【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版必修五教师用书Unit 15　Learning

Unit 15　Learning
【美文阅读】　
随着社会的发展，与国际间的交流日益广泛，人们对英语越来越重视 ，在学习好英语的同时我们也不能忘掉我们的母语——汉语的学习！
Learning Chinese and English Together!
We have a long and glorious history here in China. We should be immensly(非常)proud of what the Chinese culture has contributed to the world both in ancient times and in modern times. However，some people feel that Chinese is no longer a useful thing to learn. Some students even feel that we should all just learn English! We must realize, though, that there are many reasons why we really need to learn both Chinese and English.
We Need to Learn Chinese for Ourselves!
It's true that we need to study our own Chinese language and culture diligently(勤奋地)．So many important things have happened in China over the last 5,000 years that it would be impossible to understand them all without studying incredibly hard. We are Chinese and we need to understand our roots, and the roots are in our language. We all have strong feelings for our country, and therefore we need to cultivate(培养) a strong love for our language as well.
We Need to Learn Chinese for the World!
We should not just study Chinese for our own sake but we also need to study China for the benefit of the entire world.Even if people from other counties do study China and Chinese, it can sometimes be difficult to fully comprehend(理解) it without having the same experiences we have. Therefore, we need to become the experts in our own language and our own culture for their sake as well as our own.
We Need to Learn English for Ourselves!
Even if we study our own Chinese language and culture thoroughly, that isn't enough. Even though China is a very large country, the world is even larger. Even if we are experts on China, we still may know very little about the rest of the world. Language is a window into the rest of the world. Through language we can learn more about the rest of the world for ourselves.
We Need to Learn English for the World!
If we want to make a big impact(影响)on the world，we need to be ready to share all of our knowledge with people from all over the world. Chinese society is a treasure that is too good to keep to ourselves；it must be shared. In order to share our culture with people from other countries, we need to learn other languages. While many different languages will help us communicate with people from many different nations, English is one of the most commonly used international languages.
【诱思导学】　
1．Why shall we learn Chinese well?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why do we need to learn English?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.Because learning Chinese well can help us understand culture and study China for the benefit of the whole world.
2．Because learning English can help us learn more about the rest of the world and communicate with people from other countries about different cultures.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元是让学生了解终身学习的重要性和如何创设融洽和谐的师生关系，通过本文的学习会使学生对学习有更深层次的理解。尽管现阶段学生的本职任务就是学习，但是通过本节的教学，让学生了解他们终身学习和师生和谐交往的重要性。所以，上好本堂课会增进学生和老师之间的教与学关系。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
用多媒体向学生展示几幅图片，其内容是关于学习与继续教育，无论他们是平常人还是已获得巨大成就的人，都不忘每时每刻给自己“充电”——汲取新的知识。从而，转到现在在校学习的学生身上，使他们明白学习的重要性，把握好现在的学习机会。
●教学流程设计
???
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(对应学生用书第53页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读Life-long Learning完成下列表格
The Importance of Life-long Learning
Sun
Wen
Advice
It's never too late to learn.
Situation
Because of my new 1.________，I'm getting promoted.
Decision
Give myself a second chance by studying for a 2.________in the evenings and on weekends.
Result
have been hard work，but it's been 3.________it
Ms.
Tang
Reason
I would be 4.________because the company was not doing that well.
Problem
got bored to be a “5.________home officer”
Decision
decided to do a 6.________course
Result
have nearly finished the course now and it has been very 7.________.
Grandpa
Chen
Reason
a few months ago when postage went up
Decision
It was time I became an Internet user. I got my grandson to 8.______me on how to email and use the Internet.
And 9.________emailing, it's fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.
Conclusion
Switch off your brain and 10.________everything you've ever learnt.
【答案】　1.qualification　2.degree　3.worth　4.laid off
5．chief　6.business　7.helpful　8.instruct　9.aside from　10.bury
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P36的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．How does the author organise the passage?
A．By giving examples.
B．By making comparisons.
C．By showing facts.
2．Which of the following about Sun Wen is NOT right?
A．He's got his Bachelor's Degree at Qinghua University.
B．He is studying in an evening school.
C．He has a full-time job.
3．Ms.Tang thinks getting laid off is the best thing that ever happened to her，because________.
A．she would have stayed in the company until retirement
B．she has learnt many new skills and prepared to set up her own export company after getting laid off
C．she enjoys being a full-time housewife
4．What's the status of the job market at the moment？A.All companies were doing that well.
B．All people got laid off because of doing something wrong.
C．People would not have to stay in a company until retirement.
5．From Grandpa Chen's experience, we can know that
________.
A．where there is a will，there is a way
B．it's never too old to learn
C．actions speak louder than words
【答案】　1.A　2.A　3.B　4.C　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用下面方框所给单词的适当形式填空
postage；saying；suspect；blank；secure；qualification；swell；retire；airmail；use　　Sun Wen is 28 years old.After he failed in the College Entrance Exam，he has been studying for a degree while keeping a 1.________full-time job，and he is about to graduate now.He has new 2.________which makes him promoted at work.His advice for us is that “It's never too late to learn.” Ms.Tang is 45 years old.When she knew that she would be laid off，her mind went 3.________and her heart 4.________with anger.She 5.________that it was not right for the company to laid her off because the workers would have stayed in the company till 6.________if they worked for it for over 20 years. Grandpa Chen is 75 years old.He is teaching himself new tricks every day，which certainly proves the 7.________“You can't teach an old dog new tricks” not true.He had been sending letters by 8.________to his daughter in the US once a week，but later the 9.________went up，which made him become an Internet 10.________.
【答案】　1.secure　2.qualification　3.blank　4.swelled　5.suspected　6.retirement　7.saying　8.airmail　9.postage　10.user
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．simplify　　　A．feel doubt；mistrust
2．secure B．proverb
3．swell C．make(sth.)easy to do or understand
4．suspect D．give orders or directions to sb.
5．saying E．not feeling worry；firmly fixed
6．instruct F．become larger because of pressure from inside
7．bury G．recognize the difference between people or things
8．distinguish H．hide sb./sth. in the earth
【答案】　1—8　CEFABDHG
Ⅱ.短语填空
用所给短语的适当形式填空
begin with；frankly speaking；lay off；go blank；dream of；set up；aside from；switch off1.The company was deeply in debt and some employees were ________.
2．They________a monument to him in his hometown.
3．When I heard the shocking news，my mind________.
4．________the necessary clothes，I also carried a camera.
5．________，I think your son has little chance of passing the exam.
6．He is always________a famous film star.
【答案】　1.laid off　2.set up　3.went blank　4.Aside from　5.Frankly speaking　6.dreaming of
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．It's never too_ late to_ learn.
活到老，学到老。
2．I felt as_if_ I had done something wrong!
我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
3．I decided that it_was_time_ I became an Internet user.
我觉得是成为互联网用户的时候了。
4．In the past，if I'd_wanted to see them，I would_have_had to visit them in person.
过去，如果我想看他们，就不得不亲自去他们那里。
Period ⅡWarm-up & Life-long Learning
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
4．通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写情景作文，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
5．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，熟练掌握虚拟语气的用法。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。另外，让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去灵活运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
As the saying goes，it is never too old to learn(活到老学到老). With the development of science and technology, talents are becoming more important. However, studying constantly is vital for talents, so the teacher may ask students some questions about what they think of studying. (老师让×××同学读一读他/她写的短文。)
●教学流程设计
导入新课。???
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(对应学生用书第54页)
1．Here's_what they have to say about their life-long learning experience.(教材P36)这里是他们必须要说的关于他们终身学习经历的话。
这是由what引导的名词性从句，是一个完全倒装的句式。谓语动词完全置于主语之前的句子，便是完全倒装句。
Away flew the plane.飞机飞走了。
Here comes the bus！公共汽车来了！
这类句型主要有两种：
①a.副词＋谓语＋主语(以here，there，in，up，down，
away等副词开头，谓语动词多为be，come，go等)
b．副词＋谓语＋主语(以then，now，thus，such开头，谓语动词多为come，follow，begin，end，be，主语又是名词时)
②a.介词短语＋谓语＋主语(表地点的介词短语位于句首，且谓语动词为不及物动词，主谓需倒装)
b．介词短语/形容词/分词＋be＋主语(表语置于句首，为保持句子平衡，或强调，使上下文衔接需要倒装)
In front of the teaching building stands a tall tree.
教学楼前有一棵大树。
Now comes your turn.轮到你了。
South of the river lies a small factory.
一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。
Out rushed the children.孩子们冲了出去。
【提示】　如果句子中的主语为人称代词，而不是名词，则不需要倒装。
将下列句子改为倒装句
①The teacher came in，and the lesson began.
________________________________________________________________________
②The speaker sat in front of the lecture hall.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①In came the teacher，and the lesson began.
②In front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
2．It's never too_late_to learn.(教材P36)
活到老，学到老。
too...to...中的too前面如果用了否定词(如never)，则该句表示肯定意义。
Never too old to learn，never too late to turn.
亡羊补牢，为时未晚。
①too...to...中的too前如有far等词修饰，则这些词表示强调。
②too...to...结构意为“太……而不能……”，表示否定含义。
③too...to...句式中，too后接形容词ready(现成的)，incline(偏于……的)，apt(易于……)，eager(急切的)，anxious(着急的)等词时，无否定的意思。
④only too...to...也表示肯定，其中，too后的形容词多为表示某种心情的，如：glad，pleased，willing，thankful，delighted等；也有描绘性的形容词，如：good，kind，true等。
He is too young to dress himself.
他太小了，不会自己穿衣服。
He was far too busy to think of giving up.
他太忙，没有时间想到放弃。
She is not too clever to go with him.
她很机灵，没有跟他一起走。
He is too ready to talk.他爱说话。
The film is only too good to see.
这部电影很好，值得一看。
完成句子
①这道数学题太难，我不能解出它。
The maths problem is ____________ work out.
②雷锋同志非常乐于助人。
Comrade Lei Feng was ____________ others.
【答案】　①too difficult for me to　②too ready to help
3．be about to do即将做……；就要做……
Now I'm about to graduate from the School of Continuing Education at Qinghua University with a Bachelor's Degree in Computer Engineering by distance learning.(教材P36)现在我即将从清华大学继续教育学院毕业，通过远程教育课程我获得了计算机工程专业的学士学位。
Work was about to start on a new factory building.
新厂房即将动工。
I was just about to ask you the same thing.
我刚才正要问你同一件事情。
be about to do sth.when...正要做某事，这时……
be doing...when...正在做……，这时……
be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……
be on the way to...when...正要做……这时……
had done...when...刚做完……这时……
We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived.
我们正要离开，这时杰里到了。
I was doing my homework at 8∶00 last night when someone knocked at my door.
昨天晚上八点钟我在做作业时，有人敲门。
I had gone to bed when the telephone rang.
我刚上床睡觉，这时电话响了。
【提示】　be about to do sth.表示“将要做某事”，一般不与表示将来的具体时间状语连用。
【教师备课资源】　
将来时的多种表示法：
①will/shall＋do：一般将来时最基本的表示方法，表示将来发生的动作。
②be to do：表示计划、安排、义务、命令、禁止等。
③be going to do：表示打算、计划要做某事或有迹象表明要发生的动作。
④be＋v-ing：表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作，有此用法的多为趋向性动词。
⑤一般现在时：表示按规定、时间表、日程安排要发生的动作。
【对接高考】　
(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office________________________________________________________________________
my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A．when　　　　　　　　B．than
C．until D．after
【解析】　句意：我刚到办公室，我妻子就打电话叫我立刻回家。本题考查并列连词。had hardly done something when...为固定句型。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①他刚要站起来，这时老师进来了。
He____________stand up____________.
②我们就要出发了。
We____________start off.
【答案】　①was just about to；when the teacher came in
②are about to
4．secure adj.安全的；坚固的 vt.使安全；获得；固定
I decided to give myself a second chance by studying for a degree in the evenings and on weekends while keeping a secure full-time job.(教材P36)
我决定再给自己一次机会，在保证一份稳定的全职工作的同时，利用晚上和周末时间学习以取得学位。
He is under the illusion that his position is secure.
他误以为他的地位很稳固。
Troops were sent to secure the border.
军队被派去保卫边境。
be secure against/from没有……的危险
be secure of对……有把握；确信
fell/be secure about/as to对……觉得放心
secure(sth.)against/from使(某物)免遭……
Now my house is secure against burglary.
现在我的房子无被盗窃的危险。
I feel secure about my future.我对未来感到放心。
Some measures are needed to secure the farmland
against shifting sand.
需要采取一些措施使农田免遭流沙的侵袭。
完成句子
①这个年轻人不担心自己的前途。
The young man is ________________ his future.
②树可以为庄稼挡住风沙。
The trees can ________ the crops ________ sand.
【答案】　③secure about/of　④secure；against/from
5．frankly speaking...(＝to be frank)坦白地说……
Frankly speaking，the last four years have been hard work，but it's been worth it！(教材P36)
坦白地说，最后这四年过得很艰难，但却是值得的！
Frankly speaking，you are wrong again.
坦白地说，你又错了。
Frankly speaking，your artwork has no aesthetic value.
坦率地说，你的作品没有任何艺术价值。
honestly speaking...(＝to be honest)说实话……
generally speaking...一般来说……
exactly speaking...确切地说……
strictly speaking...严格地说……
personally speaking...就个人而言……
Honestly speaking，I don't like the job.
说实话，我不喜欢这份工作。
Personally speaking，he did very well.
就我个人而言，他干得挺不错。
完成句子
①严格地说，这本书不能算小说，而是短篇故事。
__________，the book is not a novel，but a short story.
②说实话，我真的没告诉过任何人。
__________________，I didn't really tell anyone.
【答案】　①Strictly speaking　②Honestly speaking
6．Three months ago，when my manager told me that I would be laid_off，my mind went_blank and my heart swelled with anger.(教材P36)三个月前，当我的经理告诉我，我将要下岗时，我的大脑一片空白，怒火满腔。
(1)lay off 裁员；解雇
If business continues to be slow，we will have to lay off some workers.
如果生意再继续下滑，我们必须解雇部分劳工。
Often，they think too much in the short term and begin to lay off employees.
通常，他们看中短期效益，开始解雇员工。
lay vt.放置；铺；产(蛋，卵)；设置
lay sb.out打昏(某人)
lay sth.aside把……放在一边；储存
lay sth.down(开始)建造某物；停止使用某事物，放弃某事物；制定规则、原则等
lay up 贮存；自讨苦吃；(因病)卧床
The boxer was laid out in the fifth round.
那个拳击手在第五回合中被击昏在地。
I've laid up with flu for a week.
我患流感已在家休息一个星期了。
She managed to lay aside a few pounds each week from her wages.她设法每周从薪水中存几个英镑。
【教师备课资源】　
注意下面几个动词的词形、词性及意义的区别：
①lie(vi.)—lied—lied撒谎
②lie(vi.)—lay—lain躺；位于
③lay(vt.)—laid—laid放；搁；下蛋，产卵
用lay的短语填空
①工人们因为不懂先进技术被辞退了。
The workforce____________because they didn't grasp the advanced technology.
②他们首先得为这项工程制订一个计划。
First they had to__________a plan for the project.
【答案】　①was laid off　②lay down
(2)go blank发呆；默然
When I heard the shocking news，my mind went blank.
当我听到这个震惊的消息时，我的脑子一片空白。
My mind went completely blank and I forgot what I was supposed to be doing.
我的脑子一片空白，连我本来要做什么都想不起来了。
go blind变瞎　　　　　　go mad发疯
go pale脸色变得苍白 go hungry挨饿
go bad变质
Hearing the bad news，his face went pale.
听到这个坏消息，他的脸色变得很苍白。
The fish has gone bad because of hot weather.
因为天热鱼变质了。
【提示】　“go＋adj.”是一种系表结构，go在此结构中意为“变得，变成，变为”。
完成句子
③试试让你无思无虑，你会感到平静些。
Try to let your mind________，then you'll fell calmer.
④我宁愿挨饿也不吃那东西。
I'd rather________than eat that.
【答案】　③go blank　④go hungry
7．suspect v．怀疑；猜想 n．犯罪嫌疑人 adj.不可信的；可疑的
I suspect that they laid me off because the company was not doing that well but it still brought a lump to my throat and made me want to cry.(教材P36)
我怀疑他们裁掉我是因为公司经营得不是很好，但这仍然使我喉咙哽咽，让我想哭。
I have no reason to suspect her loyalty.
我没有理由怀疑她的忠诚。
He is a suspect murder.他是个谋杀嫌疑犯。
Some of the evidence they produced was highly suspect.
他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。
suspect sb./sth.怀疑某人/某事
suspect sb.of (doing) sth.怀疑某人(干)某事
suspect sb./sth.as/to be...怀疑某人/某物为……
suspect＋that...怀疑……
Whom do the police suspect？警方在怀疑谁？
What made you suspect him of having broken the glass?
你凭什么怀疑是他打坏的玻璃呢？
We all suspect her as/to be an actress，but no one knows her.我们都猜想她是一名演员，但没有人认识她。
【教师备课资源】　
suspicion n．怀疑，嫌疑；看法，感觉
suspicious adj.怀疑的，可疑的
be suspicious of/about怀疑……
完成句子
①他看起来很无辜，但警察怀疑他杀了人。
He looks innocent，but the police________a murder.
②我怀疑他打破了那扇窗。
I____________having broken the window.
【答案】　①suspect him to be　②suspect him of
8．I felt as_if I had done something wrong！(教材P36)我感觉自己似乎做错了什么！
as if/though引导方式状语从句。as if意为“似乎，好像”，可以位于系动词look，seem，feel，sound，smell等后引导表语从句，以及act，treat等之后引导方式状语从句。
She looks as if she were ten years younger than me.
她看起来好像比我年轻10岁。
(1)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气。常与look，seem，taste，smell，sound等词连用。
(2)as if引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大的比喻，通常用虚拟语气，其形式如下：
①如果从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。
②如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had＋过去分词”。
③如果从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
It seems as if the boy has lost his way.
好像这个男孩迷路了。
He is a happy and lucky man as if he has no worries and cares in the world.他是个无忧无虑的人，好像世上没有什么让他烦恼和发愁的事。
He walks as if he were drunk.
他走起路来像是喝醉了似的。
【对接高考】　
(2012·北京高考)Don't handle the vase as if it________made of steel.
A．is B．were
C．has been D．had been
【解析】　句意：不要这么拿这个花瓶，就好像它是钢制成似的。本题考查虚拟语气。as if意为“好像”，分析句意可知as if后面的句子须使用虚拟语气，并且所述情况是对现在事实的假设，因此使用一般过去时，故选择B项。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①看起来天好像要下雨。
It looks ________________________________________________________________________.
②他英语讲得很好，好像他在英国生活了多年似的。
He speaks English perfectly ________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】　①as if it is going to rain　②as if/though he had lived in England for many years
9．I decided that it_was_time I became an Internet user.(教材P36)我觉得是成为互联网用户的时候了。
It's time that结构用于表示“是该……的时候了”。that后面的句子应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”或用一般过去时。
It's time that I went to bed.
＝It's time that I should go to bed.我该去睡觉了。
It's time that I went home.我该回家去了。
“是该做某事的时候了”的几种表达方式：
It is time for sth.
It is time to do sth.
It is time (for sb.)to do sth.
It is time for doing sth.
It is time (that) sb.should do sth.
It is time for us to do our homework.我们该做作业了。
It is time to go to bed.该上床睡觉了。
【教师备课资源】　
time作“次数”讲时的常用句型：
It/This/That is/was the first/second/third/...time that...这/那是某人第一/二/三/……次做某事(主句用is，从句用现在完成时；主句用was，从句用过去完成时)。
完成句子
①他该到我们家吃晚饭了。
It is time that he________________to our house for dinner.
②到我们植树的时候了。
It's time for us ________________.
【答案】　①should come/came　②to plant trees
10．instruct vt.教导；指导
I got my grandson to instruct me on how to email and use the Internet and I really enjoy the speed at which my messages get sent and answered.(教材P36)
于是让孙子教我怎样收发电子邮件和使用互联网，我真的很喜欢信息的传送和回复速度。
She instructs music once a week at a middle school.
她在中学每周教一次音乐课。
We should instruct the passengers what customs regulations are.我们该向乘客说明海关规则是什么。
①instruct sb./sth.教某人/某事
instruct sb.in sth.教授某人某事
instruct sb.to do sth.指示/吩咐某人做某事
instruct(sb.)that/wh-cl命令(某人)……
instruct(sb.)wh-to do教(某人)……做……
②instruction n．指导；指示；用法说明
follow the instructions按照说明
on sb.'s instructions按照某人的吩咐
under (sb.'s) instructions在(某人的)教导下
Greater effort is needed to instruct children in road safety.
需要更大的努力来教导孩子们的道路安全意识。
The captain instructed the soldiers to retreat.
上尉命令士兵们撤退。
On his instructions，the luggage had been sent on.
按照他的吩咐，行李已经先行送走。
I instruct him how to do the work.
我教他怎样干这项工作。
完成句子
①我的工作是教你们英语。
My job is ____________.
②他吩咐我立即把信寄出去。
He____________the letter at once.
【答案】　①to instruct you in English　②instructed me to post
11．aside from除……之外
And aside from emailing，it's fun to see and talk to my grandchildren in the US on the i-Cam.(教材P36)
除了收发电子邮件，我用网上镜头看到了在美国的外孙并且同他们谈话，太有趣了。
I've finished aside from the last question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
Aside from their house in London，they also have a villa in Spain.他们在伦敦有一座房子，此外在西班牙还有一栋别墅。
besides/except/except for/aside from
besides
除……之外(还有)，除去部分在整体之内
except
除……之外(别无)，除去部分不在整体之内，常与nothing，all，none等不定代词连用
except for
除了……，表示从细节上对整体进行修正
aside
(apart)
from
除了……(还有)；除了……(别无)，除去部分既可在整体之内，又可在整体之外
Is there anyone else we know besides Will?
除了威尔，还有我们认识的人吗？
You can have any of the cakes except this one.
除了这块蛋糕外，你可以吃任何一块。
The roads were empty except for a few cars.
除了几辆小汽车之外，公路上空荡荡的。
Aside from the kitchen，the house is very nice.
除了厨房外，这所房子哪儿都好。
用besides，except，except for和aside from填空
①This article is good，__________a few spelling mistakes.
②They all went there ________Tow，who was ill.
③__________making a promise，he kept it.
【答案】　①except for/aside from　②except　③Besides/Aside from
12．bury vt.埋葬；隐藏；专心致志
So many people think that after you retire，all you can do is switch off your brain and bury everything you've ever learnt.(教材P36)很多人认为退休后你能做的所有的事就是关闭大脑，埋葬你曾经所学过的所有的东西。
The miners were buried alive when the tunnel collapsed.地道塌方，矿工都被活埋在里面。
She always has her head buried in a book.
她总是埋头读书。
be buried alive被活埋
be buried in thought沉思
bury one's head/face in one's hands用手捂住头/脸
bury oneself in one's work/studies埋头工作/学习
He buried his face in his hands.他双手掩面。
He buried himself in his work.他埋头工作。
完成句子
①他埋头学习，不知道其他人都早已离开了。
________________，he didn't know that all the others had left.
②他双手掩面而泣。
He____________and wept.
【答案】　①Buried in his study/Because he was burried in his study　② buried his face in his hands
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会虚拟语气的用法。
①I decided that it_was_time I became_an Internet user.
②In the past，if someone had_worked for a company for over 20 years，they would_have_stayed there until retirement!
③I_felt_as_if_I_had_done something wrong!
[自我总结]
1．在“it is/was time(that)．..”结构中that引导的句子用________语气，即用________或________，但should不可省略。
2．在if引导虚拟的条件句中，如果与过去事实相反，从句谓语用________，主语谓语用Would/should/could/might________。
3．在as if引导的方式状语从句中，如果所表示的情况不是事实，通常用________语气，如果从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用________。
【答案】　1.①虚拟　一般过去时；should＋动词原形　2.过去完成式(had done)；＋have done；3.虚拟；“had＋过去分词”
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气的使用范围及判断
1．虚拟语气表示一种假设。它主要用于由if引导的条件状语从句中，也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句中。
2．if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断。
虚拟语气的假设，通常有三种情况：与过去事实相反，与现在事实相反，与将来事实可能相反。
3．后退一步法。
后退一步法指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态，即在非真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是：与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示；与现在事实相反，在从句中用一般过去时形式表示；与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。
主句中则用would，should，could等情态动词加动词形式。
If I had come here yesterday，I would have seen him.
如果我昨天来这儿，我就能见到他了。
If I were a teacher，I would be strict with my students.
如果我是老师，我将会严格要求学生。
If it should snow tomorrow，they couldn't go out.
如果明天下雪，他们就不能外出了。
4．注意：
(1)if条件句中如有were，should，had，可以省去if，并用倒装语序。
(2)在现代英语中，if条件状语从句中的谓语动词如果是be，其过去式一般用were。
二、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法
虚拟条件句
主句
与现在事
实相反的
假设
If＋主语＋动词的过去式(be动词用were)
主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
与过去事
实相反的
假设
If＋主语＋had＋过去分词
主语＋should/would/could/might＋have＋过去分词
与将来事
实可能相
反的假设
①If＋主语＋动词过去式
②If＋主语＋were to＋动词原形
③If＋主语＋should＋动词原形
主语＋should/would/could/might＋动词原形
If you had taken my advice，you would not have failed in the exams.假如你听了我的建议的话，你就不会考试不及格了。(实际上没考好)
If you came tomorrow，we would have the meeting.
假如你明天来的话，我们就开会。
If it were to rain tomorrow，the sports meeting would be put off.如果明天下雨，运动会就推迟。
If he should not come tomorrow，we should put off the meeting till next Monday.
假如他明天不来，我们将会议推迟到下周一。
使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点：
1．当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时(被称为“错综时间条件句”)，动词的形式要根据它所表示的时间作相应的调整。
If you had studied hard before，you would be a college student now.
假如你以前努力学习，你现在就是一位大学生了。
2．在条件句中可省略if，把were，had，should提到句首，变为倒装句式。
If I were at school again，I would study harder.
→Were I at school again，I would study harder.
如果再次回到学校的话，我会更加努力地学习。
If you had come earlier，you would have caught the bus.→Had you come earlier，you would have caught the bus.如果早点来的话，你肯定赶上了公交车。
If it should rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.
→Should it rain tomorrow，we would not go climbing.
明天下雨的话，我们就不去爬山。
注意：若省略的条件句中的谓语动词为否定，不能用动词的缩略形式。如：Were it not for the expense，I would go abroad now.如果不是费用问题，我现在就出国了。但不能说：Weren't it for the expense，I would go abroad now.
3．用介词短语代替条件状语从句。常用的介词有with，without，but for。
What would you do with a million dollars？(if you had a million dollars)
假如有一百万的话，你会做什么？
We couldn't have finished the work ahead of time without your help.(if we hadn't got your help)
Without your help，we couldn't have finished the work ahead of time.
(＝But for your help，...＝If it had not been for your help，...＝Had it not been for your help，...)
如果没有你的帮助，我们是不能提前完成工作的。
4．含蓄条件句。
有时为了表达的需要，在虚拟语气中并不总是出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。
I was ill that day.Otherwise，I would have taken part in the sports meeting.
(副词)那天我病了。要不然我就参加运动会了。
He telephoned to inform me of your birthday，or I would have known nothing about it.(连词)
是他打电话告诉我你的生日的，否则我什么都不知道。
A man who stopped drinking water would be dead in about seven days.(定语从句)一个人7天左右不喝水就会死。
I might have given you more help，but I was too busy.(连词)
我本可以给你更多帮助的，但我太忙了。
(对应学生用书第59页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·天津高考)We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold________us a ride home.
A．didn't offer　　　　　B. wouldn't offer
C．hasn't offered D. hadn't offered
【解析】　句意：昨天如果Harold不让我们搭车回家的话，我们就会叫出租车了。考查虚拟语气。根据“would have called...yesterday”可知此句为与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，所以其从句用过去完成时。
【答案】　D
2．(2012·山东高考)If we________adequate preparations，the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A．haven't made B．wouldn't make
C．didn't make D．hadn't made
【解析】　句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此成功。本题考查虚拟语气。由主句中的wouldn't have been so successful可知 ，表示与过去事实相反，if从句中要用过去完成时，故选D。
【答案】　D
3．(2012·江西高考)We________have bought so much food now that Suzie won't be with us for dinner.
A．may not B．needn't
C．can't D．mustn't
【解析】　句意：既然Suize不和我们共进晚餐，我们本不必买那么多的食物。本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知这里表示与过去事实相反的假设，need't have done表示本不需要做某事。A：可能不；C：不可能；D：禁止，不能与have done sth.连用。
【答案】　B
4．________for the free tickets，I would not have gone to the film so often.
A．If it is not B．Were it not
C．Had it not been D．If they were not
【解析】　考查虚拟语气。句意：如果不是因为这些免费的票，我不会那么经常去看电影。依据语境，从句部分要用过去完成时假设过去的情况；为了加强语气，可将if省略，把had/should/were提前，构成倒装。
【答案】　C
5．It's hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I________in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown.
A. wouldn't have fallen B. had not fallen
C. should fall D. were to fall
【解析】　本题考查了混合型虚拟条件句，主句是对现在情况的推测，从句表示对过去的假设。句意：如果不是在7岁的时候爱上家乡的Melinda Cox图书馆，很难想象我今天会在做什么。
【答案】　B
6．If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.But it ________all day.
A．rained B．rains
C．has rained D．is raining
【解析】　If the weather had been better，we could have had a picnic.这个条件句的谓语是表过去的时间，即过去时间段上的虚拟。故而可以判断答案rained。这里通过前面的语境及谓语结构来判断，这是解答虚拟语气试题的关键。
【答案】　A
7．If we had taken such effective measures much earlier, the river________so seriously now.
A．is not polluted
B．would not be polluted
C．had not been polluted
D．would not have been polluted
【解析】　从句表示对过去情况的假设，而主句则表示对现在情况的假设，结合错综时间条件句中主从句谓语动词的形式可知B项正确。
【答案】　B
8．But for the help of my English teacher, I________the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A．would not win B．would not have won
C．would win D．would have won
【解析】　考查虚拟语气与时态。句意：要不是我的英语老师的帮助，我就不能获得英语写作比赛的一等奖。此处虚拟语气表示与过去事实相反，句子谓语动词用would/should/could/might＋have done结构，故选B。
【答案】　B
9．Without the sun，none of the living things on earth ______.
A．existed
B．would exist
C．would have been existed
D．exists
【解析】　句意：要是没有太阳，地球上就没有任何的生命存在。Without the sun表示与现在情况相反的条件，故主句中使用虚拟语气，谓语的形式为：would/should/could/might＋动词原形。
【答案】　B
10．________the warning message, more lives would have been lost in the flood.
A．Regardless of B．Instead of
C．But for D．Except for
【解析】　句意：要不是有警报，会有更多的人在洪水中丧命。but for表示的暗含条件的虚拟语气。故选C。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
1．If you had tried harder，you ________(pass) your exam.
2．They wouldn't have gotten it done today if I ________(help) them.
3．If the bus ________(delay)，I might have arrived on time.
4．If the weather had been more favorable，the crop ______(grow) still better.
5．He knew that if he ________(be) white，he could have been a successful professional man.
6．________I________(take)an umbrella with me，I wouldn't have been caught in the rain.
7．If I were you，I ________(miss)the film last night.
8．I ran all the way to school，otherwise I________(be)late.
9．If I knew his telephone number，I________(tell)you.
10．If he __________(come)here tomorrow，I could talk to him.
【答案】　1.could/would have passed　2.hadn't helped
3．had not been delayed　4.would be growing　5.were　6.Had；taken　7.wouldn't have missed　8.would have been　9.would tell　10.should come/were to come/came
Period ⅢDifferent Schools & Teachers
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
4．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练掌握虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用。
●教学地位
听力是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容。听力训练是英语语言交流的一项基本技能，让学生了解听的技巧和提高听的能力是至关重要的。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
???
?
?让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第61～65页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。??
　　　　　?
???
(对应学生用书第60页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P40课文，判断句子正误
1．Graham was not diligent before Mr.Jenkins came into his life.(　　)
2．Graham gave a presentation to his class because he was good at maths.(　　)
3．Brian Jenkins was proud of Graham's success.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　T　F　T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P40课文，选择最佳选项
1．Which of the following sentences is TRUE?
A．I was good at maths only.
B．I often visit Mr Jenkins now.
C．Mr Jenkins loves teaching very much.
2．Mr Jenkins used to explain difficult things to his students by________.
A．giving comparisons
B．giving practical examples
C．discussing with his students
3．Mr Jenkins feels________when he sees Graham on TV.
A．encouraged
B．disappointed
C．proud
4．Why does Mr Jenkins love teaching?
A．His wife wants him to do so.
B．He can get access to children's minds.
C．Being a teacher can earn enough money to support his family.
5．It was likely that Graham was greatly impressed by Mr Jenkins'________.
A．interesting teaching method
B．courage
C．witness
【答案】　1—5　CBCBA
(对应学生用书第61页)
1．Some schools teach how to pass tests so_that the students can go to university.(教材P38)
有些学校教授如何通过考试，以便学生能上大学。
so that在这里引导目的状语从句，意为“为了……”，相当于“in order that”。so that引导目的状语从句时，常与can，could，be able to连用。
We decided to hold a meeting so that we might discuss the matter.我们决定开会来讨论这件事。
CCTV has set up a new channel so that the Chinese children can have a TV channel of their own.
中央电视台开设了一个新频道，以便中国的儿童能拥有自己的频道。
so that也可以引导结果状语从句，意为“结果……；因此……；以致……”。但作此用法时，一般不与can，could，be able to连用。
Nothing was heard of her，so that she was thought to be dead.没有听到任何关于她的消息，因此人们认为她已经死了。
Man has killed too many animals，so that there are fewer and fewer kinds of animals left.
人类猎杀了过多的动物，结果动物的种类越来越少。
【提示】　so that引导的目的状语从句常不用逗号；而引导结果状语从句需用逗号与主句隔开。
完成句子
①他们动身早，以便能赶上早班车。
They left early________________________________________________________________________.
②他学习努力，因此通过了这次考试。
He worked hard，________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】　①so that they could catch the early bus
②so that he passed the exam
2．alternative adj.可选择的；另类的 n．可供选择的事物；可供……
Jack had a“traditional”education and Nicholas had an“alternative”one.(教材P38)杰克接受了“传统”教育，而尼古拉斯则接受了“可选择的”教育。
I offered the alternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.
我提议这次假期不是到山上就是到海边去。
If payment is not received legal action will be our only alternative.
如果我们收不到付款，起诉将是我们唯一的选择。
①have no alternative but to do...除做……之外别无选择
②alter v．改变；更改；变更；修改
③alternate adj.(两种事物)轮流的；交替的 v．轮流；使交替发生或出现
④alternatively adv.替换地；作为一个代替的办法
We have no alternative but to go on.
除了继续下去，我们别无选择。
We could take the train or alternatively go by car.
我们可坐火车去，也可以坐公共汽车去。
完成句子
①实在不得已，他只好请假几天。
He had______________ask for a few days' off.
②她瘦了以后，衣服也得修改了。
She had to________________after losing weight.
【答案】　①no alternative but to　②alter her clothes
3．reflect vt.反映；反射 reflects思考
Our school motto reflects the importance we place on good manners，hard work and success.(教材P38)
我们的校训反映出我们注重礼貌、努力学习和成功。
Our newspaper aims to reflect the views of the local community.我们的报纸旨在表达当地人民的心声。
Wear somthing white—it reflects the heat.
穿件白色的衣服——它能反射热。
①reflect sb./sth.in sth.(从某物中)映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth.from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声音等)
reflect on/upon sth.思考某事
②reflection n．倒影；反映；考虑
She could see herself reflected in his eyes.
她在他眼里看到了自己。
I'm sitting in the small yard，reflecting on the plan.
我坐在小院子里，想着这个计划。
The moon looks bright because of the reflection of light.
月亮由于光的反射看上去很亮。
【对接高考】　
(2010·湖北高考)Just as the clothes a person wears，the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time，his house________his personality.
A．resembles　　　　　　　B．strengthens
C．reflects D．shapes
【解析】　句意：住房和一个人的穿着、他所吃的食物以及他所交往的朋友一样，也能反映一个人的性格。resemble与……相像/类似；strengthen 加强，增强；reflect反映，表明；shape形成，塑造。
【答案】　C
巧记reflect词义：
　　　　　　　反射　　　　　　　　　　思考
完成句子
①His face____________(映在)the mirror.
②She is____________(认真思考)the matter.
【答案】　①was reflected in　②reflecting on/upon
4．reputation n．名誉；名声
Due to the limited number of places and our excellent reputation，students should apply early.(P38)由于学校的声誉好但地方有限，所以学生们应早来登记。
He has a good reputation as a doctor.
身为医生，他有很好的声誉。
If the fact is published，it will ruin your reputation.
一旦公布了事实真相，就会有损于你的名声。
have a good/bad reputation名誉好/坏
have a reputation for sth.＝have the reputation of 因……而著名；以……闻名
live up to one's reputation久负盛名；名副其实
of great/good/high reputation很有声望的；享有盛名的
The store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.
该店买卖公平，声誉极佳。
The weather in England is living up to its reputation.
英国的天气真是名副其实。
reputation/fame
reputation
“名誉，声望”，着重指他人所持有的对某人或某物的看法，可以是好的，也可以是坏的
fame
“名声，声望”，特别是好名声
His approach had won him a reputation as a tough manager.他的做事方式使他成为以强硬著称的经理。
She won fame as a singer before she became an actress.她当女演员之前作为歌手已经有了名气。
用reputation，fame填空
①He has a________for generosity.
②She went to Hollywood in search of________and fortune.
【答案】　①reputation　②fame
5．select vt.挑选
Well，select another one then.(教材P39)
那么，挑选另一个吧。
He selected a shirt to match his suit.
他挑选了一件衬衫来配那套西服。
Our shops select only the very high-quality products.
我们商店都是精选的质量非常高的产品。
select/choose/pick
select
强调在广泛的范围内进行“精选或淘汰”，侧重按客观标准进行选择。
choose
侧重根据个人意愿和判断从众多的对象中进行选择，着重指被选者的优点。
pick
为口语化，强调“在众多事物之中进行仔细挑选”。
All our hotels have been carefully selected for the excellent value they provide.
我们住的旅馆都是精心挑选的，最为合算。
You can choose a book from these.
你可以从这些书中选一本。
I have picked out the bad potatoes from the basket.
我已从篮子里把烂土豆拣出来了。
用select，pick out，choose填空
①He looked through the suits and ________the cheapest one for me.
②________ all the words in the poem that suggest despair.
③He ________his words carefully，hoping to avoid a quarrel.
【答案】　①selected　②Pick out　③chose
6．to a certain extent在某种程度上
To a certain extent，you're right.(教材P39)
从某种程度上来说，你是正确的。
He breaks the law to a certain extent.
从某种程度上来说，他犯了法。
Open-cut mining will destroy the ecological environment to a certain extent.
露天开采在一定程度上会造成生态环境破坏。
to some extent多少；有些
to such an extent that...达到此种程度以至于/甚至……
to what extent/degree达到什么程度
to a degree有些；稍微
to a high degree非常；极
The carpet was badly stained，to such an extent that you couldn't tell its original colour.
这块地毯已经脏得辨认不出原来的颜色了。
The film was boring to a degree.
这部影片非常枯燥。
完成句子
①他变得简直让我认不出来了。
He has changed________________that I no longer recognized him.
②这在多大程度上符合所有学校的情况？
________________，is this true of all schools?
【答案】　①to such an extent　②To what extent/degree
7．set off引起爆炸；导致；出发
I remember that he let me pour some powder into the rocket and then another student lit a flame to set it off.(教材P40)我记得他让我把一些火药倒入火箭内，然后另外一个学生点火把它发射出去。
Our drifting team will set off after a while.
一会儿我们的漂流队伍就要出发了。
A gang of boys were setting off fireworks in the street.
一帮男孩子正在街上放烟火。
set out(to do)着手做……；出发；动身
set about...(doing)着手做……
set up创立，成立；创(纪录)
set down放下；记下；写下
set aside留出，省出；把……放在一边
She set out to break the world record.
她一心努力要打破世界纪录。
We need to set about finding a solution.
我们需要着手寻找一个解决办法。
We try to set aside some money every month.
我们每个月都尽量存点钱。
【教师备课资源】　
set sail起航
set back推迟，延误
set sb.free释放某人
set foot in/on到达，进入；参观
set forth出发，动身
set to开始干起来；开始
【对接高考】　
(2012·浙江高考)Armed with the information you have gathered，you can________preparing your business plan.
A．set out　　　　　　　　B．set about
C．set off D．set up
【解析】　句意：有了你所收集的信息，你可以开始准备你的商业计划了。此题考查动词词组辨析。set about doing sth.开始做某事，符合句意。set out后面要跟动词不定式；set off出发，启程，后面要跟动词不定式或介词，如：“I'll set off early to avoid the traffic jam.”或“Jerry and I set off for the beach on foot.”set up“创立，建立”，后面常跟名词。
【答案】　B
用介词、副词填空
①When shall we set________the temple?
②They set______working as soon as they got there.
③When the sun set ________，we went home.
④Who set________this school?
【答案】　①off/out for　②about　③down　④up
8．I know that I wasn't a willing student and I_shouldn't_have_been_so_difficult at school，but it was probably because I lacked confidence in myself.(教材P40)我知道我不是一个特别上进的学生，我知道我本来不该这么叛逆，但那也许是因为我太缺乏自信了。
(1)should have done sth.意为“本应该做某事而实际未做”，其否定式意为“本不应该做某事而做了”。
You should have helped him fully.
你本应全力帮助他。
He shouldn't have gone there so early.
他不该那么早去那里。
①should have＋过去分词 有时表示“竟然做……”的语气。
②needn't have＋过去分词，表示做了不必做的事，相当于“didn't need to do”，意为“其实没必要做……”。
③ought to have＋过去分词，表示动作按理该发生，但实际上未发生。
④could have＋过去分词，表示过去本能够做却未做。
He should have done it like that！他竟敢那样做！
It's fine today，You needn't have taken the umbrella.
今天天气不错，你真没有必要带上雨伞的。
You could have handed in your homework on time.
你本能按时交上作业的。
【教师备课资源】　
其他“情态动词＋have done”结构聚集：
must have done一定做了……(对过去的肯定情况把握较大的推测)
can't have done不可能做了……(对过去的否定情况把握较大的推测)
might have done本可能做……而没有做(表示责备、惋惜之情)；可能已经做了……(对过去的情况进行推测)
may have done可能已经做了……(对过去情况的推测)
【对接高考】　
(2012·北京高考)We________the difficulty together，but why didn't you tell me?
A．should face B．might face
C．could have faced D．must have faced
【解析】　句意：我们本来可以一起面对困难的，但是为什么你不告诉我？本题考查情态动词表可能性。根据题干中didn't 可知语境为过去，空格处表示“本来能够……”，故选择C项。A项和B项的时态与语境不符；D项表示对过去事情的肯定推测，语气过于肯定，与句意不符。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①你本该昨天把这项任务完成的。
You____________this task yesterday.
②你本没必要把这件事告诉她的。
You ____________ her the thing.
【答案】　①should have finished　②needn't have told
(2)lack v．& n. 缺乏；没有
We never lack food and clothing if we're willing to work.如果我们愿意工作，就不会缺吃少穿。
But they could not finish their work because they lacked money.但是因为缺钱，他们无法完成这一项工作。
for lack of因缺乏……
have no lack of不缺乏……
lack for缺乏
be lacking in缺乏
(a) lack of...缺乏……
They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求。
The child seems to be lacking in intelligence.
这孩子似乎智力低下。
Lack of job opportunities results in severe unemployment.工作机会的缺乏导致严重的失业现象。
【对接高考】　
(2010·福建高考)More and more high-rise buildings have been built in big cities ________space.
A．in search of B．in place of
C．for lack of D．for fear of
【解析】　句意“因为缺乏空间，在城市里越来越多的高层建筑被建起来了。”“in search of表示“寻找”，in place of表示“代替”，for lack of表示“因缺乏”，for fear of表示“害怕”。
【答案】　C
用lack的短语填空
③She showed________humor.
④He cannot buy it________money.
⑤He________responsibility.
【答案】　③a lack of　④for lack of　⑤lacks/is lacking in
9．access n．接近或进入之路
The thing about being a teacher is that you have access to children's minds when they are open and eager to learn.(教材P40)一个老师的职责就是当孩子们渴望学习时你能够进入他们的内心(理解他们)。
Only high officials had access to the president.
只有高级官员才有机会见到总统。
There is no access to the street through that door.
那个门不通向大街。
①access to＋n. 通往……的入口
have/get/gain access to拥有使用/接近……的机会
give(sb.)access to准许(某人)使用或见……
②accessible adj.可接近的；可进入的；可使用的
be accessible to sb.某人可接近/使用/进入
You can easily get access to him.你能很容易接近他。
The court gave him access to his child at weekends.
法庭准许他周末看看孩子。
The only access to that cottage is across the farmland.
到达农舍的唯一通路是穿过农田。
完成句子
①他们无法获得干净的水和食物。
They don't__________________clean water and food.
②大部分的学校都使用计算机和互联网。
Most schools________________computers and the Internet.
【答案】　①have access to　②have access to
10．worthwhile adj.值得努力的
And if what I do as a teacher can help turn a child like Graham into such a successful adult，then I know what I'm doing is worthwhile.(教材P40)
作为老师如果我所做的能够帮助一个像格雷厄姆这样的孩子变成如此成功的成年人，那么我知道我所做的一切都是值得的。
The smile on her face made it all worthwhile.
她脸上的笑容使得这一切都非常值得。
And you'll meet people who make you feel worthwhile again.你会再次遇到你觉得值得你付出的人。
You ought to spend more of your time on some worthwhile reading.你应该多花点时间做些有价值的阅读。
worthwhile/worth/worthy
worthwhile
It is worthwhile doing/to do sth.值得做某事
worth
be worth doing...……值得被做
be worth sth.值得……
worthy
be worthy of＋n.……值得……
be worthy of being done某事值得被做
be worthy to be done某事值得被做
It is worthwhile to discuss the plan again.
这个计划值得再讨论一次。
If a thing is worth doing，it is worth doing well.
如果一件事情值得你去做，那么也值得你去把它做好。
His behaviour is worthy of great praise.
＝His behaviour is worthy of being praised.
＝His behaviour is worthy to be praised.
他的行为应该受到高度赞扬。
用worthwhile，worth，worthy填空
①The film is so moving that it is________seeing again.
②His achievements are________of record.
③Teaching is considered a________job in many countries.
【答案】　①worth　②worthy　③worthwhile
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会虚拟语气在其他从句中的应用。
①I wish I was successful with all my students as I was with Graham.
②My wife often wishes that I had_chosen a job with less stress but I love what I do.
[自我总结]
1．wish后常接宾语从句，从句一般用________语气，表示一种不可能实现的________。
2．如果从句表示与现在事实情况相反，则谓语动词用
________，be 的形式用________但在单数人称中也可用was；与过去事实情况相反，则谓语动词用________。
【答案】　1.虚拟；愿望　2.过去时；were；过去完成时
虚拟语气
一、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用
1．用于宾语从句中
(1)wish后面的宾语从句一般用虚拟语气，表示一种不可能实现的愿望。其谓语动词的构成形式为：

I wish (that) I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我多么希望我是一只小鸟，能在空中自由地飞翔。
I wish (that) I had met that film star yesterday.
我多么希望我昨天碰到了那个电影明星。
(2)用于表示建议、愿望、命令等词后的宾语从句中，常见的动词有：demand，order，require，insist，suggest，propose，advise等。宾语从句中的虚拟语气结构为“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
He suggested that we (should) start off early the next day.他建议我们明天早点出发。
The doctor ordered that the patient (should) be sent to hospital without delay.
医生命令不要延误，马上送病人到医院。
They insisted that the boy (should) go with them.
他们坚持要那个男孩和他们一起去。
(3)在would rather后的宾语从句中，也用虚拟语气，其谓语动词用过去式。
I would rather they didn't hear of the news.
我宁愿他们没听到这个消息。
(4)当suggest表示“暗示，表明”之意，insist表示“坚持认为”之意时，suggest/insist后的宾语从句谓语动词不使用虚拟语气形式，而使用陈述语气形式。
The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.
他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。
The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.
那个人坚持说他从来没有偷过钱。
2．用于主语从句中
It is desired/suggested/proposed/necessary/important/strange/natural/a pity/essential＋that从句，从句中的谓语动词用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
It is suggested that the meeting should be put off till next week.大家建议把会议推迟到下周。
It is strange that he should have acted toward his parents like that.很奇怪，他竟然那样对待他的父母。(act动作在主句谓语动词is动作之前，要用should have＋过去分词)
注意　以上句式也可以用陈述语气。
It's strange that he didn't come yesterday.
真奇怪，他昨天没来。
It's a pity that you can't dance.
真遗憾，你不能跳舞。
3．用于表语从句和同位语从句中
在suggestion，proposal，order，plan，idea，request，advice等名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中要用虚拟语气。其构成是“should＋动词原形”。
My idea is that we should think it over before accepting the plan.我的意见是我们接受这个计划之前应三思。
We all agreed to his suggestion that we should go to Dalian for sight-seeing.
我们都同意他的建议，应去大连旅游。
二、as if/as though用在虚拟语气中
如果as if引导的从句谓语动词与主句谓语动词所表达的动作同时发生，as if从句用过去时；如果as if从句谓语动词先于主句谓语动词，as if从句谓语动词用过去完成时；如果as if从句谓语动词后于主句谓语动词，as if从句用过去将来时。
He looks as if he were an artist.
(同时)他看起来好像是个艺术家。
She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于)她的英语说得如此流利，好像她在美国学过英语似的。
三、虚拟语气用于定语从句中
It is (high) time (that)．..句型中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式或should＋动词原形(其中should不能省略)。此句型意为“(现在)该……”，用来提议。
It is (high) time that you went to school.
该是你上学的时间了。
It is (high) time that we should start out.
我们该出发了。
四、用于if only引导的感叹句中
If only I were a flying bird!
＝How I wish I were a flying bird!
如果我是一只能飞的鸟多好啊！
If only I had seen the film!
＝How I wish I had seen the film!
多么希望我已看了那部电影！
(对应学生用书第65页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．How I wish every family________a large house with a beautiful garden.
A．has　　　　　　　　B．had
C．will have D．had had
【解析】　句意：我多希望每个家庭都能有一所带有美丽花园的房子。wish后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，故排除A和C；该句谈的是现在的愿望，从句应用一般过去时，所以选B。
【答案】　B
2．He suggests we______to the cinema at once，otherwise we ______late.
A．must go；are B．go；will be
C．will go；will be D．would go；are
【解析】　考查虚拟语气。句意：他建议我们马上去看电影，否则我们就迟到了。suggest“建议”，其后的宾语从句中谓语为should＋动词原形，should可以省略；otherwise后的句子表示很可能发生的事情，用陈述语气，所以使用将来时。
【答案】　B
3．—What courses are you going to take next term?
—I don't know. But it's about time________on something.
A．I'd decide B．I decided
C．I decide D．I'm deciding
【解析】　It's (high/about) time...后面的从句的谓语动词通常用过去式。
【答案】　B
4．He looked as if he________the answer.
A．knew B．had known
C．knows D．has known
【解析】　句意：他看上去好像已经知道答案了。as if引导状语从句时常用虚拟语气，从句先于主句发生，从句用过去完成时。
【答案】　B
5．Robert wishes that he________business instead of history when he was in university.
A．studies B．studied
C．has studied D．had studied
【解析】　此题表示的是与过去事实相反的情况，wish后的宾语从句中的谓语动词要用过去完成式，所以用had studied。
【答案】　D
6．—It was a pity that you missed the famous star yesterday.
—If only I________to my hometown!
A．didn't return B．hadn't returned
C．shouldn't return D．wouldn't return
【解析】　本题考查if only引导的与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，因此用过去完成时。
【答案】　B
7．It is strongly suggested that measures________students to cheat in the exams.
A．be taken to prevent B．be taken to forbid
C．are taken to prevent D．are taken to forbid
【解析】　句意：强烈建议采取措施禁止学生考试作弊。suggest作“建议”讲，从句应使用虚拟语气，谓语动词要用should＋动词原形或把should省略，由此排除C、D两项；prevent的用法是prevent sb.from doing sth.，与题意不符。而forbid的用法是forbid sb.to do sth.，符合题意。
【答案】　B
8．Tom recommended me that I________accept the invitation.
A．could B．must
C．should D．might
【解析】　recommend后面的宾语从句的谓语动词要使用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形或者只用动词原形。因此C项为正确答案。
【答案】　C
9．—Do you mind if I keep pets in this building?
—________.
A．I'd rather you didn't，actually
B．Of course not.It's not allowed here
C．Great！I love pets
D．No，you can't
【解析】　句意：——你介意我在这幢楼里养宠物吗？——实际上，我宁愿你别这样做。这里考查would rather后接宾语从句的时候要用虚拟语气，注意：would rather后的从句的谓语动词用过去式。B选项自相矛盾，应排除；C、D两项答非所问。
【答案】　A
10．It is required that every student ________a foreign language before going abroad.
A．learn B．learns
C．will learn D．should have learnt
【解析】　that引导的名词性从句，前面有表示“建议，要求，命令”等意思的动词、名词或过去分词时，that从句用虚拟语气should do，should可以省略。
【答案】　A
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．We demanded that we ________(inform) of any change in the plan.
2．It's necessary that he ________(have) a recognized qualification.
3．It's high time we ________(turn) our attention to this problem.
4．If only you ________(not tell) him what I said！Everything would have been all right.
5．It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ________(not play)after 11 o'clock at night.
6．You don't have to be in such a hurry.I would rather you ________(go)on business first.
7．It is important that enough money ________(collect) to fund the project.
8．I wish I ________(sleep) longer this morning，but I had to get up and come to class.
【答案】　1.(should) be informed　2.(should) have
3．turned　4.hadn't told　5.(should)not be played　6.went　7.(should) be collected　8.could have slept
Period Ⅳ　Understanding & Communication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
2．理解课文。
3．能够根据课文内容安排，培养学生对课文的理解和听、说、读、写能力。
4．掌握写情景作文的方法。
●教学地位
本单元课时的内容是通过对文章的理解让学生了解师生关系以及师生教与学的关系。通过对课文的理解与仿写掌握对情景作文的写作方法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
我们都生活在一个科学技术快速发展，知识更新迅速的社会，人们在各种各样的工作领域中通过不断学习新知识以适应当前社会发展。那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解一下伟人对学习是怎样理解的。
●教学流程设计
???
?
???
　　　　　?
?
(对应学生用书第66页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P43课文，判断句子正误
1．We usually find answers through the Internet.(　　)
2．In the 17th century，people believe Galieo Galilei and his idea.(　　)
3．Aristotle thought the earth is still.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　T　F　T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P42－43课文，选择最佳选项
1．What is the first step to acquire knowledge and understanding？(　　)
A．To find answers.
B．To test answers.
C．To put forward questions.
2．Who solve/solved problems by thinking and analyzing according to the passage？(　　)
A．People nowadays.
B．People in the 17th century.
C．Modern scientists and thinkers.
3．What's the main idea of the sentence“All truths are easy to understand once they are discovered; the point is to discover them.”？(　　)
A．All truths are easy to discover.
B．It's most important to discover truths.
C．It's more important to understand truths than to discover them.
【答案】　1－3　C　C　B
(对应学生用书第67页)
1．acquire vt.获得；得到
It seems obvious now how we acquire knowledge and understanding.(P42)
我们如何获取知识和理解现在似乎显而易见。
She has acquired a good knowledge of English.
她英语已经学得很好。
He has acquired a reputation for honesty.
他得到了诚实的名声。
acquire/obtain/gain/attain
acquire
指经过不懈努力才获得的技术、知识等抽象的东西，也指养成习惯等。
obtain
指经过努力或付出代价或经过很长时间得到所需要的东西。
gain
指需要做出比obtain更大的努力，往往指通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西。
attain
正式用语，指经过艰苦努力才使人达到完美境地。
Through reading books can acquire knowledge.
通过读书可以增长知识。
You can obtain this information on the Internet.
你可以从因特网上获得这一信息。
I hope you will gain greater success.
我希望你将会获得更大的成功。
Can you attain the goal you have set?
你们是否能够达到你们设定的目标？
用acquire，obtain，gain，attain的适当形式填空
①He________the property with a bank loan.
②An investor________by buying stocks that go up in value.
③It is through learning that the individual________many habitual ways of reacting to situations.
④The salesperson________his sales goal for the month.
【答案】　①obtained　②gains　③acquires　④attained
2．be accustomed to习惯于
Although today we are more accustomed to typing a few key words into a search engine and waiting for the Internet to spit the answer out for us...(教材P42)
虽然今天我们更习惯于在一个搜索引擎里打出几个关键词，然后等待互联网为我们显示答案……
One grows to like that one is accustomed to.
人渐渐会喜欢所习惯的事物。
No one wishes to deal with a person who is accustomed to breaking his word.
谁也不愿意与习惯于食言的人打交道。
He is accustomed to hearing noise，because he lives right in the center of the city.
他住在市中心，所以已经习惯于噪音了。
①be/get(become/grow)accustomed to对……(变得)习惯了；习惯于……
accustomed adj.通常的；习惯的
②accustom vt.使习惯
accustom sb./oneself to...使某人/自己习惯于……
③custom n．习惯；风俗；惯例
My eyes slowly grew accustomed to the dark.
我的眼睛慢慢适应了黑暗。
These people accustomed themselves to hard work.
这些人使自己习惯于艰苦的工作。
【提示】　短语be accustomed to中的to为介词，所以后接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式。
【教师备课资源】　
英语中，常见的动词词组中to为介词的有：object to(反对)，devote...to...(把……献给……)，look forward to(盼望)，pay attention to(注意)，be used to(习惯于)，be/become addicted to(沉溺于)，adjust to(适应于)，stick to(坚持)，get down to(开始)，lead to(导致，通向)。
完成句子
①你必须使自己习惯于早起。
You must____________getting up early.
②他们很快习惯了这儿的生活。
They____________the life here very quickly.
【答案】　①accustom yourself to
②were accustomed to
3．The church and many people tended_to ignore the facts and were unwilling to challenge what they had always comfortably believed.(教材P42)
教会和许多人经常忽视事实，不愿意去挑战他们一直舒舒服服所相信的一切。
(1)tend to往往会；倾向于
The happiest tend to say they enjoy serving others in some capacity.
最快乐的人们往往说喜欢适当尽力帮助他人。
I tend to go to bed earlier during the winter.
我在冬天常常睡得比较早。
Women tend to impart their secrets to their intimate friends.女人往往喜欢把秘密向她们的好友吐露。
①tend vt.(＝take care of/look after)照管；护理
tend to do sth.有做某事的倾向；有做某事的趋势
tend to/towards sth.朝某方向
②tendency n．倾向；趋势
have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
I tend to go bed late and get up early in summer.
夏天我往往睡得晚起得早。
The sort of music I hear varies，but tends to/towards popular music.
我所听的音乐种类很多，但是倾向于流行音乐。
I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous.
我紧张时总爱唠叨。
完成句子
①His view____________(趋于)the extreme.
②The doctors and nurses are busy____________(照顾伤员)．
③You will____________(有……的倾向)to put on weight.
【答案】　①tends to/towards　②tending to the injured
③have a tendency
(2)ignore vt.忽视，不理会；不顾
I said hello to her，but she ignored me completely.
我向她打招呼，可是她根本不理我。
He ignored the speed limit and drove very fast.
他不顾时速限制，把车开得飞快。
①ignorant adj.(对某事物)不了解的；无知的
be ignorant of/about sth.不知道/没有意识到某事
②ignorance n．无知；愚昧；不知道
be in ignorance of/about sth.不知道某事
I'm ignorant of/about politics.
我不喜欢政治。
Do you mean you were in complete ignorance of the fact?
你是说这件事你完全不知情？
用ignore，ignorant填空
④Many people in a city are often________of farm life.
⑤In fact，the participation of kids should not be________to be development of community.
【答案】　④ignorant　⑤ignored
4．It_is_not_surprising_that people wanted to believe these ancient views as they had been put forward by the great philosopher Aristotle(384—322 BC)．(教材P42)
因为这些观点是伟大的哲学家亚里士多德(384—322 BC)提出来的，人们愿意相信这些古老的观点，这也不足为奇。
It is＋adj.＋that...，在该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
用于该句型的常见形容词有：necessary，strange，clear，possible，natural，important，likely，obvious等。
It is impossible that he will be here in time.
他不可能会及时到这儿。
It is surprising that nobody knows where he has gone.
很奇怪没有人知道他去哪儿。
①It＋be＋过去分词＋that...
(常见的过去分词有：said，reported，believed，supposed，ordered，(well)known，suggested...)
②It＋不及物动词＋that...
(常见的不及物动词(短语)：seem，appear，happen，turn out，occur to...)
③It＋be＋名词短语＋that...
(常见的名词短语有：a pity，a fact，a wonder，a surprise，no wonder...)
It was said that he had won the first prize.
据说他赢得了一等奖。
It happened that we were all out that day.
碰巧那天我们都不在家。
It is a pity that you didn't come in time.
很遗憾你没有及时到达。
完成句子
①据说这部小说已经被翻译成了外语。
____________ the novel has been translated into foreign languages.
②我们买一本汉英词典是有必要的。
____________we should buy a Chinese-English dictionary.
【答案】　①It is said that　②It is necessary that
5．At first，people approved_of his studies and urged him to continue，but later when he proved Aristotle wrong，they grew angry and put him in prison.(教材P42)
起初，人们赞同他的研究并鼓励他继续进行，但是当他证实亚里士多德的观点是错误的时候，人们就生气了，把他关进了监狱。
(1)approve of 赞成；赞许
Don't expect him to app