【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版必修五教师用书Unit 1　Getting along with others

Unit 1　Getting along with others
【美文阅读】　
友谊是世界上非常宝贵的东西，但什么是真正的友谊呢？我们一起来探讨一下吧！
What is true friendship
Nowadays，the word fr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iendship has been used so frequently that it has lost its meaning.Some jokingly or seriously put it that friends are made to be taken advantage of，which makes me very sad.True friendship doesn't mean that when you need your friend's help，you will treat him to dinner，and when you have to protect yourself，you will put your friends in a difficult situation.On the contrary，true friendship is the communication of the hearts and understanding of the souls.
True friendship is li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke water，which is tasteless but is essential(最基本的)to our body.Compared with decent(相当好的)wine，water is insipid(无味道的)in taste，but is of great help to satisfy our thirst.True friends don't need to be with each other every day，but are connected in heart every minute whatever the distance is.
True friendship is li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke medicine，though tasted bitter，killing your illness.True friends give you some proposals in point even if they know you would not take.They criticize you when others are praising you，not because of envy but worrying that you may lose your cool head.
True friendsh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ip has nothing to do with fame，power，or possessions.True friends would often watch silently from afar when you are influential，but come to you whenever you need their help.They care not what
you are，but who you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are.You're not his stepping stone to success，but are his crutch(拐杖，支持)to live through difficulties.When you are happy，you are likely to forget him，but when you are in trouble，he is the first one you will turn to for help.
True friends make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you complete.Many persons company you through your life course，your parents，your lover，and your children，who take care of you and make your life happy.However，you still need someone who understands your thoughts and souls.Without them，you are likely to feel deserted in spirit and lose yourself.
True friends stay ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in your heart，rather than at your side；they know you more than yourself，and try to better you；they care you as much as themselves，but never let you know.They cherish you，for they know without you they are struggling alone in the desert.On your side，you will feel the same.Once you have found such a true friend，do treasure him/her.If your true friend disappears，how can you make the sound of your heart understood
【诱思导学】　
1．What makes the writer feel sad
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why does the writer write this article
________________________________________________________________________
3．What do you think true friendship is
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.That some people treat friendship wrongly.
2．To tell the readers his opinions about true friendship.
3．略
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本节课是新高二的第一课，上好这一课至关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重要，会给学生留下非常深刻的印象。通过本节的教学，让学生学会在与朋友出现矛盾时如何真实地表达自己的思想感情，如何表达矛盾出现的原因、经过、造成的后果。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过谚语导入新课，老师把英语板书在黑板上，让学生翻译。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.
患难朋友才是真朋友。
A life without a friend is a life without a sun.
人生没有朋友，犹如生活没有了太阳。
A man who has friends must show himself friendly.
要有朋友，必须友好待人。
A friend is a second self.
朋友乃第二之自我。
Faith will move mountain.
精诚所至，金石为开。
……
……
●教学流程设计

师生共同讨论并统一答案。




　　　　
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第4页并完成课本第4页习题，预习学案PeriodⅡ(见学案第3～11页)，写一篇关于友谊的日记。
(见学生用书第2页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格(每空不超过3词)
Things happened Sarah's feelings
Before Monday Sarah and Hannah were best friends.
Monday A surprise Maths test was given. She sounded 1.________ and thought the exam was
2.________ and she didn't need to
3.________ the results.
Tuesday Sarah got the lowest mark in her class and shared the
4.________ with Hannah. She was 5.________ of her failure，but tried to pretend to be 6.________.
Wednesday Classmates stared at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Sarah when she came into the classroom and a piece of paper that said“7.______ sarah got a D！”was on Sarah's desk. First she was extr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emely 8.________ and felt like 9.________.Then she was 10.________ and doubted Hannah had 11.________ her secret.
Now Sarah and Hannah were no longer best friends. She didn't think sh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e could 12.________ Hannah，and didn't know what to do.
【答案】　1.proud　2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )easy　3.worry about　4.secret　5.ashamed　6.cheerful　7.stupid　8.upset　9.crying　10.angry　11.let out　12.forgive
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2－3的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Why did Sarah feel ashamed
A．Because she thought her best friend Hannah didn't keep her secret.
B．Because she scored the lowest grade in her class.
C．Because her teacher wasn't satisfied with her.
2．Where did Sarah admit she had done badly in the maths test
A．In the classroom.
B．In the girls washroom.
C．On the way home.
3．Sarah felt betray ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed by her friend，Hannah，because she thought ________.
A．Hannah was the only one who knew her grade
B．it was the secret between Hannah and her
C．Hannah let out her secret
4．We may infer from t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he second letter that Andrew felt ________ after the match.
A．excited　　B．proud　　C．upset
5．The following statements are all true EXCEPT that ________.
A．Andrew was determined to win the match.
B．Andrew's brother advised Andrew to find another friend.
C．Matthew admitted that he hadn't tried hard enough in the match.
【答案】　1－5　BBCCC
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
apologize；argu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e；athletic；awkward；cheerful；focus；keep pace with；manner；sensitive；superb
Last week，we had an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) important football match against another school.The other team was 1.________ and we really had to 2.________.I was determined to win，but my best friend Matthew was playing badly.He could not 3.________ the game，and as a result of his careless playing，we lost.Afterwards，I got really angry with him and told him I thought he was not trying hard enough.He got annoyed too，saying I shouldn't have talked to him in such a rude 4.________.Then we both started shouting at each other and it turned into a horrible 5.________.Since we argued，we have not 6.________ to each other and he has never spoken to me.It's really 7.________.He is usually 8.________ and outgoing，but he has been really quiet and looks sad.I told my brother about the quarrel，but he said Matthew is just too 9.______ and perhaps a little bitter because I am really 10.______ and good at football，and that I had better find another friend.What should I do
【答案】　1.superb　2.foc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us　3.keep pace with　4.manner　5.argument　6.apologized　7.awkward　8.cheerful　9.sensitive　10.athletic
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．apologize　A．to stop being angry to sb.or about sth.stop blaming
2．argue B．show sb./sth.disloyally or be disloyal to sb./sth.
3．betray C．to make a promise or say rude words
4．blame D．to say or write(sth.)by way of comment；observe
5．forgive E．to express an opposite opinion；quarrel
6．remark F．to consider or say that sb.is responsible for sth.
7．swear G．to say one is sorry(to sb./for/about sth.)
【答案】　1.G　2.E　3.B　4.F　5.A　6.D　7.C
Ⅱ.短语填空
用所给短语的适当形式填空
get along，spy on，as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a result of，belong to，keep pace with，instead of，accuse...of...，even though
1．He lost his job ________ making a big mistake.
2．Who does this watch ________？
3．She works so fast that I can't ________ with her.
4．The old lady likes ________ other people's affairs.
5．They ________ their ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )government ________ betraying the interests of the people.
6．Their teacher is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a new graduate who is ________ well with the students.
【答案】　1.as a result of　2.belong to　3.keep pace with
4．spying on　5.accused；of　6.getting along
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．I must_have_sound ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.
测验之后，我听上去想必很是自鸣得意，说这次考试的内容有多么简单，还说我肯定能够取得好成绩。
2．She said that some ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one must_have_been_spying on us in the washroom，but I didn't believe her explanation.
她说有人肯定在洗手间里偷听了我们的谈话，可是我不相信她的解释。
3．He got annoyed， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )saying it wasn't his fault if he couldn't play as well as me，and that I shouldn't talk to him in this manner.
他恼火起来，说如果他踢得没有我好那也不是他的过错，并且说我不应该以这种方式跟他讲话。
4．Yesterday，I_saw_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )him_talking_to another boy，Peter，and I cannot_help_wondering if he wants Peter to be his best friend instead of me.
昨天，我看到他和另一个叫彼得的男孩儿在说话，我禁不住在想他是不是想要彼得取代我成为他最好的朋友。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语表达思想感情，朋友之间产生误会遇到矛盾该如何解决，提高学生与周围同学相处的能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师可以以提出问题的方式导入新课，如： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Every one has his(her)friends.How are you getting along with your friends？Who is your best friend？Have you ever been in trouble with your best friend？If ever，how did it come about？What were your feelings then？How do you deal with your trouble？How is your friendship going now？...I'd like someone to express them to us students.Who'd like to...
●教学流程设计


　　　　

(见学生用书第3页)
1．worth adj.值……；值得(做)n.价值(value)；值……的分量
If you can buy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a person's friendship，it's not worth having.(P1)如果你能买到一个人的友谊的话，那它就不值得拥有了。
The local museum is worth a visit.
当地这家博物馆值得参观。
The house is worth about $600,000.
这房子大约值600,000美元。
worth/worthy/worthwhile
worth 值得……，有……价值，后接名词或数词或动名词，常用结构为“be worth＋名词或数词”和“be worth doing...”。
worthy 值得……的，常用结构为“b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e worthy of＋名词”和“be worthy of being done”或“be worthy to be done”。
worthwhile 值得做的，可作表语或定语，常用于it is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) worthwhile to do/doing sth.(作表语)；a worthwhile job(作定语)一个值得做的工作。
His deed is worthy of praise.
＝His deed is worthy to be praised.
＝His deed is worthy of being praised.
他的行为值得表扬。
It's worthwhile to visit that country.
那个国家值得一游。
Nursing is a very worthwhile career.
护理工作是一份很值得做的事业。
　
分别用worth，worthy，worthwhile翻译
这个问题值得再讨论一次。
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________________
④________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①The problem is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )worth discussing a second time.　②The problem is worthy to be discussed a second time.　③The problem is worthy of being discussed/of discussion a second time.　④It is worthwhile discussing/to discuss the problem a second time.
2．betray vt.泄露(机密)；出卖，背叛；辜负，对……不忠；(无意中)泄露信息，流露情感
I feel betrayed by my friend Hannah.(P2)
我感觉我被我的朋友汉娜出卖了。
He had a good disgu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ise，but he betrayed himself as soon as he spoke.他伪装得很好，但一说话就露出原形了。
His expressions betrayed how happy he really was.
他的表情说明他实际上是多么高兴。
①betray oneself暴露出本来面目
betray sb./sth.to sb.向某人出卖某人，泄露某事给某人
betray＋that clause/wh clause泄露……；表明……
②betrayal n．背叛；出卖；泄露；暴露
③betrayer n．背叛者；卖国贼
完成句子
①Last year she ________________________(泄露了国家机密)to Russia.
②He was offered money by______________________
(出卖他的朋友)．
③Her red face ________________(显示出她很紧张)．
【答案】　①betrayed st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ate secrets　②betraying his friend　③betrayed her nervousness/that she was nervous
3．I must_have_so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unded very proud of myself after the quiz，saying how easy it was and how I was sure to get a good grade.(P2)考试之后，我的口气听上去想必很是自鸣得意，因为我说那次考试有多么容易，还说我肯定能够取得好成绩。
句中must have done是对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过……”或“必定已经做了……”。
The playground is wet.It must have rained last night.
操场是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。
They must have quar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )relled with each other for they haven't talked with each other for several days.
他们彼此好几天没有说话了，一定吵架了。
①表示对发生事情的可能性的推测：
must have done sth.准是已经……(否定式用can't)
might have done sth.或许已经……
could have done sth.可能已经……
②情态动词＋have done的用法：
could have done sth.本来能做……(但却没做)
should/ought to have done sth.本来应做……(但却没做)
would have done sth.本来打算做……(但却没做)
might have done sth.本来可以做……(但却没做)
He might have giv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en you more help，even though he was very busy.他本可能给你更多的帮助，即使他很忙。
We could have walked there，and it was so near.
我们本能够走到那儿，而且这么近。
Your brother has f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ailed the English exam again.You ought to have given him more help.
你哥哥英语考试又不及格。你本应该给他更多帮助的。
【对接高考】
(2012·江苏高考)—Happy birthday!
—Thank you！It's the best present I ________ for.
A．should have wished　　　B．must have wished
C．may have wished D．could have wished
【解析】　情态动词完成式。A项意为“本 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )应该期望而实际上并非如此”；B项意为“一定已经希望”；C项意为“也许已经希望”；D项意为“原来就指望”。句意：——生日快乐！——谢谢你！这是我原来就指望但没有想到会得到的最好的礼物了。根据句意可知，应选D项。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
①你一定读过这本书，因为你对这个故事很熟悉。
________________________________________________________________________
②我本来能按时到达的，但遇上了交通阻塞。
________________________________________________________________________
③你昨天本该给我打个电话的，但是你没有打。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①You must ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve read the book for you know the story very well.　②I could have come on time，but I was caught in heavy traffic.　③You should/ought to have phoned me yesterday，but you didn't.
4．pretend v．假装；装作；自以为
Afterwards，I pre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tended to be cheerful，but Hannah sensed something was wrong.(P2)后来，我假装很开心，但汉娜还是觉察到哪儿有点不对劲。
She pretended to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be reading a novel when I came into the room.当我走进房间时，她假装在读一本小说。
pretend sth.假装……
pretend to be＋n.(adj.)假装是……
pretend (not) to do sth.假装(不)做某事
pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做……
pretend to have done...假装已做
pretend that clause(从句)假装……
He pretended not to know the facts.
他佯装不知实情。
When mother e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntered his room，he pretended to have fallen asleep.当妈妈走进他房间时，他假装已经睡着了。
【教师备课资源】
pretend to sth.自称具有……
pretend to great talent自称有很大的天赋
pretend to learning自称有学识
pretend to various abilities自称有各种才能
pretence n．假装，做假，做作；自命，自称，自吹，炫耀
pretended adj.假装的；伪装的
完成句子
①他假装不认识我。
He pretended ________________________ me.
②他们假装是旅行者。
They ________________ they were tourists.
③他们自称是医生，但事实上，他们是一群骗子。
They ________________________ doctors，but as a matter of fact，they are frauds.
【答案】　①not to know　②pretended that
③pretended to be
5．admit v．承认；允许进入；接纳
We went to wash our ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nds in the girls' washroom before lunch and I admitted how badly I had done.(P2)
午饭前，我们去女洗手间洗手，我承认我考得是如何的差。
He admitted all his mistakes.
他承认了全部错误。
This hall can admit as many as 1,000 people.
这个礼堂可容纳多达1000人。
①admit (to) sth./doing sth.承认某事/干过某事
admit＋从句　承认……
admit...to be...承认……是……
admit sb.to/into sth.准许某人进入；准许某人加入
be admitted to/into...被……录取；被……接纳
②admission n．接纳；准许入学/会；承认
He admitted having done wrong to her.
他承认冤枉了她。
Each ticket admits two people to the party.
每张票可供两人入场参加聚会。
He has been admitt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to/into the college since he became famous.自他出名后这所大学就录取了他。
单句改错
①Will you admit to break the window？________
②Women were only admitted in the club last year.________
【答案】　①break→breaking　②in→into/to
句型转换
③She admitted her child's honesty.
＝She admitted her child ________________________.
＝She admitted that her child ________________.
【答案】　③to be honest/was honest；was honest
6．beg v．请求，恳求；乞讨
I begged her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) not to tell anyone else，and she said she would keep my secret.(P2)
我求她不要告诉任何人，她说她会替我保守秘密。
He begged her forgiveness.他恳求她的宽恕。
She begged him not to go.她求他别离开。
beg to do sth.请求做某事
beg sb.to do sth.恳求某人做某事
beg (sb.) for sth.请求(某人)给予某物
beg sth.from sb.向某人乞求某物
beg your pardon请再说一遍
He was so po ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or that he had to beg(for)money from passers by.他穷得要向行人乞求布施。
During the Depress ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion，many people had to beg for a living.在大萧条期间许多人不得不以乞讨为生。
完成句子
①The children ________(恳求着要和我们一起来)．
②She ran to the nearest house and ________(恳求帮助)．
③I ________(恳求海伦留下来)，but she wouldn't listen.
【答案】　①begged to com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e with us.　②begged for help/begged to be helped　③begged Helen to stay
7．I was so upset that I felt like crying.(P2)
我觉得难受极了，甚至想哭出来。
该句是so...that引导的结果状语从句，常用句型为：主语＋谓语＋so＋adj./adv.＋that从句。表示“如此……以至于……”。
Shelly is so young that she can't look after herself.
雪莉太小了，不能照顾自己。
My son ran so fast that I couldn't catch him.
我儿子跑得如此快，以至于我追不上他。
so...that.../such...that...
so...that... so＋adj./adv.＋that从句；so＋adj./adv.＋a(n)＋可数名词单数＋that从句
such...that... such＋a(n)＋adj.＋可数名词单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )数＋that从句；such＋adj.＋可数名词复数＋that从句；such＋adj.＋不可数名词＋that从句 均表示如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句
The novels are so interesting that I want to read them again.
这些小说是如此有趣以至于我想再把它们读一遍。
He has made such gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat progress that the teachers are pleased with him.
他取得的进步是如此大以至于老师们对他很满意。
He is such a clever boy that everybody likes him.
他是个如此聪明的男孩以至于人人都喜欢他。
【教师备课资源】
1．so...that...的句型中so后跟名词的用法
①so＋many/few＋可数名词复数＋that从句
He made so many mistak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es that he didn't pass the exam.他犯了如此多的错误，以至于考试没能及格。
②so＋much/little＋不可数名词＋that从句
There is so lit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tle time left that I have to leave at once.剩下的时间太少了，我得马上离开。
2．在“so＋adj./adv.＋that clause”结构中，如果把“so＋adj./adv.”提到句首，则其所在的句子要部分倒装。
So fast did Tom run that he was out of breath.
汤姆跑得这么快以至于他上气不接下气。
①He made ________ that all his friends thought he would be ________ success sooner or later.
A．such a great progress；/ B．such great progress；a
C．so great progress；/ D．so great a progress；a
【解析】　progress是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不可数名词，故“如此大的进步”用英语表示为“such great progress”，排除A、D；又success可作为可数名词指成功的人或事，故选B。
【答案】　B
②So much of interest _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ that most visitors simply run out of time before seeing it all.
A．offers Beijing B．Beijing offers
C．does Beijing offer D．Beijing does offer
【解析】　句意：北京有这么多名胜以至于多数 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )游客还没有来得及看完就没有时间了。本题考查倒装句型的用法。当so/such...that结构中的so/such位于句首时，句子谓语要部分倒装。
【答案】　C
8．keep one's word 信守诺言
...we weren't going to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be friends any more because she coudn't keep her word.(P2)
……由于她不信守诺言我们不会再做朋友了。
You should keep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your word since you promised to help him.既然你答应好帮他，他就应该信守诺言。
He always keeps his word；he is a man of his word.
他总是信守诺言，他是个守信用的人。
break one's word/promise食言
have a word with sb.与某人谈话
have words with sb.与某人争吵
in a word简言之
in other words换句话说
As is often the case，he broke his word again.
像往常一样，他又食言了。
In a word，he is an honest person.
总而言之，他是个诚实的人。
Harry's mother got very angry because he didn't ________.
A．break his words B．keep his words
C．break his word D．keep his word
【解析】　keep one's word意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“遵守诺言”；break one's word意为“违背诺言”。句意：母亲生气的原因是因为亨利没有遵守诺言。
【答案】　D
9．swear(swore，sworn)v.发誓；郑重承诺；咒骂，说脏话
She was reall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y upset and swore that she hadn't told anyone.(P2)她非常不安，并发誓她没告诉任何人。
I swear I will be faithful to my office and my homeland.
我发誓我将忠于我的职守和我的祖国。
swear sth./to do sth./that从句
发誓要……；决心要……
swear at咒骂
swear sb.to sth.使某人发誓做某事
Mona swore never to return home.
莫娜发誓再也不回家了。
She often see ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ms to get rid of stress by swearing at her son.她似乎经常借骂她的儿子来消除紧张情绪。
He swore his friend to secrecy.
他要他的朋友发誓保守秘密。
句型转换
①Chen Xiaochun swore eternal love to Ying Caier.
＝Chen Xiaochun swore ______________ Ying Caier ________.
＝Chen Xiaochun swore ________________________ Ying Caier ________.
【答案】　①to love；eternally；he would love；eternally
翻译句子
②我发誓我刚才没有骂你。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　②I swear that I didn't swear at you.
10．forgive(forgave，forgiven)vt.原谅；宽恕
I don't think I can ever truly forgive her.(P2)我想我真的再也不能原谅她了。
Forgive me for inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rupting，but I really don't agree with that.请原谅我打岔，但我的确不同意那一点。
①forgive sth.原谅某事
forgive sb.(for sth./doing sth.)原谅某人做了某事
forgive sb.sth.免除/豁免某人的(债务)
②forgiveness n．原谅
He ________ me this time，though I had made a terrible mistake.
A．forgave B．promised
C．forbad D．punished
【解析】　本题考查动词词义辨析。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意为“虽然我这次犯了一个很严重的错误，但是他原谅我了。”forgive意为“原谅”；promise意为“承诺”；forbid意为“禁止”；punish意为“惩罚”。故选A。
【答案】　A
11．focus vi.& vt. 集中注意力于……；(使)聚焦
n．焦点；重点
The other team wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s superb and we really had to focus.(P3)那个队特别棒，我们真的必须集中精力。
He focused the camera and took a photo.
他对好焦距，照了一张相。
When studying，he focused his mind on his lessons.
读书时，他集中心思于功课上。
focus on...集中于……
focus one's attention/efforts/energy on...
集中注意力/努力/精力于……
focus one's mind on...把心思集中于……
focus one's eyes on...注视着
bring/throw sth.into focus使某事物成为关注的焦点
You should focus your attention on your work.
你应该把注意力放到工作上。
The course focuses on three main topics.
这门课程主要讨论3个主要问题。
完成句子
①We must ________________________________________________________________________
(把所有的注意力集中到)the matter.
②He is________________(焦点)of everyone's attention.
【答案】　①focus all our attention on/upon
②the focus
12．pace n．速度；步伐；节奏
He could not keep pace with the game...(P3)
他跟不上比赛的节奏……
There were perhaps ten paces between me and the bear.在我和熊之间相距大约有十步。
The work progressed at a slow pace.
这项工作进展缓慢。
keep pace with(与……)步调一致；(与……)同步
keep up the pace保持速度
at your own pace按适合自己的速度
pace of life生活节奏
If you produce m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ore you could keep pace with the demand.如果你们生产了更多的产品你们就会跟上需求的步伐。
In the time of soc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ial reform，people's state of mind tends to ________ with the rapid changes of society.
A．keep pace B．keep touch
C．go on D．make progress
【解析】　keep pace wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h和……并驾齐驱。此处表示“人们的思想和快速发展的社会同步”。由句意可判断出答案为A。make progress with在某方面取得进展，不合句意。
【答案】　A
13．as a result of因为；由于
...and as a resul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t of his careless playing we lost.(P3)……由于他漫不经心的比赛，我们输掉了。
The flight was delayed as a result of the fog.
因有雾该航班误点。
as a result结果；因此
result in 导致；造成
result from由……造成
without result徒劳；毫无结果
【教师备课资源】
“由于……”还可以这样表达：beca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )use of因为，由于，指原因，用以指出理由；owing to由于，应归功于；due to 因为，由于；on account of由于，因为；thanks to由于，因为，幸亏。
句型转换
①His illness resulted from the bad food.
＝The bad food ________________ his illness.
【答案】　①resulted in
完成句子
②Many people were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) injured ________________________________(由于)the accident.
③He ate some bad fish.________________________(结果)，he felt ill.
【答案】　②as a result of/because of　③As a result
14．guilty adj.内疚的；有罪的
I feel reall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y guilty because I made some cruel remarks too，but I dislike seeing our team lose.(P3)我现在感到很内疚，因为我也说了一些很冷酷的话，可我就是不愿看到我们队输球。
I felt guilty about/for visiting her so rarely.
我因很少去看望她而感到内疚。
John had a guilty look on his face.
约翰脸上显出惭愧的表情。
①find sb.guilty判决某人有罪
be guilty of (doing) sth.犯(过失等)
feel/be guilty about/over/for自觉有罪的；内疚的
②guilt n．罪行
The court found him guilty.法官判他有罪。
He was guilty of robbery.他犯了抢劫罪。
I feel really ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ about not having written to you for such a long time.
A．nervous B．disappointing
C．guilty D．worried
【解析】　考查形容词辨义。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很长时间没有写信给你，我真的觉得很歉疚。feel nervous about对……紧张；be worried about担心。feel guilty about对……感到内疚，符合句意。
【答案】　C
15．Football is ve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry important to me，but so_is_our_friendship.(P3)足球对我很重要，但我们的友谊也同样很重要。
句中so is our friendship是“so＋be动词＋主语”的倒装结构，用于肯定句，表示前面主语的情况也适用于另一个人或物。
He is from Shanghai，and so am I.
他来自上海，我也是。
He has been ill，and so has his wife.
他病了，他妻子也病了。
I prefer the first version，and so does she.
我喜欢第一稿，她也是。
①“so＋be动词/助动词/情态动词＋主语”的倒装结构用来表示前面主语某种肯定的情况也适用于另一主语。
②“neither/nor＋助动词/be动词/情态动词＋主语”表示该主语的某种否定的情况也适用于另一主语。
③上文出现了两种以上的情况，如既有肯 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定又有否定，既有be动词又有实义动词等，用So it is/was with...或It is/was the same with...。
She left school yesterday，and so did I.
她昨天离校，我也是。
Wood cannot conduct electricity，neither/nor can glass.
木头不导电，玻璃也是。
Mary didn't like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )English and she often failed in the exam.So it was with Tom.
玛丽不喜欢英语，而且她考试经常失败。汤姆也是。
【教师备课资源】
So＋主语＋be/have/助动词表示“的确如此”是对前面主语所做事情的进一步肯定。
①—It was cold yesterday.——昨天很冷。
—So it was.——的确如此
②—Tom likes Basketball.——汤姆喜欢篮球。
—So he does.——他的确喜欢篮球。
③—I have even cleaned the windows.我把窗子也擦干净了。
—So I have.我看到了。(看见窗子已擦干净了)
④—Has he lost a fortune？他输掉一大笔钱吗？
—So they say.他们是这么说的。
完成句子
①I have bought a co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mputer.________________________________________________________________________
(她也买了一台)．
②You taught in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) middle school ten years ago.________________________(我也是)．
③—I didn't go to the cinema last night.
—________________________(我也没去)．
【答案】　①So has she　②So did I　③Nor/Neither did I
16．argue vi.争吵；争论；争辩
Since we arg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ued，he hasn't spoken to me even though we sit next to each other in class.(P3)自从我们争吵后，他一直没有跟我说话，尽管我们俩在班上是邻座。
The couple next door are always arguing.
邻居夫妇总吵架。
We argued with the waiter about the price of the meal.我们跟服务员争执那顿饭的价钱。
argue(with sb.)about/over sth.(和某人)辩论/争辩某事
argue for为……而力争
argue against为反对……而争辩
argue sb.into/out of doing sth.说服某人做(不做)某事
We argued him out of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) going on such a dangerous journey.我们劝说他别去做如此危险的旅行。
They are always arguing over unimportant matters.
他们老是在无关紧要的事上争论不休。
They argued with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) each other about the best place for a holiday.他们彼此争论关于度假的最好的地方。
Although Dora's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lawyer ________ that his 58 year old client(当事人)would bring no more harm to society，she was sentenced to death after all.
A．declared B．announced
C．discussed D．argued
【解析】　句意：虽然Do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ra的律师据理力争，认为他58岁的当事人不会对社会带来什么危害了，但Dora还是被判了死刑。argue此处可指“据理力争”，符合题意。
【答案】　D
17．apologize vi.道歉
The things he said hurt me too，but he has not apologized to me.(P3)
他说的话也伤害了我，可他也没有向我道歉。
There is no need to apologize.没必要道歉。
①apologize(to sb.)for sth./doing sth.
因(做了)某事向某人道歉
②make an apology(to sb.)for sth./doing sth.
因(做了)某事向某人道歉
owe sb.an apology for因……向某人道歉
make/offer/demand/accept an apology致歉/主动道歉/要求道歉/接受道歉
I must apologiz ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e/make an apology to you for not being able to meet you.我因为不能去接你必须向你道歉。
I really owe you an apology for having lost your letter.
丢了你的信我确实该向你道歉。
完成句子
①You should________________________________________________________________________
(向你妈妈道歉)for what you have done.
②He________________________________________________________________________(向我道歉)
for breaking my glasses.
【答案】　①apologize to y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our mother/make an apology to your mother　②made an apology to me/apologized to me
18．I told my bro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther about the quarrel，but he said Mattew is just too sensitive and perhaps a little bitter...(P3)
我把吵架的事告诉了哥哥，但他说马修只是太敏感，可能还有一点嫉妒……
(1)quarrel n．& vi.争吵；争执
I have no quarrel with what you say.
我对你的话没有反对意见。
She often quarrelle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d with her husband over trivial matters.她常因小事情与丈夫争吵。
He quarrelled with my suggestion that television caused violence.
他反对我对于电视会引起暴力事件的看法。
quarrel with sb.和某人争吵
quarrel with sth.不同意某事
quarrel about/over sth.因某事争吵
have a quarrel with sb.和某人争吵
have a quarrel with sth.不同意；不赞成
①He is good natured and has never had a ________ with anyone.
A．argument B．disagreement
C．quarrel D．complaint
【解析】　考查名词词义辨析。argume ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt，“争论”；disagreement，“反对”；quarrel，“争吵”；complaint，“抱怨”。句意：他脾气很好，从不和任何人争吵。
【答案】　C
(2)sensitive adj.易生气的；敏感的；体贴的
The eyes are sensitive to light.
眼睛对光很敏感。
We must be sen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sitive to any changes in international situations.我们必须时刻关注国际形势的任何变化。
①be sensitive about介意；在乎
be sensitive to对……敏感
②sense vt.意识到；感觉 n．感觉；意识
This tooth is sensitive to cold.
这颗牙对冷过敏。
He's very sensitive about his ugly appearance.
他对自己丑陋的外貌很敏感。
【教师备课资源】
in a sense从某种意义上来说
in no sense绝不是，决非
make sense(话等)有意义，合/有理
make sense of了解……的意义，懂得
lose one's sense昏过去；发疯，失去理性
come to one's senses恢复理性；苏醒
there is no/some sense in doing...做……是没有/有一些道理的/意义的
②When you ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e physically ________ to weather changes，maybe it's a sign that you're getting old.
A．flexible B．attractive
C．active D．sensitive
【解析】　句意：当你的身体对天气变化敏感时，这可能就是一个你要感冒的迹象。be sensitive to...“对……敏感”。
【答案】　D
19．If_so，the problem lies with you，not her.(P5)
如果这样的话，问题就出在你身上，而不是她身上。
句中if so是状语从句的省略。在时间、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )条件和让步状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致，或从句主语是it，并且从句中含有be动词时，可以将从句主语与be动词同时省略。
You may ask me for help if(it is)necessary.
有必要时你可以向我求助。
When(he was)still a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) child of 5 years old，he took up the piano.他还是个五岁的孩子时就开始弹钢琴了。
Although(he was)tired，he continued.
尽管他很累，他还在坚持。
Be careful when(you are)crossing the street.
过马路时要小心。
常见的几个if省略句：
if so如果这样的话　　　　if not 如果不
if necessary如果有必要 if possible如果有可能
if any 如果有 if ever如果曾经有
There are few，if any，mistakes in that book.
那本书就是有错误也不多。
If possible，I wish to go there next summer.
如果可能的话，我希望明年夏天去那儿。
If not，can I see him now
要是不忙，我现在可以见他吗？
用if so，if not，if any，if ever，if possible，if necessary完成句子
①He seldom comes late，________.
②Correct the errors in your report，________.
③We must hurry up；________，we may be late.
④Some of you may ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve finished Unit One.________，you can go on to Unit Two.
⑤________，I can come at once.
⑥________，may I invite you to dance with me
【答案】　①if ever　②if any　③if not　④If so　⑤If necessary　⑥If possible
20．While it may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )feel awkward，if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her.(P5)尽管可能感觉有些尴尬，但是如果她真是你最好的朋友，你应该因为责备她而向她道歉。
句中while为连词，意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，常用于句首，相当于although.
While I admit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that there are problems，I don't agree that they cannot be solved.尽管我承认有问题存在，但我不同意说这些问题不能解决。
While it was late，he went on working.
虽然很晚了，但他还在继续工作。
while 的其他几种用法：
①conj.而，却。连接两个并列问，表对比。
②conj.在……期间，当……时候。引导时间状语从句，从句的谓语应是延续性动词。
③n.一段时间。常用于短语once ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in a while间或，偶尔；after a while过了一会儿；for a long while很久。
I like singing while she likes dancing.
我喜欢唱歌，而她喜欢跳舞。
He fell asleep while he was doing his homework.
他做着做着功课就睡着了。
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)At ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )school，some students are active ________ some are shy，yet they can be good friends with one another.
A．while B．although
C．so D．as
【解析】　考查并列连词。句意：在学校， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一些学生很活跃而一些学生却很害羞，然而他们都可能彼此成为好朋友。根据句意选while，表示两个分句中两种情况的对比。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①Someone must have broken in ________________
(我们睡觉时)．
②Some people waste food ________________(然而有人却不够吃的)．
③________________(虽然他很爱他的学生)，he is strict with them.
【答案】　①while we were a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sleep.　②while others haven't enough　③While he loves his students.
21．blame vt.责备；指责 n．(坏事或错事的)责任；责备；指责
While it may ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) feel awkward，if she really is your best friend you should apologize for blaming her.(P5)
尽管可能感觉有些尴尬，但是如果她真是你最好的朋友，你应该因为责备她而向她道歉。
It is no use blaming failure on others.
把失败归咎于他人是无用的。
You are not to blame for what has happened.
出了事不能怪你。
He put/laid the blame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for his failure in the exam on his teacher.他将此次考试的失败归罪于他的老师。
blame sb.责备某人
blame sb.for(doing)sth.因(做)某事责备某人
blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人
be to blame(for)应(为某事)承担责任；该(为某事)受责备
put/lay the blame(for sth.)on sb.把责任推到某人身上
单句改错
①He is more to be blamed than you.________
【答案】　be blamed→blame
单项填空
②________ for t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he breakdown of the school computer network，Alice was in low spirits.
A．Blaming B．Blamed
C．To blame D．To be blamed
【解析】　句意：因为使学校的电脑网络瘫痪而受到责备，爱丽丝情绪低落。blame与爱丽丝之间存在被动关系，所以用过去分词作状语。
【答案】　B
22．before long 不久；很快
Talk to your friend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )and I'm sure that，before long，you'll be back playing football together.(P5)
和你的朋友谈谈。我相信不久你们就会一起踢球了。
The dictionary will be published before long.
这本词典不久就要出版。
before long/long before
before long 意为“不久，很快”(＝soon)可用于将来或过去时态
long before ①单独使用，意为“很久以前；老早”，常用于过去完成时。②后接名词或句子，意为“在(还没有)……的很久以前”。③用于It is long before...句型中。
That had happened long before.
那事老早就发生了。
He had worked in the factory long before he got married.
在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。
It was long before he came back.
过了好久他才回来。
Before long he went to Paris.
不久他就去了巴黎。
＝It wasn't long before he went to Paris.
不久他就去了巴黎。
用before long，long before完成句子
①I hope to see you again ________.
②She had left ________.
③It won't be ________ we see each other.
④________ he came to a small village.
【答案】　①before long　②long before　③long before
④Before long
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用不定式和动名词在句中所做的成分，并能够在阅读和做题过程中分析其句法功能。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计




(见学生用书第11页)
1．stay up不睡觉；熬夜；挺住
We stay up at night and talk about many things.(P7)
我们熬夜并讨论很多事情。
These sticks are not strong enough to stay up.
这些棍子不够结实，撑不住。
stay in 留在家里；不外出
stay out不在家；在外过夜
stay behind留在后面；留下来
stay still静止不动
stay calm保持镇静
I'll stay in from Monday till Thursday.
从周一至周四我会一直在家。
I know that i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is difficult to stay calm，but there is nothing to worry about.
我知道保持镇定很难，但是实在是没什么好担心的。
【教师备课资源】
up短语：　　　　　　　use up用完
put up张贴 give up放弃
make up组成；化妆 do up扣上；系上
set up建立 stand up起立
come up被提出 come up with提出
用up，in，behind填空
①他熬到深夜才完成工作。
He has to stay ________ all hours of the night to finish his work.
②下班后工作人员需要留下来把工作赶完。
Staff must stay ________ after hours to catch up on their work.
③我们几乎每晚都待在家里作业。
He stays ________ almost every night and do his homework.
【答案】　①up　②behind　③in
2．doubt n．& v．怀疑
I have no doubt he will succeed.(P7)
我毫不怀疑他会成功。
I have no doubt that you are honest.
我相信你是诚实的。
She doubts whether she'll be successful.
她怀疑她能否成功。
have no doubt of/about sth.对某事毫不怀疑
There is no doubt that...毫无疑问……
have some doubt whether...怀疑是否……
There is some doubt whether...怀疑是否……
without doubt无疑地；确实地
There is no doubt that he will succeed eventually.
毫无疑问他最终将会成功的。
【提示】　在否定句和疑问句中，用th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at引导从句，在肯定句中，用whether或者if引导宾语从句，但是引导介词的宾语从句和其他名词性从句(it作形式主语外)只用whether。
完成句子
①There is no d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oubt________________________________________________________________________
(钓鱼岛属于中国)．
②I have some doubt___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____________________________________________________________________
(他是否会获奖)．
【答案】　①that the Diaoyu Islands belong to China
②whether he will win the prize
单句改错
③He has some doubt if I will come on time.________
④It is no doubt that a cure for AIDS will be found.________
【答案】　③if→whether　④It→There
3．would rather...than...宁愿……而不……
You know I wou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ld rather visit the dentist than study algebra and arithmetic！(P9)
你知道我宁愿看牙医也不愿学习代数和算术！
I would rather be laughed at than quarrel with him.
我宁愿被嘲笑，也不愿和他吵架。
would do...rather than do...宁愿……而不愿……
would rather(not)do...宁愿(不)做……
Rather than do；sb.do sth.宁愿……也不
would rather＋
“宁愿……也不……”的其他表达方式：
prefer(doing)A to(doing)B
prefer to do A rather than do B
I would remain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )poor rather than get money by dishonest means.我宁可安于贫穷，也不愿用不正当手段赚钱。
I'd rather you went tomorrow/now.
我宁愿你明天/现在去。
I'd rather she sat next to me.我宁愿她挨着我坐。
I'd rather you hadn't done that.我宁愿你没这样做。
Rather than make m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oney this way，I prefer to go hungry.我宁愿挨饿，也不用这种方式赚钱。
句型转换
She would rather walk than drive.
①She________ walk ________________ drive.
②She________________she________ instead of driving.
③She________walking________driving.
④She________________walk________________drive.
【答案】　①would；rather than　②would rather；walked
③prefers；to　④prefers to；rather than
4．all the time一直；始终
Jane is hard work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing and seems to try her best all the time.(P9)简学习勤奋而且似乎一直在尽其所能。
He gets up early all the time.他一直起得早。
on time 按时
in time及时地；总有一天
at the same time 同时；尽管如此
at one time一度；过去曾经
in no time马上
【教师备课资源】
①含有time的短语：
ahead of time提前
at all times老是；时常
at times有时
for the time being暂时
from time to time偶尔
many a time时常；多次
at a time一次；同时
time and(time)again屡次
have a good time过得愉快
once upon a time曾经
②含有all的短语：
all the way全程；一直
all the while一直；始终
all the more更加
all the same照样；仍然
用time的相关短语完成句子
①________ I used to go skiing every winter.
②If you keep on，you will succeed ________.
③The letter I was searching for was in my pocket ________.
④She was laughing and crying ________.
【答案】　①At one time　②in time　③all the time
④at the same time
5．discourage劝阻，阻止；使失去信心，便泄气
Mum discourages me from chatting online.(P11)
妈妈阻止我网聊。
They discouraged me from taking that step.
他们劝阻我采取那个步骤。
The difficult work di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )scouraged Alan and he left school.艰难的功课使艾伦失去信心，退学了。
①discourage sb.from doing sth.阻止某人做某事
discourage doing sth.阻止做某事
②discouraged adj.气馁的
③discouraging adj.令人气馁的
④encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
完成句子
①别泄她的气，她正尽力做呢。
____________；she's doing her best.
②我们阻止在这所学校里吸烟。
We ____________ in this school.
③做父母的应该劝子女不要吸烟。
Parents should ____________ their children ____________.
【答案】　①Don't disco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urage her　②discourage smoking　③discourage；from smoking
　
指出下列句中画线部分分别作何成分。
1．To_find_a_best_friend is difficult.(　　)
2．I have a very important meeting to_attend.(　　)
3．His intention was to_cheer_me_up.(　　)
4．My dad arranged some swimming lessons to_surprise_me.(　　)
5．I asked him to_come_over.(　　)
6．I need to_sleep_for_eight_hours every night.(　　)
7．Swimming is good for your health.(　　)
8．I love swimming_in_the_sea during the summer.(　　)
【答案】　1.主语　2.定语　3.表语　4.状语　5.宾语补足语　6.宾语　7.主语　8.宾语
动词不定式
一、不定式的基本形式和结构
主动 被动
一般式 to do to be done
进行式 to be doing /
完成式 to have done to have been done
完成进行式 to have been doing /
二、不定式的句法功能
功能 用法 例句
作主语 动词不定式可以起名词的作用，这时谓语动词常用单数形式，当不定式较长时，往往用it代替不定式作形式主语。 To obey the laws is everybody's duty.
遵守法律是每个人的职责。
To see is to believe.
眼见为实。
It's very difficult to drive in the mountains.在山区开车很困难。
作表语 动词不定式作表语表示主语的职业、职责或性质等。 The plan is to prom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ote the understanding between the two countries.这项计划旨在促进两国之间的了解。
作宾语 动词不定式可以充当部分及物动词( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )短语)或介词的宾语，常放在动词afford，agree，apply，ask，arrange，choose，decide，fail，forget，hate，help，hope，intend，promise，start，want，wish等后面作宾语。 I hope to see you soon.我希望很快见到你。
I decide to go shopping this Sunday.我决定这周日去购物。
He had no choice but to wait.他除了等待，别无选择。
I waved to her but failed to attract her attention.我向她挥手，但没引起她的注意。
作定语 动词不定式作定语时，需放在其修饰的名词或代词之后，通常与其所修饰的名词或代词之间存在着一定的逻辑关系。 He is a pleasant fellow to work with.他是一个很好共事的人。
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
He is always the first to answer the questions.他总是第一个回答问题的人。
作宾语
补足语 动词不定式可在句中充当宾语补足语，而 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )且常作下列动词的宾语补足语：ask，request，tell，invite，force，get，cause，wish，prefer，want，expect，encourage，advise，persuade，allow等。 Many parents ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )allow their children to make their own decisions.许多父母都允许他们的孩子自己做决定。
I never expected the shoes to be worn out so soon.我从没想到鞋子这么快就穿破了。
作状语 动词不定式作状语可表示目的、结果或原因。 We'll be very happy to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) co operate with you in the project.在此项目中与你们合作，我们将非常高兴。
作插入语 常用插入语：to tell you t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he truth，to make things worse，to be brief，to be frank，to be sure等。 To tell you the truth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，your son failed in the entrance examinations.说实语，你儿子在入学考试中失败了。
To be sure，we can do it well.当然，我们能做好这件事。
三、动词不定式的省略
用法 例句
为了避免重复，在hope，wish，want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，like，love，plan，need，mean，forget等词后出现与前面相同的不定式时，常保留不定式符号to，而把其他部分省略；但不定式的完成式中的have和一般式中的to be不可省略。 China is no longer what it used to be.中国再也不是它过去的样子。
I went there，because I wanted to.我去了那儿，因为我想去。
在使役动词let，make，have和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )感官动词(词组)feel，see，watch，notice，hear，listen to后面作宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略，但当变成被动语态时，不定式符号to要加上。 The teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )often has his students read aloud in class.这位老师经常让他的学生在课堂上大声朗读。
He was made to work more than twelve hours a day.他被迫一天工作十二个多小时。
当两个不定式由and，or，except，but，than，rather than等连接时，通常第二个不定式符号to要省略。 I am determined to ring rather than write.我决定打电话，不写信了。
He will do anything but work in the fields.除了到地里去干活，什么事他都做。
动名词
一、动名词的基本形式和结构
时态
形式 用法 主动
语态 被动
语态 例句
一般式 表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 doing being
done We don't allow smoking here.
我们不允许在这儿抽烟。
完成式 表示动作在谓语动词的动作之前完成或结束。 having
done having
been
done He was praised for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )having saved a boy from the river.他因为从河里救起了一个男孩而受到了表扬。
二、动名词的句法功能
功能 用法 例句
作主语 动名词可以作主语，这时谓语动词常用单数形式。 Reading is important for learning English.阅读对于学英语是很重要的。
作表语 动名词作表语常表示主语的内容。 The worker's work is cleaning the room.那个工人的工作是清洁房间。
作宾语 动名词可作动词的宾语，也可作 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )介词的宾语。常放在suggest，advise，consider，admit，allow，appreciate，enjoy，finish，risk，escape，practise，resist，quit，miss，pardon，forbid，delay，imagine，avoid等动词后。 He suggested having a try.他建议试一试。
He considered making a new decision.他考虑做个新的决定。
I don't feel like eating anything.我什么都不想吃。
I'm looking forward to hearing from him.我期待收到他的信。
作定语 动名词作定语表示物体的性质或用途。 I bought a washing machine for my parents.我给父母买了一台洗衣机。
三、动名词与不定式作动词宾语时的区别
1．一般来说，不定式表示一次的、具体的动作；动名词表示长期的、经常的行为。
I like swimming but I don't like to swim today.
我喜欢游泳但我今天不想游泳。
2．跟在动词continue，start，begin后。
continue，start与begin后接不定式或动名词没有区别，但在下列三种情况下常接不定式，不接动名词。
(1)当begin/start的主语是无生命之物时。
It begins to rain.天开始下雨了。
(2)当begin/start用于进行时。
He is beginning to study English.他正开始学英语。
(3)当begin/start的后面接的是不能用于进行时的动词，如：know，understand，believe等时。
I began to believe his story.我开始相信他的故事。
3．跟在like，dislike，hate，prefer，love后。
like，love，hate与prefer等动词后接不定式和动名词含义差别不大，但略有不同。
【注意】　在would like，would love，would prefer等后面，通常用动词不定式。
I would love to see you every day.我很想天天见到你。
4．forget，remember，regret，mean，try，stop，go on等动词(短语)后接不定式和动名词时含义不同。
He forgot to close the door when he left.
当他离开时忘了关门。
I will never forget winning my first gold medal.
我永远忘不了我第一次获得金牌。
I regret to tell you that you are fired.
我抱歉地告诉你，你被解雇了。
I regret telling him the truth.我后悔告诉了他真相。
He tried to prove that his idea was practical.
他试图证明他的想法是切实可行的。
You should try eating some fruit.
你应该试试吃一些水果。
5．跟在need，want，require后。
“sth.need(s)/want(s)/require(s)＋doing/to be done”都表示“某物/事需要被做……”。
The bike needs repairing/to be repaired.
自行车需要被修理一下。
The house requires cleaning/to be cleaned.
房子需要被清扫一下。
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料并根据材料得出结论。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的观点和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握如何表达同意与不同意，如何写建议信。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是通过对两篇文章的学习使学生了解正确的朋友观，朋友的重要性，让学生在以后的人生旅途中珍惜朋友，珍惜友谊。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Whether we r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ealize it or not，we all need friends.Different people may have different opinions about friendship and what makes a good friend.What's your attitude towards friendship？Let's read the following articles and find out more about different attitudes to friendship...
●教学流程设计
导入新课。





(见学生用书第15页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P18课文，判断正误
1．How girls can talk for so long puzzles Robert.(　　)
2．Boys' and girls' friendship are based on feelings.(　　)
3．Boys share activities and girls share feelings.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　T　F　T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P18及P19课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which of the following is right
A．Boys always seem to have a lot to talk about with their friends.
B．Boys always seem to have more friendships.
C．Boys can't name a single best friend.
2．In the sec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ond text，what did the writer do with the quarrel between her and her friend Jenny
A．The writer found another new friend.
B．She forgave her friend.
C．She apologized to her friend Jenny.
3．What can you know about according to the second text
A．Generally speaking friendship is important.
B．The writer didn't go to her grandparents' house that day.
C．The writer only saw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some of the tourists having their pictures together.
【答案】　1－3　C　B　A
(见学生用书第16页)
1．hopeless adj.没有希望的；绝望的；糟透的
Life is not hopeless.(P13)生活不是无望的。
He was disappointed so often that he became hopeless.
他屡次失望，以致变为了绝望。
He is hopeless about his chances of winning the contest.他没有希望在竞赛中获胜。
①a hopeless situation/attempt 没有希望的局势/尝试
a hopeless case 绝症(病人)；无希望造就的人
be hopeless at在……无能的；不能胜任的
②hopeful有希望的
He's hopeless at maths. 他对数学一窍不通。
I feel hopeful of success. 我对成功抱有希望。
完成句子
①要说服他是没有希望的。
____________ trying to convince him.
②我们对未来充满希望。
We ____________ the future.
③他对教学一窍不通。
He is ____________.
【答案】　①It is hopeless　②are hopeful of/about
③hopeless at teaching
2．overcome (overcame，overcome)vt.克服，解决；被(烟；感情等)熏(压)倒；使受不了
We will listen to y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our problems and offer you practical advice on how to overcome them.(P13)我们将听你的问题并且就怎么克服它们给你提供很实用的建议。
We have some difficulties to overcome.
我们有些有待克服的困难。
be overcome by/with被……所压倒
be overcome by hunger因饥饿而软弱无力
overcome difficulties(shortcomings，weaknesses)
克服困难(缺点，弱点)
She was overcome by smoke.她被烟熏倒了。
I was overcome by a sense of failure.
我被失败感所压倒。
完成句子
①他们悲痛欲绝。
They were ________ sadness.
②她克服了羞涩之后，就变得非常友善。
After she had ________，she became very friendly.
【答案】　①overcome by/with　②overcome her shyness
3．get through (用电话)接通
Our lines can get very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) busy but please keep trying and you will soon get through.(P13)我们的线路可能很忙，但是请不断尝试，最终你会接通的。
I rang you several times but couldn't get through.
我给你打了几次电话，可是没打通。
I can't get through to him.
我不能接通他的电话。
get sb.through给某人接通电话
get through to sb.联系上某人
get through还可表示“用完，耗尽，处理，完成，通过(考试等)”等意思。
We wish to get through the thing quickly.
我们期望赶快把这件事做完。
They have all got through the examination.
他们全通过考试了。
I must get through the book before Saturday.
我必须在星期六之前看完这本书。
【教师备课资源】
get的相关短语：
get through with做完；办完
get together聚首；欢聚；碰头
get over克服，摆脱；从……中恢复过来，痊愈
get down to＋n./doing开始认真处理/做某事
get rid of处理掉；去掉
get round 传开；传播
get in touch with与……取得联系
get in进入；把……放进
get off下(车、飞机等)；脱(衣、鞋等)
get on上(车、飞机等)；穿上
get out出去；(由车上)下来
get to抵达；到达
完成句子
①He ________________(看完这本书)in one evening.
②The teacher helped all his students __________________(顺利通过考试)．
③I couldn't______________________(联系上你)this morning.
【答案】　①got through the book　②get through the exam　③get through to you
4．I am of the same opinion(as...)．(P14)
我(与……)持同样的观点。
句中of the same opinion属于“of＋the same＋名词”结构，作表语。
The two pigs are of the same weight.
这两头猪一样重。
“be of＋抽象名词”结构的用法归纳如下：
①be of great/much
＝be very＋
(be of＋抽象名词＝be＋该词的同根形容词)
②be of a(n)/the/the same＋n.“属于，归于”(这类抽象名词没有相应的形容词形式)
be of the size/weight/height/age/colour/kind/type，etc.
【提示】　“of＋n.”结构相当于形容词，在句中作后置定语或表语。
The dictionary is of great value to us.
＝The dictionary is very valuable to us.
这本字典对我们来说很有用(价值)。
He and I are (of) the same age.
＝He is (of) the same age as I am.
＝He is as old as I.
他和我一样大。
完成句子
①These glasse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s ________________________________________________________________________
(同样大小)．
②He ________________________________________________________________________
(和我意见相同)．
③The book ________________________________________________________________________(很有价值)
to me.
【答案】　①are of the same ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) size　②is of the same opinion as I　③is of great value
5．attitude n．态度；看法
Boys and girls have d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifferent attitudes towards friendship.(P18)男生和女生对友谊的态度是不一样的。
Different people have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) different attitudes towards the problem.对这个问题不同的人有不同的态度。
attitude to/towards sb./sth.对……的态度/看法
have a positive/negative attitude to/towards sb./sth.
对……持肯定/否定的态度
take/adopt a/an...attitude采取……的态度
What is your attitude to the problem
你对这问题的看法如何？
They adopt a strong attitude towards this matter.
他们对这件事采取强硬态度。
完成句子
①He took/had ________________________ (友善的态度)towards us.
②If you want to pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss your exams，you'd better ________________________ (改变你的态度)．
【答案】　①a friendly attitude　②change your attitude
6．be based on 以……为基础；以……为根据
Friendships betwee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n girls are usually anchored in shared feelings and support，but friendships between boys are based on shared activities or interests.(P18)
女孩之间的友谊通常建立在共同的情感和互相支持之上，而男孩之间的友谊则以共同的活动或兴趣为基础。
Their relationship was based upon mutual respect.
他们的关系建立在相互尊重的基础之上。
①base n．基础；基地；根据地
②base...on/upon...把……建立在……的基础之上
In 1849，he we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.在1849年，他去了英格兰并将伦敦作为他革命工作的基地。
The story is based on a true story.
这个故事是以一个真实故事为基础的。
He based his opinion on the facts.
他的观点是以事实为基础的。
Many students belie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve the choice of their courses and universities should ________ their own interest.
A．be based on　　　　　　　B．base on
C．be basing on D．base at
【解析】　句意为“许多学生认为他们课程和大 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学的选择应该以他们自己的兴趣为基础”。base和choice是动宾关系，故用被动形式短语be based on，意为“以……为基础”。
【答案】　A
7．cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
A boy is likely to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cautious about sharing his feelings with his close friends.(P18)
对于与密友们分享感情这件事，一个男孩会更加谨慎。
You should be cautious of the strangers.
你应该小心提防陌生人。
①be cautious about/of...对……小心；谨慎于……
be cautious to do sth.谨慎地做某事
②caution n．小心；谨慎
The students are ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utious not to make any mistakes in spelling.学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。
These chemicals m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay be harmful to human bodies.Use them with ________.
A．chart B．caption
C．caution D．catalogue
【解析】　本题考查名词词义辨析。句意为“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这些化学药品可能对人体有害。使用时要小心”。chart意为“图表”；caption意为“说明文字”；caution意为“小心”；catalogue意为“目录”。根据题意，故选C。
【答案】　C
8．When_asked，they usually hesitate before responding.(P18)
当被问起时，他们在回答前往往会犹豫一下。
(1)When asked是一个省略了的状语从句，补充完整为：When they are asked.
When invited to the party，I felt surprised.
被邀请参加聚会时，我感到很意外。
在从属连词(when，wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ile，once等)引导的状语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，并且从句谓语中含有be动词时，从句主语和be动词可以省略。
While in colleg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e，he lived a simple life.在大学期间，他过着简单的生活。(从句可补充完整为While he was in college，...)
Even though ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )invited，he will not go there.即使受到邀请，他也不去那儿。(从句可补充完整为Even though he is invited，...)
Unless frightened，elep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hants will not attack you.除非受到惊吓，否则大象不会攻击你。(从句可补充完整为Unless they are frightened，...)
把下面的句子改为省略句
①Don't speak until you are spoken to.
________________________________________________________________________
②She stood at the gate as if she was waiting for someone.
________________________________________________________________________
③Be careful while you are crossing the road.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①Don't speak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) until spoken to.　②She stood at the gate as if waiting for someone.　③Be careful while crossing the road.
(2)respond vi.做出反应；回应
She asked where he'd been，but he didn't respond.
她问他到什么地方去了，他却不回答。
She responded to my letter with a phone call.
她收到我的信，给我回了个电话。
①respond to＝react to sb./sth.回答；回应
②response n．回答；响应
in response to作为对……的反应
make a quick response to对……作出很快的反应
She made no response to my question.
她对我的问题没有做什么答复。
She laughed in response to his jokes.
她听了他的笑话大笑。
完成句子
④他们这么做是迫于外界的压力。
They did it ________ external pressures.
⑤他对我的建议报之一笑。
He responded ________ my suggestion ________ a laugh.
⑥病人经治疗后未见起色。
The patient has not ________ treatment yet.
【答案】　④in response to　⑤to；with　⑥responded to
9．regardless of不管；不顾
The qualities that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )boys and girls consider important in a friend seem to be the same，regardless of the basis of these friendships.(P18)
无论男孩和女孩友谊的基础是什么，他们所看重的朋友身上的品质似乎是一样的。
We will do it regardless of what might happen.
不管情况怎样，我们决意这样做。
regardless of/in spite of
均为介词短语，其后不能接句子。
regardless of 不管，不顾。侧重于主观上的“不考虑”。
in spite of 尽管。偏重指不受某种客观情况的阻挠，相当于despite。
The club welcomes all new members regardless of age.
俱乐部对所有新成员不分年龄一律欢迎。
We went out in spite of/despite the rain.
尽管下着雨，我们还是出去了。
完成句子
①He failed to lift the rock________(虽然)all his efforts.
②I shall go________(不管)whether they agree or not.
【答案】　①in spite of　②regardless of
10．end up最终成为；最终处于
I ended up returni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng to the train station and spending the rest of the day in the waiting room.(P19) 最终我回到火车站，在候车室度过了当天余下的时光。
At first he ref ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )used to accept any responsibility but he ended up apologizing.
开始他拒绝承担任何责任，但最终还是道歉了。
end up with/end up in/end up as
end up with 意为“以……结束/告终”，侧重指最后的事情，即with后的名词是事情发展的最后一部分。
end up in 意为“结果是……，最终是……”，表示在……中结束，in后的名词是指事情发展的结果。
end up as 意为“作为……而结束”，其后跟身份、职务等名词，侧重指“最终成为……”。
If he carries ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on driving like this，he will end up in hospital.如果他继续像这样开车，总有一天会躺在医院里的。
He tried several diff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erent jobs，and he ended up as a lawyer.他尝试了几种不同的工作，最后当了一名律师。
The festival ended up with fireworks.
节日最后以燃放烟花作为结束。
完成句子
①你要是继续行窃，终归得进监狱。
If you continue to steal，you'll ________.
②那位老板最后在一次车祸中丧命。
The boss ________ in a car accident.
③聚会最后在一首歌中结束。
The party ________.
④如果你不少吃一些，你最终会使自己看起来像一条鲸鱼！
If yo don't eat less，you'll ________ a whale!
【答案】　①end up in priso ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n　②ended up dead　③ended up with a song　④end up looking like
11．rely on 依靠；依赖；指望
Friendship means having someone I can rely on.(P19)友谊意味着有我可以依靠的人。
As babies，we rely entirely on others for food.
在婴儿时期，我们完全依赖别人喂食。
Don't rely on my seeing you off.
别指望我为你送行。
①rely on/upon sb.for help/one's own efforts依靠某人的帮助/自己的努力
rely on/upon sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事
rely on/upon it that...相信……(事情)
②depend on/upon...依靠；依赖
③count on/upon...指望
That young woman is not to be relied upon.
那个年轻女人不可靠。
You may rely on it that he will come to see you.
你放心好了，他会来看你的。
Generally speaking，