【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语北师大版选修七教师用书Unit 19　Language

Unit 19　Language
【美文阅读】　
你会“口语”的同时你懂“手语”吗？请读下面这篇文章吧。
Sign has become a scientific hot button.Only in the past 20 years have specialists in language study realized that signed languages are unique－a speech of the hand.They offer a new way to explore how the brain generates(产生)and understands language，and throw new light on an old scientific debate：whether language，complete with grammar，is something that we are born with，or whether it is a learned behavior.The current interest in sign language has roots in the pioneering work of one teacher at Gallaudet University in Washington，D.C.，world's only liberal arts university for deaf people.
When Bill Stokoe went to Gallaudet to teach English，he was given a course in signing.But Stokoe noticed something strange：among themselves，students signed differently from his classroom teacher.
Stokoe had been taught a sort of gestural code，each movement of the hands representing a word in English.At the time，American Sign Language (ASL) was thought
to be no more than a form of pidgin (混杂语言) English.But Stokoe believed the“hand talk”his students used looked richer.He wondered：might deaf people actually have a genuine language？And could that language be unlike any other on earth？It was 1955.Stokoe's idea was academic heresy(异端邪说)．
It is 53 years later.For decades educators fought his idea that signed languages are natural languages like English，French and Japanese.They assumed (假想) language must be based on speech，the modulation (调节) of sound.But sign language is based on the movement of hands，the modulation of space.“What I said”，Stokoe explains，“is that language is not related to mouth but brain.”
【诱思导学】　
1．What teacher started the present growing interest in sign language?

2．What did Stokoe think that language was related to?

【答案】　1.An English teacher.　2.Stokoe thought that language was related to brain.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课就课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元是让学生通过探讨身体语言和英语的种类，了解如何看待并学习英语和身体语言如何传情达意。通过本节的学习，增强学生的对英语语言的认识和学习。此外，上好本堂课会增进学生学英语的兴趣。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
用多媒体向学生展示一段有关讲述英语语言发展史的英语视频，老师简述英语语言发展的几个阶段，并重点谈谈现代英语的发展及使用的广泛性、重要性，从而告诉学生一些学好英语的方法。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。?学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第1页)。?学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。?让学生快速阅读课文(课本第6页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第2页)。?师生共同讨论并统一答案。?学生再次阅读课文(课本第6页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第2页)。?学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。?学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第6页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第2页)。?老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。?让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第3页)。?学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。?让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第3页)。?老师布置作业，让学生看课本第6页课文并完成课本第6页2、3题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第3页)。让学生课下写一篇自己如何学习英语的短文。
The reason
why we study
English
English has been the 1. and it holds the key to 2. and a world of possibility.
Ways to
study English
well
Respected theory
We should study a foreign language in its 3. language environment.
Schools
Teachers should create a rich language environment 4. and convey an 5. amount of input in English to students.
Recomm－endations of experts
Setting 6. ；
Listening to an English song
7. reading the words；
Watching the news in your
8. language and then reading an English newspaper；
Watching a favourite DVD；
Studying with friends to test each other and share 9. ；
10. yourself.If you reach a target，treat yourself.
Ⅰ.篇章结构
【答案】　1.global language　2.a brighter future
3．native　4.in the classroom　5.adequate　6.achievable targets　7.after　8.own　9.learning strategies
10．Rewarding
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1. Why have more and more people decided to learn English in recent years?
A．Because they think it's cool to know a new language.
B．Because English is a compulsory course in schools.
C．Because the growth of international companies and the great advance in communications make people realize they need to learn English as a foreign language.
2．According to some theories，what is the best way to learn a foreign language?
A．Learning a foreign language in its native language environment.
B．Remembering all the words in the dictionary.
C．Practicing it in your daily life as possible as you can.
3．What should teachers do to help students learn English in the classroom?
A．Let students memorize some English passages.
B．Try to explain the English grammar clearly.
C．Try to create a rich language environment in the classroom.
4．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A．Set achievable targets and ask your friends to motivate you.
B．Use all your spare time to study English.
C．If you reach a target，treat yourself.
5．When you learn English，what do you need to keep in your mind to stay dedicated?
A．Your targets.
B．The time you spend on English.
C．The reason why you are learning English.
【答案】　1－5　CACBC
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的适当形式填空
study；achievable targets；language environment；absence；
predict；stand out；rely on；dedication；own language；
extra look
As is 1. ，English has been the global language，as the international companies grow and communications advance.Being able to speak more than one language can make you 2. .However，it's difficult to learn English in the 3. of a native language environment.So most of us have to 4. our school curriculum which encourages teachers to create a rich 5. in the classroom.Teachers must convey an adequate amount of input in English to the students.But to really get ahead，you need to do 6. out－side of the classroom.Experts give some recommendations：Setting 7. ；Listening to an English song after reading the words；Reading the news in English after watching it in your 8. ；Watching your favorite DVD；9. with your friends and rewarding yourself.These recommendations are easy to achieve and well worth the extra effort.Putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take 10. .To stay dedicated，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.
【答案】　1.predicted　2.stand out　3.absence　4.rely on　5.language　environment　6.extra work　7.achievable targets　8.own language　9.Studying　10.dedication
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．adjust　　　　A．the fact of sb.being away
2．ensure B．to make small changes to something in order to improve it
3．absence C．to succeed in getting sth.
4．guarantee D．to make it certain that sth.will happen
5．surround E．to tell sb.about sth.
6．inform F．to start to go faster
7．attain G．to be all around sb./sth.
8．accelerate H．a firm promise that you will do sth.or that sth.will happen
【答案】　1.B　2.D　3.A　4.H　5.G　6.E　7.C　8.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
get ahead；adjust...to；stand out；in the absence of；rely on；keep in mind；take the form of；inform...of
1．The girl in red in the crowd.You can easily pick her out.
2． evidence，the suspect was released.
3．We had thought that we could them，but they let us down.
4．It is a pleasure to you your being selected as manager of the company.
5．A person with a good education finds it easier to .
6．We should that we shall have to be present before eight tomorrow.
【答案】　1.stands out　2.In the absence of　3.rely on
4．inform...of　5.get ahead　6.keep in mind
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．There's no point reading the news in English if you've already watched it in your own language.
如果你已看过本族语的新闻，再读英语的这则新闻就没有意义了。
2．It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.
早在18世纪就有人预言说，总有一天英语会成为全球性的语言，而最近几十年的情况证明了这一预言。
3．But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English－speaking country are small.
但遗憾的是，我们都生活在一个讲英语的国家的机会是很小的。
4．Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
不管是说还是写，高质量的输入保证高质量的输出。
5．However，putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.To stay dedicated，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.
然而，每天坚持这额外的十五分钟的确需要专心致志。你需要时常想想为什么要学英语以保持不断努力的势头。
Period Ⅱ Warm－up & Language Learning
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过对学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些单词和短语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的学习，让学生学会用英语如何写正式信函，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
(5)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，熟练掌握名词性从句的用法。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以准确理解和正确英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。另外，让学生掌握语法知识是学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
With the informatization of social life and economic globalization, the importance of English is gradually increasing. As one of the most important information carrier, English has become the most widely used language in the various fields of human life. So learning English well is becoming very important. (老师让xxx同学读一读他/她写的短文)。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。?导入新课。?让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第3页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。?让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?让学生再次阅读课文(课本第6页)以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。?让学生讨论完成“语法精析”(见学案第8页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生掌握本单元语法知识。?让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第10页)。?师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。?自我评估(见学案第10页)。?布置作业。让学生完成课本第7页5、6、7题，预习学案Period Ⅲ(见学案第11页)。

1．There’s no point reading the news in English if you’ve already watched it in your own language.(P6)如果你已用母语看过这消息，再用英语来读这条消息就没有意义了。
There is no point (in) doing sth.
做某事没有意义。
There is no point in hiding the truth for the sake of friendship.为了友谊而掩盖真相毫无意义。
There was no point (in) having an argument with your classmates.和你的同学争吵是毫无意义的。
There is no sense in doing sth.做某事没有道理或意义
There is no question of doing sth.做某事是不可能的
There is no need to do sth.做某事没有必要
There is no possibility that...……是不可能的
There is no doubt that...……是毫无疑问的
I could see that there was no need to argue with her.
我明白与她争论是没有必要的。
There is no doubt that genius lies in diligence.
毫无疑问天才出于勤奋。
【教师备课资源】　
point用作名词时的常见短语：
off the point 离题的　　　to the point 中肯的
point of view 观点，意见 to the point of 达到……程度
on the point of doing sth.正要做某事　
完成句子
①批评他没有意义。
in criticizing him.
②考试完再用功没有意义。
after the exam.
【答案】　①There is no sense/point
②There is no sense/point (in) studying
2．It was predicted as early as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.(P6)
早在18世纪，就有人预言说，总有一天英语会成为全球性的语言。而最近几十年的情况证明了这一预言。
It was predicted...表示“据预测……”。英语中，在不便或不必指明某看法、说法或消息的来源时，往往使用“It is＋过去分词＋that从句”句式结构。
It is reported that three people have been killed in the accident.据报道，有三人在这次事故中丧生。
It is well－known that computers are widely used in many fields.众所周知电脑在许多领域被广泛使用。
It is said that...据说……
It is hoped that...人们希望……
It is supposed that...据推测……
It is well－known that...众所周知……
It is believed that...人们相信……
It is considered that...大家认为……
It is said that the boy grew up to be a noted scientist.
据说，那男孩长大后成了一位著名的科学家。
It is supposed that he may pass the college entrance examination.人们认为他能通过大学入学考试。
It is believed that we shall make full use of the sun’s energy some day.
人们相信，总有一天我们能充分利用太阳能。
句型转换
①People say that George has gone to France.
→ George has gone to France.
②Computers are known to be widely used in many fields.
→ computers are widely used in many fields.
【答案】　①It is said that　②It is known that
3．stand out显眼；突出；出色
In today's world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead.(P6)在今天的世界，只有能讲不止一门语言，包括英语，你才能与众不同并取得成功。
Red plums stand out against the white snow.
红梅在白雪的映衬下很醒目。
If you want to get the job，you should stand out from others.如果你想得到这份工作，你必须比其他人优秀。
stand by 和……站在一起；袖手旁观
stand for 代表；象征；意味着；支持，主张
stand up 站起；站得住脚
stand aside 站开，躲开；退出(竞选)
stand back 退后，避开
How can you stand by and see such cruelty?
你怎么对这种残酷的行为袖手旁观呢？
P．O.stands for Post Office.P.O.代表“邮局”。
We stood up to see better.我们站起来以便看得更清楚。
用stand短语填空
①I to let him pass.
②Please remember I'll you whatever happens.
③The crane (鹤) among the chickens.
【答案】　①stood aside　②stand by　③stands out
4．absence n．[U]&[C]不在；外出；缺席[U]缺少；缺乏
However，learning English as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.(P6)但是，在缺乏本族语言的环境下，把英语当作外语来学是很难的。
①in the absence of sb.(＝in one's absence)某人不在时
in the absence of...因缺少……
absence of mind心不在焉
absence from school (class)/work缺课/缺勤
②absent adj.缺席的；不在场的；漫不经心的
be absent from缺席……
In the absence of any evidence，the police had to let him go.由于缺乏任何证据，警方只得把他放了。
After a long absence from school，I feel I am a bit behind the others.请过长假之后，我觉得自己比别人落后了一些。
In his absence, I decided to see what was on his desk.
他不在时，我决定看看他桌上有什么东西。
【教师备课资源】　
absent－minded adj.心不在焉的，健忘的
present adj.在场的，出席的
be present at出席……
　
完成句子
①因证据不足，疑犯被释放。
The suspect was set free definite evidence.
②老板告诉工人们在他不在时吉姆将负责管理公司。
The boss told workers that Jim would take charge of the company .
【答案】　①in the absence of　②in his absence/in the absence of him
5．surround vt.环绕；围绕
Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.(P6)
一些备受尊崇的语言习得理论认为，要想达到高水平的外语流利程度和准确性，你得置身于该语言的环境中。
She was surrounded by the students asking questions.
她被问问题的学生围住了。
She likes to surround herself with children.
她喜欢和孩子们在一起。
①surround...with...用……把……围起来
be surrounded by/with...被……包围/环绕
②surrounding adj.周围的，附近的(只作前置定语)
surroundings n．(pl.)环境
③in...surroundings处在……的环境中
At work，I'm surrounded by people who don't know what they are doing.
在工作中，我周围尽是些不知道自己在做什么的人。
The surrounding towns were invaded in the past.
过去附近的城镇受到了侵略。
It took me a few weeks to get used to my new surroundings.我花了好几个星期才适应这个新环境。
用surround的适当形式填空
①At first my new were difficult to tolerate.
②The villages have been flooded in the storm.
③People are their homes wire fences.
【答案】　①surroundings　②surrounding
③surrounding；with
6．But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English－speaking country are small.(P6)但遗憾的是，我们很少有机会生活在讲英语的国家。
the chances that中的chances表示“几率，可能性”，而that引导的是the chances的同位语从句，表明chances的具体内容。chance常用于句型The chance is that/Chances are that中，表示“可能……”，类似于It is possible that...
The chance is that most of us hope to study abroad.
我们大多数人可能都希望出国学习。
同位语从句多跟在一些名词(如：fact，idea，news，belief，hope，promise，information，message等)的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的词有：that(无实际含义，不作成分，但不可省略)，how，when，where，who等。
　There is a good chance that she will be released without being charged.她很有可能被释放而且不会受到指控。
We must remember the fact that goats usually live in mountainous country.
我们得记住山羊通常生活在山区这一事实。
【教师备课资源】　
by any chance或许，可能
by chance偶然
no chance不可能
take a chance冒险
take your chances碰运气，准备冒险
chance on/upon sb./sth.偶然发现，碰巧遇到
　【对接高考】
(2011·天津高考)Modern science has given clear evidence smoking can lead to many diseases.
A．what　　　　　　B．which
C．that D．where
【解析】　根据句意及结构可知该从句中不缺任何成分，所以用that引导同位语从句，以解释evidence的内容。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①这个生病的孩子有可能康复。
There is a chance .
②我不知道他什么时候回来。
I have no idea .
【答案】　①that the sick child will get well　②when he will be back
7．rely on依赖；依靠
Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum.(P6)所以我们大多数人只好依赖学校课程中我们能学习的东西。
We'd better rely on ourselves，which is better.
他们最好靠自己，这更好。
The man is not to be relied on.
这人不可靠。
rely on sb.to do sth.相信/指望某人会做某事
rely on one's doing sth.相信/指望某人做某事
rely on sb.for sth.依赖某人以获得……
rely on it that...相信……；指望……
They rely heavily on us for help.
他们很依赖我们的帮助。
You can rely on Peter to do what he promises.
你相信彼特会做他答应做的事的。
完成句子
①你放心好了，他会来接你的。
You may he will come to meet you.
②我相信她会还钱。
I pay back the money.
【答案】　①rely on it that　②rely on her to
8．make sure确保；确定；务必；查明；弄清楚
What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.(P6)这就意味着，他们要确保通过多种方式给学生足够的英语输入量。
He would do anything he could to make sure of her happiness.他愿意做他能做的任何事来确保她幸福。
Make sure (that) you pick me up at five.
你一定要在5点钟来接我。
make sure后一般不接不定式作宾语，后接名词时需加介词of/about；后接从句时，常用一般现在时表示将来。
be sure of/about对……有把握；确信
be sure to do sth.务必做某事
for sure确切地；毫无疑问
sure enough果然；果真
He phoned his secretary to make sure of the time and place for the conference.
他打电话给他的秘书，以确定会议的时间和地点。
Be sure not to touch anything in the lab.
千万别摸实验室里的任何东西。
I can't say for sure when he'll be here.
我说不准他什么时候来这儿。
完成句子
①我们确保把学生在校园里照顾好。
We we take good care of the students on campus.
②为保证搞到座位他早早就到了电影院。
He arrived at the cinema early to a seat.
【答案】　①make sure (that) 　②make sure of
9．ensure vt.确保；保证；保护
Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.(P6)
输入质量保证了输出质量，不管是说还是写。
The government took proper measures to ensure the lowest income of peasants.
政府采取了适当措施来保证农民的最低收入。
These are safety devices to ensure workers against accidents.这些是保护工人们不出事故的安全设施。
ensure sb.sth.保证某人某事
ensure sb.against/from保护某人抵御某事
ensure＋clause确保
If you want to ensure that you catch the plane，take a taxi.如果你想确保赶上航班，那就叫辆出租车。
The arrangements will ensure each side from attack by the other.这些安排将使各方免遭对方的袭击。
完成句子
①由他推荐，可以保证我得到一份工作。
His recommendation will .
②我们要保护自己，以防备所有可能的危险。
We should all possible risks.
【答案】　①ensure me a job　②ensure ourselves against
10．enlarge vt.扩大
For example，enlarge your vocabulary by 10 new words every day－five times a week－then revise the words on the weekend.(P6)例如：为扩大词汇量，每天学10个生词——一周五天——周末复习所学生词。
This photograph is a bit too old and probably won't enlarge well.这张照片太旧了些，放大了很可能不好。
Our school is planning to enlarge the playground before the sports meeting.
我们学校正在计划运动会之前扩大操场。
enlarge on/upon详述；详细说明
enlargement n．扩大；增大
enlarger n．放大机；扩大者；增补者
Could you enlarge on/upon the point?
你能不能详述这一点呢？
He's working on the enlargement of the business.
他正在努力扩展业务。
enlarge/expand
enlarge
表示“放大照片，增大面积，扩大规模，拓展知识”。
expand
表示“伸展胳膊，吹大球体，花蕾绽放，扩大体积”。
Can you enlarge this picture?
你能把这张照片放大吗？
The flowers expand in the sunshine.
鲜花在阳光下开放。
用enlarge/expand填空
①When you heat a metal，it .
②We are planning to the garden.
【答案】　①expands　②enlarge
11．guarantee v．保证；担保；保修 n．保证；保证书
Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.(P6)阅读前了解梗概将会保证你在用英语阅读时理解得更好。
The EU guaranteed that it would do its best to assist Greece in economy.
欧盟保证将尽最大努力在经济上援助希腊。
The new television had a guarantee with it.
这台新电视机有保修单。
guarantee sb.sth.(＝ensure sb.sth.)保证某人得到某物
guarantee to do sth.保证做某事
guarantee that...确保……
guarantee sth.for some time对……保修多久
give sb.a guarantee that...向某人保证……
under guarantee在保修期内
I can guarantee you a job.我可以保证你有一份工作。
I guarantee to be here tomorrow.我保证明天来这里。
Can you give me a guarantee that the work will be finished on time？你能向我保证工作会按时完成吗？
完成句子
①我的表保修一年。
My watch one year.
②我的手机还在保修期内。
My mobile phone is still .
【答案】　①is guaranteed for　②under guarantee
12．adjust v．调整；调节；适当；习惯
Watching a favourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in parts you know well.(P6)看最喜欢的DVD，但要把你熟悉的部分的语言调成英语。
You can adjust this desk to the height of any child.
你可以根据任何孩子的身高来调整这张桌子。
The body adjusts itself to changes in temperature.
身体能自行调节以适应气温变化。
adjust sth.(to sth.)调整；调节
adjust to (doing) sth.适应于……
adjust oneself to (doing) sth.使自己适应于……
　As a teacher，I must adjust my speech to the age of my students.
作为教师，我必须使我的演讲适合于学生的年龄。
She must learn to adjust herself to English life.
她必须学会适应英国的生活。
adjust/adapt
adjust
指借正当的判断或熟练的技巧“调整，调节”以使两者互相适当。
adapt
指修改或改变，使某物或某人做些改变以适应新条件。
You can't see through the telescope until it is adjusted to your eyes.
你把望远镜调节到适合你的眼睛后，你才看得见。
You should adapt yourself to the new environment.
你应该使自己适应新环境。
【教师备课资源】　
adjustable adj.可调整的，可校准的
adjustor/adjuster n．调整者，叫停者
adjustment n．调整，调节；修正；适应
make an adjustment作出调整
　
用adjust/adapt填空
①We will start at 9：00 p．m.and now let's our watches.
②We should our thinking to the new conditions.
【答案】　①adjust　②adapt
13．inform v．通知；告知
Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.(P6)把你的目标告诉你的一位朋友，这样他们也会帮忙鼓励你。
I informed Mary's mother of her safe arrival.
我通知玛丽的母亲玛丽已平安抵达。
The professor's letter informed us how and when he was expected to arrive in Beijing.那位教授的来信告知我们他预定来北京的时间和所选择的交通工具。
We were informed that a big fire had broken out in the next town.我们获知邻镇发生了一场大火。
inform sb.of sth.告知某人某事
inform sb.that...通知某人……
inform sb.＋疑问词＋to do告知某人……
inform on/upon/against sb.告发某人；供出某人
informed adj.明智的；有知识的；了解情况的
keep sb.informed (of sth.)告知某人(某事)
　Have you informed the boss of your wish to leave?
你告诉老板你想离开了吗？
The headmistress informed us that the school would be closed for one day.女校长通知我们学校将停课一天。
【教师备课资源】　
“...sb.of sth.”结构知多少？
rob sb.of sth.抢劫某人某物
rid sb.of sth.使某人摆脱某物
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
warn sb.of sth.警告某人有某情况
remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事
accuse sb.of sth.控告某人犯某罪
convince sb.of sth.让某人相信某事
cure sb.of sth.治好某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
　
句型转换
I informed her mother of her safe arrival.
→I informed her mother .
【答案】　that she had safely arrived
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会名词性从句的用法。
①Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.
②But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English－speaking country are small.
③What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various mediums.
[自我总结]　从以上三个句子可知：
1．在复合句中起名词性作用的句子叫 从句。名词性从句在句中可作主语、宾语、表语、同位语等，分别称为 、 、 和 ，从句使用 语序。
2．第一个句子含的名词从句是 ；第二个句子含的名词从句是 ；第三个句子含的名词从句分别是 、 ，在表语从句中又含 。
【答案】　1.名词性　主语从句　宾语从句　表语从句　同位语从句　陈述句　2.宾语从句　同位语从句　主语从句　表语从句　宾语从句
名词性从句
在句子中起名词作用的各种从句，统称为名词性从句。根据它们在句中所起的语法作用，这类从句分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
一、主语从句
　作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由从属连词that，whether，if和连接代词what，who，which，whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。that在句中无词义，只起连接作用；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。
That she passed the exam made him much pleased.
她通过了考试使他很高兴。
What he needs is more experience.
他所需要的是更多的经验。
【提示】　有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。
形式主语it的句型有以下五种：
1．It＋be＋过去分词(known，said，thought，expected，reported，etc.)＋that从句
It's said that they have won the match.
据说他们已经赢了那场比赛。
2．It＋be＋adj.(possible，natural，necessary，important，etc.)＋that从句
It is possible that we forgot to buy tickets.
可能我们忘了买票。
3．It＋be＋名词短语(no wonder，an honour，a pity，etc.)＋that从句
It's no wonder that he was so sad.
难怪他那么伤心。
4．It＋seems/happens/seemed/happened＋that从句
It happened that he passed by the house.
碰巧他经过那座房子。
5．It＋doesn't matter(It＋makes no difference，etc.)＋连接词引导的主语从句
It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.
不管他去或是不去，对我都没有影响。
【提示】　(1)if引导主语从句时不能置于句首，此时要用whether。
(2)that引导主语从句并置于句首时不能省略。
二、宾语从句
　名词性从句中用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，在句中可以作谓语动词、介词或形容词的宾语。
1．由连接词that引导的宾语从句
由连接词that引导宾语从句时，that在句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去，但如果从句是并列句时，第二个分句前的that不可省略。
He has told me (that) he will go to Shanghai tomorrow.他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。
He said his parents had died and that he had to make a living alone.他说他的父母死了，他不得不独自谋生。
【提示】　在order，suggest，decide，insist，desire，demand，request，command等表示命令、建议、决定、要求等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“(should)＋动词原形”。
I insist that she(should) do her work alone.
我坚持要她自己工作。
2．用whether或if引导的宾语从句，其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒，仍保持陈述句语序。
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部。
3．用who，whom，which，whose，what，when，where，why，how，whoever，whatever，whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句，但应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。
I was curious as to what we would do next.
我很想知道下一步我们该做什么。
4．在think，believe，imagine，suppose等动词引导的否定性宾语从句中，要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。
We don't think you are here.
我们认为你不在这。
5．在“及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构中，若宾语为从句，常用it作形式宾语而把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语后面，宾语从句若有that引导，that不可省略。
I find it necessary that we should spend more time practising spoken English.
我觉得多花点时间练习英语口语很有必要。
三、表语从句
　表语从句在句中作表语，它位于主句中的系动词之后。引导表语从句的从属连词、连接代词和连接副词与引导主语从句、宾语从句的从属连词、连接代词和连接副词相同。另外，because以及在系动词seem，look后的as if(though)也可引导表语从句。
My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.
我的建议是我们应该把会议推迟。
The question is whether she is willing to help you.
问题是她是否愿意帮你。
【提示】　(1)连词that引导表语从句时，that不能省略。
(2)连词if(是否)不能引导表语从句，只能用whether。
四、同位语从句
　用作同位语的从句，叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词(如：fact，idea，news，promise，information，message等)的后面，用以说明或解释前面的名词。引导同位语从句的词有从属连词that，whether，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，why，how等。
We heard the news that our team had won.
我们听说了我们队取得胜利的消息。
I have no idea when he will be back.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
同位语从句和定语从句的区别
区别一
引导同位语从句的that仅起连接作用；引导定语从句的that起引导从句和充当句子成分的双重作用
区别二
同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行解释说明；定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是对先行词进行修饰或限定
区别三
同位语从句所对应的名词一般为抽象名词；定语从句的先行词没有这方面的限制
　The news that they had won the game soon spread over the whole school.(同位语从句)
他们赢了比赛的消息很快就传遍了整个学校。
The news (that) you told me yesterday was really disappointing.(定语从句)
你昨天告诉我的消息确实令人失望。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．The view many scientists hold is too much emission of carbon dioxide is destructive.
A．what；that　　　　　　B．that；which
C．that；that D．which；which
【解析】　句意：许多科学家认为二氧化碳的大量排放会造成破坏性的结果。第一空that/which引导定语从句并在句中作宾语；第二空that引导表语从句，that在句中不作成分，只是引导词。
【答案】　C
2．(2013·北京高考) makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.
A．That B．What
C．Who D．Which
【解析】　句意：使这本书与众不同的是作者具有的创造性的想象力。分析结构可知， makes the book so extraordinary为主语从句，从句缺少主语，要用what引导。that引导主语从句时，仅仅起连接作用，不作句子成分，但不能省略；who指人；which引导名词性从句时与what的区别在于它为特指，而what为泛指。故正确答案为B项。分析清楚句子结构是解题关键。
【答案】　B
3．(2013·山东高考)It's good to know the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.
A．what B．whose
C．which D．that
【解析】　句意：知道当我们不在家时狗将会受到很好的照顾真好。动词know后是宾语从句，从句中不缺成分，用that起连接作用。
【答案】　D
4．(2013·陕西高考)It remains to be seen the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice.
A．that B．which
C．what D．whether
【解析】　句意：新组建的委员会的政策是否会付诸实施还有待观察。该句包含一个由whether引导的主语从句“whether the newly formed committee's policy can be put into practice”，该主语从句不缺成分，所以排除B和C；由语境中的remains to be seen可知，“是否实施新政策”还有待观察，所以此处要用whether。故选D。
【答案】　D
5．The fact has worried many scientists the earth is becoming warmer and warmer these years.
A．what B．which
C．that D．though
【解析】　句意：地球变得越来越暖和的事实令许多科学家担心。that引导同位语从句，进一步说明the fact的具体内容。which和though都不能引导同位语从句。从句中不缺少任何成分，排除A项。
【答案】　C
6．News came from the school office Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University.
A．which B．what
C．that D．where
【解析】　句意：学校办公室传出了王琳已经被北京大学录取的消息。that Wang Lin had been admitted to Beijing University为同位语从句，与前面的News为同位关系。本题易误选为A项，其原因是考生对定语从句和同位语从句的概念区别不清，定语从句中的先行词需在定语从句中充当成分，即定语从句如果没有加入先行词是不完整的，而由that引导的同位语从句，句子结构是完整的，不缺成分。
【答案】　C
7． is known to us all is that the old scientist，for life was hard in the past，still works hard in his eighties.
A．As；whom B．What；whom
C．It；whose D．As；whose
【解析】　此题考查主语从句及定语从句的引导词。主语从句缺少主语，as应引导非限制性定语从句，可排除A和D；it作形式主语，而whose引导定语从句，但若前有连词for则定语从句不成立，所以C项自相矛盾，也应排除。解题技巧：分清是否为定语从句，要看是否符合定语从句的前提条件，无连词连接，有先行词等。
【答案】　B
8．(2013·安徽高考)From space，the earth looks blue.This is about seventy－one percent of its surface is covered by water.
A．why　　　　　　　　　B．how
C．because D．whether
【解析】　本题考查表语从句的引导词。句意：从太空看，地球是蓝色的。这是因为它表面大约71%被水所覆盖。首先分析前后两句之间的逻辑关系，此处为“前果后因”，使用because，故选C项。
【答案】　C
9．(2013·天津高考) I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.
A．That B．Which
C．Whether D．What
【解析】　句意：我想告诉你的是我对父母深深的爱和尊敬。本题考查主语从句引导词的判定。 I want to tell you是一个主语从句，且从句中缺少tell的直接宾语，故用what引导。which表示在某一范围内做出选择，与句意不符。
【答案】　D
10．Tomorrow is Tom's birthday.Have you got any idea the party is to be held?
A．what B．which
C．that D．where
【解析】　句意：明天是汤姆的生日。你认为聚会应当在哪里举行？where引导一个同位语从句，并在从句中作地点状语。
【答案】　D
Ⅱ.用适当的引导词填空
1．We didn't have money.That was we wanted to wait until our mother came back.
2．The fact is I have lost his address.
3．Energy is makes things work.
4．Go and get your coat.It's you left it.
5．Whether the sports meet will be held next week depends on the weather will be fine.
6．I wonder you are getting on with your studies.
7．The question is can complete the difficult task.
8．It seemed he was going to cry.
9．He got caught in the heavy traffic.That was he was late.
10．I have no idea he will bring me tomorrow.
【答案】　1.why　2.that　3.what　4.where　5.whether
6．how　7.who　8.that/as if/as though　9.why　10.what
Period ⅢVarieties of English & Body Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确使用这些单词和短语造句。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
●教学地位
听力是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。听力训
练是英语语言交流的一项基本技能，让学生了解听力技巧和提高听力能力是至关重要的。让学生掌握语法知识是学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。然后处理第8～9页的听力部分内容。?导入新课。?学生快速阅读课文(见课本第10页)并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。?学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。?让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“课前自主导学”部分(见学案第11页)。?学生共同讨论。师生统一答案。?让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第11页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。?自我评估(见学案第16页)。?布置作业。让学生完成课本第11页3、4、5题，预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第16页)。
Ⅰ.判断正误
1．Body language often has different meanings in different cultures.(　　)
2．Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool.(　　)
3．Nodding always means YES in different countries.(　　)
【答案】　1.F　2.T　3.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．What does a pat on the back and a smile usually mean?
A．Greeting you.
B．You did a good job.
C．I agree with you.
2．Which of the following is the difference between spoken language and body language，according to the passage?
A．Body language can't be used to communicate both attitudes and feelings.
B．Spoken language is easier to use than body language.
C．Body language is not always explicit but sometimes can be ambiguous.
3．When you are nervous in foreign countries，which form of body language can you use to make you feel better?
A．Smiling.
B．Nodding.
C．Shrugging your shoulders.
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.A　
1．The more different accents you hear，the more confused you get.(P8)
你听到的口音越不一样，你就会越糊涂。
“the＋比较级，the＋比较级”表示“越……越……”，前一个分句表示条件，故不能用将来时。
The more you read，the more you will get.
你读得越多收获就越大。
The earlier you start，the sooner you will be back.
你动身越早，回来得就越早。
比较级的三种特殊结构：
①比较级＋and＋比较级(more and more＋多音节 adj./adv.)越来越……(表示本身程度的改变)
②the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..
越……就越……(表示后者随着前者的变化而变化)
③the＋比较级＋of the two＋名词
两者中比较……的一个
The day is getting longer and longer.
白天变得越来越长。
The more a man knows，the more he is inclined to be modest.[谚]大智若愚。
He is the taller of the two brothers.
他是这两兄弟中较高的那个。
【提示】　在“the more...，the more...”句型中，第一个the more引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句；第二个the more引导的部分相当于一个主句。主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时，若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词要用一般现在时表将来。
完成句子
①他越不烦恼，工作就做得越好。
The less he worried， .
②随着时间的推移，天变得越来越热。
As time goes on，it gets .
【答案】　①the better he worked　②warmer and warmer
2．catch on学会；理解；受欢迎
It was a long time before the police caught on to what he was really doing.
过了好长时间警察才明白过来他究竟在干什么。
Usually a couple of the children will catch on quickly and help the others.通常会有几个孩子理解得很快并帮助其他的孩子。
The new song caught on quickly.
这首新歌很快就流行起来了。
catch on to sth.理解(＝understand sth.)
catch on with sb.受某人欢迎(＝be popular with)
catch sight of察觉；看见
catch up with赶上
catch hold of抓住；捉住
I don't quite catch on to what she is saying.
我不太明白她在说些什么。
You'll soon catch up with us if you hurry.
如果抓紧时间，你很快能赶上我们。
This new song failed to catch on with students.
这首新歌在学生中没流行起来。
【教师备课资源】　
catch one's attention引起……的注意
catch one's breath屏息；喘口气
catch sb.out抓住某人的短处
catch sb.doing撞见某人正在做某事
be caught in遇(雨)；落入(陷阱)
catch (on) fire着火，开始燃烧
　
完成句子
①这种新时尚受到年轻人的欢迎。
The new fashion young people.
②你在这里待一会儿就会熟悉这项工作。
You the job after you've been here a while.
【答案】　①has caught on with　②will catch on to
3．keep to履行；实施；不离开
I'm sorry but we have to keep to the timetable，sir.(P9)
先生，对不起，我们得遵守时刻表。
You'd better keep to the point in the speech to be given next week.在下个星期要做的演讲中，你最好紧扣主题。
Once signed，the terms of contract must be kept to strictly.一旦签署了合同，就要严格执行合同条款。
It's best to keep to the paved roads in order not to dirty your shoes.为了不弄脏你的鞋子，最好走铺过的道路。
keep away避开；不靠近
keep back保留；阻止
keep on doing不断做；持续做
keep off避开；防止；挡住
keep up保持；继续；维持
keep up with跟上；不落在后面
You just have to keep on working toward your good.
你必须朝着目标不断努力。
We had to think of a way to keep off the rain.
我们得想个办法避雨。
If this rain keeps up，the crops will be flooded.
雨要是再下，庄稼就淹了。
用 keep的短语填空
①Try to the others.
②You'd better from me，because I have had a bad cold.
③He asking silly questions.
【答案】　①keep up with　②keep away　③kept on
4．If you saw a father patting his son on the back while smiling happily，what would you think was going on？(P10)如果你看到一个父亲愉快地微笑着，拍拍他儿子的背部，你会认为发生了什么事情呢？
saw a father patting his son...属于“感官动词(hear，see，notice，listen to，observe，watch等)＋宾语＋宾补”结构。
感官动词＋名词/代词＋
I saw him reading a book on the bench under a tree when I passed by.
我经过时，看到他正在一棵树下的长凳上看书。
I saw him tied to a tall tree in the forest.
我看见他被绑在林子里一棵高大的树上。
We saw him clean the windows yesterday.
昨天我们看到他擦了窗户。
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)I looked up and noticed a snake its way up the tree to catch its breakfast.
A．to wind　　　　　　B．wind
C．winding D．wound
【解析】　“感官动词(notice)＋宾语＋宾补”结构中，宾补不能是带to的不定式，排除A；不带to的不定式作宾补时表示动作的全过程，不符合语境；此处snake与wind之间是主谓关系，排除D；且此处表示动作正在进行，故用现在分词作宾补。
【答案】　C
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①There was a person who saw the man (kill)．
②Someone saw him (go) into the restaurant.
③I saw a plane (fly) to the north on my way to work.
【答案】　①killed　②go　③flying
5．congratulate v．祝贺；恭喜
You would probably think that the father was congratulating his son on doing something well，maybe passing an exam or winning a race.(P10)你很可能会认为父亲在祝贺他的儿子某事做得好，也许是通过考试或者是赢得比赛。
I congratulate you on your success.
我祝贺你的成功。
We congratulated you sincerely on your being accepted by Tsinghua University.
我们真诚地祝贺你考入清华大学！
congratulate sb.on (doing) sth.
因为某事向某人祝贺
congratulate oneself
为自己高兴；感到自豪；庆幸自己
congratulation n．(常用复数)祝贺；贺词
congratulations on对……表示祝贺
Congratulations on your birthday！祝你生日快乐！
You really should congratulate yourself on avoiding the danger.你真该为自己避险成功而庆幸。
congratulate/celebrate
congratulate
对个人经过努力获得的成功的祝贺，只以言语表达贺意。该词的宾语是人而不是物。
celebrate
指以行动(如致礼，开party等)来庆祝生日、节日、纪念日、成功、胜利等。该词的宾语是物而不是人。
　The villagers were celebrating the Dragon Boat Festival，and congratulating the new leader on coming into power.
村民们当时正在庆祝端午节，同时祝贺新领导人执政。
用congratulate/celebrate填空
①We the New Year with a dance party.
②We him on having passed the examination.
【答案】　①celebrated　②congratulated
6．consist of由……组成；由……构成
It is a language without words that consists of gestures，facial expressions and body movements that greatly add to－and sometimes even replace－spoken language.(P10)这是一种没有词语，由手势、面部表情和身体动作组成的语言，它极大地丰富了——有时甚至取代了——口头语言。
This rescue team consisted of ten soldiers and two doctors.这支救援队由十名战士和两名医生组成。
The committee consists of seven members.
这个委员会由七名成员组成。
consist in在于；存在于
consist with与……一致
由……组成
The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease.
空中旅行的诱人之处在于快捷、舒适。
Her story consists with the fact.
她的说法与事实一致。
This necklace is made up of gold and diamonds.
这个项链由黄金和钻石组成。
【提示】　consist of没有被动语态和进行时态。
完成句子
①这座城市的美就在于它的自然环境。The beauty of the city its natural environment.
②这个委员会由10名律师组成。
The committee ten lawyers.
【答案】　①consists in　②is made up of/is composed of/consists of
7．Somebody jumping for joy is easy to see while a raised eyebrow conveying doubt is easier to miss.(P10)高兴得跳起来的人很容易见到，然而把眉毛往上耸来传达怀疑的态度却更容易为人们所忽略。
while可用作并列连词，作“然而”讲，连接一个并列句，表示前后意义上的对比或转折。
Nodding the head means agreement，while shaking it means disagreement.
点头表示同意，而摇头则表示不同意。
Sometimes the language spoken in these places stayed the same，while the language in England changed.
有时候这些地方的语言保持不变，而英国的语言却发生了变化。
while还可以作从属连词，意为“当……时候，和……同时；虽然，尽管；如果，只要。”
Please don't talk so loud while others are working.
别人在工作时，别高声谈话。
While there is life there is hope.
只要有生命就有希望。
While I may not be able to walk，there are many other great things I can do.尽管我可能不能行走，但有许多其他了不起的事情我可以做。
【对接高考】
(2012·上海高考)Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle his classmates regarded it as a challenge.
A．while　　　　　　B．because
C．unless D．if
【解析】　句意：汤姆把考试视为障碍，而他的同学却把它当做挑战。while在此作并列连词，意为“而，却”，表示对比。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①他们来的时候，我们正在吃饭。
They arrived .
②虽然我们是邻居，但我并不太了解他们。
，I don't know them well.
【答案】　①while we were having dinner
②While we are neighbours
8．on purpose故意地
People often use body language on purpose.(P10)
人们经常有意识地使用身体语言。
My mother often spares time on purpose to have a face－to－face talk with my teacher.
我妈妈经常特意抽出时间和我的老师面对面地谈话。
I telephoned John on purpose but found he was not at home by chance.
我有意给约翰打电话，发现他碰巧不在家。
to the purpose得要领地；中肯地
with the purpose of目的是……；为了……
for the purpose of出于……目的；为了……
for all practical purposes事实上；实际上
Many people run for the purpose of losing weight.
许多人为了减肥而跑步。
They have gone to the foreign country with the purpose of earning money.他们到国外去，目的是为了赚钱。
完成句子
①雅各布先生故意将那个秘密泄露给了媒体。
Mr Jacob let out the secret to the media .
②总体说来，那位教授所作的演讲是得要领的。
Generally speaking，the speech the professor gave is .
③著名的摇滚乐队U2为了给海地募捐举办了一场音乐会。
The famous rock & roll band U2 held a concert collecting money for Haiti.
【答案】　①on purpose　②to the purpose　③for the purpose of
9．resemble vt.像；与……类似
They might also cross their arms and move in an abrupt way resembling a robot more than a human.(P10)
他们也可能交叉手臂，笨拙地走路，比起人类来更像是个机器人。
So many hotels resemble each other.
许多酒店看上去都差不多。
He strongly resembles his teacher in speaking English.
在说英语方面，他酷似他的老师。
resemble sb./sth.(in sth.)
(在某方面)与某人/某物相似
resemblance n．相似；相像
resemblance between……之间的相似点
resemblance to和……的相似点
She resembles her teacher in the way speaking and writing English.她说和写英语的方式和她的老师很像。
There is a strong resemblance between the two brothers.
两个兄弟极为相像。
【提示】　resemble不能用于进行时态和被动语态。
【教师备课资源】　
“像……”的表达：
be like/look like像……
take after
(长相、性格)像某人(侧重有血缘关系的人相像)
be similar to与……相似
be/look alike相像；相似(不用于名词前)
　
完成句子
①她的性格像她母亲，但外表并不像。
She her mother character but not appearance.
②这对双胞胎极为相像。
There is a strong the twins.
③她看起来很像她母亲。
She shows a her mother.
【答案】　①resembles；in；in　②resemblance between
③resemblance to
10．be aware of意识到；觉察到
Learning to be aware of your body language can be a very useful tool.(P10)
学会有意识地使用身体语言是一个很有用的工具。
She was aware of her mistakes only after she failed again.
只有当她又失败了的时候，她才意识到自己的错误。
I don't think people are really aware of this problem.
我认为人们并没有真明白这个问题。
be aware of表示“意识到”，为系表结构，后接名词、代词或what引导的宾语从句，若接其他宾语从句不能带of。
常见搭配：
make sb.aware of sth.使某人明白……
not that I am aware of据我所知没有
as/so far as I am aware就我所知
Their sudden attack made us more aware of the danger around us.
他们的突然攻击使我们更意识到我们周围的危险。
As/So far as I am aware，success lies in diligence.
就我所知，成功在于勤奋。
完成句子
①他已意识到自己做错了事。
He having done something wrong.
②他的行为使我明白了他的善良。
His deeds his kindness.
【答案】①has been aware of　②made me aware of
11．on the other hard另一方面……
On the other hand，you can also easily show what you don't like by shaking your head.(P10)另一方面，你也可以简单地以摇头的方式表示你不喜欢的东西。
The coat is cheap，but on the other hand the quality is poor.这件上衣很便宜，但另一方面，质量很差。
On (the) one hand I admire his gifts，but on the other (hand) I distrust his judgment.一方面我钦佩他的天赋，但另一方面我又怀疑他的判断能力。
on the other hand意为“另一方面”，常与on (the) one hand配合使用。
for one thing...for another...一则……再则……
one...the other...一个……另一个……
some...others...一些……另一些……
　I didn't buy that car.For one thing，I didn't like its colour，for another thing，I didn't have enough money.
我没有买那辆车，一方面，我不喜欢它的颜色，另一方面，我没有那么多钱。
On (the) one hand I want to sell the house，but on the other hand I can't bear the thought of moving.
一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面我又不愿搬家。
【教师备课资源】　
有关hand的常见短语有：
(close/near) at hand (在时间或距离上)接近
by hand手工的；专人传递
hand in hand手拉手；密切关联
hands up举手
in hand在手头，可供使用；正在处理中
out of hand难以(无法)控制
hand sth.around/round传递、分发
hand sth.down把某事物传下去
hand sth.in提交，呈交，上交
hand sth.out分发某物
　
完成句子
① (一方面)，he is brilliant； (另一方面)，he is lazy.
②Many college graduates are out of work now， (但另一方面)，they won't take jobs that do not pay much.
【答案】　①On (the) one hand；on the other (hand)　②but on the other hand
12．Regardless of these differences，experts agree that across the globe there is one form of body language that receives universal approval－the smile.(P10)尽管存在着这些不同，世界各地的专家们却一致认为有一种身体语言得到普遍的认同，那就是微笑。
(1)regardless of不顾；不管
They decorated the house regardless of cost.
他们不惜成本装修这幢房子。
All our proposals were rejected，regardless of their merit.我们所有的建议都遭到拒绝，毫不考虑这些建议的价值。
同样表达“不管；尽管”，regardless of，despite和in spite of都是介词，后面接名词、代词和动名词；though，although和whether都是连词，后面接从句。
We often go to the English Corner，regardless of/despite/in spite of being busy.
不管我们多忙，我们都经常去英语角。
Though it was raining，he went there.
虽然当时正下着雨，他还是到那里去了。
Although they are poor，they are happy.
他们虽然穷，但却很幸福。
用regardless of/though填空
① I need money for myself，I'm still willing to help.
②He says what he thinks， other people's feelings.
【答案】　①Though　②regardless of
(2)approval n．赞成；赞许；批准；认可
She desperately wanted to win her father's approval.
她急不可待地想赢得她父亲的赞同。
He can't agree to anything without his parents' approval.没有父母的认可他什么也不能答应。
①in approval同意，赞成(常作状语)
show one's approval某人表示赞许
win one's approval得到某人的赞同
meet with one's approval得到某人的同意
with/without one's approval经/未经某人批准
②
The audience cheered，yelled and whistled in approval.
观众发出欢呼声、喊叫声和口哨声表示赞许。
The audience showed their approval by cheering loudly.观众高声喝彩表示赞许。
【教师备课资源】　
approving adj.赞成的，同意的
disapprove vi.不赞成，不同意
approve vi.赞成，赞许；vt.批准，认可，通过
　
完成句子
③未经委员会批准，我们不能动工。
We can't start building .
④你做了一个很好的决定，我非常赞同。
You made a good decision，and .
【答案】　③without the council's approval
④I approve of it
Period ⅣCommunication Workshop
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)培养学生对课文的理解力和听、说、读、写能力。
(4)掌握写英语书信的方法。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是有关新未来语言学校的一封信，是为了引出本单元写作话题——正式信函。此外，掌握对正式信函的写作方法在本单元中也占有相当重要的地位。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
让学生谈谈他们为了学好英语，参加过哪些学习英语的培训机构，向他们了解他们是如何被这些机构所吸引的，也就是说，这些机构是如何做广告的，由此引出本文的话题。
●教学流程设计
检查上堂所布置作业。?导入新课。?学生快速阅读课文(见课本第12页)并完成学案上的“课前自主导学”部分(见学案第16页)。?学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第16页)。?学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。?学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第20页)。?自我评估(见学案第21页)。?让学生做“课时作业。?老师布置作业：让学生课下预习PeriodⅤ部分(见学案第22页)。
Ⅰ.判断正误
1．Generally speaking，a success in the business world has a high level of English competence.(　　)
2．Li Wei is less interested in studying English varieties.(　　)
3．If you sign up night now，you will receive a discount.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.T　3.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．What English language skills does the curriculum emphasize(强调) except the following one?
A．business meetings
B．marketing
C．comnunicating
2．What can New Future Language School offer all applicants?
A．Business English Diploma course
B．a good job
C．much money
3．What does the passage mainly tell us?
A．the contents of a letter
B．A advertisement of a language school
C．the importance of business English
【答案】　1.C　2.A　3.B
1．applicant n．(P12)申请人
There were over 500 applicants for the job.
有500多人申请这份工作。
There are many applicants for the job.
有许多应征者申请这份工作。
application n．申请；应用
apply vt.申请；应用
apply (to sb.) for sth.(向某人)申请某事
apply to sb./sth.适应于……
apply sth.to sth.把……应用于……
apply oneself to doing sth.专注于/集中精力做某事
We should apply what we have learned at school to daily life.
我们应该将我们在学校学到的知识应用到日常生活中。
He wants to apply to the company for a job as a salesman.他想向这家公司申请一份售货员的工作。
This traffic rule applies to all the drivers.
这条交通规则适用于所有的司机。
完成句子
①约翰被他所申请的四所大学录取。
John was accepted by four universities that he .
②他已向学校申请了奖学金。
He has applied to the school scholarship.
③这项新技术已应用于农业。
The new technology was farming.
【答案】　①applied to　②for　③applied to
2．focus on/upon集中于……
The curriculum focuses on English language skills used in business meetings and in areas such as marketing and advertising.(P12)这些课程主要讲述商业会议以及诸如销售及广告领域中用到的英语语言技巧。
With economy declining，international attention has all focused on the crisis.
随着经济衰退，国际注意力都集中到这次危机上了。
All her energies are focused on her children.
她的全部精力都倾注在了孩子们身上。
We must focus our attention on urgent problems.
我们必须把注意力集中在紧急问题上。
focus n．中心；焦点v.聚集；集中
常用搭配：
focus...on/upon...
把……集中于……；把……对准……
be/stay/keep/remain focused on/upon...
集中于……；集中到……
in/out of focus焦点对准的/没对准的
the/a focus of attention关注的焦点
I have to focus my mind on study this week.
我本周必须专心学习。
All eyes focused on her.
所有的眼睛都盯着她。
She turned the camera and focused on John's face.
她转过镜头对准约翰的脸。
【教师备课资源】　
与focus on意义相近的短语常见的还有：
fix one's attention on集中注意力于……
put one's mind in专心于……
apply oneself/one's mind to专心于……
put one's heart into集中精力于……
be absorbed in一心一意于……
be lost in倾心于……
be concentrated in/on/outside汇集于……
concentrate one's energy/attention on致力于……；专心于……
devote...to...献身于……
　
完成句子
①你应该把你的注意力放在工作上。
You should your work.
②他的医生关注于如何治好的他的伤。
His doctor how to cure his injury.
【答案】　①focus your attention on　②focused on/upon
3．offer vt.提出，提供，出价n.提供；开价
A useful overview of different English varieties is also offered.(P12)也提供了相当有用的不同种类英语的概述。
He came towards me，smiled and offered his hand.
他向我走来，微笑着并和我握手。
I've had an offer of ￡20,000 for the house.
有人已经出价两万英镑要买我那栋房子。
You can't just turn down offers of work like that.
你不能像那样拒绝别人提供的工作。
offer sb.sth.＝offer sth.to sb.提供给某人某物
offer some money for sth.出价多少钱买某物
offer to do sth.主动做某事
They offered me a good job in Japan.
在日本他们给我提供了一份很好的工作。
The young man offered 300,000 yuan for my new house.这位年轻人出价30万元买我的新房子。
He offered to help me with my English.
他主动帮我学习英语。
【对接高考】
(2012·江苏高考)—Can I help you with it?
—I appreciate your ，but I can manage it myself.
A．advice　　　　　　B．question
C．offer D．idea
【解析】　advice建议；question问题，疑问；offer出价，(主动提供)帮助；idea主意。第一个人的话“Can I help you with it？”属于向第二个人主动提供帮助，即是一种offer。故选C。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①他们把那个职位给了史密斯先生。
They the position Mr.Smith.
②我生病时，我的同学主动提出照顾我。
My classmates me when I was sick.
【答案】　①offered；to　②offered to look after
4．cover vt.包含，包括
Secondly，I don't see why varieties of English are covered in the course.(P12)其次，我不知道为什么各类英语在这个课程中都有所涉及。
This dictionary does not cover all the English verbs.
这本词典不包括全部英语动词。
The review covered everything we learned last term.
这次复习包括上学期我们所学的全部内容。
cover用作动词，意义很多，常见的有：
①覆盖，遮盖(常与with连用)
②行走一段距离(通常不用于被动语态)
③看完若干页书
④采访，报道
⑤谈到，涉及(相当于deal with，refer to)
⑥占地多大，面积多大
⑦掩护，保护
The BBC will cover all the major games of the tournament.英国广播公司将报道这次锦标赛的所有重要赛事。
How many pages have you covered today?
你今天看了多少页书？
My car covered 100 miles in an hour.
我的汽车一小时行驶了一百英里。
说出下列句子中cover的汉语意思
①By sunset we had covered thirty miles.
②The reporter was assigned to cover international news.
③She covered her knees with a blanket.
④Her lecture covered the subject thoroughly.
【答案】　①行走　②报道　③遮盖　④谈到；涉及
5．prefer v．宁可，宁愿(选择)，更喜欢
I am more interested in business so I would prefer not to study English varieties unless it is really necessary.(P12)我对商业更感兴趣，因此我宁愿不学各种英语的变体，除非确定有必要。
Of the two options，I prefer the former.
这两种选择中我倾向于前一种。
Which do you prefer，fishing or mountain－climbing?
钓鱼和登山，你更喜欢哪一个？
prefer sth.更喜欢某物
prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth.
喜欢做某事，宁愿做某事
prefer sth.to sth.与……相比，更喜欢……
prefer doing sth.to doing sth.
与……相比，更喜欢做某事……
prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.
宁愿……而不愿……
　I prefer staying at home to going to see a boring movie.
我宁愿待在家里而不愿去看无聊的电影。
He prefers to walk home rather than take a bus.
他宁愿步行回家，而不愿乘公共汽车。
I would prefer you not to go out at night.
我宁愿你在夜间不要出去。
【教师备课资源】　
preferable更适合，更可取
be preferable to (doing) sth.比……更好，更适合
preference偏爱，爱好
give preference to给……优先权，优待
in preference to而不是
　
完成句子
①与骑自行车相比，我更喜欢步行。
I walking cycling.
②我宁愿步行也不骑自行车。
I walk cycle.
【答案】　①prefer；to　②prefer to；rather than
6．provided that假若；倘若；倘使；如果；只要
Thirdly，you say that there is a discount provided that I pay in advance.(P12)
第三，你说假若我提前付款就会有一个折扣。
We'll visit Europe next year，provided that we have money.要是有钱，我们明年就去欧洲旅游。
providing that＝provided that假如；如果
suppose/supposing that如果；假如
given that假如；如果
I will go there providing my expenses are paid.
要是我的费用有人代付我就去那里。
Suppose/Supposing (that) she doesn't come，we will still go there.要是她不来，我们还是要去那儿。
【提示】　以上结构相当于一个连词，在句中连接一个状语从句，其中suppose/supposing/provided/providing that和given that结构中的that可以省略。
引导条件状语从句的词还有：if，unless，once，so/as long as，as/so far as，in case，on condition that等。when也可表示条件。
【对接高考】
(2012·江苏高考)One's life has value one brings value to the life of others.
A．so that　　　　　　B．no matter how
C．as long as D．except that
【解析】　考查连词。句意：只要一个人给别人的生活带来价值，那么他的生命就有价值。as long as“只要”，符合句意。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①如果他承认他的错误，我就原谅他。
he acknowleadges his faults，I'll pardon him.
②只有你去，我才去。
I'll go， you go too.
【答案】　①Provided that　②provided that
7．pay for为……付款，偿还，赔偿
By the way，would I also have to pay a fee for registering？(P12)顺便问一下，我还得交注册费吗？
The flat can be paid for in ten times.
这套公寓可分10次付款。
How much must I pay for the damage?
我该赔多少损失费？
pay/cost/spend/take
主语
谓语
宾语
人
pay
人＋钱＋for＋物
物/事
cost
人＋钱
人
spend
钱＋on＋物
It
take
人＋time＋to do sth.
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.
我每个月要付他们20英镑的房租。
A new computer costs a lot of money.
买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。
His money was spent on books.
他的钱用来买书了。
It took them three months to build this road.
他们用了三个月的时间修完了这条路。
用pay/cost/spend/take填空
①The dictionary her 100 yuan.
②She a lot of money buying books.
③It me half an hour to write the letter.
④She him 10 dollars for the shirt.
【答案】　①cost　②spend　③took　④paid
8．cheers inter.(P12)谢谢；干杯(用作祝酒语)；再见(用作告别语，尤其用于电话中)
“That's just what I want.Cheers！”she said when I gave her the present.
当我送给她礼物时，她说：“这正是我想要的。谢谢！”
cheer v．加油；鼓舞 n．欢呼；喝彩；激励
cheer sb.on
(赛跑、比赛等中)以喝彩声鼓励；为某人加油
cheer sb./sth.up(使)变得更高兴；(使)振奋起来
cheerful adj.快乐的；高兴的；兴高采烈的
I went to cheer our team on.
我去为我们的队伍加油。
The news that our team won the match cheered us up.
我们队赢得这场比赛的消息让我们高兴。
完成句子
①我去为我们的班级加油。
I want to our class .
②我父亲今天情绪很好。
My father is today.
【答案】　①cheer；on　②cheerful
9．embarrass vt.(P14)使窘迫；使为难；使困惑
Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.
她询问我的私生活使我很尴尬。
What embarrassed me most at that time was that I had nothing.那时最令我尴尬的是我一无所有。
embarrassment n．窘迫；令人窘迫的事
embarrassing adj.使人尴尬的
embarrassed adj.感到尴尬的
be/feel embarrassed at/about sth.对……感到尴尬
be/feel embarrassed to do sth.对做……感到尴尬
　He was very embarrassed to hear people speak so highly of him.他听见别人这样夸他，感到很难为情。
I was in the embarrassing position of having completely forgotten her name.
当时我完全忘记了她的名字，很是尴尬。
embarrassed/embarrassing
embarrassed
为过去分词形式的形容词，表示“感到窘迫的”，修饰人。
embarrassing
为现在分词形式的形容词，表示“使人窘迫的”，修饰物。
　I was embarrassed when she praised me.
她表扬我的时候，我很不好意思。
It was an embarrassing situation，which made me upset.
这是一个尴尬的处境，它使我很不自在。
用embarrass的适当形式填空
① She was by his loud laughter.
②It is the most thing that he has ever met in his daily life.
【答案】　①embarrassed　②embarrassing
如何写一封正式书信
一、英语书信的格式
英语书信通常由下列五个部分组成：
1．信头：信头包括写信人地址和写信日期，通常写在信笺的右上角。比较熟识的朋友之间的通信，写信人的地址常可略去。
(1)日期通常有下列两种写法：月、日、年，例如；August 15,2011或日、月、年，例如；15th，August,2011.
(2)地址的写法通常是由小到大，如：门牌号、街道名、市(县)名、省名、国名(邮政编码通常写在城市名之后)。这同中文书信的地址写法完全相反。地址可以写1～3行，日期写在地址的下文。
2．称呼：称呼指写信人对收信人的称呼，如Dear Mr.Li，写在信头的下方和信笺的左边。称呼一般用Dear...或My dear...开头，称呼后一般用逗号。
3．正文：这是书信的主体部分，即写信人要表达的内容。正文要求语言通顺，层次分明，表意清楚。
4．结束语：它是书信结尾的恭维话，相当于中文书信最后的“祝好”“致礼”之类的话语。“Best wishes”(致以最美好的祝愿)是最常用的结束语。
5．签名：签名通常在结束语下文的中间偏右的位置。在签名的上方可以根据写信人和收信人的关系写上Sincerely yours/Yours sincerely(用于长辈或朋友之间)，或Respectfully yours/Yours respectfully(用于对长辈或上级)。
二、英语咨询信的正文包括下面的内容
1．说明写信的理由：
I am writing to ask for more information about...
2．说明要咨询的内容：
I would like to know more about the sort of conditions...
Could you tell me more about...?
I am still worried as I have never been on this...before.
Could you please send me information...?
I would also be grateful if you could give me information...
You say that the price includes everything except...
Could you possibly give me details about...?
I look forward to hearing from you...
三、常用句式
I would be grateful if you could give me more