【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版必修五教师用书Unit 14　Careers

Unit 14　Careers
【美文阅读】　
你想享受成功的快乐与满足吗？阅读下面的文章能帮你圆了你的成功梦！
The Road to Success
All people want to be successful as the Edison，Newton，Keynes，etc.However，do you know the exact way to the success? Here are some acceptable pieces of advice.
Firstly，just as the saying goes，“Nothing is too difficult if you put your heart into it”．The confidence is the most important part while entering the success-building.In order to hold a boost(激励)to your spirit，you should say，“I can do it well.I'm the first” to yourself every morning，which is helpful before taking action.If you are confident，you will have succeeded in half.So keep the saying firmly in mind “Where there is a will，there is a way”．
Secondly，take well-preparation for whatever you will do.As we know that，“A good beginning makes a good ending.” So，well-preparation makes you confident.So you could deal with everything smoothly.For instance，you could make a list written what you will do.Then pay more attention to those which are more important and think about shortcut to get twice the result with half the effort.
Thirdly，perseverance(坚持，毅力)is the essential part.It means that: “If at first you don't succeed，try，try again.” Generally speaking，the harder you worked，the luckier you got.So，having great endurance(忍耐力)makes you believe that the hard is really not hard as you thought before.When you fall into the trouble，you should say，“I must persist with that.I must keep pace with the hardship.I couldn't bow down.” And then，you may become more confident by leaps and bounds(飞快地)．This rule holds true for many cases in your life.
In addition，positive attitudes towards many kinds of things and a good education as well as a good health are also what you need.
To sum up，the great confidence，the well-preparation and the perseverance build up the success-building.From my single view，it's the road to success.
【诱思导学】　
1．What is the most important factor of the road to success?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．What factors to success are needed in addition to confidence?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.Confidence is the most important factor.　2.Well-preparation，perseverance，positive attitude，a good education and a good health are also the factors to success.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元是让学生初步了解将来走向社会后择业的重要性及择业方法，通过本文的学习会给学生留下非常深刻的印象。尽管现阶段学生的任务是在校学习，但是通过本节的教学，让学生了解他们现在课堂知识汲取的理论是为以后踏上社会进行实践的基础，同时为以后事业的选择和发展做出铺垫。俗话说“万事开头难。”那么就通过老师的智慧，让他们提前了解一下社会吧。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
用多媒体向学生展示2～3分钟的视频，其内容是关于当今社会飞快发展下的择业压力及择业后有所建树的商业巨子，如淘宝网创始人马云的成功经历和感想……
●教学流程设计
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(对应学生用书第26页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读Your Choice完成下列表格
Everybody's good at something
To help a friend with a problem of writing a plot 1.________.
Help her after school.Phone you if she need 3.________.
Give her a model and tell her some helpful books.
Suggest her some ways.
Tell her to make a 4.________.
Your boss ask you to repair a pump.
Ask the villagers for 5.________.
Choose a suitable job.
Improve the 6.________of the pump.
Arrange the jobs 7.________and do the hardest to set a good example.
You got lost in the forest on a 2.______ day.
To calm the worried teammates.
Keep calm.
Tell stories while 8.________.
Take charge of the situation.
To prepare a short play.
Offer to 9.________and help others.
Organise something.
Think of 10.________of the play.
Offer to direct it.
【答案】　1.summary　2.snowy　3.guidance　4.timetable　5.advice　6.design　7.properly　8.waiting　9.take part　10.topic
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P22的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Why should you get your friend make a timetable?
A．It can save time for her.
B．It can make her finish it on time.
C．It can help her find some useful books.
2．When you are asked to help the villagers repair the pump，why should you choose the hardest job?
A．Because no one wants to do it.
B．Because I can set a good example for others.
C．Because it is hard to find workers for it.
3．Why the coach got hurt during the school trip?
A．Because a deer ran across the road.
B．Because they got lost.
C．Because the road was slippery.
4．If you are psychologist(心理学家)，which job mentioned in the text is suitable for you?
A．1　　　　　B．2　　　　　C．3　　　　　
5．If you are having problems writing a plot summary for a book report which help do you prefer?
A．Help you after school.
B．Give you a model paragraph to prefer to.
C．Suggest way to write a clear accurate summary.
【答案】　1.B　2.B　3.A　4.C　5.C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
a plot summary；give aid to；set an example；calm；aid；how to；model paragraph；certain；take charge of；keep calm
The passage mainly shows you 1.________find the right job for yourself.If one of your friends asks for your help on how to write 2.________or a book report，you could give her a 3.________，some advice and tell her some useful books' names.If your boss asks your team to 4.________ other people，you may tell everyone in your team to do 5.________jobs，and try your best to 6.________for them.But if something happens you first 7.________the situation，keeping calm during your journey and try to get some help to 8.____________others down.In a word，no matter what happens in your life，you must make yourself 9.________first then try to make a quick and correct decision，and at the same time，try to get other people to 10.________your decision.
【答案】　1.how to　2.a plot summary　3.model paragraph　4.give aid to　5.certain　6.set an example　7.take charge of　8.calm　9.keep calm　10.aid
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．summary　　　A．help；assistance
2．casual B．ask an amount as a price；responsible possession
3．consult C. mistake；thing done wrongly
4．reward D．brief statement of the main points of sth.
5．quarrel E. angry argument or disagreement
6．aid F. refer to；look up
7．charge G．something given or received in return for work or services
8．error H. informal
【答案】　1—8　DHFGEABC
Ⅱ.短语填空
at all times；rather than；take charge of；take part in；set an example；give aid to；run across；calm down1.She arrived at the office early to________to the others.
2．We will have the meeting in the classroom________in the hall.
3．The landscape of the West Lake is more beautiful than any other lake________.
4．John will__________the meeting while his manager is away on holiday next week.
5．I________an old friend in the supermarket the next day.
6．Rich countries should________developing countries.
【答案】　1.set an example　2.rather than　3.at all times
4．take charge of　5.ran across　6.give aid to
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Make sure they know what_to_do.
确保他们明确自己该干什么。
2．So_far，nothing has_been_done and there are only ten days until the performance.离表演只剩下10天了，但到目前为止，什么都还没有做。
3．Listen rather_than speak—learn as_much_as_possible about your job and the company.听而不是说——尽可能多学与你的工作和公司有关的知识。
4．Keep your desk tidy at all times.
让你的桌子始终保持整洁。Period ⅡWarm-up & Your Choice
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
4．通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写求职信，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
5．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，熟练掌握直接引语和间接引语转换的用法。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。另外，让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
As we all know，with the development of society, it is very difficult for a number of graduates to find their ideal jobs, let alone they want to gain great achievements in careers. However, in our competitive society some people have become great successes. Now class, do you tell us a success who is familiar to you? (老师让×××同学读一读他/她写的短文。)
●教学流程设计
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(对应学生用书第28页)
1．reward n．奖赏 vt.奖赏；酬谢；报答
The old lady is offering a reward of D|S50 to anyone who finds her cat for her！(教材P21)
老太太为能给她找到猫的人悬赏50美元！
I give myself a reward or treat when I do well in English.当自己的英文学得不错时，我就给自己奖赏或好好吃一顿。
How can I reward you for your kindness?
我如何酬谢你的好意呢？
as a reward for作为(对某事的)报酬
give/offer a reward to sb.for sth.
为某事而给某人报酬
in reward for...为报答……
reward sb.with/for sth.为某事报答某人
He was given a medal as a reward for his service.
他因其服务获得一枚奖章。
His effort was rewarded with remarkable success.
辉煌的成就是对他辛勤努力的回报。
She got nothing in reward for her kindness.
她的好心未得到报答。
award/reward/prize
award
多用于奖项名称，并不指具体的奖品；表示概念、荣誉上的奖
reward
因某种善举、工作努力等而得到的奖励或报酬；悬赏金
prize
多指在各类竞赛、竞争或抽奖获得的奖品或奖金
His movie won several awards at the film festival.
他的电影在电影节上获得了几个奖项。
We will offer a reward of ten thousand yuan for information about the case.如果有人 提供有关案件的情报，我们愿意出一万元赏金。
In this competition you could win a prize worth $3,000.
在这次比赛中，你可能会赢得价值3000美元的奖品。
选词填空：reward/award/prize
①He was nominated(提名)for the best actor ________.
②She won the first ________ in the 100-meter race.
③It is said that the police have offered a(n) ________ for information.
【答案】　①award　②prize　③reward
2．charge vt.收费，要价；控告 n．负责；掌管
Lawyers charge higher fees than doctors.(教材P21)
律师的服务费要价比医生高。
He only charged me half price.他只收我半价。
Calls will be charged at 44p per minute.
电话费是每分钟44便士。
charge sb.with sth.指控某人做某事
charge sb.for (doing) sth.
因(做)某事向某人索价/要价
in the charge of...在……掌管之下
free of charge免费
take charge of接管；控制
in charge of负责；主管
He was charged with murder.
他被指控有谋杀罪。
All goods are delivered free of charge.
一切物品免费送货。
He took charge of the farm after his father's death.
父亲去世后，他掌管了农场。
【提示】　in charge of往往以人作主语，指“某人负责/主管某事”；in the charge of往往以物作主语，指“某物由某人负责/主管”。类似用法的还有in possession of，in the possession of；in control of，in the control of等。
①你认为进公园应该收费吗？
Do you think parks should ________ admission?
②所有商品免费送货。
All goods are delivered ________.
③李老师负责我们的英语课，张老师负责我们的语言课。
Mr.Li is ________ our English class and our Chinese class is ________ Mr.Zhang.
【答案】　①charge for　②free of charge　③in charge of；in the charge of
3．guidance n．指导；领导
Tell her to phone you if she needs any more guidance.(教材P22)告诉她如果需要更多指导可以给你打电话。
Thanks for your support and guidance in this job.
谢谢您在工作上给予我的支持和指导。
We can already offer some guidance based on past experience.根据以往经验，我们可以归纳出一些指导原则。
guidance＋on/about...关于……的指导
under sb's guidance在某人的指导下
I went to a career counselor for guidance on how to start my job search.
我到一位就业顾问那里求教如何开始找工作。
Activities all take place under the guidance of an experienced tutor.所有活动都在经验丰富的导师指导下进行。
完成句子
①在他的指导下，我们顺利完成了工作。
____________ we finished the work smoothly.
②他从老师那里获得了一些有关如何选专业的指导。
He got some ____________ how to choose his major from his teacher.
【答案】　①Under his guidance　②guidance on/about
4．aid n．援助；帮助 v．帮助
You are working for an institute that gives aid to the poor in a small village.(教材P22)
你在一家给某个小山村的穷人提供援助的机构工作。
I hope this book will be great aid to English writing.
我希望这本书对英文写作大有帮助。
This feature is designed to aid inexperienced users.
这个特色装置是为帮助没有经验的用户而设计的。
first aid 急救
in aid of...为帮助……
come to one's aid 帮某人的忙
with/without the aid of...＝with/without one's aid
在/在没有……的帮助下
aid sb.to do sth.(＝aid sb.in/with sth.)
帮助某人做某事
They all came to my aid yesterday.
他们昨天都来帮助我了。
With the aid of my English teacher，I have made great progress this term.在我的英语老师的帮助下，这个学期我取得了很大进步。
They aided in solving the problem.
他们帮助解决这个问题。
完成句子
①这项工作不用计算机是不行的。
This job would be impossible________a computer.
②他们看见他有困难，便过来帮忙。
They saw he was in difficulty and__________.
③为帮助洪涝灾区，举行了一场音乐会以筹集善款。
A concert was given to raise money________the flooded areas.
【答案】　 ①without the aid of　②came to his aid
③in aid of
5．Make sure they know what_to_do.(教材P22)
确保他们知道做什么。
句型：“疑问词＋动词不定式”结构。
注意此结构中疑问词的选择可依据此疑问句在句中充当的成分而定，如疑问代词what，who，whom，which，whose等一般充当句子的主语、宾语或定语；疑问副词when，where，how等一般充当句的状语。“疑问句＋不定式”结构在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语或双重宾语等成分。
When to leave hasn't been decided yet.
何时动身尚未决定。
We must know what to do next.
我们必须知道(明确)下一步该做什么。
完成句子
①我的问题是在哪里能找到答案。
My question is________________.
②她不知道先读哪本书。
She had no idea________________.
③我们可以告诉你在哪儿能买到这本书。
We can tell you________________.
【答案】　①where to find the answer　②which book to read first　③where to buy this book
6．run across跑过，穿越，横跨；偶然遇到，不期而遇
You are on a school trip and the coach has an accident when a deer runs across the road.(教材P22)
在一次学校组织的旅游中，长途车在躲闪一只跑着穿过马路的鹿时出了事故。
This road runs across the plain.
这条路穿越了平原。
I ran across an old friend last week.
上星期我偶然碰见了一个老朋友。
I ran across some old love letters while I was clearing out a cupboard.
我在清理柜子时偶然发现了一些旧情书。
①run after追逐
run away逃跑；跑掉
run down撞死；撞伤
run into使(车辆)撞在……上；偶然遇到
run out用完；耗尽
run out of用光；用完
②“偶然相遇”的多种表达方式
If you run after two hares，you will catch neither.
同时追两只兔子，一只也抓不住。
Lose in thought，he almost ran into the car in front of him.因为陷入沉思，他几乎撞上了前面的汽车。
He has run out of his money this month.
本月他花光了身上所有的钱。
用run相关短语填空
①Our food will soon ________.
②I ________an old friend in the street.
③His car ________ the post.
【答案】　①run out　②ran across　③ran into
7．error n．错误
Check for errors，please.(教材P23)请检查错误。
Then read it to someone else to see if they can find any errors.然后把它读给其他人，看是否能找到错误。
She went through the typescript carefully to eliminate all errors from it.
她认真地检查了打字稿，排除了所有的错误。
by error 错误地
fall into an error 误入歧途；犯错误
in error 弄错了地；错误地
make an error出差错；犯错误
commit an error 出差错；犯错误
He fell into a serious error by carelessness.
由于粗心他犯了一个严重的错误。
I did it in error.我误做了此事。
error/mistake/fault
error
强调“违反某一既定标准，不经心而做了错事，产生偏差、疏忽或行动上的错误”。
mistake
指“由于粗心、不注意或在理解、认识或判断上的不正确而造成行动或看法上的错误，有时这种错误是无意的”。
fault
指“过失的责任或性格上的弱点”。
The accident was caused by human error，not by a fault in the machine.
这次事故是人为疏失，而不是因为机器的故障。
The most common mistake young people make is not investing.年轻人常常犯的错误就是没去投资。
A fault confessed is half redressed.
承认错误就等于改正一半。
用error，fault，mistake的适当形式填空
①She made an________in judgment.
②I used your pen by________.
③It's your________that we didn't finish the work on time.
【答案】　①error　②mistake　③fault
8．consult vt.请教；查阅
He should consult Mr.Jensen about the new account on the 24th.(教材P23)
他应该向延森先生咨询24日的最新报道。
If the pain continues，consult your doctor.
如果疼痛持续不消退，要请医生诊治。
Have you consulted a dictionary？你查过词典了吗？
consult sb.about sth.就某事向某人请教
consult sth.(＝refer to sth.)查阅(字典等)
consult with sb.与某人商量(事情)；与某人磋商
consult with oneself暗自考虑
She consulted a lawyer about her divorce.
她向律师请教有关她离婚的事。
He consulted with his business partners about the matter.他与商业合伙人商议了这件事。
【教师备课资源】　
consultancy n．咨询公司
consultant n．顾问，会诊医师
consultation n．咨询，商讨；商讨会；查阅
“查词典”的表达形式：consult a dictionary/look up sth.in a dictionary/turn to a dictionary/refer to a dictionary。
完成句子
①你咨询过医生你头疼的问题了吗？
Have you ________ the doctor ________ your headache?
②我需要和我的同事商讨这些建议。
I need to ________ my colleges ________ the proposals.
【答案】　①consulted；about　②consult with；about/on
9．send...off...将……寄出/发出；给……送行；派遣
Mary mustn't send the charts off before I come back.(教材P23)在我回来之前，玛丽不得将图表寄出。
I'll send the information off today.
我会在今天把资料寄出。
We should send all these parcels off by noon.
这些包裹应该在中午以前全部寄出。
send away 派/遣(某人)；开除，解雇
send for 派人去叫(拿)；邮购
send out(of)派出；派遣；发出(信号)；寄出；发出
send round 传递；传阅；把……送达；派遣
He sent his daughter away to school in England.
他将女儿送到英国读书。
I'll send for a taxi.我差人去叫出租车吧。
She sent the children out so that the house might be quiet.
她把孩子们打发到外面，以使屋内可以安静些。
【教师备课资源】　
send back 寄回；退回
send down 降下；下发文件、信件
send forth 发出；寄出
send up 发射；升起
用send的短语填空
①The sun ________light and heat.
②Her mother was ill and she ________ a doctor.
③His servant was ________.
【答案】　①sends out　②sent for　③sent away
10．rather than而不是
listen rather than speak—learn as much as possible about your job and the company(教材P23)与其多说不如聆听——尽可能多地了解你的工作和公司的情况
I would die rather than give in.我宁死不屈。
I preferred to go home rather than go to the cinema.
我宁愿回家也不愿去电影院。
①rather than用作连词，连接两个平行结构。
它构成的句型结构：
prefer to do...rather than do...
宁可做……而不愿意做……
would do...rather than do...
宁可做……而不愿意做……
would rather do...than do...
宁可做……而不愿意做……
②rather than用作介词，与instead of同义。
③A rather than B　作主语时，谓语要与A在人称、数上保持一致。
I prefer to get up early rather than go to school without breakfast.我宁可早起也不愿意不吃早饭上学。
He rather than you is wrong.
是他而不是你错了。
【教师备课资源】　
other than除了……，除……以外，常用于否定句中，相当于except，but等
or rather更确切地说
would rather sb.did...宁愿某人做……(表示现在或将来的愿望)
would rather sb.had done宁愿某人做了……(表示过去的愿望)
完成句子
①我宁愿待在家里不愿意去看电影。
I preferred to stay at home ________________.
②是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我们。
We should help him ________________.
【答案】　①rather than go to the cinema　②rather than he should help us
11．keep your desk tidy at_all_times.(教材P23)让你的桌子始终保持整洁。
(1)句中含有“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补由形容词tidy充当。“keep＋宾语＋ 宾补”结构意为“使……处于某种状态”。宾补可由现在分词(表示动作或状态的持续)、过去分词(表示被动和状态的持续)、形容词、副词以及介宾短语充当。
I'm sorry that I have kept you waiting for long.
对不起，让你久等了。
The other students in the class kept their eyes closed.
班上的其他学生闭着眼睛。
Don't keep the door open.别让门开着。
Don't keep us in suspense—what happened next?
别跟我们卖关子了——接下来发生了什么事？
My mother always keeps me at home on Saturday evening.周六晚上妈妈总是让我待在家里。
【对接高考】　
(2011·重庆高考)Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself________of his own dreams.
A．reminding　　　　　　　　B．to remind
C．reminded D．remind
【解析】　考查“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构，因为himself与remind之间是动宾关系，所以用reminded。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①大家必须保持衣服干净。
Everyone must__________________.
②对有些病人来说，药物可以让他们维持生命。
For some patients，medicine can______________.
③冬天我把窗子都关上。
I__________________in winter.
④别让那个男孩一直站在外面。
Don't__________________outside.
【答案】　①keep your clothes clean　②keep them alive
③keep the windows closed　④keep the boy standing(2)at all times时常；总是；随时
keep your desk tidy at all times(教材P23)
始终使你的书桌保持整洁
Joan is working hard at all times.
珍妮一直很用功。
I'll be at your service at all times.
我愿意随时为您效劳。
all the time总是；一直
at any time在任何时候
at a time一次；每次
at no time 决不
at times有时；不时
at the same time 同时；不过；然而
At no time in his life has he been braver than in that case.他一生中从未像那回那样勇敢。
I'm getting exercise，and I'm enjoying it at the same time.
我做着运动，同时，享受着其中的乐趣。
At times he thought of his grandpa who passed away.
有时他想起过世的爷爷。
【教师备课资源】　
at one time 曾经；一度
form time to time 不时；
take one's time 不要急；慢慢来
in no time 立刻；马上
用time的短语填空
⑤Most traffic lights work________.
⑥________I make mistakes when I speak English.
⑦You may use my dictionary________.
⑧We must be ready________to fight off the enemy's attacks.
【答案】　⑤all the time　⑥at times　⑦at any time　⑧at all times
12．quarrel vi.争吵；吵架
don't quarrel with anyone(教材P23)不要和任何人争吵
A struggling man should have no time to quarrel with others.努力向上的人，应当没有时间和人吵架。
The couples would quarrel with each other when they have different opinions，or different interests.当这些夫妻们有了不同的意见或兴趣时，他们就会争吵起来。
quarrel with...……争吵
quarrel about/over关于……争吵
quarrel with sb.on/over/about sth.
与某人就某事吵架
She often quarreled with her husband over trivial matters.
她经常因小事情与丈夫争吵。
It's no use quarreling about it with me.
关于这件事与我争吵毫无用处。
I had a quarrel with my husband about money.
我和丈夫就钱的事吵架了。
She likes to quarrel________neighbors________little things.
A．with；for B．to；about
C．with；about D．about；with
【解析】　quarrel with sb.about/over sth.为固定搭配，表示“因某事而与某人争吵”。
【答案】　C
　
观察下列句子，体会祈使句由直接引语变间接引语的用法。
①The mother said，“Doctor，please_save_my_daughter.”
→The mother asked_the_doctor_to_save_her_daughter.
②The teacher said，“Don't_be_late_for_school_again，Wang_Xia.”
→The teacher told_Wang_Xia_not_to_be_late_for_school_again.
[自我总结]　
1．祈使句变为间接引语后，就成了以不定式短语形式出现的________。
2．转述含有please的祈使句can/could you...？句型时，动词要用________。
3．否定祈使句的“don't＋动词原则”要为“________”，并在not之前加上tell、order或ask。
【答案】　1.宾语补足语　2.ask　3.not＋动词不定式
祈使句直接引语变间接引语
一、祈使句的基本结构有下列几种类型
1．“Please＋动词原形”或“动词原形＋please”
Look at the blackboard，please.请看黑板。
2．Don't＋动词原形
Don't touch anything without permission.
没有经过允许不要动任何东西。
3．Let＋宾语＋动词原形/not＋动词原形
Let's just do it and not speak only.
让我们行动吧，而不要只是说。
二、祈使语气委婉的句型
1．Will/Would/Can/Could you please＋动词原形
Will/would/Can/Could you please lend me your e-dictionary？你能借我电子词典吗？
2．Would you mind＋动名词
Would you mind allowing me to sit beside you?
介意我坐你旁边吗？
3．Why not＋动词原形
Why not do as your teacher tells you to?
为什么你不按你老师告诉你的去做？
4．祈使句＋附加疑问句
(1)“Let us do...，will you/won't you？”
Let us do the experiment by ourselves，will/won't you?
让我们自己做这个实验吧，行吗？
(2)“Let's do...shall/we/shan't we？”
Let's make sure the light are turned off and the door is locked，shall/shan't we?
让我们确信灯都关了，门都锁了，好吗？
(3)“Let me do...，will you/won't you/may I？”
Let me cook the lunch instead of you，may I?
让我们代替你做午饭，行吗？
(4)“Do...，will/won't/would/wouldn't/can/can't you？”
Show me how to use this PC，won't you?
教我怎样使用这台电脑，可以吗？
(5)“Don't do...，will you？”
Don't touch papers on my desk，will you?
别动我桌子上的文件，行吗？
三、祈使句直接引语变间接引语的注意事项
1．肯定祈使句的动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定式的前面加上ask(请求)，tell(吩咐)或order(命令)，即ask/tell/order sb.to do.sth.句式。
“Follow his instructions.”she said to me.→
She told me to follow his instructions.
2．否定祈使句的“don't＋动词原形”变成“not＋动词不定式”，并在not前加上ask(请求)，tell(吩咐)或order(命令)，即ask/tell/order/sb.not to do sth.句式。
“Don't make a noise.”he said to the children.→
He told the children not to make a noise.
3．转述含有please的祈使句和Can/Could you...？/Will/Would you...？句型时，动词多用ask。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
【记忆口诀】
祈使句→不定式结构。基本规则是“一改二变三加四去”。具体说明：

He said to her，“Take the book away，please.”→He asked her to take the book away.
Father said to me，“Don't do that again.”→Father told me not to do that again.
The captain said to the soldier，“Get it done by two o'clock.”→The captain ordered the soldier to get it done by two o'clock.
(对应学生用书第33页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．He said to his son，“Put on more clothes.”
A．He told his son to put on more clothes.
B．He asked his son put on more clothes.
C．He said to his son that he would put on more clothes.
D．He told his son that he should put on more clothes.
【解析】　句意：他对他儿子说：“多穿点衣服。”在将直接引语为祈使句的句子变为间接引语时，应该借助ask/tell/order sb.(not)to do sth.句式，简洁明了，D项表述虽然不错，但是并不是最佳答案。
【答案】　A
2．He said to the soldiers，“Put down your guns at once.”He________the soldiers________down________guns at once.
A．ordered；to put；their　　B．told；to put；their
C．ordered；put；your D．told；put；their
【解析】　句意：他对士兵们说：“立刻放下你们的枪。”祈使句里的语气含有明显的命令的意味，所以应该使用order sb.to do sth.，而他是对士兵们说话的，在转述的时候还要注意代词的转换。
【答案】　A
3．The captain said，“Take hold of this end，man！”
The captain____the soldier______hold of________end.
A．asked；to take；that B．asked；take；this
C．ordered；to take；that D．ordered；take；this
【解析】　从captain“上尉”这个身份可以判断他说的话有很强的命令意味，这一点从祈使句中man得到体现。而在转换的时候还在注意代词this和that之间的转换，所以最佳答案为C项。
【答案】　C
4．The teacher said to the boys，“Pay attention to this.”
The teacher______the boys________attention to______.
A．asked；pay；this B．ordered；to pay；this
C．told ；pay；that D．told；to pay；that
【解析】　句意：老师对男孩们说：“注意这个。”老师对学生说话没有较强的命令语气，可以用ask或者tell表示说话的语气和态度，但是还要注意代词的转换。
【答案】　D
5．He said，“Mr.Black，introduce yourself to them，please.”
He________Mr. Black________to them.
A．asked；to introduce yourself
B．asked；to introduce himself
C．told；introduce yourself
D．ordered；introduce himself
【解析】　句意：他说：“布莱克先生，请向他们介绍一下你自己。”Mr.Black和He之间应该是宾主关系，所以说话应该很客气，还要注意反身代词的转换。
【答案】　B
6．The man shouted，“You don't make so much noise.”
The man________so much noise.
A．ordered them not to make
B．told you not to make
C．asked them to not make
D．shouted you to not make
【解析】　句意：这个男人喊道：“你们不要制造那么多噪音。”从shouted可以看出the man已经对方忍无可忍，所以说话的口气应该是严厉，祈使句中的You也证明了这一点，结合代词的转换就能选出A项。
【答案】　A
7．I said to my daughter，“Don't make any mistakes in it.”
I________my daughter________any mistakes in it.
A．asked；don't make B．ordered；didn't make
C．told；not to make D．told；to not make
【解析】　句意：我对女儿说：“不要再在这上面犯任何错。”注意I和my daughter之间的关系应该是很亲密的，而不是上下级关系，所以选择tell，在这里还要注意不定式的否定式的使用。
【答案】　C
8．The mother said，“Doctor，please save my son.”
The mother________son.
A．asked doctor save my
B．asked the doctor to save her
C．told doctor save my
D．told the doctor to save her
【解析】　句意：这位母亲说：“医生，请救救我的儿子。”这是患儿母亲和医生之间的关系，应该是患儿母亲祈求医生，所以应该选择ask，还要注意代词的转换。
【答案】　B
9．“Please close the window，”he said to me.
He________me________the window.
A．said to；to close B．told to；closing
C．asked；to close D．said to；please close
【解析】　直接引语为祈使句，变间接引语时，主句中的谓语动词往往根据直接引语的口气换用ask(请求)，tell(告诉)，order(命令)，invite(邀请)，warn(警告)，advise(建议)等，而直接引语中的谓语动词要变成动词不定式。即ask/tell/order/invite/warn/advise sb.(not) to do sth.。
【答案】　C
10．He said，“Father，the cat is very lovely.”
He________very lovely.
A．said his father that the cat was
B．said to his father that the cat is
C．told his father that the cat was
D．spoke to his father that the cat was
【解析】　直接引语变为间接引语，表示告知，用tell并接相应的宾语从句。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.把下列句子变为间接引语
1．“My wallet has been stolen，”he said.
________________________________________________________________________
2．“Mary came to China twenty years ago and has been living here ever since，”she said.
________________________________________________________________________
3．“I shall write to you this week，”Jonny said.
________________________________________________________________________
4．“I don't need your help today，” he said.
________________________________________________________________________
5．“I really don't think I can finish the work on time，”he said.
________________________________________________________________________
6．“The novel has been translated into several foreign languages，”Tom said.
________________________________________________________________________
7．“I'm going to the airport to meet my uncle this afternoon，” he said.
________________________________________________________________________
8．“The moon moves around the earth，”the geography teacher said.
________________________________________________________________________
9．“Did you come here by ship or by plane？”she asked.
________________________________________________________________________
10．“Steven arrived on Sunday，”said Mary.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.He said that his wallet had been stolen.
2．She said that Mary had come to China twenty years before and had been living there ever since.
3．Jonny said that he would write to us that week.
4．He said that he didn't need my help that day.
5．He said that he really didn't think that he could finish the work on time.
6．Tom said that the novel had been translated into several foreign languages.
7．He said that he was going to the airport to meet his uncle that afternoon.
8．The geography teacher said that the moon moves around the earth.
9．She asked whether I had gone there by ship or by plane.
10．Mary said that Steven arrived on Sunday.
Period ⅢInterviews & Nine to Five
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
4．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练掌握直接引语和间接引语的转换的用法。
●教学地位
听力是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容。听力训练是英语语言交流的一项基本技能，让学生了解听的技巧和提高听的能力是至关重要的。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
?老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。然后处理课本第24～25页的听力部分内容。??
?
???
　　　　　?
???
(对应学生用书第34页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P26课文，判断正误
1．It was her curiosity，hard-working and believing in the truths made Wang Junyan a success.(　　)
2．Wang Junyan wanted to be a reporter because for money.(　　)
3．Her mother made a great difference for Wang Junyan's career.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　T　F　T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P26课文，选择最佳选项
1．Which of the following about Junyan is NOT right?
A．She had been dreaming of becoming a journalist as a child.
B．Her mother supported her most.
C．She didn't realise the importance of her work until she graduated and worked.
2．What can't we infer from the last paragraph?
A．A reporter should have many different skills.
B．She is still turning over the stones to find out small creatures though she is famous now.
C．As a journalist，you must face many different challenges.
3．The whole passage mainly tells us________.
A．Wang Junyan is a great woman.
B．how Wang Junyan became a journalist.
C．how Wang Junyan achieved success.
【答案】　1－3　A　B　C
(对应学生用书第34页)
1．turn up 出现，到达；开大，提高，增加；找到，发现
Turn up at the interview a couple of minutes early.(教材P24)提前几分钟到达面试地点。
Several old friends turned up at the party.
好几个老朋友参加了聚会。
The key you lost has turned up.
你遗失的钥匙已经找到了。
turn inside out由里向外翻，(口袋、雨伞等)向外翻过来；彻底搜查
turn off(扭转开关、龙头等)关掉(煤气、自来水等)
turn on(扭转开关)打开(自来水)，开(煤气、灯、电视)
turn out产生(……的)结果，结果弄清楚(是……)；外出
turn in 转身进入；交出
turn to(向某人)求助；注意；翻到(……页)
turn down(扭转形状等)调小(煤气等)，关小，调小
(收音机等的声音)；拒绝
【对接高考】　
(2010·辽宁高考)Thousand of people ________to watch yesterday's match against Ireland.
A．turned on　　　　　　　　B．turned in
C．turned around D．turned out
【解析】　turn out此处表示“外出”；turn on打开；turn in上缴；turn around转身。
【答案】　D
用turn的相关短语填空
①We often ________this handbook for information on transistors.
②Please ________the radio，the baby is sleeping.
③Do you know why he did not ________？
【答案】　①turn to　②turn down/off　③turn up
2．make up 构成；占；化妆；打扮；配制；编造；虚构；和好；和解，补偿
Make up information about yourself.(教材P24)
编造你的个人信息。
The actor made himself up for the part of an old man.
这个演员把自己打扮成一个老人的角色。
Six woman and nineteen men make up the committee.
6名妇女和19位男士组成了这个委员会。
make out理解；看清楚；假装
make into制成；做成(后面跟产品，制成品)
make up for弥补；补充；补偿
make over 改造；转让
make up of由……组成
Make out you understand something when you don't!
不懂的时候装懂！
She made the cloth into a dress.
她把这布料做成一件衣服。
We must think out a way to make up for the mistake.
我们必须想出补救失误的办法。
翻译画线部分的汉语意思
①I have to make_up the English test I missed last week.________
②The chemist quickly made_up the prescription.________
③Eight chapters make_up this volume.________
④Bob makes_up_stories to amuse his little brother.________
⑤They often quarrel but often make_up soon after.________
⑥It took her more than one hour to make_up.________
【答案】　①补上　②配制　③组成　④编造　⑤和好，和解　⑥化妆，打扮
3．go into detail(s)讨论；细谈
Go into a lot of detail about your personal life.(教材P24)详细谈一下人的私人生活。
He refused to go into details about his plans.
他不肯详述他计划的细节。
I can't go into details now.我现在不能细说。
go into从事(某职业)；(时间、金钱、力气等)被用于；彻底调查；深究
go against 反对；反抗
go in for 对某事有兴趣；爱好
go on继续；持续下去
go about着手做；处理；忙于
Don't go against your mother's wish.
别违背你母亲的心愿。
She doesn't go in for team games.
她对团体比赛不感兴趣。
The villagers were going about their business as usual.
村民们正如往常一样忙着自己的事。
【教师备课资源】　
go after追赶；追求
go along (with)进行；进展；赞同
go by经过；过去
go over检查；复习
go through游览；翻阅；通过
用go构成的短语填空
①He wouldn't ________details over the phone but he said it had something to do with Bernard.
②He ________working until he was 91.
③I never really ________sports.
④I will________this matter at once.
【答案】　①go into　②went on　③went in for
④go into
4．speak up大声地说；自由而大胆地说，明确表态
Speak up and express yourself clearly.(教材P24)
大声而清楚地表达。
The teacher told the shy boy to speak up.
老师让那个腼腆的男孩大声说。
I highly encourage you to speak up and ask questions.
我非常鼓励你大胆地提出问题。
There was a brief silence，then Gerald spoke up.
一阵短暂的沉默，然后杰拉尔德开始发表意见了。
speak for...代表……讲话
speak up for为……说好话/辨护
speak out大声说，吐真话，大胆地说出
speak of谈到，特别推荐说，值得一提
not to speak of...更不用说
speak highly/well of...高度评价，称赞(某人)
speak ill/badly of批评(某人)
He knows French，not to speak of English.
他懂法语，更不用说英语了。
He said it was the job of the church to speak for the poor.
他说代表穷人讲话是教会的工作。
完成句子
①他说代表穷人讲话是他的工作。
He said it was his job to ________________the poor.
②说别人的坏话是不礼貌的行为。
It's bad manners ____________________others.
【答案】　①speak for　②to speak ill/badly of
5．appointment n．约见；约会
I turned up for the appointment five minutes late，so I walked straight in and sat down.(教材P24)我比约定的时间晚到了5分钟，因此我径直走进去并坐下。
make an appointment with sb.与某人约会
have an appointment with sb.at some time在某时间和某人有约会
keep an appointment守约
break an appointment违约，失约
She made an appointment for her son to see the doctor.
她为儿子预约了看医生的时间。
I think you'd keep an appointment.
我想你最好守约。
I have an appointment with them in the evening.
今晚我与他们有个约会。
完成句子
①如果可能的话，我想约定星期一。
I would like to ______________ for Monday if possible.
②如果没有非常重要的事，您最好遵守约定。
If you don't have something very important ，you'd better ________________.
【答案】　①make an appointment　②keep the appointment
6．The_instant she stopped asking questions，I got up and went out of the room.(教材P24)
她一问完问题，我就站起来，走出了房间。
the instant...“一……就……”是名词性短语引导时间状语从句。
I will meet you the instant you arrive.
你一到我就去见你。
The machine starts the instant the button is pressed.
一按按钮机器就发动了。
类似的名词性短语用作连词的还有：
the moment/second/minute一……就……
the first time...第一次……
every time...每次……
the last time...最后一次……
the next time...下次……时……
We recognized her the moment she entered the room.
她一进房间，我们就把她认出来了。
The next time you come here，don't forget to call me.I want to treat you to dinner.
下次你来这儿时，别忘了给我打电话。我想请你吃饭。
【教师备课资源】　
表示“一……就……”的句式：
①the minute/moment/instant/second...，这些名词性短语在此结构中均充当连词，引导时间状语从句。
②immediately/directly/instantly这三个词均可引导时间状语从句。
“一……就……”
④as soon as...，该句式常用于口语中，其引导的从句通常用一般现在时表示将来。
⑤hardly/scarcely...when...；no sooner...than...，该句式的主句常用过去完成时，从句常用一般过去时(不论主句还是从句，一般都不用一般现在时和一般将来时)。
句型转换
①As soon as I saw him I knew that there was no hope.
____________I knew that there was no hope.
②I recognized her instantly I saw her.
I recognized her____________I saw her.
【答案】　①The instant/moment I saw him　②the instant/moment
7．more than 超过
I work a lot more than the half hour you see me on the screen every day！(教材P26)我的工作时间远远超过你每天在屏幕上看见我的半个小时！
Most of the students in this class have been learning English for more than five years.
这个班大多数学生英语的时间都用在五年以上。
more than＋数词　超过，多于
more than＋名词　不只，不仅仅，远不止
more than＋形容词/副词　非常，十分，更加，岂止
more than＋动词　十分，极大地，岂止是，不仅仅
Peace is much more than the absence of war.
和平不仅仅是意味着没有战争。
If you need any help，we'll be more than glad to help you.
如果你们需要帮助，我们将非常乐意效力。
This more than satisfied me.
这事令我极为满意。
He more than hesitated to promise that.
他对于答应那件事岂止是犹豫。(简直是拒绝)
翻译句中more than的汉语意思
①He is more than a father to her.________
②I've known him for more than twenty years.________
③He was more than upset by the accident.________
【答案】　①不仅仅　②超过　③非常；十分
8．believe in 信任；信仰
I asked her how she had achieved success and she told me that being curious，working hard，and believing in what was true made her the success she is today.(教材P26)
我问她是怎样获得成功的，她告诉我是好奇心，努力工作和忠于事实促成了她今日的成功。
They need a leader they can believe in.
他们需要一个可以依赖的领导。
Do you believe in God？你相信上帝吗？
believe in sb.信任某人，信仰(上帝等)
believe in (doing) sth.相信某事物，肯定某事物的价值或正确性
believe sb./what sb.says相信某人的话
believe it or not信不信由你
The school believes in letting students learn at their own pace.这所学校赞成让学生按照自己的进度学习。
Believe in yourself，or you'll never succeed.
相信自己，否则你永远不会成功。
Believe it or not，we were left waiting in the rain for two hours.信不信由你，我们冒雨一直等了两个小时。
Though I ______ what you said，I don't________you.
A．believe；believe B．believe in；believe in
C．believe in；believe D．believe；believe in
【解析】　句意：尽管我相信你说的话，但我并不信任你。believe sb.意为“相信某人的话(是真实的)”，而believe in sb.意为“信任某人”。
【答案】　D
9．pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；还清
This paid off because she won an award for the report.(教材P26)这些努力得到了回报，因为那篇报道她获奖了。
Learning a foreign language can be very frustrating，but it pay off.学习一门外语是很会让人感到挫败的，但将来一定会得到回报。
While achieving success is easier said than done，persistence does in fact pay off.获得成功说起来比做起来容易，然而坚持不懈确实会有好结果。
After all these year，we're at last paid off all our debts.
过了这么多年，我们终于把债务还清了。
pay back偿还
pay for付……的钱；支付
pay sb.back for sth.因某事向某人报复
pay sth.out为某物付出一大笔钱
pay up付清；缴清
People should pay for their rude manners early or late.
那些不懂礼貌的人迟早要为此付出代价。
How can I pay you back for all your kindness?
你的这番好意我该怎么报答呢？
【提示】　pay off在表示“付清……”时是及物动词用法，而“得出好结果，取得成功”是不及物动词用法。
【教师备课资源】　
pay out花费；支出
get paid领工资
pay attention to注意
pay a visit to拜访
【对接高考】　
(2010·安徽高考)The athlete's years of hard training______________when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.
A．went on B．got through
C．paid off D．ended up
【解析】　句意：当这名运动员最后夺得奥运会金牌的时候，她多年的刻苦训练得到了回报。考查动词词组辨析。pay off：(of a risky policy，course of action，etc.)bring good results，be successful，work(尤指冒风险的政策，做法等)带来好结果，成功，行得通；得到回报；A：继续；B：通过，度过，接通电话；D：结束。
【答案】　C
用适当的介词或副词填空
①With the help of a lot of people，our plan paid ______.
②Once we've paid ________the debts，we'll owe money to no one.
③Will you lend me $10？I'll pay ________next month.
④He had to work part-time so as to pay ________his education.
【答案】　①off　②off　③back　④for
10．commit vt. 投入，犯(罪)；做(错事等)；把……委托于，交付
I discovered then that as long as I am committed and never give up I will be able to produce high quality reports.(教材P26)我发现只要坚持不懈，永不放弃，就能写出高质量的报道。
The council has committed large amounts of money to housing projects.
市政会在住宅项目上投入了大量奖金。
Most crimes are committed by young men.
多数罪行都是年轻人犯下的。
They committed the patient to the mental hospital.
他们将患者移交给精神病院。
①commit sb./oneself to(doing)sth.承诺某人/自己(做)某事
commit sb./oneself to do sth.承诺某人/自己做某事
commit to...忠于……，全身心地投入……
②commit a crime犯罪
commit suicide自杀
Both sides committed themselves to settle the dispute peacefully.双方承诺和平解决争端。
He committed himself to the study of plants.
他专心致志于研究植物。
【提示】　commit oneself to(doing)sth.表示“专心致志于……”，to是介词，后接名词、代词或动名词。
完成句子
①公司把大部分利润投入到建造新工厂。
The company ________ most of is profits ________ building new factories.
②孩子被交给护士照顾。
The child ________ to the nurse's care.
【答案】　①committed；to　②was committed
11．existence n．存在
I asked Junyan what she like most about her job and she said that although there wasn't much glory in a reporter's existence，she found it interesting and challenging.(教材P26)我问君燕她最喜欢她的工作的什么地方，她说作为记者虽然没有很大荣耀，但是很有趣，很有挑战性。
I was unaware of his existence until today.
直到今天我才知道有他这么个人。
This is the oldest Herbrew manuscript in existence.
这是现存最古老的希伯来语手稿。
in existence存在
out of existence消失
come into existence出现，产生
bring into existence使……出现/产生
The idea of God has been in existence for as long as human beings have worshipped.
自从人类有崇拜行为开始，神的观念就已经存在。
There was a fear that the club might go out of existence for lack of support.
人们担心这个俱乐部会因缺乏支持而关闭。
【教师备课资源】　
exist vi.存在；生存，生活
existing adj.(前置定语)现存的，现行的
exist in 存在于……之中
exist on＝live on靠……为生
There exist...有……，存在……
完成句子
①这是现有最雄伟的大桥。
This is the most magnificent bridge ____________.
②这家公司成立于20年前。
The company ____________20 years ago.
【答案】　①in existence　②came into existence
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会直接引语与间接引语的问法。
①“Writing that report wasn't easy，but I realised that people needn't to know and so I didn't give up，”Junyan_told_me.
②I asked_Junyan what she liked most about her job.
[自我总结]
1．直接引述别人的原话叫________；用自己的话转述别人的话叫________。
2．直接引语前常使用________；而不是冒号；引导直接引语的第一个单词首字母要________。
3．________不用逗号或引号；但要考虑人称，时态，时间状语，地点状语和指示代词的变化。
【答案】　1.直接引语；间接引语　2.逗号；大写
3．间接引语
直接引语和间接引语(一)
直接引用别人的话叫直接引语。用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语都是宾语从句，但直接引语放在引号内，不用连词连接；间接引语不用引号，通常用连接词连接从句。
一、陈述句直接引语变间接引语
1．直接引语如果是陈述句，在变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等都要作相应的变化。
(1)人称的变化。
She said(to me)，“Your pronunciation is better than mine.”→She said that my pronunciation was better than hers.
人称变化
I→he/she
me/you→him/her
my→his/her
we→they
us→them
our→their
mine→his/hers
myself→himself/herself
ours→theirs
ourselves→themselves
(2)时态的变化。
“Frank，I came to return you the book.”Henry said.→Henry told Frank that he had come to return him the book.
Kitty said.“I'll call again after supper.”→
Kitty said that she would call again after supper.
时态变化
例句
直接引语
间接引语
一般现在时→
一般过去时
He said，“I walk to school.”
He said that he wal-ked to school.
现在进行时→
过去进行时
He said，“I am walking to school.”
He said that he was walking to school.
现在完成时→
过去完成时
He said，“I have walked to school.”
He said that he had walked to school.
一般过去时→
过去完成时
He said，“I walked to school.”
He said that he had walked to school.
过去完成
时不变
He said，“I had walked to school.”
He said that he had walked to school.
一般将来时→
过去将来时
He said，“I will walk to school.”
He said that he would walk to school.
(3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。如：
She said，“I will come here again tonight.”→
She said (that) she would go there again that night.
在直接引语中
在间接引语中
指示
代词
this (place)
these (places)
that (place)
those (places)
时间
状语
now
then
today，tonight
that day，that night
this week (month，etc.)
that week (month，etc.)
yesterday
the day before，the previous day
last week (month，etc.)
the week (month，etc.)before
two days
(a year，etc.) ago
two days (a year，etc.)before (earlier)
tomorrow
the next (following) day
next week (month，etc.)
the next (following) week (month，etc.)
表地点
的词
here
there
动词
come
go
bring
take
2.直接引语变间接引语，时态的变化是重点，有下列情况：
(1)当直接引语表示不因时间变化而变化的客观真理、科学原理等时，变为间接引语时时态不变。
He said.“The moon moves round the earth.”→
He said the moon moves round the earth.
(2)当直接引语中的谓语动词是过去完成时，间接引语仍用过去完成时。
He said.“I had known the news before you came here.”→He said he had known the news before I went there.
(3)当直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变间接引语时时态不变。
She said.“I was born in 1990.”→She said she was born in 1990.
(4)当直接引语的时态是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语时时态不变。
She said.“I get up at six every morning.”→
She said she gets up at six every morning.
(5)当直接引语中含有由when，while，since等引导的状语从句，变为间接引语时，一般过去时或过去进行时不变。
He said.“I have read ten books since I worked here.”→He said he had read ten books since he worked there.
(6)当直接引语中含有情态动词又没有过去式时，间接引语的情态动词形式不变。
He said.“It must be our headmaster.”→
He said that it must be their headmaster.
二、疑问句直接引语变间接引语
1．一般疑问句
直接引语如果是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，谓语动词是say或said时，要改为ask或asked；原问句变成由连词if或whether引导的宾语从句。
The boy said，“May I go with you？”→
The boy asked me if he might go with me.
“Have you anything interesting I can read，George？”she asked.→She asked George if he had anything interesting she could read.
Tom asked me，“Have you seen that movie yet？”→
Tom asked me if I had seen that movie.
He asked，“Are you a Party member or a League member？”→He asked me whether I was a Party member or a League member.
2．特殊疑问句
直接引语如果是特殊疑问句，变间接引语时用疑问词作连接词，句子语序改为陈述句。(当这个特殊疑问句是对主语或主语的一部分提问时，疑问句的语序与陈述句的语序相同，不用改变。)
“How do you feel？”the doctor asked him.→
The doctor asked him how he felt.
He said.“What are you thinking about？”→
He asked me what I was thinking about.
He asked，“When will all the cities with airports be joined by the computer？”→He asked when all the cities with airports would be joined by the computer.
The teacher asked，“who is on duty today？”→
The teacher asked who was on duty that day.
注意：间接引语的语序永远是陈述句语序。
【口诀巧记】　
直引若是一般问，变间if/whether连；
语序变为陈述式，时态人称相应变。
直引若是特殊问，疑问连接记心间；
其余问题挺简单，一切变化照一般。
直引若是祈使句，谓语动词挺关键；
told/asked/ordered，根据口气来确选。
告诉、请求、命令人，后跟to do宾补现；
若是否定祈使句，not to do跟后边。
(对应学生用书第40页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．Could you tell me________the railway station?
A．how I can get to　　　　B．how can I get to
C．where I can get to D．where can I get to
【解析】　间接引语为宾语从句时，句子要用陈述语序；又根据句意可知应用疑问词how而不用where。
【答案】　A
2．He asked me________his story.
A．I liked B．did you like
C．whether I like D．if I liked
【解析】　间接引语if/whether引导的宾语从句，用陈述语序，且由主句可知，应用过去时态。
【答案】　D
3．Tom told his teacher that he________born in 1991.
A．was B．had been
C．is D．has been
【解析】　 根据句中的过去时间(in 1991)可知宾语从句应用一般过去时态。
【答案】　A
4．The visitor________ that he________very glad to visit our country.
A．said；was B．said；had been
C．told；was D．spoke；had been
【解析】　此题考查间接引语。B项第二个空时态有误；C、D两项第一个空动词使用错误。
【答案】　A
5. Mr.Green asked Lily whether she had passed the exam________.
A．yesterday B．the day before
C．the day ago D．before the day
【解析】　they day before常与过去完成时态连用。
【答案】　B
6．Mr.Smith asked Nancy________it took her to fly to New York.
A．how soon B．how often
C．how long D．how far
【解析】　how soon过多久；how often询问“频率”；how long询问“时间”；how far询问“距离”。此题询问的是“航程所用时间”，故选C项。
【答案】　C
7．The teacher told us that light________faster than sound.
A．traveled B．had traveled
C．is traveling D．travels
【解析】　表示“客观真理”的直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不变。
【答案】　D
8．The tourist asked the guide what he________visit the next day.
A．was going to B．will
C．is going to D．is to
【解析】　宾语从句中的the next day异于next day，后者以现在时间为基点，从句用一般将来时态，前者以过去时间为基点，从句过去将来时态。
【答案】　A
9．An English teacher asked his students，“Are you interested in my lessons？”
→An English teacher asked his students if________were interested in________lessons.
A．you；my B．you；his
C．they；my D．they；his
【解析】　直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引语的主语为第二人称，则间接引语(宾语从句)的主语与主句的宾语在人称上保持一致，即you变为they；且此处my应改为his。
【答案】　D
10．He asked，“How are you getting along？”
→He asked________.
A．how am I getting along
B．how are you getting along
C．how I was getting along
D．how was I getting along
【解析】　直接引语变间接引语时，若直接引证为特殊疑问句，则将其变为由特殊疑问句转化而来的连接词引导的宾语从句，且从句用陈述语序，故本题选C。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.把下列句中的直接引语变为间接引语
1．The geography teacher said to us，“The moon moves around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.”
→________________________________________________________________________
2．Zhang Hong said to me，“Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.”
→________________________________________________________________________
3．He said，“Are you a student？”→________________________________________________________________________
4．“I hadn't finished my homework yet，” said Mary.
→________________________________________________________________________
5．Grandpa usually said to me，“When there is a will there is a way.”
→________________________________________________________________________
6．Mr.Smith said to me, “I moved to Paris in 1996.”
→________________________________________________________________________
7．He said to me，“Why didn't you help him？”
→________________________________________________________________________
8．“Where are you going？”the father asked his son.
→________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.The geography teacher told us that the moon moves around the earth and the earth goes around the sun.　2.Zhang Hong told me that Doctor Wang passed away in 1948.
3．He asked if/whether I was a student.　4.Mary said that she hadn't finished her homework yet.　5.Grandpa usually told me (that) when there is a will there is a way.
6．Mr. Smith told me that he moved to Paris in 1996.　7.He asked me why I hadn't helped him.　8.The father asked his son where he was going.Period ⅣJob Trends & Communication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
2．理解课文。
3．能够根据课文内容安排，培养学生对课文的理解和听、说、读、写能力。
4．掌握写求职信的方法。
●教学地位
本单元课时的内容是通过对文章的理解让学生了解未来工作领域的变化及工作方式的变化。掌握对求职信的写作方法在本单元中也占有相当重要的地位。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
我们都生活在一个高速发展、瞬息万变的社会，在各种各样的工作领域中展现工作价值。未来社会能发展到什么程度，人们以何种方式生活都是未知数。那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解并畅想一下未来社会会成为什么样子，人们该如何工作生产呢？
●教学流程设计
???
?
???
　　　　　?
?
(对应学生用书第40页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P28课文，判断正误
1．Toffler's prediction has come true.(　　)
2．There is nothing we can do to keep up with the demand for change.(　　)
3．People will work for small，dynamic companies as well as big companies.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　T　F　T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P28课文，选择最佳选项
1．The purpose of the first paragraph is to________.
A．introduce a book
B．introduce the topic
C．offer evidence
2．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage ?
A．Though there are more changes, many people will choose to have a job for life.
B．Information technology will be more important in the future.
C．The way we work will change in the future.
3．Which of the following is wrong according to the last paragraph?
A．In the future，we don't need to work in the office.
B．We'll have a lot of free time in the future.
C．People all over the world can enjoy the changes the new technology brings in very soon.
【答案】　1－3　B　A　C
(对应学生用书第41页)
1．Between now and the 21st century，citizens of the world's richest and most advanced nations will find_it_more_and_more_difficult_to_keep_up_with the demand for change.(教材P28)从现在开始到21世纪，这个世界上最富有和最先进的国家的公民都会发现越来越难以与变化的需求保持同步。
(1)句中find it more and more difficult to...属于“find it＋adj.＋(for sb.)to do sth.”结构，其中it作形式宾语，动词不定式短语是真正的宾语。
it作形式宾语的常见结构汇总：
①“动词＋it＋宾语＋真正的宾语”结构，即6123结构：

②“enjoy/like/hate/appreciate/...＋ it＋if/when引导的从句”结构
③see to it that...，depend on it that...，take it for granted that...等结构。
I must make it clear that I'll always support you.
我必须说清楚我会一直支持你。
I think it my duty to help her.
我认为帮助她是我的责任。
I don't like it if you arrive late.
我不喜欢你迟到。
See to it that you are not late again.
注意别再迟到了。
【对接高考】　
(2012·四川高考)New technologies have made______possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
A．that　　　　　　　　B．this
C．one D．it
【解析】　句意：新的技术已经使更快、成本更低地生产新产品成为可能。本题考查it的用法。不定式短语to turn out...在句中是真正的宾语，空格处形式宾语，故用it。其余选项均不作形式宾语。
【答案】　D
完成句子
①我们发现很难按时到达那里。
We________________there on time.
②手势使得听众容易理解他的演讲。
Gesture________________his speech.
③我不喜欢你用那种语气和你父母说话。
I don't ________________you talk to your parents in that tone.
【答案】　①find it difficult to arrive　②makes it easy for audience to understand　③like it that
(2)keep up with跟上，赶上
I know.She always tries to keep up with the latest trend(s)．是呀(我知道)。她总是尽可能赶上最新的流行趋势。
Salary is increasing to keep up with the rise in the cost of living.工资正在增加以跟上生活费用的上涨。
keep back阻止；隐瞒；保持距离
keep in touch with...与……保持联系
keep off避开；不接近
keep on继续
keep out挡住；不进入；留在外边
keep up保持，维持；沿袭

We couldn't keep back our tears.
我们抑制不住自己的眼泪。
She always advises me to keep out of other people's quarrels.她(总是)建议我不要卷入别人的争吵。
Why do the dogs keep on barking?
这些狗为什么不停地叫？
【教师备课资源】　
catch up with赶上
keep pace with与……并驾齐驱，跟上
用keep的短语填空
④We had to think of a way to ________the rain.
⑤Please ________the dog ________the living-room.
⑥How long can the economic boom ________？
⑦He walked so fast that she couldn't ________him.
【答案】　④keep off　⑤keep；out off　⑥keep up
⑦keep up with
2．decrease v．减少；降低
You don't need to be Einstein to predict the job areas which will be most affected by such change.Jobs in farming，coal mining and heavy industry are decreasing rapidly.(教材P28)即使你不是爱因斯坦，也能推测出哪些工作领域受这些变化的影响最大。农业、煤矿业和重工业的职位正迅速减少。
The exercise let your heart rate increase and decrease gradually.这些活动能让你的心率逐渐增加和降低。
The traffic accidents in the city decreased last year.
该城市去年交通事故减少了。
①decrease by...减少了……
decrease from...to...(数量等)从……减少到……
②decrease n．减小；减少(量)
a decrease in ……的减少
on the decrease在减少
The club members decreased to two hundred.
该俱乐部的会员减至200人。
The average house prices increased by 13% last year.
去年，平均房价上涨了13%。
There's a decrease in the annual birth rate.
年出生率下降了。
【提示】　介词by表示增减的幅度；介词to表示增减的结果。
完成句子
①The number of students________(已减少到)1,000.
②The unemployment________(已减少了)30 percent.
【答案】　①has decreased to　② has decreased by
3．operate vi.运转；运作；起作用；做手术 vt.操作(机器等)；经营，管理
Similarly，companies will operate in different ways.
(教材P28)同样，公司也将以不同的方式运转。
The machine is operating continuously.
那台机器一直在不停地运转。
The company operates three factories.
这个公司拥有三家工厂。
operate为及物动词时，表示“操作，开动(机器)，经营，管理，对……做手术”；为不及物动词时，表示“运转，运作，有效，起作用，做手术”。
①operate a machine操作一台机器
operate a factory经营一家工厂
operate on给(病人或身体部位)做手术
②operation n．操作；经营；手术；(军事)行动；运算
③operator n．话务员；接线员；操作员
The doctor began to operate on the boy.
医生开始给那个男孩动手术。
Where have you learned how to operate these machines？你是在哪儿学会使用这些设备的？
判断下列各句中operate的含义
①Check that the equipment is operating in a safe manner.________
②What skills are needed to operate this machine？________
③Doctors had to operate to remove the bullet.________
【答案】　①运转　②操作　③手术
4．respond vi.回复；回答 n．回复；反应，反响
Many more people will work for small，dynamic companies which can respond quickly to changes in the market.(教材P28)很多人将会在那些充满活力的小公司里工作，因为这些公司能够对市场的变化迅速地作出反应。
I offered him a drink but he did not respond.
我请他喝酒，但他未作答。
Their envoy showed no sign of responding to our proposals.
他们的使者对我方的提议毫无回应的迹象。
respond to sb.with用……回答某人
respond to对……作出反应
make respond to对……作出回答
in response to对……回应
Cindy didn't respond to any of her emails.
辛迪没有回过她一封电子邮件。
Villagers responded with offers of help.
对此村民们伸出援手。
She has responded well to treatment.
经过治疗她大有起色。
answer/respond/reply
answer
是及物动词，是常用词，可指“口头”、“笔头”，甚至“行动”上的回答。
respond
是不及物动词，是正式用语，指“对号召(或职责、请求等)作出自发性的适当反应”。
reply
较answer正式，但它是不及物动词
The teacher asked who could answer the question.
老师问谁能回答这个问题。
She asked where he'd been，but he didn't respond.
她问他到什么地方去了，他却不回答。
If you have interest in it，reply to me soon.
如果你对此有兴趣，请尽快答复我。
用respond，answer，reply的适当形式填空
①No one has yet________to our complaints.
②I couldn't________this question for an instant.
③Should I________to his letter?
【答案】　①responded　②answer　③reply
3．envy vt.羡慕；妒忌 n．羡慕；妒忌
According to Dr Laurence Lyons of Future Work，women will be envied because they have an advantage in this area.(教材P28)
“未来工作论坛”的劳伦斯·莱昂斯博士指出女性将受人羡慕，因为她们在这一领域占有优势。
He envies her the position she has achieved in her profession.他妒忌她在职业中已取得的地位。
She has always envied my success.
她一直羡慕我的成功。
His success is the envy of us all.
他的成功令我们羡慕。
①envy sb.sth.羡慕/妒忌某人某事
envy sb.doing sth.羡慕某人做某事
②envy of sb.嫉妒或羡慕某人
envy of/at sth.嫉妒或羡慕某物
(green) with envy非常妒忌地
out of envy出于妒忌
be the envy of sb.令人嫉妒或羡慕的事物
③envious adj.忌妒的；羡慕的
be envious of＝ be jealous of忌妒；羡慕
His envy of his brother soon turned to jealousy.
他对哥哥的羡慕很快变成了妒忌。
Her colleagues were green with envy.
她的同事都非常妒忌(她)。
She always envies me my curly hair.
她总是羡慕我的一头卷发。
完成句子
①他隐藏不住自己对我的妒忌。
He couldn't conceal his ________.
②我多么羡慕她有机会去英国学习啊！
How I ________the chance to study in England!
③他们纯粹出于忌妒才说了这些坏话。
They only said such unkind things ________.
【答案】　①envy of me　②envy her having　③out of envy
6．It's not about making men more like women，but helping men to communicate as well.(教材P28)其目的不是让男人更像女人，而是帮助男人也能良好的沟通。
not...but...意为“不是……而是……”，可用于连接并列的名词、形容词、副词、介宾短语、分词和句子。如：
Not he but his younger brother is to blame.
该受责备的是他弟弟而不是他。
He failed not because he isn't clever but because he didn't work hard.
他失败不是因为他不聪明，而是因为他工作不努力。
not...but...连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语动词要遵循“就近原则”，即谓语动词与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。用法类似的结构还有either...or...，neither...nor...，not only...but(also)．..等。
Not the manager but the workers are hoping to do that.
希望做那件事的不是经理，而是工人们。
Not only the students but(also) their teacher was enjoying the movie.学生们津津有味地看着这部电影，他们的老师也是如此。
【对接高考】　
(2008·江苏高考)It is often said that the joy of traveling is_________in arriving at your destination______in the journey itself.
A．/；but　　　　　　　　B．/；or
C．not；or D．not；but
【解析】　句意：人们常说旅游的乐趣不在于你最终能到达的目的地，?