【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版选修六教师用书Unit 16 Stories

【美文阅读】　
海伦·凯勒，美国著名的盲聋女作家、教育家，她是怎样识字，又是怎样理解字义的呢？
Helen Keller
“The most important day I remember in all my life is the one on which my teacher，Anne Mansfield Sullivan，came to me.I am filled with wonder when I consider the immeasurable(无限的) contrasts between the two lives which it connects.It was the third of March，1887，three months before I was seven years old.”so wrote Helen Keller.
The morning after the arrival of her teacher，Helen was led into a room and given a doll.After she had played with it for a while，Miss Sullivan slowly spelt the letters “d-o-l-l” into her hand.At once Helen was interested in this finger play and tried to imitate her teacher.When she finally succeeded in forming the letters correctly，she was filled with pleasure and pride.Excitedly she found her way to her mother，held up her hand and wrote the letters for “doll”．And in the days that followed，she learned to spell a great many words in this way.
Helen soon learned，however，that things and actions had names.One day when she was playing with her new doll，Miss Sullivan placed the doll on her lap，made her touch it again and wrote the letters “d-o-l-l”on the palm(手掌)of her hand.This was repeated several times until Helen associated the word with the object.
“Once，as we were walking down the road to the well，I was attracted by some strange smell in the air.I asked，‘What is that strange smell in the air？’Miss Sullivan led me to the well.Someone was drawing water.She took my hand and placed it under the flowing water.”As the cool water washed Helen's hand，Miss Sullivan spelt the word “water” into her other hand，first slowly，then quickly.Helen stood still.She knew then that “w-a-t-e-r” meant the cool liquid she was now playing with both her hands.That living word gave her joy，light and hope.She did not remember what they all were；but she knew that mother，father，sister，and her teacher were among them—words that were to make the world bright for her.As her education progressed，Helen was living a new life full of excitement.She now had the key to language and was keen to use it.
We who have eyes to see and ears to hear can learn easily.But Helen could not as she was both blind and deaf.She did not allow herself to be handicapped(身体残疾的)．She made full use of all the other faculties she had to such an advantage that she became a world-famous teacher of the blind and the deaf.
【诱思导学】　
1．Why was the third of March，1887 the most important day in Helen Keller's life?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
2．How did Helen Keller learn to spell?
_______________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.Because it was the day on which Anne Mansfield Sullivan became her teacher.　2.By imitating what her teacher wrote into her hand.

Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学课标解读
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位分析
本单元是让学生初步了解名胜古迹和名人轶事的故事。通过本文的学习会使学生对生活中的事情有更深层次的理解，尽管现阶段学生的本职任务就是学习，但是通过本节的学习，让学生加深了对各种故事深层次的理解，所以，上好本堂课会增进学生和老师之间的融洽关系。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
用多媒体向学生展示几幅图片，其内容是关于历史和人物故事的，如端午节的来历和无膊钢琴家刘伟的故事等等。从而转到本单元涉及的历史故事——庞培城和生活故事——海伦·凯勒。
●教学流程设计

Ⅰ.篇章结构
根据课文内容在表格中的空格里填入最恰当的单词(每空不超过3个单词)
Pompeii：The city that became a time capsule
Time
Events & People
August 24，79 AD
1.________，a Roman writer，witnessed a terrible volcanic eruption，which buried the town 2.________．As a result，everything under the ashes was entirely forgotten by the world over the centuries.
1，600 years later
Some scientists found the 3.________ towns under the ashes.
By 1748
They had found an 4.________ and started to dig out the ancient city.Before the eruption occurred，Pompeii had been a 5.________ Roman city with everything characteristic of the time.The disaster made the city a 6.________ to human history.What impressed people most was the 7.________ of people who had been buried in the ash.
250 years after finding the city
Thousands of 8.________ and hundreds of 9.________ visit Pompeii every year to learn more about the ancient world，as it is like a 10.________ which preserves a frozen moment in history.
【答案】　1.Pliny　2.Pompeii　3.lost　4.awesome historical site　5.booming　6.monument　7.bodies
8．tourists　9.scientists　10.time capsule
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．The ancient city of Pompeii disappeared as a result of ________．
A．a flood
B．a big earthquake
C．a volcanic eruption
2．When had the scientists found the historic site of Pompeii?
A．By 79 AD.　　B．By 1600.　　C．By 1748.
3．Before the disaster happened，Pompeii was ________．
A．an abandoned city with few people
B．a rich and booming city
C．a city with undeveloped economy
4．If you visit Pompeii today，you can NOT see ________ in the streets.
A．ancient architectures
B．decorated statues and walls
C．the ashes of the city
5．The passage mainly talks about ________．
A．the story of the city of Pompeii
B．the ancient architectures of Rome
C．the effects of the volcanic eruption
【答案】　1.C　2.C　3.B　4.C　5.A
Ⅲ.课文缩写
block，occur，form，monument，erupt，sympathy，catch，characteristic，preserve，admire
On August 12th，79 AD，Mount Vesuvius，near Pompeii，Italy，1.________．The eruption produced clouds of magma(岩浆)，dust and ashes，2.________ out the sun and burying the whole town.The buried town stayed as it was for over 1，600 years until some scientists found it.They dug it out.To everyone's surprise，in a way，Pompeii is like a “time capsule”3.________ a frozen moment in history.Before the disaster 4.________，Pompeii was a booming city.Walking along the streets，tourists can not only 5.________ its ancient architecture，such as temples and theatres，statues，decorated walls and authentic objects 6.________ of the time，but also the 7.________ of the people 8.________ in the disaster，which have made the city a 9.________ to human history.On seeing them，tourists feel sorrow and deep 10.________ for these onceliving statues.Now，every year large numbers of scientists and tourists come to research and visit them，which makes the once forgotten city still live on.
【答案】　1.erupted　2.blocking　3.preserving　4.occured　5.admire　6.characteristic　7.forms　8.caught
9．monument　10.sympathy
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．abandon　　　　A．shake；quiver
2．criteria B．known to be true or genuine
3．preserve C．sadness
4．occur D．standards
5．tremble E．desert；give up completely
6．particularly F．keep or maintain(sth.) in an unchanged state
7．authentic G．happen；take place
8．sorrow H．specially；especially
【答案】　1.E　2.D　3.F　4.G　5.A　6.H　7.B　8.C
Ⅱ.短语填空
come into view，once upon a time，knock over，block out，in a way，on one's side，split up，on the way to
1．The teacher __________ the class into three groups.
2．____________，there lived an old man in the mountain.
3．__________ you're right，but it's not as simple as that.
4．Don't sleep ____________．
5．That wall ____________ all the light.
6．He passes my house ____________ school.
【答案】　1.split up　2.Once upon a time　3.In a way　4.on your side　5.blocks out　6.on the way to
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Pliny described a cloud coming_down_the mountain，blocking_out_the sun and burying_everything in its path，including whole villages and towns.
普利尼描述道，一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。
2．In a way，Pompeii is like a “time capsule”preserving_a_frozen_moment_in_history．
从某种程度上说，庞培古城如同一个时间舱，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。
3．However，much more than buildings and objects，it_is_the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that_have made the city monument_to human history.
但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓形象则更能使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。
4．Another man，lying on his side，looks as_if he is trying to get up.
躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。
Period ⅡWarm-up & Stories from History
(教师用书独具)
●教学课标解读
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写叙事性记叙文，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
(5)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，熟练掌握过去完成时的用法。
●教学地位分析
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。另外，让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应在理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Life is like a story book, from which we may read all kinds of new stories.Some stories give us a lasting impression; other stories give us a deep lesson.Now, ask a student to tell other students his/her stories.(老师让xxx同学读一读他/她写的短文)。
●教学流程设计
1．abandon(P5) vt.放弃；遗弃；沉溺
He abandoned the plan.他放弃了这个计划。
He abandoned his family.他抛弃了家人。
①abandon one's wife/hope/country
遗弃妻子/放弃希望/背弃祖国
abandon oneself to 沉溺于……；纵情于……
②abandoned adj.被遗弃的；抛弃的；自我放任的
Don't abandon yourself to despair，we'll help you.
不要陷入绝望，我们会帮助你的。
There is an abandoned garden.有一个废弃的花园。
abandon/desert/quit
abandon
指完全、永远地放弃，尤指对之负有责任或义务者。
desert
强调故意违背自己的义务、责任或誓言等。
quit
指突然或出其不意地放弃，现一般指“停止”。
The man abandoned his wife and child.
这个人遗弃了他的妻子和孩子。
He was deserted by his friends.他被朋友抛弃了。
Quit smoking in this room，please.
在这房间里请勿吸烟。
用abandon，desert，quit的适当形式填空
①The game had to be ________due to the bad weather.
②She ________ school at 17 and left home.
③Mike just ________ her when she got pregnant.
【答案】　①abandoned　②quit/quitted　③deserted
2．come into view (P5)进入视野；出现
They picked up their cases when the train came into view.当他们看到火车时，就把箱子拿起来了。
The Great Wall came into our view.
长城出现在我们眼前。
come into use 开始使用，获得应用
come into effect/force 生效
come into power/office上台，就职，当权
come into contact接触
come into being出现；产生；成立
Computers first came into use in the early 1950s.
电脑最早于20世纪50年代初期开始使用。
Josie broke the new law that first came into being in 1912.
乔西违反了1912年开始生效的那条新颁布的法律。
【提示】　come 构成的所有短语均没有被动语态；come into...表示“进入(某种状态)，开始(活动)”。
完成句子
①那湖很快映入眼帘。
The lake soon____________．
②新法令2年前已经实施。
The new law____________2 years ago.
【答案】　①came into view　②came into force
3．knock sb.over(P5) 撞倒某人
He got up for a drink of water，and knocked over a pile of books.他起床去喝水，结果打翻了一摞书。
You've knocked over my drink!
你把我的饮料打翻了！
knock down把……撞倒；拆除；把(价钱)压低
knock at敲(门、窗等)
knock into sb.撞到某人身上
knock...out of...把……从……中敲出来
knock off碰掉；碰下来；停止工作；减价
Knock at the door before you enter.
你进去之前要先敲门。
I was almost knocked down by a car.
我差点被一辆汽车撞倒。
A car ran into the street and knocked the woman off her bicycle.
一辆车冲进街道把一位女士从自行车上撞了下来。
【教师备课资源】
knock about漂泊，闲逛；连续打击
knock sb./oneself out使某人/自己筋疲力尽
knock against撞击
用knock相关短语填空。
①Knock ________ the door before you enter.
②Mr Black was knocked ________ by a motorcycle when crossing the street.
③The old houses are going to be knocked ________．
【答案】　①at　②down/over　③down
4．witness v．目击；见证 n．见证人；目击者
Around the end of the first century AD，a Roman writer called Pliny wrote about a terrible volcanic eruption that he had witnessed as a young man.(P6)
公元一世纪末左右，一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他青年时代亲眼目睹的一场灾难性火山喷发的情景。
The 1990s witnessed the rapid development of China.
20世纪90年代见证了中国的快速发展。
Police have appealed for witnesses to come forward.
警方呼吁目击者站出来。
be a witness to sth.成为……的证据
give witness to sth.为……提供证据
give witness on behalf of sb.为某人作证
in witness of作为……的证明
witness to doing sth.证实做了某事
Her principal was called to witness to her good character.她的校长被叫来证明她优良的品德。
A taxi driver witnessed to having seen the accused enter the building.
一位出租车司机作证说曾看到被告进了那座大楼。
witness/see/look/watch/notice
witness
“见证”，侧重看到某事物后，能够作为证人，提供证据。
see
“看见”，表示视觉器官有意识或无意识地看到物体，强调“看到”的结果。
look
“看”，表示有意识地观看，强调“看”的动作。
watch
“观看；注视”，指集中注意力观看。
notice
“看到；注意到”，有意识地注意，含有“从不注意到注意”的变化的意思。
Can you see the evidence of the volcano from the stone？你能从这石头上看到火山的证据吗？
Look！There is a rare old vase in the hole.
看！那洞里有一个罕见的花瓶。
Watch what I do and how I do it.
注意看我的动作和方法。
He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him.他发现有一股岩浆在朝他流来。
用look，see，watch，notice，witness的适当形式填空
①我目睹了一次事故。
I ________an accident.
②我看到一只野兔在吃草。
I ________a hare eating grass.
③看！那是什么？
________！What's that?
④孩子们正在观看一场足球赛。
The children are ________ a football match.
⑤我注意到空中有只鸟在飞。
I ________a bird flying in the sky.
【答案】　①witnessed　②saw　③Look　④watching
⑤noticed
5．occur (occurred，occurring) vi.发生；出现；存在
The eruption had occurred on August 24th，79 AD.(P6)
火山爆发发生在公元79年8月24日。
When did the accident occur?
事故是什么时候发生的？
The disease occurs most frequently in rural areas.
那种疾病多见于农村地区。
①sth.occurs to sb.(＝sth.strikes sb.)某事被某人想起
It occurs to sb.that...某人突然想起……
It occurs to sb.to do sth.某人想起做某事
②occurrence n．[C]事件；发生的事[U](事件的)发生；出现
A good idea occurred to me.
我想起了一个好主意。
It occurred to her that he was angry.
她突然发现他生气了。
occur/happen/come about/take place/break out
occur
发生；想到，突然想起；存在
happen
发生，碰巧(偶然发生，突然发生，没有计划安排)
come about
发生，产生(侧重不受控制地出现、产生)
take place
发生，举行，举办(多指非偶然性事件的发生)
break out
发生，爆发(多指战争、灾难、疾病或争吵等事件的发生)
【提示】　当说“某人想到某事”时，常用sth.occurs to sb.，用sth.作主语。occur为不及物动词，没有被动语态(同happen，take place，come about)。
【对接高考】
(2010·陕西高考)It never occurred to me ________ you could succeed in persuading him to change his mind.
A．which　　　　　　　 B．what
C．that D．if
【解析】　考查固定句型。我从来没有想到你能成功地说服他改变主意。It occurs to sb.that...的意思为“某人突然想到……”，其中that引导主语从句，it为形式主语，指代that从句的具体内容。
【答案】　C
用occur，happen，come about，take place，break out的适当形式填空
①An excellent idea ________to me when I woke up this morning.
②The accident ________at the corner.
③How did it ________that he left school?
④The next meeting will ________on Thursday.
⑤Several scuffles ________in the crowd.
【答案】　①occurred　②happened　③come about
④take place　⑤broke out
6．block out堵住；挡住；遮住；忘掉；抺去；草拟大纲；勾画轮廓；不去想(回忆)
Pliny described a cloud coming down the mountain，blocking out the sun and burying everything in its path，including whole villages and towns.(P6)
普利尼描述道，一团云自山巅而降，遮天蔽日，将所经之处的一切，包括一座座村庄和城镇统统吞没。
We put a curtain across the window to block out the sunlight.我们将帘子横挂在窗子上遮住阳光。
Over the years, she had tried to block out the story.
过去几年，她一直试图忘掉这个故事。
block in 草拟；画草图；封闭(在内)
block off封锁；关闭；阻止；隔开；挡住(视线)
block up阻挡；堵塞
block sb.'s way挡住某人的去路
My nose is blocked up with this cold.
由于伤风，我的鼻子不通气。
I'll just block in the main buildings.
我将仅把主要建筑的草图勾画出来。
完成句子
①我们勾勒出对房间布置的设想。
We____________our ideas for the room arrangement.
②他们决定关闭通往那个国家的天然气管道。
They decided to________the gas pipe to that country.
【答案】　①blocked out　②block off
7．particularly adv.特别地；尤其
This particularly sad event left a deep impression on Pliny who had lost an uncle in the eruption.(P6)
这场灾难给普利尼留下了深刻的印象，他的一位叔叔在灾难中丧生。
I particularly want to see the film Avatar.
我特别想去看电影——《阿凡达》。
Be particularly careful when driving at night.
晚上开车要特别小心。
particular adj.特殊的；特定的
in particular 特别地
be particular about...对……挑剔；对……讲究
He likes to help others，in particular those who need help.他喜欢帮助别人，特别是那些需要帮助的人。
She is very particular about her appearance.
她过于讲究外表。
particularly/especially/specially
particularly
意为“特别地，尤其地”，可以与especially互换，但particularly还可作“详细地，细致地”讲。
especially
多指某事超乎一般的重要，强调“超过其他”。
specially
指为了某一特定目的而专门做某事。
It is cold here，particularly/especially in winter.
这儿很冷，尤其是在冬天。
The restaurant is particularly/especially popular among young people.那家餐馆尤其受年轻人的欢迎。
This dress is made specially for you.
这条裙子是特地为你做的。
用especially，particularly，specially填空
①He likes the country，________ in spring.
②We came here ________ to see you，our friend.
③It has been ________ hot this week.
【答案】　①especially/particularly　②specially　③especially/particularly
8．in a/one way从某种程度上说；在某种程度上
In a way，Pompeii is like a “time capsule” preserving a frozen moment in history.(P6)
从某种程度上说，庞培古城如同一个时间舱，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。
Your job is well done in a way.
从某种程度上说，你的工作做得很好。
You are quite right in a way.
从某一方面/某种程度上来讲，你完全正确。
on the way to在去……的路上；接近(某状态)；就要；即将
in the way挡道；阻碍
in no way决不；一点也不
by the way(用于转入新的话题)顺便说；另外，还有
by way of经由；通过……的方法
There was a big truck in the way.
有一辆大卡车挡着道。
In no way should the result be seen as a defeat for the government.这个结果绝对不应被视为政府的失败。
【教师备课资源】
no way(用于表示断然拒绝或强烈反对)决不，绝对不行，没门儿
all the way自始至终，一直
in this/that way用这(那)种方法
【对接高考】
(2013·福建高考)Mrs.Smith finds it hard to clear up the mess，as her children are always ________ whenever she tries to.
A．in the way　　　　　B．on watch
C．in sight D．on the line
【解析】　考查介词短语。A项“挡道，妨碍”，B项“值班，监视”，C项“在视线中，被看见”，D项“在线上”。根据句意：史密斯太太发现想收拾一下那些乱七八糟的东西有困难，因为每当她想要做的时候她的那些孩子总是妨碍她。故答案选A。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①暴风雪即将到来。
The snowstorm is ________．
②从某种程度上说，教师像一本字典，特别是英语老师。
________，a teacher is like a dictionary，particularly an English teacher.
【答案】　①on the way　②In a way
9．However，much more than buildings and objects，it_is the forms of the people who were caught in the disaster that have made the city a monument to human history.(P6)但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓形象则更使这个城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。
本句的后半句为强调句型。其基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that (who)＋其他成分。它可以用来强调句中的某些成分，如主语、宾语、状语等，但其结构不能用来强调谓语。被强调的部分指人时用that，who均可，指事物或情况时用that。
It is the girl that (who) likes playing football in her class.在她班上喜欢踢足球的是这个女孩。
It was he that (who) was referred to at the meeting.
在会议上被提到的是他。
基本结构：It is/was ＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。
一般疑问句：Is/Was ＋it＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分？
特殊疑问句：Where/What /When等特殊疑问词＋is/was＋it＋that＋其他成分？
It is what he said that matters much.
他说的什么很重要。
Was it at eight o'clock that you started to work?
你是在8点钟开始工作的吗？
When was it that you called me yesterday?
你昨天是在什么时候给我打电话的？
【教师备课资源】
(1)强调句不能用来强调谓语，其他成分可以。被强调的部分指人时用that/who均可，指物时只能用that。
(2)强调句的判定方法：强调结构中将It is/was 和that/who去掉，原句仍成立，不影响理解，则是强调句；而以It 作形式主语，that引导主语从句的情况下，若去掉It is/was和that，则句子不是正确句子。
【对接高考】
(2013·天津高考)It was not until near the end of the letter ________ she mentioned her own plan.
A．that　　　　　　　　 B．where
C．why D．when
【解析】　考查强调句。此处考查固定句型not...until的强调句，其句型结构为：It was not until...that＋句子．故答案选A。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①他是在第二次世界大战期间死亡的吗？
__________________ he died?
②昨天你是在哪里见到的汤姆？
______________ you met Tom yesterday?
【答案】　①Was it during the Second World War that
②Where was it that
10．gather v．(使)聚集；(使)集中；搜集；收集；收拾；增长
As you walk，you will pass people gathered together for protection in their last hours of life.(P6)
当你走过时，你会看到在生命的最后时刻紧紧拥抱在一起寻求保护的人们。
People gathered in the hall for the celebration on the eve of the National Day.
国庆节前夕人们聚集在礼堂开庆祝会。
Thousands of people gathered for the pop festival.
成千上万的人聚集来参加流行音乐节。
I'll go home to gather my vegetables.我要回家收菜。
gather around/round聚拢
gather together聚集在一起
gather in 收(庄稼)
gather sth.together/up集拢
as far as I can gather 据我所知
He gathered up his papers and left the room.
他把那些文件收起来便离开了房间。
As far as I can gather, she's his niece.
据我所知，她是他侄女。
gather/collect
gather
指把原来分散的、杂乱的东西无选择地聚拢在一起，强调由个体聚集到一起成为集体。不仅可以用于人和物，还可用于抽象的东西，如把力量、印象等聚集起来；也指采花、摘果实、采蜜等。
collect
指经过精选后按一定原则或种类收集或聚集。着重于有计划、有条理地为某种目的进行细心的、有选择性的收集。
He travels about the world gathering facts about little-known disease.他走遍世界，收集鲜为人知的疾病资料。
Her hobby is collecting stamps.她的业余爱好是集邮。
用gather，collect的适当形式填空
①The policemen have spent months________evidence.
②We all ________together at the gate of the school to ________money for the blind child.
【答案】　①collecting/gathering　②gathered；collect
11．Another man，lying on his side，looks as_if he is trying to get up.(P6)躺在他身旁的另一个人看上去好像是在设法站起来。
这是一个主从复合句。Another man looks...是主句，as if在本句中引导表语从句。as if/as though(仿佛)在look、seem等系动词后引导表语从句。as if/as though还可引导方式状语从句。lying on his side是现在分词短语作后置定语，相当于非限制性定语从句。
It looks as if he knew that impressionist in the flesh.
他看起来好像认识那位印象派艺术家本人。
The child talked to us as if he were a grown-up.
那孩子跟我们谈起话来，像个成年人似的。

Ｋ
It looks as if it is going to rain.看起来要下雨了。
He talks as if he knew everything.
他说起话来好像什么都懂似的。
He spoke English as if he had studied it in England before.他英语讲得就好像之前在英国学习过似的。
【教师备课资源】
当as if引导的状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，谓语动词为be时，从句的主语与谓语动词be可以一起省略。
He put up his hand as if (he was) to ask questions.
他举起了手，好像要问问题。
【对接高考】
(2012·北京高考)Don't handle the vase as if it ________ made of steel.
A．is B．were
C．has been D．had been
【解析】　句意：拿花瓶时不要当它是钢做的一样。as if引导的方式状语从句或表语从句中常用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反的情况；又由Don't handle...可知此处应为与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，所以应用动词的过去式were，故B项正确。做对此题的关键在于牢记as if引导虚拟语气的形式。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①那个男孩好像迷路了。
It seems _____________________________________________________________.
②那女孩倾听着，一动也不动，像已经变成了石头似的。
The girl listened ____________________________________________________.
【答案】　①as if the boy has lost his way　②as if she had been turned to a stone
12．burst vi.爆炸；冲；闯vt.(使)爆裂；(使)爆炸
The building exploded because a gas pipe had burst.(P7)由于燃气管道泄漏，这座建筑物爆炸了。
You're going to burst the balloon，if you're not careful.如果不小心，你会把气球弄爆的。
Don't burst into my bedroom without knocking.
别不敲门就闯入我的卧室。
burst in 闯入，强行进入(后不加宾语)；插话
burst into＝break into强行闯入(后加宾语)
burst into tears/laughter突然大哭/大笑起来
burst out laughing/crying突然大笑/大哭
A man burst in，waving a gun.
一个男子挥动着一把枪闯了进来。
On hearing the bad news，she burst into tears.
一听到这个坏消息，她突然哭了起来。
【提示】　burst into后接表示“喜、怒、哀、乐”的名词，burst out 后接动名词，都表示“突然……起来”。
【教师备课资源】
burst forth突然出现，突然爆发出，突然喊出
a burst of突然用力，加速；突发的响声
burst upon突然出现
burst with充满
完成句子
①Tom was sleeping when a thief suddenly ________________(突然闯入房间)．
②Mary ____________________(放声大哭)when she heard the bad news.
【答案】　①burst into the room　②burst out crying/burst into tears
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会过去完成时的用法。
①By 1748，they had found an awesome historical site.
②Before the eruption occurred，it had been a booming Roman city with temples，markets，restaurants and theatres.
[自我总结]
1．从以上句子，可以看出过去完成时的构成为________________。
2．过去完成时表示在______某一时间或动作______已经发生或完成了的动作，即动作发生在________________。
【答案】　1.had＋过去分词　2.过去；之前；过去的过去
过去完成时
1．过去完成时的构成
过去完成时由助动词had(通用于各种人称和数)＋过去分词构成。
2．过去完成时的用法
(1)过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作。
I had finished my homework before supper.
我在晚饭前就把作业做完了。
(2)过去完成时还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或还要持续下去，常与for, since等词连用。
He told me that he had known her since 1997.
他告诉我他从1997年起就认识她了。
(3)用于表示与过去事实相反的虚拟条件从句
If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it.假如他昨天看到你，他就会问你这件事了。
(4)过去完成时也用于hardly...when...；no sooner...than...，It was the first time＋that从句等一些固定句型中。
He had no sooner left the room than they began to talk about him.他刚离开房间，他们就议论起他来。
We had hardly begun when we were told to stop.
我们刚开始就被叫停。
(5)表示未曾实现的希望、打算、意图、诺言、想法等，常用过去完成时。
I had hoped to see her again.
我本希望再见她一面。(没能如愿)
3．过去完成时同现在完成时及一般过去时的区别
(1)过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词have(has)＋过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：
I have learned 1，000 English words so far.
到目前为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
I had learned 1，000 English words till then.
到那时为止我已经学会了1 000个英语单词。
(2)过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
①时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”，而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较：
They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点之前就已经到达车站了。
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
他们昨天十点到达车站。
②在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy.Her whole family were pleased with her，too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.
她很高兴，她的所有家人都对她感到满意。她刚刚在作文竞赛中获得了一等奖。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·辽宁高考)He was unhappy when he sold his guitar.After all，he ________ it for a very long time.
A．has had　　　　　　　　 B．had had
C．has D．had
【解析】　考查动词时态。本题基础时态为一般过去时，他演奏吉他很长时间是发生在他卖(sold)之前，故用过去完成时态。
【答案】　B
2．(2013·北京高考)If we________a table earlier，we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
A．have booked B．booked
C．book D．had booked
【解析】　考查虚拟语气。根据句意：如果我们早点订桌的话，我们就不会在这里站着排队了。可知if从句是对过去的虚拟，用过去完成时态。
【答案】　D
3．(2013·北京高考)Shakespeare's play Hamlet ________ into at least ten different films over the past years.
A．had been made B．was made
C．has been made D．would be made
【解析】　考查动词时态。根据此句标志词over the past years应使用现在完成时态。故选C。
【答案】　C
4．—I met Tom last month.
—Really?
—Yes.We ________ each other since we graduated from college.
A．didn't meet B．hadn't meet
C．not met D．hasn't meet
【解析】　since后跟过去的时间点或过去的动作时应用现在完成时态，表示从过去一直持续到现在的动作，但此题中应注意两人相遇发生在上个月，所以是从毕业一直到上个月这段时间，故应用过去完成时。
【答案】　B
5．The moment I got home，I found I ________ my jacket on the playground.
A．had left B．left
C．have left D．was leaving
【解析】　由句意可知，leave这一动作发在found动作之前，故用过去完成时。
【答案】　A
6．—Did Alan enjoy seeing his old friends yesterday?
—Yes，he did.He ________ his old friends for a long time.
A．didn't see B．wouldn't see
C．hasn't seen D．hadn't seen
【解析】　句意：——艾伦昨天见到他的老朋友是否高兴？——他非常高兴，他已经好长时间没见到他的老朋友了。for a long time 与完成时连用，且前一句用了一般过去时，故此处应用过去完成时。
【答案】　D
7．The hotel wasn't particularly good，but I ________ in many worse hotels.
A．was staying B．stayed
C．would stay D．had stayed
【解析】　由wasn't 可知，前一分句用的是过去时，而后一分句的谓语动作显然发生在前一分句的谓语动作之前，故用过去完成时。
【答案】　D
8．He kept looking at her，wondering whether he ________ her somewhere.
A．saw B．has seen
C．sees D．had seen
【解析】　句意：他一直不停地看她，想知道在哪里是否见过她。He kept looking at her 发生在过去，见过她发生在这一动作之前，因此应用过去完成时。
【答案】　D
9．The policeman's attention was suddenly caught by a small box which ________ placed under the Minister's car.
A．has been B．had been
C．was being D．would be
【解析】　place这一动作发生在was caught之前，故用过去完成时；且place与box之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故用被动语态。
【答案】　B
10．When Jack arrived，he learned Mary ________ for almost an hour.
A．had gone B．had set off
C．had left D．had been away
【解析】　句意：当杰克到达的时候，他得知玛丽已经离开接近一个小时了。根据句意，玛丽的“离开”应该是在杰克的“到达”之前，arrived是一个过去的动作，故“离开”应该是“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。又由于后面有for＋一段时间作状语，故需用表示延续性的动词。
【答案】　D
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．We ________(paint)the house before we________(move)in.
2．Paul________(go)out with Jane after he________(make)a phone call.
3．Tom________(say)he ________(read)the book twice.
4．When the chairman________(finish)speaking，he ________(leave)the hall.
5．The young man insisted that he ________(do)nothing wrong.
6．We ________(learn)about 4，000 English words by the end of last term.
7．I waited until he ________(finish)his homework.
8．We were surprised at what she ________already________(do)．
9．She told me she ________(be)to Sanya three times.
10．The bus ________(leave)by the time I ________(get)there.
【答案】　1.had painted；moved　2.went；had made
3．said；had read　4.had finished；left　5.had done
6．had learned　7.finished　8.had；done　9.had been　10.had left；got

Period ⅢName Stories & Life Stories
(教师用书独具)
●教学课标解读
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位分析
听力是学生感到比较难以提高的能力。听力训练是英语语言交流的一项基本技能，让学生了解听的技巧和提高听的能力是至关重要的。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计

Ⅰ.判断正误
1．Helen Keller had a bad temper when she was at 7.(　　)
2．Anne's first goal was to teach Helen to learn language.(　　)
3．Helen Keller is the author of the book，The Story of My Life.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.F　3.T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．What Anne Sullivan first did was to________．
A．help her to speak and read
B．stop her from making trouble
C．teach her the language
2．Helen learned the word “water” by________．
A．drinking enough water
B．playing with water
C．feeling water and spelling
3．After Helen understood the key to language, she________．
A．lost interest in learning
B．got more and more confused
C．became interested in learning
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.C
1．name...after以……命名；按……命名
This student is named after a purple flower.(P8)
这个学生是以紫色的花命名的。
They decided to name the baby after the doctor who saved it.
他们决定以救了孩子的医生的名字来给孩子起名。
She was named after her grandmother.
她是根据祖母的名字起名的。
name sb.as...提名或任命/指定某人为……
call sb.names 谩骂某人
under the name (of)用……别名
in the name of 凭……的权威；以……的名义
by the name of 名叫……的
by name 凭名字；用……的名字
I know a man by the name of Smith.
我认识一个名叫史密斯的人。
Zhou Shuren wrote a lot of works under the name of LuXun.周树人用鲁迅的笔名写了许多著作。
He attended the party in the name of his father.
他以他父亲的名义参加了这个聚会。
完成句子
①这所大学以乔治·华盛顿的名字命名。
The college ______________George Washington.
②他用Jim这个名字写作。
He writes ________________Jim.
③我依法逮捕你。
I arrest you ____________________law.
【答案】　①is named after　②under the name of　③in the name of
2．come across偶然遇到(＝run across/run into/meet...by chance)；找到
I came across an interesting name story when I visited my cousin in Henan Province.(P8)我到河南省看望表兄时偶然听说了一个关于有趣的名字的故事。
I came across this old photograph when looking for a book yesterday.
我昨天找书的时候，偶然发现了这张老照片。
A good idea came across my mind.
我的脑海中有了一个好主意。
come out 出现；出版
come about发生；产生
come up with追上；想出；找出(答案)
come to到达；谈到(不用被动语态)
come to oneself苏醒过来，恢复镇静；恢复知觉
When it comes to tennis，you can't beat her.
说到打网球，你是赢不了她的。
Tell me how the accident came about.
告诉我事故是怎么发生的。
【教师备课资源】
come along(祈使语气)请过来，快一点儿；进展；进步
come at攻击，扑向；达到；得到
come back回来；忆起，(风尚)又流行起来
come by弄到；获得；经过；从旁边过去
come down下来，倒塌；降落
come off分离，脱落
come on跟着来，跟上来[口]得啦，快点，别胡扯啦
【对接高考】　
(2011·天津高考)She________an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.
A．turned down　　　　　　 B．dealt with
C．took after D．came across
【解析】　句意：昨天她在百货商店购物的时候碰到了一个老朋友。come across偶遇，碰见；turn down 拒绝；deal with处理，对付；take after 像，相似。根据句意选D项。
【答案】　D
用介/副词填空
①Sometimes it is hard to tell you how a quarrel come ________.
②I came ________his name on the list.
③He usually comes________some good ideas.
【答案】　①about　②across　③up with
3．count on/upon依靠，指望；期望，料想
Her father thought he was admirable because he built bridges you can really count on.(P8)她父亲认为他(李春)是受尊敬的，因为他建造了你们可以信赖的大桥。
Don't count on a salary increase this year.
别指望今年会加薪了。
May I count on your coming this evening?
我可以指望你今晚来一趟吗？
Can we count on Mrs.Benson to bring the food?
我们能指望本森太太把食物拿来吗？
count on doing sth.指望做某事
count on sth./sb.指望/依靠某人/某事
count on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事
count...in/out把……算入/不算入
count ...as...把……当做……
I'm counting on you to help me.我就靠你帮我了。
We count her as one of our oldest friends.
我们把她看作交情最久的朋友之一。
Please count me in if you are going to do it.
如果你们打算做那件事，请算我一份。
完成下列句子
①我不指望一辈子都干这个工作。
I don't __________________ for life.
②在困难的时候，你总是可以指望汤姆帮助你的。
You can always ________ Tom ________ you when in trouble.
③你别指望他，他不可信。
You cannot ______________；he is not reliable.
【答案】　①count on doing the job　②count on；to help
③count on him
4．put up with忍受；容忍
She was worried that her daughter would have to put up with too much teasing with a man's name.(P8)
她担心她的女儿由于拥有一个男子的名字将不得不忍受太多的戏弄。
We can't put up with the smell coming from the river behind our school.
我们忍受不了从学校后面那条河里发出的气味。
I can't put up with the toothache.
牙痛使我受不了。
put away储存(钱)；储存……以备用
put up举起；张贴；为……提供膳宿
put forward提出(意见、建议)
put off延期；推迟
put out熄灭；扑灭
put down放下；写下；镇压
They have to put off their wedding until December.
他们不得不把他们的婚期推迟到十二月份。
He has a few thousand yuan put away for his retirement.他已为退休生活积攒了几千元钱。
【教师备课资源】
put about传播，散布(消息)
put across做成，使被理解，有效地表达
put aside把……放在一边不考虑；储存……备用
put back把……放回原处，拨回，向后移
put on表演；演出，上演；穿上
put through接通(电话)
【对接高考】
(2012·课标全国卷)Mary is really good at taking notes in class.She can ________ almost every word her teacher says.
A．put on B．put down
C．put away D．put together
【解析】　句意：Mary真的很擅长在课堂上做笔记。她几乎能记下老师说的每一句话。此处put down表示“记下”。A项表示“扑灭”；C项表示“收起来，放好”；D项表示“合在一起”。
【答案】　B
用介/副词填空
①He put________his name and address.
②We put ________the picnic because of the rain.
③I'm not going to put ________your complaining any longer.
④She put________all the lights before going to bed.
【答案】　①down　②off　③up with　④out
5．figure out理解；想出；计算出；合计为
So they figured out a way to change it.(P8)
于是他们想出了一个改变的方法。
I can't figure out why he quit his job.
我琢磨不透他为什么要辞掉工作。
Have you figured out how much the holiday will cost?
你算出假期得花多少钱了吗？
figure up计算
figure in 将某物包括在内/计算在内
figure on sth./(sb.)doing sth.预料到……
figure＋that 从句 认定；认为……
I hadn't figured on getting home so late.
我没有预料到回家这么晚。
My wishes didn't figure in his considerations.
我的愿望没有将他的想法考虑在内。
完成句子
①你已把伙食费算进去了吗？
Have you ________ the cost of meals?
②我们指望你即时的支持。
We __________ your ready support.
【答案】　①figured in　②figure(d) on
6．hold up支撑起；举起；拿起；推迟；(使)耽搁；(试图)抢劫
She became quite famous when she invented a new way of holding up suspension bridges during the building process.(P8)她因在建设进程中发明了一种新的支撑吊桥的方法而闻名。
The roof is held up by pillars.
屋顶用柱子支撑着。
We were held up for 5 minutes in a traffic jam.
我们遇到了交通阻塞，耽搁了五分钟。
hold on to抓住不放；坚持
hold back 阻挡；抑制；控制
hold on 别挂断；坚持住
hold off使……保持距离；延迟
hold out伸出；维持；抵抗
Hold on a minute while I get my breath back.
等一下，让我喘口气。
We should hold on to the house until the prices are higher.我们应留着这所房子，等房价更高一些再卖。
He was able to hold back his anger and avoided a fight.他忍住了怒气，避免了一场打斗。
译出下列句子中hold up的汉语意思
①The building holds_up well despite its age.________
②The pupil_held_up his right hand.________
③The traffic was held_up by an accident.________
④The robbers held_up the train.________
【答案】　①支撑起　②举起　③耽搁　 ④抢劫
7．Now_that Helen understood the key to language, she was very eager to learn more and use it as much as she could .(P11)
既然海伦理解了语言之谜，那么她非常渴望学习更多的词语并且尽可能多地使用它们。
(1)now that既然；由于
Now that dinner is ready，wash your hands.
既然晚饭准备好了，洗手去吧。
Now that you have finished your work，you'd better have a rest.
既然你的工作已经做完了，你最好休息一下。
because/since/for/now that
because
回答why问句，表示直接原因，语气最强。
since
语气较弱，强调已知的事实。
for
语气最弱，用来补充说明理由或提供一种解释。
now that
既然，与since 同义，但更突出事实本身，口语中that 常可省略。
We couldn't go out because it was too cold.
因为天气太冷，我们不能外出。
Since you can't answer the question，I'll ask someone else.既然你回答不出这个问题，我就问别人了。
I caught a cold，for I had been walking around in the rain.我感冒了，因为我在雨中走了一阵子。
Now that you are busy，let me do it for you.
既然你忙，就让我给你做吧。
【对接高考】
(2013·安徽高考)From space，the earth looks blue.This is ________about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A．why　　　B．how　　　C．because　　D．whether
【解析】　考查名词性从句。此处考查表语从句。句意：地球看起来是蓝色的。这是因为其表面71%是被水覆盖的。
【答案】　C
用because, since，for，now that填空
①________ you can't go, I'll ask Lao Li instead.
②I couldn't answer the question ________ I didn't listen to the teather.
③________you know it，I won't tell you the details.
④He must have had some bad news，________he is so quiet.
【答案】　①Since　②because　③Now that　④for
(2)eager adj.渴望的；急切的
He is eager for his teacher's approval.
他渴望得到老师的赞许。
We are all eager for/after knowledge.我们都求知心切。
be eager for sth.渴望得到某物
be eager to do sth.渴望做某物
be eager ＋that从句 谓语用should ＋动词原形
He is eager that they (should) come to see him.
他很希望他们来看他。
Everyone in the class seemed eager to learn.
班上每个人似乎都热爱学习。
eager/anxious
eager
渴望的，急切的，强调“热切地期待获得成功或办成某事”的心情。
anxious
渴望的，焦急的，强调的是“担心或焦急”的心情。
She is eager to go to college，but anxious about not passing the entrance examination.
她渴望上大学，但又担心不能通过入学考试。
用eager和anxious填空
⑤Her mother is ________ about her safety.
⑥She is ________ to go abroad on her holiday.
【答案】　⑤anxious　⑥eager
8．expand v．扩大；扩张；膨胀
As Helen's knowledge and vocabulary expanded，she asked more and more questions.(P11)
随着海伦的知识不断拓展，词汇不断丰富，她提出了越来越多的问题。
China's foreign trade is expanding rapidly.
中国的外贸正迅速发展。
Metals expand when they are heated.金属遇热则膨胀。
expand on/upon详细说明
expand in...在……方面膨胀
expand into...扩展成为……；膨胀成……
expansion n．扩展；扩大；发展
expansive adj.扩张性的；有膨胀力的
The rapid expansion of cities can cause social and economic problems.
城市的快速扩张可能会导致社会和经济问题。
We have plans to expand into the U．S.market.
我们已经计划扩大进入美国市场。
完成句子
①他更详细说明自己的新理论。
He ____________ his new theory.
②他原先不大的生意后来扩展成了超级市场集团企业。
His modest business eventually ____________ a supermarket empire.
【答案】　①expanded on　②expanded into
9．I thought it strange that my teacher could not show me love.(P11)
我感到奇怪，为什么老师不能告诉我什么是爱。
本句为主从复合句。it为形式宾语，that引导的从句为真正的宾语。
I think it important that we should master a foreign language.我认为精通外语很重要。
(1)当宾语是动词不定式、动名词、宾语从句，且其后有宾语补足语时，为了保持句子结构的平衡，通常用it作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语置于句末。即“6123”结构：
①6指常用的6个动词：think，believe，make，find，consider，feel
②1指形式宾语it
③2指宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词
④3指真正的宾语的三种形式：不定式、动名词和从句
(2)有些及物动词或短语不能直接加宾语从句，此时须先用it作形式宾语，然后再接宾语从句。此用法常用于like，dislike，hate，appreciate，depend on等之后。
I don't think it possible to master a foreign language without much memory work。我认为不进行大量的记忆就想掌握一门外语是不可能的。
She thought it no use telling him about that.
她认为告诉他这件事是没用的。
I must make it clear that I'll always support you.
我必须说清楚，我会一直支持你的。
【对接高考】
(2012·陕西高考)No matter where he is，he makes ________ a rule to go for a walk before breakfast.
A．him B．this
C．that D．it
【解析】　句意：无论他在哪里，他都定了一个规矩——早餐之前散步。本题考查it的用法。根据句意并分析题干可知，to go for a walk before breakfast是动词make的真正宾语，空格处在句中作形式宾语，四个选项中只有it可充当形式宾语，故选择D项。
【答案】　D
完成句子
①如果你把音乐关小一些，我将不胜感激。
I would appreciate ________you would turn the music down.
②我相信他一定会来的。
I depends on________he will turn up.
【答案】　①it if　②it that
10．The word “think” was also a difficult one for Helen but she had a breakthrough while_working on a simple task.(P11)“思考”这个词对海伦来说也是一个难词，但是当她在做一件简单的事情时，她却突破性地理解了“思考”这个词。
句中while working 为省略句，补全后为while she was working...。
He fell asleep while doing his homework.
他做着功课就睡着了。
省略条件：从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语含有be动词的某种形式
省略成分：从句主语/it及be动词
适用从句：时间、地点、让步、条件、方式状语从句
省略后从句的形式：连词＋分词/不定式/介宾短语/名词/副词/形容词
While (I was) at college，I began to collect stamps.
上大学时，我开始集邮了。
You should stay where you are，unless (you are) asked to leave.
待在你现在所在的地方别动，除非有人让你离开。
He is a good man，though sometimes (he is) a little dull.他是个好人，尽管有时有点无聊。
【巧记】　
口诀巧记状语从句的省略：
省略句，真容易，符合两条就可以。从句谓语含有be，两句主语一样的。从句若有it be，照样省去莫迟疑。
【对接高考】
(2013·江西高考)If ________ to look after luggage for someone else，inform the police at once.
A．asked　　　　　　　B．to ask
C．asking D．having asked
【解析】　考查非谓语动词及状语从句的省略。状语从句连词if之后省去了从句的主语，即主句的主语；而主句为祈使句，默认主语为you；主语you与动词ask之间为被动关系，故使用过去分词。答案选A。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①这项研究一旦开始，很难被终止。
________，the research is hard to stop.
②如果必要的话，你可以与我联系。
You can get in touch with me ________．
【答案】　①Once begun　②if necessary
11．Uncertain_about how to fix them，she stopped to think carefully.(P11)
由于不能肯定怎样解决，她停下来仔细思考。
uncertain about为形容词短语作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句。
Thirsty and hungry，he went to a farmer's cottage to ask for something to eat.
由于又饥又渴，他来到一家农舍要点吃的。
Frightened，she asked me to go with her.
由于害怕，她要我跟她一起去。
①形容词(短语)还可作时间状语，放于句首，相当于时间状语从句。
②形容词(短语)表示主语所处情况或意义的增补，常放在句末，相当于一个和主句并列的句子。
Crouse stared at the footprint，full of fear.
克劳斯两眼盯着脚印，心里充满恐惧。
Afraid of being scolded，little Frank thought of playing truant.由于害怕挨骂，小弗兰克起了逃学的念头。
完成句子
①这些橘子成熟时，味道甜美。
________，the oranges taste sweet.
②他安全地到家了。
He arrived home，________．
③他看着试卷，很失望。
He was looking at the paper，________．
【答案】　①Ripe　②safe and sound　③disappointed
12．It_was_the_first_time Helen had understood such a complex word...(P11)这是海伦第一次理解这样一个如此复杂的单词……
句型It was the first time that...表示“这是某人第一次做某事”，that从句中常用过去完成时。此句型中it可以用this或that代替。
That was the first time that I had been to the Great Wall.那是我第一次去长城。
It was the second time that he had come to this village.
这是他第二次来到这个村。
①It/This was the first/second...time that...(从句中用过去完成时had done)。
②It/This/That is the first/second time that...
(从句中用现在完成时have done)。
③如果主句谓语动词是将来时，从句仍用现在完成时。
④这一句型中的time，可换成day，month，year等时间名词。
It is the first time that she has been at a summer school.那是她第一次上暑期学校。
It will be the second time that I have seen the film.
这将是我第二次看这部电影了。
It's the first month that I haven't been to the concert this year.这是我今年第一个没有去听音乐会的月份。
完成句子
①这是他第二次来到这个村子。
It ____________he had come to this village.
②这是第一次我们全家人一起在电影院看电影。
This ________________we________a film in the cinema together as a family.
【答案】　①was the second time that　②is the first time that；have seen
Period ⅣCommunication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学课标解读
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)根据课文内容安排，培养学生对课文的理解和听、说、读、写能力。
(4)掌握写叙事性作文的方法。
●教学地位分析
本单元课时的内容是发生在自己生活中忘记的但又不得不去做的诗歌朗诵比赛中难堪的一件事。此外，掌握对叙事性记叙文的写作方法在本单元中也占有相当重要的地位。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
我们都生活在五彩缤纷的世界，在生活中我们要去应对许多事情，有些事情可能让人应接不暇而忘记准备，面对众人而难堪。同学们，你们有过这样的经历吗？今天，本课文就告诉我们这样一件事。
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.判断正误
1．I didn't go to school because the school bus didn't arrive on May 24.(　　)
2．The Chinese teacher reminded me about the competition at school.(　　)
3．I was surprised that I was last in the competition.(　　)
【答案】　1.F　2.F　3.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．Why did I come last in the poetry reading competition?
A．Because I forgot about the competition.
B．Because I didn't like to practise.
C．Because there was only a little applause.
2．What happened to the author on the terrible day?
A．Our class would have a poetry reading competition.
B．I came last in the competition.
C．I made a glass of water fall over onto my pillow.
3．Which word can be used to describe the mood of the author?
A．surprised　　　B．upset　　　C．delighted
【答案】　1.A　2.B　3.B
1．remind vt.提醒；使想起
At school, Mr Fan, the English teacher，reminded me about the poetry reading competition.(P12)在学校里，英语老师范老师提醒我诗歌朗读比赛的事情。
I want to remind you of the rules for school parties.
关于学校晚会，有几个规定我想提醒你们。
The girls constantly had to be reminded about their chores.
不得不经常提醒那些女孩子料理好自己的事情。
remind sb.of/about sth.提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do sth.提醒某人做……
remind sb.that/what/how/when...提醒某人
He reminded me of his little brother.
他使我想起他的小弟弟。
I remind him to attend the meeting on time.
我提醒他要准时参加会议。
I'll just call Sylvia to remind her that we are meeting at 8.我正要给西尔维娅打电话，提醒她我们在8点见面。
完成句子
①请提醒我买邮票。
______________ stamps, please.
②请提醒我该怎么做，我已经很久没用过这台机器了。
______________，I haven't used this machine for ages.
【答案】　①Remind me to buy　②Remind me what to do
2．go wrong出毛病；出故障；变坏；失败；走错路
The day everything went wrong was May 24.(P12)
所有事情都出错是在5月24号。
Should anything go wrong，let me know at once.
要是出了什么问题，立即通知我。
Occasionally the machine will go wrong without any apparent cause.
机器偶尔会发生故障而找不出明显的原因。
go 作为系动词时，常构成go＋adj.意为“转变成……”，该结构常表示情况变坏，常见短语：
go mad 变疯
go bad 变质
go hungry 挨饿
go wild 发狂
He went almost mad when he heard the news.
他听到这个消息几乎发疯了。
These eggs have gone bad.
这些鸡蛋变质了。
go/get/become/grow/turn
go
表示由好变坏或由正常变成特殊情况。
become
/get
表示的变化可以是由好到坏，也可以是由坏到好，强调变化过程的完成。
grow
有“逐渐变化”的含义，强调变化的过程。
turn
表示变为完全不同的事物，强调变化的结果。
He has become rich by working hard.他勤劳致富。
He is growing old.他渐渐老了。
The trees turn red in autumn.秋天，树叶变红了。
The days are getting longer.白天变得越来越长了。
【教师备课资源】
与go有关的短语：
go after追逐；追求
go ahead 走在前面；前进；进展；进行；干吧；说吧
go in for 爱好；从事；支持；赞成；参加
go off 爆炸；停(电，水)；(食物)坏了；消失；变差
go away 走开；离开
go against 违反；违背；对……不利
go through 穿过；通过；浏览；翻阅；经历
go over 检查；复习
用go，get，become，grow，turn的适当形式填空
①I'll ________ mad if I have to spend another day in that place.
②The leaves________red, orange and yellow in the autumn air.
③You have________taller since the last time I saw you.
④After the death of her father she________the richest woman in the world.
⑤When I tried to talk to him about it, he just ________really angry.
【答案】　①go　②turned 　③grown　④became　⑤got
3．The day started to go wrong the_instant I left home.(P12)那一天，我一离开家就开始不走运。
the instant是名词词组在句中用作连词，引导时间状语从句，译为“一……就……”。
The instant Tom saw his teacher，he ran away.
汤姆一看见他的老师就跑开了。
I recognised her the instant I saw her.
我一眼就认出了她。
表示“一……就……”，引导时间状语从句的单词和短语常见的有：
①as soon as
②immediately，directly，instantly
③the moment，the minute，the second，the instant
④hardly (scarcely，rarely)．..when，no sooner...than
⑤on/upon＋名词/动名词
I will go there directly I have finished my breakfast.
吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。
The moment I heard the news，I hastened to the spot.
我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。
【提示】　hardly (scarcely，rarely)．..when/before，no sooner...than主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时；当hardly，scarcely，rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。
【教师备课资源】
下列名词词组也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句
every/each time每次
next time下次
the first time第一次
【对接高考】
(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)I had hardly got to the office ________ my wife phoned me to go back home at once.
A．when　　　　　　　B．than
C．until D．after
【解析】　句意：我刚到办公室，妻子就打电话让我立刻回家。本句是“hardly...when...”结构，该结构表示“刚……就……”。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①他说他一到家就给你打电话。
He said he'd phone you ________he got home.
②我一看到他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。
________________，I knew he was the man the police were looking for.
【答案】　①the moment/instant/minute　②The moment/instant/minute I saw him
4．The_more I looked down，the_redder my face became.(P12)我越往下看，脸就变得越红。
The more...the redder...
句中含有句式：the＋比较级＋(主语＋谓语)。
该句型表示“越……越……”，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。
The faster you run，the better it will be.
你跑得越快越好。
The more you read，the more you will get.
你读得越多收获就越大。
The earlier you start，the sooner you will be back.
你动身越早，回来就越早。
①若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表示将来。
②在该结构中，主句在程度上随着从句的变化而变化，常把被强调的部分提前。
③该结构的比较部分通常是状语、宾语、表语，也可以是主语。
④若表示“越……越不……”，常用“the more...，the less...”句型。
⑤若表示“越不……就越……”，常用“the less...，the more...”句型。
The more English you practise，the better your English will be.你练习得越多，你的英语就越好。
The less he worried，the better he worked.
烦恼越少，工作做得越好。
完成句子
①你站得越高，看得就越远。
__________，________you'll see.
②你学习越刻若，你的成绩就会越好。
____________ , ________results you'll get.
【答案】　①The higher you stand；the farther　②The harder you work；the better
5．tense adj.紧张的；拉紧的
I felt tense and dizzy.(P12)
我感到紧张，头晕目眩的。
The game is getting tenser all the time.
比赛自始至终越来越紧张。
The situation suddenly became tense.
局势突然变得紧张起来。
tensely adv. 紧张地
tenseness n. 紧张
tense vt.&vi.拉紧；绷紧；使……紧张
tension n. 拉紧；紧张；不安
He tensed，hearing the noise again.
他再次听到那个噪音就紧张起来。
The incident about the Diaoyu Island has further increased the tension between China and Japan.
钓鱼岛事件导致中日两国关系更趋紧张。
tense/nervous/impatient/uneasy
tense
指局势、心理或神经紧张，无法松弛下来。
nervous
是普通用词，常指内心的紧张心态或生来就容易激动的性格。
impatient
指在心情或情绪上不能克制某种刺激或不适，或缺乏某种容忍与谅解而表现出焦急不安。
uneasy
通常指因焦虑、疑惑或危险而产生的不安。
Is anything wrong？You look a little tense.
出什么事了？你看上去有点紧张。
He's nervous of strangers.
他对陌生人感到紧张不安。
Don't be impatient with your child.
别对你的孩子不耐烦。
Katie felt uneasy about what she had done.
凯蒂对自己所做的事感到忧心忡忡。
用tense，nervous，impatient，uneasy填空
①I was so ________ about my exams that I couldn't sleep.
②He felt ________ every time he met his former girlfriend.
③A mother feels ________ when her baby is ill.
④He is ________ no matter what he will do.
【答案】　①nervous　②uneasy　③tense　④impatient
6．applaud vt.& vi.鼓掌；称赞；赞成
When I left the stage people didn't applaud very loudly...(P12)我离开舞台时，人们没有大声鼓掌……
The crowd applauded the performance for five minutes.
群众为演出鼓掌了五分钟。
Everyone stood up to applaud.全体起立鼓掌。
We applauded him for his courage.
我们称赞他的勇敢。
applaud sb./sth.for为某人/某事鼓掌
applaud one's plan因……赞成某人的计划
applause n．鼓掌；喝彩
His speech won the applause of the audience.
他的演讲赢得了听众的掌声。
We all applaud you for your decision.
我们一致赞成你的决定。
完成句子
①我们称赞他的勇敢。
We ______________ his courage.
②我们赞成开始建造新大楼的决定。
We ________ to go ahead with the new building.
【答案】　①applauded him for　②applaud the decision
叙事性记叙文
叙事性短文属于记叙文文体，或称之为叙事性记叙文。在写此类文章时要做到以下几点：
首先，要把握住记叙文的六个要素，即时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、事件(what)、原因(why)和过程(how)。把握好这六个要素，叙事性记叙文就成功了一半。
第二，要把握叙事性记叙文的结果。在文章开头要交代故事发生的时间、地点和人物，然后写事件的原因及发展过程，最后写结果，同时在结尾处要尽量自然，点明文章主题。并且要有一条线索贯穿全文，使整个文章融为一体。
第三，要把握好人称。此类文章通常用第一人称和第三人称。
第四，要注意时态的运用。在故事写作过程中，一般用过去时态。在描写背景或景象时，常用过去进行时，这样显得更加形象生动。
第五，要润色简单句，增加过渡性词汇，使文章前后通顺自然，成为一个有机整体。
[常用句式]
①She/He was born in...and now is...years old.
②She/He started school in...and graduated from...
③She/He is...meters tall and in good health.
④She/He likes...
⑤Her/His hobbies are...
⑥She/He is very friendly...
⑦She/He is praised by...
⑧What I want to be in the future is...
[题目要求]
根据表格内容，以China's First Spacewalker为题写一篇有关翟志刚简介的短文。
1966年10月
翟志刚出生在黑龙江东北部一个农民家庭。由于全家仅靠母亲的微薄收入生活，他曾经想到过辍学。母亲鼓励他继续学习。
1985年6月
参加空军。
1998年1月
成为中国第一代宇航员。
2008年6月
被选中执行中国第三次载人航天飞行任务。
2008年9月
27日
成为中国太空行走第一人。爬出轨道舱后，他说：“我感觉良好。我向中国人民问好，向世界人民问好。”
注意：1.词数：100以上；
2．可以适当发挥，以使全文连贯。
参考词汇：manned space mission载人航天飞行任务；spacecraft轨道舱
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[思路分析]
本文从体裁上看属于记叙文的范畴，在具体写作中，需要适当采用夹叙夹议的手法，这也是近年来高考书面表达的常见题型。做这类书面表达题时，首先要求同学们认真审题，读懂题意，然后结合要求，简单叙述事件，最后阐述自己的观点和看法。该篇作者清楚地交代了人物的身份和事迹，第一段写了人物的出生年月和地点以及背景，接下来叙述了人物的成绩及优秀品质。
[写作要点]
①翟志刚出生年月、地点及背景；
②翟志刚成就；
③翟志刚品质；
④介绍完人物后的总结句。
[词汇热身]
1．辍学______________
2．收入______________
3．宇航员______________
4．鼓励某人做某事______________
5．执行；贯彻______________
6．照某人看来______________
【答案】　1.drop out of school　2.income　3.astronaut　4.encourage sb.to do sth.　5.carry out　6.in one's opinion
[句式温习]
1．翟志刚小时候，因全家靠母亲微薄收入生活，他一度曾想到辍学。
____________，he once thought of dropping out of school because the whole family lived on his mother's small income.
2．正是翟志刚的母亲阻止他辍学并鼓舞他继续上学。
________________ stopped him and encouraged him to continue school.
3．翟志刚在2008年9月27日成为太空行走的中国第一人。
Zhai became ____________ in space on September 27，2008.
4．依我看，翟志刚是一位国民英雄，我们应向他学习。
In my opinion，Zhai Zhigang is a national hero，______________________．
【答案】　1.When young　2.It was his mother that
3．the first Chinese man to walk　4.from whom we should learn
[连句成篇]
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【参考范文】
Zhai Zhigang was born in a farmer's family in October，1966.When young，he once thought of dropping out of school because the whole family lived on his mother's small income.It was his mother that stopped him and encouraged him to continue school.And he joined the air force in June，1985.
He was chosen as one of China's first generation of astronauts in January，1998.In June，2008，he was chosen to carry out the country's third manned space mission.
Zhai became the first Chinese man to walk in space on September 27，2008，which excited the Chinese people.
“I'm feeling quite well.I greet the Chinese people and the people all over the world，”said Zhai as he climbed out of the spacecraft.
In my opinion，Zhai Zhigang is a national hero，from whom we should learn.
Period ⅤLanguage Awareness & Culture Corner
& Bulletin Board
1．Some adverts present us with a puzzle；they show an unusual image which at first doesn't make_sense．(P15)
有些广告开始就给我们设了一个谜：它们展示一个不同寻常的画面，首先就让我们感到不解。
(1)present vt.呈现；描述；介绍；赠送 adj.现在的；在场的 n．赠品；礼物；现在
Now that the sports competitions are over，Lady De Vere will present the prizes.
既然运动比赛已结束，(下面)将由德维尔女士来颁奖。
We learn from the past，experience the present，and hope for success in the future.
我们学习过去，体验现在，展望未来的成功。
The new library will be double the size of the present one.新图书馆将有现在这座图书馆的两倍大。
present sth.to sb.＝present sb.with sth.
向某人赠送(颁发、授予)某物
present sb.to sb.
(向地位、身份较高的人)介绍/引见某人
at present＝at the present time目前；现在
for the present暂时；暂且
They presented each present at the meeting a small present.他们给每位出席会议的人赠送了一份小礼物。
At present, Christmas presents sell well in every shop.
目前，圣诞礼物在各家商店都很热销。
The hostess presented her relatives present to the visiting quests.女主人向来访的客人介绍了她在场的亲属。
【提示】　present 作为形容词作定语时，意为“现在的”，作前置定语；意为“出席的，在场的”，作后置定语。
完成句子
①昨天出席会议的有多少人？
How many people ________at the meeting?
②该工作组将在星期二向董事会提交报告。
The team is________its report ________the board on Tuesday.
【答案】　①were present　②presenting；to
(2)make sense有意义；讲得通；有道理
What you say makes sense.
你说的话是有意义的。
The explanation in the book makes no sense，because the words are hard.
书中的解释没什么意义，因为语言晦涩难懂。
in a sense 在某种意义上；从某种意义上来说
in no sense 决不
make no sense 没意思；毫无意义；不明白
make sense of 弄懂……的意思；理解；明白
common sense 常识；情理
It makes sense to buy the most up-to-date version.
买最新版本是明智的。
In no sense will he give up halfway.
他决不半路放弃。
【提示】　in no sense放在句首，句子用倒装结构。
完成句子
③能省钱时就节省，这是明智的。
It ________to save money while you can.
④你究竟能不能理解这篇文章的意思？
Can you ________this article at all?
【答案】　③makes sense　④make any sense of
2．rather than而不是；与其说……不如说……
Other adverts play with words rather than images.(P15)其他的广告玩的是文字游戏，而不是图像(设谜)。
She is clever rather than honest.
与其说她诚实不如说她聪明。
I，rather than you，am to blame.
是我，而不是你该受责备。
①rather than用来连接平行结构，其前后必须是同类的句法单位。
②rather than连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与rather than前的主语保持一致。
③rather 与would连用时，would常缩写为'd，后接不带to 的不定式或从句。
④接从句时，谓语动词用过去式表虚拟。
I usually go to school on foot rather than by bus.
我通常步行上学而非坐公交车。
I'd rather die than ask him for his autograph.
我宁死也不会去求他签名。
完成句子
①她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。
She enjoys singing ________________．
②与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不如说它漂亮。
The sweater she bought was beautiful __________．
【答案】　①rather than dancing　②rather than cheap
3．refer to指的是；提及；论及；说到；谈到；参考；查阅；提交
At first, the words seem to refer to domestic violence, but then we realise the advert is a warning about eating high-fat food！(P15)
广