中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023中考英语考前最后读记练03状语从句
考前技巧+考前预测
一、状语从句概述
定义 状语从句用作状语,是起副词作用的句子。
位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。
二、状语从句的分类
1. 时间状语从句
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句,具体用法如下表。
从句引导词 用法 例句
when/while/as (当……时) when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,又可以是瞬时动词。when有时表示“就在那时”。 1 1. When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬时动词) 当她进来的时候,我停下吃东西。 2 2. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延续性动词) 当我住在乡下的时候,我经常带些水给他。
while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。while有时还可以表示对比。 1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同时发生) 当我妻子在读报纸的时候,我在看电视。 2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.(对比) 我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。
as表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。 1. We always sing as we walk. (一边……一边) 我们总是边唱边走。 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. (as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生) 我们刚一出门就开始下雪了。
before (在……之前) before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“就/才……” 1 1. Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡前确定所有的灯都关上。 2 2. You can’t watch TV before you finish your homework. 写完作业才能看电视。
since (自从) 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。 1. It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见。 2. Mr. Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. 自从三年前来到中国,Mr. Green就在那所学校教书。
since可以引导原因状语从句;一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。 1 Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你有时间,最好能帮我补补数学。
till/until (直到) 主句为肯定式,主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词,且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到 until / till 从句所表示的时间为止。 1. He waited until/till I returned. 他会等到我回来。 2. He kept learning Math till his mother came back. 直到他妈妈回来,他一直在学数学。
主句为否定式(包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词的肯定句)一般先译从句“直到……”,后译主句,not译成“才”,即“直到……才……” 1. He didn’t leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡着,他才离开。 2. She didn’t sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回来才睡下。
2. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的从属连词如下表。
引导词 构成 备注 例句
so…that (如此……以至于) 1. so+adj./adv.+that 2. so+adj.(a/an)+n. +that so与表示数量的代词many,few,much,little等连用 1. It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming. 天如此热以至于我们想去游泳。 2. The poor family has so little money that they can’t afford the expensive car. 这个家庭有如此少的钱,以至于买不起这昂贵的车。
such…that (如此…… 以至于) such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that such与a lot of 组成固定搭配,此时a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配如:such a lot of people 1. He is such a marvelous joker that you can’t help laughing. 他是如此出色的一个段子手,以至你会不禁大笑。 2. There are such a lot of people on the beach that we have no place to enjoy our holiday. 海滨有如此多的人,以至我们没地度假。
3.目的状语从句
从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。
1). so that 以便……(达到某种目的)如:
You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.
你要大点声说,这样大家就都能听到你了。
2). in order that 为了……,如:
She got up early in order that she could get to school on time.
=She got up early in order to get to school on time.
为了能够准时到校,她很早起床。
4. 条件状语从句
由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。
引导词 用法 例句
if (如果) 1. 由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。(真实条件句)构成: 1) 主句:主语+ 一般将来时 从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时 2) 主句:祈使句 从句:主语+ 一般现在时 3) 主句:主语+情态动词 从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时 1. If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你让他帮忙,他会帮的。 2. Study hard, if you want to pass the exam. 如果想通过考试,要努力学习。 3. I can go with you if you want. 如果你想,我可以跟你走。
2. if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设;(非真实条件句)表示与现在事实相反的情况,构成: 从句:if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were) 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do 1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你,我就会邀请他去派对。 2. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果那会我有钱,我就会借给你。
unless (除非) 表示强烈的否定;意思上=if not 翻译为:除非,若不,除非在……的时候; 1. You will fail unless you work harder. 你如果不努力,就会失败。 2. Don’t come unless I call you. 除非我叫你,否则不要来。
as long as (只要……就) as long as也表示一种条件,但不是很强烈,是一种假设的条件。 I will be ready to help you as long as you need me. 只要你需要,我随时可以帮忙。
注意:
1). unless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式,因为unless本身表示否定;unless=if not,如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.
如果你不是很累,我们出去散个步吧。
2). 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.如:
If you will(愿意) wait a minute, I’ll go and tell my mother that you are here.
如果你愿意等一分钟,我将去告诉我妈妈你在这里。
3). 下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词,而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”,如:
If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.
如果你愿意读书,我就会借给你。
Will you marry me 你愿意嫁给我吗?
5. 让步状语从句
1). 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。
2). 引导让步状语从句的连词有:although, though, as, if, even if, even though, while, whether (...) or not, whatever, no matter what/how/why,如:
Though they are twin brothers, they don’t look like each other.
尽管他们是双胞胎,但看起来一点都不像。
6. 地点状语从句
引导词 用法 示例
where (在……地方) “where引导的地点状语从句,(there+)主句” “哪里……哪里就……”。主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你应该把书放回原处。
wherever (无论在哪) anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词,但是常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相当于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。 Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman. 无论海在何处,你都能找到海员。 I’ll go anywhere you go. 我会跟你去任何地方。
7. 原因状语从句
引导词 用法 示例
as (既然) 引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。 As the weather is cold, I stay at home. 既然天很冷,我还是待在家里吧。 As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然碗面下着雨,你最好打个车。
since (因为) 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。 Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然人都到齐了,我们就开始开会吧。
because (因为) 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,表述直接原因,语气较强,最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because of短语互换。 The woman prefers winter because she can skate. 这个女人更喜欢冬天,因为那时她可以滑冰。
for (因为) 引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后,并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定是生病了,因为今天他没来。
【重难点提示】
状语从句在三大从句中较为简单,不涉及语序变换,先行词判断等复杂过程,我们只需要根据实际语境进行判断句子中缺什么东西,对应性地选出相应的关系词。然而有些关系词的意思比较多变,区分这些词在不同语境中的意思是这一部分的唯一难点。
1. 状语从句的区分和转换
so…that…与…enough to…的转换 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可用“enough to do sth.”来转换 The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. → The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.
当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换,但注意不定式的宾语要省略。 The question is so easy that I can work it out. → The question is easy enough for me to work out.
so...that...与 too...to... 的转换 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是否定句时,可以用“too...to...”来替换。 The girl is so young that she can't dress herself. → The girl is too young to dress herself.
当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定时,如果要用“too...to...替换“so...that...”,则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。 The bag is so heavy that she can't move it. → The bag is too heavy for her to move. It is so hot that we can't sleep. → It is too hot for us to sleep.
so...that...与 such…that 的转换 so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。 It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. → It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it.
从用法上看,so后应接形容词或副词,而such后接名词(参见以上例句)。但有时“so+形容词”后还可接一个名词,且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)。试比较:
正:He is so clever a child that we all like him.
这小孩很聪明,我们都喜欢他。
正:They are such clever children that we all like them.
误:They are so clever children that we all like them.
2. if在宾语从句和状语从句中不同的含义。
在宾语从句中我们说过if在宾语和状语从句中意义不同,宾语从句中意为“是否”,而条件状语从句中作“如果”理解,如:
I don’t know if they will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他们会不会来。
If we I get any information about him, I will tell you.
如果我得到他的任何信息,我都会告诉你。
【考前预测】状语从句
1.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)Our classroom won’t be clean ________ we clean it every day.
A.After B.while C.unless D.because
1.C
【解析】
句意:如果我们不每天打扫,我们的教室就不会干净。
考查连词辨析。after在……之后;while当……时候;unless除非,如果不;because因为。前半句表示“教室不会干净”,而后半句表示“我们每天打扫”。空白处应用unless,意为“除非”,引导条件状语从句。故选C。
2.(2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)The little boy won’t go to sleep unless his mom _________ him a story.
A.tells B.told C.is telling D.will tell
2.A
【解析】
句意:小男孩不会去睡觉,除非他妈妈给他讲故事。
考查条件状语从句的主将从现。分析句子结构,unless引导条件状语从句,主句中的“won’t”说明主句用一般将来时,根据“主将从现”原则,从句应用一般现在时来表示将来的动作。从句主语his mother为第三人称单数,因此动词tell也应用动词的第三人称单数形式tells。故选A。
3.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)My pen friend knows a lot about China ________ she has never been here.
A.although B.if C.because D.until
3.A
【解析】
句意:我的笔友对中国很了解,尽管她从未来过这里。
考查连词辨析。although虽然、尽管;if如果;because因为;until直到。根据句意可知,空前空后是让步关系,应用although引导让步状语从句。故选A。
4.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Happiness is about having each tiny wish come true.
—________ we work hard, we’ll make our life full of happiness.
A.If B.Unless C.Though
4.A
【解析】
句意:——幸福是每一个微小愿望的实现。 ——如果我们努力工作,我们将使我们的生活充满幸福。
考查连词辨析。if如果;unless除非;though尽管。“we work hard”与“we’ll make our life full of happiness”是条件关系,如果努力工作,生活就会充满幸福,故选A。
5.(2022·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Daddy, can I go out to play soccer with my friends now
—Well, you can’t go ________ you finish your homework first.
A.if B.since C.unless
5.C
【解析】
句意:——爸爸,我现在可以和朋友们出去踢足球吗 ——嗯,你不能去,除非你先完成作业。
考查从属连词辨析。if如果;since自从;unless除非。根据“you can’t go”和“you finish your homework first”可知要去踢足球的前提是先完成作业,因此应用unless“除非”来连接,此处unless引导条件状语从句。故选C。
6.(2022·广西·中考真题)Mr. Zhao has given much money to Project Hope ________ he is not so rich.
A.if B.though C.because D.unless
6.B
【解析】
句意:赵先生给希望工程捐了很多钱,虽然他不是很富有。
考查从属连词辨析。if如果;though虽然;because因为;unless除非。前后句之间表达的是一种相反的让步关系,因此用though引导让步状语从句。故选B。
7.(2022·广西·中考真题)I don’t know if it _________ tomorrow, but if it _________, I’ll stay at home.
A.will rain; rains B.will rain; will rain C.rains; will rain D.rains; rains
7.A
【解析】
句意:我不知道明天会不会下雨,但如果下雨,我会待在家里。
考查if条件句和宾语从句。前半个句子中包含一个由if引导的宾语从句,根据时间标志词“tomorrow”可知,要用一般将来时,所以可以先排除选项CD;后半句子包含由if引导的条件状语从句,此时根据“主将从现”的原则,从句要用一般现在时,主语是第三人称单数,动词需要加s。故选A。
8.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with us ________ he hates going shopping.
A.because B.so C.though D.if
8.C
【解析】
句意:爸爸有时会和我们一起去超市,虽然他讨厌购物。
考查连词辨析。because因为;so因此;though尽管;if如果。根据“Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with us...he hates going shopping.”可知,尽管讨厌购物,还是和我们去超市,用though“尽管”,引导让步状语从句。故选C。
9.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)Teenagers should do some housework ________ they finish their homework.
A.until B.but C.after D.unless
9.C
【解析】
句意:青少年应该在完成家庭作业之后做一些家务活。
考查连词。until直到;but但是;after在……之后;unless除非。根据“do some housework”及“they finish their homework”可知表达做完家庭作业之后做家务活,用连词“after”引导时间状语从句。故选C。
10.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)—I don’t know when Susan ________.
—Don’t worry. When she ________, I will tell you.
A.comes; will come B.will come; comes C.come; comes
10.B
【解析】
句意:——我不知道苏珊什么时候来。——不用担心。她来的时候,我会告诉你的。
考查复合从句。空一是宾语从句,表示“不知道Susan什么时候来”,用一般将来时;空二是when引导的时间状语从句,遵循“主将从现”原则,空处需用一般现在时。故选B。
11.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to live, ________ villages and farms are growing bigger and taking away their land.
A.because B.until C.although D.before
11.A
【解析】
句意:很多野生动物没有安全的地方住,因为村子和农场正在逐渐扩大,夺走了它们栖息之地。
考查连词。because因为;until直到;although尽管;before在……之前。根据“don’t have a safe place to live”及“villages and farms are growing bigger and taking away their land”可知,后面的句子表达原因,用连词“because”。故选A。
12.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)—The big stone is ________ heavy ________ I can’t carry it alone.
—Don’t worry. I will help you.
A.such; that B.so; that C.too; to
12.B
【解析】
句意:——这块大石头太重了,我一个人搬不动。——别担心。我会帮助你的。
考查结果状语从句的连词。such...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,中心词是名词;so...that...“如此……以至于……”,引导结果状语从句,中心词是形容词或副词; too...to...“太……而不能”,后接短语;根据“I can’t carry it alone”可知,此处应用连词连接,排除C选项;句子中心词强调的是“heavy”,是形容词,应用so...that...,故选B。
13.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)It’s necessary to learn English well, ________ it’s a little difficult.
A.unless B.although C.as
13.B
【解析】
句意:学好英语是必要的,虽然有点难。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;although尽管;as因为。前后句暗含转折含义,应用although引导让步状语从句。故选B。
14.(2022·贵州毕节·中考真题)________ the weather improves, we’ll have to cancel the outdoor picnic.
A.Unless B.If C.Because D.When
14.A
【解析】
句意:除非天气好转,否则我们将不得不取消户外野餐。
考查连词辨析。unless除非;if如果;because因为;when当……时。根据“the weather improves, we’ll have to cancel the outdoor picnic.”可知,除非天气好转,否则要取消野餐活动,用unless引导条件状语从句,故选A。
15.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)The Battle of Changjin Lake is ________ wonderful movie ________ I want to see it again.
A.such a: that B.so; that C.such an; that
15.A
【解析】
句意:《长津湖》是一部如此精彩的电影,我想再看一遍。
考查such...that...结构。此处是结果状语从句,so强调形容词、副词,such强调名词,此处强调的是“movie”,“wonderful”首字母发辅音音素。故选A。
16.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)Learning to write is learning to think. ________ , you won’t know things clearly.
A.if you write them down
B.unless you write them down
C.if you won’t write them down
16.B
【解析】
句意:学习写作就是学习思考。除非你把它们写下来,否则你不会清楚地知道事情。
考查状语从句。结合“you won’t know things clearly.”可知,此处指的是“除非写下来,否则……”,应用unless引导条件状语从句,故选B。
17.(2022·广西贺州·中考真题)I won’t go to the movies this afternoon ________ I’m free.
A.or B.unless C.because D.than
17.B
【解析】
句意:除非我有空,否则今天下午我不会去看电影的。
考查连词辨析。or否则,或者;unless除非;because因为;than比。根据“I won’t go to the movies this afternoon...I’m free.”可知,后句是前句的否定条件,除非有空否则不会去看电影。故选B。
18.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)You will not get the special gift ________ you finish all the tasks.
A.after B.because C.while D.unless
18.D
【解析】
句意:除非你完成所有的任务,否则你不会得到特别的礼物。
考查连词辨析。after在……之后;because因为;while当……时。unless除非。根据“You will not get the special gift … you finish all the tasks.”可知,本句是unless引导的条件状语从句,表示“除非”。故选D。
19.(2022·福建·中考真题)We are making a big cake ________ it’s Dad’s birthday today.
A.because B.until C.once
19.A
【解析】
句意:我们正制作一个巨大的风筝,因为今天是爸爸的生日。
考查连词。because因为;until直到;once一旦。根据“We are making a big cake”及“it’s Dad’s birthday today”,可知前后是因果关系,后面句子解释原因,用连词“because”连接。故选A。
20.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)—It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own ________ both of us work together.
—No problem. Let’s start!
A.if B.but C.because D.unless
20.D
【解析】
句意:——除非我们两个一起努力,否则我一个人不可能在这么短的时间内完成这项艰巨的任务。——没问题。让我们开始吧!
考查连词辨析。if如果;but但是;because因为;unless除非。根据“It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own...both of us work together.”可知,前后句是条件关系,除非两个人一起努力,否则不能完成任务。故选D。
21.(2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题)—Time to go home, Peter.
—Wait a minute. I can’t go home ________ I finish cleaning the hallway.
A.since B.after C.until
21.C
【解析】
句意:——Peter,该回家了。——等一会。我要打扫完走廊才能回家。
考查连词辨析。since自从;after在……以后;until直到。根据“I can’t go home … I finish cleaning the hallway.”可知,此处用not…until表示“直到……才……”,故选C。
22.(2022·湖北十堰·中考真题)To avoid the virus (病毒), we should wash hands more carefully ________ we have meals.
A.so B.before C.because D.although
22.B
【解析】
句意:为了避免病毒,我们应该在吃饭前更仔细地洗手。
考查连词辨析。so因此;before在……之前;because因为;although虽然。根据“we should wash hands more carefully...we have meals”可知,饭前要洗手,故选B。
23.(2022·河北·中考真题)________ you can use your dictionary, you will learn English better.
A.If B.Unless C.Though D.Before
23.A
【解析】
句意:如果你能使用字典,你会学英语学得更好。
考查从属连词辨析。If如果;Unless除非;Though虽然;Before在……之前。根据“…you can use your dictionary, you will learn English better.”可知,此处空后为条件,且为肯定条件,使用if引导条件状语从句,故选A。
24.(2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Yesterday, Lin Tao’s speech on how to be a good volunteer was ________ wonderful that we couldn’t stop cheering for him.
A.so B.very C.too D.quite
24.A
【解析】句意:昨天,林涛关于如何做好志愿者的演讲精彩到让我们忍不住为他欢呼。
考查副词辨析。so如此,修饰形容词或副词;very非常;too太;quite相当。根据“wonderful that we couldn’t stop cheering for him”可知此处是“so+adj./adv. that...”引导的结果状语从句,表示“如此……以致于”。故选A。
25.(2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题)I will return it to the library _______ I finish reading Little Women.
A.no longer B.as soon as C.so that
25.B
【解析】句意:我一看完《小妇人》,我就把它还到图书馆。
考查状语从句。no longer不再;as soon as一……就……;so that以便。根据“I will return”及“I finish reading”可知是时间状语从句,句子表达“一看完就归还”,用“as soon as”引导从句。故选B。
26.(2022·天津·中考真题)Before you get off the bus, you should wait ________ it has stopped.
A.until B.but C.because D.so
26.A
【解析】句意:你应该等到车停了再下车。
考查连词辨析。until直到;but但是;because因为;so因此,所以。根据“Before you get off the bus, you should wait...it has stopped.”可知,应该等到车停了再下车,用until引导时间状语从句,故选A。
27.(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)________ astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless
27.C
【解析】句意:当宇航员进行太空行走时,他们会穿着宇航服来保护自己的安全。
考查连词辨析。Though虽然;Till直到;When当……时候;Unless除非。根据“astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe”可知当宇航员太空行走时,他们会穿宇航服,用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。
28.(2022·湖南怀化·中考真题)I want to buy something special for my grandmother, _______ her birthday is coming.
A.because B.although C.so
28.A
【解析】句意:我想给我奶奶买点特别的东西,因为她的生日快到了。
考查连词。because因为;although虽然;so因此;空格前后句之间是因果关系,属于“前果后因”结构,应用because引导原因状语从句,故选A。
29.(2022·云南昆明·中考真题)________ Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice, has passed away, he is forever in my mind.
A.If B.Unless C.Before D.Although
29.D
【解析】句意:杂交水稻之父袁隆平虽然去世了,但他永远在我的脑海里。
考查连词辨析。If如果;Unless除非;Before在……之前;Although虽然。根据“Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice, has passed away, he is forever in my mind”可知前后两句是让步关系,用although引导让步状语从句。故选D。
30.(2022·云南·中考真题)For your safety, you mustn’t get close to the train ________ it stops.
A.while B.when C.since D.until
30.D
【解析】句意:为了您的安全,在火车停下来之前,您千万不要靠近它。
考查连词辨析。while当……时;when当……时;since自从;until直到。根据“you mustn’t get close to the train … it stops”可知,此处用not…until表示“直到……才”,故选D。
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2023中考英语考前最后读记练03状语从句
考前技巧+考前预测
一、状语从句概述
定义 状语从句用作状语,是起副词作用的句子。
位置 状语从句可以放在主句之前,也可以放在主句之后,时间、条件、原因和让步状语从句放在句首时需要用逗号和主句隔开。
分类 根据其作用可以分为时间、地点、原因、条件、目的、让步、方式和比较等状语从句。
作用 它可以修饰谓语、非谓语动词、定语、状语和整个句子。
二、状语从句的分类
1. 时间状语从句
用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句,具体用法如下表。
从句引导词 用法 例句
when/while/as (当……时) when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性动词,又可以是瞬时动词。when有时表示“就在那时”。 1 1. When she came in, I stopped eating.(瞬时动词) 当她进来的时候,我停下吃东西。 2 2. When I lived in the countryside, I used to carry some water for him.(延续性动词) 当我住在乡下的时候,我经常带些水给他。
while引导的从句的谓语动作必须是延续性的,并强调主句和从句的动作同时发生(或者相对应)。while有时还可以表示对比。 1 1. While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV. (同时发生) 当我妻子在读报纸的时候,我在看电视。 2 2. I like playing football while you like playing basketball.(对比) 我喜欢踢足球,而你喜欢打篮球。
as表示“一边……一边”,as引导的动作是延续性的动作,一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生;as也可以强调“一先一后”。 1. We always sing as we walk. (一边……一边) 我们总是边唱边走。 2. As we were going out, it began to snow. (as强调句中两个动作紧接着先后发生) 我们刚一出门就开始下雪了。
before (在……之前) before的本意为“在……之前”,根据具体语境还可理解为“就/才……” 1 1. Make sure that all the lights are off before you go to bed. 睡前确定所有的灯都关上。 2 2. You can’t watch TV before you finish your homework. 写完作业才能看电视。
since (自从) 表示自过去的一个起点时间到目前(说话时间)为止的一段持续时间。主句一般用现在完成时,从句用一般过去时。 1. It’s a long time since I met you last. 好久不见。 2. Mr. Green has taught in that school since he came to China three years ago. 自从三年前来到中国,Mr. Green就在那所学校教书。
since可以引导原因状语从句;一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。 1 Since you are free today, you had better help me with my mathematics. 既然今天你有时间,最好能帮我补补数学。
till/until (直到) 主句为肯定式,主句谓语动词必须为持续性动词,且该动词所表示的动作或状态一直延续到 until / till 从句所表示的时间为止。 1. He waited until/till I returned. 他会等到我回来。 2. He kept learning Math till his mother came back. 直到他妈妈回来,他一直在学数学。
主句为否定式(包括含no, nobody, nothing, never, hardly, little 等否定词的肯定句)一般先译从句“直到……”,后译主句,not译成“才”,即“直到……才……” 1. He didn’t leave until/till he was asleep. 直到他睡着,他才离开。 2. She didn’t sleep until/till I returned. 她直到我回来才睡下。
2. 结果状语从句
结果状语从句的从句部分是补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的结果的,通常位于主句之后。引导结果状语从句的从属连词如下表。
引导词 构成 备注 例句
so…that (如此……以至于) 1. so+adj./adv.+that 2. so+adj.(a/an)+n. +that so与表示数量的代词many,few,much,little等连用 1. It was so hot that we wanted to go swimming. 天如此热以至于我们想去游泳。 2. The poor family has so little money that they can’t afford the expensive car. 这个家庭有如此少的钱,以至于买不起这昂贵的车。
such…that (如此…… 以至于) such(+a/an)(+adj.)+n.+that such与a lot of 组成固定搭配,此时a lot of 为名词性的,只能用such搭配如:such a lot of people 1. He is such a marvelous joker that you can’t help laughing. 他是如此出色的一个段子手,以至你会不禁大笑。 2. There are such a lot of people on the beach that we have no place to enjoy our holiday. 海滨有如此多的人,以至我们没地度假。
3.目的状语从句
从句部分是用以补充说明主句中谓语动词发生的目的。
1). so that 以便……(达到某种目的)如:
You must speak louder so that you can be heard by all.
你要大点声说,这样大家就都能听到你了。
2). in order that 为了……,如:
She got up early in order that she could get to school on time.
=She got up early in order to get to school on time.
为了能够准时到校,她很早起床。
4. 条件状语从句
由连接词if或unless引导的状语从句叫做条件状语从句。
引导词 用法 例句
if (如果) 1. 由if引导的条件状语从句表示在某种条件下某事很可能发生。(真实条件句)构成: 1) 主句:主语+ 一般将来时 从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时 2) 主句:祈使句 从句:主语+ 一般现在时 3) 主句:主语+情态动词 从句:if+主语+ 一般现在时 1. If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你让他帮忙,他会帮的。 2. Study hard, if you want to pass the exam. 如果想通过考试,要努力学习。 3. I can go with you if you want. 如果你想,我可以跟你走。
2. if从句还表示不可实现的条件或根本不可能存在的条件,也就是一种虚拟的条件或假设;(非真实条件句)表示与现在事实相反的情况,构成: 从句:if+主语+过去时(be动词均用were) 主句:主语+should/would/could/might+do 1. If I were you, I would invite him to the party. 如果我是你,我就会邀请他去派对。 2. If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果那会我有钱,我就会借给你。
unless (除非) 表示强烈的否定;意思上=if not 翻译为:除非,若不,除非在……的时候; 1. You will fail unless you work harder. 你如果不努力,就会失败。 2. Don’t come unless I call you. 除非我叫你,否则不要来。
as long as (只要……就) as long as也表示一种条件,但不是很强烈,是一种假设的条件。 I will be ready to help you as long as you need me. 只要你需要,我随时可以帮忙。
注意:
1). unless 从句里的谓语只能是肯定式,因为unless本身表示否定;unless=if not,如:
Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. =If you are not too tired, let's go out for a walk.
如果你不是很累,我们出去散个步吧。
2). 在真实条件句中,主句不能用be going to表示将来,该用shall, will.如:
If you will(愿意) wait a minute, I’ll go and tell my mother that you are here.
如果你愿意等一分钟,我将去告诉我妈妈你在这里。
3). 下列从句中的will不是将来时助动词,而是情态动词。翻译为“愿意”,如:
If you will read the book, I will lend it to you.
如果你愿意读书,我就会借给你。
Will you marry me 你愿意嫁给我吗?
5. 让步状语从句
1). 让步状语从句一般翻译为“尽管……”或“即使……”,就是我们日常生活中用的“退一步说……”的感觉。
2). 引导让步状语从句的连词有:although, though, as, if, even if, even though, while, whether (...) or not, whatever, no matter what/how/why,如:
Though they are twin brothers, they don’t look like each other.
尽管他们是双胞胎,但看起来一点都不像。
6. 地点状语从句
引导词 用法 示例
where (在……地方) “where引导的地点状语从句,(there+)主句” “哪里……哪里就……”。主句在从句后面时,there可用可不用;主句在从句的前面时,一般都不用there. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。 You should have put the book where you found it. 你应该把书放回原处。
wherever (无论在哪) anywhere/wherever引导地点状语从句+主句。anywhere本身是个副词,但是常可以引导从句,相当于连词,意思相当于wherever, anywhere引导的从句可位于主句之前,也可以位于主句之后。而wherever本身就是个连词,表示“在何处,无论何处”。 Wherever the sea is, you will find seaman. 无论海在何处,你都能找到海员。 I’ll go anywhere you go. 我会跟你去任何地方。
7. 原因状语从句
引导词 用法 示例
as (既然) 引导原因状语从句时表示附带。说明“双方已知的原因”,语气比since弱,较为正式,位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)。 As the weather is cold, I stay at home. 既然天很冷,我还是待在家里吧。 As it is raining, you’d better take a taxi. 既然碗面下着雨,你最好打个车。
since (因为) 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之前表示已知的、显然的理由(通常被翻译成“既然”),较为正式,语气比because弱。 Since everybody is here, let's begin our meeting. 既然人都到齐了,我们就开始开会吧。
because (因为) 引导的原因状语从句一般放于主句之后,表述直接原因,语气较强,最适合why引导的疑问句。Because引导的原因状语从句有时可以与because of短语互换。 The woman prefers winter because she can skate. 这个女人更喜欢冬天,因为那时她可以滑冰。
for (因为) 引导的原因状语从句并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因,只提供一些辅助性的补充说明,for引导的原因状语从句只能放于主句之后,并且必须用逗号将其与主句隔开。 He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定是生病了,因为今天他没来。
【重难点提示】
状语从句在三大从句中较为简单,不涉及语序变换,先行词判断等复杂过程,我们只需要根据实际语境进行判断句子中缺什么东西,对应性地选出相应的关系词。然而有些关系词的意思比较多变,区分这些词在不同语境中的意思是这一部分的唯一难点。
1. 状语从句的区分和转换
so…that…与…enough to…的转换 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可用“enough to do sth.”来转换 The man is so strong that he can lift the heavy box. → The man is strong enough to lift the heavy box.
当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是肯定句时,可以用“enough for sb. to do sth.”来替换,但注意不定式的宾语要省略。 The question is so easy that I can work it out. → The question is easy enough for me to work out.
so...that...与 too...to... 的转换 当主句和从句的主语一致,且that从句是否定句时,可以用“too...to...”来替换。 The girl is so young that she can't dress herself. → The girl is too young to dress herself.
当主句和从句的主语不一致,且that从句是否定时,如果要用“too...to...替换“so...that...”,则用介词for引出动词不定式的逻辑主语,可以用“too...for sb. to do sth.”来替换,注意不定式的宾语要省略。 The bag is so heavy that she can't move it. → The bag is too heavy for her to move. It is so hot that we can't sleep. → It is too hot for us to sleep.
so...that...与 such…that 的转换 so…that与such…that之间的转换既为so与such之间的转换。 It’s such an interesting film that we all want to see it. → It’s so interesting a film that we all want to see it.
从用法上看,so后应接形容词或副词,而such后接名词(参见以上例句)。但有时“so+形容词”后还可接一个名词,且这个名词总是带不定冠词的单数可数名词(不能是复数名词或不可数名词)。试比较:
正:He is so clever a child that we all like him.
这小孩很聪明,我们都喜欢他。
正:They are such clever children that we all like them.
误:They are so clever children that we all like them.
2. if在宾语从句和状语从句中不同的含义。
在宾语从句中我们说过if在宾语和状语从句中意义不同,宾语从句中意为“是否”,而条件状语从句中作“如果”理解,如:
I don’t know if they will come tomorrow. 我不知道明天他们会不会来。
If we I get any information about him, I will tell you.
如果我得到他的任何信息,我都会告诉你。
【考前预测】状语从句
1.(2022·广西河池·中考真题)Our classroom won’t be clean ________ we clean it every day.
A.After B.while C.unless D.because
2.(2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题)The little boy won’t go to sleep unless his mom _________ him a story.
A.tells B.told C.is telling D.will tell
3.(2022·辽宁营口·中考真题)My pen friend knows a lot about China ________ she has never been here.
A.although B.if C.because D.until
4.(2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·中考真题)—Happiness is about having each tiny wish come true.
—________ we work hard, we’ll make our life full of happiness.
A.If B.Unless C.Though
5.(2022·山东菏泽·中考真题)—Daddy, can I go out to play soccer with my friends now
—Well, you can’t go ________ you finish your homework first.
A.if B.since C.unless
6.(2022·广西·中考真题)Mr. Zhao has given much money to Project Hope ________ he is not so rich.
A.if B.though C.because D.unless
7.(2022·广西·中考真题)I don’t know if it _________ tomorrow, but if it _________, I’ll stay at home.
A.will rain; rains B.will rain; will rain C.rains; will rain D.rains; rains
8.(2022·江苏徐州·中考真题)Dad sometimes goes to the supermarket with us ________ he hates going shopping.
A.because B.so C.though D.if
9.(2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题)Teenagers should do some housework ________ they finish their homework.
A.until B.but C.after D.unless
10.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)—I don’t know when Susan ________.
—Don’t worry. When she ________, I will tell you.
A.comes; will come B.will come; comes C.come; comes
11.(2022·内蒙古包头·中考真题)Many wild animals don’t have a safe place to live, ________ villages and farms are growing bigger and taking away their land.
A.because B.until C.although D.before
12.(2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题)—The big stone is ________ heavy ________ I can’t carry it alone.
—Don’t worry. I will help you.
A.such; that B.so; that C.too; to
13.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)It’s necessary to learn English well, ________ it’s a little difficult.
A.unless B.although C.as
14.(2022·贵州毕节·中考真题)________ the weather improves, we’ll have to cancel the outdoor picnic.
A.Unless B.If C.Because D.When
15.(2022·黑龙江·中考真题)The Battle of Changjin Lake is ________ wonderful movie ________ I want to see it again.
A.such a: that B.so; that C.such an; that
16.(2022·黑龙江齐齐哈尔·中考真题)Learning to write is learning to think. ________ , you won’t know things clearly.
A.if you write them down
B.unless you write them down
C.if you won’t write them down
17.(2022·广西贺州·中考真题)I won’t go to the movies this afternoon ________ I’m free.
A.or B.unless C.because D.than
18.(2022·江苏无锡·中考真题)You will not get the special gift ________ you finish all the tasks.
A.after B.because C.while D.unless
19.(2022·福建·中考真题)We are making a big cake ________ it’s Dad’s birthday today.
A.because B.until C.once
20.(2022·江苏泰州·中考真题)—It is impossible to finish the difficult task in such a short time on my own ________ both of us work together.
—No problem. Let’s start!
A.if B.but C.because D.unless
21.(2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题)—Time to go home, Peter.
—Wait a minute. I can’t go home ________ I finish cleaning the hallway.
A.since B.after C.until
22.(2022·湖北十堰·中考真题)To avoid the virus (病毒), we should wash hands more carefully ________ we have meals.
A.so B.before C.because D.although
23.(2022·河北·中考真题)________ you can use your dictionary, you will learn English better.
A.If B.Unless C.Though D.Before
24.(2022·江苏宿迁·中考真题)Yesterday, Lin Tao’s speech on how to be a good volunteer was ________ wonderful that we couldn’t stop cheering for him.
A.so B.very C.too D.quite
25.(2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题)I will return it to the library _______ I finish reading Little Women.
A.no longer B.as soon as C.so that
26.(2022·天津·中考真题)Before you get off the bus, you should wait ________ it has stopped.
A.until B.but C.because D.so
27.(2022·江苏扬州·中考真题)________ astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe.
A.Though B.Till C.When D.Unless
28.(2022·湖南怀化·中考真题)I want to buy something special for my grandmother, _______ her birthday is coming.
A.because B.although C.so
29.(2022·云南昆明·中考真题)________ Yuan Longping, the Father of Hybrid Rice, has passed away, he is forever in my mind.
A.If B.Unless C.Before D.Although
30.(2022·云南·中考真题)For your safety, you mustn’t get close to the train ________ it stops.
A.while B.when C.since D.until
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