【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版必修五教师用书Unit 3　Science and nature

Unit 3　Science and nature
【美文阅读】　
克隆动物早已不再“犹抱琵琶半遮面”。为了保护克隆的福利，欧盟委员会这次走得更远……
EC approves the sale of cloned young into the food chain
The European Commiss ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion has published a report approving the right of member states to sell cloned animals' young and their products into the food chain.
The commission said a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ban would not be proper in terms of protecting animal welfare and public health.It added that a clone traceability(可追踪)system would be needed，because food from the clones' young “cannot be distinguished from food from other animals”．
The move could cause ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a big change from the UK Food Standards Agency(FSA) which at present forbids the sale of food from the clones' young without a license—farmer Steven Innes was found to have done so last year and should be punished.Under the Commission's proposal，Mr.Innes would not be punished.Indeed all farmers in the UK would be able to buy materials from clones from outside the European Union and sell their products into the food chain.
George Lyon，L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iberal Democrat MEP for Scotland，said，“It's clear that the FSA is out of line with the rest of member states in how it explains the present rules and，of course，under these new rules，it still is out of line.So hopefully they will come to their senses and see they do have to move on this subject.”
【诱思导学】
1．What's the passage mainly about
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why is a ban on ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) selling cloned animals not suitable for the present situation
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.The sale of clo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned young has been made legal by EC.或：The EC approves the sale of cloned young into the food chain.
2．Considering ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cloned animals have appeared，there is a possibility that people sell them and get food from them.If there is a ban，some people may sell them illegally and then it's likely to prevent animal welfare and public health from protection.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课中课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本文是一篇科学报道，介绍两名读者的来信 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。有关科学的文章需要学生了解其中的科学术语，因此在预习过程中先从整体上理解课文，再通过反复朗读以弄清科学术语的意思。并通过对文章的预习了解当前克隆技术发展的成就及人们对此技术的不同态度。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议教师以课本第41页的图片导入新课，要求学生分组讨论四幅图片，并提出问题：
1．What do you know about cloning
2．What other cloned animals do you know about
3．Do you think it w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ould be a good idea to clone humans some day？Why or why not
●教学流程设计

师生共同讨论并统一答案。
　　　　



　　　　
(见学生用书第47页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P42的Reading部分，根据课文内容填空(每空不超过3个单词)
【答案】　1.cells　2.not legal/illegal　3.research
4．succeeded/been successful　5.Negative　6.save
7．birth　8.died　9.nature　10.wrong
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P42的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．The announcemen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of successful human embryo cloning has caused much debate because ________.
A．people still have no clear idea about the results of human cloning
B．valuable tissues and organs can be used to save humans
C．mankind is going to produce terrible monsters
2．The success of the cloned sheep Dolly has proved that ________.
A．cloning will create more diseases in the animal world
B．cloned animals will die at a much younger age than normal
C．man has been able to produce an exact copy from an adult cell
3．According to the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assage，what is the real intention of Ian Wilmut's cloning research
A．To create copies of humans in the end.
B．To destroy human embryos in the end.
C．To cure deadly diseases eventually.
4．How does a woman who cannot give a birth benefit from cloning
A．She can have a baby by using another woman's egg.
B．She can have a cloned baby.
C．She can adopt someone else's child by cloning.
5．What can we infer from the whole passage
A．Cloning animals is illegal in Italy.
B．Chinese scientis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ts are trying to benefit mankind by using cloning technology.
C．Chinese scientists want to be the first to clone a human baby.
【答案】　1－5　ACCBB
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词的适当形式填空，完成课文缩写
against；announce；an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xiety；benefit；clone；consequence；disagree；effort；medical；tissue
Recently it has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) been 1.________that some scientists have managed to 2.________the first human embryo.People hold different views about the matter.Some insist that the world will 3.________from the technology by using copied 4.________to save human lives.Others 5.________with the idea.They are strongly 6.________it for fear that nature will go out of its usual way as a 7.________of the technology.Despite the 8.________caused among some people，some scientists are carrying out further researches into the field.Perhaps a cloned human baby is on the way.Chinese scientists have made progress as well.But their
9．________are focus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed on cloning animals and cloned tissues for 10.________treatment.Like other technologies，clone has two sides，too.Who can tell what it will bring to the world
【答案】　1.announced　2.clone　3.benefit　4.tissues
5．disagree　6.against　7.consequence　8.anxiety
9．efforts　10.medical
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．adopt　　A．correct in every detail，accurate
2．anxiety B．an idea or a principle connected with sth.abstract
3．concept C．activities that are against the law
4．crime D．allowed or required by law
5．exact E．a doctor who is a specialist in general medicine
6．intention F．to use or accept a method or a suggestion
7．legal G．what you plan to do；your aim
8．physician H．the state of feeling nervous or worried
【答案】　1.F　2.H　3.B　4.C　5.A　6.G　7.D　8.E
Ⅱ.短语填空
on the one hand，on th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e other hand；concentrate on；make sense；for sale；benefit from；succeed in；toy with；push ahead with；in agreement with
1．All of us will ________ the new science and technology.
2．Whatever difficulty we may face，we will ________ our project.
3．What he said at the meeting ________.
4．With the loud noise outside，I can hardly ________ my study.
5．________ the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y are tired of the life they're living now for they are always too busy，but ________ they don't want to give up their jobs that can bring in great income.
6．Jack ________ passing the exam，which made his parents very proud.
【答案】　1.benefit from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　2.push ahead with　3.made sense　4.concentrate on　5.On the one hand，on the other hand　6.succeeded in
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．While cloning hum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing ahead with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.
尽管克隆人类胚胎在很多国家还不合法，但一些科学家正在加紧研究，以制造出克隆的人类婴儿。
2．If_I_had the chanc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e，I would clone her immediately so that I could be with her again.如果有机会，我会立刻克隆她出来，这样我就能重新和她在一起了。
3．When_reading article ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s about science，we often come across difficult scientific terms.当我们阅读有关科学的文章时，我们经常会遇到一些很难的术语。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会赞成与反对的表达方法。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的核心，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师可以通过检查上堂课所布置的作业导入新课。
●教学流程设计


　　　　

(见学生用书第49页)
1．on the one hand... on the other hand...一方面……另一方面……
On the one hand，so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me scientists point out that if you clone an embryo...On the other hand many people，including some scientists...(P42)
一方面，一些科学家指出，如果克隆人类胚胎……另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的很多人……
I want to go to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) party，but on the other hand I ought to be studying.我想去参加聚会，但从另一方面来说，我应该留下来学习。
on the one hand...on the other hand.../
for one thing...for another...
on the one
hand...on
the other hand... 意为“一方面……另一方面……”，常用来表达不同的两个方面。
for one thing...
for another... 意为“首先……再者……；一方面……另一方面……”，陈述的两个方面的情况常常一致。
On the one hand，rapi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d development of the economy will improve the living conditions of the people.On the other hand，it will speed up environmental destruction.
一方面，快速发展的经济将会改善人民的生活条件。另一方面，它将加快对环境的破坏。
They all like her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).For one thing，she teaches well；for another，she is kind hearted.
他们都喜欢她，一则她教得好，再则她心地善良。
【教师备课资源】　
hand的相关短语
give sb.a hand＝lend(sb.)a hand＝help sb.
帮某人一个忙
do sth.by hand手工做某物
hand in sth.上交
hand out分发
hand over sth.to sb.移交
hand down传下去
at hand在手边；在附近
in hand手头现有的；正在进行的；在处理中
hand in hand手拉手
Hands off！请勿动手！不许干涉！
Hands up！举起手来！
用on the one hand.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).on the other hand，for one thing...for another...完成句子
①一方面我必须工作；另一方面我有许多来宾要照看。
________________ I have to work；______________ I have many visitors to care for.
②首先我们没有时间，其次我们没有足够的钱。
______________ there isn't time；____________ we haven't enough money.
【答案】　①On the one hand；on the other hand
②For one thing；for another
单项填空
③On the one ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd I want to sell the house，but ______ I can't bear the thought of moving.
A．on the contrary　　　B．for example
C．in general D．on the other hand
【解析】　考查固定短语的含 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )义。句意：一方面我想把房子卖掉，但另一方面，我又不愿意搬家。A项意为“恰恰相反”；B项意为“例如”；C项意为“大致说来”；D项意为“另一方面”，根据句意选D。
【答案】　③D
2．point out指出
On the one hand，some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scientist point out that if you clone an embryo，you can produce valuable human tissues...(P42)一方面，一些科学家指出，如果克隆人类胚胎，你就可以制造出宝贵的人体组织了……
There are some mistake ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s in your pronunciation.Would you mind my pointing them out
你的发音有些错误，我给你指出来你介意吗？
He pointed out that it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) was very important to master a foreign language.
他指出，掌握一门外语是很重要的。
point sth.out (to sb.)(向某人)指出某事
point out that...指出；告知……
point to指向
point at指着；瞄准
point sth.at...把某物指向……
When the mista ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke was pointed out to him，he hastened to correct it.当有人向他指出错误时，他赶紧纠正。
The hands of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) clock pointed to half past eight.It was time we put our children to bed.
钟的指针指在八点半上，我们该让孩子们上床睡觉了。
It's rude to point your fingers at people.
用手指指人是很失礼的。
【教师备课资源】　
in point of fact事实上；实际上
point of view态度；观点
on the point of doing即将做
at the point of在……时刻
to the point中肯；扼要；切中要害
off the point离题
make one's point证明自己的主张正确
a turning point转折点
There is no point(in)doing sth.
做某事没有意义；做某事没有必要。
when it comes to the point
一旦紧急；到紧要关头
用适当的介/副词填空
①He pointed the telescope ________ a deer on the hillside.
②If I make any mistakes，please point them ________.
③I pointed ________ my head，saying “In here.”
【答案】　①at　②out　③to
单项填空
④In fact，I should ________ that all of the paintings on display are fakes.
A．point out B．turn out
C．try out D．put out
【解析】　考查短语含义。point o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut“指出”；turn out“结果是”；try out“实验”；put out“扑灭”。根据题意，只有A项符合。
【答案】　④A
3．toy with戏弄，摆弄；把……当作儿戏；(不太认真地)考虑
On the other hand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，many people，including some scientists，disagree and are afraid that，if mankind toys with nature in this way，we may be on our way to producing a real life Frankenstein's monster.(P42)
另一方面，包括一些科学家在内的许多人持不同意见，他们担心人类如果如此戏弄自然，我们可能将制造出一个现实生活中弗兰肯斯坦怪物。
She was toying w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith her food，as if she wasn't really hungry.她把饭拨弄着玩，好像并不饿。
I've been toying with the idea of moving abroad.
我一直想着移居国外。
She ________ her pencil while she listened on the phone.
A．toyed with B．involved with
C．interfered with D．connected with
【解析】　考查动词词组辨析。句意：她一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )边听电话，一边摆弄着铅笔玩。toy with“玩弄，摆弄”；involve with“与……有密切关系”；interfere with“妨碍；(未得允许)摆弄”；connect with“与……联系，连接”。
【答案】　A
4．in general一般地；大体上
However，in genera ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l the scientists were praised for their wonderful scientific advance.(P42)但是从总体上说，科学家还是因为其杰出的科学进展而得到了人们的称赞。
In general，people prefer comedy to tragedy.
一般说来，人们喜欢喜剧而不喜欢悲剧。
In general，her work has been good，but this essay is dreadful.
总的说来，她的作品不错，不过这篇文章糟透了。
①generally adv.通常；一般说来
generally speaking一般来讲；大致上说
②as a general rule在通常情况下；一般而言
Generally speaking，it's quite a fair settlement.
大致上说，这样解决很恰当。
Generally，the weat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her in Britain is neither too cold in winter nor too hot in summer.
通常，英国的天气冬天不会太冷，夏天不会太热。
同义句转换
In general，he goes to bed late.
①He ________ goes to bed late.
②________ ________，he goes to bed late.
③________ ________ ________ ________，he goes to bed late.
【答案】　①generally　②Generally speaking　③As a general rule
5．However, some peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple believe that cloning human embryos with the intention of destroying them shows no respect_for human life.(P42)
但是，有些人认为怀着摧毁人类胚胎的意图来克隆人类胚胎是对人类生命的不尊重。
(1)intention n．意图，目的；企图
What is the intention to do so
这样做有什么用意？
I have no intention of interrupting you.
我没打算打断你们的谈话。
①with the intention of...以……为目的；打算……
without intention无意地，不是故意地
②intend v．打算；想要
intend (sb.) to do sth.打算(让某人)做某事
be intended to do sth.打算用来做……；目的是……
be intended for 为……而准备的；专供……使用的
He returned with the intention of spending New Year with his family.
他为了和家人共度新年而回来。
By God！I said that without intention!
老天作证，我是无心说的！
The book is intended for beginners.
本书是为初学者编写的。
完成句子
①What ____________(你打算做)tomorrow
②Many colleg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e students went to the west，__________(打算)helping the local people.
③The movie ____________________ (专为……而准备的) adults，so it isn't suitable for children.
【答案】　①do you intend to do　②with the intention of
③is intended for
单项填空
④He has announced his ________ to retire.
A．aim　　B．intention　　C．purpose　　D．goal
【解析】　考查名词辨析。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aim“目的，目标”；intention“意图，打算”；purpose“目的”；goal“目标”。根据句意“他已经宣布了退休的打算”，可知intention符合要求。
【答案】　B
(2)show respect for对……表示敬意
We should show respect for our parents.
我们应当尊敬我们的父母。
have respect for尊重
with respect to关于
in this respect在这方面
respect vt.尊敬；尊重，遵守
They have great respect for his ability.
他们十分尊重他的才能。
The two groups we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re similar with respect to income and status.这两组在收入和地位方面是相似的。
完成句子
⑤我非常尊重你的哥哥。
I have ____________ your brother.
⑥他根本不尊重她的感情。
He showed ____________ her feelings.
⑦在这方面我们是很幸运的。
____________ we are very fortunate.
【答案】　⑤the greatest respect for　⑥no respect for　⑦In this respect
6．concentrate on 集中精力于；全神贯注于
Instead，he think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s research efforts should concentrate on creating new tissues and organs that can be used to cure diseases like cancer.(P42)相反，他认为研究精力应该集中在制造新的、可用于治疗像癌症这样的疾病的组织和器官上。
I can't concentrate on anything when I'm hungry.
我饿了就无法集中精力。
concentrate sth. on sth.把……集中在……上
concentrate one's mind on某人专心于……
concentrate one's attention on某人专心于……
focus/fix one's attention on某人集中注意力于……上
I decided to conc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entrate all my efforts on finding somewhere to live.我决定全力以赴找个住的地方。
He concentrated his attention on studying.
他把精力专注于研究。
【教师备课资源】　
关于“专心于……”的同义短 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语有：put one's heart into；fix one's mind on/upon；be occupied in；be buried in；apply one's mind to；be absorbed in；devote oneself to；keep one's mind on。
There is too mu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch noise outside；I cannot ________ my attention on my work.
A．fill B．connect
C．flat D．concentrate
【解析】　此题考查固定搭配concentra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te one's attention on sth.的用法。句意为“外面太吵了。我不能专心于我的工作”，故选D。
【答案】　D
7．anxiety n．忧虑；焦虑；不安；[C]令人焦虑的事
Even though human ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cloning is causing a lot of anxiety...(P42)虽然人类克隆引起了很多的忧虑……
She is waiting for the message with anxiety.
她正焦急地等待消息。
①anxiety about/over sth.对某事的焦虑/忧虑
②anxious adj.焦急的；渴望……的
be anxious about sb./sth.为某人/某事担心
be anxious for sth.渴望某事
be anxious(for sb.)to do sth.渴望(某人)做某事
She is anxious about the coming exam.
她担心即将到来的考试。
He is anxious to visit the Great Wall.
他渴望去参观长城。
完成句子
①所有这些令人焦急的事使她面色苍白。
____________ made her look pale.
②那个小男孩很想要玩具小汽车。
The little boy ____________ the toy car.
③工人们盼望经理尽快到来。
The workers were ____________ as soon as possible.
④他们中有些人似乎对这次会议很担忧。
Some of them seemed ____________.
【答案】　①All these anxieties　②is anxious for
③anxious for their manager to come　④anxious about the meeting
8．adopt vt.收养；领养；采用；采纳
I don't want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to adopt someone else's child—if I had the chance，I would have a cloned baby right now.(P42)
我不想领养别人的孩子——如果有机会，我想立刻要一个克隆孩子。
As they had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )no children of their own，they adopted an orphan.他们没有亲生儿女，就收养了一个孤儿。
We should adopt the consumers' suggestion.
我们应该接受消费者的建议。
①adopt one's idea采纳某人的意见
adopt a new standard/measure采取新标准/措施
②adopted adj.收养的
one's adopted son某人的养子
③adoption n．收养；采取
They argued him into the adoption of the plan.
他们说服他采纳这项计划。
【提示】　adapt跟adopt词形相近，要注意其区别。
adapt意为“(使)适应，(使)适合”。
用adopt，adapt的适当形式填空
①They are not my real parents.I am ________.
②After a few months，the orphan came to ________ to his new life.
【答案】　①adopted　②adapt
单项填空
③The courts have b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een asked to ________ a more flexible approach to young offenders.
A．adjust B．adopt
C．adapt D．admit
【解析】　考查动词辨析。adjust“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )调整”；adopt“采用”；adapt“适应”；admit“承认”。句意：法庭被要求以一种更加灵活的方式处理青少年犯罪。
【答案】　B
9．While cloning huma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n embryos is not legal in many countries，some scientists are already pushing_ahead_with research in order to produce a cloned human baby.(P42)虽然克隆人类胚胎目前在很多国家属于非法，但有些科学家已经在开始加紧研究，以制造一个克隆人类胎儿。
(1)句中的while作从属连词，引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管，虽然”。
While driving is a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )bit difficult to learn，it is very useful for your future development.虽然开车学起来有点难，但它对你们未来发展很有用。
While I understand you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r viewpoint，I don't agree with you.虽然我明白你的见解，我还是不能同意。
while引导让步状语从句，多位于句首。
while的其他用法：
①表示对比，“而，然而”
②引导时间状语从句，“当……时候”
He is a driver while I'm a teacher.
他是司机，而我是老师。
While the children are away，their parents get a rest.
孩子们不在的时候，父母才能休息一会儿。
【对接高考】
(2012·湖南高考)________ I always felt I would pass the exam，I never thought I would get an A.
A．While B．Once
C．If D．Until
【解析】　句意：虽然我总觉得我考试 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )能过关，但我从没想过我能得优。while常见含义有“虽然；然而，而；在……期间，当……时；趁着”等，此处为“虽然”之意。
【答案】　A
写出下列句子中while的含义
①While you are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the post office，can you get me some stamps？____________
②I like pop music while he likes classic music.____________
③While he loves his students，he is very strict with them.____________
【答案】　①当……时候　②而，然而　③尽管，虽然
(2)push ahead with义无反顾地进行，努力推进
I felt I could not mov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e another step，but after lunch I got my second wind and pushed ahead with the rest.
我感到我一步也走不动了，但是午饭后我又觉得干劲十足，与其余的人一起前进。
It is hard to push ahead with such an unpopular policy.
这样一个不得人心的政策是很难推行下去的。
push ahead/forward/on with sth.毅然继续做某事
push sth.forward提出某事；迫使他人考虑或注意某事
push sb./sth.over使某人/某物倒下；推倒某人/某物
push through挤过去
push back把……向后推；把……推回原处
He repeatedly pushed forward his own claim.
他不断地提出自己的要求。
Tom was pushed over by a strong boy.
汤姆被一个强壮的男孩推倒了。
④The company decided ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to go on ________ economic reforms in the next five years.
A．putting forward with
B．going ahead with
C．pushing ahead with
D．accelerating the pace of
【解析】　本题考查短语辨析。put forw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ard“提出”；go ahead with“继续”；push ahead with“推行，进行”；accelerate the pace of“加快……的步伐”。
【答案】　C
10．Severino Ant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inori，an Italian physician，has declared that he wants to be the_first_to_clone_a_human_being.(P42)
一位名叫塞维利诺·安蒂诺里的意大利内科医生，宣称自己想成为克隆人类第一人。
句中the first to clone a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) human being意为“克隆人类第一人”to clone a human being为动词不定式作定语，修饰the first。
如果被修饰的词是由序数词或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the last/the only/the very修饰的名词或代词(后面的名词或代词常常可省略)，后面用不定式或从句作定语，不可以用动词 ing形式作定语。
Helen studies ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) very hard.She is always the first to come and the last to leave.
海伦学习很用功。她总是第一个来，最后一个离开。
She is the first one to understand that problem.
她是第一个理解那个问题的人。
用所给单词的适当形式填空
①I dream of findin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g a friend that will be the first________(give) me a hand when I am in trouble.
【答案】　to give
单句改错
②He would be the last agreeing to the plan.________
【答案】　agreeing→to agree
11．consequence n．结果；后果
If we toy with natur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e，we will have to deal with the consequences.(P43)如果我们戏弄自然，我们将不得不应付各种后果。
The lung cancer is a consequence of cigarette smoking.肺癌是吸烟的结果。
It terrified me t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o contemplate the consequence of your action.一想到你行动的后果，我就感到害怕。
①consequent adj.必然的；因……结果而起的
②consequently adv.因此；结果；必然地
③in consequence＝as a consequence因此；由此
in consequence of＝as a consequence of由于
take/bear the consequences (of)承担……的后果
In consequence of the rain，the tennis match was delayed.由于下雨，网球赛延期了。
He didn't work ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd，and as a consequence，he failed his exam.他不用功，结果考试不及格。
I hadn't enough money to pay my bus fare，and ______ I had to walk.
A．in a consequence B．in consequence
C．as consequence D．in consequence of
【解析】　句意：我没有足够的钱买车票，所以只得步行。in consequence＝as a consequence“结果，因此”。
【答案】　B
12．for sale供出售；待销售
Human life wou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld just become a crop to be harvested or a product for sale.(P43)人类生命将变得像可以收割的庄稼或可供买卖的产品一样。
The local people made fancy straw hats for sale.
当地居民制作花式草帽出售。
We have many types of cosmetics for sale.
我们有许多种化妆品待售。
on sale出售；上市；廉价出售
not for sale非卖品
Many sweet food are on sale in the store.
这家商店在廉价出售多种甜食。
I'm sorry this painting is not for sale.
很抱歉这幅画是非卖品。
The latest model of this video recorder is now ______ in your shop.
A．for sale B．selling
C．on sale D．sale
【解析】　on sale“出售”，指在商店里展销；for sale“待售，出售”，往往指从主人手里买。B项的主语应该是人。故答案选C项。
【答案】　C
13．comment n．& vi.评论；评注；解释
I would like to comment on your article，‘The perfect copy’．(P43)
我想点评一下你发表的文章“完美的复制品”。
They were commenting on her new clothes.
他们正在评论她的新衣服。
①comment on...对……作评论
make/give comments on...对……作评论
No comment！(对于询问)无可奉告！
②commentator n．评论家
Do you have any comments to make？你有意见吗？
He made several comments on the book.
对于这本书他作了若干评论。
翻译句子
①他对我的话未作评论。(comment vi.)
________________________________________________________________________
②他对我们的建议没有作评论。(comment n．)
________________________________________________________________________
③他评论这部电影极好。(comment that clause)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①He did not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )comment on what I said.　②He made no comments/did not make(give)any comments on our proposal.　③He commented that it was an excellent film.
14．in agreement with同意；与……一致
I am in complete agreement with human cloning.(P43)
我完全同意克隆人类。
They are in comple ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te agreement with us about the price of oil.关于油价他们完全同意我们的意见。
Almost all the me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mbers were in agreement with the proposal.几乎所有的成员都同意这项提议。
arrive at/come to/reach an agreement达成协议
make an agreement with与……达成协议
make an agreement about就……达成协议
The two sides failed to reach an agreement.
双方未能达成一致意见。
We finally made an agreement with the employers.
我们最终与雇主们达成了协议。
Almost all t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he members were in ________ with the proposal about banning the experiments of primates caught in the wild.
A．statement B．opinion
C．action D．agreement
【解析】　考查名词辨义和固 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定搭配。句意：几乎所有的成员都同意禁止拿野外捕获的灵长类动物做实验的提议。“in agreement with”同意。
【答案】　D
15．transform vt.改变，转变；转换
On a personal no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te，cloning would totally transform my life.(P43)根据我个人的观点，克隆将会彻底改变我的生活。
His plans were transformed overnight into reality.
他的计划迅速变为现实。
We should try to transform heat into power.
我们应该设法将热转化为能量。
transform/change/vary
这些动词均含有“变化，改变”之意。
transform 指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。
change 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。
vary 暗示不规则或断断续续地改变。
Please telephone me if you are to change the day of our meeting.
如果你要改变我们会晤的日期，请给我打个电话。
Although this is the general approach，you can vary it to some degree.
尽管这是常规方法，但可以在一定程度上改变它。
用transform，change，vary的适当形式填空
①You have ________ a lot since I last saw you.
②Prices ________ with the reasons.
③Success and wealth ________ his character.
【答案】　①changed　②vary　③transformed/changed
16．If_I_had the c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hance，I would clone her immediately so that I could be with her again.(P43)如果我有机会的话，我会立即将她克隆出来，这样我就可以重新和她在一起了。
if在此处引导虚拟条件句，这是一个与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句，从句用一般过去时，主句用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
If I were a bird，I could fly in the air.
如果我是一只小鸟，我就能在空中飞行。
If I had time，I would go to see her next week.
如果我有时间的话，下周我就去看她。
虚拟语气的用法：
对过去的
虚拟 从句用过去完成时，主句用“would/could/might＋have done”。
对现在的
虚拟 从句用一般过去时(be动词的过去式用were)，主句用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
对将来的
虚拟 从句用一般过去时或“were to/should＋动词原形”，主句用“would/could/might＋动词原形”。
If you studied/wer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to study/should study hard in college，you would find a good job in the future.如果你在大学里努力学习，将来你就会找到一份好工作。
If you had begun ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to do your homework earlier，you would have finished it.
如果你早点开始做家庭作业，你早就做完了。
【对接高考】
(2012·山东高考)If we ________ adequate preparations，the conference wouldn't have been so successful.
A．haven't made B．wouldn't make
C．didn't make D．hadn't made
【解析】　考查虚拟语气。这是if ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )引导的条件状语从句，根据主句中的wouldn't have been so successful可知与过去事实相反，是虚拟条件句。虚拟语气中与过去事实相反的情况中，if引导的从句中的谓语动词用过去完成时had done。句意：如果我们没有做好充分的准备，会议就不会如此的成功。
【答案】　D
用正确的虚拟形式完成句子
①如果明天太阳从西方升起，会发生什么事情呢？
If the sun _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___________________ (rise) in the west tomorrow，what ____________ (happen)
②如果你考试时再细心点的话，你就会通过了。
If you ______________ (be) more careful in the exam，you ________________ (pass)it.
【答案】　①were to rise/rose/should rise；would happen
②had been；would have passed
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用过去分词。
●教学地位
分词是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。让学生正确理解和掌握过去分词是学生学好英语的重要环节。所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解过去分词的应用，而不是让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议教师准备适量的含过去分词的句子为学生呈现，让学生观察思考过去分词在句中充当何种成分(定语、表语、补语、状语)。
●教学流程设计




(见学生用书第55页)
1．be aware of 意识到；觉察到
They are hardly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aware of the uncertain effects of cloning humans.(P46)
他们几乎没有意识到克隆人类造成的不确定的影响。
Are you aware of the time
你知道是什么时候了吗？
I don't thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k people are really aware of just how much it costs.我认为人们并不真正明白这要花多少钱。
I didn't become aware of his arrival.
我没注意到他的到来。
①become/get aware of意识到；觉察到
make sb.aware of使某人意识到
be aware that/wh clause知道……；意识到……
②awareness of意识到
I'm(well)aware that very few jobs are available.
我(很)清楚工作职位非常少。
完成句子
①她没有意识到做错了事。
She was not aware of ____________.
②我意识到这不是一个好消息。
I am aware ____________.
③你知道是什么时候了吗？
____________ the time
【答案】　①having done wrong　②that it is not good news　③Are you aware of
2．turn out结果是；证明是；原来是
It could turn out to be a monster！(P46)
结果它可能会成为一个怪物！
The work turned ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) out(to be)more difficult than we thought.结果是这份工作比我们想得要更难。
The lady turned out(to be)our English teacher.
那位女士竟是我们的英语老师。
turn out出席；露面；集合；在场
turn in上交；交还；退还
turn on 打开；扭开
turn off截断；关掉
turn up来到；到场；开大
turn around转身
turn down拒绝；调小
A vast crowd turned out to watch the procession.
有一大群人出来观看游行队伍。
He tried to join the army but was turned down because of poor health.
他想参军，但因身体不好被断然拒绝。
You must turn in your uniform before you leave the army.退伍时应将制服缴回。
We arranged to meet at the cinema at 7∶30，but he failed to turn up.
我们约定7点30分在电影院见面，但他没来。
Thousands of pe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ople ________ to watch yesterday's match against Ireland.
A．turned on　　　　　　　B．turned in
C．turned around D．turned out
【解析】　本题考查动词短语的用法。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意为“数以千计的人观看了昨天同爱尔兰队的比赛。”turn out有“出席，在场”的意思，符合语境，故选D。
【答案】　D
3．figure out计算出；想出；理解，明白；解决
He is always working ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in his lab，trying to figure out all the mysteries that make him puzzled.(P49)他一直在实验室工作，努力探索使他迷惑的现象的奥秘。
Father is trying to figure out his tax.
父亲在设法计算出他的税额。
I can't figure out what he's trying to say.
我弄不懂他想说什么。
figure that...认为……，估计……
I figured that you wouldn't come.
我料想你不会来。
单项填空
①The present sit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uation is very complex，so I think it will take me some time to ________ its reality.
A．make up B．figure out
C．look through D．put off
【解析】　考查短语动词辨析。make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up“组成；化妆；编造”；figure out“理解；弄清楚”；look through“浏览”；put off“推迟”。句意：目前的形势非常复杂，因此我认为要花费一段时间来弄清楚它的真实性。
【答案】　①B
完成句子
②我不理解她为何那样说。
I ____________ why she said so.
③孩子们花了不长时间就计算出了正确答案。
It didn't take the children long ____________.
【答案】　②can't figure out　③to figure out the correct answer
4．judgement n．判断力；看法，评价；(法律)判决
I think we should be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cautious and use good judgement when making decisions about cloning.(P49)我认为我们在对克隆作出决定时应该谨慎行事，作出好的判断。
In my judgement the plan is inconsiderate.
据我看来该计划考虑不周。
He lacks sound judgement.
他缺乏准确的判断力。
①make a judgement on对……作出判断
in one's judgement依某人看来，按某人的看法
②judge vt.&n.审判，判决；法官；裁判员；认为
judge sb./sth.to be认为某人/物是……；把某人/物评价为；判……
judge...from/by sth.根据……来判断
③judging by/from...(作状语)根据……来判断
We shouldn't judge a person by his appearance.
我们不应该根据外貌去判断一个人。
The court judged her guilty.
法庭判决她有罪。
Judging from what he said，he must be an honest man.
由他所说的话来判断，他一定是个诚实的人。
________ the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est in a recent science competition，the three students were awarded scholarships ________ 21,000 dollars.
A．Judged；totaling　　　　B．To be judged；totaled
C．Having judged；to total D．Judging；would total
【解析】　句意为“在最近 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的一次科学竞赛中被判断为最优秀的三个学生被授予总数为21,000美元的奖学金。”the three students和judge之间是被动关系，而且动作已经发生，故选A。
【答案】　A
5．be/get brunt out耗尽体力；累垮
I'm totally burnt out.(P51)我完全累垮了。
She will get/be burnt out unless she gets more sleep.
要是她得不到更多的睡眠，她的身体就要垮了。
He was almost burnt out by the time he was 21.
他21岁时差不多就已江郎才尽了。
burn out烧掉；烧毁……的内部；熄灭；烧坏；烧尽；筋疲力尽
burn away继续燃烧；烧掉
burn down烧为平地； 火力减弱
burn off烧掉；蒸发
burn up烧起来； 烧掉；发怒
The oil lamp has burned out.
油烧完后油灯就熄灭了。
Let's burn off the rest of the brush.
让我们把剩下的灌木丛烧掉吧。
The forest fire burned away for a week.
森林大火燃烧了一个星期。
We burnt up all the garden rubbish.
我们将花园中的垃圾全部烧掉。
【提示】　tire out，wear o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut，give out 等也有“筋疲力尽”之意，但注意前两个与burn out一样常是及物用法，而give out为不及物用法，不能用被动语态。
完成句子
①这些艰苦的工作使我疲惫不堪。
I'm ______________ by all this hard work.
②这幢旧房子被烧光了，只剩下一堆废墟。
The old house was ____________ and only ashes were left.
③这项锻炼有助于消耗脂肪。
This exercise helps you to ________ fat.
【答案】　①burnt out/worn out/tired out　②burnt down/up/away/out　③burn off
　
判断下列句中画线的过去分词或过去分词短语在句中作何成分。
1．We only sell used books in our bookstore.(　　)
2．He felt disappointed after his request was refused.(　　)
3．She saw the thief caught_by_policemen.(　　)
4．Seriously_injured，he had to be taken to hospital.(　　)
5．They bought a new car made_in_china.(　　)
6．Given_more_time，we would do it better.(　　)
7．Lost_in_the_forest，you should first of all keep calm.(　　)
8．The old man went into the room，supported_by_his_wife.(　　)
【答案】　1.定语　2.表语　3.宾语补足语　4.状语
5．定语　6.状语　7.状语　8.状语
过去分词
一、概述
过去分词是非谓语动词形式的一种，它既有动词的特征，又有形容词和副词的特征，其基本形式是v.＋ed，可以有宾语和状语，即过去分词短语。
及物动词的过去分词形式表示被动或既表被动又表完成，不及物动词的过去分词形式只表示完成。过去分词在句中可作定语、表语、补语和状语。
二、过去分词的句法功能
1．过去分词作定语
单个的过去分词在句中作定语一般位于所修饰的名词前。过去分词短语作定语时，一般放在所修饰的名词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
The injured workers are now being taken good care of in the hospital.
受伤的工人现在正在医院受到良好的照料。
Who were the guests ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) invited(＝that had been invited)to your party last night
昨晚被邀请参加你的晚会的那些客人是谁呀？
2．过去分词作表语
过去分词在句中作表语多表示主语所处的状态或是主语的心理，这时过去分词有些已经转化成了形容词。
The door remained locked.门仍然锁着。
Everyone got excited at the news.
听到这个消息每个人都感到兴奋。
Don't touch the glass because it is broken.
不要碰那个杯子因为它是破的。
【提示】　现在分词作表语与过去分词作表语的区别是：
(1)现在分词作表语，说明主语的性质或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )特征，意为“令人……的”，有主动意思。如：exciting，moving，amusing，astonishing，frightening，interesting等等。
(2)过去分词作表语多表示主语所 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )处的状态，意为“感到……的”，有被动的意思。如：upset，decided，disappointed，encouraged，amused，astonished，offended，hurt，faded，frightened，amazed，married，excited，experienced，interested，qualified，pleased，puzzled等等。
(3)过去分词作表语时和动词的被动语态结构相似，但两者表达意思明显不同，前者说明主语的特点及所处状态，而后者强调动作。
The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday.
茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的。(是被动语态，表示动作)
The library is now closed.图书馆关门了。(过去分词作表语)
3．过去分词作宾语补足语
作宾补的过去分词一般来自及 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )物动词和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。通常用在感官动词和使役动词(see，hear，notice，watch，keep，find，get，have，feel等)宾语之后，以及with的复合结构中。
We can hear the w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )indows beaten by the heavy rain drops.我们可以听到大雨点敲打窗户的声音。
I raised my voice to make myself heard.
我提高了嗓门以便于被人家听到。
With many brig ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )htly coloured flowers planted around the building，his house looks like a beautiful garden.
周围种了许多色彩鲜艳的花，他的房子看上去就像一座漂亮的花园。
4．过去分词作状语
过去分词在句子中作状语，可以表示时间、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )条件、原因、结果、让步、伴随等。分词作状语时，它是逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。作状语的分词相当于一个状语从句。
(1)表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词when或while来强调时间概念。
Seen from the moon，the earth looks green.
从月亮上看时，地球是绿色。
(2)表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Satisfied with what h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e did，the teacher praised him in class.由于老师对他所做的事情很满意，于是在班上表扬了他。
(3)表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句。
Compared with you，I still have a long way to go.
跟你比较起来，我还差得很远呢。
(4)表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people，he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
(5)表方式或伴随情况。
The old man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )went into the room，supported by his wife.那个老人在他妻子的搀扶下走进了房间。
(6)表结果。
The cup fell down to the ground，broken.
茶杯掉到了地上，破碎了。
三、由分词转化而来的形容词
分词转化而来的形容词包括现在分词转化而来的形容词和过去分词转化而来的形容词，即v. ing形容词和v. ed形容词。
1．v. ing形容词一般具有主动意义，表示“起某种作用”，多用于说明事物本身的性质、特征及给人的感觉。
The story they heard over the radio was very moving.
他们从收音机里听到的这个故事很感人。
2．v. ed形容词一般具有被动意义，表示“受某种影响”，多用于形容人自然的感觉。
He was frightened at the sound.
听到那声音，他吓坏了。
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料并根据材料得出结论。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，询问别人的观点并发表自己的观点。
(5)掌握正式书信的写法，练习就“人与自然”进行辩论。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是通过对两篇文章的学习使学生了解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人类发展与自然环境之间的矛盾，了解转基因食品的发展现状及各国对转基因食品的态度，并学会写正式书信。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
建议通过人与自然方面的问题的提问或通过展示有关图片导入新课。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。

　　　　



(见学生用书第58页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P58课文，判断正误
1．Our natural r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )esources have been made use of without harming nature to meet our needs.(　　)
2．Many developed nations are now anxious about saving nature.(　　)
3．Many poor countrie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are using up natural resources at a fast pace.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　F　T　T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P58页课文，选择最佳答案
1．The passage mainly refers to the fact that ________.
A．many developed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) nations are now concerned about saving nature rather than developing or destroying it
B．many poor n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ations must focus on meeting the everyday needs of their people
C．humans can only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )enjoy healthy and productive lives by protecting nature
2．Not everythi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng that is best for nature is good for people means ________.
A．we prefer to suffer rather than use nature to meet our own needs
B．benefiting from nature may spell(招致) disaster
C．if we focus only on environment conservation，people may suffer
3．The author suggests ________.
A．technology and mankind are destroying nature
B．it was people's carelessness that affected nature
C．people must defeat nature to enjoy good lives
4．From the text we learn ________.
A．over developing the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Earth's resources will eventually destroy the planet we live on
B．developed nations are now only concerned about saving nature
C．the relationship with nature is humans winning and nature losing
【答案】　1－4　C　C　B　A
(见学生用书第59页)
1．relation n．关系；亲戚
Public Relations Manager(P56)公关经理
Some people sa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y that there's no relation between violence on television and crimes of violence.有些人说电视中的暴力镜头与生活中的暴力犯罪并无关系。
A relation of mine is coming to stay.
我有个亲戚要来此暂住。
①bear no relation to与……无关；与……不符
in/with relation to关于；涉及；与……相比
②relationship n．关系；联系
have relationship/relation with sb./to sth.和……有联系；与……有关
③relative adj.有关系的；相对的；n.亲戚；亲属
I have a lot to say in relation to that affair.
关于那件事，我有很多话要讲。
I have no relation to that firm.我与那个公司没有关系。
完成句子
①这两件事之间没有联系。
____________ between the two things.
②此项目的费用与其成果不相称。
The cost of this project ____________ the results.
【答案】　①There's no relation　②bears/has no relation to
单项填空
③Your remarks seem strange ________ what I have heard about.
A．in relation to　　　　　　　B．in relation of
C．in connection to D．in connection of
【解析】　考查介词短语。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )和我所听到的联系起来看，你的评论似乎有点奇怪。in relation to“和……联系起来看，与……相比”；in connection to“关于”；B、D两项搭配不当。
【答案】　③A
2．follow in one's footsteps效仿某人
...but this does n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot mean that we should follow in their footsteps.(P56)
……但这不意味着我们要效仿他们。
She works in thea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tre，following in her father's footsteps.她继承父业，也从事戏剧工作。
follow the crowd随大溜
follow sb.'s example仿效他人的做法
follow one's(own)nose一直往前走；凭直觉行事
follow suit学样；照样做
as follows如下
Just follow your nose and the hotel is there.
一直向前走，旅店就在那儿。
Father bowed his head；she followed suit.
父亲低下了头，她也跟着低下了头。
【教师备课资源】　
follow的其它相关短语：
follow the signs跟着路标走
follow sb.'s order服从某人的命令
easy/hard to follow易/难懂
there follows sth.随后是
完成句子
①他很可能效仿他的父亲。
He will probably ____________.
②既然你不会这门语言，你只能见机行事。
Since you don't know the language，you can only ____________.
③我不希望你效仿我，也仓促结婚。
I don't want you ________ and rush into marriage.
【答案】　①follow in his f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ather's footsteps.　②follow your nose　③to follow my example/to follow in my footsteps
3．I am sure that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )if you conducted a survey among UK citizens，it would show that the majority of people would not support this type of scientific research.(P56)
我确信如果你在英国公民中进行一项调查，结果会表明大多数人不会支持这种科学研究。
(1)conduct vt.实施；指挥乐队；陪伴；引导，带领
Your children conduct themselves well.
你的孩子们表现甚佳。
My aunt conducts her business very successfully.
我的婶婶把企业经营得很成功。
The headmaster conducted us round the school.
校长带领我们在学校参观了一圈。
①conduction n．(电、热的)传导；(水的)输送
②conductive adj.导电的；能传导的
③conductor n．指挥，职业指挥；导体；售票员
④conductress n．女售票员
Copper is a very conductive metal.
铜是一种传导性极强的金属。
Wood is a poor conductor of heat.
木头的导热性能极差。
①A long term study ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ by the medical school shows that babies of smoking mothers will be less healthy than those of non smoking mothers.
A．performed B．undergo
C．managed D．conducted
【解析】　perform，undergo，manage不能与study搭配；此处用conduct，有“组织，指挥”之意。
【答案】　D
(2)majority n．多数；大多数
A/The majority of people seem to prefer TV to radio.
大部分人似乎喜欢看电视而不喜欢听收音机。
The majority str ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ongly support/supports the plan to build a playground for children.
大多数人都积极地支持为孩子们建造运动场的计划。
①a/the majority of大多数……
be in the majority构成多数；占多数
by/with a majority以多数票
②minority n．少数，少数派
in a/the minority占少数
Young people were in the majority at the meeting.
这次会议年轻人占了多数。
He won by a majority of 500.
他以500票的多数获胜。
【提示】　majority通常与冠词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )连用，后接“of＋复数名词/代词”，表示“……的大多数”，即：a/the majority of＋n.(pl.)/pron.，此时若作主语，谓语动词用复数。a/the majority可单独使用，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式或复数形式都可以。
完成句子
②大多数医生认为吸烟有害健康。
____________ believe smoking is harmful to health.
③大部分人反对这个计划。
The majority ____________.
④女性在护理行业中占大多数。
In the nursing profession，women ____________.
⑤她以749票的多数票当选。
She was elected ____________.
【答案】　②The maj ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ority of doctors　③is/are against the plan　④are in a/the majority　⑤by/with a majority of 749
4．In summary，I insist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that you take the opinions of the people of the UK into_consideration，and end this practice immediately.(P56)总之，我坚持要求你把英国人民的意见考虑在内，立即终止这项实践。
(1)summary n．总结；概括，概要
Please write me a summary of this report.
请替我把这份报告写一份摘要。
Write a summary of this story.
写出这个故事的概要。
①in summary总之；总的来说
summarize vt.总结，概括
to summarize总之
②in a word总之；一句话
In summary，the campaign has been a great success.
总之，这次运动成绩很大。
In a word，I think he is a fool.
总之，我认为他是个傻瓜。
①The boy is kind，hard working and rich.________，he is good to marry.
A．In general B．In sight
C．In summary D．In high spirits
【解析】　本题考查介词短语辨析。in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )general大概；in sight看得见；in summary总之；in high spirits情绪高涨地，故选C。
【答案】　C
(2)take...into consideration认真考虑；把……考虑进去
Everything taken into ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) consideration，they ought to have another chance.综合考虑，他们应该还有一次机会。
She's under a lot of s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tress，and you have to take that into consideration.
她压力特别大，你得考虑到这一点。
show/have consideration for others 为别人着想
be under consideration在考虑之中
in consideration of考虑到；作为对……的回报
The proposals are still under consideration.
那些提议仍在审议中。
He never has consideration for his wife's needs.
他从来不考虑妻子的需要。
【教师备课资源】　
①consider＋n./pron./doing/从句/疑问句＋to do考虑……
consider＋从句 认为……
consider(认为)＋sb./sth.(to be)＋n./adj.或者consider sb./sth.(as)＋n./adj.
②considerate adj.体贴的；考虑周全的
③considerable adj.相当大的；重要的；值得考虑的
④considering prep. & conj.考虑到……；就……而言
⑤all things considered全面地考虑；在句中作状语，用于概括或总结。
②If we ________ all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the things into consideration，this project is better than that one.
A．make B．take
C．have D．let
【解析】　考查固定搭配。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )take...into consideration意思为“考虑，考虑到”。句意：如果我们把一切都考虑进去的话，这个项目要比那个好得多。故此题答案为B。
【答案】　B
(3)insist vt.& vi坚持；坚持说；坚持要求
I insist that you(s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hould)take immediate action to put this right.我坚持要求你立刻采取行动把事情处理好。
She kept insisting that she was innocent.
她坚持说她是清白的。
insist on/upon(doing)sth.坚持认为；坚持做某事
insist that从句，坚持认为，坚持说；坚持要求，坚持要
【提示】　insist后接宾语从句的用法：
表示“坚持要求，坚持要”时，其后宾语从句要用虚拟语气，即“(should)＋动词原形”；
表示“坚持认为，坚持说”，即表示一个客观事实时，其后宾语从句要用真实语气。
I insisted on his coming with us.
我坚持要求他和我们一起来。
She insisted on writing at once.
她坚持立即写信。
He insisted on his demand.
他坚持他的要求。
She insisted on her mother's living with her.
她坚持要她母亲和她住在一起。
She insisted that he was wrong.
她坚持认为他错了。
He insisted that we(should)accept these gifts.
他一定要我们收下这些礼物。
完成句子
③The Arab insisted that he __________________(从没见过)the camel.
④I insisted ______________________(你立刻采取行动)to deal with it.
【答案】　③had neve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r seen　④on your taking/that you (should) take immediate action
单项填空
⑤The man in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )prison insisted that he ________ nothing wrong and ________ set free.
A．should do；should be
B．had done；should be
C．had done；had been
D．should do；had been
【解析】　考查insist的用法。第一空表示坚持自己的观点，用真实语气；第二空表示坚持要求，要虚拟语气。
【答案】　B
5．confirm vt.& vi.证实，证明；确认；使确信
Therefore，we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cannot confirm that food from cloned animals is really safe for humans to eat.(P57)
因此，我们不能肯定来自克隆动物身上的食物可以非常安全地让人类食用。
What he observed confirmed his judgment.
他观察到的现象证实了他的判断。
The announcement confi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rmed that the election would take place on June 20th.
公告证实选举将在6月20日举行。
The latest scientific development confirmed the public in the belief.
最新的科学发展使公众们确信了那个看法。
I called the airlin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to ________ my flight reservation a week before I left for Canada.
A．obtain B．admit
C．confirm D．appoint
【解析】　本题考查动词词义辨析。句意为“在我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去加拿大之前的一周，我打电话给航空公司以确认我预订的航班。”obtain获得；admit承认；confirm确认；appoint委派，任命。根据题意，故选C。
【答案】　C
6．bring up提出；抚养，养育；呕吐
any concerns ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your group brought up in Part D of Step 2(P57)在第二步的D部分里你们小组提出的需要引起关注的事情
Her parents d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied when she was a baby and she was brought up by her aunt.
她出生后不久父母双亡，是由姑母抚养大的。
You can bring up these problems in committee.
你可以在委员会中提出这些问题。
bring in引进；赚钱；领……进来
bring about造成；引起；导致
bring out出版；生产
bring down打倒；使落下；降低
We should bring in new technology.
我们应该引进新技术。
The plan will bring about good results.
这个计划将会产生良好的效果。
New personal computers are brought out almost daily.
几乎每天都有新型个人电脑推出。
翻译句子
①她养育了5个孩子。
________________________________________________________________________
②公司正在生产一种新跑车。
________________________________________________________________________
③我军击落了一架敌人的战斗机(fighter)。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①She brought up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )5 children.　②The company is bringing out a new sports car.　③Our army brought down an enemy fighter.
7．in favour of赞同；支持
Would anyone say t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat development should be stopped in favour of nature？(P58)
会有人说为了保护自然就应该停止经济发展吗？
Everyone in the cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ass voted in favour of the sports meeting.班上每个人都投票赞成举办运动会。
in favour of赞同；支持
in sb.'s favour对某人有利
do sb.a favour/do sb.a favour and do sth.帮某人忙
do sb.the favour to do sth.帮忙做某事
ask a favour of sb.请某人帮忙
Will you do me the favour to close the window.
你能帮帮忙把窗子关上吗？
May I ask a favour of you？能不能请你帮个忙？
【教师备课资源】　
类似于in favour of结构的短语有：
in charge of负责
in consideration of考虑到；由于
in honour of为向……表示敬意；为庆祝；为纪念
in memory of为纪念
in search of(为了)寻找、寻求
in sight of能看见；在……视力范围内
in control of控制
in praise of表扬；赞赏
in place of代替；取代
in need of需要
完成句子
①I am ______________________ (赞成)stopping for a rest now.
②Could you __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______________________________ (帮我个忙)and pick up Sam from school today
③The delay may actually work____________(对我们有利)．
【答案】　①in favour of　②do me a favour　③in our favour
8．point of view观点
From the point of v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iew of some people，we are only doing what humans have always done，using nature to meet our own needs.(P58)根据有些人的观点，我们现在只是在人类一直在做的事——利用自然来满足我们的需求。
Form my point of view ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，th president hasn't done enough to help poor people.
以我的观点来看，总统在帮助穷人方面做得不够。
view...as 认为……是……
in one's view(＝in the view of)依某人看来
in view of 考虑到；由于
take the view that... 持……的观点
have strong view(about sth.)(对某事)有鲜明的观点
have different/opposing views有不同的/对立的观点
In view of the weather，we will cancel the outing.
因天气关系，我们要取消此次郊游。
In my view and in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) view of most people，it's a very sound investment.
照我的和大多数人的看法，这是很可靠的投资。
完成句子
①________(依我看)，the country needs a change of government.
②________(由于他的)conduct，the club has decided to dismiss him.
③Everyone at the meeting ________(都有不同的观点)．
【答案】　①In my view/Fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )om my point of view　②In view of his　③had different views
9．frighten vt使惊吓；使惊恐
While many people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are excited about these new technologies，these same technologies frighten others.(P59)尽管许多人因这些新技术而兴奋不已，这些同样的技术也使其他人恐惧。
Keep still，or you'll frighten the rabbit away.
别动，不然你会把兔子吓跑的。
They frightened the old lady into signing the paper.
他们恐吓老太太，使她签了这份文件。
①fright n. 恐怖；惊吓
②frightening adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的；可怕的
③frightened adj. 受惊的；害怕的
be frightened of/by sth.害怕……/被……吓住
be frightened to do sth.吓得不敢做某事
be frightened that...害怕……
be frightened to death吓得要死
He was shaking with fright. 他吓得发抖。
She was frightened by the anger in his eyes.
她被他眼中的怒火吓住了。
I was frightened of being left alone in the house.
我害怕被一个人留在屋里。
All the children bec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ame ________ and began to cry when they saw the ________ snake creeping towards them.
A．frightened；frightening
B．frightening；frightened
C．frightened；frightened
D．frightening；frightening
【解析】　考查fright ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en的用法。frightened“感到害怕的，受惊的”；frightening“令人恐惧的；引起突然惊恐的”。根据句意“当看到吓人的蛇正在向他们爬过来时，所有的孩子都害怕地大叫起来。”可知选择A项。
【答案】　A
10．Nowhere is t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his truer_than with genetically modified (GM) food.(P59)
转基因食品就是最好的例子。
(1)nowhere...truer than...是比较级表示最高级的意思。
No one in my class works harder than Jack.
我们班没有人比杰克更用功。
I like nothing better than swimming.
我最喜欢游泳。
比较级表示最高级意义的常见形式：
①比较级＋than＋
②比较级与否定词连用表示最高级的意思
Julia is taller than in her class.
朱丽叶是她班上最高的。
完成句子
①我从未听过比你更好的嗓音。
I have never heard a ________ voice ________ yours.
②抄写数字是最烦人的。
Nothing can be ________________ copying the number.
【答案】　①better；than　②more tiresome than
(2)否定词在句首，用倒装语序。
Nowhere could I find a person to help me at that time.
当时我找不到一个可以帮助我的人。
never，seldom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，few，little，barely，hardly，scarcely，rarely，no，not等含有否定意义的副词及构成的词组在句首用倒装语序。注意此时用部分倒装，即只提前助动词。
Seldom have I seen such brutality.
我很少见到这种暴行。
Never shall I forget the day.
我决不会忘记这一天。
完成句子
③Never before ____________(人们那么受鼓舞).
④No sooner ________________(我睡着) than someone telephoneD.
⑤Not until Columbus di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scovered the new land __________________(香蕉被带到) Europe.
⑥Scarcely __________________________(到家)when it began to rain.
⑦Not only ______________(献出)a musical performance but they also gave a brief introduction to the history of western brass instrument.
【答案】　③has the peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e been so inspired　④had I gone to sleep/had I fallen asleep　⑤were bananas brought to　⑥had we got/arrived/reached home
⑦did they give/present
11．profit n．利益；收益 vi.& vt.获益；对……有用
Research has bee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n limited to increasing production profits，rather than making sure that GM foods are safe.(P59)目前的研究仅局限于增加生产利润，而不是确保转基因食品的安全。
There's no profit in running a cinema in this town.
这个镇里电影是无利可图的。
He's getting marr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ied again，after two divorces，so he obviously hasn't profited by his experiences.
他两次离婚之后又结婚，显然没有吸取以往的教训。
①make a profit赚取利润
do sth.for profit为赢利而做某事
gain much profit from从……中获得许多益处
②profit by sth.(无被动)从……中吸取教益
profit from sth.得益于某事物；得到某事物的帮助
They make a profit of ten pence on every copy they sell.
他们每售出一本获利十便士。
He profited greatly from his year abroad.
他在国外一年获益匪浅。
There is very little ________ in selling newspapers at present.
A．advantage B．mistake
C．drawback D．profit
【解析】　考查名词辨义。句意：现在卖报 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )纸利润很少。There is little advantage in doing sth.做某事不利；There is little profit in doing sth.做某事利润少。根据句意可知选D合适。
【答案】　D
12．permission n．准许；许可；批准
Since no one reall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y knows whether GM food is safe，many countries have hesitated to give permission for the production of GM foods，as they would rather be cautious with this new technology.(P59)
由于没有人确切地知道转基因食品是否安全，许多国家在是否允许生产转基因食品问题上犹豫不决，他们宁愿对这项新技术持谨慎的态度。
You have my permission to leave.我准你离开。
She refused to give her permission.她拒不同意。
①without permission未经允许
②permit vt.允许 n．许可证
permit doing sth.允许做某事
permit sb.to do sth.允许某人做某事
permit of sth.认可，容忍
They entered the area without permission.
他们未经许可擅入该地。
The situation does not permit of any delay.
情势刻不容缓。
We forbid ________ here.Who permits you ________？
A．smoking；smoking B．smoking；to smoke
C．to smoke；to smoke D．to smoke；smoking
【解析】　句意：此处禁止吸烟， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是谁准许你吸烟的？forbid doing sth.禁止做某事；permit sb.to do sth.准许某人做某事。故选B。
【答案】　B
学写正式英文书信
英文书信是英语应用文的一个重 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )要形式，它在行文方式及格式方面与中文书信格式有许多不同，一封完整的书信包括五部分，即信头、称呼、正文、结束语和签名，具体如下：
1．信头：寄信人的地址和写信日期，写在信的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )右上角。注意英语中地名的写法与中文不同，要从小到大；日期的写法也与中文不同，不是写在签名之下，而是写在寄信人的地址之下。习惯上人们采用美式英语表达，即月、日、年，月、日与年之间用逗号隔开，月份尽量不要缩写，如June 8,2007；而英式英语表达则为日、月、年，中间不用逗号隔开，如8 June 2007。
2．称呼：自成一行，顶格写。称呼语常用：D ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear Sir/Madam/Manager/Editor/Friends/Bob，称呼之后一般用逗号。
3．正文：信件的主体部分即为信的正文。正 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )文写在称呼的下一行，与Dear后第一个单词对齐。正文通常包括三部分，即开头、目的和结尾。正文的开头语常用：Thank you for your last letter asking about...；I'm glad to...。正文的结尾语是正文的一部分，常常另起一行，常用的结尾有：I'm looking forward to you reply；Thanks and all the best；Best wishes；Wishing you a pleasant journey。
4．结束语：结束语与正文的结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )尾语不一样，它要写在结尾语的下一行，位于书信的右下角，后面用逗号。常用的结束语有：Yours sincerely/faithfully/truly；Sincerely/Truly yours；Yours等。
5．签名：签名写在结束语的下一行，与结束语对齐，也就是签上写信人的名字。
假设你叫李华，是济南三中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的学生，家住山大路24号。最近你校在为一批来自英国的学生寻找住宿家庭，你有意申请。请根据下表提供的信息用英语给校长王先生写一封信，说明你申请的理由。
住房条件 宽敞、整洁，环境优美
语言优势 擅长英语，父母是英语教授，不会有交流困难
接待经验 ……
参观游览 ……
其他 ……
注意：1.文章必须包括所有要点。
2．词数：120左右。
[思路点拨]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
1．注意正式书信的格式及称谓。
2．信的内容可分为三部分：
第一部分为信的开头，直接提出写信目的。
第二部分详细介绍自己申请的理由和优势，具有说服力。
第三部分再次表明申请的诚意。
3．注意要点必须全面，但语言要简明扼要，句式正确。
[词汇热身]　
1．位于　　　　　__________________
2．擅长…… __________________
3．做……有困难 __________________
4．同……交流 __________________
5．带领某人参观 __________________
【答案】　1.lie i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n　2.be good at　3.have some difficulty in doing　4.communicate with　5.show sb.around
[句式温习]　
1．我们有宽敞、干净的房屋，且位于环境优美的地方。
We have a ______________ house，which ________________ a beautiful area of the city.
2．我确信我们和讲英语者交流不会有困难。
__________ we won't ____________________ English speakers.
3．我们非常乐意用我家的车领着外国学生参观附近的名胜。
We'll be very glad to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ foreign students ________ some nearby ______________ in our own car.
4．学生们都会喜欢可口的中国食物。
The students will be able to ______________.
5．我盼望着很快收到你的来信。
I am ______________ you soon.
【答案】　1.large and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) clean；lies in　2.I'm sure；have any difficulty in communicating with　3.show；around；places of interest　4.enjoy delicious Chinese food
5．looking forward to hearing from
[连句成篇]　
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】Li Hua
Principal WangAt 24# Shan Da Road
No.3 Middle School of JinanAugust 2
Dear Mr.Wang，
I'm writing to requ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est a valuable chance to be one of the host families for the British students.
We have a large and c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lean house，which lies in a beautiful area of the city.I am good at English and my parents are both professors of English，so I'm sure we won't have any difficulty in co