【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版选修八教师用书Unit 1 The written world

【美文阅读】　
How to start reading classic literature
诵读经典可以使人提高素养，增长才智。但是，只有掌握了一定的阅读技巧，阅读经典才是快乐之旅。
The written word is one of the most powerful forms of expression. Classic literature written many years ago still has the power to educate and inspire people. Many people find it difficult to read the classics(古罗马文学). In fact, reading the classics can be a pleasurable experience especially as you mature(成熟) and develop a deeper understanding of the world.
★Read for enjoyment. Classic literature should be read for enjoyment as well as education. Look for the works by authors you're familiar with through movies or TV. Choose the type of classic literature that you enjoy reading from past experience.
★Keep a dictionary on hand. Use the Oxford English Dictionary as a reference for unfamiliar words or to define(使明确) words that have changed in meaning over time. Start slowly and work on reading 30 minutes a day to get into the habit.
★Get to read its biographical information. This is because it relates to the setting of the story and author. To have a better understanding of the story, find out more about the time period in which a work was created and the background of its author.
★Do research on the Internet. Large numbers of websites, like Bibliomania, provide information for the study and exploration of classical literature.
★Understand story structure. Classic literature often contains complex plots and extensive character development. Focus on reading for the overall(总的，全体的) theme or the meaning of the story, and take notes to recognize the basic elements of the story.
★Buy literature companions. Authoritative(权威的) works such as the Oxford Companion to Classical Literature or the Norton Anthology of English Literature offer popular classic works of literature to get you started.
★Understand the use of footnotes(脚注) in literature. Classic literature is often full of references to social and culture elements of the past. Footnotes may be used to explain these references and make the material easier to understand.
【诱思导学】　
1．Classic literature is too difficult for us to read now. Do you think so?

2．Which tip do you think is the most useful while reading the classics?

【答案】　1.Yes, I think so. / Though difficult, it can be read little by little.
2．The last tip. Because I think footnotes are helpful to me.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的生词，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元让学生阅读有关英国文学作品的文章，从而吸取其中的精髓，陶冶自己的情操，提高欣赏能力。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过三个问题引发学生思考：
Question 1：“Do you often read the English literature？”
Question 2：“Do you know something about Charles Dickens, England's the greatest writer？”
Question 3：“Have you read Great Expectations? What was it mainly talking about？”
●教学流程设计
导入新课。?学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第1页)。?学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。
?
学生再次阅读课文(课本第2～3页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第2页)。?师生共同讨论并统一答案。?让学生快速阅读课文，(见课本第2～3页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第2页)。
　　　　　?
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。?学生再次仔细阅读课文，(课本第2～3页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第2页)。?老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第3页)。?学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案，老师予以更正。?让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第3页)。
　　　　　?
老师布置作业，并让学生预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第3～8页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P2－3的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空1词)
1. of classics
Classics are the antiques of the literary world，taking the 2. of novels，plays and poems，which were well written long ago and are popular with present people.
3. for some people not reading classics
·The language used in classics 4. from the one used nowadays，adding to their difficulties with reading.
·Classics are old-fashioned and boring and have nothing to do with life today.
Interesting facts
·Classics are still in 5. and have a place in the world today.
·Many films adapted from classics achieved great success.
6. to appreci- ate classics
Grasp the main elements
Take Great Expectations for instance.
Theme
What it means to be a 7. .
Setting
England in the early 1800s.
Symbol
8.
Indicating danger and uncertainty.
Helping readers understand the symbol.
9.
Pip，Joe，Pip's sister，Estella，a generous stranger.
Begin-ning
In a misty field of tombs.
10.
Twist
A stranger gives Pip a great deal of money，and Pip moves to London.
Ending
Pip becomes a gentleman.
【答案】　1.Defination　2.form　3.Reasons　4.differs　5.existence　6.How　7.gentleman　8.Mist　9.Characters　10.Plot
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2－3的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What is the author's attitude towards classic novels?
A．They are boring.
B．They are out of date.
C．They are still received.
2．Why are so many classic novels adapted into films?
A．They are hard to understand.
B．Nowadays few people like to read them.
C．The life today has something in common with that in them.
3．What was usually used to add interest，tension or deeper meaning in the novels?
A．A symbol.
B．A mysterious setting.
C．A complicated plot.
4．When did Pip start a new life?
A．At the age of 18.
B．When he moved to London.
C．When he met Estella.
5．What does Great Expectations tell us?
A．Money is as precious as friendship.
B．Money can't buy anything but friendship and education.
C．Money is less important than friendship.
【答案】　1.C　2.C　3.A　4.B　5.C
Ⅲ.课文缩写
阅读P2－3的Reading部分，完成下面课文缩写
As we all know, classics are the 1. of the literary world. They are examples of great writing and 2. ， and even those written centuries ago can still be found in bookshops and 3. today. Even some films are 4. on them. Charles Dickens is one of England's greatest writers. Great Expectations is one of his famous 5. . The story begins when Pip is seven.
There is a 6. twist in the plot when a very stranger gives Pip a large fortune. Pip moves to London. Money and 7. have changed him. He becomes vain and 8. of his background and even dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him because he isn't a gentleman. He wins Estella's love. But later Pip 9. a lot. He learns happiness and friends are more important than 10. .
【答案】　1.antiques　2.wisdom　3.libraries　4.based　5.works/novels　6.generous　7.education　8.ashamed
9．changes　10.wealth
　
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．Characteristic A．to treat a person or an animal in a
cruel way
2．abuse B．typical or distinctive
3．desperate C．a person who commits a crime
4．criminal D．the feeling of fear and excitement
5．tension E．determined to do or have
6．generous F．not rude
7．vain G．too proud of your appearance,
abilities or achievement
8．civil H．characterized by violence or
bloodshed
9．violent I．giving or willing to give freely
10．bent J．showing extreme urgency or
intensity especially because of great
need or desire
【答案】　1.B　2.A　3.J　4.C　5.D　6.I　7.G　8.F　9.H　10.E
Ⅱ.短语填空
come out; base on; be bent on...; be eager to; live up to; on the run；have nothing to do with; at a time
1．Though he claimed he the case, the police still found evidence to prove him guilty.
2． these principles, I have four proposals.
3．You can't realize your dream unless you achieving it.
4．Congratulations! Your article in yesterday's newspaper.
5．Mom all week preparing for Tom's wedding.
6．She meet people and see places I'd talked about, but it was not easy for her.
【答案】　1.had nothing to do with　2.Based on　3.are bent on　4.came out　5.has been on the run　6.was eager to
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．They are novels，plays and poems that were written a long time ago and were so well written that people still read them nowadays.
它们是很久以前创作的小说，戏剧和诗歌，写得很好，至今人们仍然在阅读这些作品。
2．This makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
这使得一些人阅读起来有困难，所以它们常常被搁置在书架上，积满了灰尘。
3．Pip's sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
皮普的姐姐经常辱骂他，而乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿意看到皮普受到任何伤害。
4．Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London.
当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不乐意。
Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，再通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的学习，让学生能够用英语简单描述所读过的英国文学作品并介绍自己喜爱的作家，以提高学生的口头及书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
“Let's know something about the English literature.”开门见山，直入主题。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。?导入新课。?让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第3～8页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
让学生再次阅读课文以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充老师认为重要的词汇和句型，补充一些必要的练习。?让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
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让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第8页)。?布置作业并预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第8～11页)。
1．This makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.(P2)对有些人来说，读它们是困难的，所以常被搁置在书架上积满了灰尘。
该句使用了“make＋n./pron.＋adj.”复合结构句型。
Tomorrow's journey makes the bikes important for us to repair.明天的旅行使得我们修理自行车变得很重要。
①make＋宾语＋宾补
②当宾语比较长时，常常用“make＋it＋宾补＋宾语”这一结构，it为形式宾语。
③除make外，find，think也可用于此结构。
The Reform and Opening-up makes it important for us to grasp English.改革开放使得我们掌握英语很重要。
【提示】　“make＋宾语＋省略to的不定式”变为被动语态时，to不能省略。
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)New technologies have made
possible to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost.
A．that　　　　　　　 B．this
C．one D．it
【解析】　题干为固定句型：make ＋ it ＋ adj. ＋ to do。其中it作形式宾语，替代动词不定式to turn out new products faster and at a lower cost。句意：新兴科技已经使得以更快的速度、更低的成本生产新产品成为可能。
【答案】　D
　
完成句子
①天气使我们的计划难以完成。
The weather for us to carry out.
②那部电影使她成了明星。
The movie .
③我们的老师使得我们感到更自信了。
Our teacher more confident.
④在交通嘈杂声中他无法使自己的声音提高到让别人听到的程度。
He couldn't above the noise of the traffic.
⑤她明确表示反对。
He that he objected.
⑥她一定要查清楚到底该谁负责。
She her business to find out who was responsible.
【答案】　①made the plan difficult　②made her a star
③makes us feel　④make himself heard　⑤made it clear　⑥made it
2．have nothing to do with与……没有关系
Many people do not read them，because they think classics are old and boring and have nothing to do with life today.(P2)许多人不读经典文学作品是因为觉得它们过时了，枯燥乏味，与今天的生活没有任何关系。
Our decision has nothing to do with the fact that her father is on the committee.
我们的决定与她父亲是委员会成员没有关系。
That has nothing to do with what we were discussing.
那与我们所讨论的问题毫不相干。
①have something/much/a lot/a great deal to do with...与……有(很大)关系
②be related to与……有关系
be concerned in/with与……有关系
　 That has something to do with what we are discussing.
那与我们正讨论的问题有关。
I was related to the matter.
我和那件事有关联。
　
完成句子
①You see，I (和那件事一点关系都没有)．
②It's reported that the ship sinking in Shaoyang (与……有很大关系)an overload.
【答案】　①have nothing to do with that thing
②has much/a lot/a great deal to do with
3．at a time每次；依次；逐一
He first published many novels one chapter at a time in newspapers，and some were later performed on stage.(P2)他的许多小说起初是在报纸上连载的，每次一章，有一些则后来被搬上了舞台。
Take the pills two at a time.每次服两片药。
Don't try to do everything at once；take it a bit at a time.不要什么事都一块儿干，要一次做一点儿。
at one time曾经；一度
at all times总是；随时；永远
at times有时
at the same time同时
at that time那时
at no time决不(放句首时，句子用部分倒装)
　 At one time Emily was my best friend.
艾米丽曾经是我最好的朋友。
I go to school by bus at times.
我有时做公共汽车去上学。
　
完成句子
①Don't all speak at once！ (一次一人)，please.
②He ran up the steps (一步两个台阶)．
③ (以前)most school teachers were men，but today there are more women than men.
单项填空
④Don't try to do everything at once；take it a bit .
A．at one time　　　　B．at a time
C．at the time D．at times
【答案】　①One at a time　②two at a time　③At one time　④B
4．be set in以……为背景
Great Expectations is set in England in the early 1800s.(P3)《远大前程》以19世纪初的英格兰为背景。
The novel is set in pre-war London.
这部小说以战前的伦敦为背景。
The film is set in the 18th century Paris.
这部电影以18世纪的巴黎为背景。
set about着手做……(＋n./doing)
set aside保留，储蓄；暂时把……放在一边
set off出发，动身，启程；引爆
set out 出发，动身；着手做(＋to do)
set up开办，建立，设立；建造，搭起
set back使……退后；使……延迟
　 The company was set up 10 years old.
这家公司是十年前建立的。
We'd better put some money aside for future use.
我们最好储蓄些钱以备将来之需。
【对接高考】
(2013·安徽高考)Traditionally，college students hold a graduation ceremony to encourage themselves before they
on their life journey.
A．give up B．settle down
C．get through D．set off
【解析】　give up放弃；settle down定居，(使)安静下来；get through完成，读完，通过，用完；set off出发，(使)开始，引起。句意：依照惯例，为激励自己，大学生在踏上人生旅程之前会举行一场毕业典礼。根据句意应选D项。
【答案】　D
　
完成句子
①The film (以伦敦为背景的)is about a romantic story.
②He (着手上漆)the whole house.
【答案】　①set in London　②set about painting/set out to paint
5．Pip's sister often abuses him, but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.(P3)
皮普的姐姐经常虐待他，但乔却是一个善良淳朴的人，他宁愿死也不愿看到皮普受到任何伤害。
(1)abuse vt.& n．虐待；辱骂；滥用
Don't abuse your friends.
不要辱骂你的朋友。
It's easy to abuse one's power.
人容易滥用职权。
①abuse one's power滥用权力
②alcohol/tobacco/drug abuse酗酒/嗜烟/滥用毒品
child abuse虐待儿童
　 The major abused his power and was put into prison.
市长滥用职权，被送进了监狱。
The government has set up a working party to look into the problem of drug abuse.
政府已成立了工作组调查滥用毒品问题。
　
完成句子
①她滥用自己作为校长的职权，把工作安排给朋友们。
She as principal by giving jobs to her friends.
②报道此案的新闻记者遭到了恐吓和谩骂。
Journalists covering the case .
③贪污是现代政治的主要弊端之一。
Corruption is in modern politics.
【答案】　①abused her position　②have been threatened and abused　③a major abuse
(2)本句是个复合句。but连接并列句，who引导的是定语从句修饰man。定语从句中使用了“would rather do...than do...”结构，意为“宁可……而不愿……”，用以表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中一件事，而不愿做另一件事。
I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.我宁可在家看电视而不愿去看电影。
Facing the enemies，our soldiers would die rather than surrender.面对敌人，我们的战士宁死不屈。
would do sth.rather than do sth.宁可……而不愿……
would rather(not)do sth.宁愿(不)做某事
would rather(not)have done宁愿曾经(没)做过某事(表示主语要做某事，而结果却事与愿违)
would rather that sb.did sth.宁愿某人做某事(表示现在或将来要做的事)
would rather sb.had done sth.宁愿某人做某事(表示已经做过的事或过去要做的事)
　 I'd rather not have a break now.
我倒宁愿现在不休息。
I would rather I had not said that yesterday.
我宁愿我昨天没说过那种话。
　
完成句子
④我但愿你明天早上能在机场见到她。
I would rather her at the airport tomorrow morning.
⑤我真希望你那天没有把那个消息告诉他。
I would rather him the news that day.
⑥我宁可向朋友借钱，也不愿拒绝帮助你。
refuse to help you，I borrow money from my friends.
【答案】　④you met　⑤you hadn't told　⑥Rather than；would
6．desperate adj.铤而走险的；拼命的；绝望的；非常需要；渴望
Pip, who is seven years old when the story begins, is in a foggy cemetery when a desperate criminal appears and frightens him.(P3)故事开始时，七岁的皮普正在一个浓雾笼罩的墓地中，就在这时一个穷凶极恶的罪犯突然出现了并恐吓他。
A desperate man will stop at nothing to get what he wants.
一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
当丢了所有的钱时他绝望了。
be desperate for渴望……，迫切需要……
be desperate to do sth.非常想做某事
desperately adv.绝望地，拼命地
desperation n. 拼命；铤而走险
　 He is desperate to pass the entrance exam.
他非常渴望通过入学考试。
He was desperate for work to provide for a large family.
他渴望有工作来供养一个大家庭。
　
单项填空
He has been out of work for a long time, so he is
to get a job.
A．special B．particular
C．desperate D．stubborn
【解析】　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他已经下岗很久了，因此他特别想找一份工作。desperate“非常需要，渴望”，符合句意。special“特别的，专门的”；particular“尤其，特别”；stubborn“固执的”。
【答案】　C
7．generous adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的
There is a twist in the plot when a very generous stranger gives Pip a large fortune.(P3)
当一位非常慷慨的陌生人给了皮普一大笔钱的时候，故事情节发生了曲折变化。
She was always very generous in her charity.
她行善时总是很慷慨。
She was generous enough to overlook my little mistake.她非常宽宏大量，不计较我的小错误。
be generous with对于……很慷慨
be generous in在……方面慷慨
be generous to sb.对某人很慷慨
It's generous of sb.to do sth.
某人真慷慨/宽宏大量做……
　 It was generous of her to contribute such a large sum.
她很大方，捐助了这么大笔钱。
【对接高考】
(2013·湖北高考)He didn't selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a
contribution to help the community.
A．commercial B．generous
C．comparable D．profitable
【解析】　commercial“商业的，商务的”；generous“慷慨的，大方的”；comparable“类似的，比得上的”；profitable“有利可图的”。根据关键词instead可知，前后语意相反，make a contribution表示“捐献”，因此B项“慷慨的，大方的”符合语境。句意：他没有自私地把从叔叔那里继承的钱自己留着，而是慷慨捐赠出去以帮助社区。
【答案】　B
　
单项填空
He provides 1,000 books for the primary school.He is a
contributor.
A．generous B．generously
C．rich D．generosity
【解析】　考查词语辨析。句意：他为小学提供了1000本书，是一位慷慨的捐助者。generous意为“慷慨的，大方的”，作定语。B、D两项分别是该词的副词和名词形式，不可选；rich不符合句意。
【答案】　A
8．vain adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
Money and education, however, change him, and before long he becomes vain and ashamed of his background.(P3)然而，金钱和教育改变了他，不久后他变得虚荣，对自己的出身感到羞愧。
She is a vain woman.她是个虚荣的女人。
He is vain of his learning.
他对自己的学问很自负。
in vain徒劳，白费力气地
a vain attempt/effort徒劳的尝试/努力
　 All the police's efforts to find him were in vain.
警察想尽各种各样的办法要找到他，但是所有的努力都是徒劳的。
They tried in vain to persuade him to give up smoking.
他们极力劝说他放弃吸烟，但枉费了一番口舌。
　
完成句子
①成功后，他变得自负起来。
After his success, he .
②我们所有的努力都付之东流了，也就是说我们又失败了。
All our efforts were ； that is to say, we failed again.
【答案】　①became vain　②in vain
9．Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London.(P3)当乔来伦敦看他时，皮普并不乐意。
句中it是宾语，dislike it when...是一个常用句型。
He disliked it when she behaved badly in front of his mother.他讨厌她在他母亲面前举止不当。
I dislike it when I have to speak in French on the phone.
当我不得不用法语打电话时，我感到很讨厌。
①like, enjoy, love, hate, dislike, appreciate等表“喜怒哀乐”的及物动词，需跟it再跟从句。
②see to, depend on, lie in等由动词和介词构成的动词短语后接that宾语从句时，先加形式宾语it，再接that从句。
　 I will appreciate it if you can help me.
如果您能帮忙，我将不胜感激。
I shall see to it that he is taken good care of when you are absent.你不在的时候我一定会负责把他照顾好的。
　
句型转换
①I don't like the way that you speak to your mother.
→I you speak to your mother in that way.
完成句子
②如果您能带我去看下一届奥运会，我将不胜感激。
you could take me to watch the next Olympic Games.
【答案】　①dislike it when　②I would appreciate it if
10．be bent on (doing)sth.决心做某事
Pip is bent on becoming a gentleman and winning Estella's love.(P3)皮普一心要成为一名绅士，赢得埃斯特拉的芳心。
If you are bent on carrying out your plan，you should give your careful attention to it.
要是你决意执行你的计划，你应该仔细考虑一下。
She's bent on a career on the stage.
她倾心于舞台生涯。
bend one's mind to sth.专心于某事
bend to...屈服于……；顺从于……
bend down弯腰
bend over俯身靠近；弯身作拱形
　 He bent all his mind to studying.他专心致志地学习。
The tall man bent down to get through the doorway.
那位高个的男子弯腰为了通过那道门廊。
　
单项填空
①Can you and touch your toes without ？
A．bend down；bending your knees
B．bend over；bending your knees
C．bend down；bend your knees
D．bend over；bend your knees
【解析】　考查短语辨析。句意：不要弯曲膝盖，你能弯腰触及你的脚趾吗？bend down“弯腰”；bend over“俯身靠近”。without是介词，其后应接bending，故选择A项。
【答案】　A
完成句子
②这位老人决定自己一个人生活。
The old man .
③她总是专心致志于她的工作。
She always .
【答案】　②is bent on living alone　③bends her mind to her job
11．violent adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的
The film begins the same way as the novel does—with Finn (Pip)meeting a violent criminal on the run from the police，and then with Finn going to a rich and crazy woman's house to be Estella's companion.(P5)
影片的开头和小说的一样，费恩遇上一个在躲避警察的粗暴罪犯，后来费恩到了一位富有而行为古怪的妇人家里成为了埃斯特拉的伙伴。
Children should not be allowed to watch violent movies.不应允许儿童看暴力电影。
He gave the man a violent blow.
他给了那个人猛烈的一击。
violently adv.粗暴地；凶狠地；激烈地；猛烈地
violence n．暴力，暴行；猛烈，激烈，激情
take...by violence强夺……
　 As far as I know，the city was taken by violence at that time.据我所知，这座城市当时是被强夺过来的。
　
完成句子
①The boy shook his head (拼命地)．
②The force has made several (猛烈攻击)on the hill.
③The man behaved violently and treated everything with (暴力)．
【答案】　①violently　②violent attacks　③violence
12．live up to达到，符合(期望)；实践
However, if you liked the book, you should probably not be too eager to see the film, as it is not likely to live up to your great expectations.(P5)
然而，如果你喜欢这本书，你大概不会太渴望看这部电影，因为它很可能达不到你的期望。
There is no doubt that he faithfully lived up to his promise.毫无疑问他忠实地履行了他的诺言。
The players failed to live up to their coach's expectations of them.选手们辜负了教练对他们的期望。
live a．..life过着……的生活
live through经历(艰难或险境)
live with忍受(不快的事)；与……住在一起
live on继续存在下去，依靠……生活
　 I had to live on bread and water when I was a student.
我上学时只能靠粗茶淡饭生活。
I just had to learn to live with the pain.
我不得不学会忍受痛苦。
　
单项填空
Had she her promise, she would have made it to Yale University.
A．looked up to B．lived up to
C．kept up with D．come up with
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句意：如果她当年履行了自己的诺言，她就能进入耶鲁大学了。live up to“实践，履行(诺言)”，符合句意。look up to“抬头看，尊重”；live up to“履行，实行”；keep up with“跟上”；come up with“赶上，想出，提出”。
【答案】　B
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够把英语表达中的否定陈述初步用法用于平日的写作练习中。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握否定词、否定句非常重要。给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。?导入新课。?让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第8～11页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分，(见学案第10～11页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充老师认为重要的词汇和句型，补充一些必要的练习。?让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　?
老师对语法部分给以点拨，让学生掌握本单元语法知识。?布置作业，并预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第12～18页)。
1．English literature，especially English fiction，is of great significance in the literary world.(P7)
英国文学，特别是英国虚构类作品，在文学界具有重大意义。
该句使用了“of＋n.”结构。该结构中的名词是抽象名词，相当于其名词相对应的形容词的意思，说明被修饰成分具有某种特征或属性。常见的名词有use，importance，value，help，benefit，interest等，抽象名词之前可用great，no，some，little，any等修饰，以表示不同的程度。
I hope this information will be of use to you.
我希望这个消息对你有用。
The research is of great interest to many people.
这项研究令许多人都极感兴趣。
①“of＋n.”结构中的名词表示种类、数量、度量等时，表示不同的人或物的共同特征，此时名词前通常有冠词或the same，同时也可用其他形式表达。常见的名词有size，height，length，weight，age，depth，kind，type，shape，colour，price等。
②“of＋n.”结构可用来表示主语的根源关系，此时的名词多为表示亲属、血统、种族、国籍以及出处的名词，常见的名词有family，blood，race，origin等。
③“of＋n.”结构相当于形容词，在句中可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。
　 The two newly-built skyscrapers are of the same shape.
新建的两座摩天大楼形状一样。
They are two of a kind.他俩是一路货色。
　
完成句子
他俩长得差不多一样高。
①They both are almost height.
②They both are almost height.
③They both are almost height.
【答案】　①of a　②of the same　③the same in
2．have appeal to对……有吸引力，向……发出呼吁
Science fiction，romance and detective stories，like those about Sherlock Holmes，have great appeal to many young people.(P7)
科幻小说，爱情小说，像那些关于夏洛克·福尔摩斯的侦探小说都对许多年轻人有很大的吸引力。
This kind of music has great appeal to the children.
这种音乐对这些儿童有很大的吸引力。
It therefore should have appeal to a wide variety of potential buyers.因此，它应该会吸引各种各样的潜在买家。
①make an appeal to sb.向某人发起呼吁；吸引某人
②appeal (to sb.) for sth.为……(向某人)呼吁
appeal to sb. to do sth.恳请某人干某事
appeal to...求助于；呼吁；对……有吸引力
　 She made the last appeal to her father to forgive her.
她最后一次请求父亲原谅她。
The company is appealing to everyone to save power and water.公司正呼吁大家节约水电。
　
完成句子
①她并不喜欢他。
He doesn't her.
②我呼吁你们想想我们的孩子。
I our children.
【答案】　①appeal to　②appeal to you to think of
3．Oliver gets arrested by the police and is taken to court.(P9)奥利弗被警察逮捕并被送上了法庭。
句中的gets arrested是“get＋过去分词”结构。该结构中get被用来代替be动词，和过去分词连用，构成被动结构，表示某一事件或事故的发生，着重强调动作的结果。
He got lost in the forest.
他们在森林里迷了路。
They planned to get married next year.
他们打算明年结婚。
“get＋过去分词”型短语：
get dressed穿好衣服　　　get hurt受伤
get engaged订婚 get paid得到报酬
get lost迷路 get married结婚
get divorced离婚 get drunk喝醉
get burnt烧伤 get separated被分开
get punished受惩罚
　 He insisted that he didn't get drunk at the party.
他坚持说在宴会上他并没有喝醉。
If you don't obey the rules, you'll get punished.
如果你不遵守规则，就会受到惩罚。
【对接高考】
(2012·辽宁高考)Mum, I was wondering if you could lend me a few dollars until I on Friday.
A．get paid　　　　　　　B．got paid
C．have paid D．had been paid
【解析】　考查动词时态和语态。在时间状语从句中用一般现在时表将来，且I与pay之间是动宾关系，所以选A。
【答案】　A
　
完成句子
①我必须8点前穿好衣服。
I have before eight o'clock.
②他的汽车周末被偷了。
His car at the weekend.
③我没时间换衣服。
I had no time .
用所给词的正确形式填空
④We got (catch)in a traffic jam.
⑤Eventually the story got (translate)into English.
⑥He got (kill)when he was crossing the road.
【答案】　①to get dressed　②got stolen　③to get changed　④caught　⑤translated　⑥killed
4．resist v．反抗，抵制，抵挡；使不受……的伤害；忍住
Fagin and his group of criminals find him and drag him back into the life of crime, pressuring him with the threat of violence if he resists.(P9)
费金和他的犯罪同伙找到了他并拉他重新犯罪。如果他拒绝，就用暴力威胁逼迫他。
My daughter has a sweet tooth and she can't resist eating ice cream.
我女儿喜欢吃甜食，她无法抗拒冰淇淋的诱惑。
The rebel army resisted the police.
叛军反抗警察。
①resist (doing) sth.抵制/反对(做)某事
can't resist doing sth.
忍不住做某事；无法抗拒做某事的诱惑
②resistant adj.抵抗的，有抵抗力的；阻止的
be resistant to sth.对……有抵抗力；抵制……
③resistance n．反抗；抵制
　 They are determined to resist pressure to change the law.他们决心顶住要求改革法律的压力。
The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates.
银行强烈反对降低利率。
【提示】　resist表示“忍住”，常与表否定意义的can't/can hardly/be not able to连用，resist之后常接名词、代词或动名词，而不接不定式。
　
完成句子
①I (忍不住想玩) computer games when I sit down.
② At first they for reform(抵制改革的号召)．
【答案】　①can't resist playing　②resisted the call
5．reunite vi.&vt.(使)重逢，再相聚；再联合
Unless Oliver can escape, he will never be reunited with Mr. Barnlow...(P9)除非奥利弗能够逃脱，否则他将永远不能和巴罗先生再在一起……
She is trying her best to reunite with her father.
她想方设法与父亲团聚。
reunite with sb. 和某人团聚
　 The lost girl was finally reunited with her parents.
走失的女孩终于同父母重新团聚了。
　
完成句子
①When I go back to Chengdu tomorrow, we'll
(团聚)．
② He believes the two parts of North and South Korea will (迟早重新统一)．
【答案】　①reunite　②reunite sooner or later
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，注意它们在语法形式和语意上的不同。
①I'm afraid you have not appreciated the urgency of the matter.
②In the short term，the medicine may not be very effective.
③The job does not require any formal training.
④This kind of fast food is not fit for my appetite.
⑤No horse has a speed comparable to that of his.
⑥I seldom go home after five o'clock in the afternoon.
[自我总结]　
1．句①，句②，句③，句④的否定形式为：助动词、 、助动词、 ＋not构成否定形式。
2．句⑤中的no本身为否定意义，其后跟 。
3．句⑥中的seldom本身为 ，表示否定意义。
【答案】　1.情态动词；系动词　2.名词　3.否定副词
否定词和否定陈述
一、常用否定词
1．英语中否定含义的表达形式多种多样，可以用not, no, never, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere等否定词来表达否定之意。
We have not signed any agreement.
我们没有签署任何协议。
They never have time to go to the cinema during the weekdays.
他们从星期一到星期五从来都没有时间去看电影。
2．可以用hardly, scarcely, seldom, little, few等半否定词来表达否定之意。
Now she hardly had strength to open the carriage door.
此刻她几乎没有力气打开车厢的门。
Unfortunately, very few people have played in this space.
遗憾的是，目前只有极少数的人涉足这个领域。
3．可以用含否定意义的前缀de，dis，il，im，in，ir，non，un，under等构成的词表达否定之意；也可以用后缀less，free，proof等构成的词表达否定之意。
Today it is impossible to cure cancer completely.
目前要完全治愈癌症是不可能的。
Second, it is also useless to worry about the future.
其次，为未来而担忧也是没有用的。
4．其他表达否定意义的词组及固定搭配：far from, rather than, other than, free from, would rather... than...等。
Your work is far from being satisfactory.
你的工作一点也不令人满意。
The truth is quite other than what you think.
事实真相同你想的完全不同。
二、否定句
1．全部否定
no，not，never，none，nobody，nothing，nowhere，neither...nor结构均表示完全否定，在汉语中体现为“绝对不”，“没有”，“远不(非)……”，“一点也不”，“根本不……”，“无论如何也没有……”等。
None of my friends smokes.
我的朋友都不吸烟。
The book is nowhere to be found.
那本书哪儿也找不到。
2．部分否定
英语中一些含有总括含义的代词、形容词或副词，当用于否定句中时，只否定一部分，而不是完全否定。如all, everybody (everyone), everything, anyone (anybody), anything, anywhere, everywhere, always, quite, both, entirely, altogether等词与not连用时，在汉语中译为“……不全是……”，“不都是……”，“并非全都是……”，“不总是……”等。
He is not absolutely wrong.他并不完全错。
Not everyone was for my plan.
并不是每个人都赞同我的计划。
3．双重否定
双重否定，意义肯定：指同一句中有两处具有否定含义，但表达的意义是肯定的，通常比肯定句的语气要重。译成汉语时可以译成肯定形式，也可以保持双重否定形式。用于表示双重否定的词或结构有：no...not; no/not...without; cannot but do(不得不); cannot help doing; cannot help but do; without doubt; without fail; not seldom(常常); not displeased(满意的)等。
Nobody does nothing.人人都要做事。
We cannot help admiring his bravery.
我们不得不佩服他的勇敢。
He is not displeased with my answer.
他对我的回答感到满意。
4．某些结构表达否定意义
(1)too...to(太……而不能)
He's too small to do that.
他太小了，干不了那件事。
(2)more A than B(与其B不如A)，more than＋含有can 的从句(不能)。
He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。
Your problem is more than I can deal with.
你的问题我解决不了。
(3)比较级＋than＋不定式(不至于做)。
You should know better than to play football in the classroom.你应该明白不该在教室里踢足球的。
He was wiser than to have done such a thing.
他不至于愚蠢到做出这样的事情。
5．连词before，unless等引导的状语从句可以表达否定意义
He slipped out before the meeting started.
会议还没开始，他就悄悄地溜出去了。
Unless you put on your overcoat, you'll catch a cold.
如果你不穿大衣，就会着凉。
6．虚拟语气可以表达否定意义
But for your coming, I should have been very lonely.
要不是你来了，我会感到很寂寞的。
【图解助记】
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)理解课文，掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(3)能够用英语简述罗伯特·彭斯和他的诗歌。
(4)掌握文学评论的写法。
●教学地位
本课时的主要内容是了解罗伯特·彭斯以及他的诗歌的创作风格；同时要求学生掌握文学评论的写法，因为写文学评论是高考作文中以及日常生活中常见的一种应用文体。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
问题导入法：Do you know Robert Burns? Which poem of his do you like best? Give your own reasons.
●教学流程设计
检查上堂课所布置作业。?导入新课。?学生快速阅读课文，并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。
?
学生共同讨论，师生统一答案。?让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“文本感知”部分(见学案第12页)。?学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见，老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　?
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第12～18页)。?学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。?学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第18页)。
?
老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第19页)。?让学生做“课时作业”。?自我评估(见学案第18页)。
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P14－15课文，判断正误
1．Robert Burns died at the age of 37 because of a hard life and weak health.(　　)
2．The poem “A Red，Red Rose” was published two years after his death.(　　)
3．Freedom and beauty are the themes of the poetry of the Romantic Movement.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.F　3.T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P14－15课文，选择最佳答案
1．What made Burns full of inspiration to write poems?
A．Making a fortune.
B．Love.
C．Staying at home without work.
D．Intending to become famous.
2．Why did Burns die at an early age?
A．Because he lost his hope for life.
B．Because he was so sad to lose his first love.
C．Because he lived a hard life and his health was poor as well.
D．Because he was killed by others.
3．What is the main theme in romantic poetry?
A．Love.　　　　　　　B．Friendship.
C．Person. D．Nature.
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.D
1．worn-out adj.破烂不堪的，废旧的；精疲力竭的
“Look at you two with your stupid ball and worn-out sneakers，” Steven laughed and said.(P11)
“看看你们两个，还有你们愚蠢的球和破烂的运动鞋。”斯蒂芬边笑边说道。
All his worn-out socks and shoes were thrown away by his wife.他的破鞋烂袜子都被他的妻子扔掉了。
They were worn-out after a long day spent working in the fields.
他们在地里干了一整天的活儿，累得疲惫不堪。
wear out用坏，(使)磨损
wear sb. out使某人极度疲乏
wear off渐渐减少；消逝
wear away消磨，打发，虚度；(时光等)流逝
　 The effects of the drug began to wear off.
药效开始逐渐消退了。
Apart from tears, only time could wear everything away.除了眼泪，只有时间可以消磨一切。
【对接高考】
(2013·江西高考)Mother always complains that children
their shoes very quickly.
A．find out　　　　 B．wash out
C．wear out D．set out
【解析】　四个选项均为动词短语：find out意为“查明”；wash out意为“洗净”；wear out意为“用坏，穿破”；set out意为“动身，出发”。句意：妈妈总是抱怨孩子们很快就把鞋子穿烂了。根据语境判断，此处用C项最为合适。
【答案】　C
　
单项填空
After the long walk, my legs and I couldn't go any further.
A．gave out B．worn out
C．gave up D．gave away
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句意：走了很长的路后，我的腿发软了，再也走不动了。give out“停止运转，用完，耗尽”，符合句意。worn out“精疲力竭”，为形容词短语；give up“放弃”；give away“赠送，泄露”。
【答案】　A
2．Later that day, a pair of brand new sneakers lay next to his chair, and in the corner was a new soccer ball.(P11)那天晚些时候，一双崭新的运动鞋摆在了他的椅子旁边，角落里还有个新足球。
句中介词短语in the corner放于句首引起全部倒装。
In front of the house sat an old man.
房屋前坐着一位老人。
Just in the corner stands a bookstore.
就在拐角处有一家书店。
①以here, there, now, then等开头，谓语动词为be, come, go, lie, appear等的句子要全部倒装(如果主语是人称代词，则主谓不使用倒装结构)。
②为使表达生动，以out, in, up, away, down等副词开头的句子要全部倒装(如果主语是人称代词，则主谓不使用倒装结构)。
③为保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接更紧密，可把介词短语和形容词提前构成全部倒装结构。
　 There appeared to be a man in black in the distance.
远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。
In came a girl wearing a white skirt with two long pigtails.
进来一个小姑娘，穿着白色裙子，梳着两条长辫子。
Present at the meeting were experts on AIDS.
出席会议的是艾滋病方面的专家。
　
完成句子
①这儿有一些有趣的故事给你读。
some interesting stories for you to read.
②从窗户里传出了美妙的音乐。
came out the sweet music.
③从前村里住着六位盲人。
Once upon a time six blind men in a village.
【答案】　①Here are　②Through the window
③there lived
3．talent n．天才，天赋，才能，天资；人才
Mike's sneakers were old and muddy，and he had little talent for soccer.(P11)迈克的运动鞋又旧又沾满了泥巴，并且他几乎没有踢足球的天分。
She showed considerable talent for getting what she wanted.她很有天资，能够心想事成。
He is a great talent.他是个了不起的人才。
①have a talent(gift)for 在……方面有才华/天赋
②talented adj.有才能的，天才的；有才干的
be talented(gifted)at/in 在……方面有才华/天赋
　 He is a talented player.他是个天才运动员。
John is talented in painting wild life.
约翰擅长野外生活的绘画。
　
单项填空
He will be a promising musician，because he has
music.
A．much talent for B．much talent of
C．many talents for D．many talents of
【解析】　表示某人“对……很有天赋”，要用have much talent for，talent此时为不可数名词，与其搭配的介词为for。
【答案】　A
4．let out发出(声音等)；使……出去，放出；泄露(秘密等)；放宽(衣服等)，放大
Kevin let out a sad sigh.(P11)凯文悲叹了一声。
At the sight of the snake，she let out a scream.
一看到那条蛇，她发出一声尖叫。
He's getting so fat that his trousers need to be let out round the waist.他愈来愈胖，他的裤腰需要放宽。
let sb.alone 不打扰，不惊动
let sth.alone 不碰；不变动
let sb.down 不能帮助；使失望；放下
let alone 更不用说
let sb./sth. go放开，松手；放弃
　 They felt the school system had let them down.
他们感到学校的制度令他们失望。
The boy was angry.Let him alone.
这个男孩很生气。别管他。
　
完成句子
①她连自行车都不会骑，更别说开小汽车了。
She can't ride a bicycle， drive a car.
②如果你考试不及格，你会令你父母失望的。
If you don't pass the exam，you'll .
③一只蜜蜂蜇了约翰。他大叫一声跑回家了。
A bee stung John.He a yell and ran home.
【答案】　①let alone　②let your parents down
③let out
5．pick up拿起；拾起；捡起
As his sadness turned to anger，he picked up his new soccer ball and kicked it into the air.(P11)
随着他的伤心转为气愤，他拿起新足球踢向空中。
He saw a wallet lying on the ground，bent and picked it up.他看到地上有个钱包，便弯腰捡了起来。
She picked up the phone and dialed the number.
她拿起电话，拨了号码。
pick up用车接某人，让人搭车；偶尔习得；接收；继续讲；沾染/养成(习惯)；好转，改善
pick out挑出；拣出；辨认出；领会，理解
　 We were able to pick up the BBC World Service.
我们能收到英国广播公司国际广播节目。
Can you pick out your sister in the crowd?
你能在人群中辨认出你的妹妹吗？
【对接高考】
(2012·四川高考)It's surprising that your brother
Russian so quickly—he hasn't lived there very long.
A．picked up B．looked up
C．put up D．made up
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句意：你的哥哥这么快就学会了俄语，真令人吃惊——他在那儿住的时间并不是很长。pick up偶然学会，捡起；look up向上看，查字典；put up张贴，搭起；make up构成，组成。根据句意，故选A。
【答案】　A
　
译出下列句中画线部分的汉语意思
①I will pick you up at nine o'clock.
②If you go to England，you'll soon pick up English.
③Pick up your luggage and let's start off.
④His trade is picking up again.
⑤He picked up the story where he had left it the day before.
⑥We pick up BBC English every day.
【答案】　①用车接人　②学会　③拾起　④好转，有起色　⑤接着讲　⑥收听
6．Holding it in his hands，he sat down on the old bench and waited.(P11)
他把它(球)捧在手中，坐在旧长凳上等着。
现在分词短语holding it in his hands作伴随状语。现在分词(短语)作状语(其逻辑主语必须和主语保持一致)可表时间、原因、方式、结果、条件、让步、伴随等。
Not knowing what to do，he went to his parents for help.不知如何办是好，他去找父母帮忙。(表原因)
They stood by the roadside talking about the plan.
他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。(表伴随)
①现在分词(短语)作状语，其逻辑主语和句子的主语不一致时，应该加上分词的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。
②现在分词(短语)作状语，若它所表示的动作发生在谓语动作之前，须用having done结构。
　 Time permitting，we'll do another two exercises.
如果时间允许，我们将做另外两项练习。
Having failed many times，he didn't lose heart.
尽管失败了很多次，他仍不灰心。
【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考) the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
【解析】　句意：发现这门课程很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。
【答案】　B
　
完成句子
①见到猫，老鼠就跑了。
，the mouse ran off.
②得知许多人需要医疗帮助，我决定做一名志愿者。
a lot of people needed medical help，I decided to be a volunteer.
③虽然被告诉过好多次了，但他仍然重复犯同样的错误。
many times，he still repeated the same mistake.
④如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。
，we are going to visit you tomorrow.
句型转换
⑤When she heard the news，the poor little girl burst into tears.
，the poor little girl burst into tears.
⑥When night came on，we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
，we put ourselves up in a small hotel.
【答案】　①Seeing the cat　②Knowing　③Having been told　④Weather permitting　⑤Hearing the news　⑥Night coming on
7．rescue n．& vi.& vt.救援；营救
My favourite character in ‘The Attic’ is Stuart，who comes to her rescue and adds some comedy to this otherwise dark tale.(P12)
《阁楼》中我最喜爱的人物是斯图尔特，他救援她并给这相对暗淡的故事增添了一些喜剧色彩。
They managed to rescue all the people in the flood.
他们设法把所有处于洪水中的人们营救出来了。
Storms delayed the rescue of the crash victims.
暴风雨延误了营救车祸遇难者的工作。
rescue sb./sth.from从……拯救某人/某物
come to one's /the rescue救援(某人)；帮助(某人)
　 He had been trying to rescue a young woman from an arranged marriage to an elderly relative.他曾一直设法解救一个因包办婚姻要嫁给年老亲戚的年轻女子。
A wealthy sponsor came to our rescue with a generous donation.有个富有的赞助人慷慨捐赠来解救我们。
rescue/save
rescue
意为“营救；援救”，强调从危险等情况中快速实施援救。
save
意为“挽救；拯救”，可以表示医生对病人生命的挽救，也可以救别人于危难之中，还可以表示对事业等其他形势的挽救。
　
单项填空
The boy his stamp album from the burning house.
A．rescued B．delivered
C．saved D．relieved
【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：男孩从失火的房子里抢救出他的集邮册。deliver“输送”；save“挽救”；relieve“缓解”；rescue“指从迫在眉睫的危险中抢救出来”。
【答案】　A
8．reputation n．名誉；名声；名望
Burns had a reputation for being funny and pleasant to be around.(P14)彭斯以风趣和友善而四处闻名。
This store has an excellent reputation for fair dealing.
这家商店因公平交易而获得好名声。
Ji Xianlin earned a high reputation for his learning.
季羡林在学识方面享有很高的声誉。
have a good/bad reputation有好/坏名声
have a reputation for...因……有名
earn/build/establish a reputation
赢得/确立/树立声誉
live up to one's reputation不负盛名；名不虚传
damage/ruin sb.'s reputation有损/毁坏某人的名声
　 He has a reputation for finishing work on time.
他按时完成工作尽人皆知。
This will ruin my reputation.
这个将会毁坏我的名声。
fame/reputation/honour
fame
n.声誉，名声，名誉。着重指好的名声。
reputation
n.名誉，名声。通常指公众对某人的看法，这种看法可能是好的，也可能是坏的。
honour
n.& v．荣誉，敬意，崇敬。作为动词，意思是给……以荣誉，赏光；使感到荣幸。
　
用fame/reputation/honour填空
①The soldiers knew that they were fighting for the of their country.
②The restaurant gained a for bad food.
③She won overnight with her first novel.
完成句子
④作为作家，她已经小有名气。
She had already begun as a writer.
⑤英国的天气真是名副其实。
The weather in England is .
【答案】　①honour　②reputation　③fame　④to earn/build/establish a reputation或to win/achieve/gain fame　⑤living up to its reputation
9．debt n．债务，欠款
However，he came from a poor family with many debts，and did not ever make a lot of money.(P14)
然而，他出生在一个负债累累的贫困家庭，而且他从来没有挣到过很多钱。
I'm heavily in debt at the moment，but hope to be out of debt when I get paid.
现在我欠债很多，但希望在发了工资后能付清。
It's much easier to get into debt than to get out of debt.借债容易还债难。
in debt欠债；负债
out of debt不欠债
in sb.'s debt/in debt to sb.
欠某人的情；受某人的恩惠
get/run/fall into debt借债；负债
pay off debts/get out of debt还清债务
　 You saved my life.I am forever in your debt.
你救了我的命。我永远感恩不尽。
If we spend more than our income, we'll run into debt.
要是我们花的比挣的多，我们就会欠债。
　
单项填空
①I'll always be to you for your help.
A．in debt B．debt
C．running into debt D．debts
【解析】　考查短语搭配。句意：你帮助了我，我会一直感激你的。be in debt to sb.“欠某人的情，感激某人”，是固定搭配。
【答案】　A
完成句子
②为了还清债务，他夜以继日地工作。
He worked day and night to .
③我们穷是穷，但从不负债。
We were poor but we never .
④人一生很难不负债。
It's hard for one to be all his life.
【答案】　②pay off debts　③got into debt　④out of debt
10．Burns was by then a famous poet，but was not any richer and had to earn his income by farming.(P14)彭斯当时是有名的诗人，但他并不富裕多少，不得不靠做农活挣得收入。
该句为简单句，连词but和and连接的是并列谓语。其中any用来修饰比较级richer。any常用于疑问句或否定句中修饰比较级。
Do you feel any better？你感觉好些了吗？
I can't walk any farther.我再也不能往前走了。
在肯定句中修饰比较级的单词或短语有：many，much，far，by far，a little，a bit，a lot，a great deal，greatly，even，still等。
　 She has made far greater progress this term.
她这一学期取得了更大的进步。
　
单项填空
I wish you'd do talking and some more work.Thus things will become better.
A．a bit less B．any less
C．much more D．a little more
【解析】　考查比较级的用法。句意：我希望你少一点空谈，多做一些工作，这样一切就会更好一些。在肯定句中用a bit修饰比较级，故选A项。any常用在疑问句或否定句中修饰比较级。
【答案】　A
11．adore vt.热爱；喜爱；爱慕
From this we can see how much the Scottish people adored Burns.(P14)
从中我们可以看出苏格兰人民多么爱彭斯。
She adores her parents a lot.她很爱她的父母。
I adore watching the basketball match.
我非常喜欢看篮球比赛。
①adore doing sth.喜爱做某事
adore sb.for sth.因某事而敬重某人
②adorable adj.值得爱慕的；可爱的
adoring adj.敬慕的；崇拜的
adoration n．爱慕；敬慕
adorer n．崇拜者
　 She adores working for children.她热爱为儿童工作。
　
单项填空
①Premier Zhou Enlai is for his excellent qualities all over the world.
A．adopted B．adapted
C．adjusted D．adored
【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：周恩来总理以其优秀的品质为世人所敬重。adopt“采取，采用，收养”；adapt“适应”；adjust“调整，调节”；adore“敬慕，爱慕”。根据句意，选择D项。
【答案】　D
完成句子
②你将会非常喜欢这部电影。
You will .
③他非常喜欢参观博物馆。
He museums.
【答案】　②adore this film　③adores visiting
12．The poetry of this period often focuses on concepts like freedom and beauty, and tends to use imagination and touch on strong feelings.(P14)
这个时期的诗歌通常关注比如自由和美这样的观念，并且倾向于使用想象，并涉及强烈的情感。
(1)focus on (upon)集中(注意力、精力等)于；聚集于；使 (眼睛)注视
The noise made it hard for me to focus on work.
噪音让我无法集中注意力工作。
The media often focus on the important events occurring nowadays.
当今媒体经常关注所发生的重大事件。
focus one's eyes/attention/mind on 把目光/注意力/精力集中到……上
concentrate on(＝focus on)集中精力于
concentrate/fix one's attention on把注意力集中到……上
　 Focus your attention on her, and keep listening until you truly understand.
把注意力集中到她身上，一直到你听懂为止。
Concentrate on your work and sooner or later you'll succeed.集中精力工作，迟早你会成功的。
　
单项填空
①If you your attention what you are learning, you will succeed.
A．focus；on B．pay；on
C．focus；to D．pay；to
【解析】　句意：如果你集中精力于你所学的东西，你会成功的。focus one's attention on“集中精力于”，为固定搭配。
【答案】　A
(2)touch on谈及，涉及
Our conversation touched on many subjects.
我们的谈话涉及到许多题目。
He is reading all the current publications touching on his field of research.
最近出版的涉及他研究范围的书刊，他都在读。
表示“谈及，涉及”的短语还有：refer to, deal with
　 He referred to the housing problem at the meeting.
在会议上他谈到了住房问题。
It is a painting dealing with nature.
这幅画涉及到大自然。
　
单项填空
②The speaker several other subjects in the course of his talk but mostly kept himself to the main topic.
A．held on B．worked out
C．touched on D．kept out of
【解析】　句意：尽管演讲者在报告过程中涉及了其他几个领域的问题，但大都切合主题。touch on“提到，谈到”，符合句意。hold on“坚持”；work out“解决”；keep out of“避免”。
【答案】　C
13．This is probably why Burns talked about a rose in his famous poem, “A Red, Red Rose”．(P14)
这可能就是彭斯在他著名的诗歌《一朵红红的玫瑰》里评论玫瑰的原因。
This/That is why...意为“这/那就是……的原因”，why引导表语从句。
That is why you see this old woman before you now.
那就是现在这个老太太出现在你面前的原因。
She doesn't feel well; this is why she wouldn't like to go out today.
她觉得不舒服，这就是她今天不想出去的原因。
①That/This is because...“那/这是因为……” (that/this表示结果，because引导表语从句，从句表示原因)
②The reason why(＝for which)．..is that...“……的原因是……”(why引导定语从句，并在从句中作状语，that引导表语从句，不可换成because)
③It/ That is the reason why...意为“那是……的原因”，其中why引导的一个定语从句。
　 This is the reason why I can't agree.
那就是我不同意的原因。
He didn't see the film last night. That is because he had to help his little sister with her homework.
昨天晚上他没有去看电影。那是因为他得帮助他的小妹妹做作业。
　
完成句子
他迟到的原因是他起床晚了。
He was late for class. he got up late.
＝ he was late was that he got up late.
＝He got up late. he was late for class.
【答案】　That was because；The reason why/for which; That was why
14．intend vi.& vt.打算；计划；想要
The poem was published in 1794 and，like many of Buins's poems，it was intended to be a song.(P14)
这首诗发表于1794年，和许多彭斯的诗一样，它原是为歌咏而作。
The course is intended to help the beginners.
这门课程是为帮助初学者而设计的。
The meeting is intended to tell people the importance of protecting wildlife.
这次会议意在告诉人们保护野生动物的重要性。
①intend to do sth. 打算做某事
intend sb.to do sth.打算让某人做某事
intend that... 建议；主张
②be intended for 为……打算/设计的
③intention n．意图；目的；打算
　 I had no intension of changing my mind.
我不打算改变我的想法。
【提示】　had intended that.../to do和intended to have done表示本来打算干某事，但实际上未做成。类似用法还有hope，mean，wish，want，expect等。
　
单项填空
①Bob Geldof，who organized Live Aid， to raise money for the famine and it to be a great success.
A．intended；turned out B．tried；turned over
C．hoped；turned in D．wished；turned up
【解析】　考查动词及动词短语的含义。intend“打算”；turn out“结果”。
【答案】　A
②The chair was you，but she took it away.
A．meant for B．intended for
C．intended to D．meant to
【解析】　句意：那把椅子原本是为你准备的，但是被她拿走了。这里考查的是sth.be intended for sb.，意为“某物打算为某人准备的”，故选B。
【答案】　B
15．consist of由……构成；由……组成
Burns divided this poem into four short sections consisting of four lines each.(P14)
彭斯将这首诗分为四个小节，每节由四行组成。
A week consists of seven days.
一星期由七天组成。
Their diet consisted largely of vegetables.
他们的日常饮食以蔬菜为主。
①consist in在于，决定于
consist with相符，一致
②由……组成/构成
　 True wealth doesn't consist in what we are.
真实的财富不在于我们是做什么的。
His conclusions do not consist with the facts.
他的结论与事实不符。
【提示】　consist of没有被动语态；没有进行时态。
　
单项填空
Our team eleven students, five of whom are boys.
A．consist of B．is consisted of
C．is consisting of D．consists of
【解析】　句意：我们这个队由十一名学生组成，其中有五个是男孩。consist of“由……组成”，不用被动语态和进行时，因而排除B和C两项。our team在这里表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式。
【答案】　D
如何写文学评论
1．文学评论是一种以作家、作品、文学创作和文学思潮作为评论对象的理论文体。文学评论的作者旨在表达自己对文学作品的理解和认识，启发和帮助读者提高阅读水平，对作品的作者提出正确而有益的建议。
2．写文学评论可分以下几步：
(1)介绍所要评论的文学作品(标题、作者和类型)；
(2)简述作品情节；
(3)讨论作品的主题和意义；
(4)介绍读者对作品的评析。
3．评论主体时态通常采用一般现在时，有时也可用现在完成时。
文学评论常用句式：
1．...is written by...
2．The work is known for...
3．...is distinct from...
4．I think/In my opinion...
5．I am greatly impressed by...
写作要求：根据Charlotte Bronte写的小说“Jane Eyre”写一则文学评论。
[思路分析]
首先指出自己最喜欢的书；第二段简要介绍书的背景；最后一段指出书对自己的影响。
[词汇热身]　
1．最喜欢的
2．珍惜，珍爱
3．和……作斗争
4．喜欢，欣赏
5．贬低，看不起
6．价值观
【答案】　1.favourite/like best　2.treasure/cherish
3．fight against　4.appreciate　5.look down upon　6.values
[句式温习]　
1．我最喜欢的书是《简·爱》。
The book is Jane Eyre.
2．这部小说以19世纪的伦敦为背景。
The novel the 19th century London.
3．它所讲述的是如何战胜困难、如何珍爱生命。
It tells me .
4．我们应该尽一切可能用双手改善我们的生活，无论有多么困难。
We should do everything，
to change our lives with our hands.
【答案】　1.which I like best　2.is set in　3.how to fight against difficulty and how to treasure my life　4.no matter how difficult it is
[连句成篇]　







【参考范文】　
The book which I like best is Jane Eyre. This is one of the most famous novels written by Charlotte Bronte.
The novel is set in the 19th century London. It lets me develop an interest in reading; the most important thing is that I have learned much from it. It tells me how to fight against difficulty and how to treasure my life.
The character I appreciate in it is a woman whose name is Jane Eye.
As we all know, women were looked down upon at that time. Love was the sweetest joy.Jane fell in love, but it was hard for her to get love. Although she was poor, she struggled for her rights and respect. Jane was common. But she was one with clear world values. She cherished life, took on a challenge and was brave in getting her happiness. Her spirit should be learned by us. We should do everything, no matter how difficult it is, to change our lives with our hands.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． n．特征，特点 adj.典型的，独特的，特有的
2． vt.虐待；辱骂；滥用
3． n．罪犯 adj.犯罪的，犯法的；刑法的，刑事的
4． n．故事情节；阴谋，密谋 vt.密谋；绘制(图表)
5． adj.慷慨的，大方的；宽厚的，仁慈的
6． adj.弯曲的；驼背的；不诚实的 n．天赋，爱好
7． n．紧张气氛；紧张，烦躁；矛盾，对立
8． n．转折；转变；转动；急转弯 vi.& vt.(使)弯曲；转动；蜿蜒
9． adj.虚荣的，自负的；徒劳的，无结果的
10． adj.死板的，僵化的，固执的；僵直的；坚硬的
11． vi.& vt.反抗，抵制，抵挡
12． n．& vi.& vt.救援，营救
13． n．债务，欠款
14． vi.突然出现；跳；蹦
【答案】　1.characteristic　2.abuse　3.criminal　4.plot
5．generous　6.bent　7.tension　8.twist　9.vain
10．rigid　11.resist　12.rescue　13.debt　14.spring
B．词汇拓展
15． adj.铤而走险的，拼命的，绝望的；非常需要，渴望→ adv.拼命地；绝望地
16． adj.暴力的，粗暴的；猛烈的，强烈的→ n．暴力，暴行
17． vt.& vi.& n．(使)改过自新，改造；改革，改良→ n．改革者，改造者→ n．改善；改进；改造；改良；改革
18． n．名声；名誉→ adj.声誉好的，有声望的；有信誉的
19． vt.& vi.打算，计划，想要→ n．意图，目的；打算→ adj.故意的，蓄意的→ adv.故意地，蓄意地
20． vt.热爱，喜爱，爱慕→ n．敬慕，爱慕→ adj.值得爱慕的，可爱的
【答案】　15.desperate；desperately　16.violent；violence
17．reform；reformer；reformation　18.reputation；reputable　19.intend；intention；intentional；intentionally
20．adore；adoration；adorable
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1． 与……无关
2． 以……为基础
3． 达到，符合(期望)
4． 以……为背景
5． 救援某人，帮助某人
6． 目的是作为某物/目的是做某事
7． touch on
8． be bent on(doing)sth.
9． on the run
10． in tune
【答案】　1.have nothing to do with　2.be based on
3．live up to　4.be set in　5.come to one's rescue　6.be intended to be/do sth.　7.谈及，涉及　8.决心做某事(通常指坏事)　9.躲避；忙碌，不停地奔波　10.音调准确；演奏合调
B．用上面词组的适当形式填空
11．The question with the main topic of the survey.
12．A dangerous criminal is in the bay area of the city.
13．The book certainly his expectations.
14．He seemed success at all costs.
15．The film a novel written by Jane Austen.
【答案】　11.had nothing to do　12.on the run　13.lived up to　14.bent on　15.was based on
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．This makes them difficult for some people to read，so they are often left to gather dust on shelves.
【句式仿写】　互联网使得人们容易了解外面的世界。

2．Pip's sister often abuses him，but Joe is a kind and simple man who would rather die than see any harm come to Pip.
【句式仿写】　与其每天抱怨，不如想办法改变现状。

3．Pip dislikes it when Joe comes to visit him in London.
【句式仿写】　口是心非的人很令人厌恶。

4．This is probably why Burns talked about a rose in his famous poem，“A Red，Red Rose”．
【句式仿写】　这个男人对顾客总是很热情而且从不缺斤短两，所以大家都爱买他的东西。
.
5．Yet，though he is saying goodbye to his love，he promises to come to see her again，even if he has to travel ten thousand miles.
【句式仿写】　虽然看似希望渺茫，但他还是没有放弃寻找父母的希望。


【答案】　1.The Internet makes the outside world easy for people to learn about.
2．Rather than complain all the time，it would be better to find a way to change the situation.
3．People hate it when you don't say what you mean.
4．The man is always warm to his customers and never gives short weight. This is why everybody buys things from him
5．Though it seemed hopeless，he didn't abandon the hope of finding his parents./Hopeless though it seemed，he didn't abandon the hope of finding his parents.