【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版选修七教师用书Unit 4　Public transport

Unit 4　Public transport
【美文阅读】　
Who invented the traffic signal?
1868年12月10日，由英国机械师德·哈特设计的一盏红、绿两色的煤气交通信号灯是城市街道的第一盏信号灯。它的出现使城市交通大为改善，也为后来交通信号灯的完善奠定了基础。
Traffic lights had been in use even before cars were invented.In those days，people used horses，wagons(四轮马车)and other means of transport. But the traffic was still horrible. So in 1868 in London, England, traffic policemen came up with a basic device: A lantern with two lights－red and green.Green stood for “caution”and red for“stop”．A policeman would turn the lights regularly with a lever (控制杆). Unfortunately this early traffic light proved unsafe. One model exploded a year later and hurt the operator.
Things made a turn for the worse when cars were invented. Some people were using new cars，and others were still riding horses, wagons or bicycles. They all shared the same roads and streets with pedestrians(行人). A lot of accidents took place as a result.A traffic police officer named William L. Potts.from Detroit, Michigan knew something had to be done.He designed a traffic signal device that could serve four－way streets. He used three colors—red, yellow and green. He put the signals together with electric controls and wires. In 1920, he had it installed on the Michigan Avenue－Woodward corner street.There were the first automatic traffic signals. Detroit police went on to add fourteen more of these in twelve months.
【诱思导学】　
1．What did the two colors—green and red stand for in the lantern device came up with the London traffic police?
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why did a lot of accidents take place when cars were invented at the very beginning?
________________________________________________________________________
3．When was the signal device designed by William L．Potts first put into practice?
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.Green stood for“caution”and red for“stop”．
2．Because the people who were using new cars，riding horses，wagons or bicycles shared the same roads and streets with pedestrians(行人)．　3.In 1920.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课就课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元的话题是“Public transport”，而本单元的第一篇文章“The first underground in the world”让学生了解地铁的发展历史以及发展背景，认识到地铁在交通发展史中的重要地位。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
利用精美的图片展示北京地铁的有关情况，让学生初步了解有关早期的地铁相关知识，认识到地铁在我们日常生活中的作用和意义。
●教学流程设计
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?师生共同讨论并统一答案。?
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Ⅰ.篇章结构
Title：The first underground in the world
Cause
The vehicles on the road that 1.________ people to and around the city centre caused 2.________ traffic jams，which led to the development of the underground system.
Development
·In 1854，an underground railway was decided to be built between Paddington and Farringdon.
·In 1863，the first initial 3.________ were opened，which were just beneath the surface of the ground.
·In 1868，the next 4.________ of the underground system was opened in the south of London.
·In 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway 5.________ up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.
·In 1890，Railway opened the first electric underground railway.Over the next twenty－five years，six 6.________ deep underground lines were constructed.
·Between 1918 and 1938，many new stations were constructed.
·During World War Ⅱ，the underground system had some unusual uses.
·After 1945，the underground system was 7.________ and more lines were added，which helped make the system more 8.________.
·In 1979，the Jubilee Line was opened in honour of the twenty－fifth 9.________ of Elizabeth Ⅱ becoming the queen.
Achievements
The underground system is working to transport huge numbers of people every day.The network of the underground system includes 10.________ lines and now goes twenty－six miles out of central.
【答案】　1.conveyed　2.unbelievable　3.tunnels
4．section　5.linked　6.independent　7.enlarged
8．user－friendly　9.anniversary　10.twelve
Ⅱ.语篇理解
1．Why did most trains to London only go to the outer city limits?
A．Because building railway tracks into the city would have needed much money.
B．Because building railway tracks into the city would have damaged many old buildings.
C．Because the London government didn't approve the plan.
2．If you traveled on the underground in 1884，you would________.
A．look out of the window of your carriage to enjoy the scenery
B．See the smoke caused by the steam engines
C．suffer from noise
3．Why were traveling on the underground lines inconvenient in the 1880s?
A．Because the price of the tickets was very high.
B．Because you should queue up.
C．Because each line was separately owned and many were very far from each other.
4．The underground system was functioned as the following except________.
A．bomb shelters
B．an underground airplane factory
C．field hospital
5．What is the main idea of the passage?
A．It tells the history and development of the London underground.
B．It tells the fun_ction of the London underground in World War.
C．Why the London underground was built.
【答案】　1.B　2.B　3.C　4.C　5.A
Ⅲ.课文缩写
The London underground system has the 1.________of being the oldest and most complex underground system in the world.Rail services to London were first developed during the first half of the 19th century，but people couldn't build railways into the city because doing that would cause great 2.________to many old buildings.Therefore，the number of vehicles on the road used to 3.________ people to and around the city centre caused unbelievable traffic jams.This traffic problem led to the 4.________of the underground system.
In 1854，the British government gave 5.________to the construction of an underground railway in the centre of London.The 6.________tunnels were opened in 1863.In 1884，two companies linked up and 7.________underground service in the middle of the city.Because of the smoke from the steam engines，early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular 8.________.The first railway tunnel under the River Thames was dug in 1884.The City and South London Railway opened the first 9.________underground railway in 1890.Over the next twenty－five years，six independent deep underground lines were constructed.The underground system had some unusual uses during World War Ⅱ and it is working to 10.________huge numbers of people as it has done for many years.
【答案】　1.distinction　2.damage　3.convey　4.development　5.approval　6.initial　7.provided　8.intervals
9．electric　10.transport
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．convey　　　　　　　A．a period of time between two events
2．postpone B．communicate ideas or feelings indirectly
3．interval C．promise to do sth.
4．via D．to change the date or time of a planned event or action to a later one
5．undertake E．to make sb.stop breathing by squeezing his throat
6．choke F．a date on which something special or important happened in a previous year
7．enlarge G．by or through
8．unbelievable H．very difficult to believe and unlikely to be true
9．unfortunately I．unluckily
10．anniversary J．to make sth.bigger
【答案】　1.B　2.D　3.A　4.G　5.C　6.E　7.J　8.H
9．I　10.F
Ⅱ.短语填空

1．It's reported that the two spacecraft will________with each other in orbit.
2．The sofa in my office is so big and comfortable that it can________a bed when I'm on night duty.
3．Please________me________at the next stop because my home isn't far from there.
4．Eating too much sugar can________health problems.
5．We see each other________，usually about once a month.
6．They held a party________the president's coming here.
【答案】　1.link up　2.fun_ction as　3.drop；off　4.lead to　5.at regular intervals　6.in honour of
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．Why would many people choose to travel by airplane rather_than by ship?
人们为什么宁愿选择乘坐飞机而不愿坐船旅行？
2．Travelling on these lines was not convenient，though，as each line was possessed by a different company，and many were very far from each other.然而搭乘这些线路并不方便，因为各条线路属于不同的公司，而且许多线路之间相距甚远。
3．Having_seen the situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes，undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。
4．So，why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today？那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
5．What was the London Underground like in 1863？1863年伦敦的地铁状况怎么样？
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文进一步掌握对这些词汇的运用。
4．通过对本课文的理解，让学生了解地铁的发展历史以及发展背景，认识到地铁在交通发展史中的重要地位，借以提高学生的阅读和表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
“In this period, let's deal with some useful expressions in the passage.”开门见山，直入主题。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第63页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。?
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1．drop off vt.中途下车或卸货；vi.下降；打瞌睡
They pick up and drop off people at different stops on the route.(教材P49)它们在沿途不同的站点让乘客上车或下车。
Could you drop me off near the post office？你可以让我在邮局附近下车吗？
Traffic in the town has dropped off since the bypass opened.
这条旁道通车后，城里来往的车辆就减少了。
Some people dropped off during the boring lecture.有些人在听这场枯燥的讲座时打瞌睡。
drop in(on sb./at sp.)顺便走访(某人)
drop out退学；退出
drop away离开；散去
　I had intended to drop in on you the next week.
我原本打算下周拜访你的。
You left your jacket，but I can drop it ________ on my way to work tomorrow.
A．away　　　　　　　　B．off
C．down D．out
【解析】　句意：你忘了拿你的短上衣，不过我可以在明天上班的路上顺便捎给你。drop sth.off“中途卸货”。
【答案】　B
2．convey vt.输送，运送；传达，表达(想法、感情等)
Horse－drawn buses，trams，cabs and carriages were used to convey people to and around the city centre.(教材P50)用马拉的公共汽车、有轮电车、出租车和四轮马车被用来把人们送到市中心和周围地区。
Your luggage will be conveyed to the hotel by taxi.
出租车会将你的行李送到酒店。
I find it hard to convey my feelings in words but I still want to express my thanks.我觉得难以用言语表达我的感情，但我仍然想表达我的感激之情。
convey sb./sth.from A to B把某人或某物从A地运送到B地
convey sth.to sb.向某人表达……
convey one's feelings/ideas表达感情/想法
　Please convey my best wishes to her.
请代我向她表示最美好的祝愿。
完成句子
①交通事故后，她妈妈就不能清楚地表达自己的意思了。
After the traffic accident，her mother can't ________ clearly.
【答案】　convey her meanings
单项填空
②—It's getting dark.I must be off now.
—OK，please take care and ________ my best wishes to your family.
A．accomplish B．clarify
C．preserve D．convey
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。句意：“天黑了，我现在该走了。”“好的，请多保重并代我向你的家人表达美好祝愿。”convey“传达，表达”，符合句意。accomplish“完成”；clarify“表明，阐明”；preserve“保留，保存”。
【答案】　D
3．unfortunately adv.不幸地，遗憾地
Unfortunately，the number of vehicles on the road caused unbelievable traffic jams，and the roads became so busy that no one could travel anywhere.(教材P50)不幸的是，路上的车辆的数量造成了难以置信的交通堵塞，道路交通变得如此拥挤以至于任何地方都无人能够通行。
Unfortunately，she missed the last train.
真可惜，她错过了最后一班列车。
But，unfortunately，most decisions are far more complex.然而，不幸的是，大多数决策是非常复杂的。
其常用句式：be unfortunate to do sth.做某事很倒霉；It is unfortunate that...不幸的是……；可惜的是……
　
—Mr.Wang was caught in a snowstorm yesterday.
—I have known that，and ________ his new car was completely destroyed.
A．hopefully B．fortunately
C．thankfully D．unfortunately
【解析】　句意：“王先生昨天遇上了暴雨。”“我知道了，而且不幸的是，他的新车完全毁了。”A项，有希望地；B项，幸运地；C项，感谢地，感激地；D项，不幸地。故D项符合语境。
【答案】　D
4．lead to导致，引起
This traffic problem led to the development of the underground system.(教材P50)这一交通问题导致了地铁系统的研发。
Eating too much sugar can lead to health problems.食用过多的糖会引起健康问题。
All roads lead to Rome.条条大路通罗马。
lead的常用表示：lead sb.to do sth.使某人做某事；lead sb.to...带领某人去/到……；lead to /from...与……相连。
　
The bank has offered a reward for any information ________ the arrest of the men.
A．getting to B．leading to
C．causing D．making
【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：银行悬赏搜集信息，以便将那些人绳之以法。get to“到达”；lead to“导致，以便”；cause“引起(往往是麻烦、问题等)”；make后跟名词往往表示“制作”。由句意可知应选B项。
【答案】　B
5．postpone vt.延迟；延期
However，new trains had to be developed and the plan required raising a large amount of money，so the digging was postponed until 1860.(教材P50)然而，新火车需要研发，该计划需要筹集大笔资金，因此挖掘工作一直延迟到1860年。
The match was postponed to Saturday because of bad weather.比赛因天气不好而延迟到星期六。
They postponed sending an answer to a request.
他们耽搁了对一项请求的答复。
postpone sth.(to/until sth.)推迟某事(到……)
postpone doing sth.推迟做某事
　Let's postpone making a decision until we have more information.咱们等获取更多信息之后再作决定吧。
【提示】　表示“推迟，延迟”的postpone，delay，put off后都跟名词、动名词作宾语，不接不定式。
完成句子
①延迟兴建新医院的决定是不得人心的。
It was an unpopular decision to ________ the new hospital.
【答案】　postpone building
单项填空
②You ought to postpone ________ here until next week，since the audience are so enthusiastic.
A．leave B．left
C．to leave D．leaving
【解析】　postpone＝put off，表示“推迟”，后接动名词。
【答案】　D
6．link up联合；连接；对接
Sixteen years later，in 1884，the Metropolitan Railway Company and the Metropolitan District Railway linked up and provided underground service in the middle of the city.(教材P50)十六年后的1884年，大都会铁路公司和大都会区铁路公司联合，为城市中部地区提供地铁服务。
Shenzhou 9 and Tiangong 1 linked up successfully by hand.神舟九号与天宫一号手工对接非常成功。
link up with与……联合，(使)与……连接
link...with/to...将……和……联系或连接起来
　We linked up with them for a charity concert.
我们与他们联合举办了一次慈善音乐会。
The island is linked to /with the mainland by a new bridge.一座新桥将该岛与大陆相连。
These pieces of information ________ to suggest who the thief was.
A．link up B．join to
C．connect to D．connect with
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句意：这些证据拼凑起来就表明小偷是谁了。本题四个选项都有“连接”的含义，但B、C、D三项为及物用法，即都应接宾语；而A项是不及物用法，若要加宾语还要加介词with。又因空格后是不定式，作结果状语，而不是宾语。
【答案】　A
7．Because of the smoke from the steam engines，early underground lines needed large holes leading to the surface at regular intervals，so that people could get fresh air and would not choke.(教材P50)由于蒸汽机发出浓烟，早期的地铁线需要每隔一段距离挖开一些通向地面的大洞，这样人们就能呼吸新鲜空气而不会窒息。
(1)interval n．间隔，间隙
He comes back to see us at regular intervals.
他每隔一段时间就回来看看我们。
The proper intervals should be maintained between vehicles.车辆之间应该保持适当的距离。
at(...)intervals每隔……距离或时间；有时；间隔
　Buses to the city leave at regular intervals.开往城里的公共汽车每隔一定时间发出一班。
①Trees are standing ________ intervals along the street and they provide shade for people in summer.
A．for B．in
C．on D．at
【解析】　句意：沿街的树木一棵又一棵相隔不远，它们为人们提供夏天乘凉的地方。at intervals“相隔一定的距离”。
【答案】　D
(2)choke v．窒息，噎住，硬咽
Children can choke on peanuts.孩子们能被花生卡住。
The smoke almost choked me.烟几乎把我呛死。
choke to death窒息死亡
choke on sth.被……噎住
choke off阻止，制止；限制
choke up因感情激动而硬咽
　The four－year－old child choked to death after swallowing a coin.那个4岁的孩子吞下一枚硬币后窒息而亡。
She choked up when she began to talk about her mother.她开始谈起母亲时，便哽咽着说不出话来。
②He was choking________ a piece of toast when I came into his room.
A．with B．for
C．on D．about
【解析】　句意：当我进入他的房间时，他正被一块烤面包噎得透不过气来。choke on sth.“被……噎住”。
【答案】　C
8．Travelling on these lines was not convenient，though，as each line was possessed by a different company，and many were very far from each other.(教材P50)然而搭乘这些线路并不方便，因为各条线路属于不同的公司，而且许多线路之间相距甚远。
句中as引导原因状语从句。
As you weren't there，I left a message.因为你不在，我留了个便条。
As holidays are drawing nearer and nearer，all of us are very happy.因为假期越来越近了，所以我们大家都很高兴。
as用作从属连词的用法：
①引导原因状语从句(＝since/because)，意为“由于；因为”。
②引导时间状语从句，强调主句谓语动词与从句谓语动词的同时性，意为“当……时候；一边……一边……；随着”。
③引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管；虽然；即使”，句子要用倒装结构。
④引导方式状语从句，意为“以……方式；按照”。
⑤引导比较状语从句，意为“和……一样”。
　He looked behind from time to time as he went forward.当他朝前走时，不时地向后看。
Remember，you must do everything as I do.
记住，你必须按照我做的那样做一切事情。
He speaks English as well as you do.
他英语说得和你的一样好。
【对接高考】
(2012·重庆高考)—Coach，can I continue with the training?
—Sorry，you can't ________ you haven't recovered from the knee injury.
A．until B．before
C．as D．unless
【解析】　句意：——教练，我可以继续训练吗？——抱歉，你不能，因为你膝盖伤还没有恢复。分析题意可知前后两句有明显的因果关系，故可选C项。as表原因，而A项until，B项before和D项unless都需后句用肯定形式才可与前句的you can't相符合。
【答案】　C
用as进行句式仿写
①随着年龄的增长，我们变得更聪明了。
________________________________________________________________________
②尽管年轻，他却懂得很多。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①As we grow older，we get wiser and wiser.
②Young as he is，he knows a lot.
9．Having_seen_the_situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes，undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.(教材P51)看到这种情况，一名叫查尔斯·耶基斯的美国富商于1902年承担起了改善地铁系统的工程，他买下许多不同的地铁线，创立了伦敦电力地铁公司。
(1)本句是简单句，句子主干是a wealthy American businessman undertook improving the system。 having seen the situation是现在分词短语的完成式，作时间状语，表示分词动作发生在谓语动作之前。
Having finished her homework，the little girl began to watch TV.做完作业后，这个小女孩开始看电视。
Having been told many times，he still did not know how to do it.(人家)已经告诉他许多次了，他还是不知道怎么做。
现在分词(短语)作状语用法：
①形式：doing，being done，having done，having been done
②逻辑主语：一般为句子的主语，否则要在分词前加上
其自身的逻辑主语构成分词的独立结构
③时态特征：用一般式时，分词动作与谓语动作(几乎)同时发生；用完成式时，分词动作先于谓语动作发生
④语态特征：用主动式表示构成分词的动词与其逻辑主语为主谓关系，否则则为动宾关系
⑤转换：作时间状语的现在分词一般可转换为as，when或while引导的时间状语从句
　Hearing the news，they immediately set off for Shanghai.听到这一消息，他们立即动身前往上海了。
Having finished washing the clothes，she went shopping with some friends.洗完衣服之后，她跟几个朋友去购物了。
【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考)________the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
【解析】　句意：发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。
【答案】　B
用括号中动词的适当形式填空
①________(make up)，she went out hurriedly.
②________(wait)for her friend for quite a long time，she had to go to the party alone.
③________(walk)in the field on a March afternoon，he could feel the warmth of spring.
【答案】　①Having made up　②Having waited　③Walking
(2)undertake(undertook，undertaken)vt. & vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
The girl undertook the responsibility of looking after her mother.这个小女孩承担起了照顾她母亲的责任。
He undertook to finish the job by Friday.
他答应星期五之前完成这项工作。
undertake to do sth.承诺/答应做某事
undertake that...承诺/答应……
　He undertook that he would finish the work by Monday.他担保在星期一以前完成工作。
完成句子
④我不能保证你在那里一定会赚钱。
I can't ________ you will make a profit there.
【答案】　undertake that
单项填空
⑤As we are very busy these days，we might ________ this urgent work for the time being.
A．undertake B．acknowledge
C．undergo D．oppose
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为这些天我们很忙，我们可能暂时做这份急需做的工作。undertake“从事；进行”，符合句意。acknowledge“承认”；undergo“经历，遭受”；oppose“反对”。
【答案】　A
10．enlarge vt. & vi.扩大，扩展，增大；放大(照片)
After World War Ⅱ ended in 1945，more people travelled on the underground，so the system was enlarged and more lines were added including the Victoria Line，which was linked with other lines at almost every station.(教材P57)1945年第二次世界大战结束后，更多的人乘坐地铁，于是又增建了更多的地铁线路，其中包括维多利亚线，它所有的站几乎都和其他线相连。
You must do more reading as it will enlarge your vocabulary.你必须多读，因为阅读能扩大词汇量。
I asked the photographer to enlarge the picture.我请摄影师把那张照片放大。
enlarge one's horizon扩大视野
enlarge one's vocabulary扩大词汇量
enlarge the photograph/picture放大照片
enlarge on详述
　He refused to enlarge on his reasons for leaving his job.他拒绝详细说明他辞职的原因。
Nowadays many new couples like to ________ their wedding photos and hang them on the wall.
A．extend B．enlarge
C．spread D．stretch
【解析】　句意：现在，很多新婚夫妇喜欢把结婚照放大挂在墙上。enlarge“放大”，多指放大具体物品，如相片、图画等。extend指范围上扩展、距离上延长、时间上延长以及能力上尽可能地发挥等；spread指使某物摊开、展开或消息等向四面八方传播开来；stretch指伸展、延伸或伸长、伸出(身体某部位)。
【答案】　B
11．So，why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today？(教材P51)那么，今天为什么不乘坐世界上最古老的地铁观光一番呢？
“Why not＋动词原形？”表示向对方提出建议，意思是“为什么不/何不……呢？”
Why not go with us？何不和我们一起去？
Why not go out for a walk after super this evening？今晚上晚饭后为什么不出去走走？
①Why not do...？＝Why don't you do...？表示提出建议或劝告。
②表示建议、劝告的句型还有：What/How about...？……怎么样？
③Why not？有两层含义：一则表示对对方的说法进行反向“为什么不……呢”；二则表示乐意接受对方的邀请，意为“当然；好啊”。
　Why don't you go to see the film？你为什么不去看那部电影呢？
—Let's go for a walk？咱们去散步吧。
—Why not？好啊。
【对接高考】
(2011·全国卷Ⅰ)—We could invite John and Barbara to the Friday night party.
—Yes，________？I'll give them a call right now.
A．why not B．what for
C．why D．what
【解析】　句意：“我们可以邀请约翰和芭芭拉来参加周五晚上的聚会。”“当然可以，为什么不呢？我现在就给他们打电话。”第一句为征求对方意见，根据答语yes一词可知空格处应为why not，表示同意对方观点。
【答案】　A
翻译句子
①为什么不马上做呢？
________________________________________________________________________
②明天来找我怎样？
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①Why not do it right now?
②Why not come and see me tomorrow?
12．What_was the London Underground like in 1863？(教材P52)1863年伦敦的地铁状况怎么样？
What is/was sth./sb.like？意思为“某物(人)是什么样子？”可以用来询问天气情况、事物的性质、质量、特征等，有时候要求对事物作详细的描述。
What is the weather like tomorrow？明天的天气如何？
What was the library like at that time？那时这个图书馆是个什么样子？
①What is sb.like？可以用来询问一个人的外貌特征、个性、品质；
②What does sb.look like？只能询问一个人的外貌；
③How do you like/find＋宾语？＝What do you think of＋宾语？意思为“你觉得……怎么样？”
　—What is girlfriend like？你女朋友长得怎么样？
—She is tall and pretty.她很高、很漂亮。
—What does the baby look like？那个婴儿长得怎么样？
—He looks like his father.他长得像他爸。
—How do like this film？你觉得这部电影怎么样？
—It's very funny.它很搞笑。
单项填空
①—________？
—He is tall，strong and brave.
A．Do you like him
B．How do you like him
C．What is he like
D．What does he like
【解析】　根据答语可知，问句是在问外貌、个性。A、D两项中like为动词，意为“喜欢”；B项表示“你觉得他怎么样？”不符合题意。根据题意，故选C。
【答案】　C
句型转换
②What was the concert like?
→________ do you ________ the concert?
→How do you ________？
【答案】　What；think of；like/find the concert
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
3．通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，了解短语动词的种类并掌握其用法。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生自然地应用语法，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
???
??
　　　　?
??
1．put through给……接通电话；完成；使经受
OK，I will put you through to the receptionist and she can take down your details.(教材P57)好的，我帮你接通接待员的电话，她会记下你的详细情况。
The project has been put through successfully.
这个计划已经成功地被完成了。
One moment，please.I'm just trying to put you through.请等一下。我这就给你接通电话。
put sb.through(to...)给……接通(电话)
put sb.through sth.使经受(磨炼、痛苦)
put sth.through完成；达成；使成功
常考的put短语：
put aside攒钱；积蓄；把……放在一边
put up举起；建造
put off推迟，推延；使反感
put up with忍受；容忍
put in插入；申请进入
　The mayor had to put off several meetings because of the big fire.由于这次大火，市长不得不推延几次会议。
That woman，as a housewife，has a lot to put up with.
作为家庭主妇，那女人得忍受很多(烦恼)。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)At the last moment，Tom decided to ________ a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A．put up　　　　　　　　　　B．put in
C．put on D．put off
【解析】　本题考查动词短语的语意辨析。A项put up“搭建，张贴”；B项put in“把……放进”；C项put on“穿上，上演”；D项put off“推迟”。根据句意“在最后一刻，汤姆决定添加一个新的角色，从而使得这个故事显得更加真实”可知，答案选B项，put in有“加入，添加”的意思。
【答案】　B
介、副词填空
①It was such a good book that I couldn't put it ________.
②Don't put ________ what should be done today to tomorrow.
③We can put ________ the work before dark.
④The soldiers were put ________ eight weeks of basic training.
【答案】　①down　②off　③through　④through
2．Hmm，well，we do welcome students to visit this centre，but you will have to fill_in a form and then we will decide_on the best way to organize the visit.(教材P57)嗯，哦！我们的确欢迎学生们参观这个中心，但是你们要填一个表格以便我们选定组织这次参观的最佳方式。
(1)fill in填写(表格)
Fill in these forms，please.请填写这些表格。
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.在空格里填上适当的单词。
fill out填写(表格)
fill up (with sth.)(用……)装满
fill...with...用……填充……
be filled with＝be full of装满……
　He filled up the tank with oil and set off at once.他把油箱装满油，接着就出发了。
The room was filled with smoke because so many people were smoking here.屋子里满是烟，因为如此多的人在这里吸烟。
介、副词填空
①Please fill ________ this form before you apply for this position.
②The basket was filled ________ many different kinds of fruits.
【答案】　①in/out　②with
单项填空
③Andrew became a member of a painting group but didn't ________，so he gave up.
A．fill in　　B．turn out　　C．fit in　　D．fill up
【解析】　句意：安德鲁加入了绘画小组，但因不适应而退出了。fit in“适应，适合”，符合语境。fill in“填写”；turn out“结果是”；fill up“装满”。
【答案】　C
(2)decide on/upon决定；选定
Have you decided on a date for your wedding?
你选好结婚的日子了吗？
Don't decide on important matters too quickly.
不要过于匆忙地对重要的事情作决定。
decide against...决定不要……
decide to do sth.下决心做某事
decide sb.to do sth.做某人下决心做某事
It is decided that...已经决定……[从句谓语动词常用(should＋)do]
　In the end we decided against the house because it was too small.
最后我们决定不要这栋房子，因为它太小了。
It was eventually decided that four local restaurants (should) be closed because of waste oil event.
因地沟油事件，最后决定关闭四家当地的饭店。
④—How do you find Qingdao，Mary?
—It's a beautiful seaside city.I have ________ it for my next holiday.
A．decided on B．tried on
C．taken on D．carried on
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句意：“玛丽，你觉得青岛怎样？”“它是一座漂亮的海滨城市。我决定下个假期去那里度假。”decide on“选定”，符合句意。try on“试穿(衣服)”；take on“呈现”；carry on“进行，继续”。
【答案】　A
3．I'm a high school student and I'm calling to see if it's_possible_to_arrange a trip for my class to look around the transport control centre.(教材P57)我是一名中学生，我打电话是想了解是否能安排我班的学生参观交通控制中心。
本句是并列句，and连接两个并列分句。第二个分句是个含有if引导的宾语从句的复合句，该宾语从句是“It＋be＋形容词＋to do sth.”句式，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。
It's possible for you to make the wrong decision.你有可能作出了错误的决定。
It is not right to look down upon those who have AIDS.歧视那些得艾滋病的人是不对的。
it作形式主语的常见句型：
①It is＋形容词(impossible，important，easy，difficult，hard，wise...)＋(for/of sb.)to do sth.
②It is ＋形容词(necessary，clear，strange，important，wonderful...)＋that...
③It＋happens/doesn't matter/occurs to sb...＋that/wh...
④It is＋过去分词(reported，hoped，thought，said，expected，believed...)＋that...
⑤It is＋名词(a fact，a good idea，a pity，a shame，no wonder...)＋to do/that...
⑥It is＋名词/形容词(good，no good，no use，a waste of time，useless...)＋doing sth.
　It is said that he has gone to Shanghai.
据说他已经去了上海。
It is no use/useless telling him that.
告诉他那件事是没有用的。
【提示】　在“It's＋adj.＋for/of sb.to do sth.”句式中，如果形容词是说明不定式(to do)行为的特点，如easy，difficult，hard，important，necessary，impossible，expensive等时，用介词for；如果形容词是说明人(sb.)的性格特点，如good，kind，nice，wise，clever，brave，honest，crazy，stupid等时，用介词of，且此句式可改为“sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do”结构。
【对接高考】
(2012·辽宁高考)This machine is very easy ________.Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
A．operating B．to be operating
C．operated D．to operate
【解析】　句意：这台机器很容易操作，任何人都可以在几分钟内学会使用它。此句式中动词不定式作状语，与句子主语构成动宾关系，故用主动形式表达被动意义。分析本题时我们首先要分析出句子的结构是：sth.is＋形容词＋非谓语动词，这样我们知道在这个结构中，非谓语动词使用的是动词不定式，因此排除A、C两项。B项采用的是动词不定式的进行式，表达的是一个正在进行中的动作，而“这种机器很容易操作”是一个常态。
【答案】　D
完成句子
①天气晴朗的日子里可以看到远到那座岛屿的地方。
________________ as far as the island on a clear day.
②吸烟危害健康，这是个事实。
________________ smoking is a danger to health.
③现在我很难找到一份合适的工作。
________________find a suitable job now.
【答案】　①It is possible to see　②It is a fact that
③It's difficult for me to
4．turn up出现，到场，到达；开大，调高(音量，热量等)
They did not turn up until 10 o'clock.(教材P57)他们直到十点才露面。
We arranged to meet at 12 at the school gate，but he never turned up.我们约好12点在校门口碰头，但他根本没露面。
Will you please turn up the TV？I can't hear it clearly.你能不能把电视音量开大一点？我听不清楚。
turn off关掉，关闭；拐弯，使转变方向
turn into v．变成；进入
turn out生产；结果是；关掉；出动；驱逐
turn over移交给；翻阅；把……翻过来；反复考虑
turn in交上；归还；拐入；告发
turn down把声音调低；拒绝
　The desk lamp was turned over by someone.
台灯被人打翻了。
Why did he turn down the invitation?
他为什么拒绝了邀请？
Don't trouble to look for my umbrella；it will________ some day in the future.
A．turn out B．turn down
C．turn off D．turn up
【解析】　句意：不用费心找伞了，总有一天会出现的。turn up“出现”，符合句意。turn out “结果是”；turn down“拒绝”；turn off“关闭”。
【答案】　D
5．enquiry n．[C]询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究
I can get her to call you back，or maybe I can deal with your enquiry？(教材P57)我可以让她给你回电话，或者也许我可以处理你询问的事？
He made an enquiry about her study.他询问了她的学习情况。
They have set up an enquiry into the affair.他们已对此事进行了调查。
①make enquiries about sb./sth.询问、打听某人/某事
set up/hold/conduct an enquiry into sth.对……进行调查
②enquire vt. & vi.打听，询问
enquire about打听，询问
enquire into调查，查究，查问
③enquire＝inquire
　It is required that the government hold/conduct an enquiry into the incident.
人们要求政府对该事件进行调查。
I called the station to enquire about train times.
我打电话到车站询问火车时间。
Local residents are calling for a public ________ into the accident.
A．opinion B．enquiry
C．statement D．admission
【解析】　句意：当地居民要求对这次事故进行公开调查。enquiry“调查”，符合句意。opinion“意见”；statement“陈述”；admission“允许进入”。
【答案】　B
6．split vi. & vt.分割，使(分开)；撕开，割破
We could split up into groups，and come at different times.(教材P57)我们可以分成小组，在不同的时间来参观。
Let's split up now and meet again after school.
让我们暂时分开放学后再集合。
Profits will be split between three major charities.
利润将在3个主要慈善机构之间分配。
split up分组，分解；分离，分开
split (up)．..into...(把……)分成……
split sth.between在……之间分配，分摊
　Just split the cake into three and leave one piece for Mary.把蛋糕分成三块，给玛丽留一块就行。
The old farm has been split up into house lots.
这古老的农场已经被划分为一块块的宅地。
完成句子
①约翰刚刚跟女朋友分手。
John has just ________________ with his girlfriend.
②一个持不同意见的少数派分裂出去了。
A minority which disagreed ________________.
【答案】　①split up　②split off
①Please put_up your hand when you want to ask questions.
②Harry turned_up after the party when everyone had left.
③Taking enough exercise contributes_to good health.
④How can you put_up_with all this for so long?
⑤Why doesn't she make_use_of her singing talent?
[自我总结]　短语动词常见的构成方式有以下四种：
1．动词＋________
2．动词＋________
3．动词＋________
4．动词＋________
【答案】　副词；介词；副词＋介词；名词＋介词
短语动词
一、短语动词概述
　英语中有相当一部分动词常常要有一个介词或者是副词依附于其后，共同构成“动词＋介词/副词”结构，称为短语动词。
二、短语动词(总表)
构成短语动词的动词
能构成短语动词的动词一般都是一些常用的、短小的动词，常用的有：ask，break，bring，call，carry，catch，come，cut，do，fall，hold，keep，let，look，make，pass，find，get，give，go，have，help，put，run，see，set，send，stand，take，tear，throw，try，turn，work等。
构成短语动词的介词、副词
能构成短语动词的介词、副词一般都是表示方向、位置等的词，常用的有：about，across，along，around，at，away，back，by，down，for，forward，in，into，of，off，on，out，over，throughout，to，under，up，with等。
短语动词的构成形式
“不及物动词＋介词”结构中的介词不能与动词分开，宾语只能放在介词之后。介词不重读，有些短语可用于被动语态。
“及物动词＋副词”结构中的副词和动词是可以分开的，宾语可在副词之前，也可在副词之后，但如果宾语为人称代词则必须放在副词之前；如果宾语过长，则应放在副词之后。
“不及物动词＋副词”。
“动词＋副词＋介词”结构中，介词的宾语不能移到介词之前去，如果短语中的动词为及物动词，其后可能出现另一个宾语，副词要重读，介词不重读，这类短语中有些可以用于被动语态。
三、短语动词的构成形式(分表)
短语动词的构成形式
例句
1.不及物动词＋介词
I came across these old letters.我偶然发现了这些旧信件。
We must look into the matter immediately.我们必须立即对此事进行调查。
His carelessness accounts for the failure.粗心大意是他失败的原因。
2.及物动词＋副词
We had to put off the meeting because of the storm.因为暴风雨我们不得不推迟了会议。
Clear up this mess of dirty clothes.把这堆脏衣物清理一下。
3.不及物动词＋副词
Look out！当心！The gun went off by accident.枪意外走火了。
Danger！Keep out！危险！切勿靠近！
4.动词＋副词＋介词
I'll not put up with him any longer.我对他再也不能忍受了。
The company should do away with the rules.公司应该废除这些规定。
Please keep out of our affairs.请不要介入我们的事。
We ran out of fuel.我们把燃料用光了。
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．理解课文，掌握本学案中所给出的词汇并能熟练运用。
2．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
3．能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法并给出学生认为合理的建议。
4．掌握写告知类文章的方法。
●教学地位
本课时的主要内容是Project所提供的关于“Traffic Accidents and Road Safety”的文章，要求学生了解造成交通事故的各种原因，培养学生的交通安全意识。写告知类文章是高考作文中以及日常生活中常见的一种应用文体。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
问题导入法：How many traffic accidents can you imagine happen every day? And why do they happen so often?
●教学流程设计
?导入新课。??
??
　　　　?
??
?
?让学生做“课时作业”。?
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P62－63课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The text is only about something about traffic accidents.(　　)
2．Speaking on the phone while driving can easily cause accidents because drivers can't devote themselves to two things at the same time.(　　)
3．When on the pavement，cyclists should work next to their bikes.(　　)
【答案】　1.F　2.T　3.T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P62－63课文，选择最佳答案
1．How can a cyclist prevent a traffic accident?
A．Riding too close to vehicles.
B．Signalling when turning onto the correct side of the road.
C．Riding along the pavement
2．What shouldn't a pedestrian do when he crosses the road?
A．Looking both ways.
B．Listening for cars.
C．Running across the road.
3．The purpose of this passage is mainly to________.
A．make people aware of traffic problems and give advice on how to solve them
B．conclude the solutions to traffic problems
C．analyze the causes of traffic problems
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.A
1．reservation n．预订，预约；保留意见 ；疑惑
There are many flights to Dalian，and the city has good air connections with most large cities in China，but you need to make reservations in advance.(教材P59)有很多航班飞往大连，大连与中国大多数大城市之间都有航线，但你得提前订票 。
I've made a reservation for you on the morning flight.
我为你预订了早上的航班。
I have serious reservations about his ability to do the job.我非常怀疑他有没有能力胜任这项工作。
①make a reservation预订
have/express reservations about...对……表示疑问，对……保留意见
without reservation毫无保留地
②reserve v．预订；保留
　We accepted their offer without reservation.我们毫无异议地接受了他们的提议。
This section of the car park is reserved for visitors.这个停车区是留给游客的。
Customers are advised to make seat ________ well in advance.
A．reservations　　　　　B．regulations
C．recognition D．occupation
【解析】　句意：建议顾客提前订好座位。make a reservation“预订”。regulation“条例”；recognition“识别”；occupation“占据”。
【答案】　A
2．speed up(使)加速
A new service has just opened between Beijing and Dalian and this has speeded up travel between the two cities.(教材P59)北京与大连之间刚刚开通了一条新的(火车)交通线，这样就大大提高了两市间的旅行速度。
We'd better speed up if we want to get there in time.
如果我们想及时到达那里，我们最好加快速度。
I have found a way to speed up this process.
我已经找到了一个加速这个过程的方法。
at high/low/full speed以高/低/全速
at a speed of...以……速度
with all speed全速
pick up/reduce speed加/减速
　He drove the car at full speed through the town.
他驾驶汽车全速穿过那座城镇。
The new and improved equipment will undoubtedly ________ production.
A．keep up B．speed up
C．build up D．give up
【解析】　句意：那种新的经过改进的设备，无疑将会增加生产。speed up使加速，促进，符合句意。keep up保持；build up增强，增进(健康)；give up放弃。
【答案】　B
3．departure n．离开；启程；出发
Check timetables for departure and arrival times.(教材P59)核对(列车运行)时刻表来获取(列车)离开和到达的时间。
His departure was quite unexpected.
他的离开非常出乎意料。
The departure of the train was delayed.
火车离站的时间延误了。
take one's departure离开；启程
depart v．离开；启程
depart from从……离开；背离，违反
depart for动身去……
　The basketball team will depart for Qinghai tomorrow.篮球队明天将动身去青海。
We ought not to depart from that principle.
我们不应违背那个原则。
I have not heard anything from him since his departure ________ New York.
A．on B．to
C．from D．at
【解析】　句意：自从他离开纽约后，我未收到他的任何信息。departure后常与介词from搭配，表示“离开……”。
【答案】　C
4．punctual adj.准时的，准点的；守时的
Sometimes the slow ferries are not very punctual and there may be long delays.(教材P59)
有时这些慢船并不是那么准时，可能有延误。
I expect you to be punctual for meetings.我希望你准时到会。
We can not guarantee the punctual arrival of trains in foggy weather.雾天我们不能保证火车准点到达。
be punctual for sth.准时……
　The doctor was always punctual for his appointments.这位医生总是准时见病人。
完成句子
①不守时间是他最大的缺点。
________________ is his greatest shortcoming.
②约会时要准时。
Make sure to ________________ every appointment.
【答案】　①Not being punctual　②be punctual for
5．arise vi.出现；产生；发生
The number of road accidents and the deaths arising from those accidents has increased over the past year.(教材P62)在过去的一年里，道路事故及由此造成的死亡人数均有所增长。
Before they could start，a mist arose.在他们动身前，起了雾。
Unexpected difficulties arose in the course of their experiment.在他们进行试验的过程中，产生了意想不到的困难。
arise from/out of...由……引起；起因于……
　Emotional or mental problems can arise from a physical cause.身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
【提示】　arise的主语多为以下抽象名词：argument/problem/question/quarrel/movement
arise/rise/raise
arise
(arose；arisen)vi.意为“出现，产生”；表示“起床；起身”时较正式。
rise
(rose；risen)vi.表示“升起；增高”。
raise
(raised；raised)vt.表示“举起；提出；抚养；筹集”。
　
用rise，raise，arise的适当形式填空
①The company's losses this year ________ almost entirely from the poor management.
②Let's ________ glasses to the friendship between the two peoples.
③As the sun ________ in the sky the temperature climbed.
【答案】　①arise　②raise　③rose
单项填空
④No further financial problem________，but we once couldn't make both ends meet.
A．rose B．arose
C．aroused D．raised
【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：尽管更深层的财政问题没出现，但我们还是不能维持生计。arise“出现”；rise“升起”；arouse“唤醒，引起”；raise“提升，举起”。
【答案】　B
6．be true of符合；对……适用
This is true of everyone as accidents affect drivers of vehicles as well as cyclists and pedestrians.(教材P62)这对每个人都尤为重要，因为事故不只是影响到车辆驾驶员，而且还影响到骑自行车的人和行人。
Many people fear darkness.It is true of Xiao Ming.许多人怕黑，小明也是这样。
That may be true of some，I don't know，but not of all.也许有些人的确如此，我不知道，但绝不是全部。
be true of＝hold good for符合于；对……适用
　Whether these findings will hold good for other types of request is unknown.这个发现对于其他请求是否有效，目前还不清楚。
完成句子
①我想没人看到这种相同的事发生在我们身上。
No one had looked at whether the same thing might ________ humans.
②许多年前美国的一个宗教派别也是如此。
It ________ religious group in America years ago.
【答案】　①be true of　②was true of
7．in connection with和……有关
Below are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars，minibuses and lorries，and what drivers should do to prevent them.(教材P62)以下是涉及车辆比如汽车、中巴和货车的一些道路事故的主要原因，以及为防止事故发生司机们应做的事。
The two affairs are in connection with each other.
这两件事情彼此有关联。
have (a direct/close)connection with与……有(直接的/密切的)联系
have no connection with与……无关
　His illness must have some connection with his diet.
他的病想必同他的饮食有关。
The question which he asked had no direct connection with our discussion.
他问的问题和我们的讨论没有直接关系。
介词填空
①I am writing to you in connection ________ your recent job application.
【答案】　with
单项填空
②The manager refused to have his daughter in his department ________ showing favor to her.
A．in need of B．in connection with
C．for fear of D．regardless of
【解析】　考查介词短语辨析。句意：经理拒绝让他的女儿进入他的部门，唯恐对她表现出偏爱。for fear of“唯恐”，符合句意。in need of“需要”；in connection with“和……有关”；regardless of“不管”。
【答案】　C
8．violate vt.违犯，违反；侵犯
If you drive after you have consumed alcoholic drinks or are drunk，you are violating the law and risking your own life as well as the lives of others.(教材P62)如果你酒后或醉酒开车，那么你是在犯法并且危及自己和他人的生命。
Companies that violate environmental laws will be heavily fined.违犯环境法的公司将被处以重罚。
She violated the terms of the contract repeatedly.她三番五次地违反合同条款。
violative adj.违犯的；违背的；违反的
violation n．违反；违背
violator n．违背者；违反者
　The policeman rapped the driver for his violation of traffic regulations.
由于司机违反交通规则，警察对他严加批评。
完成句子
①她指责新闻摄影记者侵犯了她的隐私。
She accused the press photographers of________.
【答案】　violating her privacy
单项填空
②The young lady was very angry because she felt her privacy had been________as an actress.
A．bothered　　　　　　　　　B．abandoned
C．violated D．split
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。句意：年轻女子非常生气是因为作为一名演员，她感到自己的隐私受到了侵犯。violate“侵犯”，符合句意。bother“打扰”；abandon“放弃”；split“分割”。
【答案】　C
9．load n．[C]负荷，负载；大量，许多；vt.装载；装上；装入
Carrying more than a light load on your bicycle makes it more difficult to control.(教材P63)在你的自行车上加上一重物会使自行车更难以控制。
The good news has taken a load off my mind.
听了这个好消息我就放心了。
They are loading fresh fruits onto the truck.
他们正在往卡车上装新鲜水果。
a load of＝loads of许多(后接可数/不可数名词)
take a load off one's mind消除某人的精神负担，使某人如释重负
load (up)．..with sth.把某物装上……
load sth.into/onto...把某物装入/到……里
　The band got a load of/loads of complaints about the loud music at night.
因为夜间吵闹的音乐声，这支乐队受了很多埋怨。
It may be hard to load much more cost onto patients.
很难让患者承担更多费用。
完成句子
①我路过这家工厂时，看到工人们正把一袋袋的大米装上卡车。
When I passed by the factory，I saw the workers ________________ the truck.
②由于其在会上所说的话年轻人陷入了一大堆的麻烦之中。
The young man got himself into ________________ trouble because of what he had said at the meeting.
【答案】　①loading bags of rice onto　②a load of/loads of
单项填空
③The transportation company ________ the truck with all of our household effects because we are moving to the countryside.
A．loaded B．carried
C．packed D．piled
【解析】　句意：因为我们要搬到乡下去，运输公司用长车装载了我们的全部家当。load...with...“用……装载……”符合句意。carry sth.运输某物；pack打包；pile堆积。
【答案】　A
10．It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.(教材P63)要确保道路安全、避免事故，一切都取决于道路使用者。
It's up to sb.to do sth.表示“由某人决定做某事”。
It is up to you to decide when we will start.
由你来决定我们什么时候出发。
—When shall we go to the hospital to see our teacher？我们什么时候去医院看望老师？
—It is up to you.I am free at any time.
由你决定。我什么时候都有空。
up to用法归纳：
①多达某个数量；
②表示时间限制，意为“直到……为止”相当于until/till；
③有资格做……；能胜任；
④由……决定，取决于常用于It is up to sb.to do sth.句型；
⑤做；忙于；从事相当于doing或busy doing/with
　I'm not sure if she is really up to that job.
我不确定她是否真的胜任那项工作。
—What shall we do tonight then?
—________ whatever you want.
A．Help yourself B．It's a deal
C．No problem D．It's up to you
【解析】　考查交际用语。根据破折号后面的内容可知，答话人表示一切听从对方的安排，因此选择D项“由你决定”。前三项分别表示“请自便”“就这么定了”“没问题”，均不符合语境。
【答案】　D
信息告知类电子邮件
一、电子邮件的写法
电子邮件即Email，是人们在因特网上沟通的一种常见形式，其写法跟书信基本一致，它的显著特点就是简单明了。一般来说，电子邮件可分为以下几部分：
1．收件人地址：在标题栏的“收件人(To)”框中输入收信人的Email地址如 Li Ping @ yahoo.com等，顶格写在邮件的第一行。
2．主题：“主题(Subject)”框的内容应简明地概括信的内容。
3．称呼：Email一般使用非正式的文体，因此正文前的称呼通常无需使用诸如Dear Mr.John之类的表达。在同辈的亲朋好友或同事间可以直呼其名，如Hi，Tom，但对长辈或上级最好使用头衔并使用姓。
4．正文：写Email和写英文书信相差不多。
5．信尾客套话：信尾客套话通常也很简明。常常只需一个词，如：Thanks，Best，Cheers等；不需要用一般信函中的Sincerely yours，Best regards等。
6．签名：其写法和书信的签名一样，指发件人的姓名，写在客套结束语的下面一行(或两行)。
二、信息告知类电子邮件一般包括三部分
1．开头要表明写作目的，即明确要告知的信息。
2．主体部分应详细告知相关问题的细节，以使接收者能明白所告知信息的相关内容。
3．最后通常表达期盼和祝愿。
三、电子邮件常用的开头、结尾表达法
1．邮件开头常见用语：
I am delighted to receive your letter.
It was a great pleasure to learn that...
I'm writing to you to...
I'm writing to you about...
I'm so pleased to hear from you and am writing to tell you something about...
2．邮件结尾常见用语：
Thank you once again for your kind letter.
Expecting to hear from you as soon as possible.
Hoping that you'll get well soon.
Looking forward to meeting you.
Remember me to your whole family.
假设你是晨光中学学生会主席李华。你校将于6月26日接待来自美国某中学的学生访问团。你受学校委托，负责安排其在津的一日活动。请根据以下提示，用英语给该团的领队Smith先生写一封电子邮件，介绍活动计划并简要说明理由，最后征求对方意见。
◇上午与我校学生座谈(话题如校园生活、文化差异等)；
◇中午与我校学生共同进餐(午餐包括饺子、面条等)；
◇下午与我校学生游览海河。
[思路点拨]
信息告知类电子邮件一般包括三部分：
1．开头要表明写作目的，即明确要告知的信息；
2．主体部分应详细告知相关问题的细节，以使接收者能明白所告知信息的相关内容；
3．最后通常表达期盼和祝愿。
[词汇热身]
1．礼堂，大会堂________
2．文化差异________
3．自助餐厅________
4．水饺________
5．领着某人参观……________
6．安排________
【答案】　1.auditorium　2.cultural difference　3.cafeteria　4.dumpling　5.show...around...　6.arrangement
[句式温习]
1．我是晨光中学学生会主席李华。
I am Li Hua，________________，from Chenguang High School.
2．得知你们将于6月26日来我校参观我感到非常高兴。
I am ______________ you are coming to visit our school on June 26.
3．在学校礼堂将有一场座谈会，在那里来访者将与我校的学生进行交流，谈论校园生活、文化差异等。
There will be a talk in the school auditorium，________visitors and students from our school communicate with each other，________________ school life and cultural differences.
【答案】　1.chairman of the Student Union
2．very pleased to learn that
3．where；talking about
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Mr.Smith，
I am Li Hua，chairman of the Student Union，from Chenguang High School.I am very pleased to learn that you are coming to visit our school on June 26.I am writing to tell you what we have arranged for you.
In the morning，there will be a talk in the school auditorium，where visitors and students from our school communicate with each other，talking about school life and cultural differences.At noon，you are invited to have lunch in our school cafeteria with students from our school.You can taste dumplings，noodles and other Chinese foods.In the afternoon，the students in our school will show you around the Haihe River.
How do you like the arrangements？I hope you'll have a nice time in Tianjin.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________vt.运送；输送；表达
2．________adj.非常坏(或非常好、非常极端)的，令人难以置信的
3．________prep.经由，经过(某一地方，通过，凭借)
4．________vt.延迟，延期
5．________vt.& vi.承担，从事；承诺，答应
6．________vt.& vi.扩大，扩展，增大
7．________n．少量的人或物；一把(的量)
8．________vi.&vt.分割，(使)分开；撕开，割破
9．________adj.每年的，一年一次的
10．________n．离开，出发；背离，违反
11．________vi.出现，产生
12．________adj.好斗的，挑衅的，富于攻击性的
13．________n. & vi. & vt.撞车；碰撞；倒闭；崩溃
14．________vt.处以罚金
15．________adj.喝醉的；n.醉汉，酒鬼
16．________vt.违犯，违反；侵犯
17．________n．负荷，负载；大量，许多；vt.装载，装上，装入
【答案】　1.convey　2.unbelievable　3.via　4.postpone　5.undertake　6.enlarge　7.handful　8.split　9.annual　10.departure　11.arise　12.aggressive　13.crash　14.fine　15.drunk　16.violate　17.load
B．词汇拓展
18．________adv.遗憾地，不幸地，可惜地；?________adj.不幸的，可惜的
19．________n．增加，增长；成长，生长?________vt.种植vi.增长；成长；生长
20．________n．预订，预约；保留意见?________v．保留；预订；储备n.贮藏(物)储备
21．________adj.准时的，守时的?________adv.准时地?________n．准时，守时
22．________n．询问，咨询；调查，查究，探究?________v．询问，咨询；调查
【答案】　18.unfortunately；unfortunate　19.growth；grow　20.reservation；　reserve　21.punctual；punctually；punctuality　22.enquiry；enquire
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________中途下客或卸货
2．________________联合，连接
3．________________出现，到来；调高(音量等)
4．________________给某人接通(电话)；使经历
5．________________决定，选定
6．________________推迟，推延；使反感
7．________________at(...)intervals
8．________________fill in
9．________________a handful of
10．________________ split up
11．________________speed up
12．________________arise from
【答案】　1.drop off　2.link up　3.turn up　4.put through　5.decide on/upon　6.put off　7.每隔……距离或时间　8.填写(表格)；消磨(时间)　9.少数的，少量的
10．分组，分解；分离　11.(使)加速　12.起因于，由……引起
B．用上面词组的适当形式填空
13．I spent all evening trying to________myself________to a friend in Beijing.
14．Don't forget to________your boarding cards.
15．Realizing that the man seemed to be following her，she________her footsteps.
16．If you think you are sick，you should not________going to the doctor.
17．Business picked up in the stores during December，but________again after Christmas.
18．Therefore，local investors will also face new challenges________a new investment policy.
19．After thorough and careful measurements，we finally________the engineering location.
20．All of our computers are________，so we can communicate with each other very easily.
21．More than ten policemen________at the spot where the accident happened.
22．This unhappy couple has been quarreling for several years and has finally ________.
【答案】　13.put；through　14.fill in　15.sped up
16．put off　17.dropped off　18.arising from　19.decided on　20.linked up　21.turned up　22.split up
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．Why would many people choose to travel by airplane rather_than by ship?
【句式仿写】　他宁愿放弃也不愿在这样差的条件下工作。
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2．Having_seen_the_situation，a wealthy American businessman，Charles Yerkes，undertook improving the system in 1902 by obtaining ownership of the many different lines and setting up the Underground Electric Railways Company of London.
【句式仿写】　我们被带着参观校园之后回到了办公室。
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3．So，why_not_take a trip on the oldest underground system today?
【句式仿写】　你为什么不自己做圣诞贺卡而要去买呢？
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4．It_is_up_to_all_of_us_road_users_to_make_sure that we avoid accidents by paying attention to road safety.
【句式仿写】　采取行动对付暴力行为，是政府职责所在。
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5．Below_are some of the major causes of road accidents in connection with vehicles such as cars，minibuses and lorries，and what drivers should do to prevent them.
【句式仿写】　演讲厅的前面坐着一位教授。
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【答案】　1.He would give up rather than work in such bad conditions.
2．Having been shown around the campus，we returned to the office.
3．Why not make your own Christmas cards instead of buying them?
4．It is up to the government to take action on violence.
5．In the front of the lecture hall sits a professor.