【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版必修四教师用书Module 4 Great Scientists
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| 名称 | 【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版必修四教师用书Module 4 Great Scientists |  | |
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| 文件大小 | 4.1MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-08-06 17:43:50 | ||
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Module 4 Great Scientists
【美文阅读】
What makes a person ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a scientist Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others The answer is“no”．It isn't the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that make him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter.
You will probably agr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee，too，that knowing how to investigate，how to discover information，is important to everyone.The scientist，however，goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his question and that his answers he gets to many questions are into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist's knowl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )edge must be exact.There's no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.
If the condit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason why investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein，who developed the Theory of Relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigation.Einstein's ideas were proved to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
【诱思导学】
Can you list some g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reat scientists What can you learn from her or him
【答案】 略
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
该部分包括三个活动，主要任务是学习词汇。作用有两点：(1)通过图片、学科名称等内容的呈现，引出本模块的中心话题——伟大的科学家；(2)通过词汇、句子层面的练习为本话题的学习做语言铺垫。这一部分是整个模块学习的热身活动。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
根据课本上的插图(四位科学家)，或者提供更多的插图，提问并回答以下问题。然后导入新课。
1)What's his/her name
2) What did he/she invent or discover
3) When did he/she invent or discover it
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，完成下面表格(每空不超过3个词)
Yuan Longping: a(n)1. in the rice growing world.
2. a boy He studied in many schools and liked asking questions.
From an early age He was interested in 3. .
In college He studied 4. .
As a young teacher He began experime ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts in crop 5. .He thought that the only way to produce more rice more quickly is by crossing different 6. of rice plant.
In 1966 The results of his experiments were7. in China.
In 1970 He discovered a natura ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly sterile male rice plant，which was a 8. .
In the 1990's Because of hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s discoveries，Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent.50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were 9. to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
In the following years His rice was 10. to other countries.
【答案】 1.leading figure 2.As 3.plants 4.agriculture
5．breeding 6 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).species 7.published 8.breakthrough 9.converted 10.exported
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P32的Reading and Vocabulary部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳答案
1．Why was Yuan given the nickname“the student who asks questions”？
A．Because he was stupid.
B．Because he did not learn well in the class.
C．Because he was curious about the lessons and wanted to learn more.
2．When did he begin experiments in crop breeding
A．When he was in college.
B．When he was a young teacher.
C．When he was supported by the government.
3．How could he manage to produce more rice quickly
A．By crossing different species of rice plant.
B．By planting more rice.
C．By bringing in rice from other countries.
4．Which reason is NOT true for Yuan's success
A．Researchers were brought in from all over China to help him.
B．He was supported by the government.
C．He wanted to get more money from the experiments.
5．What is the advantage of Yuan's discovery
A．Chinese rice production rose by 45.7 percent.
B．Many rice fields ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
C．Both A and B.
【答案】 1－5 CBACB
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
nickname；convert；fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gure；bring up；by；as a result；sterile；breakthrough；experiment；cash crops
Yuan Longping is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a leading 1. in the rice growing world.He was born and 2. in China.When he was at school，he was interested in plants and was given the 3. “the student who asks questions”．As a young teacher，he began 4. in crop breeding.He thought there was only one way to have more rice quickly.That was to cross different species of rice plant.
Then he began his se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arch for a special type of rice plant.It had to be male and 5. .When the naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered in 1970，it was a 6. .7. ，China's rice production rose
8. 47.5% ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the 1990's.And 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were 9. to growing vegetables and other 10. .
【答案】 1.figure 2.bro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ught up 3.nickname 4.experiments 5.sterile 6.breakthrough 7.As a result 8.by 9.converted 10.cash crops
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．leading A．existing or happening first，before
other people or things
2．figure B．change(sth.)from one form or use
to another
3．original C．the business of selling and
sending goods to other countries
4．breakthrough D．how good or bad something is
5．support E．to start doing something instead of
another person，or start being used
instead of another thing
6．convert F．an amount of something that can be
counted or measured
7．export G．most important；chief
8．replace H．an important new discovery in
something you are studying，especially
one made after trying for a long time
9．quantity I．help sb./sth. by one's approval or
sympathy or by giving money
10．quality J．someone who is important or famous
in some way
【答案】 1.G 2.J 3.A 4.H 5.I 6.B 7.C 8.E
9．F 10.D
Ⅱ.短语填空
bring up；make a breakthrough；as a result of；bring in；the key to
1． the fire，thousands of people lost their homes.
2．He in the country，so he was not used to the city life.
3． learning English well is to practice a lot.
4．After thousan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds of experiments，the researchers finally a big .
5．We need to a lot more new business.
【答案】 1.As a result ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of 2.was brought up 3.The key to 4.made；breakthrough 5.bring in
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．As a boy he was edu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cated in many schools and was given the nickname，“the student who asks questions”．
小时候，他在许多学校读过书，得了个“问问题的学生”的绰号。
2．He thought t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
3．He thought there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
他认为，唯一的办法就是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样才能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
●教学地位
该部分是本模块的阅读主课文，讲的是我国著名科学家袁隆平年少时好学善问，长大后专心研究杂交水稻，取得巨大成功的故事，对学生有很好的教育意义。阅读后的三个练习主要针对新词汇的学习而设计。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师引导学生读文章标题，猜测课文内容。可以这样提问：
1) The title of thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s passage is The Student Who Asked Questions. In your opinion, will the passage be about something or about someone
2) When a passage is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about someone, usually what does the writer write about him/her
3) Do you think that t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he writer wrote about how the student studied in school Did the writer write about what he did when he grew up Why
然后导入新课。
●教学流程设计
让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第47页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
1．figure n．人物；体形；图案；画像；数字；隐约可见的人影；vt.认为；估计
In the rice growin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g world，the Chinese scientist，Yuan Longping，is a leading figure.(教材P32)
在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人物。
The figure of the figures on show is 108.
所展出的画像数目是108个。
I could see a dark figure in the distance.
我能看到远处有一个黑色的人影。
①keep one's figure保持优美体形
②figure out弄明白；计算出
figure on计划；指望
figure sth.in将某物包括在内；计算在内
She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。
We must figure out how to solve the problem.
我们必须考虑如何解决这个问题。
写出下列句子中figure 的汉语意思
①By 2013，this figure had risen to 14 million.
②His sister is a leading figure in the music industry.
③She's always had a good figure.
④The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers.
【答案】 ①数字 ②人物 ③体形 ④图形
2．bring up培育；养育；提出；呕吐
Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.(教材P32)袁隆平在中国出生并长大。
Why did you have to bring up the subject of money
你为什么非要提钱这个话题呢？
He was so ill that he brought up everything.
他病得厉害，把所有东西都吐出来了。
bring down降低
bring about导致；引起
bring back归还；恢复；回想
bring in赚(钱)；带进；传入
bring out阐明；使显现；出版
What brought about the change in his attitude
是什么使他改变了态度？
The photos brought back many pleasant memories.
那些照片给人带来很多美好回忆。
【对接高考】
(2011·福建高考)Born int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o a family with three brothers，David was to value the sense of sharing.
A．brought up B．turned down
C．looked after D．held back
【解析】 考查动词短语。David出生在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有三个兄弟的家庭，受到要重视分享的教育。bring up“养育，教养”；turn down“关小，拒绝”；look after“照料”；hold back“阻碍”。
【答案】 A
用适当的介词/副词填空
①Do these stories bring any memories
②The government is trying to bring the level of unemployment.
③The boys bring 60 pounds a week.
④Please bring your plan at the meeting.
【答案】 ①back ②down ③in ④up
3．He thought that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.(教材P32)他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
(1)本句中that引导宾语从句，宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句的主语是the key to feeding people，动词不定式短语to have more rice和to produce it more quickly作表语，表示对主语的解释说明。若主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式，则表语动词不定式中的不定式符号to可以省略。
The important thing is to save lives.救人要紧。
The only thing that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she wants to do now is(to)go for a holiday.现在她想做的唯一的事就是去度假。
【提示】 如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.
一次做两件事等于未做。
完成句子
①她的理想是当医生。
Her ambition is .
②我要建议的是推迟这次会议。
What I would suggest is .
【答案】 ①to be a doctor ②to put off the meeting
(2)本句中key作“关键”解，常与介词to连用。
The key to solving the problem is to reduce pollution.
解决该问题的关键是减少污染。
Honesty is the key to building a harmonious society.
诚信是建设和谐社会的关键。
常与to搭配的名词有：
the answer to the question问题的答案
the entrance to the building大楼的入口
the note to the text课文的注释
the change to the plan计划的变动
the key to the door门的钥匙
Who knows the answer to this question
谁知道这个问题的答案？
There is a front and a back entrance to the house.
这所房子有一个前门和一个后门。
单项填空
③You'd better ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )calm down and think of a solution as quickly as possible! That's the key our project successfully.
A．to finish B．to finishing
C．finishing D．finish
【解析】 句意：你最好冷静 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )下来尽快想一个解决方案。这才是成功完成我们这个项目的关键。名词the key后常跟to doing sth.表示“做某事的关键”，符合句意，故B项正确。
【答案】 B
4．support vt.支持；支撑；供养n.支持；拥护
The research was supported by the government.(教材P32)这项研究得到了政府的赞助。
Thanks for all your support at this difficult time.
谢谢你在这个困难时刻给予的帮助。
The bridge will fall down if we don't add more support.
如果我们不多加支撑，那座桥就会倒塌。
①support sb.in sth.在……方面支持某人
support one's family养家糊口
②come to one's support来支持某人
in support of...支持……
Will you support me in my campaign for election
你支持我参加竞选吗？
He spoke in support of the plan.
他发言支持这个计划。
完成句子
①政府支持这些组织提出的要求。
The government the unions their demand.
②只有少数几个人表示支持这个计划。
Only a few people spoke this plan.
③她需要一份高收入来养活这么一大家子。
She needs a high income to .
【答案】 ①supported；in ②in support of ③support such a big family
5．as a result of由于……的结果
As a result of Yuan L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ongping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's.(教材P32)
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。
He won the scholarship as a result of his hard work.
由于学习努力，他获得了奖学金。
①as a result结果
②result in导致，造成……后果
result from由……引起，因……产生
Our efforts resulted in success.
我们的努力终于成功了．
His illness resulted from bad food.
他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。
as a result/as a result of
as a result 副词短语，意为“因此，结果”，后面通常接句子，作插入语。
as a result of 介词短语，意为“由于，因为”，后面通常接名词或动名词。
She didn't study hard，as a result，she failed in the exam.
她学习不努力，结果没通过考试。
句型转换
①His carelessness resulted in his being fired.
→His being fired his carelessness.
②The sports meeting was put off as a result of the bad weather.
→The weather was bad， ，the sports meeting was put off.
【答案】 ①resulted from ②as a result
6．convert vt.转变；转换
50 thousand square kil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.(教材P32)
5万平方千米的稻田被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。
The solar cell can con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vert the energy of sunlight into electric energy.
太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
convert sth.(from sth.)into /to sth.把……(从……)转变为……
convert sb.from sth.to sth.使人改变，转变信仰
My daughter has converted me from opera to pop music.
我女儿使我从喜欢歌剧转而喜欢流行音乐。
The room was converted from a kitchen to a toilet.
这房间由厨房改成了厕所。
单项填空
Though he didn't agree with us at first，we soon
him to our way of thinking.
A．converted B．transferred
C．supported D．exchanged
【解析】 句意：起初他不同意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们，但我们很快使他向我们的思考方式转变。convert“改变(观点、习惯、信仰等)”；transfer“(使)转移，改变(环境)”；support“支持”；exchange“交换”。
【答案】 A
7．replace vt.取代；以……代替；放回
The new rice rep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.(教材P32)
这种新的水稻取代了5万平方千米的蔬菜。
Can anything replace a mother's love and care
有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗？
You must replace the books on the shelves before you leave.
离开之前你必须把书放回到书架上。
replace...with/by...用……代替/替换……
replace sb./sth.＝take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the place of sb./sth.＝take one's place代替某人(某物)(动词短语)
in place of取代，替代(介词短语)
I replaced the worn out tires with/by new ones.
我用新轮胎替换了磨损不堪的旧轮胎。
Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.
现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。
Nowadays plastics h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave taken the place of many conventional materials.
现在塑料已代替了许多传统材料。
句型转换
①Computers will never take the place of teachers in the future.
→Computers will never teachers in the future.
②She put back the cup carefully in the saucer.
→She the cup carefully in the saucer.
③Your maths teacher is ill.I will replace him today.
→Your maths teacher is ill，I will him today.
【答案】 ①replace ②replaced ③take the place of
8．quantity n．数量
A yield refers to quantity.(教材P33)
产量指的是(食品的)数量。
There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.
瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
Quality often matters more than quantity.
质量往往比数量更重要。
①a large quantity of＋ n．[U/C]大量的
large quantities of＋ n．[U/C]大量的；许多的
in quantity大量地
②quality n．质，质量[U] ；特性，品质[C]
【提示】 (large) quantities of做主语时，不管of后面跟可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
大量地购物要便宜些。
She has quantities of good clothes.
她有许多好衣服。
完成句子
①图书馆里有大量的书。
There are books in the library.
②那家印刷公司成批地买纸。
The printing office buys paper .
【答案】 ①a large quantity of/quantities of
②in quantity
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
4．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够正确运用被动语态和“by＋v. ing”的用法。
●教学地位
GRAMMAR 1部分通过改写句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、动词填空、完成句子等不同形式的练习来复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。GRAMMAR 2学习介词by＋动词的 ing形式在句中充当状语，常表示“通过某种方式”的用法。
FUNCTION学习如何正确朗读数字，包括位数较多的数字、分数和百分数。LISTENING AND VOCABULARY部分听力活动以知识竞赛的形式呈现给学生关于科学家爱因斯坦和霍金的信息，要求学生把握主要信息，回答问题、完成句子并正确理解个别单词的正确含义。READING AND WRITING部分阅读内容是顺序打乱的三个段落，介绍科学家霍金的生平。要求学生先阅读，再将打乱的段落排出正确顺序。熟悉人物生平介绍类文章的主要特点：通常按时间顺序介绍人物。然后要求学生挑选部分介绍爱因斯坦的信息，组成一篇短文，介绍他的生平。这是一个很好的连句成篇的控制性写作练习。EVERYDAY ENGLISH部分注意nickname，pass，well done等在日常交际用语中的运用。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
让学生就“要点讲练”(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第50页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
1．be known for因……而出名
What is Einstein known for？(教材P36)
爱因斯坦因何而出名？
She is best known for her roles in classic films.
她最出名的是她在经典影片中的角色。
be known/famous as作为……而出名
be known to被……所知
be famous for因……而闻名
The singer is known to the younger generation.
这位歌手被年轻的一代所熟知。
This city is known/famous as a green tea production place.
这个城市作为绿茶的生产地而出名。
用适当的介词填空
①Liu Xaoqing is known an actress.
②It is known us that Lang Lang is a famous pianist.
③Hangzhou is famous its West Lake.
【答案】 ①as ②to ③for
2．brief adj. 简短的；简洁的n.摘要；大纲
His book A Brief Hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )story of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best seller.(教材P37)
他的著作《时间简史》于1988年发表，直到现在还是一本畅销书。
Here is the brief of this book.这是这本书的摘要。
He wrote me a brief letter because of the shortage of time.
因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。
in brief总之；简短地
in short总之；简言之
to be brief简单地说
In brief，the meeting was a failure.
总之，那次会议失败了。
完成句子
①简单地说，我们不能接受这样的建议。
To ，we can't accept such advice.
②总之，你做得不好。
，your work is bad.
【答案】 ①be brief ②In brief
3．earn one's living谋生
Albert Einstein g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot a job in an office to earn his living.(教材P37)爱因斯坦得到一份办公室的工作来谋生。
She earned her living by teaching.
她以教书为生。
earn/make one's/a living谋生
earn sb. a praise/a reputation为某人赢得赞扬/名声
earn a high salary挣得高工资
My brother earns/makes his living by selling books/as a bookseller.
我弟弟以卖书为生。
【对接高考】
(2011·辽宁高考)You are old enough to your own living.
A．win B．gain
C．take D．earn
【解析】 考查固定短语。句意：你的年龄已经足以自己谋生了。earn/make one's living“谋生”，为固定短语，故D项正确。
【答案】 D
完成句子
①这位老人靠兼职秘书为生。
The old man a part time secretary.
②她十五岁就开始独自谋生。
She began to at the age of 15.
【答案】 ①earns/makes his living as ②earn/make her living
4．come to power掌权；上台
Albert Einstein le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ft Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.(教材P37)
爱因斯坦在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作。
The party came to power at the last election.
这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
in power当权，执政
in one's power为某人力所能及
within/beyond one's power力所能及/超出某人的能力范围
have/hold power over sth.对……有控制权
How long has he been in power？他上台多久了？
It is beyond/not within my power to help you.
我没有能力帮助你。
I will do everything in my power to help you.
我愿尽我的力量帮助你。
She has a lot of power over the people in her team.
她对队里的人有很大的影响力。
完成句子
①这个政党是何时掌权的？
When did the party ？
②这个政党当权十年了。
The party for ten years.
③并不是我不想帮忙，而是我能力有限。
Not that I don't want to help you，but that it's
to do so.
【答案】 ①come to power ②has been in power
③beyond my power
观察下列从Reading and Vocabulary中选取的句子，体会“被动语态及by＋ v． ing形式”的用法。
①Rice is also grown ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in many other Asian countries，and in some European countries like Italy.
②Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.
③As a boy，he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was educated in many schools and was given the nickname，“the student who asks questions”．
④He thought there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
⑤The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966.
⑥Finally，in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered.
⑦Researchers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.
⑧The research was supported by the government.
⑨50 thousand squa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
⑩Following this， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries，such as Pakistan and the Philippines.
In Pakistan rice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.
The new hybr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High tech Agricultural Company of China.
[自我总结]
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的 ；被动语态表示主语是动作的 ，动作的执行者可用 引出。被动语态的一般构成：助动词be＋ 动词的过去分词；含情态动词的谓语变被动语态时，其结构分为两种形式：一般式(情态动词＋be＋过去分词)、完成式(情态动词＋ ＋ ＋过去分词)。
【答案】 执行者；承受者；by；及物；have；been
被动语态
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 has/have＋been＋过去分词
过去 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 had been＋过去分词
将来 shall/will＋be＋过去分词 / shall/will＋have been＋过去分词
过去将来 should/would＋be＋过去分词 / should/would＋have been＋过去分词
二、被动语态的使用场合
1．当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。
Their wedding will be held in the church.
他们的婚礼将在教堂里举行。
2．突出或强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。
Two novels have been written by him so far.
迄今为止他已经写了两部小说。
三、进行语态转换时须注意的问题
1．不及物动词不能用于被动语态；表示状态的动词一般不用于被动语态。
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.(正)
我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
2．含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将其中一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个宾语变为主语，另一个保持不动，一般将间接宾语变为主语的情况居多。将直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
我过生日的时候，叔叔给了我一份礼物。
→I was given a present by my uncle on my birthday.
→A present was given to me by my uncle on my birthday.
3．“动词＋介词或副词”构成的动词短语变被动语态时，不可将介词或副词与动词拆开。
These books are taken good care of.
这些书被照料的很好。
His request was turned down.
他的请求遭到了拒绝。
4．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语，而把宾补放在动词之后。
We always keep the classroom clean and tidy.
我们总是保持教室干净而且整洁。
→The classroom is always kept clean and tidy by us.
【提示】 see，watch，hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r，notice，listen to，look at，make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to，但当宾补变为主补时，必须加上不定式符号to。
We often hear him play the guitar.
我们经常听到他弹吉他。
→He is often heard to play the guitar by us.
5．主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
(1)write，sell，wash，cook等表示主语内在品质或性能的行为动词加副词可表示被动含义。
The cloth washes easily.这块布易洗涤。
The new product sells well.这种新产品很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写字很流畅。
(2)某些感官动词和系动词(如feel，look，seem，taste，sound等)加形容词可表示被动意义。
—Do you like the material 你喜欢这种布料吗？
—Yes，it feels very soft.是的，它摸起来很柔软。
by＋v.ing形式
by＋v.ing形式表示“通过……方式/手段”。
或方法可用来回答“how”的问题。
He made his living by begging.他以乞讨为生。
What do you mean by saying that
你那么说是什么意思？
Open the door by winding the handle.
转动手柄打开这扇门。
—How did you finish the job so soon
你用什么方法这么快完成工作的？
—By climbing on the roof.
我爬到屋顶上干的。
【提示】 by表示方式时，后面也可跟名词作宾语，但该名词前通常不用冠词。
Can you contact him by telephone
你能通过电话与他取得联系吗？
The house is heated by gas.这房子是用煤气供暖的。
You may pay by cheque.你可以用支票付款。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes，fortunately no one .
A．hurt B．was hurt
C．has hurt D．had been hurt
【解析】 考查时态和语态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：“你听说过市场上的那场大火了吗？”“是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。”由Have you heard...可知火灾已经发生，是过去的事情，所以没人受伤也是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时；句子的主语是人，所以应用被动语态。
【答案】 B
2．(2012·安徽高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it .
A．was decorated B．had decorated
C．had been decorating D．was being decorated
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是“被装修”，应使用被动语态。可排除B和C项。根据语境可知，是“正在装修，尚未完成”，故选D。本题易错选A。这涉及一般过去时与过去进行时的区别，前者表示“已完成”，后者表示“正在进行或尚未完成”。根据句意，装修是“正在进行”“尚未完成”。
【答案】 D
3．—Has the meeting begun
—No.I hear it till tomorrow.
A．was put off B．will put off
C．has been put off D．is put off
【解析】 meeting与put of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f之间应为被动关系，故排除B项。答句句意：没有。我听说会议已被推迟到明天了。说明推迟会议这一动作发生在我听说之前，且持续到明天，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
4．Paul doesn't have to be made .He always works hard.
A．learn B．to learn
C．learned D．learning
【解析】 make在此意为“使，让”，用在被动语态中时，其后应加to，故选B。
【答案】 B
5．After the injured ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the hospital，doctors and nurses immediately got down to their lives.
A．was rushed；save B．were rushed；saving
C．rushed；saving D．rushed；save
【解析】 句意：那些伤员被紧急送往医院 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后，医护人员立即行动起来挽救他们的生命。rush表示“因意外事件而紧急送某人/某物到某地”解时，是及物动词。get down to中的to是介词，所以用动词的 ing形式作宾语。
【答案】 B
6．Many people are thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king of outings during the holiday，so cross country cars well these few days.
A are selling B sell
C．are sold D．have been sold
【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：许多人正在考虑在假日期间去旅行，因此这几天越野车很畅销。表“畅销”用sell well，即主动表被动；而“这几天畅销”是指在特定时间段内正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。
【答案】 A
7．(2013·北京高考)—So what is the procedure
—All the applican ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts before a final decision is made by the authority.
A．interview B．are interviewing
C．are interviewed D．are being interviewed
【解析】 题干的意思是：“那 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )么程序是什么样？”“所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。”interview与主语applicants之间为动宾关系，故排除A、B两项；并且此处表示的是具体的程序，要用一般现在时，故正确答案为C项。
【答案】 C
8．—How can I help you the most
— out of the way.
A．For you to stay B．To stay
C．By staying D．With your staying
【解析】 问句提问方式，只有by doing才可回答，所以正确答案为C项。
【答案】 C
9．It is reported that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A．are being built B．were being built
C．was being built D．is being built
【解析】 句意：据报道，在受灾地区，目前许 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多新房子正在建设中。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行；并且主语与build是被动关系；“many a＋名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D项。
【答案】 D
10．(2012·湖南高考)Don't wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rry.The hard work that you do now later in life.
A．will be repaid B．was being repaid
C．has been repaid D．was repaid
【解析】 句意：不必担心，你现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在所做的艰苦工作在以后的生活中会得到回报的。句中that you do now为定语从句，修饰the hard work。A项为一般将来时的被动语态；B项为过去进行时的被动语态；C项为现在完成时的被动语态；D项为一般过去时的被动语态。由later in life可知，动作应发生在将来。
【答案】 A
Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空
1．I think computer (use)in everyday life by everybody before long.
2．The year (divide)into four seasons.
3．The concert (take place)next Friday.
4．English (speak)all over the world.
5．The meeting (hold)in the Room 302 tomorrow.
6．The broken glass (throw)away by me already.
7．This watch (repair)in two days.
8．The film (show)in this town now.
9．The bridge (build)two years ago.
10．It (know)that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
【答案】 1.will be used 2.is divided 3.will take place
4．is spoken 5 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).will be held 6.has been thrown 7.will be repaired 8.is being shown 9.was built 10.is known
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
2．理解课文。
3．能够根据课文中所提出的问题，了解火箭的历史和发展。
4．能够用英语介绍人物生平。
●教学地位
Writing要求学生能运用本模块所学词汇和短语，写人物传记类文章。CULTURAL CORNER是一篇泛读课文，介绍火箭的历史和发展。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师展示一段有关火箭的视频或图片。通过下列问题导入新课。
1) How was the idea of rockets born
2) When were rockets invented
3) What are rockets used for today
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P39课文，判断正误
1．Today rockets are used in different ways.( )
2．The idea of the rocket was born in ancient China.( )
3．It is possible that the Mongols introduced rockets to Europe.( )
4．All people don't want to use rockets in battles.( )
5．Wan Hu was carried into space by the flying chair.( )
【答案】 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P39课文，选取最佳答案
1．When were rockets probably invented
A．About 2000 years ago.
B．In 1232.
C．Between the 13th and 15th centuries.
2．Who is thought to have introduced rockets to Europe
A．The Song army. B．The Mongols.
C．Wan Hu.
3．From this passage，we can conclude that .
A．it was Wan Hu that invented rockets
B．it was from China that rockets were introduced to Europe
C．rockets are mainly used for military purposes
【答案】 1－3 ABB
1．escape v．逃脱；逃避；漏出n.逃脱
The Chinese discov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.(教材P39)
中国人发现从竹筒里散失的气体能将竹筒发射到空中。
The prisoners attempted to escape but failed.
囚犯们企图逃跑，但是失败了。
①escape from (out of)＋sp.从……逃脱；逃走
escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape one's attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视
②make one's /an escape逃跑
have a narrow escape九死一生
He escaped from (the) prison this morning.
他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。
His name escaped me.我想不起他的名字。
You are lucky to escape punishment/being punished.
你逃脱了惩罚，真幸运。
When the guard's back was turned，she made her escape.
看守人一转过身去，她就逃走了。
完成句子
①这只鸟避免了被杀死。
The bird .
②他设法从燃烧的车里逃了出来。
He managed to .
③我没有注意到这个事实。
The fact .
④他在这起事故中幸免于难。
He had a in this accident.
【答案】 ①escaped being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )killed ②escape from the burning car ③escaped my notice ④narrow escape
2．The tubes were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.(教材P39)箭管被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。
句中的keep the rocke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t moving属于“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。
Don't keep me waiting for too long.
别让我等太久。
We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.
我们应该保持教室的干净和整洁。(形容词)
You'd better keep the child away from the fire.
你最好让孩子远离炉火。(副词短语)
The bad weather keeps us inside the house.
坏天气使我们不能出门。(介词短语)
Some students in the class keep their eyes closed.
班上一些同学闭着眼睛。(过去分词)
①Police were sent out to keep the traffic
smoothly during the snowstorm.
A．being run B．run
C．to run D．running
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语补足语。句意：在暴雪期间，警察被派出去维持交通平稳运行。the traffic与run之间为主动关系，故排除A项；keep sb./sth.doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“使某人/某物不断做某事”。综上所述，答案为D项。
【答案】 D
②Zhou Libo has a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great sense of humour and always keeps his audiences with his stories.
A．amused B．amusing
C．to amuse D．to be amused
【解析】 句意：周立波很幽默，总是用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )故事让他的观众们高兴。考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语his audiences与amuse(使……高兴)为逻辑上的被动关系，故排除B、C两项；keep后不能用不定式作宾补，故排除D项；A项表状态，故为答案。
【答案】 A
3．But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.(教材P39)
但是并不是所有的人都想在战争中使用火箭。
句中的not everybody意为“并不是所有的人……”，是部分否定结构。
Not every student can be hard working.
并不是每个学生都能刻苦学习。
英语否定句分为完全否定与部分否定两种情况：
当否定词not和both，all，e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very连用时，该句表示部分否定，即“不都”的意思。这时否定词not的位置可以放在这些词的前面，也可以否定谓语动词。要想表示完全否定“都不”，两者用neither，三者或三者以上用none。
I don't need both the dictionaries.
这两本词典我不都需要。
We both fell，but fortunately neither of us was hurt.
我们两个都摔倒了，但幸运的是都没有受伤．
None of the students could answer the question.
没有一个学生能够回答这一问题。
Both of the two brothers do not want to go to the party.
并不是弟兄两个都想去参加宴会。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s an either or situation－we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do .
A．others B．either
C．another D．both
【解析】 题干的意思是：“这是一个二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )选一的情况——我们要么今年买一辆新车要么去度假，但是我们不能二者兼得。”分析题意可知，这是在两者之间进行选择，所以排除A、C两项，either用在否定句中表示全部否定，而both用在否定句中表示部分否定，所以选D。
【答案】 D
翻译句子
①他们两个人都不喜欢音乐。
②他们两个人不都喜欢音乐。
【答案】 ①Neither of them likes music. ②Both of them don't like music.
4．clear vi.(烟雾)消散vt.清除；收拾
When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.(教材P39)
当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。
The plane can't take off until the fog clears.
直到大雾散去，飞机才能起飞。
clear the table收拾桌子
clear one's throat清清嗓子
clear away把……收拾走，清除掉
clear up整理，收拾，消除(误会、疑虑等)；(天)放晴
If the weather clears up，we can go out for a walk.
如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。
Our job is to clear away the rubbish.
我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。
完成句子
①云渐渐散去，太阳出来了。
The cloud slowly and the sun came out.
②晚饭后，弟弟经常帮母亲收拾碟子。
After supper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，my younger brother often helps mother the dishes.
③你在回家前，最好打扫好教室。
You must the classroom before you go home.
【答案】 ①cleared ②clear away ③clear up
5．Or was he c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arried miles into space，becoming the world's first astronaut？(教材P39)
他是否会运载数英里进入太空变成世界上第一位宇航员呢？
句中becoming the world's first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。表示一种顺其自然、合乎情理的结果。
He beat all the other players，winning the first prize.
他击败了其他所有的选手，获得了一等奖。
The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了一周，没剩下任何值钱的东西。
动词不定式也可作结果状语，但往往表示意想不到的结果，特别是与only连用时。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起了石头却砸了自己的脚。
【对接高考】
(2012·天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office，
the breakfast untouched.
A．left B．to leave
C．leaving D．having left
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他起床晚了，匆忙赶往办公室，没有吃早饭。主语He与leave之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。leave这一动作并未发生在谓语动作之前，排除D项。部分考生选择having left，误认为leave这一动作发生在got up和hurried之前。
【答案】 C
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The wind blew away the good soil， (leave)only sand.
②She arrived home only (find)that the door was locked.
③It rained heavil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y in the south， (cause)serious flooding in several provinces.
【答案】 ①leaving ②to find ③causing
如何写人物传记
传记(biography)是记载人物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生平事迹的一种文体，传记的种类分为传(小传)、自传等。传或小传是记叙他人生平的文章。自传是自述生平的文章，作者把自己一生中经历的事件，系统而又重点地介绍出来。
人物传记也是记叙文体的一种，但人物传记主要写名人或伟人的生平、事迹，因此，写人物传记时要抓住其出生年月、主要事迹以及人们的评论等。
此类文章以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物写一件或几件事，一般按时间顺序来写。
文章一般分为三部分。
第一部分：描写的人物是谁，对这个人物进行总体介绍。
第二部分：以时间顺序介绍这个人物的生平经历、思想见解和贡献等。
第三部分：写人们对他或她的评价以及对后人的影响等。
因描写的事情都是过去发生的事，所以通常用过去时。介绍他人的经历和事迹应用第三人称。
[常用句式]
1．be born in...and died in...
2．be known as...；be famous for...；became well known to...
3．What impressed sb.most was that...
4．...set a good example to us/me.
5．...encourage us/me.to do sth.
6．...have a deep effect on...；be deeply affected by...
7．...be respected by...
8．...devoted one's whole life to...and won...
9．...will always be remembered and regarded as a great...
请根据下面的内容要点，写一篇120～150词的短文，介绍中国杂交水稻之父——著名科学家袁隆平。
1．袁隆平1930年9月出生于北京。小时候，他就梦想成为一名科学家。1953年大学毕业后，他一直从事农业科学研究。
2．袁隆平以“杂交水稻之父”而著称 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。上个世纪70年代的时候，他发现粮食产量很难提高，于是决定从事杂交水稻的研究工作。毫无疑问他对世界的粮食生产做出了巨大的贡献．因此，他获得了许多的荣誉和奖励。2004年获得“世界粮食奖”。
3．袁隆平工作努力，学识渊博，想象丰富，具有创新精神。另一方面，他也善于放松自己。业余时间，他喜欢打牌，游泳。
参考词汇：diligent 用功的，勤勉的；learned有学问的；creative有创造力的，有创新精神的．
[思路点拨]
1．本文为人物传记，要求根据要点，全面真实地记载生平事迹。写人物传记要注意三点：
①叙事务求真实，表达时不可带有主观性；
②要按照时间顺序记事；
③人称为第三人称，时态为一般过去时和一般现在时。
2．文章可根据所给要点分三部分展开叙述：第一段简述袁隆平的经历；第二段描述袁隆平做出的贡献；第三段讲述他的业余生活．
[词汇热身]
1．梦想
2．大学毕业
3．作为……而出名
4．对……做出巨大贡献
5．成就
6．在某人的业余时间
【答案】 1.dream of 2.g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raduate from college 3.be known as... 4.make great contributions to 5.achievement 6.in one's spare time
[句式温习]
1．小时候，他就梦想成为一名科学家。
，he dreamed of becoming a scientist.
2．1953年大学毕业后，他一直从事农业科学研究。
in 19 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )53，he the scientific research into agriculture.
3．上个世纪70年代，他发现粮食产量很难提高。
In the 1970's，he the rice yield.
4．毫无疑问他对世界粮食生产做出了巨大贡献。
he has made great contributions to the world food production.
【答案】 1.As a child/Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en he was a child 2.Since he graduated from college；has been undertaking/doing
3．found it difficult to raise 4.There is no doubt that
[连句成篇]
【参考范文】
Yuan Longping，w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as born in September,1930 in Beijing.As a child，he dreamed of becoming a scientist.Since he graduated from college in 1953，he has been undertaking the scientific research into agriculture.
Yuan Longping is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )known as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．In the 1970's，he found it difficult to raise the rice yield.So he decided to work on the hybrid rice.
There is no doubt th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at he has made great contributions to the world food production.Because of his great achievements，he won many honors and prizes.In 2004，he won the “World Food Prize”．
Yuan Longping is diligent，learned，creative and full of imagination.On the other hand，he is good at relaxing himself.In his spare time，he likes playing cards and swimming.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． n．人物
2． vt.出版
3． n．突破
4． vt.支持
5． vt.取代；以……代替
6． adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的
7． adj. 简短的；简洁的
8． adv.部分地；在一定程度上
9． adj.身体的
10． vi.逃跑；逃避
11． adj. 直的
12． vi.(烟雾)消散
【答案】 1.figure 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )publish 3.breakthrough 4.support 5.replace 6.brilliant 7.brief 8.partly 9.physical
10．escape 11.straight 12.clear
B．词汇拓展
13． vt.教育→ n．教育
14． n．产量→ v．生产
→ n．生产者
15． vt.出口→ vt.进口
16． n．农业→ adj. 农业的
17． n．数量→ n．质量
18． vi.毕业；n.毕业生→ n．毕业
19． adj. 个人的；私人的→ adv.就自己而言
20． vi.爆炸→ n．爆炸，爆炸声
【答案】 13.educate；edu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cation 14.production；produce；producer 15.export；import 16.agriculture；agricultural
17．quantity；quality ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )18.graduate；graduation 19.personal；personally 20.explode；explosion
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1． 培养；养育
2． 由于……的结果
3． 因……而出名/闻名
4． earn one's living
5． come to power
6． bring in
【答案】 1.bring up 2.as a result of 3.be known for 4.谋生 5.掌权 6.引入；使赚到；吸引
B．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
7．Yuan Longping was born and in China.
8．Our water supply has diminished the drought.
9．To solve this problem，experts in this field must be .
10．She by singing in a club.
11．Our company gained profits after he .
【答案】 7.brought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up 8.as a result of 9.brought in 10.earned her living 11.came to power
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．He thought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
【句式仿写】 资金是解决这个问题的关键。
2．The tubes were at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
【句式仿写】千万不要让水一直流着。
3．But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.
【句式仿写】 并不是每个人都适合干这项工作。
4．Or was he carr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut
【句式仿写】 音乐会因故取消了，令孩子们很失望。
【答案】 1.Money is the key to solving the problem.
2．Never keep the water flowing all the time.
3．Not everyone is fit to do this job.
4．The concert ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was cancelled for some reason，making the children disappointed.
阅读理解之细节理解题(四)
数据推算题
数据推算题是近几年高考中常考的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，此类试题在文章中可以直接找到相关的细节，但要经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。文章中出现的许多数字信息，有时通过单词来表现出来，如decade，century，fortnight，double，score等，它们对解题会起到一定的作用。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算得出答案。
【实例透析】
(2012·福建高考·C)
Finally，a cell phone
That's...a phone
With rates as low as $3.75 per week!
[1]．..
[2]Affordable ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plans that I can understand—and no contract to sign(签订)！Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans that make sense.Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use？
And if I do talk mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re than I plan，I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone.Best of all，there is no contract to sign—so I'm not locked in for years at a time.The US based customer service is second to none.And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.
Monthly Minutes 50 100
Monthly Rate $ 14.99 $19.99
911 Access FREE FREE
Long Distance Calls No additional charge No additional charge
Friendly Return Policy 30 days 30 days
[3]Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order...
[4]Call 1 888 809 8794 or visit www..
64．On the monthly bas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is of 100 minutes，the Jitterbug weekly rate is about .
A．$3.75 B．$4.99
C．$14.99 D．$19.99
【解析】 B。数字计算题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据题干中的“the monthly basis of 100 minutes”可以在表格里找到“每月100分钟的包月套餐”对应的是Monthly Rate→100→$19.99，即每月的费用是$19.99，那么Jitterbug每周的费用约为$4.99。故选B。
【技巧点拨】
做这类题目时应做到以下三步：第一步要审题，看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )清题目问的是什么，不要想当然回答；第二步要比对与原文的数字和单位的异同；第三步不要忽视文中的每一个数字。
(2012·浙江高考·B)
Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯)World Records.
Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records
◆Fastest 100 m running on all fours
...
◆Most people inside a soap bubble
...
◆Longest ears on a dog
...
◆Most living generations
...
◆Most T shirts worn at once
Believe it or n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot，there is a record also for this category，Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22,2010 for wearing 245 T shirts at the same time.
The man from Croatia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was officially recognized as the new record holder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T shirts in less than two hours.
The T shirts wei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ghed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T shirt No.120.He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who were 238 T shirts.
◆Heaviest pumpkin
...
48．How many T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on
A．68. B．120.
C．238. D．245.
【解析】 数字理解题。根据第五项纪录 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的“The T shirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T shirt No.120.”可知，Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点吃力了。故选B。
【答案】 B
【美文阅读】
What makes a person ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a scientist Does he have ways or tools of learning that are different from those of others The answer is“no”．It isn't the tools a scientist uses but how he uses these tools that make him a scientist.You will probably agree that knowing how to use a power is important to a carpenter.
You will probably agr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ee，too，that knowing how to investigate，how to discover information，is important to everyone.The scientist，however，goes one step further；he must be sure that he has a reasonable answer to his question and that his answers he gets to many questions are into a large set of ideas about how the world works.
The scientist's knowl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )edge must be exact.There's no room for half right or right just half the time.He must be as nearly right as the conditions permit.What works under one set of conditions at one time must work under the same conditions at other times.
If the condit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions are different，any changes the scientist observes in a demonstration must be explained by the changes in the conditions.This is one reason why investigations are important in science.Albert Einstein，who developed the Theory of Relativity，arrived at this theory through mathematics.The accuracy of his mathematics was later tested through investigation.Einstein's ideas were proved to be correct.A scientist uses many tools for measurements.Then the measurements are used to make mathematical calculations that may test his investigations.
【诱思导学】
Can you list some g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reat scientists What can you learn from her or him
【答案】 略
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
该部分包括三个活动，主要任务是学习词汇。作用有两点：(1)通过图片、学科名称等内容的呈现，引出本模块的中心话题——伟大的科学家；(2)通过词汇、句子层面的练习为本话题的学习做语言铺垫。这一部分是整个模块学习的热身活动。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
根据课本上的插图(四位科学家)，或者提供更多的插图，提问并回答以下问题。然后导入新课。
1)What's his/her name
2) What did he/she invent or discover
3) When did he/she invent or discover it
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，完成下面表格(每空不超过3个词)
Yuan Longping: a(n)1. in the rice growing world.
2. a boy He studied in many schools and liked asking questions.
From an early age He was interested in 3. .
In college He studied 4. .
As a young teacher He began experime ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts in crop 5. .He thought that the only way to produce more rice more quickly is by crossing different 6. of rice plant.
In 1966 The results of his experiments were7. in China.
In 1970 He discovered a natura ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly sterile male rice plant，which was a 8. .
In the 1990's Because of hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s discoveries，Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent.50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were 9. to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
In the following years His rice was 10. to other countries.
【答案】 1.leading figure 2.As 3.plants 4.agriculture
5．breeding 6 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).species 7.published 8.breakthrough 9.converted 10.exported
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P32的Reading and Vocabulary部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选出最佳答案
1．Why was Yuan given the nickname“the student who asks questions”？
A．Because he was stupid.
B．Because he did not learn well in the class.
C．Because he was curious about the lessons and wanted to learn more.
2．When did he begin experiments in crop breeding
A．When he was in college.
B．When he was a young teacher.
C．When he was supported by the government.
3．How could he manage to produce more rice quickly
A．By crossing different species of rice plant.
B．By planting more rice.
C．By bringing in rice from other countries.
4．Which reason is NOT true for Yuan's success
A．Researchers were brought in from all over China to help him.
B．He was supported by the government.
C．He wanted to get more money from the experiments.
5．What is the advantage of Yuan's discovery
A．Chinese rice production rose by 45.7 percent.
B．Many rice fields ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
C．Both A and B.
【答案】 1－5 CBACB
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
nickname；convert；fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gure；bring up；by；as a result；sterile；breakthrough；experiment；cash crops
Yuan Longping is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a leading 1. in the rice growing world.He was born and 2. in China.When he was at school，he was interested in plants and was given the 3. “the student who asks questions”．As a young teacher，he began 4. in crop breeding.He thought there was only one way to have more rice quickly.That was to cross different species of rice plant.
Then he began his se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arch for a special type of rice plant.It had to be male and 5. .When the naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered in 1970，it was a 6. .7. ，China's rice production rose
8. 47.5% ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in the 1990's.And 50 thousand square kilometres of rice fields were 9. to growing vegetables and other 10. .
【答案】 1.figure 2.bro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ught up 3.nickname 4.experiments 5.sterile 6.breakthrough 7.As a result 8.by 9.converted 10.cash crops
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．leading A．existing or happening first，before
other people or things
2．figure B．change(sth.)from one form or use
to another
3．original C．the business of selling and
sending goods to other countries
4．breakthrough D．how good or bad something is
5．support E．to start doing something instead of
another person，or start being used
instead of another thing
6．convert F．an amount of something that can be
counted or measured
7．export G．most important；chief
8．replace H．an important new discovery in
something you are studying，especially
one made after trying for a long time
9．quantity I．help sb./sth. by one's approval or
sympathy or by giving money
10．quality J．someone who is important or famous
in some way
【答案】 1.G 2.J 3.A 4.H 5.I 6.B 7.C 8.E
9．F 10.D
Ⅱ.短语填空
bring up；make a breakthrough；as a result of；bring in；the key to
1． the fire，thousands of people lost their homes.
2．He in the country，so he was not used to the city life.
3． learning English well is to practice a lot.
4．After thousan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds of experiments，the researchers finally a big .
5．We need to a lot more new business.
【答案】 1.As a result ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of 2.was brought up 3.The key to 4.made；breakthrough 5.bring in
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．As a boy he was edu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cated in many schools and was given the nickname，“the student who asks questions”．
小时候，他在许多学校读过书，得了个“问问题的学生”的绰号。
2．He thought t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
3．He thought there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
他认为，唯一的办法就是使不同种类的水稻杂交，这样才能培育出比原先任何一种水稻产量都要高的新品种。Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
●教学地位
该部分是本模块的阅读主课文，讲的是我国著名科学家袁隆平年少时好学善问，长大后专心研究杂交水稻，取得巨大成功的故事，对学生有很好的教育意义。阅读后的三个练习主要针对新词汇的学习而设计。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师引导学生读文章标题，猜测课文内容。可以这样提问：
1) The title of thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s passage is The Student Who Asked Questions. In your opinion, will the passage be about something or about someone
2) When a passage is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about someone, usually what does the writer write about him/her
3) Do you think that t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he writer wrote about how the student studied in school Did the writer write about what he did when he grew up Why
然后导入新课。
●教学流程设计
让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第47页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
1．figure n．人物；体形；图案；画像；数字；隐约可见的人影；vt.认为；估计
In the rice growin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g world，the Chinese scientist，Yuan Longping，is a leading figure.(教材P32)
在水稻种植领域，中国科学家袁隆平是一位杰出人物。
The figure of the figures on show is 108.
所展出的画像数目是108个。
I could see a dark figure in the distance.
我能看到远处有一个黑色的人影。
①keep one's figure保持优美体形
②figure out弄明白；计算出
figure on计划；指望
figure sth.in将某物包括在内；计算在内
She does exercise every morning to keep her figure.
她每天早上做运动以保持体形。
We must figure out how to solve the problem.
我们必须考虑如何解决这个问题。
写出下列句子中figure 的汉语意思
①By 2013，this figure had risen to 14 million.
②His sister is a leading figure in the music industry.
③She's always had a good figure.
④The wall was covered with figures of birds and flowers.
【答案】 ①数字 ②人物 ③体形 ④图形
2．bring up培育；养育；提出；呕吐
Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.(教材P32)袁隆平在中国出生并长大。
Why did you have to bring up the subject of money
你为什么非要提钱这个话题呢？
He was so ill that he brought up everything.
他病得厉害，把所有东西都吐出来了。
bring down降低
bring about导致；引起
bring back归还；恢复；回想
bring in赚(钱)；带进；传入
bring out阐明；使显现；出版
What brought about the change in his attitude
是什么使他改变了态度？
The photos brought back many pleasant memories.
那些照片给人带来很多美好回忆。
【对接高考】
(2011·福建高考)Born int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o a family with three brothers，David was to value the sense of sharing.
A．brought up B．turned down
C．looked after D．held back
【解析】 考查动词短语。David出生在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有三个兄弟的家庭，受到要重视分享的教育。bring up“养育，教养”；turn down“关小，拒绝”；look after“照料”；hold back“阻碍”。
【答案】 A
用适当的介词/副词填空
①Do these stories bring any memories
②The government is trying to bring the level of unemployment.
③The boys bring 60 pounds a week.
④Please bring your plan at the meeting.
【答案】 ①back ②down ③in ④up
3．He thought that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.(教材P32)他认为，解决人们吃饭问题的关键在于拥有更多的大米，并且能更快地生产出来。
(1)本句中that引导宾语从句，宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句的主语是the key to feeding people，动词不定式短语to have more rice和to produce it more quickly作表语，表示对主语的解释说明。若主语部分含有实义动词do的某种形式，则表语动词不定式中的不定式符号to可以省略。
The important thing is to save lives.救人要紧。
The only thing that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she wants to do now is(to)go for a holiday.现在她想做的唯一的事就是去度假。
【提示】 如果主语是不定式(表示条件)，表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.
一次做两件事等于未做。
完成句子
①她的理想是当医生。
Her ambition is .
②我要建议的是推迟这次会议。
What I would suggest is .
【答案】 ①to be a doctor ②to put off the meeting
(2)本句中key作“关键”解，常与介词to连用。
The key to solving the problem is to reduce pollution.
解决该问题的关键是减少污染。
Honesty is the key to building a harmonious society.
诚信是建设和谐社会的关键。
常与to搭配的名词有：
the answer to the question问题的答案
the entrance to the building大楼的入口
the note to the text课文的注释
the change to the plan计划的变动
the key to the door门的钥匙
Who knows the answer to this question
谁知道这个问题的答案？
There is a front and a back entrance to the house.
这所房子有一个前门和一个后门。
单项填空
③You'd better ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )calm down and think of a solution as quickly as possible! That's the key our project successfully.
A．to finish B．to finishing
C．finishing D．finish
【解析】 句意：你最好冷静 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )下来尽快想一个解决方案。这才是成功完成我们这个项目的关键。名词the key后常跟to doing sth.表示“做某事的关键”，符合句意，故B项正确。
【答案】 B
4．support vt.支持；支撑；供养n.支持；拥护
The research was supported by the government.(教材P32)这项研究得到了政府的赞助。
Thanks for all your support at this difficult time.
谢谢你在这个困难时刻给予的帮助。
The bridge will fall down if we don't add more support.
如果我们不多加支撑，那座桥就会倒塌。
①support sb.in sth.在……方面支持某人
support one's family养家糊口
②come to one's support来支持某人
in support of...支持……
Will you support me in my campaign for election
你支持我参加竞选吗？
He spoke in support of the plan.
他发言支持这个计划。
完成句子
①政府支持这些组织提出的要求。
The government the unions their demand.
②只有少数几个人表示支持这个计划。
Only a few people spoke this plan.
③她需要一份高收入来养活这么一大家子。
She needs a high income to .
【答案】 ①supported；in ②in support of ③support such a big family
5．as a result of由于……的结果
As a result of Yuan L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ongping's discoveries Chinese rice production rose by 47.5 percent in the 1990's.(教材P32)
由于袁隆平的发现，中国的水稻产量在20世纪90年代增长了47.5%。
He won the scholarship as a result of his hard work.
由于学习努力，他获得了奖学金。
①as a result结果
②result in导致，造成……后果
result from由……引起，因……产生
Our efforts resulted in success.
我们的努力终于成功了．
His illness resulted from bad food.
他的病是由于吃了变质的食物所致。
as a result/as a result of
as a result 副词短语，意为“因此，结果”，后面通常接句子，作插入语。
as a result of 介词短语，意为“由于，因为”，后面通常接名词或动名词。
She didn't study hard，as a result，she failed in the exam.
她学习不努力，结果没通过考试。
句型转换
①His carelessness resulted in his being fired.
→His being fired his carelessness.
②The sports meeting was put off as a result of the bad weather.
→The weather was bad， ，the sports meeting was put off.
【答案】 ①resulted from ②as a result
6．convert vt.转变；转换
50 thousand square kil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ometres of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.(教材P32)
5万平方千米的稻田被用来种植蔬菜和其他经济作物。
The solar cell can con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vert the energy of sunlight into electric energy.
太阳能电池能把阳光的能量转化为电能。
convert sth.(from sth.)into /to sth.把……(从……)转变为……
convert sb.from sth.to sth.使人改变，转变信仰
My daughter has converted me from opera to pop music.
我女儿使我从喜欢歌剧转而喜欢流行音乐。
The room was converted from a kitchen to a toilet.
这房间由厨房改成了厕所。
单项填空
Though he didn't agree with us at first，we soon
him to our way of thinking.
A．converted B．transferred
C．supported D．exchanged
【解析】 句意：起初他不同意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )我们，但我们很快使他向我们的思考方式转变。convert“改变(观点、习惯、信仰等)”；transfer“(使)转移，改变(环境)”；support“支持”；exchange“交换”。
【答案】 A
7．replace vt.取代；以……代替；放回
The new rice rep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )laced vegetables in 50 thousand square kilometres.(教材P32)
这种新的水稻取代了5万平方千米的蔬菜。
Can anything replace a mother's love and care
有什么东西能取代母亲的爱和关怀吗？
You must replace the books on the shelves before you leave.
离开之前你必须把书放回到书架上。
replace...with/by...用……代替/替换……
replace sb./sth.＝take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the place of sb./sth.＝take one's place代替某人(某物)(动词短语)
in place of取代，替代(介词短语)
I replaced the worn out tires with/by new ones.
我用新轮胎替换了磨损不堪的旧轮胎。
Plastics are now often used in place of wood or metal.
现在塑料经常被用来代替木料或金属。
Nowadays plastics h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave taken the place of many conventional materials.
现在塑料已代替了许多传统材料。
句型转换
①Computers will never take the place of teachers in the future.
→Computers will never teachers in the future.
②She put back the cup carefully in the saucer.
→She the cup carefully in the saucer.
③Your maths teacher is ill.I will replace him today.
→Your maths teacher is ill，I will him today.
【答案】 ①replace ②replaced ③take the place of
8．quantity n．数量
A yield refers to quantity.(教材P33)
产量指的是(食品的)数量。
There is a small quantity of water left in the bottle.
瓶子里还剩下少量的水。
Quality often matters more than quantity.
质量往往比数量更重要。
①a large quantity of＋ n．[U/C]大量的
large quantities of＋ n．[U/C]大量的；许多的
in quantity大量地
②quality n．质，质量[U] ；特性，品质[C]
【提示】 (large) quantities of做主语时，不管of后面跟可数名词或不可数名词，谓语动词都用复数形式。
It's cheaper to buy goods in quantity.
大量地购物要便宜些。
She has quantities of good clothes.
她有许多好衣服。
完成句子
①图书馆里有大量的书。
There are books in the library.
②那家印刷公司成批地买纸。
The printing office buys paper .
【答案】 ①a large quantity of/quantities of
②in quantity
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
4．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够正确运用被动语态和“by＋v. ing”的用法。
●教学地位
GRAMMAR 1部分通过改写句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、动词填空、完成句子等不同形式的练习来复习一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时和现在完成时的被动语态。GRAMMAR 2学习介词by＋动词的 ing形式在句中充当状语，常表示“通过某种方式”的用法。
FUNCTION学习如何正确朗读数字，包括位数较多的数字、分数和百分数。LISTENING AND VOCABULARY部分听力活动以知识竞赛的形式呈现给学生关于科学家爱因斯坦和霍金的信息，要求学生把握主要信息，回答问题、完成句子并正确理解个别单词的正确含义。READING AND WRITING部分阅读内容是顺序打乱的三个段落，介绍科学家霍金的生平。要求学生先阅读，再将打乱的段落排出正确顺序。熟悉人物生平介绍类文章的主要特点：通常按时间顺序介绍人物。然后要求学生挑选部分介绍爱因斯坦的信息，组成一篇短文，介绍他的生平。这是一个很好的连句成篇的控制性写作练习。EVERYDAY ENGLISH部分注意nickname，pass，well done等在日常交际用语中的运用。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
让学生就“要点讲练”(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第50页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
1．be known for因……而出名
What is Einstein known for？(教材P36)
爱因斯坦因何而出名？
She is best known for her roles in classic films.
她最出名的是她在经典影片中的角色。
be known/famous as作为……而出名
be known to被……所知
be famous for因……而闻名
The singer is known to the younger generation.
这位歌手被年轻的一代所熟知。
This city is known/famous as a green tea production place.
这个城市作为绿茶的生产地而出名。
用适当的介词填空
①Liu Xaoqing is known an actress.
②It is known us that Lang Lang is a famous pianist.
③Hangzhou is famous its West Lake.
【答案】 ①as ②to ③for
2．brief adj. 简短的；简洁的n.摘要；大纲
His book A Brief Hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )story of Time was published in 1988 and is still a best seller.(教材P37)
他的著作《时间简史》于1988年发表，直到现在还是一本畅销书。
Here is the brief of this book.这是这本书的摘要。
He wrote me a brief letter because of the shortage of time.
因为时间紧迫，他给我写了一封短信。
in brief总之；简短地
in short总之；简言之
to be brief简单地说
In brief，the meeting was a failure.
总之，那次会议失败了。
完成句子
①简单地说，我们不能接受这样的建议。
To ，we can't accept such advice.
②总之，你做得不好。
，your work is bad.
【答案】 ①be brief ②In brief
3．earn one's living谋生
Albert Einstein g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot a job in an office to earn his living.(教材P37)爱因斯坦得到一份办公室的工作来谋生。
She earned her living by teaching.
她以教书为生。
earn/make one's/a living谋生
earn sb. a praise/a reputation为某人赢得赞扬/名声
earn a high salary挣得高工资
My brother earns/makes his living by selling books/as a bookseller.
我弟弟以卖书为生。
【对接高考】
(2011·辽宁高考)You are old enough to your own living.
A．win B．gain
C．take D．earn
【解析】 考查固定短语。句意：你的年龄已经足以自己谋生了。earn/make one's living“谋生”，为固定短语，故D项正确。
【答案】 D
完成句子
①这位老人靠兼职秘书为生。
The old man a part time secretary.
②她十五岁就开始独自谋生。
She began to at the age of 15.
【答案】 ①earns/makes his living as ②earn/make her living
4．come to power掌权；上台
Albert Einstein le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ft Germany when Hitler came to power and went to work in the US.(教材P37)
爱因斯坦在希特勒掌权时离开了德国去美国工作。
The party came to power at the last election.
这个政党是在上次大选中当选执政的。
in power当权，执政
in one's power为某人力所能及
within/beyond one's power力所能及/超出某人的能力范围
have/hold power over sth.对……有控制权
How long has he been in power？他上台多久了？
It is beyond/not within my power to help you.
我没有能力帮助你。
I will do everything in my power to help you.
我愿尽我的力量帮助你。
She has a lot of power over the people in her team.
她对队里的人有很大的影响力。
完成句子
①这个政党是何时掌权的？
When did the party ？
②这个政党当权十年了。
The party for ten years.
③并不是我不想帮忙，而是我能力有限。
Not that I don't want to help you，but that it's
to do so.
【答案】 ①come to power ②has been in power
③beyond my power
观察下列从Reading and Vocabulary中选取的句子，体会“被动语态及by＋ v． ing形式”的用法。
①Rice is also grown ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in many other Asian countries，and in some European countries like Italy.
②Yuan Longping was born and brought up in China.
③As a boy，he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was educated in many schools and was given the nickname，“the student who asks questions”．
④He thought there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was only one way to do this—by crossing different species of rice plant，and then he could produce a new plant which could give a higher yield than either of the original plants.
⑤The results of his experiments were published in China in 1966.
⑥Finally，in 1970 a naturally sterile male rice plant was discovered.
⑦Researchers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) were brought in from all over China to develop the new system.
⑧The research was supported by the government.
⑨50 thousand squa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re kilometers of rice fields were converted to growing vegetables and other cash crops.
⑩Following this， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Yuan Longping's rice was exported to other countries，such as Pakistan and the Philippines.
In Pakistan rice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is the second most important crop after wheat and will be grown in many parts of the country.
The new hybr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id rice has been developed by the Yuan Longping High tech Agricultural Company of China.
[自我总结]
英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的 ；被动语态表示主语是动作的 ，动作的执行者可用 引出。被动语态的一般构成：助动词be＋ 动词的过去分词；含情态动词的谓语变被动语态时，其结构分为两种形式：一般式(情态动词＋be＋过去分词)、完成式(情态动词＋ ＋ ＋过去分词)。
【答案】 执行者；承受者；by；及物；have；been
被动语态
被动语态的时态、人称和数的变化
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are＋过去分词 am/is/are＋being＋过去分词 has/have＋been＋过去分词
过去 was/were＋过去分词 was/were＋being＋过去分词 had been＋过去分词
将来 shall/will＋be＋过去分词 / shall/will＋have been＋过去分词
过去将来 should/would＋be＋过去分词 / should/would＋have been＋过去分词
二、被动语态的使用场合
1．当不知道或没有必要指出动作的执行者时，常用被动语态。
Their wedding will be held in the church.
他们的婚礼将在教堂里举行。
2．突出或强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。
Two novels have been written by him so far.
迄今为止他已经写了两部小说。
三、进行语态转换时须注意的问题
1．不及物动词不能用于被动语态；表示状态的动词一般不用于被动语态。
Great changes have been taken place in my hometown.(误)
Great changes have taken place in my hometown.(正)
我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
2．含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可将其中一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个宾语变为主语，另一个保持不动，一般将间接宾语变为主语的情况居多。将直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前要加上适当的介词。
My uncle gave me a present on my birthday.
我过生日的时候，叔叔给了我一份礼物。
→I was given a present by my uncle on my birthday.
→A present was given to me by my uncle on my birthday.
3．“动词＋介词或副词”构成的动词短语变被动语态时，不可将介词或副词与动词拆开。
These books are taken good care of.
这些书被照料的很好。
His request was turned down.
他的请求遭到了拒绝。
4．带复合宾语(宾语＋宾补)的动词变被动语态时，一般把复合结构中的宾语变成主语，而把宾补放在动词之后。
We always keep the classroom clean and tidy.
我们总是保持教室干净而且整洁。
→The classroom is always kept clean and tidy by us.
【提示】 see，watch，hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r，notice，listen to，look at，make等感官动词或使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to，但当宾补变为主补时，必须加上不定式符号to。
We often hear him play the guitar.
我们经常听到他弹吉他。
→He is often heard to play the guitar by us.
5．主动形式表示被动意义的情况。
(1)write，sell，wash，cook等表示主语内在品质或性能的行为动词加副词可表示被动含义。
The cloth washes easily.这块布易洗涤。
The new product sells well.这种新产品很畅销。
The pen writes smoothly.这支钢笔写字很流畅。
(2)某些感官动词和系动词(如feel，look，seem，taste，sound等)加形容词可表示被动意义。
—Do you like the material 你喜欢这种布料吗？
—Yes，it feels very soft.是的，它摸起来很柔软。
by＋v.ing形式
by＋v.ing形式表示“通过……方式/手段”。
或方法可用来回答“how”的问题。
He made his living by begging.他以乞讨为生。
What do you mean by saying that
你那么说是什么意思？
Open the door by winding the handle.
转动手柄打开这扇门。
—How did you finish the job so soon
你用什么方法这么快完成工作的？
—By climbing on the roof.
我爬到屋顶上干的。
【提示】 by表示方式时，后面也可跟名词作宾语，但该名词前通常不用冠词。
Can you contact him by telephone
你能通过电话与他取得联系吗？
The house is heated by gas.这房子是用煤气供暖的。
You may pay by cheque.你可以用支票付款。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes，fortunately no one .
A．hurt B．was hurt
C．has hurt D．had been hurt
【解析】 考查时态和语态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：“你听说过市场上的那场大火了吗？”“是的，幸运的是没有人受伤。”由Have you heard...可知火灾已经发生，是过去的事情，所以没人受伤也是发生在过去的事情，故用一般过去时；句子的主语是人，所以应用被动语态。
【答案】 B
2．(2012·安徽高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))After school we went to the reading room to do some reading，only to be told that it .
A．was decorated B．had decorated
C．had been decorating D．was being decorated
【解析】 考查动词的时态和语态。句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。阅览室显然是“被装修”，应使用被动语态。可排除B和C项。根据语境可知，是“正在装修，尚未完成”，故选D。本题易错选A。这涉及一般过去时与过去进行时的区别，前者表示“已完成”，后者表示“正在进行或尚未完成”。根据句意，装修是“正在进行”“尚未完成”。
【答案】 D
3．—Has the meeting begun
—No.I hear it till tomorrow.
A．was put off B．will put off
C．has been put off D．is put off
【解析】 meeting与put of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f之间应为被动关系，故排除B项。答句句意：没有。我听说会议已被推迟到明天了。说明推迟会议这一动作发生在我听说之前，且持续到明天，故应用现在完成时的被动语态。
【答案】 C
4．Paul doesn't have to be made .He always works hard.
A．learn B．to learn
C．learned D．learning
【解析】 make在此意为“使，让”，用在被动语态中时，其后应加to，故选B。
【答案】 B
5．After the injured ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to the hospital，doctors and nurses immediately got down to their lives.
A．was rushed；save B．were rushed；saving
C．rushed；saving D．rushed；save
【解析】 句意：那些伤员被紧急送往医院 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后，医护人员立即行动起来挽救他们的生命。rush表示“因意外事件而紧急送某人/某物到某地”解时，是及物动词。get down to中的to是介词，所以用动词的 ing形式作宾语。
【答案】 B
6．Many people are thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king of outings during the holiday，so cross country cars well these few days.
A are selling B sell
C．are sold D．have been sold
【解析】 考查动词时态和语态。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：许多人正在考虑在假日期间去旅行，因此这几天越野车很畅销。表“畅销”用sell well，即主动表被动；而“这几天畅销”是指在特定时间段内正在发生的动作，用现在进行时。
【答案】 A
7．(2013·北京高考)—So what is the procedure
—All the applican ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts before a final decision is made by the authority.
A．interview B．are interviewing
C．are interviewed D．are being interviewed
【解析】 题干的意思是：“那 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )么程序是什么样？”“所有的应征者都被面试后官方才作出最后的决定。”interview与主语applicants之间为动宾关系，故排除A、B两项；并且此处表示的是具体的程序，要用一般现在时，故正确答案为C项。
【答案】 C
8．—How can I help you the most
— out of the way.
A．For you to stay B．To stay
C．By staying D．With your staying
【解析】 问句提问方式，只有by doing才可回答，所以正确答案为C项。
【答案】 C
9．It is reported that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )many a new house at present in the disaster area.
A．are being built B．were being built
C．was being built D．is being built
【解析】 句意：据报道，在受灾地区，目前许 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )多新房子正在建设中。由时间状语at present可知此处动词表示的动作正在进行；并且主语与build是被动关系；“many a＋名词单数”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，由此可知本题选D项。
【答案】 D
10．(2012·湖南高考)Don't wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rry.The hard work that you do now later in life.
A．will be repaid B．was being repaid
C．has been repaid D．was repaid
【解析】 句意：不必担心，你现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在所做的艰苦工作在以后的生活中会得到回报的。句中that you do now为定语从句，修饰the hard work。A项为一般将来时的被动语态；B项为过去进行时的被动语态；C项为现在完成时的被动语态；D项为一般过去时的被动语态。由later in life可知，动作应发生在将来。
【答案】 A
Ⅱ.用括号内所给动词的正确形式填空
1．I think computer (use)in everyday life by everybody before long.
2．The year (divide)into four seasons.
3．The concert (take place)next Friday.
4．English (speak)all over the world.
5．The meeting (hold)in the Room 302 tomorrow.
6．The broken glass (throw)away by me already.
7．This watch (repair)in two days.
8．The film (show)in this town now.
9．The bridge (build)two years ago.
10．It (know)that Thomas Edison invented the electric lamp.
【答案】 1.will be used 2.is divided 3.will take place
4．is spoken 5 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).will be held 6.has been thrown 7.will be repaired 8.is being shown 9.was built 10.is known
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
2．理解课文。
3．能够根据课文中所提出的问题，了解火箭的历史和发展。
4．能够用英语介绍人物生平。
●教学地位
Writing要求学生能运用本模块所学词汇和短语，写人物传记类文章。CULTURAL CORNER是一篇泛读课文，介绍火箭的历史和发展。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师展示一段有关火箭的视频或图片。通过下列问题导入新课。
1) How was the idea of rockets born
2) When were rockets invented
3) What are rockets used for today
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P39课文，判断正误
1．Today rockets are used in different ways.( )
2．The idea of the rocket was born in ancient China.( )
3．It is possible that the Mongols introduced rockets to Europe.( )
4．All people don't want to use rockets in battles.( )
5．Wan Hu was carried into space by the flying chair.( )
【答案】 1.T 2.T 3.T 4.T 5.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P39课文，选取最佳答案
1．When were rockets probably invented
A．About 2000 years ago.
B．In 1232.
C．Between the 13th and 15th centuries.
2．Who is thought to have introduced rockets to Europe
A．The Song army. B．The Mongols.
C．Wan Hu.
3．From this passage，we can conclude that .
A．it was Wan Hu that invented rockets
B．it was from China that rockets were introduced to Europe
C．rockets are mainly used for military purposes
【答案】 1－3 ABB
1．escape v．逃脱；逃避；漏出n.逃脱
The Chinese discov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ered that the gas escaping from the tube could lift it into the air.(教材P39)
中国人发现从竹筒里散失的气体能将竹筒发射到空中。
The prisoners attempted to escape but failed.
囚犯们企图逃跑，但是失败了。
①escape from (out of)＋sp.从……逃脱；逃走
escape (doing) sth.逃脱(做)某事
escape one's attention/notice逃过某人的注意/被某人忽视
②make one's /an escape逃跑
have a narrow escape九死一生
He escaped from (the) prison this morning.
他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。
His name escaped me.我想不起他的名字。
You are lucky to escape punishment/being punished.
你逃脱了惩罚，真幸运。
When the guard's back was turned，she made her escape.
看守人一转过身去，她就逃走了。
完成句子
①这只鸟避免了被杀死。
The bird .
②他设法从燃烧的车里逃了出来。
He managed to .
③我没有注意到这个事实。
The fact .
④他在这起事故中幸免于难。
He had a in this accident.
【答案】 ①escaped being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )killed ②escape from the burning car ③escaped my notice ④narrow escape
2．The tubes were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.(教材P39)箭管被绑在一根长棍上，这根长棍能使火箭沿直线移动。
句中的keep the rocke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t moving属于“keep＋宾语＋宾补”结构。其中the rocket是宾语，现在分词moving是宾补，宾语与宾补之间是主动关系。
Don't keep me waiting for too long.
别让我等太久。
We should keep our classroom clean and tidy.
我们应该保持教室的干净和整洁。(形容词)
You'd better keep the child away from the fire.
你最好让孩子远离炉火。(副词短语)
The bad weather keeps us inside the house.
坏天气使我们不能出门。(介词短语)
Some students in the class keep their eyes closed.
班上一些同学闭着眼睛。(过去分词)
①Police were sent out to keep the traffic
smoothly during the snowstorm.
A．being run B．run
C．to run D．running
【解析】 考查非谓语动词作宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语补足语。句意：在暴雪期间，警察被派出去维持交通平稳运行。the traffic与run之间为主动关系，故排除A项；keep sb./sth.doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“使某人/某物不断做某事”。综上所述，答案为D项。
【答案】 D
②Zhou Libo has a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) great sense of humour and always keeps his audiences with his stories.
A．amused B．amusing
C．to amuse D．to be amused
【解析】 句意：周立波很幽默，总是用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )故事让他的观众们高兴。考查非谓语动词作宾补。宾语his audiences与amuse(使……高兴)为逻辑上的被动关系，故排除B、C两项；keep后不能用不定式作宾补，故排除D项；A项表状态，故为答案。
【答案】 A
3．But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.(教材P39)
但是并不是所有的人都想在战争中使用火箭。
句中的not everybody意为“并不是所有的人……”，是部分否定结构。
Not every student can be hard working.
并不是每个学生都能刻苦学习。
英语否定句分为完全否定与部分否定两种情况：
当否定词not和both，all，e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very连用时，该句表示部分否定，即“不都”的意思。这时否定词not的位置可以放在这些词的前面，也可以否定谓语动词。要想表示完全否定“都不”，两者用neither，三者或三者以上用none。
I don't need both the dictionaries.
这两本词典我不都需要。
We both fell，but fortunately neither of us was hurt.
我们两个都摔倒了，但幸运的是都没有受伤．
None of the students could answer the question.
没有一个学生能够回答这一问题。
Both of the two brothers do not want to go to the party.
并不是弟兄两个都想去参加宴会。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s an either or situation－we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do .
A．others B．either
C．another D．both
【解析】 题干的意思是：“这是一个二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )选一的情况——我们要么今年买一辆新车要么去度假，但是我们不能二者兼得。”分析题意可知，这是在两者之间进行选择，所以排除A、C两项，either用在否定句中表示全部否定，而both用在否定句中表示部分否定，所以选D。
【答案】 D
翻译句子
①他们两个人都不喜欢音乐。
②他们两个人不都喜欢音乐。
【答案】 ①Neither of them likes music. ②Both of them don't like music.
4．clear vi.(烟雾)消散vt.清除；收拾
When the smoke cleared Wan Hu and his chair had disappeared.(教材P39)
当烟雾消散后，万户和他的椅子已无影无踪了。
The plane can't take off until the fog clears.
直到大雾散去，飞机才能起飞。
clear the table收拾桌子
clear one's throat清清嗓子
clear away把……收拾走，清除掉
clear up整理，收拾，消除(误会、疑虑等)；(天)放晴
If the weather clears up，we can go out for a walk.
如果天气放晴，我们可以出去散步。
Our job is to clear away the rubbish.
我们的工作是清除这些垃圾。
完成句子
①云渐渐散去，太阳出来了。
The cloud slowly and the sun came out.
②晚饭后，弟弟经常帮母亲收拾碟子。
After supper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，my younger brother often helps mother the dishes.
③你在回家前，最好打扫好教室。
You must the classroom before you go home.
【答案】 ①cleared ②clear away ③clear up
5．Or was he c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arried miles into space，becoming the world's first astronaut？(教材P39)
他是否会运载数英里进入太空变成世界上第一位宇航员呢？
句中becoming the world's first astronaut是现在分词短语作结果状语。表示一种顺其自然、合乎情理的结果。
He beat all the other players，winning the first prize.
他击败了其他所有的选手，获得了一等奖。
The fire lasted nearly a week，leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了一周，没剩下任何值钱的东西。
动词不定式也可作结果状语，但往往表示意想不到的结果，特别是与only连用时。
He lifted a rock only to drop it on his own feet.
他搬起了石头却砸了自己的脚。
【对接高考】
(2012·天津高考)He got up late and hurried to his office，
the breakfast untouched.
A．left B．to leave
C．leaving D．having left
【解析】 考查非谓语动词。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他起床晚了，匆忙赶往办公室，没有吃早饭。主语He与leave之间为主谓关系，故用现在分词作结果状语。leave这一动作并未发生在谓语动作之前，排除D项。部分考生选择having left，误认为leave这一动作发生在got up和hurried之前。
【答案】 C
用所给动词的适当形式填空
①The wind blew away the good soil， (leave)only sand.
②She arrived home only (find)that the door was locked.
③It rained heavil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y in the south， (cause)serious flooding in several provinces.
【答案】 ①leaving ②to find ③causing
如何写人物传记
传记(biography)是记载人物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生平事迹的一种文体，传记的种类分为传(小传)、自传等。传或小传是记叙他人生平的文章。自传是自述生平的文章，作者把自己一生中经历的事件，系统而又重点地介绍出来。
人物传记也是记叙文体的一种，但人物传记主要写名人或伟人的生平、事迹，因此，写人物传记时要抓住其出生年月、主要事迹以及人们的评论等。
此类文章以人物为中心组织材料，围绕这个人物写一件或几件事，一般按时间顺序来写。
文章一般分为三部分。
第一部分：描写的人物是谁，对这个人物进行总体介绍。
第二部分：以时间顺序介绍这个人物的生平经历、思想见解和贡献等。
第三部分：写人们对他或她的评价以及对后人的影响等。
因描写的事情都是过去发生的事，所以通常用过去时。介绍他人的经历和事迹应用第三人称。
[常用句式]
1．be born in...and died in...
2．be known as...；be famous for...；became well known to...
3．What impressed sb.most was that...
4．...set a good example to us/me.
5．...encourage us/me.to do sth.
6．...have a deep effect on...；be deeply affected by...
7．...be respected by...
8．...devoted one's whole life to...and won...
9．...will always be remembered and regarded as a great...
请根据下面的内容要点，写一篇120～150词的短文，介绍中国杂交水稻之父——著名科学家袁隆平。
1．袁隆平1930年9月出生于北京。小时候，他就梦想成为一名科学家。1953年大学毕业后，他一直从事农业科学研究。
2．袁隆平以“杂交水稻之父”而著称 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。上个世纪70年代的时候，他发现粮食产量很难提高，于是决定从事杂交水稻的研究工作。毫无疑问他对世界的粮食生产做出了巨大的贡献．因此，他获得了许多的荣誉和奖励。2004年获得“世界粮食奖”。
3．袁隆平工作努力，学识渊博，想象丰富，具有创新精神。另一方面，他也善于放松自己。业余时间，他喜欢打牌，游泳。
参考词汇：diligent 用功的，勤勉的；learned有学问的；creative有创造力的，有创新精神的．
[思路点拨]
1．本文为人物传记，要求根据要点，全面真实地记载生平事迹。写人物传记要注意三点：
①叙事务求真实，表达时不可带有主观性；
②要按照时间顺序记事；
③人称为第三人称，时态为一般过去时和一般现在时。
2．文章可根据所给要点分三部分展开叙述：第一段简述袁隆平的经历；第二段描述袁隆平做出的贡献；第三段讲述他的业余生活．
[词汇热身]
1．梦想
2．大学毕业
3．作为……而出名
4．对……做出巨大贡献
5．成就
6．在某人的业余时间
【答案】 1.dream of 2.g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )raduate from college 3.be known as... 4.make great contributions to 5.achievement 6.in one's spare time
[句式温习]
1．小时候，他就梦想成为一名科学家。
，he dreamed of becoming a scientist.
2．1953年大学毕业后，他一直从事农业科学研究。
in 19 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )53，he the scientific research into agriculture.
3．上个世纪70年代，他发现粮食产量很难提高。
In the 1970's，he the rice yield.
4．毫无疑问他对世界粮食生产做出了巨大贡献。
he has made great contributions to the world food production.
【答案】 1.As a child/Wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en he was a child 2.Since he graduated from college；has been undertaking/doing
3．found it difficult to raise 4.There is no doubt that
[连句成篇]
【参考范文】
Yuan Longping，w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as born in September,1930 in Beijing.As a child，he dreamed of becoming a scientist.Since he graduated from college in 1953，he has been undertaking the scientific research into agriculture.
Yuan Longping is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )known as “Father of Hybrid Rice”．In the 1970's，he found it difficult to raise the rice yield.So he decided to work on the hybrid rice.
There is no doubt th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at he has made great contributions to the world food production.Because of his great achievements，he won many honors and prizes.In 2004，he won the “World Food Prize”．
Yuan Longping is diligent，learned，creative and full of imagination.On the other hand，he is good at relaxing himself.In his spare time，he likes playing cards and swimming.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． n．人物
2． vt.出版
3． n．突破
4． vt.支持
5． vt.取代；以……代替
6． adj. 聪颖的；才华横溢的
7． adj. 简短的；简洁的
8． adv.部分地；在一定程度上
9． adj.身体的
10． vi.逃跑；逃避
11． adj. 直的
12． vi.(烟雾)消散
【答案】 1.figure 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )publish 3.breakthrough 4.support 5.replace 6.brilliant 7.brief 8.partly 9.physical
10．escape 11.straight 12.clear
B．词汇拓展
13． vt.教育→ n．教育
14． n．产量→ v．生产
→ n．生产者
15． vt.出口→ vt.进口
16． n．农业→ adj. 农业的
17． n．数量→ n．质量
18． vi.毕业；n.毕业生→ n．毕业
19． adj. 个人的；私人的→ adv.就自己而言
20． vi.爆炸→ n．爆炸，爆炸声
【答案】 13.educate；edu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cation 14.production；produce；producer 15.export；import 16.agriculture；agricultural
17．quantity；quality ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )18.graduate；graduation 19.personal；personally 20.explode；explosion
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1． 培养；养育
2． 由于……的结果
3． 因……而出名/闻名
4． earn one's living
5． come to power
6． bring in
【答案】 1.bring up 2.as a result of 3.be known for 4.谋生 5.掌权 6.引入；使赚到；吸引
B．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
7．Yuan Longping was born and in China.
8．Our water supply has diminished the drought.
9．To solve this problem，experts in this field must be .
10．She by singing in a club.
11．Our company gained profits after he .
【答案】 7.brought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up 8.as a result of 9.brought in 10.earned her living 11.came to power
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．He thought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the key to feeding people was to have more rice and to produce it more quickly.
【句式仿写】 资金是解决这个问题的关键。
2．The tubes were at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tached to a long stick which helped keep the rocket moving in a straight direction.
【句式仿写】千万不要让水一直流着。
3．But not everybody wanted to use rockets in battles.
【句式仿写】 并不是每个人都适合干这项工作。
4．Or was he carr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied miles into space, becoming the world's first astronaut
【句式仿写】 音乐会因故取消了，令孩子们很失望。
【答案】 1.Money is the key to solving the problem.
2．Never keep the water flowing all the time.
3．Not everyone is fit to do this job.
4．The concert ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was cancelled for some reason，making the children disappointed.
阅读理解之细节理解题(四)
数据推算题
数据推算题是近几年高考中常考的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，此类试题在文章中可以直接找到相关的细节，但要经过具体的计算才能够得出答案。文章中出现的许多数字信息，有时通过单词来表现出来，如decade，century，fortnight，double，score等，它们对解题会起到一定的作用。解答此类试题的方法是先理解文章的大意，然后经过对比、分析、计算得出答案。
【实例透析】
(2012·福建高考·C)
Finally，a cell phone
That's...a phone
With rates as low as $3.75 per week!
[1]．..
[2]Affordable ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plans that I can understand—and no contract to sign(签订)！Unlike other cell phones，Jitterbug has plans that make sense.Why should I pay for minutes I'm never going to use？
And if I do talk mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re than I plan，I won't find myself with no minutes like my friend who has a prepaid phone.Best of all，there is no contract to sign—so I'm not locked in for years at a time.The US based customer service is second to none.And the phone gets service anywhere in the country.
Monthly Minutes 50 100
Monthly Rate $ 14.99 $19.99
911 Access FREE FREE
Long Distance Calls No additional charge No additional charge
Friendly Return Policy 30 days 30 days
[3]Call now and receive a FREE gift when you order...
[4]Call 1 888 809 8794 or visit www..
64．On the monthly bas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is of 100 minutes，the Jitterbug weekly rate is about .
A．$3.75 B．$4.99
C．$14.99 D．$19.99
【解析】 B。数字计算题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。根据题干中的“the monthly basis of 100 minutes”可以在表格里找到“每月100分钟的包月套餐”对应的是Monthly Rate→100→$19.99，即每月的费用是$19.99，那么Jitterbug每周的费用约为$4.99。故选B。
【技巧点拨】
做这类题目时应做到以下三步：第一步要审题，看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )清题目问的是什么，不要想当然回答；第二步要比对与原文的数字和单位的异同；第三步不要忽视文中的每一个数字。
(2012·浙江高考·B)
Below is a selection about some Guinness(吉尼斯)World Records.
Top 6 Unusual Guinness World Records
◆Fastest 100 m running on all fours
...
◆Most people inside a soap bubble
...
◆Longest ears on a dog
...
◆Most living generations
...
◆Most T shirts worn at once
Believe it or n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot，there is a record also for this category，Krunoslav Budiseli set a new world record on May 22,2010 for wearing 245 T shirts at the same time.
The man from Croatia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was officially recognized as the new record holder by Guinness World Records after he managed to put on 245 different T shirts in less than two hours.
The T shirts wei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ghed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T shirt No.120.He dethroned the Swedish Guinness record holder who were 238 T shirts.
◆Heaviest pumpkin
...
48．How many T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shirts had Krunoslav Budiseli put on before he felt it difficult to go on
A．68. B．120.
C．238. D．245.
【解析】 数字理解题。根据第五项纪录 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的“The T shirts weighed 68 kg and Budiseli said he began struggling around T shirt No.120.”可知，Budiseli在穿了120件T恤后感觉有点吃力了。故选B。
【答案】 B