【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版选修七教师用书Unit 1 Living with technology

【美文阅读】　
My vision of technology in the future
科技日新月异，不断推动着人类社会的进步。未来人们学习、工作等方面又会是什么样呢？
Technology will advance in the future, which will result in useful tools for schools and offices.Individuals will make use of the new changes in their own homes and in their personal lives, making their tasks easier in many ways.
Most students will one day carry laptops (笔记本电脑) instead of notebooks when going to school.Text books will be online. Students will take notes and do many assignments on computers and use online research tools at a young age. However, teachers will continue to be trained to understand that every student has a unique learning style. Some students will learn well while using technology but traditional methods will need to be continued in order to reach all learners.Although the tools for instruction may change, the basic way humans learn to read and process information remains the same.
Many youths do not know a world without technology. When they reach the workplace, they will be used to using much technical equipment in their daily lives. Touch－screen computers will become commonplace in desk jobs, in restaurants, when checking in at the doctor, and in other customer－related situations.
Jobs in factories will change as computerized methods of measuring and checking finished products will end the need for many human inspectors (检查员)．There will be even more automation (自动化) than today.
Farming will also continue to advance. Farmers will be able to calculate (计算) soil conditions for seed growth and use very accurate GPS to track seed placement to have good harvests. Increased automation in machinery for both seeding and harvest will make the process more efficient (效率高的)．
Computerized tools will warn construction workers of inaccuracies and guide them in the placement of building materials while processing digital blueprints (模板). This will make their work more accurate and efficient. Construction will also be more efficient as heating and cooling leaks (缝隙) are discovered by computers. Road repairs will also be finished more quickly and accurately as new ways are developed to discover the weaknesses and repair them in an efficient manner，so traffic is not affected. Better surface material will be discovered for roads that will be more resistant to heat and cold.
【诱思导学】　
1．Technology will play a more and more important role in our daily life in many ways. Do you think so?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．How many different areas are mentioned in the above passage? List them.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3．What's the author's attitude towards technology in the future?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.Yes.　2.Four. In schools, in workplaces, on farms, at the construction / building sites.　3.Favorable.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课就课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元的话题是“Living with technology”，具有很强的现实意义。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
利用精美的图片要求学生识别并辨认各种音像设备，引发学生对音像和声音设备进化史的好奇心，从而激发学生阅读的兴趣。
●教学流程设计
??　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
?师生共同讨论并统一答案。?
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Ⅰ.篇章结构
Early history of TV
·Many different people made 1.________to the development of TV.
·Most early TV broadcasts were made with the 2.________ of a system developed by John Logie Baird.
·Philo Farnsworth made important breakthroughs in the development of TV.
·John Logie Baird was the first to 3.________ colour TV in 1928.
The modern age
·4.________ TV began in 1962 by satellite.
·Satellites allow TV to be broadcast 5.________ over vast distances.
·Thanks to satellites，people living far away from cities have 6.________ to TV.
Early history of sound recorders
·Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice in 1877.
·In 1887 Emile Berliner invented a record player that used discs as 7.________ to tubes.
Sound and video recorders
·In 1928，the first tape recorders used for 8.________ sound were made in Germany.
·By the late 1970s，video recorders were introduced.
Sound and video go digital
·In 1982，the first CDs were made available.
·The DVD is now the 9.________ for recording and playing back video.
The future
We can't 10.________ what the future will bring because technology is changing faster than we can keep pace with.
【答案】　1.contributions　2.help　3.construct
4．Broadcasting　5.live　6.access　7.alternatives
8．copying　9.standard　10.foresee
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．Regular public broadcasting first began ________.
A．on 11 May 1928 in Washington and on 29 August 1929 in London
B．on 11 May 1928 in London and on 20 August 1929 in New York
C．on 11 May 1928 in New York and on 20 August 1929 in London
2．More colour TVs than black－and－white TVs were being used in ________.
A．1972　　　B．1938　　　C．1967
3．Who invented a record player that used discs as alternatives to tubes?
A．John Logic Baird
B．Thomas Edison
C．Emile Berliner
4．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．How to use TV, video and sound devices.
B．The evolution of video and sound devices.
C．The history of sound devices.
5．Which of the following statements is RIGHT according to the passage?
A．People without satellite dishes do not benefit at all from satellite TV.
B．New technology will soon make many of the things talked about in the passage out of date.
C．Colour TVs became popular within just a few years after invented.
【答案】　1.C　2.A　3.C　4.B　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
The first public TV 1.________ were made in the USA in 1925. Many people 2.________ to the development of TV.In 1928, John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV, but it was not until 1938 that the first colour TV programme was 3.________.Most people have benefited 4.________ satellite TV since satellites were used to broadcast TV in 1962.Satellites allow everyone to receive the same broadcast at the 5.________ time. The history of sound recorders began in 1877，6.________ Thomas Edison made the first recording of a human voice on his invention, the record player. It had to be 7.________ up by hand and only played records two minutes long. By the late 1960s, portable cassette players were 8.________，along with video recorders. With the development of 9.________ technology, sound and video can now be stored on a PC, on the Internet, or using some form of portable 10.________.
【答案】　1.broadcasts　2.contributed　3.broadcast
4．from　5.same　6.when　7.wound　8.developed
9．digital　10.storage
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．drawback　　　A．to make sth. happen at a later time
2．construct B．easy to reach, obtain or use
3．delay C．the process of changing sth. or a book or play changed for a new situation
4．accessible D．to know about sth. before it happens
5．distribute E．at last; in the end
6．eventually F．to spread sth. over an area
7．foresee G．having doubts
8．adaptation H．to build sth. such as a road, house, etc.
9．skeptical I．disadvantage or problem
【答案】　1.I　2.H　3.A　4.B　5.F　6.E　7.D　8.C　9.G
Ⅱ.短语填空

1．Would you please________the window________？ It's a bit cold when the car is moving.
2．It's convenient to use a mobile phone to____________your family and friends.
3．Many factors have ________________the development of the telecommunications in the past 30 years.
4．Millions of farmers have become rich, all ____________the Party's new policy.
5．However，________________Africa and China, there were some changes taking place.
6．Though trapped at home all day, he makes use of the Internet ________________the changes of the outside world.
7．The government is making every effort to ensure that all people ________________the new medical care whether they live in the urban or rural areas.
8．—There are still 30 minutes before the film starts.What shall we do?
—It ________ you to decide.
【答案】　1.wind；up　2.keep in touch with　3.contributed to　4.benefiting from　5.with the development of　6.to keep pace with　7.have access to　8.is up to
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928，but it_was_not_until_1938_that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.
1928年，约翰·洛吉·贝尔德制造出第一台彩色电视机，但是直到1938年才进行首次彩色电视节目播放。
2．It_took_more_than_two_decades，though，until 1951，for regular colour TV broadcasts to_begin in the USA.
然而，二十多年后，直到1951年，彩色电视节目才在美国定期播出。
3．Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances，with_everyone_receiving the same broadcast at the same time.
卫星可以长距离地现场直播电视节目，每个人在同一时间收到相同的节目。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．通过对本课文的理解，让学生初步了解各种音像设备的发展史，以提高学生的阅读和表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
“In this period, let's deal with some useful expressions in the passage.”开门见山，直入主题。
●教学流程设计
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1．keep in touch with与……保持联系
With mobile phones，we can keep in touch with others wherever we are.(教材P1)用移动电话，无论我们在哪儿，都可以和别人保持联系。
We keep in touch with each other though we live in the different cities.
尽管我们住在不同的城市，但我们仍然保持着联系。
be in touch with和……有联系
be out of touch with与……失去联系
get in touch with和……取得联系
lose touch with和……失去联系
　I don't want to lose touch with you.
我不想和你失去联系。
【提示】　keep/be in touch with/be out of touch with 表状态，可和表示时间段的状语连用，而get in touch with/lose touch with表示动作，不能和表示时间段的状语连用。
完成句子
①我正在设法和Jane取得联系。你知道她的电话号码吗？
I'm trying to ________________ Jane.Do you know her number?
②两年前他与他的前任英语老师失去了联系。
He ________________ his former English teacher for two years.
【答案】　①get in touch with　②has been out of touch with
单项填空
③—Well，Dick，I'm sorry，but I have to leave.
—________.I hope to hear from you soon.
A．Keep in touch　　　　　　　　　B．Enjoy yourself
C．Don't be so sad D．So am I
【解析】　句意：“好吧，狄克，很抱歉，我得走了。”“要保持联系，我希望不久能收到你的来信。”“Keep in touch.”是祈使句，意为“务必保持联系”，是道别时的常用语；B项“祝你玩得开心”，常用于对方度假、旅行时的祝愿语；C项“不要那么伤心”，用来安慰对方；D项“我也一样”。
【答案】　A
2．contribute to对……作出贡献；促成，有助于
Many different people contributed to the development of TV.(教材P2)许多不同的人为电视的发展作出了贡献。
Honesty and hard work contribute to success and happiness.诚实加苦干有助于成功和幸福。
①contribute...to...向……捐赠……；向……投稿
②contribution n．贡献；捐款；捐助；投稿
make a contribution/contributions to...对……作出贡献
　She continued to contribute articles to sports magazines.她继续为体育杂志撰稿。
Some public service advertisements mainly aim to make contributions to society.
一些公益广告的主要目的是为社会作贡献。
完成句子
①吸烟会导致肺癌吗？
Does smoking ________________lung cancer?
同义句转换
②He offered to contribute to the Red Cross.
He offered to__________________ the Red Cross.
【答案】　①contribute to　②make a contribution to
3．John Logie Baird constructed the first colour TV in 1928，but it_was_not_until_1938_that the first colour TV programme was broadcast.(教材P2)1928年，约翰·洛吉·贝尔德制造出第一台彩色电视机，但是直到1938年才进行首次彩色电视节目播放。
(1)construct 制造，修筑，建造
I spent 15 days learning how to construct a model spaceship.我花了15天的时间学习如何制造宇宙飞船的模型。
This team is constructing a bridge which is to be used next year.这个建筑队正在建造明年将要使用的桥。
construction n．建筑，建造；建筑物
under construction正在建造中
　
用所给词的适当形式填空
①The company will finance the ________ of a new community sports center and it will be ________ next month.(construct)
【答案】　construction；constructed
完成句子
②Another bridge is ________________(在建造中)over the Changjiang River.
【答案】　under construction/being constructed
(2)句中运用了not...until的强调句式：It is/was not until...that...
It was not until midnight that I could go to sleep.
我直到半夜才得以入睡。
It is not until you really lose something that you finally realize how important it means to you.有些东西，只有在你真正失去的时候才会感到它对你是如此重要。

　It is a professor from Nanjing Normal University that/who is going to give us a lecture.
一位来自南京师范大学的教授要给我们做报告。
Was it in Sydney that you saw some kangaroos?
你们是在悉尼看到袋鼠的吗？
When was it that you arrived at the airport?
你是什么时候到达机场的？
“not until＋时间状语(从句)”置于句首时，句子主句要用部分倒装。
Not until last week did they find the lost bike.
直到上个星期他们才找到失踪的自行车。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It was only after he had read the papers ________ Mr.Gross realized the task before him was extremely difficult to complete.
A．when B．that
C．which D．what
【解析】　句意：直到他读了文件之后，格罗斯先生才意识到他面前的任务非常难完成。本句为强调句型，强调状语only after he had read the papers。根据强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”可知选B。此外，我们也可以将It is/was与空格去掉来验证此句是不是一个强调句。
【答案】　B
句型转换
She was not able to go back to work until her child grew up.
?③________ her child grew up ________ she was able to go back to work.
?④________ her child grew up ________ able to go back to work.
【答案】　③It was not until；that　④Not until；was she
4．It_took_more_than_two_decades，though，until 1951，for regular colour TV broadcasts to_begin in the USA.(教材P2)然而，二十多年后，直到1951年，彩色电视节目才在美国定期播出。
It takes some time (for sb./sth.)to do sth.表示“做某事花费(……)多少时间”，可用“It takes(sb./sth.)some time to do sth.”替换。
It took me three days to repair the house.
修房子花了我三天的时间。
It took us a week to finish the work.
完成这项工作花了我们一个星期的时间。
“花费”相关句型荟萃：
take
pay
spend
cost：Sth.costs sb.some money.
　
选词填空：cost/pay/spend/take
①It ________ Jim two hours to walk to the station.
②I have to ________ 20 pounds for this room each month.
③I ________ two hours on this maths problem yesterday evening.
④How much does your pen ________？
【答案】　①took　②pay　③spent　④cost
单项填空
⑤Now more and more workers ________their free time trying to improve themselves at school or college.
A．take　　　　　　　　　　B．cost
C．spend D．pay
【解析】　spend some time (in) doing sth.花费时间做某事，其他选项构不成这个搭配。
【答案】　C
5．delay vi.&.vt.(使)推迟，延迟n.延误，延迟
Regular colour TV broadcasts were delayed in the UK until 1967.(教材P2)在英国定期播放彩色电视节目一直拖延到1967年。
He delayed telling her the news，waiting for the right moment.
他没有马上告诉她这个消息，等有适当的时机再说。
Please excuse my delay in replying.
请原谅我没有及时答复。
delay doing sth.推迟做某事
without delay毫不迟延地，立即
　【提示】　名词delay后可接in doing sth.，但不接of doing sth.或不定式。
完成句子
①正如谚语所说，时光飞逝不停留。
As the saying goes，time flies away________________.
②做事情拖拉是一个坏习惯。
It's a bad habit to________________things.
【答案】　①without delay　②delay doing
6．Satellites allow TV to be broadcast live over vast distances，with_everyone_receiving_the_same_broadcast at the same time.(教材P2)卫星可以长距离地现场直播电视节目，每个人在同一时间收到相同的节目。
with everyone receiving the same broadcast为with的复合结构，在句中作状语。
She felt nervous with the whole class staring at her.
由于全班都盯着她看，她感到紧张。
He becomes stronger and stronger with time going on.
时光流转，他变得越来越强壮。
with复合结构常在句中作定语或状语，其结构如下：
with＋宾语＋宾补
　A little boy with two of his front teeth missing ran into the house.掉了两个门牙的男孩跑进了房子里。
With everything prepared well，he believed he could succeed.一切都准备好了，他相信会成功的。
【提示】　当with后的宾语和作宾补的非谓语动词之间是主谓关系时，常用v.－ing形式；如果是动宾关系，则常用v.－ed形式；不定式表示将来发生的动作。
【对接高考】
(2012·辽宁高考)The old couple often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog ________ them.
A．to follow　　　　　　　　B．following
C．followed D．follows
【解析】　考查独立主格结构的应用。在“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”这一结构中 ，使用现在分词表示宾语主动发出该动作，如果使用过去分词，则表示宾语被动承受该动作，这里表示宠物狗主动跟着老夫妇，故选B。
【答案】　B
用所给词的适当形式填空
①With a lot of difficult problems ________(settle)，the newly－elected manager is in a dilemma.
②With his mother________(help)him，he is getting along well with his work.
③With the key ________(lose)，he had to wait outside the door.
【答案】　①to settle　②helping　③lost
翻译句子
④随着时间的推移，我们确信一切都会好起来的。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　We are sure that everything will be better with time passing by.
7．They also make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities，and satellite dishes can often be seen distributed throughout the countryside and remote areas.(教材P2)它们也使远离城市的人们可以收看电视，在农村和边远地区经常可以看到卫星天线。
(1)accessible adj.可使用的；可接触到的；可到达的；易理解的
Computers should be made accessible to both teachers and students.应该让老师和学生都能用到电脑。
My hometown is a town accessible by train.
我的家乡是一个乘火车可以到达的城镇。
①be accessible to sb.容易为……理解的；容易为……接近的
②access n．[U](使用或见到的)机会/权利；通道
give(sb.)access to接见；准许(某人)使用
get/have access to得以接近/进入/使用
　It is said that the documents are not accessible to the public.据说公众无法看到这些文件。
Every student has free access to the library.
每个学生都可以自由进入该图书馆。
①Computer lessons must be ________ to students of all grades，so that they can master this modern communication and learning tool.
A．avoidable B．accessible
C．valuable D．acceptable
【解析】　句意：所有年级的学生必须都能够上计算机课，以便他们能掌握这一现代交流和学习工具。accessible“可到达的；可接近的”，后接介词to。avoidable“可避免的”；valuable“有价值的”；acceptable“可接受的”。
【答案】　B
(2)distribute vt.使分布，分散；分发，分配；分销
The teacher distributed the new books to the students.老师把新书分发给学生们。
Some types of plants are widely distributed.
有些植物分布得很广。
①distribute sth.散发，分布；撒，播
distribute sth.to/among sb.把某物分发给某人
②distribution n．分配，分发
　The mother distributed candies among children.
母亲给孩子们发糖果。
The unfair distribution of wealth still exists nowadays.现在仍然存在着财富不均现象。
②It is suggested that the Ministry of Education should ________powers to schools rather than concentrate powers.
A．focus B．provide
C．deliver D．distribute
【解析】　句意：有人建议教育部应把权力下放到学校而不是集中权力。distribute意为“分配”，符合句意。focus“集中”；provide“提供”；deliver“递送”。
【答案】　D
8．benefit from受益于，从……中得到好处
However，most people still benefit from satellite TV，as local TV companies broadcast the signals they get from satellite receivers...(教材P2)然而，大多数人仍然受益于卫星电视，因为当地电视台转播他们从卫星接收器接收到的信号……
It is likely that people will benefit from the new invention.很可能人们会从这项新发明中得到好处。
I have benefited a lot from extensive reading.
广泛的阅读让我受益匪浅。
①benefit sb.使某人受益
②benefit n．利益；好处
be of benefit to＝be beneficial to对……有益
for the benefit of为了……的利益
③beneficial adj.有用的；有好处的
　The new regulations will be of benefit to us all.
新规定对我们大家都有好处。
完成句子
①团队中的每名成员都可以从队员的力量中受益。
Everyone in the team will then________________ the strengths of the individual members.
②它对人人都有很大好处。
It is____________________everyone.
【答案】　①benefit from ②of great benefit to
9．wind up上发条；(指人)终于到达某处，安顿；使结束(讲话等)；把(尤指车窗)摇上
The first record players had to be wound up by hand and only played records that were two minutes long.(教材P3)最早的留声机必须手摇上发条，而且只能播放两分钟长的录音。
Wind the car window up.请把车窗摇上来。
It's time to wind things up—I have an appointment with a client.该结束了——我跟客户还有个约会。
wind sth.into a ball把……绕成一团
wind one's way蜿蜒前进
wind down(指钟表)慢下来后停住；使(业务、活动等)逐步结束，把(汽车窗玻璃等)摇下
　The stream winds its way through the village.
小溪弯弯曲曲地流过村庄。
【提示】　wind的过去式和过去分词都是wound。
用wind的适当形式填空
①Although the old watch needs ________ up every day，the old man doesn't throw it away.
②Are all windows ________ up?
③We eventually ________ up staying in a little hotel a few miles from town.
④Highway 99 ________ its way along the coast.
【答案】　①winding　②wound　③wound　④winds
10．Meanwhile，electrical components eventually became so small that，by the late 1960s，portable cassette players were developed，along with video recorders which were used by TV stations.(教材P3)与此同时，电子元件在最后变得如此小以至于到了20 世纪60年代晚期，研制出可以携带的盒式磁带，同时还有电台的录像机。
(1)eventually adv.最后；终于
It was a long journey，but we eventually arrived.
旅程很长，但我们最后还是到达了。
He worked hard and eventually he succeeded.
他努力工作，最后终于成功了。
表示“最后”的同义词还有：finally，at last，in the end
　
①Even pets are sometimes sick，and ________ we do lose them，which brings us great sadness.
A．actually B．eventually
C．immediately D．suddenly
【解析】　考查副词辨析。句意：即使宠物也有时会生病，最终我们会失去他们，这会给我们带来痛苦。eventually“最终，最后”，符合句意。
【答案】　B
(2)so...that...意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。
The man is so fat that he can't take care of himself.
那个人太胖了，以至于连自己都照顾不了。
He drank so much that he couldn't stand on his feet.
他喝了太多酒，站都站不稳了。
There was so much snow on the road that the cars couldn't move fast.路上雪太多，汽车难以快速行驶。
①so...that...句型的常见形式：

②such...that...句型的基本结构：

　The teacher was telling us so interesting a story/such an interesting story that we all forgot the time.老师给我们讲了一个这么有趣的故事，结果我们都忘记了时间。
【提示】　在so...that...和such...that...句型中当so/such...置于句首时，主句应用部分倒装。
So fast is the city developing that you can never imagine what it will be like tomorrow.现在城市发展是如此之快，你永远想象不到它明天会是什么样子。
一句多译
这是一个如此大的房间，可以容纳(hold)很多人。
②________________________________________________________________________
③________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　②This is so large a room that it can hold a great number of people.
③This is such a large room that it can hold a great number of people.
单项填空
④The weather was________cold that I didn't like to leave my room.
A．really B．such
C．too D．so
【解析】　考查so...that.../such...that...“如此……以至于……”结构。在此题中被修饰的词为形容词，所以应该用so来修饰。而such所修饰的部分应为名词，不符合要求，故排除。really一般与that从句构不成“如此……以至于……”结构。too多与to构成“too...to...”结构，意思是“太……而不能……”。
【答案】　D
11．keep pace with与……步调一致
Technology is now changing faster than most people can keep pace with.(教材P3)现在，技术发展得如此之快令大多数人赶不上步伐。
We must keep pace with the times.
我们必须跟上时代的步伐。
We help our clients keep pace with global economy.
我们帮助客户跟上全球经济的步伐。
keep pace with跟……齐步前进；和……并驾齐驱；跟上；适应
同义短语：keep up with
　
In a time of social reform，some people can't keep________with the rapid changes of society.
A．terms B．pace
C．progress D．touch
【解析】　句意：在社会改革时期，一些人跟不上社会迅速变化的步伐。考查短语keep pace with“与……步调一致”。
【答案】　B
12．foresee vt.预料，预见，预知
Who can foresee what the future will bring？(教材P3)谁能预料未来会给我们带来什么？
He asked me who could have foreseen such problems.他问我谁能预见这样的问题。
If I had foreseen the result of refusing his offer，I would never have done that.如果当时我能预测拒绝他的提议带来的后果，我绝不会那么做。
foresee＋n./从句
foreseeable adj.可预料的，可预见的
　In fact，no one can foresee what will happen in the future.事实上，没有人能预见将来会发生什么。
Few analysts foresaw that oil prices would rise so steeply.没有几个分析家预料到油价会这么飞涨。
【提示】　foresee的过去式是foresaw；过去分词是foreseen；现在分词是foreseeing。
完成句子
①我们预料不会出现任何问题。
We don't ________________________.
②不可能预知生命将如何发展。
It is impossible to ________________ life will work out.
【答案】　①foresee any problems　②foresee how
13．It was not until 1906 that adaptations were made so that radio could relay conversation and music.(教材P5)直到1906年才对收音机进行了改造，此时收音机才能够播放谈话和音乐。
(1)adaptation n．改编本，改写本；适应
It is an adaptation of a novel for television.
这是一本由小说改成的电视剧。
Don't worry.I need a period of adaptation.
不要担心，我需要一段适应期。
adapt vt.使适应
①adapt to...适应……
adapt...to...使适应或适合……
adapt oneself to...使自己适应或者习惯于……
②adapt...from...根据……改写(改编)
adapt...for...改编/改作……之用
　It took her a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.她过了好一阵子才适应新环境。
The film was adapted from a novel.
这部电影是根据一本小说改编而成的。
完成句子
①他适应了寒冷的天气。
He ____________________ the cold weather.
②据说这部新影片是根据简·奥斯丁的一本小说改编的。
This new film is said to______________________a novel by Jane Austen.
【答案】　①adapted (himself) to　②be adapted from
单项填空
③The good thing about children is that they________very easily to new environments.
A．adapt B．appeal
C．attach D．apply
【解析】　考查短语辨析。句意：关于孩子们，好的一点是他们很容易适应新环境。adapt to使适应；appeal to对……有吸引力；attach to(使)相关；apply to运用，适用于。根据句意，A项正确。
【答案】　A
(2)relay vt.& n．播放，转播；接转，转发；接力赛(relay race)
The opening ceremony of the London Olympics was relayed around the world.
世界各地转播了伦敦奥运会的开幕式。
What if Tom is picked to run in the relay?
如果汤姆被选中参加接力赛，会是什么情景呢？
relay sth.(to sb.)传达信息等(给某人)；(向……)转播
　
完成句子
④这些电视节目通过卫星进行转播。
The broadcasts ________ by satellite.
⑤请记得把这个好消息传达给汤姆。
Please remember to ________ the good news ________ Tom.
【答案】　④are relayed　⑤relay；to
14．skeptical adj.怀疑的
Since people were skeptical that the public would want to hear radio broadcasts，the building of radio stations was delayed.(教材P5)人们对公众想听广播表示怀疑，广播站的建设就被推迟了。
We went to interview him.He denied taking money but we were skeptical.我们去采访了他。他否认收了钱，但我们对此表示怀疑。
I am skeptical about his chances of winning.
我怀疑他取胜的可能性。
sb.be skeptical about/of sth.某人对某事怀疑
skeptical(美)＝sceptical(英)
　Mary is skeptical about the solution.
玛丽对这个解决办法表示怀疑。
He was skeptical of/about the announcement made by the government.他怀疑政府的宣告。
Many scientists remain ________ about the value of this research program.
A．skeptical B．specious
C．stationary D．specific
【解析】　be skeptical about表示“对……持怀疑态度”，故选A。
【答案】　A
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，充分理解及物动词与不及物动词的概念及用法。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
??
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
??
　　　　　?
??
1．a large amount of大量的
A large amount of educational software can also be found here.(教材P6)很多教育软件都可以在这里找到。
Now，a large amount of water is polluted.
＝Now，amounts of water are polluted.
现在，大量的水被污染了。
关于“许多；若干”的短语：
＋可数名词复数
＋可数名词单数＋单数谓语动词
＋可数名词复数或不可数名词
＋不可数名词
　A large number of students have gone abroad.
很多学生都已去了海外。
Many a famous pop star has been ruined by drugs.
很多流行歌星都被毒品毁了。
Don't spend a great deal of money doing useless things.不要大笔花钱做无用的事情。
【提示】　a large/small amount of后接不可数名词表示“大量/少量的”，作主语时谓语动词用单数，也可以用“amounts of＋不可数名词”表示“大量的”，作主语时谓语动词用复数。
________ furniture are carried to supermarket from the factory every day.
A．The number of　　　　　　　B．A number of
C．Amounts of D．The amount of
【解析】　考查短语的用法。A项表示“……的数目”；B项表示“很多的”，后接可数名词复数；C项表示“很多的，大量的”，后接不可数名词；D项表示“……的数量”。本句意为“每天都有很多家具从工厂运到超市”，C项最符合题意。
【答案】　C
2．as well as既……又……，不仅……还……
The most popular ones have cameras and Internet access as well as games and all sorts of other functions.(教材P6)最流行的(手机)除了有游戏和其他各种各样的功能外还可以照相和上网。
The child is lively as well as healthy.
这孩子既健康又活泼。
He can speak Japanese as well as English.
他既会说英语，也会说日语。
①作连词，表示“和，又，既……(又……)，不仅……(还……)”。常用来连接两个并列成分。它连接的两个并列成分作主语时，谓语动词应与as well as前的人称和数保持一致。
②作介词，意为“除……之外(还)”，常位于句首，相当于besides，in addition to。
③“as well as...”还表示“和……一样好”。
　His wife as well as his children was invited to the party.他的妻子和他的孩子们都被邀请参加宴会了。
As well as eating five apples，they drank seven bottles of wine.除吃了五个苹果之外，他们还喝了七瓶葡萄酒。
He speaks Chinese as well as Jane.
他中文说得和简一样好。
【提示】　as well as连接两个并列成分时，侧重前者；not only...but(also)．..连接两个并列成分时，侧重后者。not only...but(also)．..连接的并列成分作主语时，句子谓语的数和人称遵循“就近原则”。
【对接高考】
(2012·陕西高考)The basketball coach，as well as his team，________ interviewed shortly after the match for their outstanding performance.
A．were B．was
C．is D．are
【解析】　本题考查主谓一致中的随前原则。主语后面带有一个附属结构as well as短语，谓语应和它前面的词在数上保持一致，故谓语动词用单数，排除A、D选项。再根据句意应用一般过去时，只有B项符合题意。
【答案】　B
________ the stress and pressure from her job，she bore the burden of caring for her sick mother.
A．As well as B．As long as
C．As far as D．As soon as
【解析】　as well as“(除……之外)也，还”。as long as“只要”；as far as“至于”；as soon as“一……就……”，均不符合句意。
【答案】　A
3．I was at the dentist's last Sunday to_have_my_teeth_checked.(教材P9)上周日我去牙医诊所检查牙齿。
have用作使役动词，意思是“使……，让……”，后面接复合宾语。本句使用了have sth.done这一结构，意思是“请/让别人做某事”，由过去分词作宾语补足语，宾语与过去分词表示的动词之间是被动关系。
We had the machine repaired.
我们请人把机器修理了一下。
I had my teeth filled yesterday afternoon.
昨天下午我请人补了牙。
①have sth.done还表示“让别人做某事”，强调主语的主观意志，相当于get sth.done。
②have sth.done还表示“遭遇某事”，强调宾语客观遭受到某件事。
③如果have后面的宾语和宾语补足语所表示的动作是主动关系，要用不带to的不定式或现在分词作宾语补足语。
have sb.do sth.“让某人做某事”，宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系，相当于ask sb.to do sth.。
have sb.doing sth.“让某人做某事”，宾语与宾语补足语之间是主动关系，且表示持续进行的状态，在否定句中意为“不允许某人做某事”。
　My teacher had me post his letter after school.
老师让我放学后给他寄封信。
Many people had their houses damaged in the earthquake.许多人的房子在地震中被损坏。
It was cold.They had the fire burning the whole night.
天气冷了，他们让炉火烧了一整夜。
【对接高考】
(2011·陕西高考)Claire had her luggage ________ an hour before her plane left.
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
【解析】　此题考查非谓语动词的用法。her luggage和check之间是被动关系，所以答案选择D。
【答案】　D
用所给词的适当形式填空
①The woman had her handbag ________(steal)yesterday.
②I can't have you ________(speak)to me like this.
③Would you have me ________(go)home alone?
【答案】　①stolen　②speaking　③go
单项填空
④The director had her assistant ________ some hot dogs for the meeting.
A．picked up B．picks up
C．pick up D．picking up
【解析】　句意：主任让她的助手顺便买了些热狗(香肠面包)来参加会议。have sb.do sth.“让某人干某事”。
【答案】　C
4．I was sitting in the waiting room when a young man entered.(教材P9)我正在候诊室里面坐着，这时一个年轻人走了进来。
when在这里是并列连词，连接并列句，意为“这时”。在这种情况下when不接时间状语从句，共有固定的三种情况要采用when后接并列句，意为“这时”，如下：

We were watching TV when someone knocked at the door.
我们正在看电视，这时有人敲门。
He was about to jump into the river，when his guide stopped him.他正要跳进河里，这时他的向导阻止了他。
We had hardly turned off the light when the phone rang.我们刚关掉了灯这时电话响了起来。
【对接高考】
(2011·浙江高考)One Friday，we were packing to leave for a weekend away ________ my daughter heard cries for help.
A．after　　　　　　　B．while
C．since D．when
【解析】　考查连词辨析。句意：星期五，我们正在收拾行李准备出去度周末，这时我的女儿听到求救的呼喊。be doing...when...表示“正在做某事，这时(突然)……”，是常用结构，故选D项。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
①他刚刚离开，电话就响了。
________________________________________________________________________
②我们正要离开，突然Jerry来了。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①He had just left when the telephone rang.
②We were just about to leave when Jerry arrived.
5．casual adj.非正式的，漫不经心的，偶然的，临时的
We had a casual conversation in the waiting room.(教材P9)我们在候诊室随便进行了交谈。
He tried to sound casual，but I knew he was worried.
他讲话时试图显得不在乎，但我知道他心里着急。
She is casual about winning the prize.
她对获奖漫不经心。
①be casual about对……漫不经心
②casually adv. 偶然地；无意地；若无其事地
　As I know，some American young people seem to be casual about clothes.
据我所知，有些美国年轻人对穿着很随便。
John was dismissed last week because of his ________ attitude towards his job.
A．informal B．casual
C．determined D．earnest
【解析】　根据题意可知，被辞退是因为工作态度散漫。A项意为“非正式的”；B项意为“漫不经心的”；C项意为“有决心的，坚决的”；D项意为“认真的”。根据题意，故选B。
【答案】　B
6．It_was_obvious_that he was suffering great pain when he talked.(教材P9)很显然，他说话时忍受着巨大的痛苦。
It was obvious that...属于“It＋be＋adj./n.＋从句”结构，该结构用法如下：
①it：为形式主语，真正的主语为后置的从句
②从句的引导词：that，when，where，why，how，whether，if等
【提示】　that引导从句时，仅起连接作用，不作成分，也无词义；whether/if引导从句时，有词义，起连接作用，但不作成分；其余的连接代词/连接副词有词义，起引导从句和充当句子成分的双重作用。
It is obvious that he is reluctant to leave his hometown.他不愿离开家乡是显而易见的。
It is unknown whether he will join us in the discussion.他是否会与我们一起讨论还不得而知。
It is still a mystery why he went abroad suddenly.
他为什么突然出国仍然是个谜。
It seems＋adj.＋that从句
It＋不及物动词(如seem，happen，turn out，occur
等)＋that从句
It is＋名词性短语(如a pity，a fact，a wonder，an honor
等)＋that...
It is＋adj.(如natural，obvious，possible，likely等)＋
that从句
It is＋过去分词(如reported，believed，said，announced
等)＋that从句
　It is certain that she will do well in her exam.
她一定会在考试中做好。
It is reported that he has won the game.
据报道他赢得了比赛。
It occurred to me that I didn't lock the front door.
我突然想起前门未锁。
【提示】　在“It is strange/natural/important/necessary/essential...＋that从句”结构中，从句可用虚拟语气，表示某种感彩，其谓语动词常用should do或should be done。
It is strange that he should come next week.
他下周要来，真是太奇怪了。
【对接高考】
(2012·江西高考)It suddenly occurred to him ________ he had left his keys in the office.
A．whether B．where
C．which D．that
【解析】　It occurred to sb.that...表示“某人想到……”。句意：他突然想到把钥匙落在办公室里了。it是形式主语，主语从句成分完整，不能用连接代词which引导；whether与where不符合句意。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
①他们有可能今天来。(It is possible that...)
________________________________________________________________________
②据报道，献血(donating blood)对身体有好处。(It is reported that...)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①It is possible that they will come today.　②It is reported that donating blood does good to health.
单项填空
③It is far from certain ________ the sportswoman will recover for the race this year.
A．how　　　　　　　　B．that
C．whether D．if
【解析】　句意：今年这个女运动员是否能恢复健康并参加比赛还远不能确定。根据句意，设空处应由whether“是否”引导主语从句。
【答案】　C
①He reached_Paris the day before yesterday.
②Please hand_me_the_book over there.
③They asked_me_to_go fishing with them.
④This is the room where I once lived.
⑤Everybody，our game begins.
⑥Let us begin_our_game.
⑦We saw the mountain when the clouds lifted.
⑧He lifted his glass and drank.
[自我总结]
动词的及物或不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情况：
1．及物动词：及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：“主＋谓＋宾”；“主＋谓＋双宾”；“主＋谓＋宾＋宾补”结构。
2．不及物动词：不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用于：“主＋谓”结构。
3．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin都是作“开始”讲。
4．既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。如lift vt.“升高，举起”；vi.“被提起来，(雾、云)消散”。
及物动词与不及物动词
英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，可把动词分成及物动词(transitive verb)与不及物动词(intransitive verb)。及物动词后面必须跟宾语意义才完整，不及物动词后不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须先在其后添加上某个介词，然后再跟宾语。
一、及物动词
及物动词常用于以下结构：
1．主语＋谓语＋宾语
He reached Paris the day before yesterday.(Paris是reached的宾语)他前天到达巴黎。
2．主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
直接宾语是动词的直接作用对象，通常指事物，间接宾语是事物接受者，通常是人。
Please hand me the book over there.(me是hand的间接宾语，the book是直接宾语)
请把那儿的那本书递给我。
当间接宾语位于直接宾语后面时，常在前面加介词to，有时用for。
I sent an email to my American teacher.
我给我的美国老师发了电子邮件。
He bought a present for my daughter.
他给我的女儿买了一份礼物。
3．主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
宾语补足语通常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、现在分词或过去分词担任。
They asked us to go fishing with them.(us是asked的宾语，to go fishing是宾语补足语)
This concert made her a popular singer overnight.
这场音乐会使她一夜之间成为深受人们喜爱的歌手。
Satellites make TV accessible to people who live far away from cities.
卫星使得远离城市的人们也能接收电视节目。
He found himself lying in bed when he came to life.
当他苏醒时，他发现自己躺在床上。
Don't always keep the children indoors.
不要让孩子总是待在家里。
大多数及物动词都可以用于被动语态。
His book has been translated into different languages.
他的书已经被翻译成不同的语言。
The early record players were wound up by hand.
早期的录音机是用手摇的。
二、不及物动词
1．不及物动词不跟宾语，也不能用于被动语态，但常常带状语。
My watch stopped.我的表停了。
She spoke at the meeting yesterday evening.
她在昨天晚上的会上发了言。
More challenges lie ahead of me.
在我面前有更多的挑战。
The waters rose higher and higher，as a result，more than 1,000 people had to leave their homes.水位升得越来越高，结果1000多人不得不离开他们的家园。
2．有些不及物动词可以与介词搭配，再接宾语。
The children are listening to the music.
孩子们正在听音乐。
三、兼作及物动词和不及物动词
英语里有些动词可以兼作及物动词和不及物动词。这样的动词又有两种不同的情况：
1．兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不变。
Shall I begin at once？(begin作不及物动词)
我可以立刻开始吗？
She began working as a librarian after she left school.(began作及物动词)
她毕业后当图书馆管理员。
When did they leave Beijing？(leave作及物动词)
他们是什么时候离开北京的？
They left last week.(left作不及物动词)
他们是上周离开的。
2．兼作及物动词和不及物动词时，意义不尽相同。
Finally，her parents approved of her marriage.
最后，她父母同意了她的婚姻。
Congress approved the bill.
国会批准了这法案。
四、注意英汉差异
有时英语动词的及物和不及物的用法，与汉语的用法不一样，请注意下列两种情况：
1．有的动词在英语里只能用作不及物动词，而在汉语里则可用作及物动词，如arrive，“到达”；agree，“同意”；listen，“听”。英语里这些动词后面常接介词，再接宾语。
We arrived at the railway station at noon.
我们中午到达火车站。(at不能省去)(比较：We reached the railway station at noon.)
Do they agree to the plan?
他们同意这个计划吗？(to不可省去)
2．有的动词在英语里能用作及物动词，而在汉语里则不能用作及物动词，如serve，“为……服务”。
Our children are taught to serve the people heart and soul.我们的儿童被教育要全心全意为人民服务。
综上所述，有些动词只能作及物动词，不可以单独用，后面必须跟宾语；有些动词只能作不及物动词，它们可以单独用，如果后面需要接宾语，动词后面必须加上特定的介词；有些动词既可以用作及物动词，又可以用作不及物动词，但是有时候词义会改变。当使用动词时，一定要分清楚这个动词属于哪一类，然后再根据不同的使用规则使用不同的动词。
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●课标解读
1．理解课文，掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，并能熟练运用。
2．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
3．能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法并给出学生认为合理的建议。
4．掌握写电子邮件的格式。
●教学地位
本课时的主要内容是Project所提供的关于“打电话还是不打电话”的文章，要求学生明确打电话和不打电话的优点和缺点。写电子邮件是高考作文中以及日常生活中常见的一种应用文体。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
问题导入法：What advantages or disadvantages do you know about phoning or not phoning?
●教学流程设计
? 导入新课。?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
??
　　　　　?
??
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
?让学生做“课时作业”。?

Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P14－15课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The Amish do not have personal telephones because they value seeing each other face to face.(　　)
2．The purpose of the passage is to let us know the disadvantages of using phones.(　　)
3．According to the text，the Amish are fond of communicating with strangers.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.T　3.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P14－15课文，选择最佳答案
1．Who are the Amish?
A．People who are scientists.
B．A Christian group.
C．People who are reporters.
2．Why do the Amish refuse phones?
A．They like face－to－face talks.
B．Phones are bad tools.
C．They think close talks are more important than communicating by phone.
3．Which of the following statements is true?
A．Girls like to send more text messages than boys.
B．The author doesn't like telephones either.
C．If you use a telephone，you will make a lot of true friends.
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.A
1．Not_everything that you hear is very important.(教材P10)并不是你所听到的一切都很重要。
本句是部分否定。not everything...相当于everything...not。英语中，all，both，every，everybody，everything，always，completely等表示整体概念的代词、副词和not连用时，构成部分否定，表示“不都，并非都”的意思。
Not every man can do it.＝Every man can not do it.
不是每个人都能做这件事。
All of the students don't go to play basketball after class.不是所有的学生下课后都去打篮球。
They don't always make mistakes.
他们并非总是犯错误。
部分否定与全部否定的用法：
部分否定
全部否定
两者
both...not/not
both...(并非两者都)
neither/not...either(两者都不)
两者
以上
all...not/not all...(并非所有……都)every...not/not every...(并非每一个……都)
the whole...not/not the whole...(并非全部……都)
not...any/none(没有一个)
no one/nobody(没有人)
nothing(没有任何事物)
　I don't know all of them.我不全认识他们。/I don't know any of them.我全不认识他们。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)It's an either－or situation—we can buy a new car this year or we can go on holiday but we can't do________.
A．others　　　　　　　　　B．either
C．another D．both
【解析】　句意：这是一个二选一的情况——我们要么今年买一辆新车要么去度假，但是鱼和熊掌不可兼得。分析题意可知，这是在两者之间进行选择，所以排除A、C两项。both“两者都”；either“(两者中的)任何一个”。根据句意知应选D项。此处not...both实际上是部分否定。
【答案】　D
句型转换
Not both of the sisters are here.
①________________________________________________________________________(改为同义句)
②________________________________________________________________________(改为全部否定)
All my friends do not study well.
③________________________________________________________________________(改为同义句)
④________________________________________________________________________(改为全部否定)
【答案】　①Both of the sisters are not here.
②Neither of the sisters is here.
③Not all my friends study well.
④None of my friends study well.
2．suitable adj.合适的，适当的
Especially suitable for people with a reading disability，the Stylus Pen Ⅲ keeps the last 80 words scanned for easy review.(教材P11)Stylus Pen Ⅲ特别适合那些有阅读障碍的人，它能够储存浏览的最后80个词供你轻松复习。
As far as I'm concerned，he's a more suitable candidate.在我看来，他是更合适的选手。
These films are suitable for adults only.
这些电影只适合成人观看。
①be suitable for...适合某人/某物
be suitable to do sth.适合做某事
It is suitable for sb.to do sth.某人适合做某事
②be suited for/to适合做……，对……适宜
be suited to do适于做……
③be fit for适合，胜任
be fit to do适合做
　Who do you think most suitable to be the monitor in our class？在我们班谁才是你心目中的班长？
What time do you think would be suitable for us to meet？你认为我们什么时候见面最合适？
They are dead sure that she is suitable/fit for the job.
他们确信她适合这项工作。
Some books now published for children are actually not suitable/suited for them.
现在为儿童出版的一些书籍实际上不适合儿童看。
完成句子
①这些书不适合孩子们看。
This kind of books ________________ children.
②我没有适合在聚会上穿的衣服。
I don't have anything ________________ for the party.
【答案】　①are not suitable/suited for　②suitable/suited/fit to wear
3．twice as much as...是……的两倍
In other words，the model with a camera costs twice as much as the older model.Is that right？(教材P12)换句话说，带照相的机型价格是旧机型的两倍，对吗？
This shirt costs twice as much as that one.
这件衬衫的价格是那件的两倍。
表示倍数的常见结构还有：
①...times as＋形容词/副词原级＋as；
②...times the＋性质名词(如：size，length，width，depth，etc.)＋of；
③...times＋形容词/副词比较级＋than；
④A＋谓语＋倍数＋as many＋复数名词(＋as＋B)；
⑤A＋谓语＋倍数＋as much＋不可数名词(＋as＋B)
　This bridge is 5 times as wide as that one.
＝This bridge is 5 times the width of that one.
这座桥是那座桥的五倍宽。
The factory has produced three times as many cars this year as it did last year.
这个工厂今年生产的小汽车是去年的三倍。
【对接高考】
(2013·安徽高考)It's said that the power plant is now ________ large as what it was.
A．twice as B．as twice
C．twice much D．much twice
【解析】　句意：据说这个发电厂现在是以前的两倍大。倍数的表示法有多种，此处为“倍数词＋as＋形容词/副词原级＋as＋其他”结构。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①这个大厅比我们的教室大四倍(是我们教室的五倍)。
This hall is ______________ than our classroom.
②这块大石头的重量是那块的三倍。
This big stone is ________________as that one.
③这条街是那条街的四倍长。
This street is ________________ of that one.
【答案】　①five times bigger　②three times as heavy　③four times the length
4．scan vt.& vi.浏览，粗略地读
...keeps the last 80 words scanned for easy review.(教材P14)为作简单的回顾，……保留最新的80个单词以作浏览。
I scanned the list quickly for my name.
我快速浏览了一下名单，看有没有我的名字。
He scanned my face，saying nothing.
他端详着我的脸，没说什么。
①scan (through)sth.浏览，粗略地读……
②scan vt.审视；端详；扫描
scan sth.for sth.为……而审视，察看……
scan sth.into sth.把……扫描进……
　He scanned the crowd for any sign of Mary.
他搜寻着人群，看有无玛丽的踪迹。
Text and pictures can be scanned into the computer.
文字和图画可以被扫描进计算机。
完成句子
①吃早饭时，他粗略地看了一遍报纸。
He ________________ while having his breakfast.
②我从图书馆借来一堆书来读或者是粗略地浏览一下。
I borrowed a pile of books from the library for me to read，________________.
【答案】　①scanned the newspaper　②or scan
5．vote vi.& vt.投票，选举，表决n.选票；选举
They then vote on whether they will accept it.(教材P14)然后他们投票决定是否接受它。
Did you vote for or against her last month?
你上个月投了她的赞成票还是反对票？
The decision was passed by 154 votes to 153 ones.
这个决定以154票对153票通过。
vote on...＝take/have a vote on对．.....投票表决
vote for/against投票支持/反对
vote to do...表决通过要做……
　We'll listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it.我们将先听取双方的论点，然后再表决。
I wanted to know whether he voted for or against her.
我想知道他是投了她的赞成票还是反对票。
介词填空
①People voted ________ Henry who often tells lies.
②As we can't agree on this matter，let's vote ________ it.
【答案】　①against　②on
完成句子
③那时许多人没有选举权。
Lots of people ________________ at that time.
④我将投票选吉姆，因为我认为他比别人好。
I shall ________ Jim，because I think he is better than others.
【答案】　③had no right to vote　④vote for
单项填空
⑤People in the village ________ the college graduate to be their leader，for they thought he could help their village become better.
A．voted against B．voted on
C．voted for D．voted to
【解析】　考查vote短语的意义辨析。句意：村里的人们投票大学生做他们的领导，因为他们认为他能帮他们村变好。vote against“投票反对”；vote for“投票支持”；vote on“对……进行表决”；vote to do sth.“投票去做某事”。结合句意，C项最佳。
【答案】　C
6．reject vt.拒绝，拒收；不予考虑，不予录用
The Amish reject cars because they like having tight communities where everyone lives close together.(教材P14)阿曼门诺派教徒拒绝汽车是因为他们喜欢生活在关系很亲密的社区里，在那里所有人住得很近。
The plan was rejected.该计划遭拒绝。
The patient's body rejected the heart transplant.
病人的身体排斥心脏移植。
It's obvious why his application was rejected.
他的申请被拒绝原因很明显。
I made it clear to him that I rejected his suggestion.
我清楚地告诉他，我拒绝了他的建议。
reject/refuse/decline/deny
reject
强调拒不接受或拒不考虑没有价值或不合标准的意见、计划、请求等；也可表示拒绝相信，摒弃、厌弃。其后跟名词或代词作宾语，但不能跟不定式
refuse
表示坚决甚至无礼貌地拒绝接受某物或做某事。此外，作及物动词时，可表示拒绝给予，后可跟不定式作宾语
decline
指有礼貌地拒绝，或婉言谢绝邀请、建议、帮助等。其后可跟名词、代词或不定式作宾语
deny
否认，拒绝承认或相信某个事实。其后跟名词、代词或动名词作宾语
　
用reject，refuse，decline，deny的适当形式填空
①She ________ to have lunch with her friend，saying that she wasn't feeling well.
②The idea that the earth is flat was ________ centuries ago.
③He ________ having seen these watches before.
④I wonder why he ________ to discuss the problem at the meeting.
【答案】　①declined　②rejected　③denied　④refused
7．oppose vt.反对，抵制，阻挠；与……竞争
Since the Amish value seeing each other face to face，they oppose having telephones in their houses.(教材P14)因为阿曼门诺派教徒重视彼此面对面交流，所以他们反对在住宅里装电话。
He got angry when his plan was opposed.
当他的计划遭到反对的时候，他生气了。
We will oppose prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.
我们将反对黑人的偏见，抵制美国人之间的冲突。
①oppose (doing) sth./sb.doing sth.反对(做)某事/某人做某事
②opposed adj.反对的；相对的
be opposed to...反对……；与……对立(to是介词)
③be against反对
　I oppose your going there alone.
我反对你单独去那里。
It seems that she is opposed to your going abroad.
好像她反对你出国。
He is against my plan.他反对我的计划。
一句多译
这位老人反对他们在这儿建一个新大厅。
①________________________________________________________________________
②________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①The old man opposed their building a new hall here.
②The old man was opposed to their building a new hall here.
单项填空
③After the famous star ________ in the film，the media focused on it.
A．opposed to starring　　　B．was opposed to starring
C．opposed to star D．opposed star
【解析】　句意：在这位明星拒绝在这部电影中担任角色后，媒体都关注这件事。oppose doing“反对做……”；be opposed to doing“反对做……”，其中的to是介词，后面应跟名词、代词或动名词。
【答案】　B
8．For example，no_matter_what the circumstances，when the phone rings，everything stops so that the call can be answered.(教材P14)例如，无论在什么情况下，当电话铃声响起时，为了接电话，一切都得停下来。
(1)句中no matter what引导让步状语从句，no matter“无论……；不管……”，后接what/who/which/where/when/how等。
No matter what happens，we'll never lose hope.
无论发生什么事，我们都不会失去信心。
No matter who wants to visit the museum，he must ask our teacher for permission.
无论谁想去参观博物馆，都需经我们老师同意。
①no matter＋what/who/which/where/when/how也可替换成what/who/which/where/when/how＋ever的形式。
②“no matter＋疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，而whatever，whichever，whoever等除了引导状语从句外，还可引导名词性从句。
　You can come whenever/no matter when it is convenient to you.无论你何时方便都可以过来。
Whatever is worth doing should be done well.
值得做的事情就应该做好。
【提示】　whatever和whichever的意义区别常会成为命题的依据，我们需要明确的是，whatever意为“无论什么，任何……的东西”，通常是没有范围限定的，而whichever意为“无论哪一个”，通常是有限定范围的。
【对接高考】
(2012·陕西高考)As many as five courses are provided，and you are free to choose ________ suits you best.
A．whatever B．whichever
C．whenever D．wherever
【解析】　分析句子结构可知，所填内容引导宾语从句，且在从句中作主语，而C，D两项作状语，可排除；另外，由信息词five courses与choose可知是在给定的范围中做出选择，故排除whatever“无论什么”，选择whichever“无论哪个”。句意：提供了多达五门课程，你可以自由选择最适合你的那一门。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①________________，he won't believe you.
无论你说什么，他都不会相信你说的话。
②You can take ________________.
你喜欢什么就可以拿什么。
③________________，don't be discouraged.
无论发生什么事，都不要气馁。
【答案】　①Whatever/No matter what you say
②Whatever you like　③Whatever/No matter what happens
(2)circumstance n．条件，环境，状况(常用复数)
They have been living in reduced circumstances since she lost her job.
自从她失业以来，他们一直过着拮据的生活。
What were the circumstances that led you to telephone the police？是什么情况使你给警察打电话的？
in/under no circumstances决不(位于句首时，句子要部分倒装)
in/under the circumstances在这种情况下，既然如此
　I will under no circumstances let my daughter marry such a person.我绝不会把女儿嫁给这种人。
Under no circumstances will you be given a second chance.无论如何也不可能再给你第二次机会了。
【提示】　表示“决不”且与in/under no circumstances用法类似的常用词组还有：in no case，at no time，by no means，in no way，on no account，on no condition。
【即时应用】
完成句子
④在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。
____________________，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.
⑤他不可靠。你无论如何都不该借钱给他。
He isn't a reliable man.In/Under no circumstances ____________________ him any money.
【答案】　④Under the circumstances　⑤should you lend
9．interrupt vt.& vi.阻碍(某人)，打断(某人的)话；中断
How many times have you been talking with a friend，only for your friend to interrupt the conversation to answer a call？(教材P15)有多少次你正在与一位朋友交谈，可是仅仅为了接一个电话，你的朋友就中断了交谈呢？
Don't interrupt (me) while I am working.
我在工作时别打扰我。
It is not polite to interrupt when somone is talking.
在别人讲话时插嘴是不礼貌的。
A heavy snow interrupted the traffic.
一场大雪使交通中断了。
①I'm sorry to interrupt you but...抱歉，打断一下……
②interruption n．妨碍，中断；障碍物
without interruption不中断地
　I'm sorry to interrupt you，but there's someone to see you.对不起打扰你一下，有人要见你。
interrupt/disturb
interrupt
是“打断，中断”的意思，一般指打断别人的讲话。
Don't interrupt when others are talking.别人讲话时不要打断。
disturb
含有“骚扰，使不安”的意思，尤其是妨碍正在发生的事，还可指打扰睡眠、休息、工作等。
I'm sorry to disturb you.对不起，打扰了。
　
完成句子
①他中止工作去吃午饭。
He____________________ to have lunch.
②他们的谈话被敲门声打断了。
Their talk____________________a knock at the door.
【答案】　①interrupted his work　②was interrupted by
10．typical adj.典型的；有代表性的；平常的；特有的
For some reason，a typical mobile phone call is nearly always given greater importance than a face－to－face conversation.(教材P15)由于某种原因，一个典型的手机电话受到的重视程度几乎总是高于面对面的交流。
On a typical day，we receive about 50 letters.
我们通常一天收到大约50封信。
He spoke with typical enthusiasm.
他以其特有的热情讲话。
①be typical of...典型的……，有代表性的……
It's typical of sb.to do sth.某人做某事一向如此
②typically adv.典型地，有代表性地
　It is said that this painting is typical of his early works.据说这幅画是他早期的代表作。
It is typical of my grandpa to forget things.
我爷爷老是爱忘事。
用typical的适当形式填空
①This painting is fairly ________ of his early works.
②The disease ________ takes several weeks to disappear.
【答案】　①typical　②typically
一句多译
他一向乐于助人。
③________________________________________________________________________(typical)
④________________________________________________________________________(typically)
【答案】　③It is typical of him to be ready to help others.
④Typically，he is ready to help others.
单项填空
⑤Jack is late again.It is ________ of him to keep others waiting.
A．normal B．ordinary
C．common D．typical
【解析】　考查形容词辨析。句意：杰克又迟到了。他这人就是爱让人等。typical“(品质、性格等方面)特有的；独特的”；normal “正常的”；ordinary“普通的；平凡的”；common“共同的”。根据题意可知选D。
【答案】　D
11．When_asked later what the call was about，your friend always answers，‘Oh，nothing really.'(教材P15) 当后来问起那个电话的内容时，你朋友总是回答“哦，其实也没什么事。”
When asked...是状语从句的省略结构，其完整形式应为“When he/she is asked...”。
You should stay where you are，unless(you are)asked to leave.
你应该待在你现在所在的地方不动，除非让你离开。
When (he was) at college，he had already made up his mind to become an interpreter.还在上大学时，他已经下定决心成为一名口译员了。
状语从句的省略结构用法归纳：
①省略条件：从句主语与主句主语一致或从句主语为it，且从句谓语含有be动词的某种形式
②省略成分：从句主语及be动词
③适用从句：时间、地点、让步、条件、方式等状语从句
④省略后从句的形式：连词＋分词/不定式/介宾短语
/名词/副词/形容词
　【对接高考】
(2013·浙江高考)There are some health problems that，when ________ in time，can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated
B．not being treated
C．not to be treated
D．not having been treated
【解析】　句意：有一些健康问题，如果没得到及时的治疗，在以后会变成更为严重的问题。分析句子结构可知，此处是状语从句的省略，从句主语problems与treat之间为被动关系，故A项正确，其完整的形式为when they are not treated in time。此句实际上是分隔式定语从句。定语从句that can become bigger ones later on被when not treated in time分隔开来了。
【答案】　A
句式仿写
①当在大街上行走时，这个男孩遇到了他的老师。
________________________________________________________________________
②如果被给予更多时间的话，我们会做得更好。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①When walking in the street，the boy met his teacher.
②If given more time，we would do it better.
12．If the call was really about nothing，then why was it so important as_to interrupt your conversation and waste your precious time？(教材P15)如果(打)电话真是没什么事，那么为什么它如此重要以至于打断你们的谈话并浪费你们宝贵的时间呢？
句中含有“so＋adj./adv.＋as to do sth.”结构，该结构表示结果，否定形式用“so＋adj./adv.＋as not to do sth.”。
She was so kind as to help the old lady off the bus.
她很好心，把那位老妇人扶下了公共汽车。
Rose wouldn't be so careless as to leave her keys in the classroom.
罗斯还没有粗心到把钥匙落在教室的地步。
He was so proud as not to steal.
他非常骄傲，不会偷东西。
①“so＋adj./adv.＋as to do sth.”可与句型“so＋adj./adv.＋that...”进行转换。
②so as to do“以便做某事”，表示目的，so as可省略，相当于in order to do。其位置一般在句中，不能位于句首。否定结构用so as not to。
③“such as to”和“such＋n.＋as to”表示结果，否定结构是在to前加not。
　Their anxiety was such as to make them unable to sleep.他们如此焦虑，以至于难以入睡。
My friends were so kind as to help me out.＝My friends were so kind that they helped me out.
我的朋友如此善良，帮我摆脱了困境。
Our research has focused on a drug which is so powerful ________ able to change brain chemistry.
A．as to be　　　　　B．as not to be
C．as being D．as not being
【解析】　“so＋adj./adv.＋as to do”是常用结构，意为“……到足以……的地步/程度”，不定式表示结果。再由语境可知此处不定式应为肯定形式，所以选A。
【答案】　A
13．While these messages always seem important at the time，most people cannot really remember them the next day.(教材P15)尽管这些短信当时似乎总是很重要，但大部分人第二天就不太记得短信的内容了。
while在此作从属连词，意为“尽管”，引导让步状语从句。从句常位于句首。
While I admit it's difficult，I can solve it.
尽管我承认它很难，但我能解决它。

　The telephone rang while I was in the garden.
我在花园时电话铃响了。
While girls are good at language，boys are good at maths.男孩子擅长数学，而女孩子擅长语言。
【提示】　while因用法多样而备受命题者的青睐，是历年高考命题的热点，前几年高考经常把它和when，as放在一起考查时间状语从句，但近几年命题重点主要集中在while作并列连词表示对比和作从属连词引导让步状语从句的用法上。
【对接高考】
(2012·上海高考)Tom looked upon the test as an obstacle ________ his classmates regarded it as a challenge.
A．while　　　　　　　　　B．because
C．unless D．if
【解析】　句意：汤姆把考试当做障碍，而他的同学则把考试当做挑战。空格前后的两个句子形成了对比，因此此处应用while，while在此作并列连词，意为“而，然而，却”。because表示原因，unless和if均表示条件。
【答案】　A
写出下列句中while的含义
①She is very diligent，while he is lazy.________
②Please be quiet while I'm talking to you.________
③While I understand what you say，I can't agree with you.________
【答案】　①而；然而　②同时；当……时　③虽然；尽管
14．focus on集中(注意力、精力等)
Phones and text messages focus on building relationships with many people.(教材P15)手机和短信意在和许多人建立联系。
Each exercise focuses on a different grammar point.
每个练习各有不同的语法重点。
You must try to focus your mind on work and study.你得努力把精力集中在工作和学习上。
focus...on...把……集中于……
focus one's attention/mind on把注意力集中于
　Recently people focus their attention on the situation of Syria.近来人们把注意力集中在了叙利亚局势上。
完成句子
①当我鼓励小组成员集中干他们所做的事时，决心感代替了先前的悲伤。
As I encouraged group members__________________________，a sense of determination replaced the previous sadness.
②我太累了，无法集中精力解决这个问题。
I'm too tired __________________________ this problem.
【答案】　①to focus on what they could do　②to focus my mind on solving
单项填空
③Now many countries________saving natural resources rather than destroying them.
A．refer to B．speak of
C．focus on D．come to
【解析】　句意：当今很多国家都把注意力集中在节约自然资源上而不是破坏自然资源。focus on“集中(注意力、精力等)于”，符合句意。
【答案】　C
15．rather than而不是
The use of technology for communication rather than talking face to face is one reason why this is true.(教材P15)使用技术来进行交流而不是面对面地交谈是这种情况真实的一个原因。
I always prefer getting up early，rather than going to school without breakfast.
我宁可早起床，也不愿不吃早餐去上学。
I decided to write rather than telephone.
我决定写信而不打电话。
It ought to be me rather than you that signed the letter.在信上签名的应该是我而不是你。
rather than意为“而不是，而非”，在句中连接并列成分，并列成分可以是名词、代词、动词、介词短语、动名词或不定式，但要?