中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023中考英语考前最后读记练10被动语态
【考前技巧】被动语态
定义：英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态主语是谓语动作的承受者，其构成为“be＋过去分词”。
例如：They will widen the road.（主动）
The road will be widened.（被动）
1、被动语态各种时态形式表
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are asked am/is/are being asked has/have been asked
过去 was/were asked was/were being asked had been asked
将来 shall/will asked shall/will have been asked
过去将来 shall/would be asked shall/would have been asked
2、情态动词的被动语态
一般式：情态动词（can，could，may，might，must，should，need等）+be+过去分词
完成式：情态动词（can，could，may，might，must，should，need等）+have+been+过去分词
例句：This can be done by hand.这可以手工做。
This mustn't be neglected.这一点不可忽视。
be going to等不定式结构的被动形式
这类不定式结构的被动形式为：
be going to /ought to/ be to /be bound to/ be sure to/be certain to/ be due to /be about to have/has to had to+be+过去分词
例句：The patient ought to be operated on at once.这病人应当立即动手术。
The flowers ought to be watered every other day.这些花应隔天浇一次水。
使用被动语态的注意点
1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态
appear，rise，die，happen，occur，lie，depart等都属此类动词。
例如：Many accidents occur in the home.许多事故都发生在家中。
表示某种状态或情况，有“拥有、容纳、适合、缺少明白”等意，这类动词不能用于被动语态。
常见的有：lack，fit，med hold,have,resemble,cost,equal,contain,suit,comprise,become,last,possess,benefit befit，suffice，suffer，befall降临，fail，consist of，look like，fell like，belong to等。
例如She was having a bath.她在洗澡。
注意：
①当have作“吃，接收，经历，度过”解时，虽用作行为动词，但一般不用于被动语态。
例如，The children had a most enjoyable holiday.（正）
A most enjoyable holiday was had by the children.（误）
但当have作“得到，获得，欺骗”解，或同某些介词、副词结合构成及物性短语动词时，可用于被动语态。
例如：She has been had in the dealing/over the bargain.
她在那项交易/买卖中受骗了。
②become of不可用于被动语态。
③catch表示“挂住，夹住，钩住”时不可用于被动语态，但可以说get caught。
④add up to（合计达，总起来说）不可用于被动语态。
3、某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义
常见的这类词有：bake，owe，brew，cook，print，bind，do，make等。
例如：The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。
The cakes are baking.蛋糕在烘。
4、不及物动词构成的短语动词能否用于被动语态
①及物动词构成的短语动词总是及物性的，故可以用于被动语态（注意不可省掉或漏掉介词或副词），如win over，give up，ask for，make mention of 等。但是，不及物动词构成的短语可以是及物性的，也可以是不及物性的，不及物性的短语动词不可用于被动语态，如 look up，look down等
例句：Things are looking up.（正）
Things are being looked up.（误）
情况看来有好转。
②不及物动词构成的及物性短语动词则可以用于被动语态，如：The problem has been gone into等
③pay attention to，take care of 等动词短语可以有两种被动语态形式。
例如：The situation has been paid attention to.
Attentions have been paid to the situation.
④可用于被动语态的常用动词短语
listen to 听从，live in 住其中，agree on/to 同意，sleep in睡其中，insist on坚持，pay for付……的钱，talk of 谈到，laugh at 嘲笑，speak to 同……·说话，look after 照看，frown on/at /upon不赞成，look for寻找，look（sb.）up and down上下打量（某人），take no notice of不注意，make a fool of 捉弄，set fire to 放火烧，look up to 尊敬，look upon as把……看作，look upon看待，look forward to期待，等。
注意：
①speak for表示“订购，预订”时可用于被动语态，用于 speak for itself/themselves表示“不言喻，不辩自明”时，不可用于被动语态。
例如：The fact speaks for itself.（正）
Itself is spoken for by the fact.（误）
这一事实不言自明。
②care for表示“喜欢，想要”时不用于被动语态，表示“照顾”时，可用于被动语态。
例如：I don't care for that color.（正）
That color isn't cared for by me.（误）
我不喜欢那种颜色。
5、不可用于被动语态的常用动词短语
take place，aim for，agree with，admit of（有……的余地），adjust to，come to（涉及），become of（结果是），accord with，abound in，consist of，get to（到达），walk into（走进），get back，face out（坚持到底），answer back（顶嘴），have on（穿上），turn out（结果是，证实），run out（结束，用光，耗尽），give out（用光），break out（爆发），set sail for，give way to（让位于），have a hand in（插手），give place to ，keep up with，reach等。
主动形式表被动
①感官动词或系动词加形容词，如：look，smell，taste，eel，prove，wear，sound等.
②某些行为动词后加副词,如：wash，write，sell，read，open, cut, lock, peel, pack, play, shut, spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron, keep，photograph等
③want，deserve，need，require，repay，stand，take，won't bear和worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。若动名词与句中的主语有动宾关系，动名词是不及物的，应加适当的介词。
例如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
This point deserves mentioning.这一点值得提到。
祈使句的被动语态
肯定祈使句的被动语态结构为：let十宾语十be十过去分词；
否定祈使句的被动结构为：Don't let+宾语＋be＋过去分词=Let＋宾语＋not＋be＋过去分词。例如：Let us do it at once.
Let it be done at once.
8、不定式符号 to在被动语态中不可省
在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不带 to，但在被动语态中要带 to。
例如：I saw her pass by the window.
She was seen to pass by the window.
9、被动语态的转移问题
v+sb.+to do sth.是一种复合宾语结构，表示“请求（ask，expect），禁止（don't mean，don't intend）”。这种结构可以转换为多种被动句，可以把逻辑主语 sb.变为句子主语，也可以把宾语sth.变为句子主语，还可以把sth.变为句子的宾语，后用不定式被动式，构成双重被动结构。
例如：They asked us to discuss the proposal at once.
We are asked to discuss the proposal at once.
The proposal is asked to be discussed at once.（双重被动）
They asked the proposal to be discussed at once.
【考前预测】被动语态
1．（2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）It’s said that tea _________ for the first time about 5,000 years ago.
A．drinks B．drank C．is drunk D．was drunk
1．D
【解析】
句意：据说，茶在大约五千年前第一次被饮用。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据“about 5,000 years ago”可知在五千年前，句子应用一般过去时。主语tea“茶”与动词drink“饮用”存在逻辑上的被动语态，即句子应用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为：was/were+过去分词。tea为不可数名词，be动词应用was。故选D。
2．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）Some new schools ________ in our city next year.
A．are built B．were built C．will build D．will be built
2．D
【解析】
句意：明年，一些新学校将会被建在我们的城市里。
考查一般将来时的被动语态。句子的主语Some new schools和谓语动词build之间是被动关系，再结合“next year”可知该句应用一般将来时的被动语态，其结构为：will be built。故选D。
3．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The world’s largest astronomy(天文学) museum ________ on July 18th, 2021 in Shanghai.
A．built B．is built C．was built
3．C
【解析】
句意：世界上最大的天文博物馆于2021年7月18日在上海建成。
考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“on July 18th, 2021”可知，本句是一般过去时，可排除B选项；主语“The world’s largest astronomy(天文学) museum”和动词“建造”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选C。
4．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）A speech on robots ________ in the school hall next Friday afternoon.
A．is given B．will be given
C．was given D．has been given
4．B
【解析】
句意：下星期五下午将在学校礼堂举行一场关于机器人的演讲。
is given一般现在时的被动语态；will be given一般将来时的被动语态；was given一般过去时的被动语态；has been given现在完成时的被动语态。根据时间状语“next Friday afternoon”下周五下午，可确定句子时态为一般将来时态；主语A speech on robots和动词give是被动关系，故句子的语态为一般将来时态的被动语态，其结构是：will be +动词的过去分词。故选B。
5．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park.
A．was taken B．takes C．is taken D．took
5．A
【解析】
句意：这是一段很长的时间！我不记得这张照片是什么时候在金山公园拍的。
考查语态。句子主语“this picture”与动词take之间是被动关系，此处用被动语态，结合语境可知，拍照发生在过去，故用一般过去时的被动语态，故选A。
6．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）It’s said that tea __________ by accident about five thousand years ago.
A．was invented B．is invented C．will be invented D．were invented
6．A
【解析】
句意：据说茶是大约5000年前偶然发明的。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知tea和invent之间是被动关系，根据“five thousand years ago.”可知句子应用一般过去时的被动语态：was/were+done，且tea是不可数名词，be动词应用was，故选A。
7．（2022·广西·中考真题）Chinese _________ by more and more people in the world.
A．speak B．speaks C．is speaking D．is spoken
7．D
【解析】
句意：世界上讲汉语的人越来越多。
考查语态。句子主语Chinese与动词speak之间是被动关系，此处应用被动语态，故选D。
8．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Nanjing Road is very crowded these days.
—The workers ________ it. It is said that it ________ soon.
A．repair；finishes B．have repaired；will finish C．are repairing；will be finished
8．C
【解析】
句意：——南京路这几天很拥挤。——工人们正在修路。据说很快就完工了。
考查动词时态。根据“Nanjing Road is very crowded these days”可知，工人这些天正在修理，用现在进行时表示某一阶段正在进行的动作。根据“soon”可知，第二空应填一般将来时，主语it与动词finish之间是被动关系，故第二空用一般将来时被动语态，故选C。
9．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）A new supermarket ________ on Center Street next year.
A．was built B．will be built C．is built
9．B
【解析】
句意：明年将在中心街新建一家超市。
考查动词时态。根据“next year.”可知，本句是一般将来时，此处用一般将来时的被动语态。故选B。
10．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— People ________ to take their temperatures before they go into the supermarket during the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情).
— I think it’s a good way to protect ourselves.
A．are asking B．are asked C．asked D．ask
10．B
【解析】
句意：——在新冠肺炎病毒大流行期间，人们在进入超市前被要求测量体温。——我认为这是一个保护我们自己的好方法。
考查被动语态。主语people与动词ask之间是被动关系，表示被要求测体温，故此处用被动语态be done的结构，故选B。
11．（2022·北京·中考真题）On our farm, the tea leaves ________ by hand when they are ready.
A．pick B．picked C．are picked D．were picked
11．C
【解析】
句意：在我们的农场，茶叶成熟时都是手工采摘的。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语“the tea leaves”是动作“pick”的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态。故选C。
12．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）I ________ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me
A．have attacked B．was attacked C．was attacking D．am attacked
12．B
【解析】
句意：前几天我在回家的路上被外星人袭击了。 你相信我吗？
考查一般过去时的被动语态。根据时间状语“the other day”可知，本句是一般过去时；再根据“by aliens”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态(was/were done)。故选B。
13．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing.
A．hold B．held C．is held D．was held
13．D
【解析】
句意：第24届冬奥会于2022年2月在北京举行。
考查一般过去时被动语态。根据“in February, 2022”可知，此句是一般过去时，主语与动词hold之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选D。
14．（2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）Five more clubs ________ next week to make our school life rich and colorful.
A．set up B．are set up C．will be set up D．were set up
14．C
【解析】句意：为了使我们的学校生活丰富多彩，下周还将成立五个社团。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“next week ”可知句子是一般将来时，且主语和动词之间是被动关系，应用一般将来时的被动语态，故选C。
15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Chinese astronauts ________ as heroes. We all look up to them.
A．are regarded B．regard C．regarded
15．A
【解析】句意：中国宇航员被视为英雄。我们都尊敬他们。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。主语是动作的承受者，时态是一般现在时，所以用一般现在时的被动语态，结构为am/is/are done。故选A。
16．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mum, could I watch the movie The Battle at Changjin Lake tonight
—Of course, if your homework ______.
A．finishes B．finished C．was finished D．is finished
16．D
【解析】句意：——妈妈，今晚我可以看电影《长津湖》吗？——当然，如果你的作业完成了。
考查一般现在时的被动语态。“if”表示“如果”时遵循“主将从现”，即主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，空格处在从句位置，用一般现在时，故排除B和C项；“homework”和“finish”是动宾关系，用被动语态。故选D。
17．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）I am happy I ________ to be the monitor of our class by my classmates.
A．choose B．chose C．was chosen
17．C
【解析】句意：我很高兴我被同学们选为班长。
考查被动语态。主语I和动词choose之间是被动关系，应用被动语态：be done，故选C。
18．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）The Forbidden City (紫禁城), the largest palace in the world, ________ more than 600 years ago.
A．built B．were built C．was built up D．was building
18．C
【解析】句意：紫禁城是世界上最大的宫殿，建于600多年前。
考查动词时态和语态。主语和动词之间是被动关系，且“600 years ago”是一般过去时的标志，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态(be done)。主语是单数，be动词用was，故选C。
19．（2022·海南·中考真题）Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ by Miss Chen.
A．explained B．was explained C．was explaining
19．B
【解析】句意：在陈老师解释之前，有很少学生能理解这个句子。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“could understand”可知句子时态是一般过去时，分析句子主语it和动词explain可知，它们是被动关系，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故选B。
20．（2022·广西贺州·中考真题）After the boy’s homework ________, he went out to play.
A．finished B．finishes C．was finished D．is finished
20．C
【解析】句意：男孩做完作业，就出去玩了。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“the boy’s homework”和谓语“finish完成”之间是被动关系，根据“he went out to play”可知用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选C。
21．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ________ in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A．set up B．was set up C．took up D．was taken up
21．B
【解析】
句意：联合国儿童基金会，是联合国的一部分，二战后于1946年在欧洲成立。
考查一般过去时的被动语态和动词短语。set up建立；take up占据，占用。根据“in Europe in 1946 after World War II”可知这是联合国儿童基金会的成立时间，因此动词短语应用set up来表示“成立”，且句子应用一般过去时。主语为UNICEF，与动词set up存在逻辑上的被动关系，因此应用被动语态，其结构为：was/were+过去分词。故选B。
22．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）— The Law on Family Education Promotion (家庭教育促进法) _________ on Oct. 23, 2021.
— Yeah! It came into effect (生效) on Jan. 1, 2022.
A．passes B．was passed C．passed D．pass
22．B
【解析】
句意：——2021年10月23日通过《家庭教育促进法》。——是的！它于2022年1月1日生效。
考查动词时态和语态。根据“on Oct. 23, 2021.”可知，本句是一般过去时，可排除AD选项；且主语“The Law on Family Education Promotion”和动词“pass”之间是被动关系，需用被动语态(be done)。故选B。
23．（2022·福建·中考真题）Last month, the little girl ________ well enough by the neighbors while her parents were volunteering.
A．is cared for B．was cared for C．will be cared for
23．B
【解析】
句意：上个月，小女孩的父母在做志愿者时，邻居们把她照顾得很好。
考查被动语态。根据“last month”可知，此句用一般过去时，主语little girl与动词care for之间是被动关系，故此处用一般过去时被动语态was/were done的结构，故选B。
24．（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题）With double reduction policy (双减政策), students ________ less homework now so that they have enough time to take part in more activities.
A．will give B．were given C．are given
24．C
【解析】
句意：在双减政策下，学生的家庭作业减少了，这样他们就有足够的时间参加更多的活动。
考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“have”可知，此句用一般现在时，主语students与动词give是被动关系，故此处用一般现在时am/is/are done的结构，故选C。
25．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—Many DIY cards ________ to mothers on Mother’s Day every year.
—How creative!
A．is sending B．are sending C．is sent D．are sent
25．D
【解析】
句意：——每年母亲节都会给妈妈们寄很多DIY卡片。——多么有创意！
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“Many DIY cards”和谓语“send”之间是被动关系，用被动语态be done，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选D。
26．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road ________ last year.
A．built B．was built C．has built D．was building
26．B
【解析】
句意：紫霄路上的青少年体育中心是去年建成的。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语“The Youth Sports Center”是动作的承受者，结合“last year”可知，此处是一般过去时的被动语态。故选B。
27．（2022·河北·中考真题）—Mmm…Delicious. What is it
—It ________ zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China.
A．calls B．is called C．called D．was called
27．B
【解析】句意：——嗯……好吃。这是什么？——它叫粽子，托尼。这是中国的传统食物。
考查被动语态。根据“What is it ”可知，此处回答使用一般现在时，It指代询问的这个东西，与动词call之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，It为单数，结构为is done。故选B。
28．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A．is found B．has been found C．will be found D．could be found
28．D
【解析】句意：在唐朝，在长安的街道上几乎可以找到世界上所有的东西。
考查时态和语态。主语“nearly everything produced in the world”与动词find之间是动宾关系，此处表示能够被找到，结合“During the Tang dynasty”可知用过去式could表示“能够”，此处是含情态动词的被动语态，用could be found。故选D。
29．（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）The Communist Party of China’s 20th National Congress (中共二十大) _______ in autumn this year.
A．was held B．is held C．will be held
29．C
【解析】句意：今年秋季，中共二十大将举行。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“in autumn this year”可知是将来的时间，句子是一般将来时。主语“The Communist Party of China’s 20th National Congress”和动词“举行”之间是被动关系，表达“将被举行”，动词用“will be held”。故选C。
30．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）—Waiter, a glass of apple juice, please.
—Sorry. Apple juice ________ only at breakfast.
A．serves B．is served C．is serving
30．B
【解析】句意：——服务员，请给我一杯苹果汁。——抱歉。苹果汁只在早餐时供应。
考查一般现在时被动语态。根据“Apple juice...only at breakfast.”可知，表示苹果汁只在早餐时供应；主语“apple juice”与动词“serve”之间是被动关系，故此处应用被动语态“be done”的结构，故选B。
31．（2022·天津·中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected
31．C
【解析】句意：每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。
32．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests.
A．organizes B．organized C．was organized D．will be organized
32．C
【解析】句意：——我听说你上周日参加了森林清理活动。——是的。我们学校的环保俱乐部组织了这次活动来保护森林。
考查动词的时态和语态。根据“last Sunday”可知是过去的事，是一般过去时。主语“it”指的是“a forest clean-up activity”，和动词之间是被动关系，表达“被组织”用一般过去时的被动结构“was organized”。故选C。
33．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）Tea _______ by accident about 5000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented C．is invented
33．B
【解析】句意：茶是大约5000年前偶然发明的。
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据“5000 years ago”可知，此题时态为一般过去时，又因为“Tea”和动词“invent”之间是被动的关系，故此题应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were done，故选B。
34．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it ________ to places across the world every day.
A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．will be sent
34．C
【解析】句意：云南的茶叶非常有名，每天都被送到世界各地。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语it和谓语send“发送”之间是被动关系，根据“every day”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态am/is/are done。故选C。
35．（2022·甘肃平凉·中考真题）Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented C．invent D．is invented
35．B
【解析】句意：纸是在2000多年前的中国古代发明的。
考查一般过去时态的被动语态。根据“2,000 years ago”可知，此题时态为一般过去时；又因为“paper”和动词“invent”之间是被动的关系，故此题应该用一般过去时态的被动语态，结构为was/were+过去分词，主语paper为第三人称单数，助动词用was。故选B。
36．（2022·江西·中考真题）Mr. Smith created a new game. Soon all his students ________ rules to play it.
A．teach B．taught C．are taught D．were taught
36．D
【解析】句意：史密斯先生创造了一个新游戏。很快，他所有的学生都学会了玩围棋的规则。
考查时态和语态。主语“all his students”是被教规则，与动词teach之间是动宾关系，结合“created”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。故选D。
37．（2022·重庆·中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift for him last week.
A．buys B．is bought C．bought D．was bought
37．D
【解析】句意：他的吉他是上周买给他的礼物。
考查时态和语态。主语“His guitar”与动词buy之间是动宾关系，结合“last week”可知用一般过去时的被动语态，其结构为was/were done。故选D。
38．（2022·四川成都·中考真题）Some groups _______ prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of the CYLC（共青团中央）.
A．were given B．were giving C．will be given
38．A
【解析】句意：2022年4月15日，部分团体被共青团中央颁奖。
考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“Some groups”和谓语“give给”之间是被动关系，根据“on April 15, 2022”可知用一般过去时的被动语态was/were done。故选A。
39．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Last year, a new old people’s home ________ in our community.
A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built
39．D
【解析】句意：去年，我们社区建了一座新的养老院。
考查一般过去时的被动语态。主语是动作的承受者，时态“Last year”是一般过去时，所以用一般过去时的被动语态。故选D。
40．（2022·四川遂宁·中考真题）—More and more high-technology products ________ in China.
—Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．is making B．are making C．is made D．are made
40．D
【解析】句意：——越来越多的高科技产品是中国制造的。 ——是的。我们的国家越来越强大。
考查一般现在时被动语态。主语products与动词make之间是被动关系，故此处应用被动语态，主语是复数形式，助动词用are，故选D。
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21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
2023中考英语考前最后读记练10被动语态
【考前技巧】被动语态
定义：英语有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是谓语动作的执行者，被动语态主语是谓语动作的承受者，其构成为“be＋过去分词”。
例如：They will widen the road.（主动）
The road will be widened.（被动）
1、被动语态各种时态形式表
一般时态 进行时态 完成时态
现在 am/is/are asked am/is/are being asked has/have been asked
过去 was/were asked was/were being asked had been asked
将来 shall/will asked shall/will have been asked
过去将来 shall/would be asked shall/would have been asked
2、情态动词的被动语态
一般式：情态动词（can，could，may，might，must，should，need等）+be+过去分词
完成式：情态动词（can，could，may，might，must，should，need等）+have+been+过去分词
例句：This can be done by hand.这可以手工做。
This mustn't be neglected.这一点不可忽视。
be going to等不定式结构的被动形式
这类不定式结构的被动形式为：
be going to /ought to/ be to /be bound to/ be sure to/be certain to/ be due to /be about to have/has to had to+be+过去分词
例句：The patient ought to be operated on at once.这病人应当立即动手术。
The flowers ought to be watered every other day.这些花应隔天浇一次水。
使用被动语态的注意点
1、不及物动词不能用于被动语态
appear，rise，die，happen，occur，lie，depart等都属此类动词。
例如：Many accidents occur in the home.许多事故都发生在家中。
表示某种状态或情况，有“拥有、容纳、适合、缺少明白”等意，这类动词不能用于被动语态。
常见的有：lack，fit，med hold,have,resemble,cost,equal,contain,suit,comprise,become,last,possess,benefit befit，suffice，suffer，befall降临，fail，consist of，look like，fell like，belong to等。
例如She was having a bath.她在洗澡。
注意：
①当have作“吃，接收，经历，度过”解时，虽用作行为动词，但一般不用于被动语态。
例如，The children had a most enjoyable holiday.（正）
A most enjoyable holiday was had by the children.（误）
但当have作“得到，获得，欺骗”解，或同某些介词、副词结合构成及物性短语动词时，可用于被动语态。
例如：She has been had in the dealing/over the bargain.
她在那项交易/买卖中受骗了。
②become of不可用于被动语态。
③catch表示“挂住，夹住，钩住”时不可用于被动语态，但可以说get caught。
④add up to（合计达，总起来说）不可用于被动语态。
3、某些动词的进行时也可表示被动意义
常见的这类词有：bake，owe，brew，cook，print，bind，do，make等。
例如：The meat is cooking.肉在煮着。
The cakes are baking.蛋糕在烘。
4、不及物动词构成的短语动词能否用于被动语态
①及物动词构成的短语动词总是及物性的，故可以用于被动语态（注意不可省掉或漏掉介词或副词），如win over，give up，ask for，make mention of 等。但是，不及物动词构成的短语可以是及物性的，也可以是不及物性的，不及物性的短语动词不可用于被动语态，如 look up，look down等
例句：Things are looking up.（正）
Things are being looked up.（误）
情况看来有好转。
②不及物动词构成的及物性短语动词则可以用于被动语态，如：The problem has been gone into等
③pay attention to，take care of 等动词短语可以有两种被动语态形式。
例如：The situation has been paid attention to.
Attentions have been paid to the situation.
④可用于被动语态的常用动词短语
listen to 听从，live in 住其中，agree on/to 同意，sleep in睡其中，insist on坚持，pay for付……的钱，talk of 谈到，laugh at 嘲笑，speak to 同……·说话，look after 照看，frown on/at /upon不赞成，look for寻找，look（sb.）up and down上下打量（某人），take no notice of不注意，make a fool of 捉弄，set fire to 放火烧，look up to 尊敬，look upon as把……看作，look upon看待，look forward to期待，等。
注意：
①speak for表示“订购，预订”时可用于被动语态，用于 speak for itself/themselves表示“不言喻，不辩自明”时，不可用于被动语态。
例如：The fact speaks for itself.（正）
Itself is spoken for by the fact.（误）
这一事实不言自明。
②care for表示“喜欢，想要”时不用于被动语态，表示“照顾”时，可用于被动语态。
例如：I don't care for that color.（正）
That color isn't cared for by me.（误）
我不喜欢那种颜色。
5、不可用于被动语态的常用动词短语
take place，aim for，agree with，admit of（有……的余地），adjust to，come to（涉及），become of（结果是），accord with，abound in，consist of，get to（到达），walk into（走进），get back，face out（坚持到底），answer back（顶嘴），have on（穿上），turn out（结果是，证实），run out（结束，用光，耗尽），give out（用光），break out（爆发），set sail for，give way to（让位于），have a hand in（插手），give place to ，keep up with，reach等。
主动形式表被动
①感官动词或系动词加形容词，如：look，smell，taste，eel，prove，wear，sound等.
②某些行为动词后加副词,如：wash，write，sell，read，open, cut, lock, peel, pack, play, shut, spot,split,strike,record,act,clean,draw,iron, keep，photograph等
③want，deserve，need，require，repay，stand，take，won't bear和worth等词的后面可以用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。若动名词与句中的主语有动宾关系，动名词是不及物的，应加适当的介词。
例如：The book is worth reading.这本书值得一读。
This point deserves mentioning.这一点值得提到。
祈使句的被动语态
肯定祈使句的被动语态结构为：let十宾语十be十过去分词；
否定祈使句的被动结构为：Don't let+宾语＋be＋过去分词=Let＋宾语＋not＋be＋过去分词。例如：Let us do it at once.
Let it be done at once.
8、不定式符号 to在被动语态中不可省
在主动语态中，如果感官动词和使役动词后的宾语补足语是动词，这个动词前往往不带 to，但在被动语态中要带 to。
例如：I saw her pass by the window.
She was seen to pass by the window.
9、被动语态的转移问题
v+sb.+to do sth.是一种复合宾语结构，表示“请求（ask，expect），禁止（don't mean，don't intend）”。这种结构可以转换为多种被动句，可以把逻辑主语 sb.变为句子主语，也可以把宾语sth.变为句子主语，还可以把sth.变为句子的宾语，后用不定式被动式，构成双重被动结构。
例如：They asked us to discuss the proposal at once.
We are asked to discuss the proposal at once.
The proposal is asked to be discussed at once.（双重被动）
They asked the proposal to be discussed at once.
【考前预测】被动语态
1．（2022·辽宁盘锦·中考真题）It’s said that tea _________ for the first time about 5,000 years ago.
A．drinks B．drank C．is drunk D．was drunk
2．（2022·广西河池·中考真题）Some new schools ________ in our city next year.
A．are built B．were built C．will build D．will be built
3．（2022·黑龙江牡丹江·中考真题）The world’s largest astronomy(天文学) museum ________ on July 18th, 2021 in Shanghai.
A．built B．is built C．was built
4．（2022·辽宁营口·中考真题）A speech on robots ________ in the school hall next Friday afternoon.
A．is given B．will be given
C．was given D．has been given
5．（2022·江苏镇江·中考真题）It’s a long time! I can’t remember when this picture _______ in Jinshan Park.
A．was taken B．takes C．is taken D．took
6．（2022·辽宁朝阳·中考真题）It’s said that tea __________ by accident about five thousand years ago.
A．was invented B．is invented C．will be invented D．were invented
7．（2022·广西·中考真题）Chinese _________ by more and more people in the world.
A．speak B．speaks C．is speaking D．is spoken
8．（2022·山东菏泽·中考真题）—Nanjing Road is very crowded these days.
—The workers ________ it. It is said that it ________ soon.
A．repair；finishes B．have repaired；will finish C．are repairing；will be finished
9．（2022·湖南郴州·中考真题）A new supermarket ________ on Center Street next year.
A．was built B．will be built C．is built
10．（2022·广西贵港·中考真题）— People ________ to take their temperatures before they go into the supermarket during the COVID-19 pandemic (新冠疫情).
— I think it’s a good way to protect ourselves.
A．are asking B．are asked C．asked D．ask
11．（2022·北京·中考真题）On our farm, the tea leaves ________ by hand when they are ready.
A．pick B．picked C．are picked D．were picked
12．（2022·江苏徐州·中考真题）I ________ by aliens on my way home the other day. Do you believe me
A．have attacked B．was attacked C．was attacking D．am attacked
13．（2022·四川雅安·中考真题）The 24th Winter Olympic Games ________ in February, 2022, Beijing.
A．hold B．held C．is held D．was held
14．（2022·辽宁辽宁·中考真题）Five more clubs ________ next week to make our school life rich and colorful.
A．set up B．are set up C．will be set up D．were set up
15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·中考真题）Chinese astronauts ________ as heroes. We all look up to them.
A．are regarded B．regard C．regarded
16．（2022·贵州铜仁·中考真题）—Mum, could I watch the movie The Battle at Changjin Lake tonight
—Of course, if your homework ______.
A．finishes B．finished C．was finished D．is finished
17．（2022·黑龙江·中考真题）I am happy I ________ to be the monitor of our class by my classmates.
A．choose B．chose C．was chosen
18．（2022·贵州毕节·中考真题）The Forbidden City (紫禁城), the largest palace in the world, ________ more than 600 years ago.
A．built B．were built C．was built up D．was building
19．（2022·海南·中考真题）Few students could understand the sentence until it ________ by Miss Chen.
A．explained B．was explained C．was explaining
20．（2022·广西贺州·中考真题）After the boy’s homework ________, he went out to play.
A．finished B．finishes C．was finished D．is finished
21．（2022·江苏无锡·中考真题）UNICEF, part of the United Nations, ________ in Europe in 1946 after World War II.
A．set up B．was set up C．took up D．was taken up
22．（2022·湖北鄂州·中考真题）— The Law on Family Education Promotion (家庭教育促进法) _________ on Oct. 23, 2021.
— Yeah! It came into effect (生效) on Jan. 1, 2022.
A．passes B．was passed C．passed D．pass
23．（2022·福建·中考真题）Last month, the little girl ________ well enough by the neighbors while her parents were volunteering.
A．is cared for B．was cared for C．will be cared for
24．（2022·四川·凉山彝族自治州教育科学研究所中考真题）With double reduction policy (双减政策), students ________ less homework now so that they have enough time to take part in more activities.
A．will give B．were given C．are given
25．（2022·湖北湖北·中考真题）—Many DIY cards ________ to mothers on Mother’s Day every year.
—How creative!
A．is sending B．are sending C．is sent D．are sent
26．（2022·湖北十堰·中考真题）The Youth Sports Center on Zixiao Road ________ last year.
A．built B．was built C．has built D．was building
27．（2022·河北·中考真题）—Mmm…Delicious. What is it
—It ________ zongzi, Tony. It’s a traditional food in China.
A．calls B．is called C．called D．was called
28．（2022·湖北武汉·中考真题）During the Tang dynasty (唐朝), nearly everything produced in the world ________ on the streets of Chang’an.
A．is found B．has been found C．will be found D．could be found
29．（2022·湖南岳阳·中考真题）The Communist Party of China’s 20th National Congress (中共二十大) _______ in autumn this year.
A．was held B．is held C．will be held
30．（2022·四川·乐山市教育科学研究所中考真题）—Waiter, a glass of apple juice, please.
—Sorry. Apple juice ________ only at breakfast.
A．serves B．is served C．is serving
31．（2022·天津·中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year.
A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected
32．（2022·江苏扬州·中考真题）—I hear that you took part in a forest clean-up activity last Sunday.
—Yes, it ________ by our school green club to protect forests.
A．organizes B．organized C．was organized D．will be organized
33．（2022·湖南怀化·中考真题）Tea _______ by accident about 5000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented C．is invented
34．（2022·云南昆明·中考真题）The tea in Yunnan is so famous that it ________ to places across the world every day.
A．sends B．sent C．is sent D．will be sent
35．（2022·甘肃平凉·中考真题）Paper ________ in ancient China more than 2,000 years ago.
A．invented B．was invented C．invent D．is invented
36．（2022·江西·中考真题）Mr. Smith created a new game. Soon all his students ________ rules to play it.
A．teach B．taught C．are taught D．were taught
37．（2022·重庆·中考真题）His guitar ________ as a gift for him last week.
A．buys B．is bought C．bought D．was bought
38．（2022·四川成都·中考真题）Some groups _______ prizes on April 15, 2022 by the Central Committee of the CYLC（共青团中央）.
A．were given B．were giving C．will be given
39．（2022·重庆·中考真题）Last year, a new old people’s home ________ in our community.
A．builds B．built C．is built D．was built
40．（2022·四川遂宁·中考真题）—More and more high-technology products ________ in China.
—Yes. Our country is becoming stronger and stronger.
A．is making B．are making C．is made D．are made
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