【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版必修五教师用书Unit 2　The environment

Unit 2　The environment
【美文阅读】
人类的贪婪是环境恶化的主要原因。然而，除此之外还有其他因素吗？
Is our environment being destroyed by greed
The environment has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )been suffering from all forms of damage；especially in recent years global warming seems to be the main problem.Many times，environmental worsening，in the form of running out of natural resources，and air，water and land pollution，is caused by the irresponsible behavior of humans.Nations，like the United States，set themselves above the ruin and damage of the environment.However，it will be unfair to state that environmental worsening is brought about only by greed.Other factors，such as the inability of some developing countries to find other choices of survival，also play a part in contributing to environmental problem.
The state of the envi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ronment has been the concern of scientists in recent years.In the case of global warming，greed，in the sense of economic benefits of a country，actually contributes to the ruin of the environment.This is seen in the case of the United States' refusal to carry out its agreement to the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书)，where countries come together and help deal with the increasing emission of greenhouse gases.If the US agreed to it，it would mean that it has to cut back on its Gross Domestic Product(GDP)growth.
Another reason for environmental worsening is that
some developing countries have few or no other choices
to making money for t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heir survival.For example，slash and burn(刀耕火种)is the cheapest way for poor farmers even though it creates a serious environmental problem.Should they not practice slash and burn，they may not be able to clear the land in time for agricultural activities to support themselves and their family members.For them，environment concerns are secondary as compared to their survival.
Therefore，to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )save the environment，everyone，be it young or old，rich or poor，should play a part in protecting the earth，as a collective effort definitely makes a big difference.
【诱思导学】
1．What are the form ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of environmental worsening according to the passage
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why does America refuse the Kyoto Protocol
________________________________________________________________________
3．What causes the worsening of the environment
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.①Globa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l warming　②Running out of natural resources　③Air，water and land pollution
2．Because it will damage America's economic development.
or：Because it means the US will have to cut back on its GDP growth.
3．Human bein ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g's greed and their inability to find other choices of survival.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课中课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本文是一篇辩论，需要学生在预习过程中初步了解辩论的基本方式、流程和目的，并了解当前世界经济的发展对环境造成的影响。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议教师以课本第21页的图片导入新课，要求学生分组讨论四幅图片，并提出问题：
What can you see fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om the pictures？Try to describe them and tell which of these problems are caused by nature and which are caused by man.In groups you can think of other natural disasters and people's activities that damage the environment.
●教学流程设计

师生共同讨论并统一答案。




　　　　
(见学生用书第27页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P22－23课文，然后完成下面表格
Debaters Lin Shuiqing (represents the 1.______) Qian Liwei (represents the economy)
Points Economic development is bad for the environment. Economic development does not have to be bad for the environment.
Reasons Large areas of the world are damaged by chemical 2.________. People suffer from air and water 3.________. Much sea life is being destroyed by fishing boats. Many factories a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd industries control the amount of pollution they produce. They are careful to spend money repairing any 4.________they cause. The people operating factories are 5.________ about the environment.
Suggestions Cutting back on pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )duction and 6.________ the amount of things people make and buy. Thinking more about 7.________. Teaching people ways of living without harming the envionment. Producing more things from recycled 8.________. Better 9.______to preserve the environment. Paying higher 10.________ for polluting the environment.
【答案】　1.environment　2.waste　3.pollution
4．damage　5.concerned　6.reducing　7.recycling
8．materials　9.laws　10.taxes
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P22－23页课文，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What is the focus of the debate according to the passage
A．Developing economy is the most important.
B．Preserving the environment is the most important.
C．The relationship between the environment and the economy.
2．Of all the follo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wing subjects，which is NOT wholly talked about by Lin Shuiqing
A．Recycling，industrial waste and population.
B．Fishing，chemical waste and pollution.
C．Production，recycling and taxes.
3．We can infer that both sides agree on the point that ________.
A．people should cut ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy
B．Recycling will help in both the fields of economy and environment
C．It is very important to reduce the amount of jobs
4．What does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) sentence“People often have this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.”mean
A．Economic development is good for the environment.
B．Economic development is bad for the environment.
C．Economic development is not always bad for the environment.
5．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in Lin Shuiqing's speech
A．Industrial waste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )destroyed many places and killed many plants and animals.
B．Factories producing poisonous chemicals should be closed down.
C．Fishes died because of more than one reasons.
【答案】　1.C　2.C　3.B　4.C　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Lin Shuiqing is a 1.________.She thinks 2.________ protection is more important.Many places have been destroyed by chemical 3.________.Many plants and animals have died.Fishing boats catch large numbers of fish without giving them time to 4.________ eggs.Also the world's population has grown by six times what it was in 1800.People should cut back on 5.________，think more about 6.________ our waste，and teach people about ways of living that do not harm the environment.
Qian Liwei is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a 7.________.He thinks that many factories are 8.________ about the environment and have done something to protect it.Cutting back on production to save the environment is not wise，as people are more 9.________ than fish and trees.Those factories which pollute the environment should have to pay higher 10.________.
【答案】　1.spokeswoman　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.environmental　3.waste　4.lay　5.production　6.recycling　7.consultant　8.concerned　9.important　10.taxes
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．belief　　A．an argument or discussion expressing different opinions
2．credit B．to trea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t things that have already been used so that they can be used again
3．debate C．to work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in a particular way or to use or control a machine
4．duty D．ready or pleased to do sth.
5．greedy E．praise or approval
6．operate F．wanting more money，power，food，etc，than you really need.
7．recycle G．an opinion about sth.；a strong feeling that sth.is true.
8．willing H．sth.that you feel you have to do
【答案】　1.G　2.E　3.A　4.H　5.F　6.C　7.B　8.D
Ⅱ.短语填空
result in；cut back on； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be concerned about；use up；run out；at the same time；see...as；as long as
1．As these new pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ducts are not selling well，the members of the board have decided to ________ production.
2．As his first nove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l was published，he ________ one of the most outstanding writers of his generation.
3．These policies ________ many elderly and disabled people suffering hardship.
4．Her money has been ________ and her patience is also ________.
5．________ you can put it back in place，you can read the book.
6．The examination ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is so important that each of the students ________ the results.
【答案】　1.cut back on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　2.was seen as　3.resulted in　4.used up；running out　5.As long as　6.is concerned
about
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．With_me_are Ms Li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.(P22)今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展咨询顾问钱利伟先生。
2．The waste th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey create goes into the atmosphere and makes us sick.(P22)
工厂生产造成的废物进入大气，使我们生病。
3．The world's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) population has_grown_by_six_times_what_it_was_in_1800.(P22)
与1800年的人口相比，世界人口数量已经增长了六倍。
4．It_is_clear_that yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u are very concerned about the present situation of our environment.(P22)
显然，你非常担心我们的环境现状。
5．Asking_around，I find ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) many people willing to pay a little higher price for things that are friendly to the environment.(P23)我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。
6．What_if they run out？(P25)倘若它们被用光了怎么办？
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会召开辩论会的方法和流程，并尝试以小组的形式用英语举行辩论会的活动。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师可以通过检查上堂课所布置的作业导入课堂。
●教学流程设计
让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第28～33页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。

　　　　

(见学生用书第28页)
1．debate n．& v．辩论；争论；讨论
Today's debate questio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n is，‘The economy or the environment—must we choose？’(P22)今天的辩论问题是“经济还是环境——我们必须作出抉择吗？”
They were deba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ting whether to go to the mountains or to the seaside.他们正在讨论要去山上还是去海边。
After a long debate，the bill was passed.
经过长时间的辩论，议案获得通过。
debate about/on/upon sth.争论某事
debate sth.with sb.与某人争论某事
under debate在辩论中
They debated for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an hour on the advantages and disadvantages of the plan.
他们花了一个小时讨论这个计划的利与弊。
The proposal is under debate.
那个提议正在讨论中。
debate/argue/discuss
debate 指正式的辩论，通常在一位仲裁人的主持下，按照一定的规则进行，双方各自陈述理由。
argue 指说理、论证，侧重于摆出事实，试图说服对方，也可能是激烈地交换意见，以致争吵。
discuss 重在交换意见，进行讨论。
They're always arguing with each other about money.他们总是为钱相互争吵。
Have you discussed the problem with anyone
你与其他人商量过这个问题吗？
用debate，argue，discuss的适当形式填空
①They ________ how to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) improve the relationship between the two countries.
②They ________ about which train to take.
③There is no good in ________ with them.
【答案】　①discussed　②debated　③arguing
2．With_me_are Ms Li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant.(P22)今天的嘉宾是来自绿色协会的林水清女士和企业发展咨询顾问钱利伟先生。
这是一个倒装句，主语是Ms Lin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Shuiqing，from the Green Society，and Mr Qian Liwei，a business development consultant。因为主语太长，为了保持句子平衡，采用了倒装形式，把介词短语with me放于句首。当主语为名词时：表示地点的介词短语或副词或一些表示动作方向的副词away，out，in，off，up，down置于句首时，谓语为be动词；lie，stand或come/go等的句子中，句子使用全部倒装结构。
There goes the bell！Let's hurry!
铃响了！咱们快点！
Out rushed the boy when he heard the noise.
听到响声时，男孩冲了出去。
Now comes your turn.该轮到你了。
Nearby were two boats in which they had come to the lonely island.
附近是他们乘坐来到这个孤岛上的两条船。
On a hill in front of them stood an old temple.
在他们前面的小山上坐落着一座古寺。
【教师备课资源】
使用全部倒装的常见结构还有：
①当作表语的形容词、介词短语、分词提到句首时，也常使用倒装结构。
Gone are the days when women were looked down upon.妇女受歧视的日子一去不复返了。
Among the goods ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are Christmas trees，flowers and toys.在这些商品中，有圣诞树、花儿和玩具。
Lying on the ground was a boy aged about sixteen.
一个大约16岁的男孩躺在地上。
②由so/neither(nor)引起的，表示前面所说的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
Li Mei plays the vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olin quite well，and so does her sister.李梅小提琴拉得很好，她妹妹也是。
She doesn't like chemistry.Neither/Nor do I.
她不喜欢化学，我也是。
③such和be动词连用作表语时，也常用倒装结构。
Such was the result.结果就是这样。
Such were her words.这就是她说的话。
注意：否定意义的词hardly，s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eldom，never，little，nothing等置于句首时不论主语为名词或是代词时，句子用部分倒装。如：
Never will I give up my dream for Nanjing University.
我决不会放弃去南京大学的梦想。
完成句子
①男孩子们冲了出来。
Out ________________________.
②赛跑选手们跑远了。
Away ________________________.
③门开了，史密斯先生进来了。
The door opened and in ________________.
【答案】　①rushed the boys　②went the runners
③came Mr.Smith
3．open the floor 自由发言
Then we will open the floor for discussion.(P22)
之后我们将自由发言讨论。
The teacher allowe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d us to open the floor for discussion at the meeting.老师允许我们在会议上自由讨论。
floor n．发言权
He got the floor at the conference.他在会议上发言了。
The teacher took the floor after she finished her speech.
在她做完演讲之后老师发言。
【教师备课资源】
open the mind开阔思想
open one's heart把心里的话说出来
open one's eyes长见识；开眼界
When a discussion i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s under way，everybody is welcome to have the ________ in class.
A．floor　　　　　　　　B．time
C．chance D．right
【解析】　考查固定短语h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ave the floor。句意为“当进行讨论的时候，欢迎班上每个人都发言”。have the floor在本句中意为“有发言权”。
【答案】　A
4．large amounts of大量的(后常接不可数名词)
Factories produce ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) large amounts of harmful chemicals.(P22)工厂排放出大量有害化学物质。
Large amount ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s of stress can give motivate and purpose to our life.压力大能给我们的生活提供动机和目标。
Large amounts of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )money were spent on the bridge last year.去年在桥上花费了许多钱。
①a large amount of大量的……
in amount(＝in all)总之；总计
the amount of... ……的数量
②amount vi.合计，总计达；相当于
amount to sth.总共达；相当于
I need a large amount of money to buy a new house.
我买新房需要一大笔钱。
Planning without any real action amounts to nothing.
只计划不行动等于什么都不做。
The total of his gains amounted to millions.
他的利润所得总额达好几百万。
【提示】　“a number o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f＋复数名词”意为“大量的……”，作主语时，句子谓语用复数形式；“the number of＋复数名词”意为“……的数量”，作主语时，句子谓语用单数形式。
【教师备课资源】
“多”的用法小结：
＋可数名词复数
＋不可数名词
＋可数名词复数或不可数名词
There is ________ water and the farmers can use it to irrigate their fields.
A．a great deal　　　　　　　B．a large number of
C．a plenty of D．a large amount of
【解析】　a large ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amount of后接不可数名词；a great deal后应有of；a large number of后接可数名词复数；C项应该是plenty of。
【答案】　D
5．Other types o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f waste flow into our water，killing_river_and_sea_life.(P22)其他类型的废物则流入我们的水域，杀死了河海生物。
killing river and sea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )life为现在分词短语作结果状语。现在分词短语作结果状语，其动作常随谓语动词而产生，是一种自然结果(前面可加thus)，常常是可以预料的结果。
He was so angry that he threw the glass，breaking it into pieces.
他如此生气以至于把杯子摔了，结果杯子摔成了碎片。
Her husband died t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.
她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个需要照顾的孩子。
He fired，killing one of the passers by.
他开枪了，打死了一个路人。
Qian Xuesen， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a key leader of New China's nuclear，missile and space programs，passed away，________ our country lose one of the greatest scientists.
A．being made B．made
C．to make D．making
【解析】　考查现在分词的用法。此处现在分词短语作结果状语，表示自然的结果。
【答案】　D
6．result in引起，导致……；以……为结局
This will re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sult in a smaller number of fish left for us to eat in the future.(P22)
这将导致我们食用的鱼的数目越来越小。
The accident resulted in the death of two passengers.
这场事故造成两名乘客死亡。
His careless speech resulted in much argument.
他的过于草率的发言引来许多争议。
result from/result in
result from “发生于……，由……引起”，相当于lie in。
result in “导致；带来”，相当于lead to，contribute to和cause。
His poor preparati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on resulted in the failure in examination.＝The failure in examination resulted from his poor preparation.
考试失败是由于他准备不充分造成的。
用result in，result from的适当形式填空
①His illness ________ eating bad food.
②The accident ________ the death of two passengers.
③Hard work ________ success.
④Success ________ hard work.
【答案】　①resulted from　②resulted in　③results in
④results from
7．The world's popul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ation has grown by six_times_what it was in 1800.(P22)
目前的世界人口与1800年相比已经增长了六倍。
句中six times what it was in 1800是“倍数＋what从句”构成的倍数表达法。
She eats twice what I eat.她的食量是我的两倍。
The factory can prod ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uce 3 times what it did five years ago.这家工厂的产量是五年前的三倍。
倍数的其他表达法：
A＋谓语动词＋＋B
This room is twice as large as that one.
这个房间是那个房间的两倍大。
The Yangtze River i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s almost twice longer than the Pearl River.长江差不多是珠江的两倍长。
I've paid five times the usual price for the stamp.
我出了平常价格的五倍买这枚邮票。
一句多译
这个广场是那个的两倍大。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　This squar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e is twice as large as/larger than/the size of that one.
8．cut back on减少；削减；缩减
It is our duty to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) try to cut back on production and reduce the amount of things we make and buy.(P22)我们有责任努力削减生产，减少制造和购买的东西的数量。
When dad lost ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his job，we had to cut back on entertainment expenses.爸爸失业时，我们必须减少娱乐开销。
Try to cut back on foo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds containing too much fat and sugar.要尽量少吃脂肪和糖分含量过高的食品。
cut off切掉；割掉；分离；隔离(常跟from)；中断
cut across抄近路穿过；径直穿过
cut away切掉；剪掉
cut down砍倒；杀死；削减；缩短
cut in插嘴；突然插入；超车
cut out切掉；删掉；剪下；裁剪
cut up切碎；使丧气；使痛心
用cut短语填空
①园丁从树上砍下一根树枝。
The gardener ________ a branch from the tree.
②他把树砍倒，并把它劈成烧火用的小块。
He ________ the tree and cut it up for firewood.
③我经常从报纸上剪有用的文章。
I often ________ useful articles from newspapers.
【答案】　①cut off　②cut down　③cut out
9．see... as...把……看作……
As a business develop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ment consultant，I'm often seen as being against the environment.(P23)作为一名经济发展顾问，我常常被视为是反对环保的。
He sees me as his sister.他把我看做是他的妹妹。
Her colleagues see her as a future president.
她的同事将她视为以后的会长。
表示“把……看作……”的结构还有：
treat...as...　　consider...as...
regard...as...　 think of...as...
view...as...　　accept...as...
take...as...
I decided to treat his remarks as a joke.
我决定把他的话当玩笑。
He regards me as one of his family.
他把我当成家人一样对待。
He proved himself a tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ue gentleman and the beauty of his character was ________ its best when he worked with others.
A．thought as B．looked as
C．treated of as D．seen as
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：在与别人共事时，他证明了自己是真正的绅士，同时他的人性美也得到了充分的展示。see...as...意为“把……看做……”，符合题意。A选项应为thought of as；B选项应为looked on as；C选项应为treated as。
【答案】　D
10．responsibility n．责任；职责
They think of greedy b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )usinessmen hiding from their responsibilities and only worrying about money.(P23)
他们会联想到贪婪的商人逃避社会责任，一味关心金钱。
Our business is a joint/shared responsibility.
我们的公司实行共同责任制。
It's my responsibility to lock the doors.
我负责锁门。
①a sense of responsibility责任感
responsibility to/towards对……的职责
have/take responsibility for对……负责
throw responsibility on sb.把责任推给某人
②responsible adj.负有责任的；负责的
be responsible for对……负责
Don't worry.I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f anything goes wrong，I'll take responsibility for it.没关系，出了问题我承担责任。
The father of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a family should have more sense of responsibility.一家之父应有更多的责任感。
完成句子
①My husband ________________________________________________________________________(负责组织)
the trip.
②Parents________________________(对……负责任)their children's safety.
③It's________________________________(他的责任感)that saved all the people's lives.
【答案】　①took respon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sibility for organizing/was responsible for organizing　②are responsible for/take responsibility for　③his sense of responsibility
11．belief n．看法；信念；信任；信仰
People often have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) this belief that development is bad for the environment，but this does not have to be true.(P23)人们通常的看法是发展对环境有害，但这不一定就是真的。
My father hadn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t much belief in doctors of traditional Chinese medicine.我父亲不太相信中医。
Her belief in God remained strong.
她对上帝的信仰坚定如初。
beyond belief难以置信的；不可思议的
in the belief that...相信……
belief in sth./sb.对某事物/某人有信心
It's my belief that...我相信……
believe in信任
I find his behavior beyond belief.
我发觉他的所作所为到了令人难以置信的地步。
He came to me in the belief that I could help him.
他到我这里来，相信我能帮助他。
完成句子
①我相信他是对的。
____________ he is right.
②他相信她会借钱给他，所以上她家拜访。
He called at her house ____________ she would lend him the money.
③对政府的不满已经达到令人难以置信的程度。
Dissatisfaction with the government has grown ____________.
【答案】　①It's my be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lief that/My belief is that　②in the belief that　③beyond belief
12．operate vt.& vi.经营，管理；实施；运转；动手术
The people operati ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng these factories are deeply concerned about the environment.(P23)
这些工厂的经营者非常关心环境。
The doctors decided to operate on her immediately.
医生决定马上给她动手术。
This company is operating a new economic policy.
这个公司正在实行一项新的经济政策。
①operate on sb.给某人动手术
②operation n．手术；运转；实施
perform an operation on sb.为某人做手术
come into operation开始运转；实施起来
put...into operation使运转；使实施
in operation工作中；实施中
Is this rule in operation？这条规则还有效吗？
We will have to perform an operation on his eyes.
我们得给他的眼睛动手术。
完成句子
①这台电梯运转不正常。
The lift ____________.
②这个法律什么时候生效？
When does the law ____________？
③这机器正在运转中。
The machine is ____________.
④这法律已经实施了。
The law has ____________.
【答案】　①doesn't oper ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate properly　②come into operation　③in operation　④been put into operation
13．quantity n．数量
Ms Lin suggested ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we should cut back on the quantity of things we produce in order to save the environment.(P23)林女士建议为了保护环境我们应该削减我们所生产的东西的数量。
What quantity do you require
你要求多大的数量？
in large quantities＝in quantity大量地；很多
a large/great/huge quantity of
＝large/huge quantities of许多的；大量的
This medicine is poisonous if taken in large quantities.
此药大量服用会有害的。
A large quantity o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f books was stored in the library near the playground.
大量的书被保存在操场附近的图书馆里。
Quantities of wat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er in the lake were polluted by the factory producing kinds of cloth.
那个湖里大量的水被制造各种布匹的工厂污染了。
【提示】　a．..quantity of和quantities of在句中作定语，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。
“a...quantity of＋可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用单数形式。
“quantities of＋可数或不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词常用复数形式。
The boss of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the firm says large quantities of food ________ for the winter.
A．has stored B．has been stored
C．have stored D．have been stored
【解析】　quantities of短语作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。所以D项正确。句意：那个公司的老板说已经为冬季储存了大量的粮食。
【答案】　D
14．However，I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do_agree that we should produce more things from materials that have been recycled...(P23)然而，我非常赞同我们应该从再利用的材料中生产出更多东西……
“do/does/did＋动词原形”用在肯定句及祈使句中表示强调。
You do look beautiful today!
你今天真的很美！
We did witness a UFO when climbing the mountains.
我们爬山的时候，真的看见了一个不明飞行物。
翻译句子
①他确实显得很疲倦。
________________________________________________________________________
②她确实写信向你道谢了。
________________________________________________________________________
③千万要忍耐！
________________________________________________________________________
④他们昨天的确来了。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①He does look ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tired.　②She did write to say thank you.　③Do be patient！　④They did come yesterday.
15．use up/run out(of)用完；用光；耗尽
The number of pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople in the world keeps growing，and we are producing more rubbish and using up more raw materials.(P25)世界的人口在不断地增长，并且我们正在制造更多的垃圾，用光了更多的原材料。
What if they run out？(P25)
倘若它们被用光了怎么办？
He has run out of/has used up all his savings.
他已花光了自己所有的积蓄。
We thought i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t would be best to go home before our money ran out/was used up.
我们认为趁我们的钱还没花完最好回家。
Many hospitals are running out of money.
许多医院都快没有资金了。
根据汉语提示完成下列句子
①The earth's resources ____________(正要耗尽)at an alarming rate.
②I need your help，for I __________(已经把钱用完了)．
【答案】　①are being used up/are running out
②have run out of my money/have used up my money
16．What_if they run out？(P25)
如果它们用完了怎么办？
what if为连词词组，表示“如果…… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )怎么办”或“即使……又有什么关系”，位于句首，引导条件句。句中可以用直陈语气，也可用虚拟语气。what if 可看成是what would sb.do if...，what would happen if...或what does it matter if...的省略。
What if it rains when we can't get under shelter
假若下起雨来，我们又没处避雨怎么办？
What if the rumor is true？万一谣传真有其事呢？
What if he gets angry？如果他生气该怎么办？
【教师备课资源】
与what相关的常用短语句型有：
What about...？……怎么样？
Guess what！猜猜发生了什么事！
What(...)for？为什么？(某物)有何用？
(and)what's more而且，更有甚者
what's what事情的真相
what is called 所谓
So what？那又怎么样？
What of it？那又有什么关系？
Now what？/What now？下一步会怎样？下一步怎么办？
What though...？即使……又有什么关系？
翻译句子
①如果这是真的又该如何呢？
________________________________________________________________________
②如果他不同意该怎么办呢？
________________________________________________________________________
③如果他现在回来怎么办？
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①What if i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is true？　②What if he doesn't agree？　③What if he comes back now
17．as long as只要
My dad says he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )doesn't mind a little bit of pollution，as long as it means people have jobs.(P25)
你父亲说只要人们有工作他不介意有一些污染。
As long as you do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n't betray me，I'll do whatever you ask me to.只要你不出卖我，要我做什么我都愿意。
As long as you drive carefully，you will be very safe.
只要你开车小心，你就会很安全。
As long as you study hard，you will have good grades.只要你努力学习，你就会有好的成绩。
As long as you have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a good time，I will do whatever you ask me to.只要你玩得开心，要我做什么我都愿意。
My parents don't mind what job I do ________ I am happy.
A．even though B．as soon as
C．as long as D．as though
【解析】　根据题干意思可知此处是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )条件状语从句，as long as只要，选C。even though引导让步状语从句，意为“即使”；as soon as引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”；as though引导方式状语从句，意为“仿佛，好像”。
【答案】　C
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容。让学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议教师准备适量的含v. ing的句子为学生呈现，让学生观察思考v. ing在句中充当何种成分(定语、状语、补语、表语等)。
●教学流程设计




(见学生用书第34页)
1．The state of our p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arks is very shocking，with_rubbish_everywhere.(P29)
我们公园到处都是垃圾的情形令人非常震惊。
句中with rubbish everywhere是with的复合结构，在句中作状语。
The teacher en ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tered the classroom with a book in his hand.老师手里拿着一本书走进了教室。
I am not used to sleeping with windows open.
我不习惯开着窗户睡觉。
with的复合结构常见方式：
with＋宾语＋
He lay there thinking，with his head on his arms.
他躺在那儿，头枕着胳膊，想着什么。(作伴随状语)
With the meeting over，they left the meeting room.
随着会议结束，他们离开了会议室。(作时间状语)
用with的复合结构完成句子
①他没锁门就离开了家。
He left the house ____________.
②你站在这里，我不能工作。
____________，I can't work.
③买好所需的东西后，母亲回家了。
____________，mother went home.
④她有许多作业要做，所以不跟我出去。
____________，she refused to go out with me.
【答案】　①with t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he door unlocked　②With you standing here　③With everything needed bought　④With much homework to do
2．pick up 捡起；拾起
However，now I just f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind it tiring，because I have to pick up rubbish where I am going to sit.(P29)
然而，现在我发现去公园很令人疲惫，因为我必须要把我要坐的地方的垃圾捡起来。
I picked up your book by mistake.
我拿错了你的书。
I would have picked it up if I had noticed it.
我如果看见的话，我早就把它捡起来了。
pick off摘下来
pick out挑选，选出；辨认出；领会，理解
The bus picks up passengers outside the airport.
公共汽车在机场外接乘客。
Her health picked up after a few days' rest.
休息了几天，她的身体复原了。
See if you can pick ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up anything about their future plans.你看能不能打听到他们未来计划的消息。
①Sam ________ some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.
A．brought up　　　　　　B．looked up
C．picked up D．set up
【解析】　句意：萨姆只通过观察别 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人用电脑就学会了一些电脑知识。bring up提出，养育；look up向上看，好转，查询；pick up自然而然或无意中学会；set up建立。根据题意，故选C。
【答案】　C
②—I heard Back Street Boys would sing at the New Theatre.
—Where did you ________？
A．pick that up B．put that up
C．make that up D．take that up
【解析】　句意：“我听说后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )街男孩要在新剧院里演唱。”“你在哪里听说的？”pick up捡起，听说，恢复生机；put up举起，张贴；make up编造，弥补；take up从事，拿起，占据。故选A。
【答案】　A
3．clean up打扫(或清除)干净
I am sad that the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) young people of today do not clean up after themselves before they leave the park.(P29)
令我感到伤心的是现在的年轻人离开公园前不去清理自己留下的垃圾。
It's your turn to clean the classroom up.
该轮到你们打扫教室了。
Let's clean up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the broken glass immediately before someone walks on it.趁人还没踩上这些碎玻璃，我们赶紧把它们清除干净吧。
People in Taiwan an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d mainland must try hard to understand each other，and ________ misunderstanding.
A．clear up B．take up
C．look up D．clean up
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句意：台湾人民 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和大陆人民之间必须尽最大努力相互理解，消除误解。clear up“收拾；(天气)变晴；消除(误会等)”；take up“拿起；占据；从事”；look up“查寻”；clean up“打扫，整理”。故选A。
【答案】　A
4．shame n．可耻的人或事；羞耻，羞愧
It would be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a shame if they were destroyed because of people's activities there.(P29)如果它们是因为人类在那儿的活动而遭受破坏，那真是一件遗憾的事情。
It's a shame to treat animals like that.
那样对待动物真是太过分了。
He had no sense of shame and never felt guilty.
他毫无羞耻之心，而且从不觉得内疚。
①to one's shame令某人感到羞愧的是
feel shame at...因……而感到羞愧
What a shame！＝What a pity！真遗憾！真可惜！
It's a shame(做)某事真可惜/遗憾
shameful adj.(行为)可耻的；丢脸的
shameless adj.无耻的；不知羞耻的
②ashamed adj.羞愧的(只作表语)
be ashamed of因……感到羞耻
be ashamed to do sth.因惭愧而不情愿；因尴尬而勉强
What a shame that I failed in the midterm examinations！我期中考试不及格，真是遗憾！
Are you not ashamed of your shameful behavior
你不以你的可耻的行为而感到羞愧吗？
用shame，ashamed，shameful填空
①He was ________ to admit his guilt.
②But all these attempts ended in ________ defeat.
③What a ________ for you to cheat others!
【答案】　①ashamed　②shameful　③shame
5．arrest vt.& n．逮捕；拘捕
Two people were arrest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed yesterday at a Paris airport for bringing animals into Europe from South America illegally.(P29)昨天有两人在巴黎一个机场被捕，因为他们非法从南美携带动物进入欧洲。
They immediately reported him and had him arrested.
他们当即告发了他，当场把他抓了起来。
arrest sb.for...因……而逮捕某人
get arrested遭逮捕
be put under arrest被逮捕
He was arrested for the illegal sale of gun.
他因非法贩卖枪支而被捕。
He got arrested for robbery.他因抢劫而被捕。
With the help of the old man the criminals were put under arrest.
在那位老人的帮助下，这些犯罪分子均被逮捕。
The film star got ________ for possession of illegal drugs.
A．arresting B．arrested
C．to arrest D．arrest
【解析】　考查get done ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )结构。句子主语和arrest之间是被动关系，get arrested被逮捕。句意：这位电影明星因私藏非法毒品而被逮捕。
【答案】　B
6．On_taking_off his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )jacket，they found a tortoise.(P29)一脱掉他的夹克，他们就发现一只乌龟。
on/upon(doing)sth.是固定结构，意为“一……就……”。
On seeing the damage he had done，the child felt ashamed.
一看到自己造成的损坏，这个小孩就感到惭愧。
On his arrival at the airport，he called a taxi.
＝On arriving at the airport，he called a taxi.
他一到飞机场就叫了计程车。
Upon finishing his work，he fell sick with tiredness.
工作一做完，他就累倒了。
“一……就……”其他表达法：
as soon as
at＋名词
immediately/instantly/directly＋从句
the moment/the minute/the instant＋从句
hardly...when/no sooner...than...
They set off at first light.他们天一亮就出发了。
As soon as/Immediately they saw us they ran.
＝Hardly had they seen us when they ran.
他们一看到我们就逃跑。
【提示】　Hardly...wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en...，No sooner...than...句子中主句常把had倒装到主语之前，即Hardly had...when...，No sooner had...than...。
—Did you remember to give Jenny the money
—Yes.________ I saw her，I'm sure.
A．So long as　　　　B．So far as
C．The moment D．Any time
【解析】　the moment一……就；so long as只要；so far as就……而言；any time任何时候。
【答案】　C
7．I liked_it_when you told that joke.(P31)
我喜欢你讲那个笑话。
本句中like后加形式宾语it，再加when引导的从句作真正的宾语从句。
She won't like it if you arrive late.
她不喜欢你迟到。
He hates it when people use his bike.
他讨厌别人用他的自行车。
enjoy，like，di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )slike，love，hate，prefer，appreciate等表示情绪的动词后接if从句或when从句时，通常应先在动词后接it作形式宾语。
We really appreciate it when she offered to help.
她来帮忙了，我们十分感激。
I'd prefer it if I didn't have to do so much work.
要是我不必做那么多工作，就太好了。
完成句子
①我喜欢她笑时的样子。
I ______________ she smiles.
②我不喜欢别人问我的家事。
I ____________ when someone asks about my family.
【答案】　①like it when　②hate it
　
观察下列句子，判断画线部分在句中充当什么成分。
1．What you did is disappointing.(　　)
2．I saw a crying boy just now in the park.(　　)
3．I saw a boy crying just now in the park.(　　)
4．We sat there talking_to_each_other.(　　)
5．They often communicate with each other，using_English.(　　)
6．Being_a_student，I must work hard.(　　)
7．Both his parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) died in the war，leaving_him_alone_in_the_world.(　　)
【答案】　1.表语　2.定语　3.宾语补足语　4.伴随状语
5．方式状语　6.原因状语　7.结果状语
现在分词
一、现在分词的时态和语态
现在分词的构成一般为“动词＋ing”，否定式在分词前加not。现在分词有一般式和完成式。现在分词还有主动和被动两种形式。
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 doing being done
一般式的否定式 not doing not being done
完成式 having done having been done
完成式的否定式 not having done not having been done
二、现在分词的句法功能
1．现在分词具有形容词的特征，在句中可充当表语、定语和宾语补足语。
功能 作用 例句
作表语 现在分词作表语说明主语的性质和特征。 The dinner looks inviting.晚餐看起来诱人。
The news is inspiring.这消息鼓舞人心。
作定语 现在分词作定语可以放在被修饰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的名词之前，称为前置定语，也可放在被修饰的名词之后，称为后置定语。现在分词作定语可表示所修饰的人或物的动作或状态。 a sleeping baby
一个睡觉的婴儿
The building being built now is a hospital.现在正在建造的那座建筑是一所医院。
作宾语
补足语 现在分词可以在“主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构中充当宾语补足语。这种结构如使用被动语态，现在分词便是主语补足语。 He saw the children playing in the yard.他看见孩子们正在院子里玩儿。
He was seen going upstairs.有人看见他正在上楼。
2.现在分词(短语)具有副词的特征，在句中可充当状语成分。
现在分词作状语，表示时间、原因、条件、结果 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、方式或伴随情况，相当于一个相应的状语从句。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。如果分词的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或谓语动词动作紧接着分词发生要用doing形式；如果分词的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，要用having done形式；如果分词的动作与主语是被动关系，又表示与谓语动词动作同时发生，则要用being done形式。
(1)时间状语
Hearing the good news，he jumped with great joy.
＝When he heard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the good news，he jumped with great joy.听到那个好消息的时候，他高兴地跳了起来。
(2)条件状语
Working hard，you will succeed.
＝If you work hard，you will succeed.
努力工作，你会成功的。
(3)原因状语
Being ill，she was in hospital.
＝Because she was ill，she was in hospital.
由于她生病了，所以住院了。
(4)让步状语
Having failed many times，he didn't lose heart.
＝Though he had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )failed many times，he didn't lose heart.虽然失败了很多次，但是他没有失去信心。
(5)结果状语
His grandfather died，leaving him a lot of money.
他的祖父去世了，留给他一大笔钱。
(6)方式状语
Please answer the question using another way.
请用另一种方式回答这个问题。
(7)伴随状语，此时现在分词可以转化为一个并列句
Talking and laughi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng，the children walked one by one into the classroom.
＝The children wal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ked one by one into the classroom and they talked and laughed.
【教师备课资源】
独立成分作状语：
有些分词短语，其形式的选择不受上下文的影响，称作独立成分。常见的有：
generally/frankly speaking一般说来/坦白地说
judging from根据……来判断
considering...考虑到……
speaking of说到；谈及
talking of说起
Judging from his face，he was angry.
从他的脸色看，他很生气。
Frankly speaking，I don't agree with you.
坦白地说，我不同意你的话。
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料并根据材料得出结论。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的观点和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握设计海报，学写有关环境问题的新闻报道。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是通过对三篇文章的学习使学生了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解沙漠化及其解决办法，了解长江及周围环境状况，温室气体的过度排放造成的全球变暖问题，让学生在以后的日常生活中学会保护环境，践行低碳生活。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议从复习现在分词导入新课。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。

　　　　



(见学生用书第37页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P38课文，选择最佳答案
1．At present，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )environmental problems of the Yangtze River have raised concern both nationally and internationally.(　　)
2．The Green River Organization is to protect water resource.(　　)
3．The white flag do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lphin is the most endangered animal in the world.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　T　F　F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P33课文，选择最佳答案
1．How many solutions to desertification are mentioned in the passage
A．Three.　　　B．Four.　　　C．Five.　　　
2．What is a key ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )part of China's work with the UN to stop desertification
A．The Green Wall.　　B．CNDMC.　　C．UNCCD.
3．What can we do at a national or international level
A．Share the Internet.
B．Share information internationally.
C．Pick out the area without desertification.
【答案】　1.B　2.B　3.B
(见学生用书第38页)
1．queue up 排队等候
With the opening o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the city's Modern Art Museum，hundreds of people queued up to be among the first to view modern paintings.(P32)
随着城市现代艺术馆的开放，数百人排除等候，希望成为第一批欣赏现代艺术的人。
He patiently queues up at the bus stop every day.
他每天都耐心地在公共汽车站排队。
queue up for为……而排队
queue up to do排队做
They're queuing up to see a film.
他们正排队等候看电影。
If you want to see the film，you will have to ________ for tickets.
A．queue up　　　　　　B．warm up
C．give up D．speed up
【解析】　queue up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“排队，列队”；warm up“(使)暖和起来”；give up“放弃”；speed up“加速”，故A项符合题意。
【答案】　A
2．decrease vt.& vi.减少 n．减少
This is one of the che ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )apest and best ways of decreasing desertification.(P33)这是减少沙漠化最经济、最好的方法之一。
The traffic accidents in the city decreased last year.
该城市去年交通事故减少了。
Interest in the sport is decreasing.
人们对此项运动的兴趣已逐渐淡漠。
There has been a decrease in imports.
进口货物有所减少。
decrease to减少到
decrease by减少了
decrease in sth.降低(减少)某物
on the decrease在减少
The members of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )association have decreased to three hundred.学会的会员减少至三百人。
The import for the goods has decreased by 50%.
货物的进口下降了50%。
完成句子
①Homelessness in Chin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a is________________________________________________________________________
(在减少)．
②The number of the new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) students ________________ (减少到)500 this new term.
【答案】　①on the decrease/decreasing　②decreases to
3．measure n．措施；方法；尺度 vt.测量；估量；判定
The centre has over ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 300 scientists devoted to finding measures that will stop desertification.(P33)
中心有三百多名科学家致力于找到治理沙漠化的方法。
The metre is a measure of length.米是长度单位。
The room measures 12 by 20 feet.
房间的面积是12×20英尺。
She works ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd and doesn't measure the cost to her health.她工作勤恳并不考虑身体代价。
take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
make...to one's own measure按某人的尺寸做……
measure up to/with sth.达到/符合……标准
Does your diet measure up？你的饮食符合标准吗？
We should take appr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opriate measures to improve our teaching.我们应当采取适当的措施提高教学质量。
The tailor made a suit to my measure.
裁缝是按我自己的尺寸做了一套衣服。
完成句子
①It's high tim ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e that we ________________________________________________________________________
(采取措施保护)endangered animals.
②I had the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uit made ________________________________________________________________________
(按我的尺寸)．
【答案】　①took measures to protect　②to my measure
4．pick out 找出，挑选；辨认出
There are al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so things that can be done at a national or international level，such as sharing information between countries and using satellites to pick out areas likely to be affected by desertification.(P33)还有些事情需要国家的力量或通过国际间的合作才能完成。如国与国之间共享信息资源的方法，利用卫星找出可能会受到沙漠化影响的地区。
I have picked out the bad tomatoes from the basket.
我把篮子里的坏西红柿拣出来了。
The bird picked the nut out of the walnut.
鸟从坚果里啄出肉来。
At once I picked out my elder brother in the crowd.
我立刻在人群中认出我大哥来。
pick out/choose/select
pick out 指按个人喜好或希望进行挑选，是仔细挑剔和苛刻地选择，多用于有形的东西。
select 指从同类的许多东西中仔细辨别后选择，挑选“最合适的”，有“精选”的含义。
choose 通常指在所提供的对象中，凭个人的判断力进行选择，是最普遍的用语。
You can pick out your new bicycle.
你可以为自己挑选一辆新的自行车。
He looked through the clothes and selected the cheapest one for me.
他在那些衣服里挑了一阵，挑了一件最便宜的给我。
Choose the best answer.选择最佳答案。
用pick out，select，choose填空
①She was ________ from thousands for the job.
②She ________ the red sweater rather than the pink one.
③Our shops ________ only the very best quality produce.
【答案】　①picked out　②chose　③select
5．This is when_you_must_draw_a_conclusion.(P34)
这时你必须得出一个结论。
when you must draw a conclusion是表语从句。
This is when you must consider the question.
这时你必须考虑这一问题。
表语从句在复合句中作表语，对主语的内容加以补 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )充，有时说明主语的状态。它位于主句的连系动词后，引导表语从句的词有连词that，whether，as if，连接代词who，what，which，连接副词when，where，how，why等。
This is where our problem lies.
这就是我们的问题所在。
The problem is whether the meeting will be held.
问题是会议是否召开。
完成句子
①My suggestion is __________________________________(我们应该削减产量)．
②China is no longer ____________________________(过去的样子了)．
【答案】　①that we (should) cut back on production
②what it used to be
6．Nor_is_it good ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws for the wide range of fish and wildlife that live in or along the river.(P38)
对生活在江中或岸边的大量鱼类和野生动物来说也是个不好的消息。
(1)本句中的Nor is it 属于 “n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or/neither＋be/助动词/情态动词＋主语”这一倒装句式中的一种，表示上文的否定情况也适合于另一个人或物，为部分倒装。
—He doesn't like swimming.——他不喜欢游泳。
—Nor/Neither do I．——我也如此。
Nor did he le ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t the disease stop him from living the kind of life he had always dreamt of.
他也没有让病魔阻止他过上他一直梦想的生活。
①当表示上面的肯定情况也适用于另一人或物时，用“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋sb./sth.”，译为“某人/物也是这样”。
若前面所述的句子谓语动词形式不同时，注意选择另外两个句型：so it is with...；it is the same with...。
②“so＋sb./sth.＋助动词/系动词/情态动词”表示说话人对前面或对方所说的情况的赞同或证实。
③“主语＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋so”表示某人/物做了那件事。
He is studying in a college，and so am I.
他在一所大学学习，我也是。
Mary is from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )England and speaks English.So it is/It is the same with Tom.
玛丽来自英国，并且讲英语，汤姆也一样。
完成句子
①Tom says you work har ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d.________________________________________________________________________(你确实是这样)
and________________________________________________________________________(他也如此)．
②Charlie likes footba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll，but he can't play it well.________________(汤姆也是)．
【答案】　①So you do；so does he　②So it is with Tom或It is the same with Tom
(2)range n．范围；一系列；山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列，排序
He has a wide range of interests/knowledge.
他兴趣广泛/知识广博。
These issues fall outside the range of the enquiry.
这些问题不在调查范围之内。
Their reactions ranged from anger to embarrassment.
他们的反应不一，有的愤怒，有的感到尴尬。
a range of 一系列……；射程；范围
in/out of the range of在/超出……范围
out of one's range 某人能力达不到的，某人知识以外的
range from...to...在……范围内变动，包括(由……到……)之间的各类事物
range between...and...在……和……范围内变动
Prices range between ￡7 and ￡10.
售价在7英镑和10英镑之间。
Their ages range from 25 to 50.
他们的年龄在25岁到50岁之间。
完成句子
③这炮的射程为五英里。
The gun has ____________ five miles.
④估计损失在100万到500万元之间。
Estimates of the dama ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ge________________D|S1 million________D|S5 million.
⑤她做过许多不同的工作，从厨师到游泳教练。
She has had a numb ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er of different jobs，________chef________swimming instructor.
【答案】　③a range of　④range between；and　⑤ranging from；to
7. under way 进行中；进展中
Two special government projects are also under way.
还有两个政府特别项目正在实施之中。
We have several plans under way.
我们已将几项计划付诸实施。
under construction在建设中
under consideration在考虑中
under control在控制中
under treatment在治疗中
under repair在修复中
under discussion在讨论中
Everything is under control.
一切都处于控制之下。
Many questions are under discussion.
许多问题正在讨论。
【教师备课资源】
另外，at，in和on也可以用来表示在进行中的概念。
at work在工作　　at table在用餐
in question在讨论 in bloom在开花
on duty在值班 on show/exhibition在展览
完成句子
①新地铁尚在建设中。
The new subway is still ____________.
②现在你的车还正在维修。
At present your car is ____________.
③换句话说，经济正处于增长进程中。
In other words，the process of economic growth is ____________.
【答案】　①under construction　②under repair　③under way
8．in/with regard to 关于；至于
We still have a lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng way to go to solve all the problems in regard to the Yangtze River.(P38)要解决有关长江的所有问题，我们还有很长的一段路要走。
I have nothing to say in regard to that matter.
关于那件事我没什么要说的。
In regard to human rights，we'd better be careful.
关于人权问题，我们最好谨慎一些。
①regarding关于
②regard...as把……看作
in this/that regard在这方面；在这一点上
give my best regards (to sb.)
请代问候(某人)；请代向某人致意
as regards关于；至于
③regardless of不管；不顾
You needn't worry as regards the cost of the operation.
你无需担心手术的费用。
He insisted on going out，regardless of the heavy rain.
他不顾下着大雨，坚持要出去。
完成句子
①He continued ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) speaking，____________________ (不顾)my feelings on the matter.
②I'll write you later ______________(关于) this matter.
③We ________________(把他看作) a real friend of us.
【答案】　①regardless of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/without regard to　②in regard to/regarding　③regard him as
9．appreciate vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会
The efforts of the Ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inese government and people to protect this much loved river will be appreciated for years to come.(P38)中国政府和人民保护这条他们所挚爱的河流的努力在将来是会得到后人肯定的。
I really appreciate your coming to the party.
真高兴你能来参加这次聚会。
You can't fully appre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ciate foreign literature in translation.看翻译作品很难欣赏到外国文学的精髓。
①appreciate＋n./pron.欣赏/感激……
appreciate(one's)doing sth.欣赏/感激(某人)做某事
I would appreciate it if...如果……，我将不胜感激
②appreciation n．欣赏；感激，感谢
③appreciative adj.有欣赏力的；感激的
I would like to exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ress my appreciation and thanks to you all.我想对你们所有人表达我的感激和谢意。
I appreciate it if it could be arranged.
如果你们能作出安排，我将不胜感激。
【提示】　appreciate作“感激”时，其后不能接人作宾语。其后跟宾语从句if，when等时，需要加形式宾语it。
10．let off排放；燃放，(使)爆炸；放过，宽恕
However，many other human activities also let off carbon gases.(P39)
然而，人类的许多其他活动也会释放出二氧化碳。
The boys were letting off fireworks to celebrate the coming New Year.
男孩子在放烟火来庆祝即将到来的新年。
The old woman prayed to be let off.
这个老太太祈祷被宽恕。
let sb./sth. down使失望；降低
let alone更不用说
let out泄露，发出；出租；放大
let in欺骗；漏水
She let out a scream of terror.
她发出恐怖的叫喊。
He let me in.他把我骗了。
【教师备课资源】
let相关短语：
let sb.out放某人出去；释放某人
let sb.through评定(某人)及格
let up减弱，缓和；减少；放松
let sb.do sth.让某人做某事
let sb./sth.go放开；松手；放弃
完成句子
①She ____________(没被处罚)with a warning.
②The boys are fond of ____________(燃放)fireworks.
③At the sight of the accident，she ____________(发出)a cry of terror.
④This machine won't ____________(让你失望)．
⑤The baby can not even walk，____________(更不用说)run.
【答案】　①was let off　②letting off　③let out
④let you down　⑤let alone
11．Therefore，the_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more petrol and electricity we consume，the_more carbon we are letting off.(P39)因此，我们消耗的汽油和电力越多，燃放的碳就越多。
“the more...the more...”句型的用法归纳如下：
“the more...the more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )...”句型常表示“越……就越……”，是一个复合句，其中前面的句子是状语从句，后面的句子是主句。主从句的时态常用一般现在时或一般过去时。若主句的谓语动词用一般将来时，从句的谓语动词就要用一般现在时表示将来。
The faster you run，the better it will be.
你跑得越快越好。
The higher the ground is，the thinner the air becomes.
离地面越高，空气就越稀薄。
The harder he worked，the more he got.
他工作越努力，得到的就越多。
【提示】　在含有the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore...the more...的句子中，有时根据具体语境可以使用省略结构。The more，the better.越多越好。The sooner，the better.越快越好。
In recent years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) travel companies have succeeded in selling us the idea that the further we go，________.
A．our holiday will be better
B．our holiday will be the better
C．the better our holiday will be
D．the better will our holiday be
【解析】　句意：近年来旅游公司已经成功兜售给我们这样一种观念，走得愈远假期愈好。根据题意，故选C。
【答案】　C
12．in this case在这种情况下；如果这样的话
In this case ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，public transport such as buses and the underground are always much better choices than a private car or a taxi.(P39)在这种情况下，公共交通比方说公共汽车和地铁，相对于私人汽车或出租车而言是较好的选择。
You don't like your jo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )b.In this case，why don't you leave？你不喜欢你的工作。这样的话，你为什么不辞掉它呢？
Time is an important consideration in this case.
在这种情况下，时间是一个要考虑的重要因素。
in case 以防万一
in case＋从句 以防……的情况发生
in case of...以防……的情况
in no case决不(置于句首，句子倒装)
in any case无论如何
It may rain；you' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d better take an umbrella just in case.可能下雨，你最好带把伞，以防万一。
The meeting will be put off in case it rains.
若遇下雨，会议将延期举行。
The doctor asked us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to call him during the night except in case of necessity.
医生吩咐我们，除非必须，否则不要在夜里叫他。
【教师备课资源】
“绝不”还有以下几种表达法：on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) no condition；on no account；under no circumstances；in no way，by no means等。
完成句子
①在这种情况下，你最好早起。
____________，you'd better get up early.
②我根本没有注意到他早退了。
____________ have I noticed that he left early.
③现在抱怨毫无意义，不管怎样我们明天都要离开。
There's no point complaining now—we're leaving tomorrow ____________.
【答案】　①In this case　②In no case　③in any case
13．in particular 尤其；特别
In particular，met ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al products and paper products require a lot of energy to produce，so you should find ways to use these again without throwing them away.(P39)尤其是金属产品和纸质产品需要消耗大量能源来生产，因此你应该找到重复使用这些产品的方法，而不是把它们扔掉。
The whole meal was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )good but the wine in particular was excellent.整顿饭都很好，尤其是葡萄酒更好。
The boy loves science fiction in particular.
这个男孩特别喜爱科幻小说。
①be particular about/over对……讲究；挑剔
②particularly adv.特别；尤其
I particularly want to see that film.
我特别想看那部电影。
She's very particular about what she wears.
她对衣着很讲究。
完成句子
①她的问题并没有针对任何人。
She directed the question at no one ________________.
②晚上开车要特别小心。
________________ when driving at night.
③她过分讲究吃。
She is particular ________________.
【答案】　①in particular　②Be particularly careful
③about what she eats
14．absorb vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注
Last but not least ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，you can plant a tree，because trees absorb the carbon dioxide in the air to produce oxygen.(P39)最后但也是最重要的，你可以种上一棵树，因为树木吸收空气中的二氧化碳以产生氧气。
His business absorbs him.他专心致志地处理业务。
The toilet paper absorbs water quickly.
卫生纸吸水非常快。
①be absorbed in...全神贯注于……；专心于……
be absorbed by 被……所吞没；被……所吸收
absorb one's attention吸引某人的注意
②absorbed adj.被吸收的；精神集中的
③absorption n．吸收；专注
He was absorbed in the novel so he didn't notice me coming in.
他全神贯注地看小说，所以没有注意到我进来。
In cold climate ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s，houses need to have walls that will absorb heat.在寒冷的气候中，房子需要有吸收热量的墙。
I found him sitting in his chair，completely ________ a magazine.
A．absorbing B．being absorbed in
C．absorbed in D．absorbing in
【解析】　句意为“我发现他坐在他的椅子上，完全沉浸在一本杂志中。”be absorbed in...全神贯注于……，根据句意可知选C。
【答案】　C
海报写作
英文海报是英语应用文中的重要体裁，使用场合非常广，是一种宣传广告，它包括招聘广告、活动宣传和人物介绍等。
一、海报的写作格式和内容
海报一般由主题、正文和落款三部分组成。这里主要讨论这类海报的写作方法。
二、策略指导与解题技巧
1．明确海报的类型：
明确你要写的海报是招聘广告、活动宣传还是人物介绍，准确表达其应有的内容和特点。
2．明确海报的语言特点：
海报不同于其它类型的书面表达 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，它属于广告，要求用最短的文字包含最多的信息，以达到醒目的效果。因此海报多用省略句、缩略语及类似的语言，同学们应注意这些语言特点。
3．突出重要信息：
为进一步增强海报的醒目性，一些重要信息还常常被分行突出，并且在其前面用粗点、星号等特殊符号表示强调。
三、常用的表达方式
1．招聘广告
Would you like...
If your answer is“Yes”，we have a job for you as a(n)．..
You should...
Be good at...
Have...years of work experience
Be able to speak...and use...
Please call...if you want to...
2．活动宣传
The time：from...to
Aim：to raise money to help poor children
3．人物介绍
Date of birth：...
Place of birth：...
Appearance：...
Career：...
Talent(s)：...
请依据以下信息写一份海报。
为增强同学们的环保意识，提高同学们的英语口 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语水平，我校学生会经研究决定于10月15日下午2∶00在学校教学楼5楼礼堂举办一场关于“要经济还是要环境”的英语辩论会。每班要选三名学生代表本班参加，参加人员名单须于9月30日以前交至学生会办公室；以班为单位奖励前五名。
参考词汇：礼堂auditorium；学生会the Students' Union
[思路分析]
这是一篇活动宣传海报，因此在正文中要写明活动的目的和意义，并具体写明活动的地点、时间及主要内容。写作中要注意表达顺序和句式的完整性。
[词汇热身]
1．为了________
2．环保意识________
3．决定干某事________
4．代表________
5．上交________
【答案】　1.in order to　2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sense of environmental protection　3.determine to do sth.　4.on behalf of　5.hand in
[句式预演]
1．学生会决定组织一场英语辩论会。
The Students' Union ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )____________________________________an English debate.
2．这次辩论会将于10月15日下午2∶00举行。
The debate __________________________ at 2∶00 pm on Oct.15th.
3．每班要选三名学生代表本班参加。
Each class oug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht to select three students ______________________________________.
4．参加人员名单须于9月30日前交至学生会办公室。
The list of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the participants ____________________ the Students' Union office before Sep.30th.
【答案】　1.has d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etermined to organize 　2.is going to be held　3.to take part in the debate on behalf of their class
4．must be handed in to
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
The Economy or the Environment
In order to (为了) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )strengthen the students' sense of environmental protection and improve their ability to speak English，the Students' Union has determined to organize(决定组织)an English debate on “The economy or the environment”．
The debate is going t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o be held in the school's auditorium on the fifth floor(在第五层)of the teaching building at 2∶00 p．m.on Oct.15th.Each class ought to select 3 students to take part in(去参加)the debate on behalf of their class(代表他所在的班级)．The list of the participants must be handed in(上交)to the Students' Union office before Sep.30th.The first five class will be awarded.
The students'union
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ n．顾问
2．________ n．& v．辩论；争论；讨论
3．________ n．产量；生产
4．________ vt.& vi.回收利用
5．________ adj.贪婪的；贪心的
6．________ n．赞扬；称赞；认可；信用；信誉；学分
7．________ n．数量
8．________ adj.愿意的；乐意的
9．________ n．商品；货品
10．________ vt.& vi.用泵输送；涌出；涌流
11．________ n．女士；夫人
12．________ vt.& n．逮捕
13．________ n．海关；关税
14．________ n．羽毛
15．________ vi.& n. 冲突；矛盾
16．________ v．& n．减少
17．________ n．措施；方法；尺度vt.测量；估量；判定
18．________ n．管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府
19．________ n．范围；一系列；山脉vi.(在一定范围内)变化；包括；排列；排序
20．________ n．(对自然环境的)保护
21．________ n．气候
22．________ adj.低碳的
23．________ n．交通工具；车辆
24．________ n．发动机；引擎
25．________ adj.专指的；特指的；特别的；讲究的；挑剔的
26．________ vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注
27．________ n．十年
【答案】　1.consultant　2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )debate　3.production　4.recycle　5.greedy　6.credit　7.quantity　8.willing
9．goods　10.pump　11.madam　12.arrest　13.customs
14．feather　15.conflict　16.decrease　17.measure
18．administration　1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )9.range　20.conservation　21.climate　22.low carbon　23.vehicle　24.engine　25.particular　26.absorb　27.decade
B．词汇拓展
28．________ n．责任；职责→________ adj.有责任的
29．________ n．看法；信念→________ vt.相信
30．________ adj.环境的→________ n．环境
31．________ vt.& vi.经营；动手术→________ n．经营；手术
32．________ adv.非法地→________ adj.非法的→________ adj.合法的
33．________ vt.使印象深刻→________ n．印象
34．________ vt.欣赏，赞赏；感谢；领会→________ n．欣赏；感谢
35．________ adj.电的；用电的→________ adj.带电的
→________ n．电
36．________ vt.消耗，耗费；消费→________ n．消费者；用户；顾客
【答案】　28.responsibilit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y→responsible　29.belief→believe　30.environmental→environment　31.operate→operation　32.illegally→illegal→legal　33.impress→impression　34.appreciate→appreciation　35.electrical→electric→electricity　36.consume→consumer
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．____________减少；削减；缩减
2．____________自由发言
3．____________打扫(或清除)干净
4．____________排队等候
5．____________找出；挑选
6．____________关于；至于
7．____________use up
8．____________run out(of)
9．____________under way
10．____________let off
11．____________in particular
12．____________do one's part
【答案】　1.cut back ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) on　2.open the floor　3.clean up　4.queue up　5.pick out　6.in/with regard to　7.用尽　8