【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版必修四教师用书Unit 12Cuture Shock

【美文阅读】　
Culture shock stories
留学国外，总会遇到这样或那样的问题，阅读下面的文章，看看你是否了解这些文化差异。
XL，please!
Before I came to the USA for studying，I had pictured that everything there was extra large.In my imagination，everyone was overweight，meals were big, and the size of the clothes was large.But those were only my imagination.
When I first came to NWS (National Weather Service)，I was shocked by the size of the school.Is there one single building with only three floors？Then I stepped into the dormitory.Oh my God！The room was so tiny that I could reach the two ends within three big steps.I didn't have a choice；I could only bear with it.I even teased(嘲笑)myself，“I was wrong about the XXL image of America.”
Surprisingly，things worked out very well.Being in a small school helped me to know almost everyone in school and build close relationships with the teachers.The small size of the class gave me the opportunity to express myself in class.In the tiny dormitory，I built my deepest friendship with my roommate.Although my impression was wrong, I was glad that it was wrong.
Go to be respectful to the older
While we were sitting there in the park，one guy threw away his cigarette butt(烟蒂)in the lake.Obviously，it would pollute this beautiful and shiny lake.The colorful goldfish would die because of it.I asked him, “Hey! What are you doing？Why did you do that？”
“What？How old are you？”the guy said.
“I think I am younger than you，”I said.
“Ha！Then just stay quiet.It's none of your business.I think you are really rude！”
“What？Hey，think about the goldfish！Are you happy if I throw a cigarette butt at you？”
He reviled(斥责)me and tried to hit me.I couldn't understand why he was angry like a mad dog.My friend persuaded him and me to calm down.I was really angry，so I just left that place.Later，my friend asked me，
“Hey！Why did you do that？”
“What？What did I do？”
“You shouldn't do that.He is older than you！”
“What？He was wrong.I didn't do anything wrong！”
“This is in Korea.Even though he was wrong，you shouldn't blame him.”
I think that happened because of the culture difference.In America, I can say anything and give advice even if I'm younger than the other person.I am used to this culture I forgot about Korean culture and I could experience the culture difference because of this.It threw me into deep and dark confusion.
【诱思导学】　
1．What did the author think of America，before he went there?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．What is the advantage of the small size of the class?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．Why was the guy angry like a mad dog?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.He thought that everything was extra large.
2．It gives students the opportunity to express themselves in class.
3．Because the author is younger than the guy.According to the local culture，the author shouldn't blame him.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给内容的学习，了解下一课时即将出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，将对下一节课内容的全面理解起到铺垫作用。
●教学地位
此部分内容是对下一课时的感悟和预习，合理利用本学案，能大大提升下一课时的课堂效率，促进课堂的积极活跃度，并能在课上与老师形成较为默契的配合。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
让学生讨论国外文化对各自生活的影响，直接导入新课。在设计这堂课时，要从激发学生的兴趣出发，介绍有关的背景知识，给学生布置具有一定挑战性的任务，让学生以“我的文化生活”为话题进行讨论或口头描述。
●教学流程设计
→→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
←师生共同讨论并统一答案。←
　　　　　↓
→→
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
←←
　　　　　↓
老师布置作业，让学生阅读Visiting Britain并完成课文36页第2题；预习学案Period Ⅱ?见学案第54页?。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
根据P36的Reading部分，在表格中填入恰当的单词或短语
Visiting Britain
Culture
Shock
The food
I was 2.____to find that London is such an international city.There are many people from all over the world and as a result there are many 3.____.Almost every town has at least one Chinese restaurant.British people have got used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for 4.____.
A word of 1.____
Check your 5.____to see if a 6.____ is included to 7.____getting confused.It's easy to exchange traveller's 8.____at banks or hotels，so get some of those 9.____you come.
British humour
The British people find the strangest things 10.____！The majority of them are really friendly and I've made some good friends.
【答案】　1.advice　2.amazed　3.international restaurants　4.breakfast　5.bill　6.tip　7.avoid　8.cheques 9．before　10.funny
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P36的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．The letter to Aunt Mei was written________.
A．before Aunt Mei's visit to London
B．during Aunt Mei's visit to London
C．after Aunt Mei's visit to London
2．Xiaojin was writing the letter to________.
A．make an apology to Aunt Mei
B．thank Aunt Mei for her visit to her
C．tell Aunt Mei something about London
3．Once Xiaojin had a meal at a restaurant，when she paid the bill，she found it was 19 pounds and the tip was not included，so she left________for the waiter.
A．￡ 0.19　　　B．￡ 19　　　C．￡ 2
4．When hiking in the English countryside，one had better________.
A．not wander through the fields
B．make sure whether the mushrooms he picks are eatable
C．wear warm clothes
5．British humour and Chinese humour________.
A．have no similarity
B．have no difference
C．are different from each other
【答案】　1－5　A C C B C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
从方框中选择恰当的单词或短语，完成下列短文
absorb；where；leave；stay；the majority of；an apology；culture shock；pretty；exchange；get used to
Dear Aunt Mei，
How time flies! It has been 6 months since I came here.I owe you 1.________for not writing to you more often.I've been busy studying and trying to 2.________ all the new things around me for I'm still experiencing3.________ .
I'm glad you'll visit me soon and I'll tell you something about London.London is an international city 4.________ there are many international restaurants and there is at least one Chinese restaurant in every town.You have to 5.________ the tipping system here.I suggest 6.________ 10% of the bill for the waiter or waitress.You can get some traveller's cheques as it's easy to 7.________ them at banks or hotels.I think we should consider 8.________ in the English countryside for a few nights so as to enjoy hiking and taste some mushrooms.Don't forget to bring a warm coat for it can get 9.________ cold and foggy here.One last thing, don't worry about how to get along with the people here because 10.________ them are quite friendly.
I am looking forward to your visit!
Love，
Xiaojin
【答案】　1.an apology　2.absorb　3.culture shock
4．where　5.get used to　6.leaving　7.exchange　8.staying　9.pretty　10.the majority of
　
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．owe　　　　　A．statement to say sorry for having done wrong or hurt sb.'s feelings
2．apology B．to take sth.into the mind and learn or understand it
3．absorb C．to have to pay；to be in debt for；to have to give
4．brief D．firm belief that sth.will happen; hope of gaining sth.
5．expectation E．to go from place to place without any special purpose or destination
6．wander F．in as few words as possible
【答案】　1－6　CABFDE
Ⅱ.短语填空
be busy doing sth.； first of all； get used to； get confused； not at all； in advance；owe sb.an apology for； afford to
1．They asked so many questions that I ___________.
2．Everything must be planned __________.
3．Happiness lies，____________，in health.
4．The country cannot ____________ absorb these losses.
5．Tom ______________ eating with chopsticks.
【答案】　1.got confused　2.in advance　3.first of all　4.afford to　5.has got used to
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．I wish your visit wasn't going to be so brief.
我真希望您的来访时间不会这么短。
2．There are people from all over the world living here and as a result, there are many international restaurants.
这里住着来自世界各地的人们，因此，这里有许多国际化的餐馆。
3．To avoid getting confused about the British tipping system, you need to check your bill to see if a tip is included or not.
为了避免对英国小费制度的困惑，您需要查看您的账单上是不是包括小费。
4．I didn't understand British humour at all when I first got here.
我刚到时一点儿都不懂英式幽默。
Period ⅡWarm-up & Visiting Britain
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过对学案中重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，并能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．通过对不定式、动名词作动词宾语的语法教学让学生能够理解和运用这些知识。
●教学地位
词汇教学是高中英语教学的重要组成部分，所以理解和记忆英语单词和短语是英语学习的主要任务。本课时的语法是不定式和动名词作动词宾语的用法，此语法点是非谓语动词语法教学的前奏，掌握好此语法有利于学生进一步对非谓语动词进行理解。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以尝试用学生日常生活的话题互动式引入本课：
T: I think every one of you has been experiencing different cultures from different countries.Culture is part of our life, do you think so?
S：
T: We know there is always something happening about culture shock in the communication with foreigners.In that case, how do you deal with this situation? Tell the class.Use some key words to help you.(Show some slides about new items)
S：
T: Have you found the strengths of your local culture in comparison with other cultures? Share some interesting ideas with your classmates.
S:
●教学流程设计
→→让学生就“要点讲练”?见学案第54页?进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
←←
　　　　　↓
→→　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
自我评估?见学案第60页?。→布置作业。让学生完成课本第78－79页第3、4、5题，“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ?见学案第61页?。
1．I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.(教材P36)
没有多给您写信我感到非常抱歉。
(1)owe vt.欠(债)；感激；归功于
I still owe a great deal on my new house.
我买新房子的钱还欠很多。
He owes his good health to his regular life.
他把自身的健康归功于生活有规律。
owe sb.sth.欠某人某物
owe...to...把……归功于……
owing to 由于
I owe an apology to him.＝I owe him an apology.
我得向他道歉。
Owing to the rain，they could not come.
由于下雨，他们不能来了。
【教师备课资源】　
sb.oweto sb.
sb.oweto
猜测下列句中owe的意思
①I owe a lot to my wife and children.________
②We owe this discovery to Newton.________
③You can take your time to pay the debt you owe me.________
【答案】　①感激　②归功于　③欠债
(2)apology n．道歉；认错
He made an apology for his rudeness.
他为自己的无礼道歉了。
The newspaper has issued an apology to the public for their false report.
该报已就他们的不实报道向公众发表了道歉声明。

accept an apology 接受道歉
②apologize(-ise) v．道歉；赔不是
apologize to sb.for sth./doing sth.
因某事/做了某事向某人赔不是
You should make an apology to her for your carelessness.
你应该为你的粗心大意向她赔礼道歉。
She apologized and left early.她致歉后就早早离开了。
We apologize for the late departure of this flight.
因本航班延误离境，我们向您致歉。
用恰当的介词填空
④If you see him, please give my apologies ________ not having written ________ him.
⑤I made my apologies ______ my host and left early.
⑥I must offer her an apology ________ not going to her party.
【答案】　④for；to　⑤to　⑥for
2．I've just been so busy studying and trying to absorb all the new things around me—I think I'm still experiencing culture shock.(教材P36)
我一直忙于学习，并且试图了解身边的所有新事物——我觉得自己还在经历文化冲击。
(1)be busy(in)doing sth.忙于做某事
He is busy (in) doing his homework.
他忙于做家庭作业。
have difficulty (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
waste time (in) doing sth.浪费时间做某事
spend time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事
have a good/hard time (in) doing sth.
做某事愉快/艰难
I have some difficulty (in)talking with the foreigner.
与这位外国人交谈，我有些困难。
Little Frank wasted a lot of time playing in the woods.
小弗兰克浪费了很多时间在树林中玩。
　
完成句子
①他忙着准备考试。
He ________________ for the examination.
②看电视不要看太长时间。
Don't ________________ watching TV.
③在课堂上，我很难集中精神。
I ________________ paying attention in school.
【答案】　①is busy in preparing　②spend too much time in　③have a hard time in
(2)absorb vt.吸收，理解，使沉迷
The sponge absorbs water.海绵吸水。
Clever children absorb knowledge easily.
聪明的孩子容易接受知识。
be absorbed by...被……吞并/吸引，为……所吸收
absorb one's time 占用某人的时间
absorb one's attention 吸引某人的注意力
be absorbed in...＝be buried in...＝be lost in...
专注于……，聚精会神于……
The book absorbed his attention.
这本书吸引了他的注意力。
He is absorbed in his business.
他专心致志于他的业务。
完成句子
④游戏把男孩完全吸引住了。
The boy __________________ the game.
⑤他需要一些时间来消化今天所学的内容。
He needs some time to __________________.
【答案】　④was completely absorbed by　⑤absorb what she learned today
3．There is so much here that is different from home.(教材P36)这儿的很多事情与国内不一样。
so adv. 这么，那么，如此。此处不是so...that...如此……以至于……句型，that在这里是关系代词，引导定语从句修饰much。
so/such...that...句型用法如下：
so＋adj./adv.＋that 从句
so＋adj.＋a(n)＋单数名词＋that从句
so＋many/few＋复数名词＋that从句
so＋much/little(少)＋不可数名词＋that从句
such＋a(n)＋adj.＋单数可数名词＋that从句
such＋adj.＋复数名词/不可数名词＋that从句
He shut the window with such great force that the glass broke.他关窗关得很用力，把玻璃打碎了。
　
完成句子
①迈克是一个如此诚实的工人以至于我们都相信他。
Mike is so ________________ we all believe him.
②天气非常寒冷，以至于街上没有任何人。
It was such________________ there was nobody in the street.
【答案】　①honest a worker that　②a cold day that
4．brief adj.短暂的；简短的
I wish your visit wasn't going to be so brief but there's a lot we can do and see in a week.(教材P36)
我真希望您的来访时间不会这么短，但是一周内我们也有许多事情可以做，许多地方可以参观。
That brief work experience has changed him a lot.
那段短暂的工作经历使他改变了很多。
Please be brief because I am in a hurry.
我有急事，请长话短说。
in brief 简言之
to be brief 简单地说，简言之
a brief note 一个便条
make brief of 使……简短
be brief and to the point 简明扼要
In brief, the meeting was a disaster.
总之，那会议糟透了。
What he said was brief and to the point.
他的话简明扼要。
【教师备课资源】　
briefly adv.短暂地；暂时地；简短地；简要地
in general大体上；总的说来
in short总之；简言之
　
完成句子
①技术示例的设计既简捷又能切中要害。
Technology samples are designed to ______________________.
②简单地(对你)说，我们不能接受这样苛刻的条件。
__________________，we can't accept such harsh terms.
【答案】　①be brief and to the point　②To be brief (with you)/In brief
5．expectation n．期待的事物，预期
I don't know what your expectations are of London，but knowing that you've never travelled outside of Asia，I thought I'd tell you a bit about what you can expect to find.(教材P36)
我不知道您对伦敦有什么样的期望，但是我知道您从来没有到亚洲以外的地方旅行，所以我想告诉您一些这里的情况。
The result exceeded expectation.
结果比预料的好。
We have great expectations of you.
我们对你抱有极大的期望。
against/contrary to (all)expectation(s)
与预期的相反；出乎意料
(not)live/come up to(sb.'s)expectations
(未)达到(某人的)理想
beyond(one's)expectation(s)
比预期的要高；没有预料到
in expectation of 预料；预计
　He failed to live up to his parents' expectations.
他辜负了父母的期望。
The result is beyond expectation.
结果出乎意料。
expectation/hope
expectation
指“盼望某事发生”或“认为某事会发生”。
hope
表示主观认为某事会发生或出现，指“可实现的事情”。
【教师备课资源】　
expect to do sth.指望、希望做某事
expect sb./sth.期待着某人/某事物的到来
expect sb.to do sth.指望、预料某人干某事
expect that-clause...认为，料想
用expectation，hope的适当形式填空
①This kind of research offers real ________that we will conquer cancer one day.
②We certainly had reasonable ________ of success.
【答案】　①hopes　②expectations
6．get used to习惯于
You're going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toast for breakfast over here，Aunt Mei！(教材P36)
梅姨，您得适应这里腌肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早餐！
Driving on the left can be strange at first but you will get used to it.
靠左行驶开始可能怪怪的，但你会习惯的。
I am used to living in the countryside.我习惯住在农村。
be used to (doing)sth.习惯于(做)某事
become used to (doing)sth.逐渐习惯(做)某事
be used to do sth.被用来做某事
be used for sth.被用于某物
used to do sth.过去常常做某事
　I used to play football on the playground，but now I am used to reading in the library and the knowledge I get can be used to equip myself.
我过去常常在操场上踢足球，但现在我习惯在图书馆里看书，用获取的知识来武装自己。
完成句子
①______________(我过去常去看电影)，but now I have no time to see.
②He____________________(已经习惯于生活在艰苦条件下)．
③Computers can____________________(被用来为人们服务)．
【答案】　①I used to go to the cinema　②has been used to living in hard conditions　③be used to serve the people
7．get confused弄糊涂
And a word of advice.To avoid getting confused about the British tipping system, you need to check your bill to see if a tip is included or not.(教材P36)
还有一点建议。为了避免对英国小费制度的困惑，您需要查看您的账单上是不是包括小费。
People get confused about all the different labels on food.人们对那些五花八门的食品标签感到困惑。
get＋过去分词，常有两种含义：
①表示被动
get hurt 受伤；get burnt 烧伤；get beaten 被打；get caught in 被困；get broken 被打破；get separated 被分开；get punished 受惩罚
②表示处于某种状态或情况
get lost 迷路； get paid 得到报酬；get drunk 喝醉；get washed 洗脸；get dressed 穿衣服；get changed 换衣服；get married 结婚
The girl got hurt on her way to school.
那个小女孩在上学的路上受了伤。
He got drunk, so I have to support him home.
他喝醉了，因此我不得不扶他回家。
完成句子
①We ________(分开)from our classmates for the moment, but we'll get together again.
②He went to the bedroom to ________(换衣服)．
③I ________ (被困于)a traffic jam on my way here.
【答案】　①get separated 　②get dressed　③got caught in
8．exchange vt.兑换；交换
Talking of money—it's really easy to exchange traveller's cheques at banks or hotels so I advise you to get some of those before you come.(教材P36)谈到钱——在银行或饭店兑换旅行支票的确非常容易，所以我建议您来之前准备一些支票。
He exchanged the red car for a black one.
他把红色的汽车换成了一辆黑色的。
May I exchange seats with you?
我和你调一下座位好吗？
①exchange A for B 把A换成B
exchange sth.with sb.与某人交换某物
②exchange n．交换，交流，互换
in exchange for 作为交换；兑换；兑换率
　You can exchange your currency for dollars in the hotel.
你可在旅馆把你的钱兑换成美元。
Would you like my old TV in exchange for this camera?
我的旧电视机换这架照相机，你愿意吗？
exchange/change
exchange
多表示与对方交换物品、意见、条件和互访等。
change
常与复数宾语连用，多指两人交换位置、地方等，或拿原有的物品去替换或代替某人/某事物。
John exchanged gifts with Mary.
约翰与玛丽交换了礼物。
I'm thinking of changing my car for a bigger one.
我正在考虑换辆大点儿的汽车。
用exchange, change填空
①I'd like to ________some pounds for dollars.
②He finds it impossible to make her ________her mind.
③I would like to give my pen in ________for yours.
④I need to ________ my dollars into francs.
【答案】　①exchange 　②change 　③exchange 　④change
9．wander vi. 漫游，闲逛；徘徊；迷路；离题
We can wander through the fields and even pick a few mushrooms to have with our breakfast！(教材P36)
我们可以在田野中漫步，甚至可以采一些蘑菇和早饭一起吃。
The speaker's eyes wandered round the whole hall.
演讲者的眼睛环视了整个大厅。
wander 表示“偏离”，“走失；离散”，常与副词off、介词from等连用。
wander 用作及物动词，表示“漫游”，后面直接接表示场所、地点的词。
wander away走神，开小差
let your mind wander思想开小差
The child wandered off and got lost.
那孩子走散后迷路了。
They had wandered from the path into the woods.
他们离开小路消失在树林里。
　
完成句子
①请不要离题。
Please don't ________the point.
②他的视线又转至黑沉沉的街上。
His glance again ________to the darkened street.
③在上课时不要让自己的思想开小差。
Don' t __________________ during the lecture.
【答案】　①wander off 　②wandered away 　③let your mind wander
10．not...at all一点也不
One last thing, I didn't understand British humour at all when I first got here.(教材P36)最后一点，我第一次来这里时，一点儿也不理解英国式的幽默。
at all的用法：
①用于否定句，构成not at all，意为
“一点儿也不/根本不”。
②用于疑问句，意为“到底，究竟”。
③用于if条件句，加强语气，意为“根本”。
I'm not hungry at all.我一点儿也不饿。
Have you read any of the report at all?
那份报告你到底读了没有？
at all全然；完全
in all总计
first of all首先
above all首要的是
after all毕竟
all in all从各方面来考虑；总的来说
Never waste anything, but above all never waste time.不能浪费任何东西，尤其不要浪费时间。
Don't get discouraged by the difficulties；we are new to the work after all.别因为困难而灰心，毕竟这工作对我们来说是全新的。
用in all，after all，(not) at all，first of all填空
①There are 125 teachers in our school ________.
②I was not surprised at his coming ________.
③It's a small world ________.
④________，you must put your heart into it.
【答案】　①in all　②at all　③after all　④First of all/Above all
11．majority n．大多数；大部分；大半
But even though some British people are quite strange, the majority of them are really friendly and I've made some good friends.(教材P36)
虽然有些英国人有点儿奇怪，但是大多数人都很友好。我已结交了一些好朋友。
The majority are young people.大多数是年轻人。
The majority was (were) in favour of banning smoking in public.大多数人赞成在公共场所禁烟。
【提示】　the majority/minority单独作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。
the majority of...……的大多数
in a/the majority占大多数
by/with a majority of以……的多数
major adj.主要的；重大的v.主修n.主修课程；专业课
major in sth.＝specialize in sth.主修……
The majority of students who are in key senior schools can go to university.
大多数重点高中的学生能够上大学。
He was elected by a large majority.
他以绝大多数票当选。
【教师备课资源】　
major on sth.专门研究(课题、问题)
minority n．少数；少数民族
完成句子
①她在大学期间主修数学和物理。
She ________maths and physics at college .
②在会上，年轻人占大多数。
At the meeting, young people were ________.
【答案】　①majored in　②in the majority
12．in advance提前，预先
You don't have to book accommodation in advance as you will certainly manage to find a local person who will offer to put you up at a very reasonable price.(教材P37)你不必提前预订住宿的地方，因为你一定可以找到以非常合理的价格提供住处给你的当地人。
Everything was fixed in advance.
一切都是预先安排好的。
I received one month's salary in advance.
我预支了一个月的工资。
advance n. 前进；进展；预付款
vi.& vt. 前进，进展，提前
advance across/through 穿过
advance on 向……推进
Our troops advanced on the next town.
我军向下一个城镇推进。
【教师备课资源】　
advance sb.some money 预付某人一些钱
in advance of 在……前面，超过
　
猜测下列句中advance的词性和词义
①Advance in the jungle was very slow.________
②She was paid a ￡100,000 advance for her next two novels.________
③Make suitable arrangements for location and time in advance.________
④Medical technology has advanced considerably.________
【答案】　①n.行进　②n.预付款　③n.提前
④vi.进步
观察下列从Reading选取的句子，体会不定式和动名词作宾语的用法。
①I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.
②I am just so glad you can afford to_visit me.
③I suggest leaving_10% of the bill for the waiter of waitress.
④We should consider staying_in the English countryside for a few nights.
⑤I've just been so busy studying and trying to_absorb all the new things around me.
[自我总结]　
以上五句话，①③④句都有一个________作宾语，第①句writing作for的宾语；第③句leaving作________的宾语，第④句staying作consider的宾语。②⑤句都有一个________作宾语，第②句to visit作afford的宾语；第⑤句to absorb作________的宾语。
【答案】　动名词；suggest；不定式；try
不定式和动名词作宾语的用法
用动名词还是不定式作宾语，主要分为以下六种情况：
1．只可使用动名词作宾语的动词有enjoy, miss, practise, suggest, consider, appreciate, avoid, mind, imagine, finish, admit, deny, delay, risk 等。只跟动名词的短语有feel like, stick to, devote to, pay attention to, be busy, can't help, it is no use，be used to(习惯于)，look forward to, can't stand等。
Do you try to avoid making her annoyed?
你是竭力不惹她生气吗？
He admitted taking my money.
他承认拿走了我的钱。
He is used to walking to his office every day.
他已经习惯了每天走着去上班。
2．只可使用不定式作宾语的动词有：
agree(同意)；offer(提出)；intend/plan(打算，计划)；demand/ask(要求)；promise(答应)；help(帮忙)；prepare(准备)；decide(决定)；refuse(拒绝)；choose(选择)；wish/hope/want/expect(希望，想要)；fail(不能)；pretend(假装)；manage(设法)；determine(决心)；beg(恳求，祈求)；arrange(安排，准备)；claim(声称)；aim(以……为目标)；hesitate(犹豫不决)；threaten(威胁)等动词后通常只接不定式作宾语。
They managed to finish the work on time.
他们设法按时完成了工作。
He failed to paste the poster on the wall.
他没能把海报贴到墙上。
【记忆口诀】
口诀巧记仅接不定式作宾语的动词(短语)：
同意提出作计划，要求答应来帮忙。
准备决定遭拒绝，敢于选择有希望。
不能做到莫假装，设法做成决心坚。
恳求安排买得起，声称目标不犹豫。
3．既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语的动词有start, begin, continue, like, love, hate等，意思基本没有区别。
love, like和hate接动名词表示长久的、规律性的好恶，接不定式表示一时的、个别性的好恶。
They began throwing/to throw furniture out of the window.他们开始把家具扔到窗子外面去。
Do you like playing/to play chess?
你喜欢下棋吗？
4．以下动词既可接动名词，又可接不定式作宾语，但意思有区别。
接动名词作宾语
接不定式作宾语
remember
记得过去发生的动作
记得将来要做的动作
try
试着去做、尝试改变
努力去做某事
regret
对做过的事表示后悔
对要做的事表示遗憾
mean
意味着……
企图(打算)做某事
go on
继续做未完成的事情
做完一件事后，接着做另一件
forget
忘记以前曾做过某事
忘记去做某事
stop
中断正在做的事情
中断正在做的事，去做别的事
can't help
禁不住做某事
不能帮着做某事
I'll remember to post your letter.
我会记住把你的信寄走的。
I don't remember saying this to him before.
我不记得以前对他说过这件事。
I forgot to tell him to come.
我忘记叫他来了。
I'll never forget seeing him for the first time.
我永远忘不了和他初次见面的情景。
5．allow，advise, forbid, permit等动词后面可接动名词作宾语，但有名词或代词作宾语时，则接不定式作宾语补足语。allow (advise, forbid, permit, encourage) doing sth./sb.to do sth.。
He advised going home earlier.
他建议早回家。
He advised us to go home earlier.
他建议我们早回家。
6．动词need，require, want表示主语需要(被做某种处理)，其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语，表示事情需要做。这时动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
The room needs/wants/requires
这个房间需要打扫了。
The place is worth visiting.
The place is worthy
这个地方值得参观一下。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·湖南高考)We've had a good start，but next，more work needs________to achieve the final success.
A．being done　　　　　　 B．do
C．to be done D．to do
【解析】　句意：我们已有了好的开始，可下一步，还有更多的工作需要做以取得最终的成功。表示“某事需要做”时，need后需用动名词的主动式或不定式的被动式，即need doing/to be done结构。故答案为C。
【答案】　C
2．(2012·安徽高考)I remembered________the door before I left the office，but forgot to turn off the lights.
A．locking B．to lock
C．having locked D．to have locked
【解析】　句意：我记着在离开办公室前锁门，却忘了关灯的事。句中强调记着锁门这件事，指动作的全过程，而不强调记得做过了什么事，因此用不定式的一般式。A、C、D三项均表示做过了某事，用排除法可确定答案为B。
【答案】　B
3．(2011·天津高考)Passengers are permitted________only one piece of hand luggage onto the plane.
A．to carry B．carrying
C．to be carried D．being carried
【解析】　句意：乘客们只被允许带一个手提行李上飞机。根据permit sb.to do sth.意思是“允许某人做某事”，其被动形式为sb.be permitted to do sth.。故选A。
【答案】　A
4．(2013·北京高考)When we saw the road________with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
A．block B．to block
C．blocking D．blocked
【解析】　句意：当看到道路被雪堵住的时候，我们决定在家里度假。分析结构可知，此处是“see＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构；宾补是do形式时，表示“看见宾语做某事的整个过程”；宾补是doing形式时，表示“看见宾语正在做某事”；若宾补与宾语之间为动宾关系，则要用过去分词作宾补。分析结构可知，此处block与宾语the road之间为动宾关系，应用blocked作宾补，故正确答案为D项。解此类试题，分析宾语与宾补的逻辑关系是解题关键。
【答案】　D
5．She likes________ but she doesn't like ________ this afternoon.She'd like ________ some other day.
A．swimming；swimming；to swim
B．to swim；swimming；to swim
C．to swim；to swim；swimming
D．swimming；to swim；to swim
【解析】　句意：她喜欢游泳，但是今天下午她不想游泳。她想改天再游泳。like doing sth.喜欢做某事，表示习惯性的、一般性的动作；like to do sth.喜欢做某事，表示一次性的、具体的动作；would like to do sth.喜欢做某事，为固定搭配。D项符合语境。
【答案】　D
6．Did you regret ________ your opinion that we should stay at home on Sunday?
A．to put up B．to put forward
C．putting up D．putting forward
【解析】　由opinion可知用put forward(提出)，又因此处put forward所表示的动作已经发生，故用regret doing sth.表示“后悔做过某事”。regret to do sth.表示“遗憾地去做某事”。
【答案】　D
7．(2013·浙江高考)________ how others react to the book you have just read creates an added pleasure.
A．Hearing B．Hear
C．Having heard D．To be hearing
【解析】　句意：听到别人对你刚刚读过的那本书作出的反应能增添快乐。分析句子结构可知，________...read为句子主语，并且指的是某一事实情况，要用动名词作主语，所以正确答案为A项。having done形式强调非谓语动词表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前，多作状语。
【答案】　A
8．Susan wanted to be independent of her parents.She tried ________ alone，but she didn't like it and moved back home.
A．living B．to live
C．to be living D．having lived
【解析】　try doing sth.表示“尝试着做……”，符合语境。
【答案】　A
9．—Can I smoke here?
—Sorry.We don't allow ________ here.
A．people smoking B．people smoke
C．to smoke D．smoking
【解析】　该题考查非谓语形式作allow的宾语。allow的使用结构有allow sb.to do sth.和allow doing sth.所以该题答案为D项，表示“我们不允许在这里吸烟”。也可表达为We don't allow people to smoke here.
【答案】　D
10．I hear they've promoted Tom，but he didn't mention ________ when we talked on the phone.
A．to promote B．having been promoted
C．having promoted D．to be promoted
【解析】　mention后常接动名词作宾语，此处he与promote之间是动宾关系，且promote所表示的动作已完成，故选B。
【答案】　B
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．Keep ________(try)；you're sure to succeed.
2．Every half an hour Mr.Smith would stop ________(have)a smoke.
3.As soon as Peter saw me，he stopped ________(talk)to his friends and came over.
4．Thank you for ________ (help)me.
5．His wish is ________ (become)a lawyer.
6．It is dangerous ________ (play)with fire in the room.
7．She kept me ________ (wait)for nearly 40 minutes.
8．I remember ________(tell)her about him that day.
9．I'm sorry I forgot ________(buy)you stamps.
10．I'll never forget ________(invite)to her 18th birthday party.
【答案】　1.trying　2.to have　3.talking　4.helping5.to become　6.to play　7.waiting　8.telling　9.to buy
10．being invited
Period ⅢMind Your Manners & Living Abroad
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇和句式的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇和句式，并能够运用这些知识点造句。
3．通过对语法的教学，让学生能够理解和运用这些语法知识，能够熟练地运用现在分词。
4．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位
现在分词的语法功能是学生感到较难掌握的，语法规则清晰，但易混易错的地方较多。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是学好此项语法的关键，不应让学生死记硬背这些语法条文。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Answer these questions to prepare yourself.
1. Imagining you leaving and studying in America for some time，what should you do to avoid unnecessary culture misunderstandings?
2．Share one of your familiar foreign cultures with your partners.
●教学流程设计
→→让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第61页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
←←
　　　　　↓
→→
↓
自我评估?见学案第66页?。　→　　　　布置作业。让学生完成课本第81页第3题，第82页第2、3题， “课时作业”和预习Period Ⅳ?见学案第67页?。
1．manners n．礼貌
Mind Your Manners(教材P38)注意你的礼貌
His manners were perfect.
他非常有礼貌。
Her children all had such good manners.
她的孩子们都这样彬彬有礼。
【提示】　manners表示“礼貌”时只有复数形式。

good manners 有礼貌
bad manners 没礼貌
in a ...manner 用……的方式/态度
It's bad manners to stare at people.
瞪着别人看不礼貌。
She greeted me in a friendly manner.
她很友好地和我打招呼。
　
单句改错
①The child has very good manner and always says“thank you”．________________
②Japanese manner is based on the idea that “you are superior to me”．________________
【答案】　①manner→manners
②manner is→manners are
2．...last time we went it was great！(教材P38)
……上次我们去的时候，非常不错！
此句为名词短语(the)last time引导的时间状语从句。
The last time I saw him，he was playing with a cat.
我上一次见他时，他正逗猫玩。
The last time I saw her，she was not so old.
我上一次见她时，她还没有这么老。
以下名词短语可以引导时间状语从句：
(the) last time 上次……时
(the) next time 下次……时
every time 每当……时
the first/second...time第一/二次……时
I promised my son to take him to the zoo the next time I took a holiday.
我答应儿子下次度假时带他去动物园。
The first time I went abroad I could hardly understand what the foreigners said.
我第一次出国时几乎不懂老外说些什么。
　
完成句子
①你下次来，请把你的作文带来。
________________， please bring your composition.
②最后一次看到他时，他在纽约。
________________， he was in New York.
【答案】　①Next time you come　②The last time I saw him
3．give...a lift 给……搭车；搭便车
Would you mind giving me and my schoolmate a lift to school？(教材P38)
你介意让我和我的同学搭你的车去上学吗？
I'll give you a lift to the station.
我顺便用车送你到车站去吧。
He gave me a lift back home after the party.
晚会结束后，他让我搭车回家。
①ask for a lift 要求搭便车
take the lift 乘电梯
②lift v．举起；抬升
lift up举起；提高
He lifted his glass to the health of his parents.
他举杯祝父母身体健康。
完成句子
①__________________(她是要求搭便车吗)? I must have misheard what she was saying.
②There's no need to ________________(提高你的嗓门)；I'm not deaf.
【答案】　①Was she asking for a lift　②lift up your voice
4．request n．要求；请求　v．要求；请求；恳求
...to make a request to someone you don't know very well (教材P39)
……向一个你不是很熟悉的人作出请求
He made repeated requests for help.
他一再请求帮助。
I request him to help.我请求他帮忙。
①make a request for...要求……
at sb.'s request＝at the request of sb.
应某人之邀请/请求
by request (of sb.)
应(某人的)请求；经(某人之)要求
on request 一经要求
②request sb.to do sth.请求某人做某事
request sth.of/from sb.向某人要求某物
request that sb.(should) do sth.要求某人做某事
Mr Paine made a request that I should help him.
佩恩先生要求我帮助他。
We requested him to stop at the station.
我们让他停在车站。
They requested that we should not park our car here.
他们要求我们别把汽车停放在这里。
用适当的介词填空
①They have made an urgent request ________international aid.
②The study was done ________ the request of the Chairman.
③Further details will be sent ________ request.
④The film is being shown again ________popular request.
【答案】　①for　②at　③on　④by
5．drop off 让……下车；打盹儿，打瞌睡；减少，逐渐消失
Do you think you could drop me off at the mailbox？(教材P39)我在邮箱附近下车吗？
She usually drops the kids off at school on her way to work.她通常在开车上班时顺路把孩子们送到学校。
I dropped off and missed the end of the film.
我打了个盹儿，把影片的结尾给错过了。
My interest in the work has dropped off.
我对那份工作的兴趣已逐渐消失。
drop away 减弱；减少
drop back 落后
drop behind 落后；落在……后面
drop in (on sb.) 拜访(某人)
drop out (of sth.) 不再参加，退出；辍学
The lecture was so dull that soon the audience begin to drop away.
演讲单调乏味，不久，听众就开始陆续离席了。
Learning is like rowing upstream；not to advance is to drop back.
学如逆水行舟，不进则退。
完成句子
①She could feel the tension ________(缓和下来)．
②We cannot afford ________(落后于)our competitors.
③I thought I would ________(顺便看你)while I was passing.
④He ________ (退出了)active politics.
【答案】　①drop away　②to drop behind
③drop in on you　④has dropped out of
6．hang on稍等；不挂断；取决于，坚持不懈，不放弃
Great！Hang on a second.I'll just get my bag.(教材P39)好极了！等会儿，我拿包去。
Hang on to the rail，or you will fall.
抓住栏杆，否则你会摔倒的。
The team's survival in the League hangs on the result of this game.
该队能否继续留在联赛中取决于本场比赛的结果。
hold back 阻挡；隐瞒；抑制，控制(感情等)
hold off 不开始，延迟；推迟
hold out 维持，坚持；抵抗，幸存
hold together (使)保持团结；合乎逻辑，连贯
hold up 支持住；搀扶；举起；抬起；
延迟；阻碍；举出(例子)
She smiled and could not hold back tears of joy.
她笑了起来，禁不住流下喜悦的眼泪。
The doctors hold out little hope of his recovery.
医生们对他的康复不抱多大希望。
完成句子
①Could you ________(推迟)making your decision for a few days?
②We can stay here for as long as our supplies ________(维持)．
③She just managed ________(压住了怒火)．
【答案】　①hold off　②hold out　③to hold back her anger
7．familiar adj.熟悉的；常见的
Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA.(P40)
金丽到美国后不久，她觉得美国的生活方式很熟悉。
The name sounded very familiar to her.
这个名字她听上去很熟悉。
I was now getting much more familiar with the local area.我开始对当地情况有了更多的了解。
sb.be familiar with sth.
sth.be familiar to sb.某物为某人所熟悉
He is familiar with three languages.他通晓三种语言。
Your name is familiar to me.你的名字我很熟悉。
用适当的介词填空
①Perhaps the place looked familiar ________ you because your friend had a picture of it.
②These Indian guests are familiar ________ this book.
【答案】　①to　②with
8．aspect n．方面
When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.(教材P40)第一次到旧金山时，有段时间我觉得很难理解美国人的某些处事方式。
She received a through training in every aspect of the job.
对这项工作的每个环节，她都接受了系统培训。
from every aspect 从各个方面；从各个角度
from all aspects 从所有方面
see the aspect of...看到/了解……的一面
take on a(n)．..aspect 呈现……的样子
in all aspects (在)所有方面
She felt she has looked at the problem from every aspect.她觉得已经从各个角度考虑了这个问题。
The new house is in all aspects better than the old one.
无论从哪一点来看，新屋比老屋好。
　
完成句子
①现在我们再谈这问题的另一个方面。
Now let us turn to ______________________________________________________.
②在我这方面，我没有什么更多要说的。
I have nothing more to say ________.
【答案】　①another aspect of the problem　②in my aspect
9．cautious adj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的
I've always been outgoing but since an embarrassing experience in a New York restaurant I've been much more cautious.(教材P40)我一直是一个外向的人，但是自从在纽约的一家饭店有过一次尴尬的经历后，我就比较小心了。
I should be cautious not to give offence.
我应该小心不要得罪人。
The boss is cautious about making promises.
老板对承诺持谨慎态度。
①be cautious of/about/with sth.对……谨慎的，小心的
be cautious not to do sth.小心不做某事
②cautiously adv.谨慎地；小心地
③caution n．小心，谨慎vt.警告，提醒
with caution小心翼翼
He cautioned the kids not to talk to strange men.
他警告孩子们不要随便和陌生人说话。
We must proceed with caution.
我们必须谨慎行事。
用cautious的适当形式填空
①I must ________you against the danger.
②The boss is ________about making promises.
③The only thing to do is to throw ________to the winds.
④The kids ________played near the road.
【答案】　①caution 　②cautious 　③caution 　④cautiously
10．I was enjoying my dessert and talking to my American friend Janice at the table when_I noticed people staring at us.(教材P40)
我和我的美国朋友詹尼斯正在餐桌前边吃甜点边聊天，突然发现人们在注视着我们。
(1)when在此处为并列连词，意为“这时”，相当于at the time。
I was walking in the park when I came across an old friend.我正在公园散步，这时偶遇到一个老朋友。
when意为“这时”时常用的四个句型：
①sb.was doing...when...
某人正在做……这时……
②sb.was about to do...when...
某人即将做……这时……
③sb.had just done...when...
某人刚做完……这时……
④sb.be on the point of doing...when...
某人正要做某事，这时……
We were about to set off on our way when it suddenly began to rain.
我们正要动身离开的时候，天突然下起雨来。
I was on the point of leaving office when a student came in.我刚要离开办公室，这时一个学生进来了。
完成句子
①他正在做作业，这时他爸爸进来了。
He was doing his homework _____________________________________________.
②他刚睡着电话铃就响了。
He had just drifted off to sleep _____________________________________________.
【答案】　①when his father came in　②when the phone rang
(2)stare at 凝视，盯着看
Don't stare at me in the face.不要盯着我的脸看。
stare/glare/glance
stare
意为“盯，凝视”，指出于好奇、惊讶等原因长时间睁大眼直接注视，常含粗鲁无礼之意；
glare
指“怒目而视”，出于气愤或敌意；
glance
意为“一瞥”，指匆忙中迅速看上一眼。
He didn't shout；he just glared at me silently.
他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。
Glancing at the watch，she told him the time.
她看了一下表，告诉他几点钟了。
用stare，glance，glare的适当形式填空
③The old gentleman just stood there ________ at the pickpocket and did not say a word.
④She ________ around the room before she left.
⑤The policeman ________ at his eyes when questioning him.
【答案】　③glaring　④glanced　⑤stared
11．break into 闯入，破门而入；突然……起来
The burglar broke into the house and Nancy saw him.(教材P41)小偷闯入房子且南茜看见他了。
Last night two thieves broke into the bank and stole the safe.
昨天晚上两个盗贼闯入银行并且偷走了保险柜。
break away from 离开；脱离
break down 打破，毁掉；出毛病；
(身体)垮了；恸哭
break out 突然爆发
break up 拆散，解散；分解，分裂；崩溃
break in 插嘴
break through 突围；突破
The report said that a war will break out.
报道说战争将爆发。
The old ship started to break up because of the storm.由于风暴，这艘旧船开始解体。
【对接高考】
(2012·陕西高考)He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead because the air-conditioning system ________.
A．broke in　　　　　　 B．broke up
C．broke out D．broke down
【解析】　break in打断，闯入；break up结束，散开，分解；break out爆发；break down崩溃，垮掉，出毛病，抛锚。句意：他时不时地停下来擦去额头的汗水，因为空调出毛病了。选D项。
【答案】　D
用适当的介词或副词填空
①If your car breaks ________， just sit tight and wait for the police to come along.
②He predicted that war would break ________in the next few years.
③Police were called in to break ________the meeting.
④The thieves planned to break ________a bank.
【答案】　①down　②out 　③up 　④into
观察下列从Reading选取的句子，体会现在分词的用法。
①My friend went back to his room closing the door behind.
②I noticed people staring at us.
③They didn't seem to hear me saying “No, thank you”．
④What he did was amazing.
[自我总结]　
以上四句均含有动词的现在分词。第①句中现在分词closing在句中作________；第②③句中现在分词在句中作________；第④句中现在分词在句中作________。
【答案】　状语；宾语补足语；表语
现在分词
一、现在分词的构成形式
形式
主动
被动
用法
意义
一般式
doing
being done
指分词的动作和句中谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
表示主动或进行，或既表主动又表进行
完成式
having done
having been done
指分词的动作发生在句中谓语动词所表示的动作之前
The question being discussed is of great importance.
正在被讨论的问题非常重要。
Having been given such a good chance，how could she let it slip away?
既然得到了这么好的机会，她怎么能让它溜走呢？
Not having been cleaned for years，the windows looked very dirty.
由于多年没有擦过，窗子看上去很脏。
【提示】　现在分词的否定式是在-ing前面加not：not doing；not being done；not having done；not having been done。
二、现在分词的句法功能
1．现在分词作状语
现在分词或现在分词短语作状语时，可以表时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、行为方式、伴随状况等。表示时间关系的现在分词短语有时可由连词while或when引导。
Hearing the news，they got excited.(时间)
听到这个消息，他们很激动。
Having been bitten by a snake，she was frightened at it.(原因)因为曾被蛇咬过，所以她很怕蛇。
The cup dropped to the ground，breaking into pieces.(结果)杯子掉到地上，摔成了碎片。
【疑难辨析】
形式
意义
v.-ing(doing)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，且分词表示的动作与句中谓语动词同时发生或基本上同时发生
having＋v.-ed (having done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系，并且分词表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作而发生
having been＋v.-ed (having been done)
与句中主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且分词表示的动作先于谓语动词表示的动作而发生
Taking (＝If you take) the path that leads out of the town, you will come to a dense wood.(条件)如果你沿着通向郊外的路前进，就会走到一片密林处。
Having failed(＝Although he had failed)many times, he didn't lose heart.(让步)
虽然屡次失败，但他没有灰心丧气。
I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.(伴随)
我站在门旁，不敢说一句话。
2．现在分词作定语
现在分词作定语表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态，可以表示正在进行的动作，也可表示经常性的动作或当时的状态。
the girl standing over there(＝the girl who is standing over there)那边站着的那个女孩(现在分词作定语)
a sleeping boy(＝a boy who is sleeping)
在睡觉的男孩(现在分词作定语)
【疑难辨析】
现在分词作定语的差异：现在分词在句中作定语时，不仅存在前置与后置的区别，而且存在状态与时间上的差异。
(1)状态差异
一般说来，前置的现在分词静感强，而后置的现在分词动感强。能前置的现在分词大都是已被形容词化了的现在分词。常见的有exciting，interesting，surprising，puzzling，frightening，amusing等。
The students running along the street are from No.3 Middle School.沿着街跑步的学生来自于第三中学。
He brought us surprising news.
他给我们带来了惊人的消息。
(2)时间差异
a．有些现在分词作定语时表示正在进行的动作，这些分词改为定语从句时宜用进行时态。
Tell the boys playing over there not to make any noise.
→Tell the boys who are playing over there not to make any noise.
叫那些在那儿玩的男孩别弄出响声。
b．有些现在分词作定语时，则表示经常性的动作或现在或当时的状态。此类现在分词改为定语从句时宜用一般现在时态，而不用进行时态，这一点可以从汉语上体现出来。
The temple standing on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.
→The temple which stands on top of the hill was built in the Ming Dynasty.
山顶上的那座寺庙建于明朝。
3．现在分词作表语
作表语的现在分词往往具有形容词的性质，说明主语的某种性质。
The match was so exciting that all the boys cheered both teams at the top of their voice.比赛激动人心，所有的男孩子都扯着嗓门为双方队员欢呼加油。
The teacher's words were greatly inspiring whenever I met with difficulties.
不论我什么时候遇到困难，老师的话都极具感召力。
4．现在分词作宾语补足语
在感官动词(see，hear，watch, feel, notice, observe, keep，find, listen to，look at等)和使役动词(have, get, leave, set等)的宾语后面经常使用现在分词作宾语补足语。宾语与作宾补的现在分词之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系，即宾语是现在分词动作的发出者。
I saw him playing basketball just now.
我刚刚还看见他在打篮球呢。
Don't have the students studying all day.
不要让学生整天学习。
【疑难辨析】
leave后接三种形式作宾补时，其中的leave保留了原来之意“留下 ”，但表达的确切之意应是“使……处于某种状态”。
leave
He left，leaving me doing all the rest work.
他走了，留下我一个人去做剩余的所有工作。
We hurriedly ended our meeting，leaving many problems unsettled.
我们匆匆忙忙地结束了会议，留下了很多问题未解决。
It's wrong of you to leave the machine running.
你让机器一直开着是不对的。
三、现在分词的独立结构
现在分词可有其独立的逻辑主语，这个主语常常是名词或代词，置于现在分词之前，两者构成分词的独立结构。现在分词的独立结构常作状语，置于句首或句末，偶尔也置于句中。
The bell ringing，the children all stopped talking.
铃声一响，孩子们都不说话了。
The river having risen in the night，the crossing was impossible.夜里河水上涨，渡河不可能了。
Weather permitting，we'll have an outing tomorrow.
要是天气许可的话，我们明天就去郊游。
The teacher came in，his hand carrying a book.
老师手里拿着书进来了。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·陕西高考)The witnesses________by the police just now gave very different descriptions of the fight.
A．questioned　　　　　　 B．being questioned
C．to be questioned D．having questioned
【解析】　句意：刚才被警察问询的证人对打架作出了不同的描述。该题考查的是非谓语动词作后置定语。那些证人是“被问询”的，所以要用question的被动形式，故可以排除D；由句中的just now和gave very different descriptions不难得知“问询”这一动作发生过了，所以要用动词的过去分词作定语；B项表示“正在被问询”；而C项则表示“将要被问询”，动作还没发生；所以B、C两项均不符合题意。
【答案】　A
2．(2013·江苏高考)Shortly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins，the city took on a new look.
A．reducing B．reduced
C．being reduced D．having reduced
【解析】　句意：在遭受大地震，沦为废墟之后不久，这座城市就呈现出了新的面貌。shortly after在……之后不久，引导时间状语。after在此可视为介词，后接动名词作其宾语。根据短语reduce the city to ruins(使城市沦为废墟)可知，逻辑主语the city与reduce构成被动关系，排除A、D两项；而and连接两个并列成分，根据suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins中suffering的形式，可确定答案为being reduced。
【答案】　C
3．(2013·辽宁高考)Laura was away in Paris for over a week.When she got home，there was a pile of mail ________ for her.
A．waited B．to wait
C．waiting D．was waiting
【解析】　句意：劳拉去了巴黎一个多星期。当她到家时，有一堆邮件正等着她。分析句子结构可知，空格处用作后置定语修饰mail，因为mail与wait之间为主动关系，且wait的动作不是发生在将来，故不用不定式而用现在分词结构。D项若改为which/that was waiting也正确，这样可构成定语从句修饰mail，但是作为从句主语的关系代词不可省去。
【答案】　C
4．(2012·江苏高考)________ an important decision more on emotion than on reason，you will regret it sooner or later.
A．Based B．Basing
C．Base D．To base
【解析】　句意：凭借情感而不是理智作重要决定，你迟早会后悔的。本题中既无从属连词又无并列连词，由此可见设空处为非谓语动词作状语。C项是谓语动词形式，如选C项，需在“you will...”前加并列连词and，构成“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”。主语you与base之间为逻辑上的主动关系，所以排除A项。D项表目的，不符合题意，所以排除。Basing an important decision...相当于If you base an important decision...
【答案】　B
5．(2012·辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ them.
A．to follow B．following
C．followed D．follows
【解析】　句意：这对老夫妇经常晚饭后在公园散步，他们的宠物狗跟着他们。首先排除D项。在with复合结构中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语their pet dog与follow是主动关系，排除C项。A项不定式常表示将要发生的事情，不符合题意。
【答案】　B
6．(2012·上海高考)“Genius”is a complicated concept，________ many different factors.
A．involved B．involving
C．to involve D．being involved
【解析】　句意：“天才”是很复杂的概念，涉及许多不同因素。空格处的非谓语动词和逻辑主语concept之间为主动关系，其后又有宾语many different factors，故排除表示被动的A项和D项；C项通常表示目的或意想不到的结果，不符合句意，也被排除。B项为正确答案。
【答案】　B
7．(2012·大纲全国卷Ⅰ)The party will be held in the garden，weather ________.
A．permitting B．to permit
C．permitted D．permit
【解析】　句意：如果天气允许，派对将会在花园里举行。逗号前为一个完整句子，逗号之后应该为状语，分析句子结构可知此处为独立主格结构。名词weather与permit之间为主动关系，故用现在分词形式。
【答案】　A
8．(2012·全国Ⅱ)Tony lent me the money，________ that I'd do as much for him.
A．hoping B．to hope
C．hoped D．having hoped
【解析】　句意：托尼借钱给我，希望我为他多做些事。首先排除C项，如选C项，需在设空处前加and。根据上下文可知设空处作伴随状语，故答案为A项。B项常作目的状语，故被排除。D项having hoped表示该动作先于lent这一动作发生，不符合句意要求，故也被排除。
【答案】　A
9．(2012·天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office，________ the breakfast untouched.
A．left B．to leave
C．leaving D．having left
【解析】　句意：他起晚了，然后匆忙赶到办公室，早饭根本没动。根据句子结构可知此处用现在分词leaving作结果状语。A项改为and left才正确；B项表目的及将来含义；D项表示该动作先于谓语动词动作发生。
【答案】　C
10．(2012·福建高考)Pressed from his parents，and ________ that he has wasted too much time，the boy is determined to stop playing video games.
A．realizing B．realized
C．to realize D．being realized
【解析】　句意：由于来自父母的压力，而且意识到自己已经浪费太多时间了，那个男孩决心停止玩电子游戏。逻辑主语the boy与动词realize之间为主动关系，所以排除B和D项。根据语境可知非谓语动词在句中作原因状语，而不是表目的，所以排除C项，答案为A项。
【答案】　A
Ⅱ.单句改错
1．This winter the weather of the south is quite disappointed.
________________________________________________________________________
2．The car repaired now in the garage was made in Germany thirty years ago.
________________________________________________________________________
3．Seeing the film before, I'll stay at home to do some reading.
________________________________________________________________________
4．The building is facing east is our biology laboratory.
________________________________________________________________________
5．She went back home, and dropped herself on the couch, felt depressed about her failure in business.
________________________________________________________________________
6．Walked in the street，I saw him wandering before a shop window.
________________________________________________________________________
7．A terrible hurricane struck the area，having made thousands of people homeless.
________________________________________________________________________
8．With winter comes，it gets colder and colder.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.disappointed→disappointing　2.repaired→being repaired　3.Seeing→Having seen　4.is facing→facing　5.felt→feeling　6.Walked→Walking　7.having made→making　8.comes→coming
Period ⅣThe New Australians & Communication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．通过学案中所给出的重点词汇的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些词汇。
2．通过对这些知识点的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
3．借助本学案写作提升的讲解，让学生用英语写一封私人信件，逐步提升学生用英语写应用文的能力。
●教学地位
本课时讲解的知识点是以教材重点词汇和句式出现的先后顺序依次呈现的。通过一篇相关话题的写作训练(思路点拨→词汇热身→句式温习→连句成篇)，一步一步地教会学生如何写出一篇地道的文章。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
每一位同学都会在日常生活中接触到多样的地域文化，结合各自不同的生活习惯和生活背景，让同学们各自表达对自己独特地域文化的感受，共同探讨这些地域文化给他们的生活带来的影响和变化。
●教学流程设计
→导入新课。→学生快速阅读课文?课本第42页?并根据学案所设置的“语篇理解”问题做出选择?见学案第67页?。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　老师布置作业：让学生完成课本第84页第3题，第85页阅读理解。让学生自学学案Period Ⅴ的内容，然后做“单元归纳提升”部分?见学案第74页?。
Ⅰ.语篇理解
阅读P42的Reading部分，选取最佳答案
1．“Countries of the World” is most probably________.
A．a fashion show
B．a skill show
C．a talk show
2．Both George and Fiona________.
A．were born in Australia
B．are originated from Europe
C．are living in big cities
3．What can we know about kangaroos according to George?
A．There are kangaroos living in Melbourne.
B．They mainly live in the middle of Australia.
C．They are among the most dangerous animals in the world.
4．If you're traveling in the desert areas of Australia，you will________.
A．find diamond and coal
B．see many people living there
C．probably meet groups of kangaroos
5．From the last part of the conversation，we can infer________.
A．the native Australians have been treated unfairly
B．the native Australians speak their own language
C．the Australian government pays no attention to the native Australians
【答案】　1－5　C B B C A
Ⅱ.经典句子
1．That's why surfing is such a popular sport.
那就是冲浪之所以成为一项如此普及的体育运动的原因。
2．They are now a minority group and most of them live in terrible conditions while the rest of us are quite well-off.
他们现在是少数群体，大部分人住在恶劣的环境中，而我们这些人却很富足。
3．I wonder if they'll ever forgive the way they've been treated.
我在想，他们是否会原谅人们对待他们的方式呢？
1．At first，we didn't feel we belong here，but now we are attached to the land we live on.(教材P42)起初，我们并不认为自己应该在这里，但是现在我们已与赖以生存的土地紧紧联系在一起了。
(1)belong属于
You shouldn't take what doesn't belong to you.
你不该拿不属于你的东西。
①belonging n．归属
②belongings n．动产，财物，携带的物品
a sense of belonging归属感
③belong to sb.属于某人，归某人所有
belong to sth.是(俱乐部、组织等)的成员，是(某族类或纲目)的一部分
They belonged to a younger generation.
他们属于年轻的一代。
This lid belongs to this jar.
这个盖子是配这个坛子的。
【提示】　belong不能用进行时，也没有含被动意味的过去分词，无被动语态。
完成句子
①她将全部东西都装进了一只手提箱。
She packed __________________into a suitcase.
②家庭无论对年轻人还是老年人都意味着某种归属。
The family means ________________to people, young or old.
【答案】　①all her belongings 　②a sense of belonging
(2)attach v．装上；贴上；系上(后接to)；使依附；使附属(后接to)
He'll attach the label to your luggage.
他会把标签贴在你的行李上。
This school is attached to the medical firm nearby.
这所学校附属于附近的那所医药公司。
attach oneself to 依附；参加(党派等)；依恋，热爱
be/become attached to 附属于……；依恋……
attach sth.to sth.把某物附在某物上
attach importance/value (to sth.)
认为(某物)有重要性/价值
He attached himself to me at the party and I couldn't get rid of him.
在聚会上他老是缠着我，我简直无法摆脱他。
We all attach great value to the picture.
我们都认为这幅画有很大的价值。
翻译句子
③We've grown very attached to this house and would hate to move.
________________________________________________________________________
④A copy of my resume(简历) is attached to this letter.
________________________________________________________________________
⑤He attached labels to all his bags.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　③我们十分留恋这座房子，真舍不得搬家。
④随信附上我的简历。
⑤他在所有的袋子上都贴上标签。
2．population n. 人口(数量)，(全体)居民
The early settlers were mostly English and Irish，but since 1945，the population has become more and more mixed with people from Southern Europe and Asia.(教材P42)
早期的移民大多是英国人和爱尔兰人，但是从1945年以来，人口中越来越多地混入了南欧人和亚洲人。
What's the population of the country?
这个国家有多少人口？
India has a population of more than 1 billion.
印度人口不止10亿。
①population表示人口的数量，指一个国家或地区的居民数目，在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数；当前面有分数或百分数时，指一个国家或地区的部分居民，谓语动词多用复数。
②表示人口“多或少”不用many和few，而用large和small。
③对population提问用what，而不用 how many或how much。
The population of Canada is about 29 million.
加拿大的人口(数)约为2 900万。
About eighty percent of the population of this country are peasants.这个国家大约80%的人口是农民。
完成句子
①This city ________________(有人口)more than/over 1,000,000.
②He can't tell ___________________________________(他的国家有多少人)．
③The population of China is ______________(比其他任何国家的人口都多)in the world.
【答案】　①has a population of 　②what the population of his country is　③larger than that of any other country
3．vast adj. 巨大的；广阔的
You mainly see kangaroos in the vast area of desert in the middle of Australia.(教材P42)你主要能在澳大利亚中部广阔的沙漠中看到袋鼠。
A vast crowd turned out to watch the match.
大量的观众到场观看比赛。
The Pacific Ocean is a vast expanse of water.
太平洋是一片广袤的水域。
vast/huge/large/big
vast
指幅员辽阔或面积广大，着重在面积上，而不在体积上。
huge
指体积大得难以用普通的方法计量。可指具体的实物，也可指抽象的事物。
large
强调远远超过标准的大，指体积、面积、容积、数量之大。
big
指具体事物的大小，强调比正常形体的标准大，既可用在普通场合，也可用在正式场合。
A man with a large family needs a large house.
有一大家庭的人需要一所大房子。
用vast，huge，large，big填空
①________waves drove the ship onto the rocks.
②________areas of land have become desert.
③He knocked a ________hole in the wall.
④He has a ________amount of mail to answer every day.
【答案】　①Huge　②Vast　③big　④large
4．That's why surfing is such a popular sport.(教材P42)这就是冲浪为什么是流行运动的原因。
That's why...意为“这是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
The spring here is famous.That's why I come here.
这里的泉水很出名。这就是我来此地的理由。
That's why...“这是……的原因”，why后接结果。
That's because...“这是因为……”，because 后接原因。
I come here.That's because the spring here is famous.
我来到此地。那是因为这里的泉水很出名。
完成句子
①My car broke down halfway.That's________(我来晚的原因)．
②I was late.That's ____________(因为我的车半路抛锚了)．
【答案】　①why I was late　②because my car broke down halfway
5．contrary adj.相反的
Contrary to popular belief，Australia is not a dull place at all for people wanting culture.(教材P42)
同一般人们的认识相反，对在文化方面有需求的人来说，澳大利亚不是一个枯燥的地方。
“Black”and “white”are contrary terms.
黑和白是两个相对的概念。
be contrary to与……相反
quite the contrary 恰恰相反
to the contrary相反
on the contrary(adv.)正相反，相反地，反之
There is a rumour to the contrary.
有一个相反的谣言。
—Have you finished？你做完了吗？
—On the contrary，I have not yet begun.
正相反，我还没有开始。
on the contrary/on the other hand
on the contrary
用来表示完全不赞同别人刚刚说过的事。
on the other hand
用来表示另一方面不同的事实。
　—Is it cold？天冷吗？
—On the contrary, it's hot.刚好相反，天气很热。
It's cold，but on the other hand, it's not snowing.
天很冷，可是倒没有下雪。
【对接高考】
(2012·江西高考)He seems to be giving the impression that he didn't enjoy himself in Paris.________，he had a wonderful time.
A．Above all　　　　　　 B．What's more
C．As a result D．On the contrary
【解析】　above all最重要的是；what's more更重要的是；as a result结果是；on the contrary恰恰相反。前后两个句子表示的意思相反，因此选择D项。句意：他好像给人一种他在巴黎玩得不愉快的印象。恰恰相反，他玩得非常愉快。
【答案】　D
用on the contrary, on the other hand 填空
①He is not poor；____________， he is a millionaire.
②On one hand, I have no time; ______________， I have no money.
【答案】　①on the contrary　②on the other hand
6．broad adj.涉及各种各样的事物/人的；广泛的
And in Sydney, you'll find a broad choice of opera, drama, classical concerts, rock concerts—there's too much choice really！(教材P42)在悉尼，你会发现有各种各样的选择——歌剧、戏剧、古典音乐会、摇滚音乐会——选择真是太多了！
Students here study a broad range of subjects.
这儿的学生学习各种各样的科目。
There is a broad support for the government's new policy.政府的新政策得到了广泛的支持。
broad adj.
breadth n．广泛；宽度
broaden v．变宽；拓宽
He is tall, broad and muscular.
他高大体宽，肌肉发达。
This street is fifty meters broad.这条街道有50米宽。
broad/wide
broad
侧重于幅面的宽广，如肩、背、胸、额等。
wide
侧重于两线之间的宽，如两岸间河宽，眼睛睁得大等。
用broad的适当形式填空
①The show aims to reach the ________ possible audience.
②The boat measured fifteen feet in length and four feet in ________.
③I want to ________ the discussion to other aspects of the problem.
【答案】　①broadest　②breadth　③broaden
7．bear vt.(bore, borne)容忍，承受；生育 n. 熊
I can't bear the way the native Australians have been treated.(教材P42)
我不能容忍对待澳大利亚土著人的方式。
The ice is too thin to bear your weight.
冰太薄，承受不住你的重量。
She has borne two children.
她已生了两个孩子。
【提示】　bear的过去分词有两种形式，当作“出生”和表示“天生的、生来就……”时要用born；当表示“忍耐、承担”或“(妇女)生育”时用borne。
bear doing/to do 忍受/容忍做某事
bear with忍耐，忍受
stand doing 容忍干某事
put up with 容忍；忍受
tolerate doing sth.容忍干某事
I can't bear to see her cry.＝I can't bear se