【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版必修三教师用书Unit 1 The world of our senses Task

【美文阅读】
你遇到过一个双目失明的老师吗？你能想象出这样的一位老师的课堂会是什么样吗？读一读下面的这篇文章，了解一位这样的老师吧。
It is time for Algeb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ra Ⅱ at Newton North High School，and David Ticchi asks one of his students to take attendance for him.
“Here's my clipboard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )( 带夹子的写字板)，Heather，”the teacher says，handing his roster to a male student in the front row.
But the real Heather ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pipes up(用尖锐的声音说) from another spot in the room：“I moved.I'm in the third row.”
“What are you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doing in the third row？”the bearded teacher asks jokingly.“You know I can't talk to moving targets.”
The confusion in th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is classroom is understandable: Ticchi is not the regular classroom teacher；he is a substitute (代用教师)．And he is blind.
He is also very q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uick to say，“I'm a teacher who is blind，not a blind teacher.”
For Ticchi，the di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fference is important.His classroom is probably one of the most closely controlled ever for a substitute，but he says the students don't behave“because I'm blind，but because I conduct myself in an experienced manner and show them that I know what's going on.”
As if to show，he sudde ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nly asked a student one recent afternoon，“Is that a Walkman I hear？”
“No，”said the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) student，who was，indeed，wearing headphones.“I could swear I hear music，”Ticchi continued gently，but firmly.
“He hears everything，”another student said.
The teenager with headphones unplugged.
Classroom order is a function of a teacher's relati
onship with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )students，said Ticchi：“You don't have to have 20/20 vision for that.”
“Mr.Ticchi doesn't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )have to ask for respect，”said James Marini，Jr.，seventeen，whose father is the principal.“He just gets it.”
Ticchi，said Princip ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al James Marini，Sr.，is “an outstanding teacher，who has a real ability to communicate with kids.”
He is a teacher w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith “a terrific sensitivity to kids”，according to colleague Charles Kramer，and“a wicked good teacher”，in the words of student Jennifer Martell，seventeen.
【诱思导学】
1．What do you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the sentence “I'm a teacher who is blind，not a blind teacher.”？
2．Have you ever ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d a teacher who is disabled？What do you think of him
3．After reading the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) passage，what do you learn about a person's senses
【答案】　1.“I'm a t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eacher who is blind”means “I don't have the power to see”．But “a blind teacher”means “a teacher unable to affect，judge or understand well”．
2．The answer may be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) varied.For example：Yes.I have ever had a teacher who is a cripple because of a disease when young.He worked very hard and was strict with us.He was not very good at communicating with us，but we all respected him very much.
3．The answer may be v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aried.For example：Usually，people have five senses：hearing，sight，smell，taste and touch.But some people may lose one or some of them.On one hand，their other senses will be likely to develop above normal.On the other hand，they will work harder to make up for their disability.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课中课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本课时主要讲述人类的五种感官功能和一个 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在大雾中迷路的妇女受到帮助的故事，本课主要帮助学生通过阅读这篇文章掌握阅读此类文章的阅读策略和阅读技巧，提高学生的阅读能力和综合运用语言的能力，同时，培养学生热爱生活，尊重残疾人，并学会感恩。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
采用多媒体教学等辅助手段，通过观看图片激发学生学习兴趣，进而引出话题fog让学生进行讨论，让他们搜索自己的知识库中有关雾天的背景知识。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。 学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第1页)。 学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生再次阅读课文(课本第2－3页)并完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成“语篇理解”(见学案第2－3页)。 师生共同讨论并统一答案。 让学生快速阅读课文，(见课本第2－3页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第2页)。
　　　　　
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )统一答案。 学生再次仔细阅读课文，(课本第2－3页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第3页)。 老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )3页)。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。 让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第3页)。
　　　　　
老师布置作业，让学生完成课本第4页C1，C2，D三题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第4－10页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P2～3的Reading部分，完成下面表格(每空一词)
At the 2. stop in the street Later Polly；the bus conductor The fog was too th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ick for the bus to 6. to King Street，where Polly lived.
On the Underg round 3. to Green Park station Later Polly；a tall man A tall man in a dark overcoat is on the train. She had a feeling that she was being9. .
In Park Street；at the corner of the street When Polly got to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he station，the fog 4. like a thick，grey cloud. Polly；a man A rough hand 7. her cheek. Her heart was beating with fear.
In the street It was dark. Polly；an old man The old man took her hand and helped her find the way. She wished for someo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne to come along. Fear held her still.She began to feel frightened again.
Outside Polly's house at King Street Late that day Polly；the old blind man The old man left to help more peop le in need. Polly was10. .
【答案】　1.Place/Where　2.bus　3.train　4.lay　5.left
6．run　7.brushed　8.feeling　9.watched
10．thankful/grateful
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2～3的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．The text mainly talks about .
A．Polly's experience in a fog
B．Polly's school life in London
C．Polly's experience on a train
2．It was that Polly had her fantastic experience.
A．on the way to work
B．on the way back home from work
C．on the way to visit her friend
3．How did Polly plan to go back home at the beginning
A．By taxi.　　　B．By train.　　　C．By bus.
4．The man who helped Polly out of trouble was .
A．the man who watched Polly on the train
B．an old blind man who always helps others in the fog
C．the old man who made heavy footsteps behind her
5．How did Polly get to Green Park she wanted to go to
A．By bus. B．Taking a taxi. C．By train.
【答案】　1.A　2.B　3.C　4.B　5.C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
brush；helpful；sense；step；pay；cover；observe；still；fog；desert
When Polly left h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome that morning，the city was1. in a grey mist.The mist became a thick 2. in the afternoon.At four o'clock，Polly 3. out into the fog.Because the fog was too thick for the bus to run that far，she had to take an underground train.As Polly 4. the passengers on the train，she 5. that she was being watched by a tall man.
When Polly got to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the station entrance，it was 6. .As she walked along，she heard the sound of footsteps，but by the time she reached the corner of the street，the footsteps were gone.Suddenly she felt a rough hand 7. her face.Then she heard the sound again.She wanted to run，but fear held her 8. .At last，the stranger turned out to be a 9. blind man.He wanted to 10. back the help that people had given him when it was sunny.
【答案】　1.covered　2.fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g　3.stepped　4.observed　5.sensed　6.deserted　7.brush　8.still　9.helpful　10.pay
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．aid　 A．be slow to speak or act
2．grateful B．seize sb./sth.firmly with hands or fingers
3．anxious C．take a quick look
4．hesitate D．ability to hear
5．grasp E．see and notice；watch carefully
6．hearing F．help
7．observe G．thankful
8．glance H．worried；uneasy
【答案】　1.F　2.G　3.H　4.A　5.B　6.D　7.E　8.C
Ⅱ.短语填空
in sight；wish ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for；pay back；reach out；stare up at；even if；watch out for；be frozen with
1．The police are the suspect these days.
2．The land came after we had sailed for ten days.
3．They the strange sight in the sky.
4．The monkey a hand through the bars and took the banana.
5．We have had everything we can .
6． he invites me，I won't go.
【答案】　1.watchi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng out for　2.in sight　3.stared up at　4.reached out　5.wish for　6.Even if
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Some people cannot remember something until they have seen it.
有一些人直到看到某件东西才能记住它。
2．Once out in the str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eet，she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.
一到街上，她就匆匆地向往常乘车的公交车站走去。
3．Polly found herself ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
波莉发现自己正盯着一张长着胡须的老人的脸。
4．It gives me the chan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce to pay back the help that people give me when it's sunny.
这给了我一个机会，我可以回报在晴天里人们所给予我的帮助了。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，再通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
●教学地位
高一阶段学生需要打好牢固的基 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )础，因此对每一单元里的重点单词、短语及句型的用法牢牢掌握，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师可以以检查上堂课所布置的作业导入课堂。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生对学案预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第4－10页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生再次阅读课文，(课本第2－3页)以加 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )深对所学单词与短语的理解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出正确答案。
　　　　　
让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第10页) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。 布置作业。让学生完成课本第5页E，F题，“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第10－14页)。
1．sense n．感觉；常识；意义 vt.感觉到；了解
Our senses are very important in our daily lives.(P1)
我们的感觉在我们的日常生活中非常重要。
The manager has g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot a good business sense，so the company is doing well.
经理有良好的商业意识，因此公司发展得不错。
The driver sensed danger and stopped the train.
司机意识到危险，停下了火车。
I didn't sense his meaning.
我没有领会他的意思。
see sense 明白事理
make sense 有意义；有道理；讲得通；符合情理
make sense of sth.弄懂……的意思
it makes sense (for sb.)to do sth.
(对某人来说)做某事是明智的
common sense 常识
I hope she soon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sees sense and stops fighting a battle she cannot win.
我希望她能很快明白过来，别再打这场打不赢的仗了。
Your story doesn't make sense to me.
你的故事我听不明白。
Can you make sense of what he said just now
你能听懂他刚才说的话吗？
【教师备课资源】
in a/some sense从某种意义上说
in all senses从任何意义上说
in no sense绝不
make no sense没有意义
There is no sense(in)doing sth.做……是毫无意义的。
注意：in no sense位于句首，句子要用部分倒装。
In no sense will he attend her birthday party.
他决不会参加他的生日宴会。
完成句子
①本词典中每个词的不同义项都由数字标明了。
In this dictionary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the different of a word are marked by numbers.
②能省钱时就节省，这是明智的。
It to save money while you can.
③莉萨意识到他不相信她。
Lisa that he did not believe her.
④这个销售员的介绍没有任何意义。
The salesman's introduction didn't .
【答案】　①senses　②makes sense　③sensed
④make any sense
2．confuse vt.使糊涂；使迷惑；打乱
However，even if w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e have good senses，they can still confuse us.(P1)不过，既使我们有良好的感觉，这些感觉还是会迷惑我们。
What he said confused us all.
他说的话把我们大家都弄糊涂了。
Her unexpected arrival confused all our plans.
她的突然到来把我们所有的计划都打乱了。
confused adj.糊涂的；混乱的
confusing adj.莫名其妙的；难以理解的
confusion n．迷乱；混乱；杂乱
in confusion处于混乱状态
confuse A and/with B　把A误当成B；混淆A和B
They were confused by the confusing smile on his face.
他们被他脸上莫名其妙的笑搞糊涂了。
You should not confuse black with white.
他不应该混淆黑白。
完成句子
①他们提了一大堆问题，把我弄糊涂了。
They so many questions.
②请别把澳大利亚和奥地利混淆了。
Please don't Australia Austria.
③当他看到这个莫名其妙的结果时糊涂了。
He when he saw the result.
【答案】　①confused me by asking　②confuse；with　③felt confused；confusing
3.forecast vt.& n．预测；预报
At lunch，the radio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) forecast that the mist would become a thick fog in the afternoon.(P2)
午餐时分，收音机预报说，到下午薄雾就会变成浓雾。
He listens to the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eather forecast from the local radio station every morning.
他每天早上收听当地电台的天气预报。
The report f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orecasts that prices will rise by 3% next month.报告预测下个月物价将上涨3%。
forecast的过去式及过去分词分别有两种形式：(forecasted，forecasted)或(forecast，forecast)。
前缀fore 表示“(在……)前面 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，预先”，它构成的其他单词还有foresee(预见，预知)，forehead(前额)，foretell(预言)等。
完成句子
①对我们来说地震很难预测。
Earthquakes are difficult for us .
②天气预报说明天下午有一场暴风雨。
A storm has for tomorrow afternoon.
【答案】　①to forecast　②been forecast/forecasted
4．Once out i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the street，she walked quickly towards her usual bus stop.(P2)一到大街上，她就很快地向往常乘车的公交车站走去。
Once out in the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )treet是一个时间状语从句的省略形式，完整句子为Once she was out in the street，因为从句的主语与后面主句的主语一致，所以从句中主语可以省略。once表示“一旦”“一……，便……”，引导时间状语从句：
Once(it is)printed，this dictionary will be very popular.
一旦出版，这本词典会非常畅销。
Once she arrives，we can start.
她一来，我们就可以开始。
once引导的从句，与if，wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en，while，until，although等引导的从句一样，当主从句的主语一致，并且从句中含有系动词be的某种形式时，可以省略主语和be。因此常常可以看到这样的结构：once＋现在分词/过去分词/形容词/介词短语/副词＋主句。
While(I was)at co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llege，I began to know him，a strange but able student.我上大学时就开始认识他了——一个奇怪但有能力的学生。
You should stay where you are，unless(you are)asked to leave.
你应该待在你现在所在的地方，除非有人让你离开。
完成句子
①一到英国，我便去参观了牛津大学和剑桥大学。
Once England，I went to visit Oxford and Cambridge.
②尽管他们累了，但还是没停下来休息。
Although ，they didn't stop to have a rest.
③才能一旦受懒惰支配便将一事无成。
Once laziness，talents will accomplish nothing.
【答案】　①arriving in　②(they were)tired　③under the control of
5．observe vt.观察；注意到；评论
As Polly obse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rved the passengers on the train，she had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man in a dark overcoat.(P2)正当波莉打量地铁车厢里的乘客时，她感觉有个穿着黑色大衣的高个男人一直在看着她。
Have you observed any changes lately
最近你注意到什么变化没有？
The police observed a man enter the bank.
警察注意到一个人进了那家银行。
He observed that it would probably rain.
他说很可能下雨。
observe sb.do s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th.表示“看到某人做了某事”，而observe sb.doing sth.表示“看到某人正在做某事”；observe后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，若变为被动语态，不定式符号to须加上。
I observed him reading a book on the bench.
我看到他正坐在长凳上看书。
The man was observed to enter the bank by the policeman.警察看到那个男人进了银行。
【教师备课资源】
observation n．[C，U]观察，监视
under observation受到监视
observe v．遵守；庆祝
observance n．遵守；奉行
observant adj.善于观察的；观察力敏锐的
observer n．观察者；目击者；观测者；旁听者
单项填空
I observed him to force the lock of the door open when I passed by，so I called the police.
A．try　　　　　　　 B．to try
C．to be trying D．trying
【解析】　observe sb.doing sth.意为“看到某人正在做某事”，现在分词表示动作正在进行。
【答案】　D
6．glance vi.& n．瞥一眼；匆匆一看；在……上闪烁(或闪耀)
While the rest of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the passengers were getting out，she glanced at the faces around her.(P2)当其他乘客陆续下车的时候，波莉扫视了一下周围的面孔。
I heard some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one following me，and glanced round and saw a dark figure in the shadows.我听到了有人跟随我的声音，便环视四周，发现黑暗中有一个人影。
The glasses glanced and twinkled in the sunlight.
玻璃杯在阳光下闪闪发亮。
give/take/throw a glance at朝……匆匆看一下
glance at匆匆看一下
at a glance看一眼便知道
at first glance乍一看；最初看到时
glance around环顾四周
I only had time to glance at the newspapers.
我只来得及浏览一下报纸。
He could tell at a glance what was wrong.
他一眼就能看出问题所在。
She gave the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) boy a quick glance as he walked into the room.那个男孩走进房间时，她朝他瞥了一眼。
完成句子
①那位中年妇女瞥了一眼手表。
The middle aged woman her watch.
②乍一看问题似乎很容易。
the problem seemed very easy.
【答案】　①glanced at/took/gave/threw a glance at
②At first glance
7．Outside，wherever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she looked the fog lay like a thick，grey cloud.(P2)在外面，不管她向哪里看大雾都像一团厚厚的灰云笼罩着外面。
本句中wherever引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter where。
I will find him wherever he may be.
无论他在哪儿，我都要找到他。
Wherever he goes，he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) will take an umbrella with him in case.无论去哪儿，他都会带把伞以防下雨。
①conj.在任何地方，无论什么地方，不管哪里。用法浅析：
②adv.究竟哪里，究竟到哪儿。用于问句，表示惊讶之意。
Wherever can he have gone？他究竟去哪儿了呢？
You can sit wherever you like.你想坐哪儿就坐哪儿。
翻译句子
①昨天你到底去哪儿了？
②无论你去哪儿，我都会陪着你的。
③他叫你去哪里，你就去哪里。
【答案】　①Wherever did you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) go yesterday ②Wherever/No matter where you go，I will be with you.　③Go wherever he tells you to.
8．in sight看得到，在视力范围之内
There was no one in sight.(P2)
那里已空无一人。
The train is still in sight.火车仍在视线内。
We came in sight of the school buildings.
我们来到看得见学校建筑物的地方。
lose one's sight失明
catch sight of看见
out of sight看不见
at first sight初看时
in the sight of sb.在某人看来
at the sight of一看见……(就……)
I recognized her at first sight.
我一眼就认出了她。
I caught sight of him hurrying away.
我瞥见他匆匆走了。
The train was soon out of sight.
火车不久就看不见了。
完成句子
①尽管他双目失明，但是他从没放弃对生活的希望。
Although he ，he has never given up the hope of life.
②我看到公共汽车后面有一个空位。
I an empty seat at the back of the bus.
③我站在那儿，直到看不见他们。
I stood there until they .
④我们仍然看不见陆地。
We are still .
【答案】　①has lost his sight　②caught sight of
③were out of sight　④out of sight of land
9．approach vt.靠近，接近；着手处理 n．靠近；方法；路径
As she walked a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )long the narrow street，she heard the sound of footsteps approaching，but by the time she reached the corner of the street，the footsteps were gone.(P2)走着走着，波莉听到了一阵脚步声正在靠近，可当她走到街道拐角处时，脚步声又消失了。
He tried everything to approach the difficult problem.
他想尽一切方法来处理这个难题。
Our approach drove away the animals.
我们一走近，那些动物全都跑开了。
His approaches to the problem are wrong.
他处理这个问题的方法是错误的。
approach to(doing)sth.(做)……的方法；接近；通向……
approach sb.about(doing)sth.因(做)某事与某人商量
make an approach to sb.与……进行探讨
I don't like his new approach to this problem.
我不喜欢他解决这个问题的新方法。
I approached him about filling the manager's job.
我找他商量，问他是否有意担任经理。
The club has made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an approach to a local company for sponsorship.俱乐部已向当地一家公司寻求赞助。
用approach翻译句子
①昨天下午我找他商量去上海的事情。
②我们靠近时，那所学校逐渐映入眼帘。
③通往山顶的那条路被一堆石头挡住了。
【答案】　①I approached hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m about going to Shanghai yesterday afternoon.　②As we approached，the school gradually came into sight.　③The approach to the top of the mountain was blocked by a pile of stones.
10．wish for盼望，企盼
A minute before，she ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d wished for someone to come along.(P2)刚才她还盼望着能有什么人朝她这里走过来。
How she wished ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for an opportunity to come and visit China！她多么希望有机会来访问中国！
wish for...to do sth.期盼发生某事
wish for sth.想要……；盼望……
couldn't wish for more/better
没有比这更多/更好的了
We know what she'll be wishing for on her birthday.
我们知道她在生日那天会默默地盼望着什么。
You couldn't wish for a better friend.
你没有比他更好的朋友。
【教师备课资源】
wish后接宾语从句时的用法
①wish后接宾语从句指现在情况，谓语动词用过去式，be动词多用were。
She does wish she knew more about the subject.
她要是对这个问题知道得更多一些多好。
How I wish I were there with you.
我要是也和你们一起去那儿就好了。
②wish后接宾语从句指过去情况时，谓语动词用过去完成时。
He wishes he had been present at the meeting yesterday.
他倒真希望他参加了昨天的会议。
He wished that he hadn't spent his money.
他真希望他没有把钱花掉。
③wish后接宾语从句指将来情况时，多由“would/could/might＋动词原形”构成谓语。
I wish I could go to the moon in a spaceship one day.
我希望有一天我能乘宇宙飞船去月球。
I wish you wouldn't smoke any more.
我希望你别再抽烟了。
翻译句子
①他们不企盼得到怜悯。
②我一直盼望有机会做点不一样的事情。
【答案】　①They do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not wish for pity.　②I keep wishing for a chance to do something different.
11．Now she wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nted to run，but fear held her still.(P2)现在她想到的是逃跑，只是由于恐惧她站在那里一动也不能动。
在本句中hold是及物动词，构成的结构是：主语＋hold＋宾语＋宾补，意为“使(某人)处于某种状态”。
He held his head up/high.他昂着头。
I held my eyes steadily on him.
我目不转睛地看着他。
It took three nurs ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es to hold him down while they gave him the injection.
给他打针时，用了三个护士才把他按住。
hold＋that从句＝hold＋n.＋(to be)
认为(……是……)
hold back抑制/隐瞒……
We used rolled up ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wspapers to hold the windows open.我们用卷起的报纸抵住窗户让它们开着。
Max held her close.马克斯紧紧地抱着她。
She was held to b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e one of the most talented actors of her time.她被认为是她那个时代最有天赋的演员之一。
They hold that he is a fool.他们认为他是一个傻瓜。
She had difficulty holding her anger back.
她很难抑制住怒气。
完成句子
①I hold (她的决定是对的)．
②You must (对我隐瞒着什么)．
【答案】　①her decisio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n(to be)right/that her decision is right　②be holding something back from me
12．hesitate vi.犹豫，迟疑不决
Polly hesitated.(P2)波莉犹豫了。
Helen hesitated a moment before replying.
海伦犹豫了一下才作答。
Don't hesitate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) about your decision once you think it over.只要你思考清楚了，就不要犹豫不决。
hesitate to do sth.迟疑做某事，不愿做某事
hesitate about/in/at/over (doing) sth.(做)某事犹豫不决
hesitation n．踌躇；犹豫
without hesitation毫不犹豫地
have no hesitation in doing sth.毫不犹豫地做某事
I always hesitate to advise my friends what to read.
我总是犹豫不决该建议我的朋友们看些什么书。
He's still hesitating about joining the army.
他对是否参军仍拿不定主意。
She agreed without hesitation.她毫不犹豫地同意了。
完成句子
①你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。
if you have a problem.
②他从不优柔寡断。
He hesitates .
③她毫不犹豫地作了回答。
She replied .
④我舍不得把这么多钱花在穿衣服上。
I hesitate on clothes.
【答案】　①Don't hesitate to tell us　②at nothing
③without hesitation　④to spend so much money
13．reach out 伸出(手)
A few seconds la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter，a hand reached out and grasped her arm.(P3)没过几秒钟，有一只手伸了过来并且抓住了她的胳膊。
David reached out and took down a book.
戴维伸出手取下一本书。
He reached out and passed me a parcel.
他伸出手来，递给我一个包裹。
reach for sth.伸手去够
reach out one's hand for 伸手去拿
reach sth.摸到，触到某物
within one's reach够得着
out of/beyond one's reach＝out of/beyond the reach of sb.够不着；不能达到的
The beggar reached out his hands for money.
那个乞丐伸出手来讨钱。
He reached for the match.
他伸手去拿火柴。
The shelf is so high that it is out of/beyond my reach.
架子太高，我够不着。
完成句子
①他伸出手想要拿一块蛋糕。
He a piece of cake.
②把药放在孩子们够不着的地方。
Keep the medicine of children.
③最好把词典放在够得着的地方。
You'd better have a dictionary .
【答案】　①reached out(his hand)for　②out of/beyond the reach　③within reach
14．stare vi.凝视；盯着看
Do you like being stared at？你喜欢被人注视吗？
The old man stared up at the bird flying in the sky.
那个老人抬头凝视着空中那只正在飞行的鸟。
glare/stare/gaze/glance
glare vi. 愤怒地凝视，含有敌对之意，怒目而视。
stare vi. 因吃惊、沉思或恐惧睁大眼睛盯着看。
gaze vi. 因惊讶、喜悦或有兴趣而注视。
glance vi. 匆匆一瞥，粗略地看一看，用眼睛扫视
选词填空：gaze at/glare at/glance at/stare at(注意词形的变化)
①The little girl the ants out of curiosity.
②I didn't allow him to enter the hall and he
me.
③It is rude to the stranger.
④You will never understand the book if you just
the headlines.
【答案】　①gazed at　②glared at　③stare at
④glance at
15．Polly found her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )self staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.波莉抬头看到一张长着山羊胡子的老年男子的脸。
此句为find的复合结构：主语Pol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly＋谓语动词found＋宾语herself＋宾语补足语staring up at the face of an old man with a beard.
find oneself...意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“发现自己(做某事或处于某种状态)”，后常接分词、形容词或介词短语，常指没有预料到的事或状态。宾语补足语多用动词 ing形式/形容词/过去分词/介词短语充当。
Peter，who was usua ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly shy，found himself talking to the girls.彼得，平时很害羞，发现自己竟和这帮女孩搭起话来了。
After wandering a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )round，we found ourselves back at the hotel.四处徘徊后，我们竟然回到了旅馆。
find＋sb./sth.doing发现……在做……(主动)
find sb./sth.done发现……被做……(被动)
I found the boy hiding behind the door.
＝I found that the boy was hiding behind the door.
我发现那个男孩藏在门后。
When he went home，he found his house cleaned.
他回家后发现房子已被打扫干净了。
完成句子
①如果你觉得自己老是担心，就给我打个电话。
If you things，call me.
②他发现食物被老鼠吃光了。
He found his food .
③布朗发现一个乞丐正站在外面。
Brown found a beggar .
【答案】　①find y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ourself worrying about　②eaten up by mice　③standing outside
16．watch out for留心，密切注意
Watch out for the step here.(P3)
当心，这儿有台阶。
You have to watch out for fast traffic along here.
你得当心这里快速的车流。
watch for当心；守候；等待
watch out小心；提防
watch over看守；监视；照管
Watch out！There's a bus driving fast toward here.
当心！一辆客车正飞速驶来。
They are watching for the right moment.
他们在等待适当的时机。
He felt that God was watching over him.
他感觉到上帝保佑着他。
完成句子
①她密切留意任何成名的机会。
She to be famous.
②过马路时要小心汽车。
when you cross the road.
③我游泳时你照看我的衣物行吗？
Could you while I have a swim.
④你必须等待进一步的发展。
You have to further developments.
【答案】　①watches ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) out for any chance　②watch out for the cars　③watch over my clothes　④watch for
17．anxious adj.焦虑，忧虑
You really shouldn't feel anxious.(P3)
你根本不用担心。
There were a few ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) anxious moments in the baseball game.那场棒球比赛中有些时刻让人焦虑不安。
be anxious about sth.(sb.)为某事或某人担心或担忧
be anxious for sth.(sb.)
为某事或某人担心或担忧；渴望某事物
be anxious to do sth.渴望(希望，想要)做某事
此用法有时可与be anxious for sth.互换
be anxious for sb.to do sth.
渴望(希望，想要)某人做某事
be anxious that...渴望……(从句谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，should可省略)
I'm anxious about her safety.
我担心她的安全。
We're anxious for your safe return.
我们盼望你平安归来。
We are really anxious for peace.
我们确实渴望和平。
I'm really anxious to see him.我急于见他。
The week of the flood was an anxious time for all of us.
闹水灾的那一星期是使我们大家都焦虑不安的日子。
We are anxious for him to come.我们希望他来。
【教师备课资源】
anxiety
“渴望……”表达法荟萃：
long to do sth./long for sth.
desire to do sth./desire for sth.
be eager to do sth./be eager for sth.
be dying to do sth./be dying for sth.
be keen to do sth./be keen on doing sth.
be anxious to do sth./be anxious for sth.
单项填空
①—I wonder why she is always showing off like that.
—Don't you know s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he is too to attract people's attention and become famous quickly
A．anxious B．pleased
C．proud D．modest
【解析】　句意：——我就不明白了，她 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为什么老是那样炫耀呢？——难道你不知道吗？她急切地希望引起别人的注意并迅速成名。be anxious to do sth.渴望做某事，热切地希望做某事。
【答案】　A
②Mother was anxio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us that I all the materials for food ready before she got home.
A．get B．had got
C．got D．would get
【解析】　句意：妈妈希望我在她回家之前 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )把所有的食材都准备好。anxious后接从句时，从句谓语的形式通常为“(should＋)动词原形”，故A项切题。
【答案】　A
18．grateful adj.感激的；表示感谢的
The grateful helper(P3)知恩图报的热心人
They sent us a grateful letter.
他们给我们寄来了一封感谢信。
I'd be very grat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eful if you could let me know as soon as possible.如果你尽快让我知道我将非常感激。
①be grateful to sb.for sth.＝thank sb.for sth.
为某事对某人感激
be grateful to do因……而感激的
②gratefulness n．感激；感激的心情
I'm really grateful to you for your help.
对你的帮助我铭记在心。
He was grateful to have someone to talk to.
有人跟他谈话他就很感激。
完成句子
①我感谢您的厚意。
I'm your kindness.
②他很感谢受到邀请。
He was grateful .
【答案】　①grateful to you for　②to have been invited
19．‘Thank you so much for coming to my aid，’said Polly in relief.(P3)
“非常感谢您的帮忙”，波莉如释重负地说。
(1)aid n．& vt.帮助
The family lived on government aid for two years.
这一家人靠政府援助生活了两年。
He aided me in business.他在事业上帮助我。
come/go to one's aid 来/去帮助某人
in aid of 用来帮助……
with the aid of 借助……的帮助
aid sb.in/with sth.在……上帮助某人
aid sb.to do/in doing sth.帮助某人做某事
He collected money in aid of charity.
他为资助慈善事业而募捐。
They aided us with money.他们用钱资助我们。
完成句子
①他去帮助那个受伤的人。
He the injured man.
②这钱作什么用？
What's the money ？
③他们援助他从事科学研究。
They him scientific studies.
④我们已帮他提前完成了工作。
We've aided him ahead of time.
⑤这位老人拄着手杖走路。
The old man walked a cane.
【答案】　①went to the aid of　②in aid of　③aided；in
④to finish/in finishing the work　⑤with the aid of
(2)relief n．轻松，宽慰；救济(物品)
It was a gre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at relief to find that my family were all safe.看到我的家人安然无恙，我感到极大的欣慰。
You are safe！What a relief!
你没事了！真叫人宽慰！
Relief was quickly s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent to the sufferers from the great fire.救济品很快被送到遭受重大火灾的灾民手中。
单项填空
⑥ was flown to the flood hit areas immediately.
A．Relief B．Relieve
C．Belief D．Supporting
【解析】　句意：救济品被迅速空运 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到遭受水灾的地区。relief，救济物品；relieve v．救济；减轻；belief信念；supporting adj.次要的，故选A。
【答案】　A
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议教师准备适量的含名词性从句的句子为学生呈现，让学生观察思考过去完成时适用场合。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第10－14页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，(见学案第12－14页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　
老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )掌握本单元语法知识。 自我评估(见学案第14页)。 布置作业。让学生完成课本第11页A，B题，预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第14－20页)。
1．afford vt.担负得起(……的费用，损失，后果)；买得起；有足够的……(去做……)；经受得住；承担得起；提供；给予
Poor people often ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) have to go hungry because they cannot afford the...(P6)
穷人常常不得不挨饿，因为他们付不起……
I can't afford a holiday this summer.
今年夏天我无法度假。
I'd love to go on a holiday but I can't afford the time.
我倒想去度假，可是抽不出时间来。
【提示】　afford不能单独作谓语，通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常用在can，could，be able to之后，后面可跟名词、代词或不定式作宾语，但不能接动词 ing形式作宾语。
翻译句子
①他的父母负担不起他上大学的费用。
【答案】　His parents can't afford to let him go to college.
句型转换
②I like the red car very much，but I can't afford it.
→I like the red car very much，but I can't .
【答案】　afford to buy it
2．reduce vt.& vi.减少；缩减；降低
The possibility ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.(P9)
最近新的研究表明令人愉快的气味可能会减少痛苦。
What the factory sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould do now is to try to reduce the production cost.
该厂现在应该做的就是设法降低生产成本。
reduce by减少了(百分比)
reduce to减少到(数量)
She reduced her weight by five kilograms.
她把体重减轻了5千克。
Your speed must be r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )educed to the city speed as soon as you cross the border.
你一进市区车速就得减到市区的规定速度。
完成句子
①要尽量减少饮食中的脂肪量。
Try to in your diet.
②价格将减少20%。
The price will 20 percent.
【答案】　①reduce the amount of fat　②be reduced by
3．volunteer vt.& vi.自愿做，义务做 n．志愿者
...，volunteers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) were required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment.(P9)
……，要求志愿者在试验开始前八个小时不吃不喝。
She volunteered some information.
她主动提供了一些情况。
volunteer sth.自愿提供，自愿给予
volunteer to do sth.自愿干某事
volunteer oneself to do sth.自愿干某事
voluntary adj.志愿的；自愿的；主动的
When she ret ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ired she did a lot of voluntary work for the Red Cross.她退休后为红十字会做了大量的义工。
Two men volunteered to search for the missing climber.
两个人自告奋勇去寻找那位失踪的登山运动员。
翻译句子
①他们主动提出为那个老妇人修缮房子。
②那个人是这个镇里的志愿消防队员。
【答案】　①They voluntee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red to repair the house for the old lady.　②That man is a volunteer fireman in this town.
4．recognize vt.认识，辨认出；意识到；(正式)承认
One explanation is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that women's sense of smell is better developed than that of men，and is linked to recognizing the smell of babies.(P9)一种解释是：女人的嗅觉比男人的嗅觉发育得更好，且与识别婴儿的体味有关。
He had changed s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o much that one could hardly recognize him.他变化那么大，几乎没有人能认出他来。
recognize...as认为，承认是
recognize sb./sth.to be认为某人是
recognize that sb.should＋do认为
The book is now recognized as a classic.
这本书现在是一部公认的经典之作。
They recognized him as/to be a great leader.
他们承认他是位伟大的领袖。
单项填空
I was so fami ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )liar with him that I his voice I picked up the phone.
A．recognized；the minute
B．remembered；immediately
C．picked out；upon
D．got to know；in case
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析和状语从 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句连词。句意：我对他如此熟悉，以至于我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。recognize意为“认出，辨认出”；know意思是“认识，了解”；pick out 意思是“挑出，选出，辨认出”；get to know意思是“逐渐认识”。the minute“一……就”；immediately“一……就”；on/upon doing/名词也可表示“一……就”。
【答案】　A
5．puzzle n．谜，疑问 vt.迷惑，使困惑
However，why pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )easant smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.(P9)然而，为什么令人感到惬意的香味不能减轻男士的痛苦，这对科学家们来说依然是个谜。
It's quite a puzzle to us why he did that.
他为何做那样的事，我们完全搞不懂。
He puzzled his brains to find the answer.
他绞尽脑汁以寻求答案。
puzzled adj.困惑的，无法了解的
puzzling adj.令人困惑的
The spelling of English is often puzzling.
英语的拼写法常常使人伤脑筋。
He was puzzled what to do next.
我不知道下一步干什么。
完成句子
①The meaning of the poem (始终是个谜)．
② (使我感到困惑的是)is why his books are so popular.
【答案】　①has always been a puzzle　②What puzzles me
6．make the most/best of充分利用，尽量利用
Scientists observe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that making the most of our senses when we are young can keep us healthy later on in life.(P11)科学家说年轻时充分利用感觉会使我们在今后的生活中保持健康。
We must make the most of our resources.
我们必须善于利用我们的资源。
If you cannot have th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e best，make the best of what you have.如果你不能拥有最好的，就把你拥有的变成最好的。
完成句子
①你必须善于利用你的长处。
You must your advantages.
②每种情况都蕴含着一个机会，要想办法最大限度地利用它。
Every situation is an opportunity.See the ways .
【答案】　①make the most/best of　②to make the most/best of it
7．ignore vt.不顾；不理；忽视
It is added ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that while our sense of sight is used too much，our senses of touch and smell have been ignored.(P11)他又说我们过度使用视觉，而忽视了我们的触觉和嗅觉。
It's not a problem that can be ignored.
这不是一个可以忽略的问题。
She ignored him and carried on with her work.
她没理他，继续干她的活。
①ignorance n．无知；愚昧
be in ignorance of...对……无知
②ignorant adj.无知的；无学识的；愚昧的
be ignorant that不知道
be ignorant of/about sth.不知道某事
She was ignorant of his presence.
她不知道他在场。
Do you mean you were in complete ignorance of the fact？你是说这件事你完全不知情吗？
完成句子
①如果你忽视自己的饮食，必然会遇到麻烦。
If you ，trouble will follow.
②他的失败起因于他的无知。
His faiure resulted from .
③我们对你们的计划完全不知情。
We are your plans.
【答案】　①ignore your diet　②his ignorance　③in complete ignorance of
　
观察下列句子，判断画线部分属于哪种名词性从句。
①The truth is that it is too foggy for the bus to run that far.
②She had a feeling that she was being watched by a tall man.
③The possibility that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pleasant smells might reduce pain has recently been suggested by new research.
④It is believed that strong smells can affect the senses.
⑤Scientists are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) interested in whether the sense of smell is related to pain.
⑥One explanation is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that women's sense of smell is better developed than that of men.
⑦Scientists used ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to believe that mothers recognize their children by sight only.
⑧Why pleasant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) smells do not reduce pain in men remains a puzzle for scientists.
[自我总结]　
①⑥属于 ，②③属于 ，④⑧属于 ，⑤⑦属于 。
【答案】　表语从句；同位语从句；主语从句；宾语从句
名词性从句(Ⅰ)
that，if，whether引导的名词性从句
名词性从句相当于名词，可分别作主句的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语、表语、宾语和同位语。因此，名词性从句分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，都不能用逗号与主句分开。
When we will start is not clear.(主语从句)
Mrs Black won't believe that her son has become a thief.(宾语从句)
My idea is that we should do it right now.(表语从句)
I had no idea that you were her friend.(同位语从句)
一、引导名词性从句的连接词
1．连接词：that。无词义，在从句中不作成分，只起连接作用，在宾语从句中有时可省略。
2．连接词：whether， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )if，as if。if，whether，as if有词义，if，whether的意思是“是否”，as if的意思是“似乎，好像”。这三个词在从句中也不作成分，只起连接作用。
whether与if的区别：
whether通常可以引导所有的名词性从句，但是if通常引导宾语从句。
二、主语从句
1．主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。在口语中it作形式主语时，that可以省略。
It doesn't matter so much whether you will come or not.
2．that引导主语从句在句首时，不能省略。
That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
三、表语从句
表语从句是在复合句中作表语的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词性从句，放在系动词之后，一般结构是“主语＋系动词＋表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be，look，seem等。另外，常用的还有The reason is that...等结构。引导表语从句的that一般不省略。
The problem is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whether we can make good preparations in such a short time.
The reason why he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )was late for school is that he missed the early bus.
It looks as if it's going to rain.
当主语是表示“建议、命令、请求”的名词时，其后的表语从句要用虚拟语气，动词形式是should do，should可省略。
My suggestion is that he(should)be sent to the hospital at once.
四、宾语从句
1．宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )名词性从句，通常放在主句谓语动词(及物动词)或介词之后。有些形容词如sure，afraid，anxious，aware，certain，confident，convinced，determined，glad，proud，surprised，worried，sorry，thankful，ashamed，disappointed，annoyed，pleased，satisfied，content等后面也可跟宾语从句。引导宾语从句的连词that一般可以省略，但如果主句谓语动词含有两个或两个以上that引导的宾语从句时，第二个宾语从句及后面的宾语从句的引导词that不可省略。
I hope(that)everything is all right.
I am afraid(that)I've made a mistake.
She promised(that)she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) would come and see him sometimes and that she would never forget him.
2．whether与if都可以引导宾语从句，常可互换。但下面情况不能互换。
(1)宾语从句是否定句时，只用if，不用whether。
I wonder if it doesn't rain.
(2)用if会引起误解时，就要用whether。
Please let me kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w whether you want to go.(此句如果把whether改成if，容易当成条件句理解)
(3)宾语从句中的whether与or not直接连用，就不能换成if；不直接连用时，可换成if。
I don't know whether or not the report is true.
I don't know whether/if the report is true or not.
(4)介词后的宾语从句要用whethe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r引导。whether可与不定式连用。whether也可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句，还可引导让步状语从句，以上均不能换成if。但引导条件状语从句时，只能用if，而不能用whether。
It depends on whether we have enough time.
They don't know whether to go there.
Whether you will accept or not，I should give you my suggestions.
Please come to see me if you have time.
(5)宾语从句提前，要用whether引导。注意对比：
I don't know whether/if he will come.
Whether he will come I don't know.
3．否定转移
若主句的主语是第一人称，谓语动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为think，consider，suppose，believe，expect，guess，imagine等，其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓语用肯定式。
I don't think this dress fits you well.
我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。
4．作“命令、要求、建议”等动词的宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语从句中通常用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成是“should＋动词原形”或省去should，直接用动词原形。这些动词主要有order，suggest，insist，recommend，require，demand，advise等。
She insisted that she not be sent to the countryside.
她坚持不被派到农村去。
但是，如果suggest作“表明、暗示”讲，insist作“坚持说、坚持认为”讲，则其后的宾语从句中应该用陈述语气。
The smile on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his face suggested that he had passed the examination.他脸上的微笑表明他已经通过了考试。
5．doubt和wonder用于肯定结构时， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后面有whether/if引导名词性从句；用于否定结构或疑问结构时，后面用that引导名词性从句。be sure用于肯定句或疑问句时，后接that引导名词性从句；用于否定句时，后接whether/if引导名词性从句。
We doubt whether/if he can win the game.
五、同位语从句
同位语从句就是在复合句中作名词的同位语的名词性从句。
1．同位语从句的功能
同位语从句对某一名词进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容，一般由that引导。
The king's decision ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people.
The order that all th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e soldiers should stay still is given by the general.
被同位语从句解释或说明的名词通常是抽象名词， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常见的有news，fact，idea，suggestion，promise，message，possibility，conclusion，thought，order，report，rumor，word，information，hope，belief等。
2．同位语在句子中的位置
同位语从句有时可以不紧跟在它所说明的名词后面，而是被别的词隔开。
He got the news from Mary that the sports meeting had been put off.
3．同位语从句中被解释说明的是表示“建 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )议、命令、要求”等的名词时，从句的谓语动词用should＋do的形式，should可以省略。这样的名词主要有suggestion，requirement，order，request，demand等。
4．同位语从句与定语从句的区别
(1)定语从句中关系代词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that既代替先行词，同时又在从句中作某个成分(主语或宾语)，而同位语从句中的that是连词，只起连接主句与从句的作用，不充当任何句子成分。
(2)定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是修 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )饰先行词，对先行词加以限定，描述被修饰名词的性质或特征；同位语从句是名词性的，其功能是对名词进行补充说明。
The news that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.他告诉我的消息是汤姆明年将出国。(第一个that引导的是定语从句，that在从句中作表语)
The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.
汤姆将出国的消息是他讲的。(同位语从句，that在从句中不作任何成分)
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料并根据材料得出结论。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，询问别人的观点并发表自己的观点。
(5)掌握叙事性文章的写法。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是通过对两篇文章的学习使学生学会陈述动物如何运用自己的感官。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议从检查上节课作业导入新课。
●教学流程设计
检查上堂课所布置作业。 导入新课。 学生快速阅读课文(见课本第18－19页)并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生共同讨论。师生统一答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案。 让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“文本感知”部分(见学案第14－15页)。 学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　
学生完成“要点讲练”部分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(见学案第15－19页)。 学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第19－20页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )分(见学案第21－22页)。 让学生做“课时作业”。 自我评估(见学案第20页，课本第20页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读课本P18页的内容，完成下列表格(每空1词)
Shark attacks
About sharks ●Nearly 400 types o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f sharks.●About 30 types are reported to have attacked humans.●There types of 1. sharks：the great white shark，the tiger shark and the bull shark.
Three types of shark attack ●The shark 2. you for a fish and attacks you，but when it tastes human flesh，it gives up.●The shark 3. you if it thinks you are fit to be eaten.●The shark waits for you to swim by，and then attacks you all of a 4． .
5. on how to reduce the risk of a shark attack ●Don't swim in the 6. .●Don't swim in the ocean if you have a fresh 7. .●Don't wear bright clothing or jewellery.●Stay in groups.
What to do if a shark attack happens ●Keep calm.Don't get into a 8． .●Hit the shark on the nose with your fist.●9. your finger in the shark's eye.
10. of being attacked by a shark You are 30 ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mes more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.
【答案】　1.dangerous　2.mistakes　3.bites　4.sudden
5．Advice/Suggestions　6.dark/darkness　7.wound
8．panic　9.Stick　10.Chances
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P18的课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statements is TRUE about sharks
A．Among the 4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )00 different types of sharks，only about 40 types attack human beings.
B．The most fierce sharks are the tiger shark and the bull shark.
C．The chance of being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )attacked by sharks is rather small compared to other dangers.
2．Which of the follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing ways can help you out of the attacks from sharks
A．No swimming in the dark，especially alone at night.
B．The fewer people，the fewer chances to attract sharks.
C．Colorful or shining wears.
3． is the way to save you out of a shark attack.
A．To keep still，not to stir or make the shark angry
B．To pull aside the shark's jaws to pull yourself out of its mouth
C．To hit the shark on the nose
4．We can conclude from the passage that .
A．people's scares to sharks mainly come from the movie “Jaws”
B．many people die of drowning and lightning
C．knowing the ways sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arks attack people and the ways to save oneself can prevent the attacks totally
【答案】　1.C　2.A　3.C　4.B
1．distance n．距离；远处；冷淡，疏远
In the distance I cou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld hear thunder and see lightning coming.(P12)我能听到远处雷声以及看见将要到来的闪电。
What's the distanc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e between New York City and Boston/from New York City to Boston
纽约市离波士顿有多远？
The coldness and d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )istance in her voice took me by surprise.她话语中透出的冷淡和疏远使我感到意外。
in the distance在远处
at/from/over a distance隔一段距离
keep one's distance from避开某人，不接近某人
within walking distance很近，走走就到
distant adj.遥远的
His house is within walking distance of the school.
他家离学校只有几步路。
The sounds of music grew fainter in the distance.
音乐声在远处逐渐变得微弱了。
Her father ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vised her to keep her distance from that man.她父亲建议她离那名男子远一点。
完成句子
①雷声在远处隆隆作响。
Thunder growled .
②安喜欢和人保持一定的距离。
Ann likes to keep people .
③两个人之间最短的距离，就是欢笑。
Laughter is between two people.
【答案】　①in the distance　②at a distance　③the shortest distance
2．Now he's no longer hungry，nor am I！(P14)
现在他不再饿了，我也不再饿了！
此句中的nor am I为倒装结构，表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示前面所说的情况no longer hungry也适用于我。so，nor和neither常用于“so/neither/nor＋do/be/have＋主语”这种句式，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一人或物。前面是肯定的句式，用so；前面是否定的句式，用nor或neither。
He is not a doctor.Nor am I.
他不是医生，我也不是。
Times have changed，so have I.
时代变了，我也变了。
【提示】　不论用哪一种，其助动词和时态必须 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和前面句子中的助动词和时态一致。当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语或是既有肯定又有否定形式时，要表示相同情况，必须使用句型So it is with...或It is the same with...，不能使用so或neither/nor引起的倒装句。此句型既可用于肯定句也可用于否定句，陈述两种或两种以上的情况。如：
—Julia likes playing the piano，but she can't play it well.
—So it is with Marala.
完成句子
①——我想和你一起去郊游，但我有一个重要的会议要参加。
—I'd like to go outin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g with you，but I have an important meeting to attend.
——如果你不去，那我也不去了。
— .
②——凯斯不弹钢琴，但她喜欢唱歌。
—Catherine doesn't play the piano，but she likes singing.
——我妹妹也是这样。
— ./ .
③汤姆不喜欢数学，我也是。
Tom doesn't like maths， .
【答案】　①If you don't ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go，nor will I　②It's the same with my sister/So it is with my sister　③nor do I
3．suit n．套装 vt.适合，满足需要
It was a man in a metal suit.(P15)
它是一位穿着金属铠甲的武士。
He changed his overalls for a suit.
他脱下工装裤，换上了一套西服。
That song doesn't suit her voice.
那首歌不适合她的嗓子。
suit sth.to sth.使某物适合于另一事物
be suited for/to...适合……
be suitable for sb./sth.适合于某人/某物
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
It is suitable for me to do this job.
这工作适宜由我来做。
These clothes aren't really suited to a tropical climate.
这些衣服不适合热带气候。
suit/fit/match
suit 通常表示衣物或其他的物品的式样、颜色等适合某人，也指时间、场所、情况适合某人。
fit 通常指衣物、物品大小、形状适合、吻合。
match 表示衣物或物品等放在一起搭配协调。
The seven o'clock train will suit best.
七点的火车最适合。
This suit of clothes fit him perfectly.
这套衣服他穿很合身。
We must find carp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ets that will match/go with the curtains.我们要找到与窗帘相配的地毯。
单项填空
①—How about eight o'clock outside the cinema
—That me fine.
A．fits　　　　　 B．meets
C．satisfies D．suits
【解析】　考查动词辨析。suit sb. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fine(表示时间、场所、情况等)非常适合某人，符合句意。fit指大小、形状合适；meet遇见，会面；satisfy使……满意。
【答案】　D
②Her shoes her dress；they look very well together.
A．suit B．fit
C．compare D．match
【解析】　句意：她的鞋子与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )她的裙子很相配。match意为“相配，搭配”，符合句意。suit适合；fit(大小、形状)适合；compare比较。
【答案】　D
4．attach vt.使连在一起，把……附在……上；认为……重要
During the oper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation，Mr Liu had a new hand attached.(P16)在手术期间，刘先生接受了手移植。
I think you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )should attach a label to each piece of luggage.我认为你应该在每件行李上都贴上一个标签。
This hospital is attached to the medical college nearby.
这家医院附属于附近的那所医学院。
attach importance to重视；给……以重视，认为……有重要意义
attach to把……附上
attach oneself to/be attached to参加；属于
be attached to依恋；喜欢；爱慕
It is unwise to attach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) too much importance to the information.过于重视那个消息是不明智的。
We are much attached to each other.
我们之间感情深厚。
单项填空
①Parents much importance to education.They will do their best to give their children that priceless gift.
A．attach B．pay
C．link D．apply
【解析】　考查动词的词义辨析。句意：父 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )母重视教育。他们尽最大努力给孩子们(教育)这个贵重的礼物。attach importance to重视，给……以重视；link to有关系，联系；apply to申请，应用，适用，专心于。所以选A项。
【答案】　A
完成句子
②她在信封上贴上一枚邮票，然后寄了出去。
She a stamp the envelope and mailed it.
【答案】　attached；to
5．work out 制定出；锻炼(身体)；算出；解决
Mr Liu's doctor has worked out a safe treatment plan for him.(P16)
刘先生的医生给他制订了一个安全的治疗计划。
I have worked out your share of the expenses is $10.
我已计算出你应分摊的费用是10美元。
Can you work out the problem
你能解决这个问题吗？
Mr.White keeps fit by working out for half an hour every morning.
怀特先生每天早晨锻炼半个小时以保持身体健康。
【教师备课资源】
“动词＋out”短语小聚：
break out爆发
make out理解，弄清楚
let out泄露，放出
come out出版，出来
find out查出，查明
figure out算出，弄清楚
try out试用，试验
turn out结果是，生产
leave out省略，删掉
give out散发，分发，用完
hand out分配，散发
单项填空
①We had wanted t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o finish our task by noon，but it didn't quite as planned.
A．find out B．give out
C．hand out D．work out
【解析】　句意：我们本想在中午之前完成任务，但事情并没有我们计划的那么顺利。work out成功地发展，符合句意。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
②这道数学题如此难以至于我们班没有人能把它计算出来。
【答案】　The math pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blem is so hard that no one can work it out in our class.
6．whisper vi & vt.小声说；私下说
‘My goodness，’Sandy whispered，as she stepped back.(P17)“天啊，”桑迪边后退边低语。
Dad whispered a warning to us to keep quiet.
爸爸低声警告我们要保持安静。
whisper (sth.)to sb.对某人小声说(某事)
whisper about sb./sth.密谈某人/某事
whisper (to sb.)that...(对某人)小声说……
It is whispered that...有人私下说……
in a whisper/in whispers低声说
What are you whispering about？你们在小声说什么？
He whispered to me that he was afraid.
他低声对我说他害怕。
They talked with ea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch other in a whisper/in whispers in the corner.他们在那个角落里低声交谈。
单项填空
①His aunt seemed to be sleeping.The young man
to his uncle for fear of waking her up.
A．screamed B．shouted
C．explained D．whispered
【解析】　句意：他姑姑好像在睡觉，那 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个年轻人怕把她吵醒，所以他小声地跟他叔叔说话。根据for fear of waking her up可知D项切题，whisper低声说，小声说，耳语。
【答案】　D
②He told us whispers that someone was moving around upstairs.
A．at B．in
C．with D．by
【解析】　句意：他小声告诉我们楼上有人在走动。in whispers(＝in a whisper)小声地，为固定搭配。
【答案】　B
7．contrary adj.相反的 n．相反的事实或情况；对立面
Contrary to wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at many people might assume，evidence shows that sharks seldom attack humans.(P18)与许多人可能会认为的正好相反，证据显示鲨鱼很少攻击人类。
Contrary to popular belief，many cats dislike milk.
与普通的看法相反，许多猫不喜欢牛奶。
“Black”and“white”are contrary terms.
黑和白是两个相对的概念。
Quite the contrary，I don't find him funny at all.
正相反，我觉得他一点儿也不可笑。
contrary to与……相反
on the contrary正相反
to the contrary相反(的)，与此相反(的)
—It must have been terrible.那一定很糟糕。
—On the contrary，I enjoyed every minute.
恰恰相反，我非常喜欢。
Show me some evidence to the contrary.
给我看看有什么相反的证据吧。
完成句子
①没有相反的证据。
There is no evidence .
②他们持相反的观点。
They hold .
③这是违反自然规律的。
It's the law of nature.
【答案】　①to the contrary　②contrary views　③contrary to
8．attract vt.吸引；引起……的注意
Do not wear bright cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )othing or jewellery，because sharks are attracted to the flash of colours and bright objects.(P18)不要穿鲜亮的衣服或佩戴珠宝首饰，因为鲨鱼会被颜色或明亮物体的闪光所吸引。
Such a life does not attract me.
这样的生活吸引不了我。
①attract...to...把……吸引到……
feel attracted to感到对……有吸引力
attract/draw one's attention吸引某人注意
②attraction n．吸引
have attraction for对……有吸引力
attraction to sb.某人的吸引力
His speech attracted the attention of the audience.
他的演说吸引了听众的注意。
What do you think attracts people to big cities
你认为什么原因把人们吸引到大城市来？
Do you feel attracted to her
你认为你对她有吸引力吗？
完成句子
①花吸引蜜蜂。
Flowers .
②这部电影对我没有什么吸引力。
The film me.
【答案】　①attract bess　②has very little attraction for
9．panic vi.& n．惊慌，恐慌
Keep calm.Do not panic.(P18)
保持冷静，不要惊慌失措。
The thunder panicked the horse.
雷声使马受惊了。
Don't panic，boys；there's no danger.
不要慌，孩子们；没有危险。
panic over/about/at...因……而恐慌
panic sb.into doing sth.使某人惊慌地做……
get into a panic＝be thrown into a panic
使陷入惊慌状态
in(a)panic惊慌失措地
She got into a real p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anic when she thought she'd lost the ticket.她十分惊慌，以为自己把入场券弄丢了。
People are fleeing the area in panic.
人们正惊慌失措地逃离该地区。
Shoppers are panicke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d into buying things they don't need.购物者因恐慌抢购一些他们并不需要的东西。
单项填空
①“Tommy，run！Be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quick！The house is on fire！”the mother shouted，with clearly in her voice.
A．anger B．rudeness
C．regret D．panic
【解析】　句意：“汤米， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )快跑！房子着火了！”妈妈喊道，声音里明显充满了惊恐。anger愤怒，气愤；rudeness粗鲁；regret悔恨，后悔；panic惊恐，惊慌。D项符合语境。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
②他们很惊慌，我们得让他们冷静下来。
③听到这个消息后很多人陷入了恐慌。
【答案】　②They are in a p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )anic；we have to calm them down.　③Lots of people got into a panic at the news.
10．Don't be frightene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d by sharks：you are 30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than be attacked by a shark.(P18)不要怕鲨鱼，你被雷电击中的可能性要比被鲨鱼进攻的可能性大30倍。
(1)句中30 times more likely to be hit by lightning than是倍数表达法的具体运用。
The river is three times longer than that one.
这条河比那条河大三倍。
常见的倍数结构有：
①A is...times＋bigger(longer...)than B
②A is...times as＋形容词原级(big/long/wide/high，etc.)as B
③A is...times＋the size (length/width/height，etc.)of B
This table is three times as big as that one.
＝This table is three times the size of that one.
＝This table is twice bigger than that one.
这张桌子是那张桌子的3倍大。
完成句子
①亚洲是欧洲的四倍大。
Asia is large Europe.
②亚洲比欧洲大三倍。
Asia is three times Europe.
③那新楼是旧楼的四倍大。
The new building is the old one.
【答案】　①four times as；as　②larger than　③four times the size of
(2)likely adj.可能的 adv.很可能
Tickets are likely to be expensive.入场券可能很贵。
It's likely that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the thieves don't know how much it is worth.盗贼很可能不知道此物的价值。
sb./sth.＋be likely to do sth.某人/某物有可能做某事
it＋be likely that...……是有可能的
not likely才不呢，绝不可能
Me？Join the army？Not likely！我？参军？不可能！
What is the likeliest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/the most likely time to find him in the office？什么时候最有可能在办公室里找到他？
likely/probable/possible
三者均表示“可能的”，可能性由大到小依次为：probable＞likely＞possible
possible
likely
probable It is probable that...
It is probable/possi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ble/likely that the weather will be cloudy.天可能会转阴。
用不同句型翻译句子
他可能明天去北京开会。
④
⑤
⑥
【答案】　④It is lik ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ely/possible/probable that he will go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow.　⑤It is possible for him to go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow.　⑥He is likely to go to Beijing for a meeting tomorrow.
11．During both W ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orld War ⅠandⅡ，pigeons were employed by armies to carry messages to and from the front lines，saving the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories.(P19)在第一次世界大战和第二次世界大战期间，鸽子被军方用来和前线往返传递消息，挽救了许多士兵的生命，甚至帮助赢得了一些重要的胜利。
(1)employ vt.使用；雇佣
They employed five waiters.他们雇用了五个招待员。
How do you employ your spare time
你怎么利用你的业余时间？
employ sb. as...雇佣某人任……职位
employ sb.to do sth.雇佣某人做某事
employ oneself in (doing) sth.
＝be employed in(doing) sth.从事于/忙于(做)某事
He employed the girl as a typist.
他雇用那女孩当打字员。
He employed his spare time in reading.
他利用空闲时间看书。
He employs himself in reading after work.
下班以后，他把时间花在看书上。
完成句子
①The final exam is jus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t around the corner.All the students .(正忙着为考试做准备)
②For the past three years he (受雇) a policeman.
【答案】　①are employed in preparing for the exam
②has been employed as
(2)句中现在分词短语saving ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the lives of many soldiers and even helping win some important victories作状语，表示自