【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版必修三教师用书Unit 3　Back to the past

Unit 3　Back to the past
【美文阅读】
Exploring the lost civilizations of the world
在地球上，存在着各种各样没落的文明。其中既有神秘莫测的金字塔文明，又有消失的各种古城文明。众多的古城遗址究竟在哪里呢？一起来探索一下吧！
Some of them nestle( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )半隐半现地处于)in the jungle on a mountain.Some of them are found in the middle of a modern city.The remains of these lost civilizations are just waiting to be explored!
Machu Picchu(马丘比丘)is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the lost city of the Incas(印加文明)．Over the centuries，the city was covered in dense jungle，but in 1911，the explorer Hiram Bingham rediscovered the city in Peru and brought it to the world's attention.
Tikal(蒂卡尔)may be the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oldest of the Mayan cities.Located in northern Guatemala(危地马拉)，the sites of Tikal National Park became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1979.According to historical research，the population of Tikal changed from 10,000 to as high as 90,000，making it one of the largest centers and archaeological(考古学的)sites of the Mayan civilization.The city was deserted in 900 AD when the Maya moved elsewhere.
Mohenjo Daro( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )摩亨左达罗)is an important city of Harappan civilization(哈拉帕文明)．The city dates back to 2600 BC，making it one of the world's earliest major archaeological sites.After it was discovered in 1922 in Pakistan，people were surprised to find that there was a sewage system(污水处理系统)in the city.
There is an underwa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ter city of Yonaguni(与那国)in Japan.Off the southern shore of Okinawa，some huge stone structures lie under 20 to 100 feet of water.Many people believe they have been built by some ancient civilization.
【诱思导学】
完成下面表格(每空一词)
Lost Cities Locations Civilizations
Machu Picchu 1. Incan civilization
Tikal Guatemala 2. civilization
Mohenjo Daro 3. 4. civilization
Underwater city of Yonaguni 5. Some ancient civilization
【答案】　1.Peru　2.Mayan　3.Pakistan　4.Harappan　5.Japan
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本课时主要讲述人类消失的文明，其中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阅读部分是一名加拿大学生记叙的在意大利的庞贝和中国的楼兰两地的旅行见闻及感受。以日记的方式让人身临其境，更好地体现单元中心话题。教师要利用课文培养学生阅读日记的技巧；培养学生有效运用阅读策略的能力；提高阅读能力。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
1)从建筑谈起，用多媒体展示学生熟知的中国文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )化的代表性建筑，如：故宫、颐和园、天坛等古代建筑，并扩展到谈论世界文化，使学生易于接受。2)教师利用多媒体播放古代建筑的图画，使学生对人类古代文明产生直观的感性认识。有利于调动学生的学习兴趣。3)呈现本单元的部分词汇。为熟悉本课的词汇和内容作铺垫。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。 学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第45页)。 学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生再次阅读课文(课本第4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2－43页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第46页)。 师生共同讨论并统一答案。 让学生快速阅读课文，(见课本42－43页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第46页)。
　　　　　
学生共同讨论，并让学生发 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生再次仔细阅读课文，(课本42－43 页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第46页)。 老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第47页)。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。 让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第46－47页)。
　　　　　
老师布置作业，让学生完成课本第44页C1，C2，D1，D2四题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第47－53页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P42～43的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空1词)
Lost civilizations
Day 1(15th July) Planing to visit Po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mpeii and Loulan，both of which became lost 1. a long time ago
Day 2(16th July) Attending a 2. and learning more about the history of Pompeii－when it was 3. ，when and how it disappeared
Day 3(17th July) ●Visiting Pompeii，wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ich was forgotten for many years●Seeing several houses 4. with wall paintings and the bodies of people who failed to 5. when the volcano 6.
Day 10(24th July) Visiting Loulan，a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )7. point on the famous Silk Road between the East and the West，which was covered by 8. from AD 200 to AD 400
Day 11(25th July) ●Getting more infor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mation about Loulan by listening to Professor Zhang●Seeing lots of things that the city had，including the water 9. ●Learning about the causes that 10. in the city's disappearance
【答案】　1.civiliza ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tions　2.lecture　3.founded　4.decorated　5.flee/escape　6.erupted　7.stopping　8.sandstorms　9.system　10.resulted
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P42～43的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．Which is the order of the trip route
a．Italy　　b．Pompeii　　c．Loulan
A．a，b，c　　　B．a，c，b　　　C．b，a，c
2．Among the following statements，which is TRUE about Pompeii
A．It was once a rich city of Italy.
B．It was buried abo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut 2000 years ago，but now it has restored its prosperity.
C．It was buried on 24th August A．D.89.
3．From the view of the Pompeii city，we can see .
A．the whole city was well designed at that time
B．the ever existing civilization and development of the city
C．both A and B
4．Which of the follow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing is the leading cause of Loulan's being deserted
A．Ash and rocks.
B．Sandstorms.
C．The perdition(毁灭)of the natural environment around.
5．Pompeii and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Loulan are almost the same in many ways except that .
A．they once were th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e most flourish cities in the world，but now deserted ones
B．they were all destroyed directly by the force of nature
C．they were found by peasants
【答案】　1.A　2.A　3.C　4.C　5.C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词的适当形式完成课文缩写
gradually；pour；civi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lization；unfortunate；erupt；ruin；but；lecture；found；flee
I felt lucky to win ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the chance to take the trip to Pompeii and Loulan，both of which became lost 1. long ago.
Before visiting Pompeii, we attended a 2.
about the ancient Roma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n city, which was 3. in the 8th century BC.On 24th August AD 79，the volcano，which was near the city, 4. and lava, ash and rocks
5. out of it.All the people who failed to 6.
were buried alive，and so was the city.How 7. ！
After several days ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of traveling, we arrived in Loulan.This was a small, 8. commercial city which existed about 2,000 years ago.It is believed to have been
9. covered o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver by sandstorms.Around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the
10. of the Loulan Kingdom.
【答案】　1.civilizations ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　2.lecture　3.founded 　4.erupted　5.poured　6.flee　7.unfortunate　8.but　9.gradually　10.ruins
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．disaster　　A．blow up or burst
2．gradually B．a paper that gives information
3．ruin C．great misfortune
4．beneath D．happening slowly, not suddenly
5．explode E．escape；leave quickly
6．remains F．below；directly under
7．document G．destroy
8．flee H．parts that are left
【答案】　1.C　2.D　3.G　4.F　5.A　6.H　7.B　8.E
Ⅱ.短语填空
break down；take o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ver；pour out；turn out；result in；decorate...with...；run through；put...under protection
1．I have the columns of the newspaper.
2．Carefully and slowly he the beer .
3．The virus caused the computer to and it needed repairing.
4．As had been expe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cted，his youngest daughter his company after he retired.
5．On important occasions，the schools
balloons，ribbons and flowers.
6．The historical and cultural relics of this area have been .
【答案】　1.run through　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.poured；out　3.break down　4.took over　5.are decorated with　6.put under protection
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Next week we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are flying to China，and going to Loulan，which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert.
下周我们将飞往中国，前往楼兰——众所周知的“沙漠中的中国庞贝”。
2．Many people were buried alive，and so was the city.How unfortunate!
许多人被活埋了，整座城市也一样。多么不幸呀！
3．People star ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted to dig in the area for treasure，which caused much damage.
人们开始在这个地区挖掘金银财宝，造成了很大的破坏。
4．Near the city was a volcano.
在城市附近有一座火山。
5．A saying goes that Rome wasn't built in a day.
俗话说“罗马非一日建成”。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次地理解课文，再通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
●教学地位
学生需要打好牢固的基础，对本单元里的重点单词、短语及句型的用法牢牢掌握，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师可以以检查上堂课所布置的作业导入课堂。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第47－53页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生再次阅读课文(课本第 42－43 页) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　
让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第53页)。 布 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )置作业。让学生完成课本第 45 页 E、F题，“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第53－59页)。
1．①I feel luck ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y to have won a place on this trip.(P42)能够赢得这次旅行的一个名额，我感到自己很幸运。
②I am so excited to be here！(P43)来到这里我很兴奋！
(1)句①中情感类形容词luck ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y后接不定式短语的完成式to have won a place on this trip作原因状语，不定式动作发生在谓语动作之前，所以用了动词不定式的完成式；句②中情感类形容词excited后接不定式短语to be here作原因状语。
We shall be very happ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y to cooperate with you in this project.能在此项目中与你们合作，我们非常高兴。
He is very happy fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r his son to have made such great progress.儿子取得了非常大的进步，他高兴坏了。(不定式的逻辑主语与句子主语不一致，不定式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前)
I am willing to help you.
我很乐意帮助你。
Lisa was sorry to have done that to him.
对他做了那样的事，莉萨觉得很后悔。
完成句子
①对不起，让你久等了。
I'm sorry to .
②很荣幸应邀来到这里。
I'm glad here.
③见到你我很高兴。
I'm glad .
【答案】　①have kept you waiting　②to be invited here ③to meet you
2．Next week we ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e flying to China，and going to Loulan，which is known as China's Pompeii in the desert.(P42)下周我们将飞往中国，前往楼兰——众所周知的“沙漠中的中国庞贝”。
句中are flying是用现在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )进行时表将来，表示按计划或安排要发生的动作，这种用法仅限于少数动词，如arrive，come，go，have，start，leave，stay，fly，move等。
Bob is going with me to the airport.
鲍勃将和我一起去机场。
He is leaving for London next week.
他下周要去伦敦。
They are moving to the new house next month.
他们将于下月迁入新居。
翻译句子
①他明天下午到这个城市。
②你何时动身去上海？
③飞机就要起飞了。
【答案】　①He is arrivi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng in this city tomorrow afternoon.　②When are you leaving for Shanghai
③The plane is taking off.
3．take over接管，接任；占领，夺取；占上风
In 89 BC，the Romans took over Pompeii.(P42)
公元前89年，罗马人占据了庞贝。
He took over his father's company last week.
上周他接管了他父亲的公司。
The area was taken over by the enemy.
那个区域已经被敌人占领了。
take up拿起；占据(时间，空间)；从事，继续
take down拿下，取下；记下
take off脱掉；(飞机)起飞；取得成功
take in吸收，理解；欺骗
take on呈现；雇用
The desk takes up too much room.
这张桌子太占地方。
We find it difficult to take in what he teaches.
我们发现他教的东西很难理解。
He took off his glasses and looked up.
他取下眼镜，抬头看了看。
Her face took on a new expression.
她的脸上露出了新的表情。
【教师备课资源】
take after与……相似
take apart拆开(机器等)
take away拿走；夺走
take down取下；记下；拆卸
take for认为；误认为
take to开始；对……产生好感；形成……习惯
take out拿出；去掉；扣除
take back收回(说错的话)；使回忆起
用适当的介、副词填空
①He is taking my job while I am on holiday.
②Our plane takes at 8 o'clock.
③When he left school，he took painting for a while.
④You should take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) what the teacher will say in the next class.
⑤The company decided to take a new secretary.
【答案】　①over　②off　③up　④down　⑤on
4．Near the city was a volcano.(P42)
在城市附近有一座火山。
本句是倒装句。当句首为表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )示地点的副词或介词短语，且谓语动词是be，stand，sit，lie，come等动词时，为了保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，常使用倒装结构。
At the foot of the mountain stands a temple.
山脚下有一座寺庙。
Inside the bag is a cell phone.
包里是一部手机。
In front of the house sits an old woman.
一位老太太坐在房前。
【提示】　如果主语是代词，则不需要倒装。
Away they went.他们走了。
Here he comes.他来了。
完成句子
①她左边坐着她的丈夫。
On her left .
②有个老渔夫住在河对岸。
Beyond the river .
③你要的书在这儿。
Here .
【答案】　①sat her husband　②lives an old fisherman
③is the book you want
5．pour vi.涌流，倾泻 vt.倒出(液体)
...the volcano er ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )upted and lava，ash and rocks poured out of it onto the surrounding countryside.(P42)
……火山喷发，熔岩、灰和岩石从中大量涌出，进入周围的乡村。
It never rains but it pours.不雨则已，一雨倾盆。
Tears poured down his cheeks.
眼泪顺着他的面颊簌簌地落下。
Thick smoke was pouring out of the roof.
浓烟从屋顶滚滚地冒出。
pour in涌入 pour down倾泻
pour into/out of...涌入/出……
pour sth.for sb.＝pour sb.sth.给某人倒……
pour oil on flames火上浇油
Letters of complaint continue to pour in.
投诉信纷至沓来。
I've poured ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you a cup of tea./I've poured a cup of tea for you.我给你倒了一杯茶。
完成句子
①那位歌星的粉丝们满面笑容地涌入了体育场。
Fans of the singe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r the stadium with big smiles on their faces.
②你为什么总是火上浇油呢？
Why do you always ？
③倾盆大雨下了几个小时。
The rain for hours.
④她往我杯子里倒酒。
She my glass.
【答案】　①poured into　②pour oil on flames
③poured down　④ poured wine into
6．Many people we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re buried alive，and so was the city.(P42)许多人都被活埋了，整座城市也被掩埋了。
(1)句中alive是形容词，意为“活的”，在句中作主语补足语。
We are very surprised to hear that this old man caught a lion alive.
听说这位老人活捉了一头狮子，我们都很吃惊。
We found the snake alive.我们发现这蛇是活的。
alive/living/live/lively
alive adj.“活着的”，可修饰人或物，用作表语(此时可与living互换)、宾补和后置定语，不能用作前置定语。
living adj.“有生命的，活着的”，多作表语和前置定语，可修饰人或物；还可作名词，意为“生计”。
live adj.“活生生的，直播的，现场的”，只用作前置定语，一般只修饰物，不指人；还可作副词，意为“以直播方式”。
lively adj.“活泼的，生动的”，可用作表语、定语，指人或物。
This is a live/living fish＝This is a fish alive.
这是一条活鱼。
The fish is still alive/living.那条鱼还活着。
Young children are usually lively.
小孩子们通常是活泼的。
选词填空：alive/living/live/lively
①A perso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n is full of energy and is always doing things actively.
②Doctors kept him on a life support machine.
③Her dream was to earn her as a singer.
④Millions of animals are shipped around the world each year.
⑤The enemy officer was caught .
【答案】　①lively　②alive　③living　④live/living　⑤alive
(2)句中的so was the city意思为“整座城市也是如此”，构成“so＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”的结构，其用法如下：
“so＋be/助动词/情态 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词＋主语”的结构，常用来表示与上句有相同的情况或动作，其中so代表上句所述的情况或动作，意为“……也是这样/如此”。一般情况下，上下两句的主语不一样，但上下句的谓语动词必须保持同类，时态保持一致(除特殊情况外)，而句中谓语动词的人称、数则与本句主语一致。
He is tired，and so am I．他累了，我也累了。
You finished your homework，and so did he.
你完成了家庭作业，他也完成了。
You can speak English.So can I.
你会说英语。我也会。
①“so＋主语(同一个)＋助动词/情态动词/be动词”结构表示对前面情况的肯定。
②“neither/nor＋助动词/情态动词/be动词＋主语(另一个)”表示前面所述的否定情况也适用于后者。
③“It is the same with＋另一个主语”/“So it is with＋另一个主语”主要用于以下三种情况：
—Li Hua will go to America for further education.
李华要到美国去深造。
—So she will.She is leaving for America in two days.
是的，她两天后就出发去美国。
If you don't go to see the movie，neither will I.
如果你不去看电影，我也不去。
Liu Ming studie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s English，but he doesn't study German.It is the same with Li Hua.
刘明学英语，但他不学德语。李华的情况也是如此。
Mike is from America b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut he can speak Chinese very well.It is the same with John.
迈克来自美国，但他汉语说得很好。约翰也是如此。
Susan is an Englis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h girl，and Bath is her homeland.It is the same with Jane.苏珊是个英国女孩，巴斯是她的故乡。简的情况也一样。
单项填空
⑥—I often walk home after school.
— .
A．So she is　　　 B．So is she
C．So she does D．So does she
【解析】　so＋助动词＋另一主语。前句所述肯定情况也适用于另一主语，并且so后的助动词须同前一句的谓语动词保持一致，故选D。
【答案】　D
⑦If Joe's wife won't go to the party， .
A．he will either B．neither will he
C．he neither will D．either he will
【解析】　neither ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＋助动词＋主语，前句所述否定情况也适用于另一个人并且if引导的条件状语从句，从句的谓语用一般现在时，won't为情态动词/will的否定式，主句的谓语用一般将来时，故选B。
【答案】　B
7．The city w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as forgotten for many years until the 18th century when a farmer discovered a stone with writing on it.(P42)
这座城市被世人遗忘了很多年，直到18世纪，有一个农夫偶然发现了一块写着文字的石头。
此句中含有一个with的复合结构“w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith writing on it”，在句中作定语，修饰a stone。with复合结构在句中可作定语或状语。作状语时，常表示伴随情况、方式或原因等。
There was a letter for Liu Ling on the desk with a Swiss stamp on it.
桌子上有刘玲的一封信，信封上面有一张瑞士的邮票。
She said good bye with tears in her eyes.
她含着眼泪说了声再见。
with复合结构指的是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构。在句中可作定语或状语。作状语时，常表示伴随情况、方式、条件、原因等。
宾语补足语通常有以下几种形式：形容词、副词、名词、介词短语、现在分词(短语)、过去分词(短语)、不定式(短语)。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl.
他去世时，女儿还是个小学生。
I won't be able to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go on holiday with my mother being ill.因为妈妈有病，我无法去度假。
All the afternoon he worked with the door locked.
整个下午他都锁着门在房里工作。
完成句子
①He was asleep (头枕在胳膊上)．
②He often sleeps (开着窗户)．
③ (有这么多人帮忙)，we are sure to finish it on time.
【答案】　①with his head ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on his arms　②with the windows open　③With so many people to help us
8．When I walked aro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und the city，I saw streets just as they had been，with stepping stones along the road so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days！(P42)走在古城中，我看到原样保存下来的街道，上面铺满了踏脚石，这样，每逢下雨天，行人就可以不用踩着街道上的泥巴了！
该句是一个比较复杂的主从复合句，when I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) walked around the city是一个时间状语从句，I saw streets just as they had been是主句，其中as they had been在句中作方式状语，with stepping stones along the road是with的复合结构作定语修饰前面句中的streets。so you did not have to step in the mud on rainy days！是一个结果状语从句。
此处as they had been意为“按照原样”。as用作连词，意为“依照；按照；正如；像”，引导一个状语从句。
We'd better lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve things as they are until the police arrive.在警察来到以前，我们最好保持现场原样。
You look beautiful as you were 10 years ago.
你看上去和十年前一样漂亮。
【教师备课资源】
as it is事实上；实际情况是；已经
They hope to fini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh the kitchen by Friday，but as it is they'll probably have to come back next week.
他们希望星期五把厨房建完，但事实上，他们很可能下周还得回来。
Just keep quiet；you've enough trouble as it is.
安静点，你的麻烦已经够多了。
as it were可以说是
He is like a brother to me，as it were.
可以说，他对我就像是个哥哥。
完成句子
①我已按你建议的那样改了。
I have changed it .
②就让桌子保持那个样子吧。
Leave the table .
③请按我说的那样做。
Please do it .
【答案】　①as you suggested　②as it is　③as I told you
9．decorate vt.装饰，装潢
...I saw sever ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al houses which were decorated with wall paintings.(P43)
……我看见了好几所装饰有壁画的房子。
After the house is bui ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lt，how much will it cost to decorate？房子造好后装修要花多少钱呢？
The cake was decorated to look like a car.
蛋糕被装饰得看上去像辆汽车。
decorate...with...用……装饰/装修……
decoration n．装饰，装修
She decorated her room with some decorations.
她用一些装饰品装饰了她的房间。
单项填空
the window I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )saw the girl's room was decorated small moons and small stars.
A．On；by B．Through；with
C．From；by D．Into；with
【解析】　句意：透过窗户，我看到女孩的房间装饰着小月亮和星星。through透过，穿过；be decorated with用……装饰……。
【答案】　B
10．It turns out that a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fter the ash covered the people who failed to flee the city，their bodies nearly completely broke down and disappeared，leaving empty spaces in the ash.(P48)原来，火山灰覆盖了没能逃离城市的人之后，他们的身体几乎完全分解了，只在火山灰里留下了人形空当。
(1)turn out 结果是；最后情况是
In case the day ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) turns out wet，we may have to change our plans.万一下雨的话，我们也许得改变计划。
The party turned out to be very successful.
晚会开得很成功。
turn out到场，出席；制造，生产；关(灯等)
It turns out that...结果
turn out＋n./adj./adv./to be 结果是……
His oldest son turned out a thief.
结果他的大儿子是个贼。
It turned out that he was George's father.
结果他是乔治的父亲。
The noise turned out to be the dog scratching at the door.结果那声音是狗在刨门。
He turned out all the lights and left the room.
他把所有的灯都关掉了，离开了那个房间。
【教师备课资源】
turn的相关短语
turn about 转身，向后转
turn against 与……反目
turn round/around 转身，调头；使(企业、经济等)好转
turn away 拒绝进入
turn back 返回，往回走
turn down 关小(音量等)；拒绝
turn in 上交
turn into (使)成为；翻译成
turn off 关掉(电器、水龙头等)
turn over 翻身，翻转
turn to 翻到；求助于，求教于
turn up 出现，到场，出席；调大(音量等)
用turn out翻译句子
①结果考试相当容易。
②人们到场观看比赛。
③这家工厂生产自行车。
④结果这个方法不能很好起作用。
【答案】　①The examination turned out quite easy.
②People turne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d out to watch the match.　③This factory turns out bicycles.　④It turns out that this method does not work well.
(2)flee(fled，fled)vt.& vi.逃避；逃跑；迅速离开
During the civil w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ar thousands of people fled the country.在内战期间成千上万的人逃离了这个国家。
flee away逃离
flee (from)从……逃离；避免
flee to逃到
flee(from)responsibility逃避责任
When the bombing sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rted，people fled to places of safety.轰炸开始时，人们逃到了安全地带。
Why does she alwa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys flee(from)any kind of responsibility？她为什么总是逃脱任何一种责任？
完成句子
⑤他从不一见危险就跑。
He never at the first sight of danger.
⑥所有的动物都逃离了火场。
All the animals .
⑦她脸上的笑容消失了。
The smile .
【答案】　⑤flees away　⑥fled(from)the fire　⑦fled from her face
11．It is believed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to have been gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.(P43)
很多人相信，它是在公元200年至400年之间被风沙渐渐覆盖了。
此句中的It is beli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eved to have been...结构中的it不是形式主语，而是代词，指代前面的This commercial city，也就是Loulan。本句也可以转换为下面的句型：It is believed that it(this commercial city)was gradually covered over by sandstorms from AD 200 to AD 400.
They are believed to have discussed the problem.
人们相信他们已经讨论过这个问题了。
They are believed to have landed in America.
人们相信他们已经到达了美国。
It is believed t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat he will arrive on time.＝He is believed to arrive on time.人们相信他将准时到达。
It is said that...＝sb./sth.be said to do据说……
It is reported that...＝sb./sth.be reported to do
据报道……
It is guessed that...＝sb./sth.be guessed to do
据猜测……
It is reported that all the passengers died in the plane crash.
据报道，在这次坠机事故中，所有的乘客都遇难了。
It is said that we will have two weeks' holiday this year.
据说今年我们将有两个星期的假期。
完成句子
①据说他已经离开上海去广州了。
He is said to Shanghai for Guangzhou.
＝It he has left Shanghai for Guangzhou.
②据说游泳是最健康的运动。
Swimming is the healthiest form of exercise.
＝It swimming is the healthiest form of exercise.
【答案】　①have left；is said that　②said to be；is said that
12．ruin n．废墟；毁坏 vt.破坏，毁灭；破产
A scholar from the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) local cultural institute，Professor Zhang，told us that around the year 1900 the European explorer Sven Hedin discovered the ruins of the Loulan Kingdom.(P43)当地文化研究所的一位专家张教授告诉我们，是100年前瑞典的斯文·海定发现了楼兰王国的遗迹。
The news meant the ruin of all our hopes.
这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了。
People had built shelters among the ruins of the city.
人们在城市的废墟上盖起了避难所。
The island has been ruined by tourism.
该岛毁在了旅游业上。
be in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
fall into ruin灭亡，荒芜
ruin oneself自取灭亡
ruin one's health/fame毁坏某人的健康/名誉
The earthquake left the whole town in ruins.
那次地震过后，全城到处是残垣断壁。
The castle has fallen into ruin.
那座城堡已经荒芜了。
Heavy smoking ruined his health.
吸烟过量毁了他的健康。
destroy/damage/ruin
destroy 常指彻底破坏，以致不能或很难修复，常作“破坏、毁灭”讲，也可指“希望、计划”等破灭；
damage vt.& n．，指部分损坏或使用价值有所降低；作名词时常和to sth.连用；
ruin vt.& n．，多指自然因素对建筑 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物、动植物、城镇等带来严重破坏，破坏的后果往往是事物丧失价值；也可指使假期、希望、梦想、前程等美好的事物尽毁或严重危害健康等。
The bridge was damaged by the flood.
那座桥被洪水破坏了。
He has destroyed my hope.他破坏了我的希望。
The earthquake destroyed a lot of buildings.
地震破坏了许多楼房。
The storm ruined the crops.暴风雨毁坏了庄稼。
选词填空：damage/destroy/ruin
①Smoking a little ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )can also your health，so you'd better drop it.
②The heavy rain our plan of having a football match.
③After the earthquake，the city was completely in .
④Zhang Jian his car in the accident，but he has had it repaired now.
【答案】　①damage/ruined　②destroyed/ruined
③ruins　④damaged
13．remains n．遗迹；遗物；遗骸
Sven found the remains of buildings buried beneath the sand，...(P43)
斯文发现了埋在沙漠之中的楼兰王国的遗迹，……
We found the remains of a meal on the table.
我们在桌上发现了剩下的饭菜。
His remains are buried in the churchyard.
他的尸体埋葬在教堂的墓地里。
remain vi.留下；剩下；停留；依旧，仍然是(用作系动词，后接形容词、名词、分词和介词短语)
remaining adj.剩下的，剩余的
Much remained to be done.
还有许多事有待去做。
Little of the building remained after the fire.
火灾后这座大楼几乎没有什么剩下的了。
Although he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has taken lots of medicine，his health remains poor.尽管吃了很多药，他的身体依然很虚弱。
She used the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )remaining 50 dollars to buy her mother a skirt.她用剩下的五十美元给她妈妈买了一条裙子。
remain/stay
remain 两词意思相近，常可互换使用。指继续逗留，或者物体保持原来的形态。
stay 侧重暂时停留某地。
remaining/left
remaining 两词都意为“剩余的”。remaining作前置定语。
left 作后置定语
完成句子
①Please (呆)here till I return.
②He used his (剩余的)money to buy a book.
③There is no books (剩下的)on the shelf.
④Only the shell of the building (留下来)after the explosion.
【答案】　①remain/stay　②remaining　③left　④remained
14．explode vt.& vi(使)爆炸；爆发；突发
Then，on 24 August，the mountain exploded，...(P45)
然后，在8月24日，这座山爆炸了，……
When the boiler ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )exploded，many people were hurt by the steam.锅炉爆炸时，许多人被蒸汽烫伤了。
They exploded the first atom bomb.
他们爆炸了第一颗原子弹。
explode into 爆发出……
explode into laughter哄然大笑
explode with因(愤怒等)而发作
explosion n．爆炸(声)；爆发
explosive adj.易爆炸的；爆炸性的
The boss exploded ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with anger when he saw the sales report.老板看了销售额报告后勃然大怒。
The speaker's mist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake was so funny that the audience exploded into laughter.
那位演说者的错误是如此可笑，以至于听众们哄然大笑。
完成句子
①那个爆竹在他手里响了。
The firework .
②她在爆炸之前就死了。
She died .
③你担心会在她面前勃然大怒吗？
Do you feel that you'll in front of her
④中国的离婚率正呈爆炸式增长。
Divorce now across China.
【答案】　①exploded in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his hand　②before the explosion　③explode with anger　④is exploding
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识．
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议教师准备适量的含宾语补足语的句子为学生呈现，让学生观察思考宾语补足语的用法。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生对学案预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第53－59页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
让学生讨论完成“语法精析 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”部分(见学案第55－59页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　
老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生掌握本单元 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语法知识。 自我评估(见学案第59页)。 布置作业。让学生完成课本第 49及 51 页A，B 题，预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第59－66页)。
1．consider 认为；考虑
On the World Her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )itage List put out by UNESCO，altogether there are about 900 World Heritage sites，which are considered to have extraordinary value to human civilizations.(P46)在联合国教科文组织的世界遗产名录上收录了共约900个世界文化遗址，这些地方被认为对人类文明有着不同寻常的价值。
Jean considered herself(to be)very lucky.
琼认为自己非常幸运。
We are considering importing technology from the US.
我们在考虑从美国引进技术。
sb./sth.as＋n.认为某人/某物……,consider it＋形容词/名词＋to do it作形式,宾语 )),vt.考虑\b\lc\{\rc\ (\a\vs4\al\co1(consider doing sth.考虑 做 ……,consider wh clause考虑……,consider wh ＋to do sth.考虑……))))
He considered himself an expert on the subject.
他认为自己是这门学科的专家。
She considers th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at it is too early to form a definite conclusion.她认为现在下确切的结论还为时过早。
He is considering what to do next.
他在考虑下一步怎么办。
I consider it my duty to help you with your English study.
我认为帮助你学习英语是我的职责。
完成句子
①我们在考虑买一辆新车。
We are considering .
②我已在考虑下一步该怎么办。
I've begun to consider .
③你有没有考虑到他仅仅是个小男孩？
Have you considered ？
④你认为我们今天有必要完成这工作吗？
Do you consider the work today
【答案】　①buying a new car　②what to do next
③that he is only a little boy　④it necessary to finish
2．explore vt.& vi.探测(未知的地方)；探险；调查；探究(问题、可能性等)
During these ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) years I have had the chance to explore many different places in China and throughout the world.(P47)这些年，我有机会探测了中国及全世界的许多不同地方。
They are exploring for oil.他们在勘探石油。
We explored the newly discovered island.
我们探查了新发现的岛屿。
The economists explored all the possible ways to check the inflation.
经济学家们探索了各种可能制止通货膨胀的方法。
exploration n．勘探，实地调查探究，调查，研究
the exploration of/into... 调查/研究
exploratory adj.勘探的，实地调查的
explorer n．探险家；探查人员；调查人员
You can then us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e this hut as a base for explorations into the mountains around.
你到时可以把这个小屋用作勘探周围群山的基地。
完成句子
①他们探险海底。
They the sea.
②让我们探索改善的可能性。
Let us for improvement.
③那外科医生对病人作了检查。
The surgeon .
【答案】　①explored ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the bottom of　②explore the possibilities　③explored the patient
3．complain vt.& vi.抱怨；诉苦
One complained th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at the room was not clean and that it was not very comfortable either.(P49)
一个学生抱怨说房间不干净而且也不舒适。
He is always complaining.他总是抱怨。
You'll have to compl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ain to Head Office if the washing machine stops working again.
要是洗衣机再出毛病的话，你只好向总公司诉说了。
complain about抱怨，投诉
complain of抱怨，诉苦
complain to sb.about/of 向某人抱怨……
complain that...抱怨……
complaint n．抱怨；诉苦
We complained to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the police about the noise from the bar.酒吧间的声音太大，我们向警方投诉。
She is always complaining of her toothache to the doctor.她老是跟大夫抱怨她牙痛。
The police received ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) several complaints about the noise from our party.
警方收到数起不满的投诉，指责我们的聚会太吵了。
完成句子
①母亲总是抱怨没有足够的时间。
Mother is always enough time.
②她常抱怨说他不诚实。
She often complains .
③我对旅馆房间有几点不满意见。
I have several .
【答案】　①complaining of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not having　②that he is dishonest　③complaints about the hotel room
4．prepare sb.to do sth.使某人准备好做某事
We got out our ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) flashlights and prepared ourselves to go into the tomb.(P51)
我们拿出手电筒使自己准备好进入墓葬。
The governme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt asked us to prepare ourselves to meet the storms tonight.政府要求我们准备好迎接今晚的暴风雨。
I'll prepare her to face the difficulty.
我要教她准备面对困难。
prepare sb./oneself for...使某人做好(心理)准备
prepare sth.准备某事/某物
prepare to do sth.准备做……
prepare for 准备……
be prepared for/to do sth.为做某事做好了准备
make preparations for为……做准备
in preparation for为……做准备
My teacher prepared me for the final exam.
老师让我们为期末考试做准备。
Mother is preparing dinner.
母亲正在准备晚饭。
She prepares to hold a birthday party.
她准备开一个生日派对。
Are you prepared to go camping
你做好准备去露营了吗？
完成句子
①那对夫妇已做好面对困难的准备了。
The couple have prepared the difficulty.
②他摆好桌子，准备吃晚饭。
He laid the table dinner.
③学生们正在为考试做准备。
The students are making the coming exam.
④我应邀为我们下一次会议准备一份报告。
I was asked to prepare our next meeting.
【答案】　①themselves to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )face　②in preparation for/to prepare for　③preparations for　④a report for
5．come to 达到(某一状况)，结果是
What has the world ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )come to when the past matters more than the present？(P51)当过去的事情比现在的事情还重要时，这个世界会变成什么样呢？
At last the war came to an end.
最后，战争结束了。
come to苏醒，恢复知觉。不及物动词短语
come to oneself苏醒，恢复知觉
come to sth.谈及……，涉及……；合计……，共计……；达到(某状况)，结果是……
come to sb.(主意)被某人想出
He will come to (hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mself) within an hour after the operation.手术后一个小时内他就会醒过来。
The bill came to $30.账单共计30美元。
完成句子
①他所有的计划都没有结果。
All his plans .
②谈及政治，我一点兴趣都没有。
When it ，I have no interest.
③他洗澡时想出了这个主意。
The idea in his bath.
【答案】　①came to nothing　②comes to politics
③came to him
　
观察下列句子中的画线部分，体会宾语补足语的用法。
①They elected him monitor of our class.
②I find learning English difficult.
③I saw the kite up and down.
④Tom made the girl cry.
⑤I'm sorry to have kept you waiting for so long.
⑥I found my key lost.
⑦I found the computer in good condition.
[自我总结]
从以上例句中我们可以看出，能够做 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语补足语的有① ② ③ ④ ⑤ ⑥ ⑦ 等。宾语补足语通常紧跟在⑧ 之后。
【答案】　名词；形容词；副词；不定式；现在分词；过去分词；介词短语；宾语
宾语补足语
在英语中有些及物动词，接了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾语意义仍不完整，还需要有一个其他的句子成分，来补充说明宾语的身份、状态等特征，称为宾语补足语，简称宾补。宾语加上宾语补足语又称作复合宾语。
1．名词作宾补
作宾补的名词主要用于说明宾语的身份、职位、用途等。常接名词作宾补的动词有name，call，choose，elect等。
He hasn't had any ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing published but he calls himself a writer.他什么都没发表过，却自称作家。
They named their child John.
他们给孩子取名约翰。
2．形容词和副词作宾补
(1)形容词作宾补时主要用于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表示宾语所处的状态或某一动作的结果，常接形容词作宾补的动词多为表示“认为，看待”等的动词(如believe，prove，consider等)。
The facts proved his accusation groundless.
事实证明他的指责是毫无根据的。
He beat her black and blue.
他把她打得青一块紫一块。
(2)某些副词可用于及物动词或介词with和without后作宾补，作宾补的副词多用于表示动作或动作的方向等。
I went to her room only to find her out.
我去了她的房间，却发现她不在。
The woman walked al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ong the river up and down with her head down.那位女士低着头，沿着河岸踱来踱去。
3．分词(短语)作宾补
(1)现在分词(短语)作宾补通常用于感官动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的现在分词(短语)一般表示主动与进行，即宾语是分词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者，且该动作正在进行。
I am so sorry to have kept you waiting so long a time.
不好意思让您久等了。
I found those students studying very hard.
我发现那些学生非常努力。
The boy returned，with his nose bleeding.
那个男孩回来了，鼻子流着血。
(2)过去分词(短语)作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾补也常用于感官动词、使役动词或介词with，without等之后；作宾补的过去分词(短语)通常表示被动与完成，即宾语是过去分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者，且该动作已完成。
The teacher doesn't wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh such questions discussed in class.老师不希望在课堂上讨论这样的问题。
She saw the thief caught by policemen.
她看见那个小偷被警察抓住了。
With all the work finished，he accepted the invitation to the wedding.
由于所有工作都完成了，他接受了婚礼请柬。
作宾补的过去分词多来自及物动词，但也有少数来自不及物动词，不及物动词的过去分词作宾补时，仅表示动作已完成，不表示被动。
They found all the guests gone when they woke up.
醒来时，他们发现所有的客人都走了。
4．动词不定式(短语)作宾补
动词不定式(短语)作宾补通常表示具体的动作。
(1)动词不定式(短语)作宾补 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用于表示“愿望，喜好，要求，命令，请求”等的动词(hope，demand除外)及介词with之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生于谓语动词所表示的动作之后。
She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她要我在她不在时接电话。
I prefer him not to come.
我宁愿他不来。
(2)动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于let ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，make，have等使役动词(get除外)之后，此时动词不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，且不定式符合to须去掉。
The teacher does ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't make his students do homework at school.那位老师不让他的学生在学校做家庭作业。
He had the bouncers throw them out of the club.
他叫门卫把他们轰出了俱乐部。
(3)动词不定式(短语)作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )宾补用于see，hear，watch，notice，feel等感官动词后，此时不定式(短语)所表示的动作通常已经完成，且不定式符号to须去掉。
I heard someone knock at the door three times.
我听见有人敲了三次门。
动词不定式(短语)作宾补用于动词help后时，不定式符号to可省去。
(4)动词believe，decla ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re，find，imagine，judge，prove，report，think，deny，discover，feel，guess，know，suppose，understand等后的宾语补足语常为“to be＋adj./n./prep.＋n.”或“to have＋过去分词”形式。
They all believe the story to be true.
他们都相信这个故事是真实的。
I judged him to have been a gambler.
我判断他曾是个赌徒。
believe，consid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er，declare，find，imagine，judge，prove，report和think等及物动词后的宾补为“to be＋n./adj./prep./n.”的一般式时，to be可以省略。
I thought him(to be)too old for the work.
我认为他太老了，不适合做那项工作。
I consider it(to be)unwise.
我认为此举是不明智的。
分词(短语)与不定式(短语)作宾补的区别：
现在分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词(短语)所表示的动作的执行者；过去分词(短语)作宾补时，宾语在逻辑上是分词(短语)所表示的动作的承受者；不定式作宾语补足语，宾语也往往是不定式的逻辑主语，该不定式与宾语之间存在主谓关系，一般为待发生的动作。在某些感官动作如feel，hear，see，watch，notice，observe等或使役动词如have，let，make等后面接不带to的不定式作宾补。
I heard a girl singing upstairs.
我听见一个女孩正在楼上唱歌。(表示一个正在进行的主动动作)
I heard the song sung.
我听见有人唱过这首歌。(表示一个完成的被动动作)
I told Tom to join the club，but he wouldn't listen.
我告诉汤姆让他加入俱乐部，但他不听。(表示一个要发生的动作)
I heard a girl sing upstairs.
我听到一个女孩在楼上唱歌。(表示一个完整的动作)
5．介词短语作宾补
介词短语作宾补时，可用于表示状态、职位、身份、地位等。
She found the machine in good condition.
她发现那台机器状况良好。
A conceited man always thinks himself above others.
自负者总认为自己高人一等。
regard，see(认为) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，recognize，treat，take，accept，acknowledge(认为)，describe，declare等动词后，常接“as＋表示职位、身份的名词”结构作宾补。
He describes himself as an expert.
他自称行家里手。
6．介词with可以跟复合宾语，这一结构通常在句中作状语或定语。它的常见构成：
①with＋宾语＋介词短语
With some paper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s in his hand，the teacher came out of the classroom.手里拿着试卷，老师走出了教室。
②with＋宾语＋动词的 ing形式
In parts of Asia y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.
在亚洲的有些地区，你不准坐着把脚对准别人。
③with＋宾语＋过去分词
The murderer was brought in，with his hands tied behind his back.
凶手被带进来了，他的双手被绑在背后。(表方式)
④with＋宾语＋不定式
With the matter to be settled，we held a meeting.
因为要解决这个问题，我们召开了一个会议。(表原因)
⑤with＋宾语＋形容词
He usually sleeps ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with the windows open even in winter.即使在冬天，他也常常开着窗户睡觉。
⑥with＋宾语＋副词
The classroom with the lights on is our computer room.
亮着灯的教室是我们的机房。(作定语)
⑦with＋宾语＋名词
The PRC was founded in 1949，with Beijing its capital.
中华人民共和国成立于1949年，首都是北京。
主谓一致
在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )主语在人称和数上保持一致，这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律，大致可归纳为三个原则，即语法一致、逻辑意义一致和就近一致原则。
一、语法一致原则：语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致
1．以单数名词或代词、动词不定式短语、动名词短语或从句作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数形式；主语为复数名词时，谓语动词用复数形式。
His father is working on the farm.
他父亲正在农场工作。
To study English well is not easy.
学好英语不容易。
Reading in the sun is bad for your eyes.
在太阳底下看书对你的眼睛有害。
What he said is very important for us all.
他所说的对我们都很重要。
The children were in the classroom two hours ago.
两个小时前孩子们在教室。
注意：
①由what，who引导的主语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，后面的谓语动词多数情况用单数形式，但若表语是复数或what从句是一个带有复数意义的并列结构时，主句的谓语动词用复数形式。
What I say is helpful to you.
What I bought were three English books.
②两个不定式结构或动名词短语作主语时，如果是两个概念，用复数形式；如果是一个问题的两个方面，用单数形式。
Going shopping and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )working out in the gym are what she does in her spare time.
她空闲时间都去购物和体育馆锻炼。
Where and when t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o hold the sports meet hasn't been decided.在哪儿和什么时间开运动会还没有决定。
Early to rise and early to bed is good for our health.
早起早睡对我们的健康有好处。
2．由连接词and或both...and连接起来的合成主语后面，要用谓语动词的复数形式。
Lucy and Lily are twins.
露西和莉莉是双胞胎。
Both the boy and t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he girl were surprised when they heard the news.听到消息，男孩和女孩都很吃惊。
注意：
①若and所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语动词就应用单数形式。
The writer and artist has come.
那位作家兼艺术家已经到了。
②由and连接的并列单数主 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语前如果分别有no，each，every，more than a(an)，many a(an)修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
Every student and every teacher was in the classroom.
每个学生和每位老师都在教室里。
No boy and no girl likes it.
没有哪个男孩或女孩喜欢它。
3．主语为单数名词或代词，尽管后面跟有wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h，together with，along with，except，but，like，as well as，rather than，more than，no less than，besides，including等引起的短语，谓语动词仍用单数形式；若主语为复数，谓语动词用复数形式。
Mr Green，together w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith his wife and children，has come to China.格林先生和妻子孩子一起来到了中国。
Nobody but Jim and Mike was on the playground.
除了杰克和迈克，没有人在操场上。
She，like you and Tom，is very tall.
像你和汤姆一样，她也很高。
4．either，neither，each ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，every或no＋单数名词和由some，any，no，every构成的复合不定代词，都看做单数。
Each of us has a new book.我们每人都有一本新书。
Everything around us is matter.
我们周围每件事都是麻烦。
注意：
①在口语中当either或neither后跟有“of＋复数名词(或代词)”作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数也可用复数。
Neither of the texts is(are)interesting.
这两篇文章都很没趣。
②若none of后面的名词是不可数名词，它的谓语动词就要用单数；若它后面的名词是复数，它的谓语动词用单数或复数都可以。
None of us has(have)been to America.
我们没有人去过美国。
5．在定语从句中，关系代词that，who，which等作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。
He is one of my friends who are working hard.
他是我那些努力工作的朋友中的一个。
He is the only one of my friends who is working hard.
他是我唯一努力工作的朋友。
6．如果集体名词指的是整个集体，谓语动词用单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数；如果指集体中的成员，其谓语动词就用复数形式。这类词有family，class，crowd，committee，population，audience，public，board，class，team，group，company，crew，enemy，government，herd，jury，party等。
Class Four is on the third floor.四班在三楼。
Class Four are unable to agree upon a monitor.
四班学生在选班长的事情上没能达成一致。
注意：people，police，cattle，youth等名词一般都用作复数。
The police are looking for the lost child.
警察正在寻找丢失的孩子。
7．由“a lot of，lots o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f，plenty of，the rest of，the majority of＋名词”构成的短语以及由“分数或百分数＋名词”构成的短语作主语，其谓语动词的数要根据短语中后面名词的数而定。
There are a lot of people in the classroom.
教室里有很多人。
The rest of the lecture is wonderful.
讲座剩余的部分很精彩。
50% of the students in our class are girls.
我们班50%的学生是女生。
注意：a number ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of“许多”，作定语修饰复数名词，谓语用复数；the number of“……的数量”，主语是number，谓语用单数。
The number of unemployment has reached five million.
失业人数已经达到五百万。
A number of workers have recently left the company.
最近有很多工人辞掉了工作。
8．在倒装句中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。
There comes the bus.公共汽车来了。
On the wall are many pictures.
墙上有很多照片。
Such is the result.结果就是这样。
Such are the facts.事实就是如此。
9．many a，more than one和a＋名词单数＋or two作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
many a的意思是“许多”，more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) than one的意思是“不止一个”，a＋名词单数＋or two的意思是“一个或两个”，从意义上讲，它们表示复数，但用作主语时，谓语却习惯上用单数。
Many a fine man has died in that battle.
许多优秀的士兵死于那次战役。
Many a successful store has paid its rent cheerfully.
许多成功的店铺都非常乐意地付了房租。
More than one man has been dismissed.
不止一人被解雇了。
More than one person is involved in this.
与此事有牵连的人不止一个。
If things don' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t get better，more than one person is going to have to find a new job.如果情况没有好转，需要另谋新工作的就不是个别人了。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad.
一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。
二、逻辑意义一致原则：逻辑意义一致就是谓语动词的数必须和主语的意义一致(因有时主语形式为单数，但意义为复数；有时形式为复数，但意义为单数)
1．what，who，which，any，more，all等代词可以是单数，也可是复数，主要靠意思来决定。
All is going well.
一切顺利。
All have gone to Beijing.
所有的人都去了北京。
2．时间、距离、金钱作主语时的主谓一致
表示时间、距离、度量、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语，被看做整体时，谓语动词用单数；若强调个体也可以用复数。
Twenty years is a long time.
二十年是很长时间。
Two kilometers is a long way to go on foot.
步行两千米是一段很长的路程。
Six months h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave passed，and we still have no news of them.六个月过去了，我们依然没有他们的消息。
3．若主语是以复数形式结尾的书名、片名、格言、剧名、报名、国名等，其谓语动词通常用单数形式。
The Arabian Nights is an interesting story book.
《一千零一夜》是一本有趣的故事书。
4．表数量的短语“one and a half”后接复数名词作主语时，其谓语动词可用单数形式，也可用复数。
One and a half apples is(are)left on the table.
桌子上剩下一个半苹果。
5．算式中表示数目(字)的主语通常作单数看待，其谓语动词采用单数形式。
Twelve plus eight is twenty.
十二加八是二十。
Fifty six divided by eight is seven.
五十六被八除是七。
6．一些学科名词是以 i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cs结尾，如：mathematics，politics，physics以及news等，都属于形式上是复数的名词，实际意义为单数名词，它们作主语时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。
I think physics isn't easy to study.
我认为物理不好学。
7．trousers，glasses，clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thes，shoes等词作主语时，谓语用复数，但如果这些名词前有a(the)pair of等量词修饰时，谓语动词则用单数。
My glasses are broken.
我的眼镜坏了。
The pair of shoes under the bed is his.
床下那双鞋子是他的。
8．“定冠词the＋形容词或分词”，表示某一类人时，谓语动词用复数；表示某一个人时，谓语动词用单数。
The young are mostly ambitious.
年轻人多半有雄心。
Yesterday an accide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt happened on the road and a person was injured.The injured was rushed to hospital.
昨天路上发生了一起事故，一个人受伤了。伤者很快被送到医院。
注意：有个别的“the＋形容词”结构既表示单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数意义，也表示复数意义，若用作主语，谓语动词用单数还是复数需视情况而定。如：the good指“好人”时表复数意义，指“善”时表单数意义；the accused指一名被告时表单数意义，指多名被告时表复数意义。比较：
The beautiful ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is not always the good，and the good is not always the true.美未必是善，善未必是真。
The accused was acquitted of the charge.
被告被宣告无罪。(指一人)
The accused were acquitted of the charge.
被告均被宣告无罪。(指多人)
三、就近一致原则：在英语句子中，有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致
1．当两个主语由eithe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r...or，neither...nor，whether...or...，not only...but also连接时，谓语动词和邻近的主语一致。
Either the teacher or the students are our friends.
或者老师或者学生是我们的朋友。
Neither they nor he is wholly right.
他们和他都不全对。
Is neither he nor they wholly right
他和他们都不全对吗？
2．there be句型中，be动词单复数取决于其后的主语。如果其后是由and连接的两个主语，则应与靠近的那个主语保持一致。
There are two chairs and a desk in the room.
房间里有两把椅子一张桌子。
注意：here引导的句子用法同上。
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料并根据材料得出结论。
(4)能够对某一历史事件发表看法，学会列提纲。
(5)设计一张关于著名历史人物的海报。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是通过对两篇关于历史人物的海报学习，让学生学习如何设计人物海报。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议从检查上节课作业导入新课。
●教学流程设计
检查上堂课所布置作业。 导入新课。 学生快速阅读课文(见课本第58－59页)并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
学生共同讨论。师生统一答案。 让学生再次仔细 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )阅读课文，并完成学案中“文本感知”部分(见学案第59－60页)。 学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第60－6 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )4页)。 学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第64－66页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部分(见学案第66－68页)。 让学生做“课时作业”。 自我评估(见学案第66页，课本第60页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
根据课本P58～59页的内容，完成下列表格(每空1词)
Alexander the Great
Early
1. ●Being the son of a Greek king who
2. many Greek cities in battle
●Becoming a young king after his father died
Victories
and death ●Taking his army into ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the Middle East and then Egypt and defeating every army 3. in his path
●Tnuring his eyes east and marching all the way to India
●Occupying more land than anyone before at thirty
●4. from a fever and dead at 33
Influence on
the world Spreading the Gree ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k culture from Europe to Africa and Asia，which has a great 5. on the world for centuries to come
Socrates
Brief
6. ●Coming from Athens，Greece
●Becoming a teacher and teaching for free
●Earning his salary from being a common worker
Socratic Method ●Challenging his s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tudents to develop and explain their own arguments，which made his students 7. their own errors
●Forming the 8. of modern philosophy and science
9. for Socr
ate's death ●Asking every ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one he met challenging questions，which resulted in many people being unable to 10. him.
●Questioning the ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )istence of the Greek gods and corrupting the young people of Athens
●Defending himself by ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) asking his judges more questions，leading to being put to death
【答案】　1.life　2.defeate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d　3.standing　4.Suffering　5.influence/effect/impact　6.introduction　7.realize
8．basis　9.Reasons　10.tolerate
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P58～59的课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following statements is true
A．Socrates earned his living by teaching.
B．He became famous after his death.
C．He was popular among many people in Athens.
2．What was his special way of teaching
A．He made his students get embarrassed when teaching.
B．He made an argument with his students when teaching.
C．He raised hard questions when teaching.
3．Find the same mea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ning of this sentence“some people had had enough of him”(line 20)．
A．Some people disliked him.
B．Some people decided to kill him.
C．Some people couldn't tolerate him any more.
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.C
1．Now that we've finished，does anyone have any questions？(P53)
既然我们讲完了，有人还有什么问题吗？
now that是一个连词词组，表示“既然”，引导一个表示原因的状语从句。
now that在口语中that常可省略，而只用now连接从句，而now在从句中已失去了“现在”的时间概念。
Now (that)you are well again，you can work with them.
既然你已经康复了，你就可以跟他们一起工作了。
Now (that)we are alone，we can speak freely.
既然没有别人了，我们就可以无拘无束地谈谈了。
完成句子
①既然来了，你就不妨留下来。
，you may as well stay.
②既然你累了，为什么不休息一下呢？
，why not have a rest
【答案】　①Now that you have come　②Now that you are tired
2．point out指出
When describing a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) picture，do not point out every detail.(P54)当描述一幅图画时，不要指出每一个细节。
He pointed out my mistake to me.
他向我指出我的错误。
I should point out t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat none of these paintings is original.我应当指出，这些画中没有一幅是真迹。
point...out指出
point out that指出说
point to指向(强调方向，并不一定指该物体)
point at指着(指人时一般给人以粗鲁或不礼貌的感觉)
I will point him out to you next time he comes in.
他下次来的时候我指给你看。
He pointed out that my plan was not practical.
他指出我的计划不切实际。
He pointed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the door and I saw there stood a girl smiling at me.他指向门，我看见一位姑娘在朝我微笑。
The teacher poi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nted at the map and told me where Britain was.老师指着地图，告诉我英国在地图上的位置。
完成句子
①用手指指人是不礼貌的。
It is not polite to your fingers people.
②她指出他们错了。
She that they were mistaken.
③他指着远处的高山说：“那是我的家。”
He the distant mountain and said，“That is my house.”
【答案】　①point；at　②pointed out　③pointed to
3．carry out实施；执行；实现，完成
A surprise attack was carried out there by the Japanese in 1941.(P55)
1941年日本人在那儿发起了一次突袭。
He promised ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to us that he will carry out the plan in spite of the difficulties.
他向我们许诺，尽管有困难，他还是要实施这个计划。
They are carrying out urgent repairs.
他们正在做抢修工作。
carry sb.back(to sth.)使某人回忆起
carry sth.off赢得某物
carry sb.through(sth.)帮助某人渡过难关
carry sth.through成功地完成
carry on继续(做某事)
They decided to carry ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on their walk in spite of the weather.他们决定不管天气好坏都坚持走下去。
The sound of sea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gulls carried her back to childhood holidays by the sea.她听到海鸥的叫声就回忆起童年时在海边度假的情景。
完成句子
①我希望我的指示得以执行。
I expect my instructions .
②三名学生被选出来做这个实验。
Three students were chosen to the experiment.
③好好干下去！
the good work!
④这是件艰巨的工作，但我相信她能顺利完成。
It's a difficult job but I believe she can .
⑤她获得游泳项目的大多数奖。
She most of the prizes for swimming.
【答案】　①to be carried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) out　②carry out　③Carry on　④carry it through　⑤carried off
4．fortunate adj.幸运的
It was fortunate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the US Navy's aircraft carriers were at sea that day.(P55)
很幸运美国海军的航空母舰那天在海上。
You are fortunate enough to have such a good teacher.
你有这样一位好教师真是幸运之至。
be fortunate to do sth.很幸运能做某事
be fortunate in doing sth.在……上是幸运的
It is fortunate that...……是幸运的(it作形式主语)
fortune n．[U]机会，运气；财产[C]命运
make one's/a fortune 发财
try one's fortune碰碰运气
I have been fortu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nate enough to visit many parts of the world as a lecturer.
我很幸运，去了世界上很多地方作演讲。
He made a fortune by selling waste materials.
他靠卖废品发了财。
完成句子
①我们演员是非常幸运的人。
We actors people.
②我们要帮助那些不那么幸运的人。
We must help others ourselves.
③年轻人喜欢到大城市碰运气。
Young people would like to go to big cities to .
④幸运的是我准时到了。
that I arrived in time.
【答案】　①are very fort ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unate　②less fortunate than　③try their fortune　④It was very fortunate
5．declare vt.宣布，宣称
The next day，US Pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esident Franklin Roosevelt declared war against Japan.(P55)
第二天美国总统富兰克林·罗斯福对日宣战。
They then declared what had been decided.
他们然后宣布了所作出的决定。
They declared him to be the winner.
他们宣布他为获胜者。
declare...(to be)＋adj.宣布……为……；断言为……
declare that...宣布，声明……
declare for/against 表示支持/反对
declare war on/against...对……宣战
Australia declared its support for the agreement.
澳大利亚宣布支持这项协议。
The teacher declared him chosen.
老师宣布他被选上了。
declare/announce
declare 后面可接复合宾语，指在庄严的场合，官方权威人士公开郑重宣布，有时指在公共场合对某事表明态度，常用于宣战、议和或宣判；
announce 指“宣布，宣告；发表，通报；预 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )告”，后面常接名词和从句作宾语。指对公众或特定的一群关心的人进行宣布，常指大家感兴趣的事，如国家大事、商品信息、生死病婚、开会等新闻。
The colonies declared their independence from England.
这些殖民地宣告脱离英国而独立。
They announced that she would give one extra song.
他们宣布她将增加一首歌。
选词填空：declare/announce
①He stood up and that he was ready to go.
②Germany war against Russia on August 1,1914.
③When the door ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )man the arrival of the president，everyone got up and clapped.
④Chinese government a battle against drugs many years ago.
⑤After all the honore ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d guests arrived，the host the start of the party.
【答案】　①announced/declared　②declared　③announced　④declared　⑤announced
6．in memory of纪念；为了纪念
In memory of the Amer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )icans who died in the attack，a national memorial was built in Pearl Harbor just above the remains of the Arizona.(P55)
为了纪念在那次突袭中死去的美国人，在珍珠港建了一座纪念馆，就在沉没的战舰亚利桑那号遗址上。
They presented a sum of money to the college in memory of their son.
他们向学院赠送了一笔款项以纪念他们的儿子。
The book is written in memory of Lu Xun.
这本书就是为了纪念鲁迅而写的。
“in＋名词＋of”结构的短语小结
in need of需要 in favor of赞同，支持
in want of需要 in praise of赞扬
in face of面临 in charge of负责，管理
in search of 寻找
in honor of为向……表示敬意，为纪念……
We started off at once in search of the missing boy.
我们立刻出发寻找失踪的男孩。
The house is in want of repair.这座房子需要维修。
用“in＋名词＋of”结构完成句子
①She set up the charity (为了纪念)her father.
②The police were (寻找)the murderer.
③He spoke (赞扬)those who had passed the exam.
④I'm all right but (需要)rest.
【答案】　①in memory of　②in search of　③in praise of　④in need/want of
7．no doubt无疑，确实
When asked how a sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tue from distant Greece could have appeared in China，researchers explained that no doubt this was a result of Alexander the Great's in fluence.(P58)当人们问起一座来自遥远的希腊的雕像怎么会出现在中国时，研究者们解释那毫无疑问是亚历山大的影响。
Mrs Warren，no doubt，has her merits.
沃伦夫人，毫无疑问，有她的优点。
You know him by name，no doubt
你确定知道他的名字吗？
have no/little/some doubt...对……没有/有一些怀疑
beyond all doubt无疑地；确定地；肯定地
without(a)doubt无疑地；确定地；肯定地
There is no doubt about/of...毫无疑问……
There is no doubt that... 毫无疑问……
There is some doubt whether...有关是否……还有些疑问
doubt vt.怀疑
There's no doubt that it's going to be difficult.
毫无疑问将会有困难。
This meeting h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as been，without/beyond doubt，one of the most useful we have had so far.
这无疑是我们迄今为止最有用的一次会议。
【特别提醒】　短语no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doubt意为“无疑地，很可能”，doubt可作名词或动词，意为“怀疑”。doubt在否定句和疑问句中后接that引导的从句；在肯定句中后接whether或if引导的从句。
完成句子
①他确实很聪明，但也很懒。
He is clever， ，but he is lazy too.
②毫无疑问她错了。
she is wrong.
③我确信我们队会赢得比赛。
I our team will win the match
④他是否会很快回来，还有些疑问。
There is he will come soon.