterday?
②直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是一个电影明星。
________________________ I realized she was a famous film star.
【答案】　①Who was it that　②It was not until she took off her dark glasses that
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会动词不定式的用法。
①The soil contains materials to keep the natural balance of the area.
②It is a huge job to control Yellow River erosion.
③This helps to develop local economies.
④On land with rich soil，local farmers can grow crops to make a living.
⑤Visitors from all over the world now come to admire this great achievement.
[自我总结]　
以上五句都含有动词不定式，句法功能各不相同。动词不定式在第①句中作________，第②句中作________，第③句中作________，第④⑤句中作________。
【答案】　定语；主语；宾语；目的状语
动词不定式
一、基本结构
不定式主要有三种结构模式：
1．带to 或不带to：(to)do sth.
不带to的不定式(动词原形)的情况：
(1)情态动词＋动词原形；
(2)使役动词let，have(让，使得)，make(使得)的宾补；
(3)感官动词：see，watch，look at，notice，observe, hear，listen to等的宾补。
The boss made the boy work twelve hours a day.
老板让这男孩每天工作12小时。
I notice him pass by just now.我注意到他刚才经过。
2．疑问词＋不定式：how/when/what...to do (sth.)
I don't know how to answer his question.
我不知道怎样回答他的问题。
3．带逻辑主语的不定式：for/of sb.to do sth.
for/of sb.to do sth.中，如果前面使用的形容词表达sb.的品德、性质时，则使用of，否则使用for。如：
It is impolite of you to talk to your father like that.
像那样和你父亲讲话是不礼貌的。
It is natural for her to work harder after getting an A in the examination.
她考试得了优等后学习更加努力是自然的。
二、动词不定式的形式
形式
语态
意义
例句
主动
被动
一般式
to do
to be done
与谓语动作同时发生或发生在谓语动作之后。
He's said to go abroad next month.
进行式
to be doing
×
表示谓语动作发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行。
He pretended to be reading when I came in.
完成式
to have done
to have been done
表示不定式的动作发生在谓语动作之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long.
完成进行式
to have been doing
×
发生在谓语动作之前并且一直到谓语动作发生时仍在进行。
She is said to have been working on the problem for many years.
三、动词不定式的主要用法
1．不定式作主语
To see is to believe.(＝Seeing is believing.)
眼见为实。
Never to trouble others is his principle.
从不麻烦别人是他的原则。
【提示】　不定式作主语时前面往往用it充当形式主语，不定式则放在后面。
常见的带形式主语it的句型有：
(1)It is easy/difficult/hard/important/right/wrong/possible/necessary/foolish/kind...to do...
(2)It is a pleasure/pity/pleasant thing/an honour...to do...
(3)It takes sb.some time/money to do...
It took us 5 million yuan to buy the office building.
购买这座办公楼花了我们五百万元。
It is really foolish of you to choose such a job.
选择这样的职业你真是太愚蠢了。
It is my honour to work together with you.
和你在一起工作真是太荣幸了。
2．动词不定式作表语
My boss told me that my job was to clean offices.
老板说我的工作是打扫办公室。
You appear to have caught a cold.你好像感冒了。
3．不定式作宾语
(1)有些及物动词常用动词不定式作宾语。这些动词有：like，want，try，begin，decide，ask，forget，promise，hope，love，offer，refuse，wish等。
(2)动词不定式在介词but，other than后面时，如果介词前有行为动词do 的某种形式，那么介词后的不定式不带to，否则就要带to。
(3)在can't choose but，can't help but，can't but等后面的不定式也要省略to。
Father promised to buy me a new bicycle if I passed the examination.
父亲承诺如果我通过考试就给我买辆自行车。
We could do nothing but/other than wait.
除了等待我们别无他法。
【提示】　如果不定式作宾语，而其后有补足语时则常用形式宾语it，而把不定式放在补足语之后。
I think it necessary to master a foreign language.
我认为掌握一门外语很有必要。
4．不定式作宾语补足语
(1)带to的不定式作宾语补足语：要求用这种结构的常见的动词有：advise，allow，ask，beg，cause，call on，consider，drive，encourage，expect，force，get，hate，invite，know，like，love，teach，oblige，order，persuade，request，require，tell，want，warn，wish等。
(2)不带to的不定式作宾语补足语：要求用这种结构的常见的动词多为“感官动词”和“使役动词”，如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，find，have，let，make等。
They forced me to do things against my will.
他们强迫我做违背心愿的事情。
Everyone encourages me to enter for the English contest.大家鼓励我报名参加英语竞赛。
The policeman didn't notice the thief slip away.
警察没注意到小偷溜走了。
5．不定式作定语
不定式作定语要后置，往往表示未发生的动作。和被修饰语之间的逻辑关系通常是：
(1)主谓关系。被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语。如：the person to get there；the last to finish the work。
(2)动宾关系。被修饰词是不定式的逻辑宾语，不定式用主动结构。如：some problems to solve；a great house to live in。
(3)同位关系。不定式说明和解释被修饰语的内容。如：a plan to set up a new school；a chance to study further in America。
6．不定式作状语
不定式作状语主要有三种情况：
(1)目的状语。in order to和so as to是不定式作目的状语的正式用法，其中so as to不可位于句首。
(2)结果状语。通常有句型：too...to do sth.；...enough to do sth.；only to do sth.。
(3)原因状语。主要放在表示喜怒哀乐的情感的词汇之后。
In order to finish the work in time we work late into the night every day.
为了能及时完成任务，我们每天工作到深夜。
I walked all the way from home to the library，only to find it closed.
我从家一直步行到图书馆，结果发现它关门了。
She seemed surprised to meet us.
遇见我们，她似乎有点惊讶。
【疑难辨析】
1．不定式的主动和被动
(1)不定式修饰的名词或代词和不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式往往用主动形式。
Do you have a knife to cut the watermelon?
你有刀子切开这个西瓜吗？
(2)不定式和它前面被修饰的名词或代词构成逻辑上的动宾关系，又和该句的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系时，不定式常用主动形式。
I know what to do.我知道应该做什么。
(3)不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句中的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式多用主动形式，这是因为人们往往认为形容词后省去了for sb.。
This book is difficult to understand.这本书很难理解。
(4)在there be结构中，当说话人考虑的是必须有人去完成某件事时，不定式用主动形式；如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成，则用被动形式。
There is a lot of work to do.
(Someone has to do the work.)有许多工作要做。
There is a lot of work to be done.
(The work has to be done.)有许多工作需要被完成。
2．不定式符号to的保留
(1)当前文已经说明不定式的动作，后文中的不定式常可省略，只保留不定式符号to。常见的动词有：like，love，care，hope，wish，expect，prefer，refuse，mean，try等。
You can do it this way if you care/like to.
如果你喜欢，你可以用这种方法做这件事。
(2)当不定式用于下列结构：be able to，be going to，have to，ought to，used to中时，可以省略，只保留不定式符号to。
I don't want to wait for him but I have to.
我不想等他，但是必须等。
(3)当被省略的不定式的内容是作助动词用的have或be的任何形式时，to后要保留原形have或be。
He didn't come，but he ought to have(come)．
(have是不定式完成式中的have)
他没来，但是他本应该来的。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·重庆高考)The engine just won't start. Something seems________wrong with it.
A．to go　　　　　　　 B．to have gone
C．going D．having gone
【解析】　句意：这个引擎发动不了了，好像出毛病了。seem后接to do形式，可首先排除C、D两项。由于go wrong动作发生在seem之前，所以用动词不定式的完成式(to have done)表示动作已经发生。所以答案为B。
【答案】　B
2．(2013·四川高考)The airport________next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A．being completed B．to be completed
C．completed D．having been completed
【解析】　句意：明年竣工的飞机场将有助于促进该地旅游业的发展。complete与airport之间是动宾关系，又由题中的关键信息next year可知此处需用动词不定式的被动形式to be completed，表示将要发生的被动动作，所以B项符合题意。A项是现在分词的被动形式，表示正在进行的被动动作；C项是过去分词，表示已经完成的被动动作；D项是现在分词完成式的被动形式，表示已经完成的被动动作，三项均不合题意。
【答案】　B
3．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy________anything that happened to be on.
A．to watch B．watching
C．watched D．to have watched
【解析】　句意：每天晚上这个老人都坐在电视机前，高兴地看着电视上演的任何东西。本题考查动词不定式作状语。表示情感的词如happy，glad等用动词不定式作状语，故排除B、C两项。而D项为完成式，不符合题意。
【答案】　A
4．(2012·山东高考)George returned after the war，only________ that his wife had left him.
A．to be told B．telling
C．being told D．told
【解析】　句意：乔治战后返家，结果被告知他的妻子已经离开了他。由题干中的only可知要用不定式构成结果状语，故选A。
【答案】　A
5．(2012·江西高考)Having finished her project，she was invited by the school________ to the new students.
A．speaking B．having spoken
C．to speak D．to have spoken
【解析】　句意：完成了她的项目后，她应学校的邀请去给新生演讲。本题根据“invite sb.to do sth.＝sb.be invited to do sth.邀请某人做某事”，排除A、B两项；D项不定式的完成式表示该动作先于谓语动词所表示的动作，不符合句意，应排除。
【答案】　 C
6．(2012·陕西高考)If he takes on this work，he will have no choice but________ an even greater challenge.
A．meets B．meeting
C．meet D．to meet
【解析】　句意：如要他接下这个工作，他将别无选择，只能迎接更大的挑战。题干中have no choice but to do为常用结构，故选择D项。
【答案】　D
7．(2012·北京高考)Birds' singing is sometimes a warning to other birds________away.
A．to stay B．staying
C．stayed D．stay
【解析】　句意：鸟的歌声有的时候是警告其他鸟与之保持距离。warning后通常跟不定式作定语，表示“……的警告”，故A项为正确答案。
【答案】　A
8.(2012·辽宁高考)This machine is very easy________.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A．operating B．to be operating
C．operated D．to operate
【解析】　句意：这台机器操作起来很容易。任何人在几分钟之内就能学会使用它。“be＋表示难易好坏等的形容词”后需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。
【答案】　D
9．(2012·浙江高考)No matter how bright a talker you are，there are times when it's better ________ silent.
A．remain B．be remaining
C．having remained D．to remain
【解析】　句意：不论你是一个多么聪明的演讲者，有些时候保持沉默更好。此句中it作形式主语，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式，故答案为D。
【答案】　D
10．(2012·四川高考)Tom took a taxi to the airport，only ________ his plane high up in the sky.
A．finding B．to find
C．being found D．to have found
【解析】　句意：汤姆乘出租车去了机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已经高高地飞在天上了。“only＋不定式”作状语时，表示出乎意料的或不愿看到的结果，符合语境。D项为不定式的完成式，表示find这一动作发生在took这一动作之前，不符合题意，故答案选B。
【答案】　B
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．I've worked with children before，so I know what________(expect) in my new job.
2.Paul doesn't have to be made________(learn)．He always works hard.
3．Hurry up，he is sure________(wait)for us.
4．Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple，but it remains____(see)whether they will enjoy it.
5．There are five pairs of shoes________(choose)from，but I'm at a loss which to buy.
6．The Browns have a comfortable house________(live)in.
7．I'll ask Mr.Li________(lend)me some money.
8．We could do nothing but________(wait)．
9．Did you notice anyone________(come)in?
10．It is an honour for me________(ask)to speak here.
【答案】　1.to expect　2.to learn　3.to be waiting　4.to be seen　5.to choose　6.to live　7.to lend　8.wait
9．come　10.to be asked
Period ⅣAdvertisements & Communication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，理解并能熟练运用。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇。
3．通过对这些知识点的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．借助本学案写作提升的讲解，让学生用英语写一则广告，逐步提升学生用英语写应用文的能力。
●教学地位
本课时讲解的知识点是以教材重点词汇和句式出现的先后顺序依次呈现的。通过一篇相关话题的写作训练，(思路点拨→词汇热身→句式温习→连句成篇)，一步一步地教会学生如何写出一篇产品介绍。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
每一位同学都会在日常生活中接触到形形色色的广告，结合各自不同的生活习惯和生活背景，让同学们各自表达自己对商业广告的感受，共同探讨这些广告给他们的生活带来的影响和变化。
●教学流程设计
→导入新课。→学生快速阅读课文?课本第14－15页?并根据学案所设置的“语篇理解”问题做出选择?见学案第17页?。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
←←
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→→
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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　老师布置作业：让学生完成课本第60页第3题，第61页阅读理解。让学生自学学案Period V的内容(见学案第21页)，然后做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第23页)。
Ⅰ.语篇理解
阅读P14－15的Reading部分，选取最佳答案
1．If you want to become more beautiful，which advertisement should you read?
A．Remote Headphones.
B．Mini Camera.
C．Special Jewellery For Your Ears.
2．If you want your house clean and tidy，but you are very busy，which advertisement should you read?
A．Feline Floor Cleaners.
B．Remote Headphones.
C．Mini Camera.
3．Which item is the cheapest?
A．One mini camera.
B．Two pairs of remote headphones.
C．Two feline floor cleaners.
【答案】　1－3　C A C
Ⅱ.经典句子
1．It is no bigger than a credit card!
它和信用卡一样小！
2．Do you find housework tiring and boring?
你是否觉得家务活又累又烦？
3．There is no doubt that it will help us to cure all sorts of illness.
毫无疑问，它能帮助我们治疗各种疾病。
1．electric adj.与电有关的；用电的
I think electric toothbrushes are not very practical.(教材P14)我认为电动牙刷不太实用。
He bought an electric hair-dryer for Mary.
他给玛丽买了一个电吹风。
Please turn off the electric power.
请把电源关掉。
electric，electrical，electronic
electric
指以电为动力进行工作的
an electric guitar
电吉他
electrical
指关于电的或用电的
an electrical engineering
电工学
electronic
指与电子有关的、电子器件的、电子设备的
an electronic dictionary
电子词典
用electric，electrical，electronic填空
①There is a fault in the ________ system.
②An ________ power company stops the power supply in this area.
③I like to read books on ________ music.
【答案】　①electrical　②electric　③electronic
2．relaxing adj.令人放松的，使人懒洋洋的，使人无精打采的
You can listen to relaxing music in the bath！(教材P14)在浴室里你可以听轻松愉快的音乐！
He spent a relaxing afternoon in the garden.
他在花园里懒洋洋地度过了一个下午。
The hot weather is relaxing.
炎热的天气使人无精打采。
relax vt.使松弛，使放松
relaxation n．松弛，放松，消遣，娱乐
relaxed adj.轻松的，不烦恼的
These pills will relax you and make you sleep.
这些药丸对你有镇静和催眠的作用。
He looks relaxed about the serious matter.
对于这件严重的事情，他看起来似乎很轻松。
【教师备课资源】　
类似于relaxing和relaxed的词还有：



用relax的适当形式填空
①I like to________ with a glass of wine.
②He seems________ about the final exam.
③Sometimes going swimming is________ for people who are very tired.
④Fishing is my favourite ________.
【答案】　①relax　②relaxed　③relaxing　④relaxation
3．go through穿透；经历，遭受；用完；执行；履行；通过；翻遍
The signals go through glass, doors and walls.(教材P14)信号可穿透玻璃、门和墙壁。
They use the glass door to let the sun light go through.
他们使用玻璃门让阳光穿进来。
get through 完成；接通电话；(使)通过
see through看透，识破；坚持完成(任务、工程等)
pull through康复；完成；协助……完成(十分困难的事)
This enabled us to see through their plots.
这使我们得以看透他们的阴谋。
He will pull through his illness soon.
他很快就会恢复健康的。
【教师备课资源】　
live through经历(灾难等困难)而幸存
break through取得突破；克服，战胜
put through接通电话；完成；使经受(磨炼、痛苦)
look through假装没看见；浏览
猜测下列句中go through的意思
①She has gone through a lot since her husband died.________
②The bill has gone through.________
③Have you gone through all your money？________
④Mother went through the drawer looking for her ID card.________
【答案】　①经历　②通过　③用完　④翻遍
4．It is no bigger than a credit card！(教材P14)
它和信用卡一样小！
句中采用“no＋比较级＋than”结构，表示前后比较对象“都不……”且程度相当。
Tom is no more careful than John.
汤姆和约翰一样都不细心。
You are no worse than anyone else.
你和其他任何人一样都不差。
①A is no＋adj.比较级＋than B
A和B一样都不……
②A is not＋adj.比较级＋than B
A不如B……
③A is more...＋than B
A比B更……
④A is less...than B
A不如B更……
My room is not bigger than yours.
我的房间不如你的房间大。
Book 2 is less important than Book 1.
第二册书不如第一册书重要。
【教师备课资源】　
no better than＝as bad as与……一样不好
no faster than＝as slow as与……一样不快
no taller than＝as short as与……一样不高
no earlier than＝as late as与……一样晚
翻译句子
①He paid no less than 10,000 pounds for it.
________________________________________________________________________
②There were no fewer than 500 people present.
________________________________________________________________________
③No more than 3 people came to my class, unfortunately.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①他为此支付了高达一万英镑。
②出席者多达500人。
③很遗憾，只有三个人来上我的课。
5．convenient adj.方便的；便利的
It is convenient and very reliable.(教材P14)
(这种相机)方便可靠。
It is simple and convenient to use.
它很简单，方便使用。
Is three o'clock convenient for/to you?
三点钟您方便吗？
①convenient作表语时，不可用人作主语，而是用事物作主语或用it作形式主语。常用句型有：
a．It is/was convenient for sb.to do sth.
b．Sth.is convenient to do/for sb.
②inconvenient adj.不方便的
③convenience n．方便；便利设施
at one's convenience在方便的时候，在适宜的地方
It is of great convenience for you to borrow books.
＝It is convenient for you to borrow books.
你借书是很方便的。
用convenient的适当形式填空
①Could we put off the meeting until a more ________ time?
②This is very ________ for Mrs Puri, as a great number of her close relations have emigrated(移民)．
③We bought this house for its ________.
④The loss of her purse caused her much ________.
【答案】　①convenient　②inconvenient　③convenience　④inconvenience
6．focus n．焦点；中心 vt.焦距，聚焦
It has an automatic focus and flash, so you don't have to worry about anything.(教材P14)它有自动聚焦和闪光功能，因此不必担心任何事情。
Do you know the focus of the trouble?
你知道纠纷的焦点吗？
The grammar-based teaching，with its focus on accuracy rather than fluency，is not practical.
重在准确而非流利的语法教学法不实用。
①be in focus 清晰；明确；在焦点上
be out of focus 模糊；不清楚；不在焦点上
bring sth.into focus 使某物清晰；使某物成为焦点
②focus v．使集中于焦点；(使)集中
focus...on...(使)注视
focus one's attention on...
把某人的注意力集中在……上
I'm so tired that I can't focus on anything today.
今天我太累了，精神集中不起来。
Please focus your minds on the following problem.
请集中精力考虑以下问题。
完成句子
①The children's faces are________(非常模糊)in the photograph.
②I'm too tired today to________(集中精力)my job.
③Please________your attention________(把……集中到)the article you are reading.
④If you want to get a better view，________ the object________(把焦点对准)．
【答案】　①out of focus　②focus on　③focus；on
④bring；into focus
7．Do you find housework tiring and boring？(教材P15)你是否觉得家务活又累又烦？
句中的find h