【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版选修七教师用书Unit 2　Fit for life

Unit 2　Fit for life
【美文阅读】　
The secrets of never getting sick
身体健康是一个人最大的财富，没有好的身体，什么事也干不成。为了让你的身体更好，心情更佳，现在就教你几招远离疾病的方法。
Some of our friends are always healthy and have no illness，even a cold for all year round.Some experts believe that they boost their immunity(免疫力)through simple lifestyle habits.Here are some pieces of advice.
Tickle your funny bone(唤起你的幽默感)：Think about what makes you laugh whether it's reading comics or doing silly things with your friends，and try to add more pleasure into your life.
Eat different food with different colors：Get at least five servings of colorful fruits and vegetables every day.Eat plenty of complex carbons(碳水化合物)，such as brown rice，and look for low－fat sources of protein(蛋白质)and cut back on added fat.
Get moving：Do proper exercise for forty to forty－five minutes at least every day，such as walking，cycling，swimming or running，at least five days a week.Avoid doing the movement which is beyond your body's limit.
Keep records in your diary：Set aside twenty minutes a day for three consecutive(连续的)days to write down the things that are most important to you and how they affect you.
Don't get struck by stress：When you encounter some touchy(棘手的)problems，firstly take a look at the situation and seriously consider whether you can do something to change it.If you realize that you can't change the situation，try to change your physical and emotional reactions to it.Being in meditation(沉思)，doing yoga or deep－breathing exercise，or listening to calm music can help reduce stress，too.
【诱思导学】　
1．What does the underlined word “boost”in the first paragraph mean?
________________________________________________________________________
2．According to the above passage，what should we do to prevent ourselves from getting sick?
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.It means increase or raise.　2.Tickle our funny bone；eat different food with different colors；get moving；keep records in our diary；don't get struck by stress.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元的话题是“Fit for life”，而本单元的第一篇文章“Two life－saving medicines”让学生了解日常生活中常见的两种药物——阿司匹林和青霉素的主要功效以及对人类健康所起的重要作用，具有很强的现实意义。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
利用精美的图片要求学生了解并辨认日常生活中常用的药品类型及常用的感冒药、消炎药和退烧药。提出问题，引起学生求知欲望，导入新课。
●教学流程设计
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?师生共同讨论并统一答案。?
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Ⅰ.篇章结构
Name
Invention & Discovery
Medical
1.________
Aspirin
·Nearly 3,500 years ago，people 2.______ on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves of a particular plant.
·Hippocrates made a 3.________ from a tree bark.
·In 1897 Hoffmann produced aspirin.Two years later，the company he worked for began distributing the medicine in 4.________ form to physicians to use with patients.
·In 1900，aspirin was sold in shops in the form of 5.________.
·Reducing fever and helping stop pain
·Reducing the risk of 6.________ attacks and preventing a stroke
·Reducing the risk of some cancers by 40 percent
·Reducing 7.________ sugar levels
Penicillin
·It was discovered by Alexander Fleming in 8.________.
·Fleming found the mould had 9.________ the bacteria surrounding it.
·Two other scientists succeeded in purifying it and it was produced in large 10.________.
·Treating illnesses caused by bacteria and wounds
【答案】　1.effects　2.chewed　3.juice　4.powder　5.tablets　6.heart　7.blood　8.1928　9.killed　10.quantities
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．In________，aspirin was sold in powder form to physicians to use with patients.
A．1897　　　　　　　　　B．1899
C．1900
2．Who is an American?
A．Dr Thun. B．Smith.
C．Alexander Fleming.
3．Who found penicillin?
A．Dr Thun. B．Alexander Fleming.
C．Howard Florey.
4．Why did penicillin become the greatest drug of the 20th century?
A．Because it was found by an Australian scientist.
B．Because it once made three people get the Nobel Prize.
C．Because it saved millions of lives.
5．What's mainly discussed in this passage?
A．Famous doctors.
B．How penicillin and aspirin were invented.
C．Two important medicines—Aspirin and Penicillin.
【答案】　1.B　2.A　3.B　4.C　5.C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
If you 1.________ any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world，it is likely 2.________ you will find aspirin and penicillin.Aspirin was invented in 1897.The first 3.________ of this medicine took place in 1899.In 1900 aspirin was sold in shops in the form of 4.________.Not only has aspirin proved 5.________ for reducing fever and helping stop pain，6.________there are also other things that aspirin can help with.In 1977 a study carried 7.________ in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes.Another drug that has helped increase the 8.________ of people's health is penicillin.It was discovered by a Scottish scientist named Fleming in 1928.In 1940，two other scientists managed to make and test the new drug 9.________.Due to the 10.________ use of penicillin，many lives were saved during world war Ⅱ.Penicillin became the greatest drug of the 20th century，saving millions of lives.
【答案】　1.open up　2.that　3.trials　4.tablets　5.vital　6.but　7.out　8.standard　9.in large quantities　10.widespread
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．beneficial　　　　A．a positive opinion of sb.or sth.
2．possess B．very important
3．vital C．the possibility of sth.happening or being developed or used
4．potential D．to recycle
5．application E．to have or own sth.
6．astonish F．to surprise sb.very much
7．circulate G．a verbal or written request for assistance or employment or use
8．approval H．useful；helpful
【答案】　1.H　2.E　3.B　4.C　5.G　6.F　7.D　8.A
Ⅱ.短语填空
1.Jamie could hardly wait to ________ his new bike.
2．The new shop is to________at 8：00 tomorrow morning.
3．Once a plan is made，it should be________no matter how difficult it is.
4．With so much noise outside，I couldn't have my attention________my homework at all.
5．You will sound more polite if you make a request________a question.
6．If trees are cut down________like this，forests will disappear sooner or later.
7．—How did you find the secret?
—Totally________.
8．I have ________the bad tomatoes from the basket.
【答案】　1.try out　2.open up　3.carried out　4.focused on　5.in the form of　6.in large quantities　7.by accident　8.picked out
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Have you ever seen a doctor？If_so，what happened?
你曾经看过医生吗？如要看过的话，发生了什么事？
2．If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world，it_is_likely_that you will find aspirin and penicillin.
倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜或去任何一个药品柜台，都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。
3．It_was in 1897 that a European chemist called Dr Felix Hoffmann produced aspirin from this chemical.
1897年，一位名叫菲利克斯·霍夫曼的欧洲药剂师从这种化学物质中提取了阿司匹林。
4．Not_only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.
阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。
5．If penicillin had_not_been available，many people would_have_died from sickness or even small wounds.
如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至很小的伤口。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
4．通过对本课文的理解，让学生初步了解常见药品的功效，提高学生阅读科普文章的能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。

(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
“In this period, let's deal with some useful expressions in the passage.”开门见山，直入主题。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第26页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
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??
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?
1．Have you ever seen a doctor？If_so，what happened？(教材P17)你曾经看过医生吗？如果看过的话，发生了什么事？
If so是一个省略句。在复合句特殊省略的现象中，当省略一个从句或从句的一部分时，常用so或not代替省略部分。
If so, I am afraid I have some bad news.
如果真是这样，恐怕我有一些坏消息要告诉你。
If so，I believe I have solved your problem.如果是这样，我相信我已经解决了你的问题。
if any如Y果有的话
if not如果不/没有的话
if ever如果曾经有的话
if possible如果可能的话
if necessary如果必要的话
　I'll pick you up at the hotel if necessary.
如果必要的话，我用车去宾馆接你。
I think there is a train around 3 o'clock.If not, you'll have to wait till 5：30.我想3点左右有一班火车。要是没有，你只好要等到5点半了。
【对接高考】
(2011·江苏高考)It sounds like something is wrong with the car's engine.________，we'd better take it to the garage immediately.
A．Otherwise　　　　　　　　B．If not
C．But for that D．If so
【解析】　考查省略结构。句意：听起来好像汽车引擎出故障了。如果这样的话，我们最好立即把它送到汽修厂。if so意为“如果是这样的话”，符合句意。
【答案】　D
完成句子
①开始你可能有些困难，如果是这样，请给我们打电话。
You may have some difficulties at first.________，please ring us.
②如果可能，应当将蔬菜和水果去皮。
________，vegetables and fruits should be peeled.
【答案】　①If so　②If possible
2．If you open up any medicine cupboard or go to any medicine counter in the world，it_is_likely_that you will find aspirin and penicillin.(教材P18)倘若你打开世界上任何一个药柜或去任何一个药品柜台，都很可能找到阿司匹林和青霉素。
It is likely that...意为“可能……”，为常用句型，它常和sb./sth.is likely to do sth.互换。
It is likely that he will agree to the plan.
＝He is likely to agree to the plan.
很可能他会同意这项计划。
It is likely that they will come back next summer.
他们可能会在明天下午回来。
It's likely that...＝sb.be likely to do...做某事是可能的
Not likely.(表示坚决不同意)绝不可能；绝对不会
　Me？Join them？Not likely!
我？和他们一起？没门儿！
句型转换
①My parents are likely to allow me to go to the cinema.
?____________________my parents will allow me to go to the cinema.
②It is possible for Ye shiwen to set a new world record in 2016.
?____________________Ye shiwen will set a new world record in 2016.
?Ye shiwen ____________________ set a new world record in 2016.
?____________________Ye shiwen will set a new world record in 2016.
【答案】　①It's likely that　②It is possible that；is likely to；It is likely that
单项填空
③Studies show that people are more ________ to suffer from back problems if they always sit before computer screens for long hours.
A．likely B．possible
C．probable D．sure
【解析】　句意：研究表明，人如果长时间坐在电脑屏幕前就更可能患上背部疾病。sb.is likely to do sth.“某人可能做某事”。possible，probable作表语时，句子的主语不能是人。be sure to do“必定……”，表示主观看法，与语境不符。
【答案】　A
3．beneficial adj.有益的，有用的
Both of these medicines have saved millions of people's lives and have proved beneficial to mankind since they were invented.(教材P18)自从发明这两种药物以来，它们已挽救了数百万人的生命并被证实对人类有益。
Proper exercise is beneficial to your health.
适当的锻炼对你的健康有好处。
Cycling is highly beneficial to health and environment.骑自行车对健康和环境都有益。
①be beneficial to对……有益
②benefit n．利益，好处vi.有利于，受益
be of benefit to(＝be beneficial to)对……有益
for sb.'s benefit(＝for the benefit of sb.)为了某人的利益；为帮助某人
benefit from/by从……中得益
　He thought he would benefit from/by going to school.他认为上学对他有好处。
The new regulations will be of benefit to/be beneficial to everyone concerned.新规章将使所有有关人员受益。
翻译句子
①据说瑜伽(Yoga)对人体健康有很大的益处。
________________________________________________________________________
②每个人都会从这次活动中获益良多。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①It is said that Yoga is of great benefit to human health./It is said that Yoga is beneficial to human health.
②Everyone will benefit a lot from this activity./This activity will benefit everyone a lot.
4．possess vt.拥有，具有；支配，控制
Nearly 3,500 years ago，people chewed on leaves or drank a kind of tea made from leaves possessing a special chemical to reduce body pains and fever.(教材P18)近3500年前，人们咀嚼树叶或者喝由一种含有特殊化学物的树叶制成的茶来减少身体疼痛和发烧。
Poor as they are，they possess many noble qualities.
尽管他们很穷，但是他们拥有很多高尚的品质。
I'm afraid he doesn't possess a sense of humour.
恐怕他没有什么幽默感。
①possess oneself of获得……，据有……
be possessed of具有(某种品质，能力等)
②possession n．[U]拥有；(常用复数)个人财产
have/get/gain/take possession of占有；拥有
in possession of占有
in the possession of sb.为某人所有
　—Does the young man standing there take possession of the company？是站在那边的年轻人拥有这家公司吗？
—No.The company is in the possession of his father.不，这家公司为他父亲所拥有。
完成句子
①她拥有一大笔财富。
She ____________________ a large fortune.
【答案】　is in possession of或has/gets/gains/takes possession of
单项填空
②Though having lived abroad for years，many Chinese still ________ the traditional customs.
A．perform B．possess
C．observe D．support
【解析】　句意：尽管许多中国人在国外居住多年，但他们仍然沿袭传统的风俗习惯。perform“表演”；possess“拥有”；observe “遵守，遵循”；support“支持”。
【答案】　C
5．take place发生，举行
The first trials of this medicine took place in 1899，when the company Hoffmann worked for began distributing the medicine in powder form to physicians to use with patients.(教材P18)对该药进行的首批试验发生在1899年，当时，霍夫曼供职的公司开始将这种药以粉末形式分发给医师，在病人身上使用。(P18)
The meeting took place at 8：00 as planned.
按计划会议在八点召开了。
Great changes have taken place in China in the past 20 years.在过去20年里，中国发生了巨大变化。
break out/come about/happen/take place/occur
break out
意为“突然发生，爆发”，通常指战争、灾害、疾病等发生。
come about
表示“发生，出现，产生”，一般指事故的发生。
happen
表示“偶然发生，碰巧”，指事先没有计划地发生。
occur
指事情按计划发生或偶然发生。可用于具体的事物，也可用于抽象的事物。用于指具体事物时，可与happen互用但happen后接不定式时，不能与occur换用。
take place
常可与happen，occur换用(以具体事物作主语时)，但较多地指事情的发生不是偶然出现的，而是按意图、计划进行的，引申用法可表示举行、进行的意思。
　The war broke out in 1935.这场战争爆发于1935年。
Do you know how the accident came about?
你知道事故是怎样发生的吗？
What happened to you？你怎么了？
①The concert will ________ tomorrow.
A．be taken place B．take place
C．happen D．be happened
【解析】　take place，happen都没有被动语态，因此首先排除A、D两项，happen多指偶然发生，而音乐会的举行是计划好的事情，故选B。
【答案】　B
②It's already 10 o'clock.I wonder how it ________ that she was two hours late on such a short trip.
A．came over B．came out
C．came about D．came up
【解析】　句意：已经10点钟了。这么短的路程她却迟到了两个小时，我想知道它是如何发生的。come over顺便拜访；come out出现，出版；come about产生，发生；come up长出，发芽。根据句意，故选C。
【答案】　C
6．Not_only has aspirin proved vital for reducing fever and helping stop pain，but there are also other things that aspirin can help with.(教材P18)阿司匹林不仅被证明对于退烧、止痛必不可少，而且还有其他用途。
(1)句中not only...but also...意为“不但……而且……”。因not only放在句首，故其所在的分句使用了倒装结构。that aspirin can help with是定语从句，修饰other things.
Not only the students but also the teacher was against the plan.不但学生们反对这个计划，老师也反对。
We can watch the ceremony not only on TV but also through the Internet.我们不但可以从电视上观看开幕式，还可以通过网络来观看。
①not only A but also B＝B as well as A
②not only...but also...连接两个分句时，若not only位于句首，not only所在的分句要部分倒装，but also后面的分句不倒装。
③not only...but also...连接并列主语时，遵守“就近原则”。
④not only只能连用，而but also既可连用，也可分开用，also也可省略。
　Not only the students but also their teacher likes playing football.不仅学生，而且他们的老师也喜欢踢足球。
I not only play tennis but also practise shooting.
我不仅打网球，也练习射击。
完成句子
①约翰不但喜爱汉语，而且说得也很好。
Not only ________________ Chinese，________ he is also good at speaking it.
【答案】　does John love；but
单项填空
②The computer was used in teaching.As a result，not only________，but students became more interested in the lessons.
A．saved was teachers' energy
B．was teacher's energy saved
C．teachers' energy was saved
D．was saved teachers' energy
【解析】　not only...but(also)．..结构中，若它连接并列分句，且not only位于句首时，则not only后的分句要部分倒装。故选B。
【答案】　B
(2)vital adj.对……极重要的，必不可少的；致命的
The police play a vital role in our society.
警察在我们的社会中起着极其重要的作用。
It is vital to get the victim to the hospital at once.
把受害者立刻送到医院是至关重要的。
be vital for/to...对……极重要的/必不可少的
It is vital to do sth.做某事极其重要
It is vital that...……十分重要
　It is vital that a middle school student should learn English well.学好英语对中学生来说是十分重要的。
【提示】　在句型“It is vital that...”中从句谓语动词要用“(should＋)动词原形”的形式。
【对接高考】
(2012·安徽高考)Interest is as ________ to learning as the ability to understand，even more so.
A．vital B．available
C．specific D．similar
【解析】　考查形容词。句意：对于学习来说，兴趣如同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。根据句意可知，应用vital。be vital to...“对……极其重要”。
【答案】　A
完成句子
③对我们所有人而言能体谅别人是极其重要的。
Consideration for other people________________.
④对自己的孩子坦诚十分重要。
________________ with your children.
【答案】　③is vital to all of us　④It is vital to be honest
7．Lawrence Craven，a doctor from the USA，introduced the_idea in 1953 that aspirin had the potential to reduce the risk of heart attacks，because it helped the blood circulate better.(教材P18)美国医生劳伦斯·克雷文在1953年提出一个观点，即阿司匹林可能有助于降低心脏病发作的风险，因为它能改善血液循环。
(1)本句为主从复合句，that aspirin had the potential...the blood circulate better为that引导的同位语从句，该从句用于对idea进行解释说明，that仅起连接作用，没有具体词义，也不在从句中作成分。that引导的同位语从句中又包含because引导的原因状语从句。
He made a promise that he would come to see us as often as he could.他许诺说他会经常来看我们。
They have ruled out the possibility that the children were drowned.他们排除了孩子们溺水的可能性。
同位语从句用法说明：
①功能：对相关名词(多为表示抽象意义的名词)进行解释说明
②与名词的关系：同位关系
③从句引导词：that，what，which，who，when，where，why，how，whether
④后面常接同位语从句的名词：idea，fact，truth，belief，hope，news等
　【提示】　有时，同位语从句和它所说明的名词会被其他成分隔开，这种同位语从句叫做分隔式同位语从句。
The belief that things will get better is what keeps him moving on.支持他走下去的是情况会变好这一信念。
I have no idea whether he can make it to persuade her to go with us.我不知道他能否成功说服她跟我们一起去。
The question what we should do next has been worrying me all the time.下一步做什么这一问题一直令我担忧。
【对接高考】
(2013·浙江高考)The only way to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A．how B．that
C．which D．whether
【解析】　句意：要取得最高层次的成功，唯一的方法就是要完全相信在体育运动领域你比其他任何人都优秀。have total belief that...完全相信……，为固定句式。此处belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导，所以正确答案为B项。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①我不知道你在那儿。
I have no idea ________________。
②他没有回答他为什么迟到这个问题。
He didn't give the answer ________________.
【答案】　①that you were there　②why he was late
(2)potential n．可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能adj.潜在的，可能的(只可作前置定语)
As a teacher，we should realize students' potential.
作为老师，我们应该认识到学生的潜力。
First，we need to identify actual and potential problems.首先，我们需要弄清楚实际的问题和潜在的问题。
potential for(doing)sth.……的可能性/潜在性
have the potential to do sth.有潜力做某事
　He has the potential to become a world－class musician.他有潜力成为世界级的音乐家。
③Each child is unique and teachers should encourage each one to realize their ________.
A．power B．character
C．necessity D．potential
【解析】　句意：每个孩子都是独一无二的，教师们应该鼓励每个孩子发挥出他们的潜能。realize one's potential发挥某人的潜能。其余三个选项均不符合语境。
【答案】　D
8．carry out实施，执行，进行
However，in 1971，Smith and Willis from the UK proved that aspirin could have that effect，and in 1977 a study carried out in the USA showed that aspirin could prevent strokes，as well.(教材P18)但是，在1971年，英国医生史密斯和威利斯证实阿司匹林的确有此功效，并且在1977年，美国实施的一项研究表明，阿司匹林还能预防中风。
The astronauts have carried out the mission in space exploration successfully.
宇航员们已经成功地完成太空探索的使命。
Once a plan is made，it should be carried out no matter how difficult it is.
计划一旦制定了，不管多么难都要执行下去。
carry on继续进行，继续下去
carry away运转；使失去自制力
carry off赢得；获得(奖品)；夺走；成功地完成
carry through实现，完成；使渡过难关
　They carried on despite the difficult situations.
尽管条件艰难，他们仍然坚持下去。
Please carry on with your work.
请你继续工作吧。
Her confidence carried her through.
信心使她渡过了难关。
The disadvantage for us to ________ the interviews separately is that it ________ us a long time.
A．carry out；may take
B．carry on；must cost
C．carry away；might spend
D．carry off；can pay
【解析】　句意：对于我们来说，逐个进行面试的缺点是它可能要花费我们很长时间。carry out实施，进行，情态动词may表示“也许，可能”，故选A。
【答案】　A
9．In 1999，aspirin was over 100 years old，and yet there_have_been more discoveries about how it can help increase the length of people's lives.(教材P18)到1999年，阿司匹林已有一百多年的历史，但是在它如何能够帮助延年益寿方面仍然有更多的发现。
there be句型表示“某处有某人、某物或某事”。
The result is that today there are two “Irelands”．
结果是今天有两个“爱尔兰”。
There were many different kinds of dinosaur and a number of them used to live in China.过去有许多种类的恐龙并且为数很多的恐龙曾经生活在中国。
①句型There be＋n.＋v.－ing/v.－ed中v.－ing，v.－ed作主语补足语。如果名词与后面的分词存在主动关系，用v.－ing形式，如果是被动关系，则用v.－ed形式。
②there be之后如有几个并列主语时，用is还是are要取决于第一个主语是单数还是复数，单数用is，复数用are。
③常见的there be变化结构如下：
There happen(s)to be...碰巧有……
There stand(s)/live(s)/lie(s)/go(es)/remain(s)．..有……
There seem(s)to be...好像有……
There is likely to be...可能有……
There may(might)/must be...可能/肯定有……
There come(s)．..……来了/到了
④There be句式的非谓语动词形式：There being/There to be。
　There were more than ten thousand athletes and coaches participating in the 2012 London Olympic Games.
一万多名运动员和教练员参加了2012年伦敦奥运会。
There seems to be a bank around here.
附近好像有一家银行。
I never dreamed of there being such a good chance.
我从没有想到过会有这么好的一个机会。
用be动词的适当形式填空
①There ________ a book and two pens on his desk at that time.
②We teachers don't want there ________ any students staying in the classroom after school.
③There ________ no bus，we had to walk home.
【答案】　① was　②to be　③being
单项填空
④—Is everyone here?
—Not yet.Look，there________ the rest of our guests!
A．come B．comes
C．is coming D．are coming
【解析】　考查动词的时态和主谓一致。空处所在句子为倒装句，the rest of our guests作主语，谓语动词要用复数形式；此处叙述的又是现在的事实，所以用一般现在时。
【答案】　A
10．astonish vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊
It astonished him to see the bacteria surrounding the mould dead，which meant that the mould had killed them.(教材P19)令他十分惊讶的是，他发现这种霉周围的细菌都死了，这意味着这种霉杀死了它们。
It astonished me that no one had thought of it before.
让我吃惊的是，以前没有人想到这件事。
He astonished us by saying he was leaving.
他说他要离开，这令我们惊奇。
①astonish sb.使某人惊讶
②astonished adj.惊讶的，惊愕的；astonishing adj.令人吃惊的
be astonished at/by对……感到惊讶
③astonishment n．惊讶，吃惊
in/with astonishment惊奇地；惊愕地，惊讶地
to one's astonishment使某人惊讶的是
　To my astonishment，they seemed not astonished at all at the astonishing news，and I looked at them in astonishment.让我吃惊的是，他们听到这个令人惊讶的消息时似乎一点儿也不吃惊，我惊讶地看着他们。
用astonish的适当形式填空
①He was ________ to hear that she had got the job.
②We were ________ at what had happened.
③He expected the assistant to look at him in________.
④China has made ________ economic progress in the last 30 years.
【答案】　①astonished　②astonished　③astonishment
④astonishing
单项填空
⑤To my ________，he was not a little ________ at the news that he had won the first prize in the English speech contest，for he thought that he didn't perform so well.
A．astonishment；astonishing
B．astonished；astonishing
C．astonishment；astonished
D．astonish；astonishment
【解析】　考查astonish相关短语的用法。to one's astonishment“使某人感到惊讶的是”；be astonished at sth.“对某事感到惊讶”。
【答案】　C
11．try out 测试，试验；参加选拔
Fleming tried this mould out on another bacterium and found that it killed the bacterium too.(教材P19)弗莱明将这种霉用在另外一种细菌上做试验，发现它同样杀死了那种细菌。
The effect of the medicine has been tried out.
这种药的效果已经得到了检验。
They are trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。
try on试穿衣物
try for试图获得，力争赢得
try to do sth.尽力做某事
try doing sth.试着做某事
　Will you try on the coat？你要试穿这件外套吗？
Try doing the things you used to enjoy，such as reading or taking a walk in the park.尝试去做一些你过去很享受的事，比如阅读或者到公园去散步。
The idea sounds good，but we need to ________ in practice.
A．put it out B．try it out
C．take it out D．try it on
【解析】　句意：这个主意听起来不错，但是我们需要在实践中检验它。根据句中的关键词practice可知要用try out“试验，检验”。put out出版，熄灭； take out拿出；try on试穿。
【答案】　B
12．application n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷
He immediately realized that the mould might have an application in treating illnesses caused by bacteria.(教材P19)他立刻意识到，这种霉菌或许可应用于治疗由细菌导致的疾病。
This is the application of new technology to teaching.
这是新技术在教学上的应用。
He made an application to the manager for this post.
他向经理申请这个职位。
①an application to sb.for sth.为某事向某人作出的申请
②apply vi.申请，请求；适用vt.使用
apply to适用于
apply (to...)for...(向……)申请……
apply oneself to致力于，专心于
apply...to...把……运用于……
　These principles apply to learning foreign languages.
这些规则适用于学外语。
They will apply the money to building up a little library.他们将这笔钱用于建一个小图书馆。
Only when you ________ what you have learned to practice ________ say you have made it.
A．adapt；you can B．apply；can you
C．use；you can D．adopt；can you
【解析】　句意：只有当你把所学的知识应用到实践中，你才能说你学会了。apply...to...意为“把……应用到……上”；only＋状语从句放于句首，主句应使用部分倒装句式，故选B。
【答案】　B
13．unable adj.不能，无法
First was unable to find a procedure to make penicillin pure enough to work as a medicine.(教材P19)首先，他找不到让青霉素足够纯的步骤以使其作为药物来使用。
Mrs.Biggs is ill and will be unable to come here today.比格斯夫人病了，今天不能来这儿了。
She was so angry as to be unable to speak.
她气得连话都说不出来了。
①be unable to do sth.不能做某事
②able adj.能够，有能力的
be able to do sth.能够做某事
　
完成句子
①我很抱歉地通知你，我们无法向你提供这份工作。
I regret to inform you that we ________________ offer you the job.
②他是一位能干的律师。
He is an ________________ lawyer.
【答案】　①are unable to　②able
14．in large quantities大量地
In 1940，two other scientists，Howard Florey(Australian)and Ernst Chain(German－born English)，helped solve these problems，and managed to make and test the new drug in large quantities.(教材P19)在1940年，另外两位科学家，霍华德·福罗瑞(澳大利亚人)和恩斯特·柴恩(出生在德国的英国人)帮助解决了这些问题，成功地大量制造和测试这种新药物。
Buy vegetables in large quantities ，and you'll be given a very good discount.
如果你大批量地购买蔬菜可以打很多折扣。
Here it is necessary to prepare food rapidly in large quantities.在这儿，食物原料都是大批量准备的。
①a quantity of大量的；许多的
quantities of＋大量的；许多的
②in quantity大量地
quality n．质量
　A large quantity of beer has been sold in the past week.在过去的一个星期啤酒销售量很大。
Large quantities of food have been stored for the winter.为了过冬，大量的食品已经被储存起来。
【提示】　a quantity of/quantities of后面既可以接可数名词也可以接不可数名词，作主语时，其谓语动词的数应该与quantity的数保持一致。
用所给词的适当形式填空
①A large quantity of tools ________(be) sold in the market yesterday.
②Large quantities of rain ________(be)needed in this area.
【答案】　①was　②are
选词填空(quantity，quality)
③We should pay more attention to the ________，not just the ________，for the development of products.
【答案】　quality；quantity
单项填空
④—Why does the lake smell terrible?
—Because large quantities of water ________.
A．have polluted
B．is being polluted
C．has been polluted
D．have been polluted
【解析】　考查时态、语态及主谓一致。名词被quantities of修饰且作主语时，其谓语动词用复数形式，故B、C两项不正确；水是被污染的，所以需要用被动语态。故答案为D，现在完成时表示过去的动作(水被污染)或行为对现在造成的结果或影响(湖水的气味难闻)。
【答案】　D
15．Since the new drug was needed for World War Ⅱ，the government approval process for penicillin was accelerated，and mass production began in 1944.(教材P19)因为二战期间需要这种新药，所以政府审批青霉素的程序加快，并于1944年开始批量生产。
(1)approval n．[U，C]批准，通过；[U]赞成，同意
No approval needed.不需要批准。
They might be required information for the approval or rejection decision.
他们在决定审批或拒绝时可能需要这些信息。
①meet with one's approval得到某人的同意
give one's approval to批准……
②approve v．赞成，赞同；批准，认可
disapprove v．不赞成；不同意
approve/disapprove of(doing)sth.赞成/不赞成(做)某事
　Most of his advice failed to meet with his father's approval.他的大部分建议都没有得到他父亲的认可。
I don't really approve of children wearing makeup.
事实上，我不赞同儿童化妆。
完成句子
①我担心他们不会赞成你到那儿去。
I'm afraid they won't ________________.
②如果我的计划得不到批准，我的功夫就白费了。
If ________________，all my work will have wasted.
【答案】　①approve of your going there
②my plan isn't approved
单项填空
③Our leader approved ________ the conference.
A．me to attend B．for my attending
C．of me to attend D．of my attending
【解析】　本题考查approve的用法。approve of sb.'s doing赞成某人做某事，故选D。
【答案】　D
(2)mass adj.大规模的，数量极多的；n.[C]一团；一堆；许多；(物理)质量
The time appointed for the mass meeting was 9 a．m.
群众大会上午9点届时召开。
And in that time，there will be no global war，no mass starvation.到那时，将不再有全球性的战争，不再有众多的人挨饿。
a mass of/masses of许多
the mass of大多数
the masses群众
　There were masses of people in the shops yesterday.
昨天商店里人如潮涌。
The mass of the population could not afford such goods.大多数人买不起这类商品。
【提示】　“a mass of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词用单数；“masses of＋n.”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
④The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took ________ pictures of them.
A．many of B．masses of
C．the number of D．a large amount of
【解析】　many直接修饰可数名词复数，表示“很多”，接介词of时，表示部分，此时名词前要用定冠词the，故A不可选。the number of表示“……的数量”，故C不可选。a large amount of用来修饰不可数名词，故D也不可选。本题选B。
【答案】　B
16．If penicillin had_not_been available，many people would_have_died from sickness or even small wounds.(教材P19)如果没有青霉素，很多人会死于疾病，甚至很小的伤口。
本句使用了虚拟语气，表示与过去事实相反的假设。从句用had done，主句用would/could/might＋have done。
If you had come ten minutes earlier，you would have known what we were talking about.如果你早十分钟过来，你就会知道我们在谈论什么了。
If you had come yesterday，you would have met her.
如果你昨天来的话，你就碰见她了。
不同虚拟条件下，虚拟条件句主、从句的谓语形式：
①虚拟过去：条件从句谓语形式为had done，结果主句谓语形式为would/could/should/might have done
②虚拟现在：从句谓语形式为did(be动词通常用were)，主句谓语形式为would/could/should/might do
③推测将来：从句谓语形式为did/should do/were to do，主句谓语形式为would/could/should/might do
　If I knew the answer to all your questions，I would be a genius.我要是能回答你所有的问题，我就是天才了。(虚拟现在)
The flood might have caused great damage to the people if we hadn't built so many reservoirs.倘若我们没有修建这么多的水库，洪水就会使人民遭受巨大损失了。(虚拟过去)
If she were to marry Jack，she would be happy.
如果嫁给杰克，她会幸福的。(推测将来)
【提示】　虚拟条件句的条件从句中若含有were，had，should，可以把if省去，并把were，had，should放在主语之前构成倒装结构。如：
Were it necessary，I might resign.
如果需要的话，我可以辞职。
Should I have time，I would call on her.
要是有时间，我就去看她。
【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考)If we________a table earlier, we wouldn't be standing here in a queue.
A．have booked B．booked
C．book D．had booked
【解析】　句意：如果我们早订张桌子的话，我们就不会站在这儿排队了。根据语境可知，此处是if引导的虚拟条件句，从句叙述的是与过去事实相反的情况，因为“我们没有早订桌子”，谓语动词用had done；而主句叙述的是与现在事实相反的情况，“现在我们正站着排队”。故正确答案为D项。
【答案】　D
完成句子
①如果我再年轻10岁，我会从头开始。
If I ________________ ten years younger，I ________________ all over again.
②如果明天天气好，我们会去爬山。
________________ the weather be good tomorrow，we ________________ climbing.
③如果你早听了我的建议，你考试就能通过了。
________________ my advice，you ________________ the exams.
【答案】　①were；would start　②Should；would go　③If you had taken/Had you taken；would not have failed in/would have passed
17．However，these traditional medicines had the potential of either causing people to bleed or have a severe stomach upset，or they were too weak to_be_effective.(教材P21)然而，这些传统药物有可能让人出血或引起严重的胃部不适，或者药力太弱发挥不了作用。
(1)句中too weak to be effective属于“too...to...”结构，该结构在此表示“太……而不能……”，该结构用法说明：

The time is too short for us to go to that city.
时间太短了，我们去不了那座城市。(不定式的逻辑主语是us)
She was too short to reach the apples on the table.
她太矮了，够不着桌子上的苹果。(不定式的逻辑主语是she)
“too...to...” 结构表示肯定意义的常见情况：
①too后跟ready，eager，willing，pleased，glad，anxious等表示心情、心理活动/状态或倾向性的形容词时
②too前有but，only，all等副词对其进行修饰时
③否定词not，never等用在too前时
　He is too willing to pay his grandfather a visit with his mother.他很乐意跟妈妈一块儿去看他外公。
They are too ready to sacrifice everything to save their son's life.为救儿子的生命他们愿意作出任何牺牲。
You can't be too careful to do your homework.
你做作业越细心越好。
①—Jim is ________ ready to help me.
—Surely he is.But that doesn't mean you can ________ him once you have a problem.
A．enough；stick to B．too；turn to
C．so；appeal to D．very；come to
【解析】　句意：“吉姆非常乐意帮助我。”“他的确是，但这并不意味着你一有问题就可以向他求助。”too ready to do sth.乐意做某事，too...to...结构中，too后接ready时，该结构表示肯定意义。turn to sb.向某人求助。
【答案】　B
②At no time does the saleswoman get up late in the morning，for she is always too busy ________ a good rest.
A．to take B．taking
C．took D．taken
【解析】　句意：那个女售货员每天都起得很早，因为她一直都很忙，没时间好好休息一下。too...to...表示“太……而不能……”，符合句意和句子结构的要求。
【答案】　A
(2)effective adj.有效的；实际的；生效的
Second，it was difficult to produce penicillin in the ample quantities needed to be effective.
第二，很难生产出有效需求的大量青霉素。
These measures were effective in helping the patient recover.这些措施能有效地帮助病人恢复。
He has now taken effective control of the country.
事实上，他目前已经控制了这个国家。
①effect n．作用，效果
have an effect on对……有影响
come into effect生效；开始实行
put... into effect使……生效
②affect v．影响
　The new law will come into effect at the start of September.新的法令将在九月初开始生效。
用effect，affect和effective填空
③The plan for protecting the endangered animals will soon be put into ________.
④The local government has already taken some ________ measures to develop the country without damaging the ecosystem.
⑤It is said that parents' quarrel can ________ their child's health.
【答案】　③effect　④effective　⑤affect
18．pick out认出，辨别出，精心挑选
Dr Hoffman was able to pick out one of these traditional medicines and make it more beneficial.霍夫曼博士能辨别出这些传统药物中的一种并能使之更有益。
See if you can pick me out in this photo.
看你能不能从这张照片中把我认出来。
She was picked out from dozens of applicants for the job.她从大批的求职者中被选出来做这个工作。
pick off剪除，去除
pick out精心挑选，辨认出
pick up学会；好转，增强；接，搭载；拿起，捡起；听到，接收；(廉价)买到
　
单项填空
①It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly ________ my friend.
A．turn out B．bring out
C．call out D．pick out
【解析】　句意：电影院里太黑了，因此我很难辨认出我朋友。pick out认出，辨认出，符合语境。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
②我为他精心挑选了一件生日礼物。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　I picked out a birthday gift for him.
19．For example，Alexander Fleming was not looking for penicillin ，but was doing research on something else.(教材P21)例如，亚历山大·弗莱明并没有在寻找青霉素，而是在其他事物上面做研究。
句子含有not...but...结构，该结构意为“不是……而是……”，用于连接两个并列成分，如名词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、v.ing、分句等。如：
I got it wrong.It wasn't the red one but the blue one.我弄错了。不是红的那个，而是蓝的那个。
Not he but his brother is to blame.
该受责备的是他弟弟而不是他。
【提示】　not...but...连接的并列成分作主语时，谓语应与but后的成分在人称和数上保持一致。
完成句子
①从他的身上，我意识到成功的秘密不是由你的出生时间、地点决定的而是由你在生活中的所作所为以及你处理事情的方式决定的。
From him，I realize the secret to success is ________ when or where you were born，________ what you are doing and how you do it in your life.
【答案】　not；but
单项填空
②It is often said that the joy of travelling is ________ in arriving at your destination ________ in the journey itself.
A．不填；but B．不填；or
C．nor；or D．not；but
【解析】　not...but...“不是……而是……”，连接两个并列成分。句意：人们常说，旅游的快乐不在于你所到达的地方而在于旅程本身。
【答案】　D
20．Since it was abnormal for mould to be in that lab dish，something must_have_gone wrong.(教材P21)对于在实验室里的那个碟子里的霉菌来说是不正常的，所以一定是某些东西变坏了。
must have gone wrong 属于“情态动词＋have done”结构，must have done意为“一定做了某事”，表示对过去的肯定情况把握较大的推测。如：
You must have taken my book by mistake.
你一定是错拿了我的书。
He seems very nervous；something must have happened to him.他看起来非常紧张，一定出什么事了。
①表示推测
must have done sth.一定做了……，用于肯定句
may/might have done sth.可能已经做了……，多用于肯定句
could have done sth.可能已经做了……，用于肯定句或疑问句
can have done sth.可能已经做了……，用于疑问句或否定句
②表示责备或惋惜之情
ought to/should have done sth.本应该做……(却没有做)
could/might have done sth.本能/本可以做……(却没有做)
oughtn't to/shouldn't have done sth.本不该做……(却做了)
③needn't have done sth.本不需要做某事而做了
　【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)Since nobody gave him any help, he________have done the research on his own.
A．can B．must
C．would D．need
【解析】　分析主从句逻辑关系，主句是对从句表达的原因的一种猜测，must have done想必/准是/一定做过某事，符合主从句之间的逻辑关系。本题句意为“既然没人给他帮忙，那他肯定是自己做的研究”。can have done用于疑问句或否定句中，表示对过去情况的推测；would have done表示过去将来完成时或用于虚拟语气中；need have done通常用于否定句和疑问句中，表示“本不必做某事却做了”。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①Since the ground is white it ________________(snow) last night.
②It is cold in the room.They ________________ (turn) off the steam.
③You shouldn't have been following him so closely；you ________________(keep)your distance.
④—Why didn't he come to the party last night?
—He ________________ (not want)to see me.
【答案】　①must have snowed　②must have turned　③should have kept　④might not have wanted
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，充分理解连系动词的概念及用法。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
?导入新课。?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
??
　　　　　?
??
1．On_arriving_at the hospital reception，we saw there were a lot of people there.(教材P23)一到达医院的挂号处，我们发现那儿有好多人。
On doing 表示“一……就……”，这里的on也可以换成upon，这种“on/upon＋doing/名词”的形式相当于as soon as引导的时间状语从句，强调一个动作一发生，另一个动作便也立即发生。
On his arrival/arriving at the airport he was greeted by the Prime Minister.
他一到达机场便受到总理的欢迎。
表示“一……就……”的词(组)还有：as soon as，the moment，the instant，the minute，the second，instantly，immediately，directly，no sooner...than...，hardly...when...，scarcely...when/before等。
　No sooner had I got into the car than I heard a man call my name.我刚一进小汽车，就听到一个人叫我的名字。
—Did you remember to give Mary the money you owed her?
—Yes，on________ her I gave it to her.
A．see　　　　　　　　B．seeing
C．looking D．look at
【解析】　考查固定短语。“on/upon＋名词/doing”表示“一……就……”，see表示“看”的结果，故选B。
【答案】　B
2．wear sb.out使筋疲力尽；使厌烦
Today I feel worn out.(教材P25)今天我感到很疲惫。
The kids are always making noise and they have totally worn me out.孩子们总是吵闹，简直把我烦透了。
You'll wear yourself out if you carry on working so hard.你要是继续这样拼命工作，身体会吃不消的。
wear(sth.)out穿破；用坏
worn out(指人)疲惫不堪的，(指物)破烂不堪的
wear away(因重复使用)磨光，磨平
wear well耐穿，耐磨，耐用
　He wore out two pairs of shoes this summer.
今年夏天他穿坏了两双鞋。
The overall wears well.这种工作服很耐穿。
【语境促记】
________after a long walk，Mike called and said he couldn't come to the party.
A．Having worn out B．Wearing out
C．To be worn out D．Worn out
【解析】　句意：经过长距离的步行，迈克筋疲力尽，他打电话过来，说他不能来参加晚会了。wear out使筋疲力尽，与Mike是动宾关系，所以此处用过去分词作状语，表示被动和完成。
【答案】　D
3．take part in参加活动
This morning，I took part in a debate about medicine and exercise.(教材P25)今天上午，我参加了一个以医药和锻炼为话题的辩论。
When you take part in any performance，you get out as much as you put in.当你参加任何活动时，你投入多少力量就会得到多少收获。
Many students take an active part in the sports meeting.很多学生积极参加了运动会。
take part in/join/join in/attend
take part in
后接某项活动，强调参与其中并发挥作用，表示“积极参加”时，要与不定冠词连用，即take an active part in。
join
表示参加(某个组织、团体)并成为其中的一员，宾语常见的有party，army，team，club等。
join in
经常替代take part in，表示参加某项活动，指娱乐性的活动。join in还可作不及物动词词组，表示“参加”。
attend
“出席；参加”，常指出席会议、典礼等，也可指上学、上课、听报告等。
　
根据汉语提示完成短文
①我加入了这个俱乐部，参加了它的娱乐活动，和其他成员在一起，参加了演讲讲座，并积极加入到它的公众援助活动中去，我想我过着活跃的生活。
I ________ the club，________ its entertainment games，together with other members，________ the speech，and ________________ its public aid，and I think I have an active life.
【答案】　joined；joined in；attended；took an active part in
单项填空
②My sister________ the army for more than five years.
A．has joined B．has taken part in
C．has been in D．has joined in
【解析】　考查词义、短语的辨析。B、D两项的宾语是“某活动”，故排除；而A项是非延续性动词，其后不与for的时间段短语连用，只有C项符合。
【答案】　C
4．be aware of知道；意识到
In fact，he doesn't really think medicine is bad，but he believes we should be aware of the problems it can cause.(教材P25)事实上，他并不是真的认为药不好，而是他认为我们应意识到药所带来的问题。
If you have any problems，you should make me aware of them.如果你有什么问题，应该让我知道。
Everyone should be aware of his rights and responsibilities.人人都应该明白自己的权利和责任。
①be aware that...明白……；意识到……
make sb.aware of...让某人知道……
as far as I'm aware据我所知
②unaware adj.没有发觉的，不知道的；awareness n．意识，认知，了解
　Are you aware that there is something wrong with the computer？你知道这台电脑出故障了吗？
It's important that students develop an awareness of how the Internet can be used.
重要的是学生逐渐懂得如何使用互联网。
【提示】　(1)aware常用作表语或补足语，通常不作定语。
(2)aware的修饰语通常用well或quite，表示“很，非常”，而不用very。
用aware的适当形式填空(必要时，加适当的介词或连词)
①She was no longer ________________ the people around her，only of herself and the storm.
②We should educate young people to be environmentally ________________.
③Were you ________________ Joe had this problem with his knee?
④She was ________________ being watched by a tall dark figure.
⑤It is an expression of the child's experience at several levels，especially an ________________ a love of nature.
【答案】　①aware of　②aware　③aware (that)
④aware of　⑤awareness of
5．applaud vt. & vi.鼓掌；称赞，赞许
People stayed silent and listened to us，and applauded at the end.(教材P25)人们静静地听我们(辩论)并在最后鼓掌。
Everyone applauded when the play ended.
当戏剧结束的时候大家都鼓起掌来。
I applauded your decision.我赞成你的决定。
①applaud sb./sth.for sth.因……而称赞/赞赏某人/某事
②applause n．[U]鼓掌；喝彩；称赞
a round of applause一阵掌声
　I applauded her for having the courage to refuse.
我赞赏她敢于拒绝。
The band got a big round of applause at the end of the concert.音乐会结束时，乐队赢得了一阵热烈的掌声。
完成句子
①观众为这位歌唱家鼓掌喝彩达三分钟。
The audience ________________ for three minutes.
【答案】　applauded the singer
单项填空
②The hero ________ as he came on stage to make a report.
A．applauded B．was applauded
C．has applauded D．has been applauded
【解析】　句意：那位英雄上台作报告时人们为他鼓掌。根据从句时态可知主句应用一般过去时；主语hero与applaud之间应为被动关系，故选B。
【答案】　B
①She remained silent all night，and we all worried about her.
②The book lay open on the desk.
③He may appear a fool，but actually he's quite clever.
④It seems as if he has lost interest in his new job again.
⑤What he says sounds reasonable.
⑥This kind of cloth feels very soft.
⑦Since she eats a lot every day，she is becoming fatter and fatter.
⑧The machine went wrong.Let's have it repaired.
⑨The search proved difficult.
⑩His plan turned_out a success.
[自我总结]　1.有些连系动词表示主语________，比如，练习①、②。
2．有些连系动词属于________，比如，练习③、④。
3．有些连系动词是与五种感觉器官相关的，被叫做________，比如，练习⑤、⑥。
4．有些连系动词表示主语________________，比如，练习⑦、⑧。
5．有些连系动词表示________，比如，练习⑨、⑩。
【答案】　某种状态的持续；表象系动词；感官系动词；从一种状态进入另一种状态；得到某种结果
连系动词
连系动词本身有词汇意义，但不能单独构成动词词组，它后面必须带有表语(如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、不定式、动名词、过去分词或从句等)形成所谓“系表结构”。有一些行为动词可以充当半连系动词，后面常接形容词作表语。
一、连系动词的种类
1．“状态持续”类系动词
这类系动词表示主语某种状态的持续。常见的有：remain(依然)，keep (保持)，stay(保持)，lie(处于……状态)等。如：
I don't think we can stay friends.
我认为我们不能做朋友了。
Snow was lying thick on the ground.
厚厚的积雪覆盖着大地。
2．“主观判断”类系动词
这类系动词包括seem(似乎是)，appear(似乎，显得)，prove(证明是)，turn out(结果是，证明是)。如：
In the eyes of our grandparents，his painting seemed absurd.在我们的祖父母看来，他的画似乎是荒唐可笑的。
The opposition proved too strong for him.
对手过于强劲，使他难以招架。
3．“感觉”类系动词
这类系动词是与五种感觉器官相关的动词。常见的有：look(看起来)，feel(摸上去)，smell(闻起来)，taste(尝起来)，sound(听起来)等。
These flowers smell very sweet.这些花闻起来很香。

4．“状态变化”类系动词
这类系动词表示主语从一种状态进入另一种状态。常见的有：become，turn，grow，go，come，fall，get等。如：
Our state is getting stronger and stronger.
我们的国家变得越来越强大了。
The weather has turned cold and windy.
天气变得寒冷多风。
二、使用连系动词应注意的几点
1．系动词后接形容词作表语时，表明事物或人的状态，无被动语态。除表示人的身体目前状态外，均不用进行时态，常用一般现在时或一般过去时的主动语态形式。
The surface of the table feels smooth.
这桌子表面摸起来很光滑。
He's not feeling well this morning.
今天早上他感觉不太舒服。
2．有些连系动词后接形容词作表语时，还可以表示事物或人的变化过程，可用于进行时态。
The days are getting colder and colder.
天变得越来越冷了。
3．某些连系动词与形容词之间有固定的搭配。
get ill/angry
come true
go mad/hungry/wrong/blind
make certain/sure/ready
stand still
appear calm
look well/young/tired
prove correct
fall asleep
turn yellow/green/red
get excited/married/wet
4．有些连系动词如seem，appear，prove可以和to be连用，to be常被省略。
She appeared(to be)happy at the news.
听到这个消息她好像很高兴。
The rumour proved (to be) false.
这个传闻原来是假的。
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．理解课文，掌握本学案中所给出的词汇并能熟练运用。
2．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
3．能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法并给出学生认为合理的建议。
4．掌握写广播稿的方法。
●教学地位
本课时的主要内容是Project所提供的关于“Magic needles: Chinese acupuncture”的文章，要求学生了解中国的针灸学源远流长；写广播稿是高考作文中以及日常生活中常见的一种应用文体。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
问题导入法：How much do you know about Chinese medicine? In this period, let's know something about Chinese magic needles－ Chinese Acupuncture.
●教学流程设计
检查上堂课布置的作业。? 导入新课。?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
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?让学生做“课时作业”。?
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P30－31课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Acupuncture is the use of needles to treat people's health problems.(　　)
2．An acupuncturist will check pulses because this can help him/her find out which energy channel doesn't have enough blood.(　　)
3．Acupuncture can treat severe pains，headaches，injuries，stomach problems，high blood pressure except addiction to cigarettes，drugs and alcohol.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.F　3.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P30－31课文，选择最佳答案
1．When did the acupuncture begin?
A．During the Tang Dynasty.
B．1,000 years ago.
C．During the Stone Age.
2．How many kinds of needles were there before?
A．Twelve.　　B．Nine.　　 C．Six.
3．How many points were there when acupuncture was first practiced?
A．360.　　B．365.　　C．2,200.
4．Which of the following is not true?
A．In the 6th century，acupuncture spread to the West.
B．Some people use acupuncture to treat alcoholics.
C．Many people now support the acupuncture theories.
【答案】　1.C　2.B　3.B　4.A
1．Will you need to change the information or will you use it as_it_is？(教材P26)你需要改变信息还是按原样使用？
I can't help—I've got too much to do as it is.
我帮不了忙——我已经有太多的工作要做了。
I thought he would get better.As it is，he is getting worse.我认为他会变好。但事实上，他愈变愈糟。
as it is的含义及用法：(1)照现状，看样子；(2)实际上，事实上
在as it is结构中，也可用其他形式的代词和be动词，如as they are(were)，as she is(was)。
　At court you must state the facts as they are.
在法庭上你必须如实地陈述事实。
完成句子
①该节目原原本本地记录了整个事故的过程。
This programme recorded the whole accident ________________________.
②别去动那些文件。
Leave the papers ________________________.
【答案】　①as it was　②as they are
2．arrangement n．排列，布置；(常用复数)安排；约定，协议
adjusting lighting arrangements(教材P27)调整照明设施
What exactly are the arrangements for the wedding?
婚礼到底是如何安排的？
I'll make arrangements for you to be met at the airport.我会安排人到机场接你。
①make arrangements for为……做准备
come to an arrangement达成协议
②arrange vt. & vi.安排；vt.筹备；整理
arrange(for sb.)to do sth.安排(某人)做某事
arrange sth.for sb.为某人安排某事
　We finally came to an arrangement over the price.
我们最终就价格问题达成协议。
I've arranged for a window cleaner to come on Thursday.我已经安排好一个窗户清洁工星期四来。
完成句子
①我已安排他跟她见面。
I have arranged ________________ her.
②据说他们已经为假期作了安排。
It is said that they have already ________________ their vacation.
【答案】　①for him to meet　②made arrangements for
单项填空
③We're trying to come to a(n)________ about who should pay the legal fees.
A．contribution　　　　　　　　B．expectation
C．arrangement D．situation
【解析】　句意：我们试图达成一个关于谁应支付法律费用的协议。come to an arrangement意为“达成协议”。
【答案】　C
3．let out放出；发出；放大(衣服)；泄露
...and a needle like a small sword，used for letting liquid out of body parts which had swollen up...(教材P30)形似小剑的针，用于将液体从身体的肿胀部位导出……
Every time she moved her leg，she let out a scream.
她每动一下腿，就发出一声尖叫。
If the fuel is burnt，heat is let out.
燃料如果被燃烧，就放出热量。
let alone不打扰；更不用说
let down把……放下来；使……失望
let in放进
let go放开，释放
　Please come and support me.Don't let me down.
请来支持我，不要让我失望。
Open the window and let in some fresh air.
打开窗户，让新鲜空气进来。
These trousers are too tight.I'm going to ________.
A．let it out B．let out it
C．let them out D．let out them
【解析】　句意：裤子太紧，我将把它们改大。trousers为复数名词，应用them代替，代词应放在动词与副词之间。
【答案】　C
4．addicted adj.上瘾；入迷
Some people have also used acupuncture to treat smokers，alcoholics and people who are addicted to drugs.(教材P31)有些人也用针刺疗法来治疗吸烟者、酗酒者以及吸毒者。
His son is addicted to computer games.
她的儿子对电脑游戏入了迷。
He is addicted to drinking.他饮酒成瘾。
①be/become addicted to沉迷于……；迷上……
②addict vt.使上瘾；n.有瘾的人
addict oneself to...沉溺于……，醉心于……
③addiction n．上瘾；入迷
an addiction to...……的瘾
④addictive adj.使人上瘾的
　Li Ming is a game addict，and his parents have been trying to prevent him from being addicted to computer games which are very addictive.李明是一个游戏迷，他父母一直试图让他不要沉迷于让人上瘾的电脑游戏。
完成句子
①他吸毒成瘾，使得他的家人非常伤心。
His ____________ drugs caused his family much grief.
②那个小男孩是个侦探小说迷。
The little boy is ________________ detective novels.
【答案】　①addiction to　②addicted to reading
5．relate vt.& vi.系，把……联系起来；叙述，讲述
Another theory relates acupuncture to the production of chemicals in the body which reduce pain.(教材P31)另外一种理论则将针刺疗法和人体内减痛化学物质的产生联系起来。
I found it difficult to relate the two ideas in my mind.
我觉得很难把这两种想法联系在一起。
She relates her childhood experiences in the first chapters.在开头的几章中，她描述了自己童年的经历。
①relate A to B把A与B联系起来
relate to sth./sb.与……有关，涉及……
②relation n．关系；亲戚
in relation to关于；与……相比较
③related adj.相关的；有亲戚的
be related to与……有关
　We offer courses that relate English literature to other subjects.我们开设了一些课程，将英国文学和其他科目联系起来。
I have some comments to make in relation to this matter.关于这件事我有几点看法。
It was said that he might be ________ with the murder.
A．related B．connecting
C．connected D．relating
【解析】　句意：据说他可能与这起谋杀案有关。be connected with和be related to两者的意思均为“与……有关”。
【答案】　C
6．subscribe to同意，赞成；订阅
A lot of people now subscribe to these theories.(教材P31)现在很多人认同这些理论。
No one will subscribe to such views.
没有人会同意这样的观点。
If you subscribe to the newspaper，it'll be delivered to your door.如果你订阅报纸，它会送货上门的。
表示“同意，赞成”的短语还有：be for，approve of，be in favor of。
　
Jack doesn't ________ the belief ________ people are basically good.
A．submit to；that B．subscribe to；that
C．contribute to；which D．admit to；which
【解析】　句意：杰克不同意“人之初，性本善”这种看法。belief后为同位语从句，是对belief的进一步解释，引导词在从句中不作成分也无实际意义故用that，可排除C、D两项。submit to“服从，听任”；subscribe to“同意，赞成”；contribute to“有助于”；admit to“承认”。
【答案】　B
7．Today acupuncture has become popular round the world，as have other traditional Chinese medicines.(教材P31)今天针灸在全世界非常流行，其它传统的中药也是如此。
as此处相当于so，放在句首，句子用部分倒装，表示前面的情况也适用于后一种情况。
She is tall，as is her daughter.
她个子很高，她女儿也是一样。
If Dick can finish the work on time，as/so can I.
如果迪克能按时完成工作，那我也能。
完成句子
①He sings perfectly，________________(他的弟弟唱得也很好)．
②—Some of them are not satisfied with the result.
—________________(汤姆也是如此)．
【答案】　①so does his brother　②Nor/Neither is Tom
单项填空
③He hasn't been there；________ he want to go there.
A．so has B．so does
C．neither has D．neither does
【解析】　句意：他没有去过那里，他也不想去那里。由题意可知D项正确。
【答案】　D
8．recommend vt.推荐，介绍；建议，劝告
The World Health Organization recommends acupuncture as a good treatment for over forty medical problems.(教材P31)世界卫生组织把它作为40多种疾病的良好治疗方法向人们推荐。
He will recommend you for the job.
他会推荐你做这个工作。
He recommended reading the book before seeing the movie.他建议先看这本书，然后再去看电影。
recommend sb.sb./sth.＝recommend sb./sth.to sb.向某人推荐……
recommend sb.(for/as sth.)推荐某人(担任……)
recommend doing sth.建议做某事
recommend sb.to do sth.建议某人做某事
It is recommended that...建议(that)从句中用虚拟语气，谓语动词(should)＋动词原形
　I recommended him to see a lawyer.我建议他去找律师。
It is strongly recommended that the machines (should)be checked every year.建议机器每年检修一次。
单句改错
①Lucy recommended that we could turn to our teacher for help.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
②I need someone to take charge of the department；could you please recommend one for me?
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①could?should或删除could　②for?to
单项填空
③The doctor recommended that you ________ swim after eating a large meal.
A．wouldn't B．couldn't
C．needn't D．shouldn't
【解析】　句意：医生建议你饱餐之后不要游泳。recommend在此表示“建议”，它后面所接的宾语从句须用虚拟语气，即从句谓语形式为“(should＋)动词原形”。故选D。
【答案】　D
如何写广播稿
写广播稿时通常要注意以下几点：
一、通俗口语化
广播稿是要用耳朵听的，因此语言要明白易懂，这就要求写“话”而不是写“文”。
1．多用短句，少用或不用长句。
2．少用方言，尽量不用群众不熟悉的简化词或简称。
3．少用单音词、书面词汇和文言词汇。把单音词改成双音词；书面语改成口头语；文言词改用白话；音同字不同的词要改换。
4．不宜用小括号、破折号、省略号，那些表示否定含义的引号也尽量不用，改用“所谓的”。
二、结构简洁明了
　广播稿由于受到时间的限制，更要注意简洁明了。
1．突出句子的主干，不滥用不必要的附加成分。
2．用准确的词贴切地表达要说的意思，不说空话、套话。
3．不用倒装句，不用倒叙和插叙。广播稿的叙事，一般是按事情的发展顺序，因为这样符合人们的听力习惯。
三、生动活泼
1．采用多种写作方法，避免单调乏味。
2．句式富于变化，运用设问、排比等句式，使文章有文采；适当选择主动句、被动句、肯定句、否定句等句式使文章有感染力。
3．具体的事例比抽象的议论更能吸引听众的注意力。
四、主题单一集中
　开头要吸引听众，主体要设计悬念，结尾要不落俗套。
五、音调和谐
广播稿的语调要互相交错、配合得当，这样读起来才会抑扬顿挫，悦耳动听。
假如你是学校广播站的工作人员，在经过调查之后，写一篇关于近视的广播稿。
[思路点拨]
本文是一篇广播稿，所以要体现广播稿的特征：语言要通俗易懂；结构要简洁明了，叙述要按照事情的发展顺序来写才能符合人们的听力习惯。
[词汇热身]
1．调查，研究________
2．近视________
3．采访________
4．识别；鉴定________
5．除了……之外________
6．眼保健操________
【答案】　1.investigate　2.shortsightedness　3.interview
4．identify　5.apart from　6.eye exercises
[句式温习]
1．我们正要调查一个问题——近视，近视现今对于中国青少年来说很普遍。
We are investigating a problem—shortsightedness，________________ very common among Chinese teenagers today.
2．医生强烈建议他们(学生们)也不应该在光线暗的情况下躺在床上看书。
The doctor strongly suggested that they should not ____________________ with poor lighting as well.
3．他们双方都已经采取了保护视力的措施，比方说让学生定时地向窗外看一下。
They both have ________________________ students' eyesight such as asking students to look out of the window at regular intervals.
4．我希望通过我们的调查让你对近视问题引起注意，并且对你有所帮助。
I hope our investigation might ________________ to the problem and be helpful for you.
【答案】　1.which is　2.read in bed　3.taken steps/measures to protect　4.draw your attention
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Good morning，everyone.This is David at the school radio station.We are investigating a problem—shortsightedness，which is very common among Chinese teenagers today.We have interviewed a doctor in our city about what parents and students can do to protect students' eyesight.The doctor strongly suggested that every year students' eyes should be tested to identify any problem，and they should not read in bed with poor lighting as well.Apart from this，we've also made a survey on the measures they take in No.1 and No.9 Secondary Schools.They both have taken steps to protect students' eyesight such as asking students to look out of the window at regular intervals，changing types of paper and advising them to do eye exercises both at school and at home.I hope our investigation might draw your attention to the problem and be helpful for you.Thank you for listening.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________adj.对……极重要的，必不可少的
2．________n．可能性，潜在性；潜力，潜能；adj.潜在的，可能的
3．________vi. & vt.循环；传播，散布；传递，传阅
4．________adj.不正常的，反常的
5．________adj.不能，无法
6．________vt. & vi.(使)加速，加快
7．________adj.大规模的；数量极多的；n.一团，一堆；许多；(物理)质量
8．________ vi.& vt.鼓掌；称赞，赞许
9．________adj.锋利的；急剧的；灵敏的；尖锐的，严厉的
10．________n．现象
11．________ adj.合理的，有理由的；公道的；明智的
12．________n．排列，布置；安排；约定，协议
13．________vi.定期订购或订阅
14．________n．批准， 通过； 赞成， 同意
15．________adj.有效的； 实际的，事实上的； 生效的
【答案】　1.vital　2.potential　3.circulate　4.abnormal　5.unable　6.accelerate　7.mass　8.applaud　9.sharp　10.phenomenon　11.reasonable　12.arrangement　13.subscribe　14.approval　15.effective
B．词汇拓展
16．________adj.有益的，有用的?________n．利益，好处v.有助于，受益
17．________vt.拥有，具有?________n．[C，常用复数]所有物；财产[U]具有，拥有
18．________vt.使十分惊讶，使吃惊?________adj.吃惊的?________adj.令人吃惊的?________n．惊讶，吃惊
19．________n．应用，运用；申请，申请表；涂抹，外敷?________vi.申请vt.应用；涂，敷?________n．申请人
20．________adj.上瘾；入迷?________vt.使沉溺，使上瘾n.入迷的人，有瘾的人?________n