【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语译林版选修八教师用书Unit 2　The universal language

Unit 2　The universal language
【美文阅读】　
What is music?
音乐，是人们生活中不可缺少的一部分。什么是音乐？你喜欢什么样的音乐？
Suppose you hit a wooden table with your hand. It makes a sound. Now suppose you hit a ball. It makes a sound. The second sound is called a tone(乐音). A tone is a single musical sound. Music is the art of organizing tones into meaningful patterns of sound. We might call it the language of tones. Sometimes the language of music speaks to us in tones sounding after one another in melody(旋律). Or the tones could be sounding together in harmony(协调)．
When tones hit with one another, it is not in harmony. But this hit is often full of meaning. What we call melody is given meaning by its rising or falling or moving straight ahead. It is also given meaning by its rhythm of beats and phrasing, its speed and how loud or soft it is at any moment. All of this sounds very technical. But it doesn't have to be understood or thought about for us to enjoy music. What music means to us often can not be put into words. We can feel that the mu-sic expresses joy or sorrow, pleasure, tenderness(柔情), love, anger—all kinds of things and feelings that words alone could never do.
Music can also be enjoyed just for its beauty, and not for what it is saying. We can get pleasure from even a single tone of voice, violin, horn, or some other instruments. We may love a beautiful melody for many years of our lives and always enjoy hearing it.
There are, of course, many forms of music, from the anthem(赞美诗) to the symphony, and many types of music, from folk music to opera.
【诱思导学】　
1．Do you like music? What kind of music do you like most?


2．According to the above passage, what kinds of expressions can we feel from the music?



【答案】　1.Yes, I like it very much. I like soft ( pop, rock and roll, etc. ) music most.
2. We can feel that the music expresses joy or sorrow, pleasure, tenderness, love, anger—all kinds of things and feelings that words alone could never do.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对新课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元让学生阅读有关歌剧评论的文章，从而吸取其中的精髓，陶冶自己的情操，提高自己对歌剧这种艺术形式的审美水准和鉴赏能力。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过两个问题引发学生思考：
Question 1: “Have you read ‘Turandot in Beijing’？”
Question 2: “Do you like it? Why or why not？”
●教学流程设计
导入新课。?学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第20页)。?学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。
?
学生再次阅读课文(课本第18～19页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第21页)。?师生共同讨论并统一答案。?让学生快速阅读课文，(见课本第18～19页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第21页)。
　　　　　?
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。?学生再次仔细阅读课文，(课本第18～19页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第21页)。?老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
?
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学案第22页)。?学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案，老师予以更正。?让学生完成“知识初探”部分，(见学案第21～22页)。
　　　　　?
老师布置作业，并让学生预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第22～27页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P18－19的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空1词)
Main
At the 5. ，a prince is killed for being unable to answer Turandot's riddles.Then，a love triangle is taken on between Calaf，Turandot and Liu.
4. of the story
At the end of the story，the prince and princess get 6. and the whole city is in 7. of their happiness.
Other information of the opera
8.
Puccini，an Italian
9.
Zhang Yimou
10.
Zubin Mehta，born in India
Cast
Turandot—Sharon Sweet
Liu—Barbara Hendricks
Calaf—Kristjan Johannsson
Evaluation of the opera
The performance was splendid，and the production was amazing.
【答案】　1.Background　2.Setting　3.Weather　4.plot
5．beginning　6.married　7.celebration　8.Writer
9．Director　10.Conductor
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P18－19的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．How many performances of Turandot were performed in the Forbidden City in Beijing?
A．Eight.　　　B．Seven.　　　C．One.
2．Why doesn't the emperor stop Turandot's killings?
A．Because he doesn't want her daughter to marry.
B．Because he dares not control her daughter.
C．Because he cannot break his promise.
3．If Turandot can guess his name by sunrise, Calaf promises that .
A．Turandot does not have to marry him
B．he will marry Turandot for sure
C．he will be at the mercy of Turandot
4．Which of the following best describes the prince, Calaf?
A．Devoted and generous
B．Brave and intellectual
C．Greedy and selfish
5．How does the writer think of the opera?
A．Terrible. B．Amazing. C．Moving.
【答案】　1.A　2.C　3.A　4.B　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
阅读P18－19的Reading部分，完成下面课文缩写
Last night Turandot was 1. in the Forbidden City in Beijing. Turandot is the story of a 2. and cruel Chinese princess, named Turandot, who lives in Beijing's Forbidden City. She says any potential husband must solve three riddles or will be 3. to death.
The story begins when a prince is killed for 4.
to solve the riddles. Shortly afterwards, Calaf sees Turandot and 5. in love with her. Meanwhile, a young 6.
of Calaf's father, Liu, loves Calaf. Calaf answers the riddles without any mistake, but Turandot is 7. to get married. Calaf says that if she can guess his name by sunrise, she doesn't have to marry him. Turandot threatens and terrifies Liu; Liu kills 8. . In the end the prince and princess 9. in marriage and the whole city celebrates their happiness.The production 10. the very best of Western and Chinese talents in music, staging and directing.
【答案】　1.performed　2.stubborn　3.condemned
4．falling　5.falls　6.slave　7.unwell　8.herself
9．unite　10.combined
　
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．Universal A．determined not to change your
opinion or attitude
2．Stubborn B．say what someone's punishment will
be
3．condemn C．not wanting to do sth.
4．Disturbing D．ready to forgive people and show
them kindness
5．unwilling E．making people feel worried or upset
6．seize F．clear, easily seen; obvious
7．demand G．to ask for sth. very firmly
8．evident H．done by or involving all the people
in the world or in a particular group
9．scold I．to speak angrily to sb. because they
have done something wrong
10．merciful J．to take something or somebody using
force
【答案】　1.H　2.A　3.B　4.E　5.C　6.J　7.G　8.F　9.I　10.D
Ⅱ.短语填空
be accessible to; transform...into; condemn...to death; the first time；at first sight; take on; break one's promise; depend on
1．The murderer was arrested a week later and
afterwards.
2． ， I thought the exercise was familiar, but after a careful look, I found it was different.
3．The two young people with each other and got married two years later.
4．Located on top of the mountain, the temple
tourists only on foot.
5．You may it that he will join our club.
6．The company has just a new secretary.
【答案】　1.condemned to death　2.At first sight　3.fell in love　4.is accessible to　5.depend on　6.taken on
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．The emperor finds the death disturbing.
皇帝看到有人被处死，感到很不安。
2．Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene...
不幸的是，普契尼还没有完成这最后一幕就因心脏病突发而死……
3．Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more awesome setting!
试想一下，在紫禁城内表演这样一出歌剧——再也不可能有比这更棒的背景了！
4．While the blues was popular，as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to.
尽管蓝调音乐非常受欢迎，然而作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感、节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。
5．Wherever the Beatles went，there was a phenomenon called “Beatlemania”—thousands of fans would surround them，screaming and going crazy trying to see them.
不管“披头士”乐队去哪里，都会出现一种“披头士狂热”现象——成千上万的歌迷围住他们，尖叫着，疯狂地想见他们一面。Period ⅡWelcome to the unit & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，再通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生能够用英语简单描述所读过的歌剧作品并介绍自己喜爱的剧作家和音乐家，以提高学生的口头及书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
“Let's know something about ‘Turandot in Beijing’．”开门见山，直入主题。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。?导入新课。?让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第22～27页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
让学生再次阅读课文以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充老师认为重要的词汇和句型，补充一些必要的练习。?让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　?
让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第27页)。?布置作业并预习“Period Ⅲ”(见学案第27～32页)。
1．universal adj.通用的，共同的，普遍的；全体的，全世界的
Music has been called “the universal language” because people do not need to speak the same language to understand it.(P17)音乐一直被叫做“通用语言”，因为人们不必讲相同的语言就可以理解它。
It's a universal truth.这是一个普遍的真理。
Overpopulation is a universal problem.
人口过剩是个世界性的问题。
universally adv.共同地，万能地，普遍地
universe n.
the universe宇宙；天地万物；万象；全世界；全人类
　 God is believed to have made the universe.
人们相信神创造了天地万物。
The universe desires peace.全世界期望和平。
　
单项填空
English is the language of today.
A．uncommon　　　 B．universal
C．abstract D．specific
【解析】　本题考查形容词词义辨析。句意：英语是现在全球通用的语言。universal“普遍的，共同的”，符合语意，故选B。
【答案】　B
2．cast vt. & vi.选派角色；为(戏剧、角色)选派演员
Some of the world's greatest opera singers were cast in this production，and many great Chinese musicians also participated.(P18)几位世界顶级歌剧演唱家在制片中担任角色，许多杰出的中国音乐家也参加了演出。
The play is being cast in the whole country.
目前正在全国挑选这部戏的演员。
Wu Yue was cast for the part of Sun Wukong in the new TV play.
在这部新电视剧中吴樾被选派扮演孙悟空的角色。
cast sb. as.../cast sb. for the part of...
选派某人演……角色
cast one's mind back to...回顾，回想
cast about/around for...苦苦思索；四处寻找
cast aside抛弃；丢弃　　cast away漂流
cast down沮丧；不愉快　cast off抛弃；丢弃
　 He has cast her as an ambition lawyer in his latest movie.
他已经选定她在他最新的影片中扮演一个雄心勃勃的律师。
He was much cast down when he heard of his failure at the examination.
他听到他考试不及格时，心情极为沮丧。
　
用恰当的介/副词填空
①He was cast Zhou Enlai in the film.
②They were cast on a desert island.
③Don't be so cast by the sad news.
【答案】　①as　②away　③down
3．Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more awesome setting！(P18)想想在紫禁城上演这出歌剧吧——不可能有比这更好的场景了！
句中there could not be a more awesome setting是用比较级形式表达最高级含义，属于“否定＋比较级”结构。
not，no，never等否定词与比较级连用，表示最高级含义，意为“再没有比……更……的了”。
You can't find a more suitable person for the job.
你不可能找到一个比他更适合这项工作的人了。
I can't agree with you more.我再同意你不过了。
比较级表达最高级含义句型有：
比较级＋than＋
　 She is taller than any other girl in our class.
＝She is taller than all the other girls in our class.
她是我们班个头最高的女孩。
【对接高考】
(2013·浙江高考)I myself more—it was a perfect day.
A．shouldn't have enjoyed
B．needn't have enjoyed
C．wouldn't have enjoyed
D．couldn't have enjoyed
【解析】　句意：我从未玩得更开心过——这是完美的一天。shouldn't have done表示“本不应该做而事实上已经做了”；needn't have done表示“本没有必要做而事实上已经做了”；wouldn't have done用于虚拟语气；couldn't have done表示“不可能做过”。此处用not和比较级连用表达最高级的含义，意为“从未比这更高兴过”。所以正确答案为D项。
【答案】　D
　
单项填空
①Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .
A．popular B．more popular
C．most popular D．the most popular
【解析】　考查形容词的比较级。句意：布莱克先生非常高兴，因为他的工厂生产的衣服从未如此受人欢迎。此处形容词popular的比较级与否定词never连用表示最高级含义。
【答案】　B
一句多译
②约翰比他班里其他同学都要聪明。



【答案】　John is cleverer than any other student in his class.
＝John is cleverer than all other students in his class.
＝John is cleverer than anyone else in his class.
＝John is cleverer than any of the other students in his class.
＝John is cleverer than the rest of students in his class.
4．condemn vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责
Those who cannot answer all three riddles, however, will be condemned to death.(P18)
然而，不能回答这三个谜题的人将被处死。
Everyone condemned his foolish behaviour.
大家都责备他的愚昧行为。
A murderer was condemned to life imprisonment.
一个杀人犯被判处无期徒刑。
condemn sb./sth.as...指责某人/某事为……
condemn sb.for doing sth.谴责某人做了某事
condemn sb.to sth.判处某人某种刑罚
be condemned to sth.被处以某种刑罚
be condemned to do sth.被迫做某事
　 We condemned him for his bad behavior, but he thought nothing of it.
我们因为他行为不良而责备他，但他却不以为然。
The judge condemned the criminal to death for a case of murder.因一桩凶杀案法官判那名罪犯死刑。
　
单项填空
The September 11 Attack has been by the entire international community.
A．condemned　　　 B．scolded
C．criticized D．blamed
【解析】　考查动词辨析。句意：‘9·11’事件受到了国际社会的谴责。condemn谴责；scold斥责；criticize批评；blame责备。
【答案】　A
5．dare vt.& vi.敢于，胆敢
This means that few men would dare to ask for her hand in marriage.(P18)
这就意味着很少有男士敢向她求婚。
He dares to behave like that in my house.
他竟敢在我家里有如此的行为！
He does not dare to fight.他不敢斗争。
I didn't dare(to)quarrel with them.
我没有敢和他们争吵。
He has never dared to say it.
他从不敢说出那件事。
dare to do sth.敢于做某事
dare sb. to do sth.激某人做某事，谅某人无胆量做某事
I dare say我想；很可能；大概
　 Don't worry. I dare say he will come.
不要担心，我想他会来的。
We know that he won't dare to break his promise.
我们知道他不敢食言。
He dared me to jump.他激我跳过去。
【提示】　①dare用作实义动词时，在否定句或疑问句中，其后的不定式符号to可以省略。②dare用作情态助动词时，其一般现在时没有词形变化，过去式为dared。
How dare you ask me such a question?
你怎敢问我这样的问题？
My younger sister dare not go out alone.
我妹妹不敢单独出去。
I dared not quarrel with them.
我没有敢和他们争吵。
　
完成句子
①他敢告诉他们他所知道的吗？
he tell them what he knows?
②我不敢告诉你们真相。
I tell you the truth.
③你敢在这么拥挤的街道上开车吗？
drive a car on such a crowded road?
④只有少数几个记者敢于报道这一事件。
Only a few journalists cover the story.
单项填空
⑤I wonder how he that to the teacher.
A．dare to say B．dare saying
C．not dare say D．dared say
【答案】　①Dare　②dare not/don't dare to　③Dare you/Do you dare to　④dared to　⑤D
6．disturbing adj.令人不安的，引起恐慌的
The emperor finds the death disturbing.(P18)
皇帝对这种杀戮焦虑不安。
A disturbing piece of news spread in the village.
一则恼人的消息在村子中传开了。
It is very disturbing that there has been an increase in crime in the last six months.
过去六个月犯罪案件的增加令人恐慌不已。
disturb vt.扰乱，妨碍；使……不安；打破……的平静
disturbed adj.担心的，心乱的；心理不正常的
be disturbed about为……担忧
　 Don't disturb the kids because they are studying.
不要打扰这些孩子，他们正在学习。
He is very disturbed about the situation of Syria.
他对叙利亚的局势感到很不安。
　
单项填空
If you get up early，try not to everyone else who is asleep.
A．destroy B．disturb
C．dislike D．direct
【解析】　句意：你如果起得早，尽量不要打扰其他的在睡觉的人。根据语境可知disturb(打扰，打搅)正确，故选B。
【答案】　B
7．Shortly afterwards, another prince Calaf, falls in love with Turandot at first sight and decides to solve the riddles so that he can marry her.(P18)
不久，另一位王子卡拉夫对图兰朵一见钟情，并且决心要揭开谜底娶她为妻。
(1)fall in love (with sb.)相爱，坠入爱河；喜好；喜爱
They fell in love with each other instantly.
他们俩很快彼此相爱了。
I can't believe that you should fall in love with such a man.我无法想象你竟然爱上这样一个男人。
fall in love/be in love
fall in love
“相爱”，fall为非延续性动作，不能与时间段连用
be in love
“相爱”，表示状态，可与时间段连用
　 Nancy was so attractive that Jimmy fell in love with her the first time he saw her. Now they have been in love with each other for 3 years.南茜如此有魅力，以至于吉米对她一见钟情。现在他们已经相爱三年了。
　
完成句子
①她一看到这房子就喜欢上了。
She as soon as she saw it.
②他们自从三年前就彼此相爱。
They since three years ago.
【答案】　①fell in love with the house　②have been in love with each other
(2)at first sight初次见面；乍一看
At first sight the house appeared to be empty.
乍一看，这房子似乎空无一人。
They fell in love as soon as they met: it was love at first sight.他们一见面就坠入情网，真是一见钟情。
catch sight of看见
lose sight of看不见
in sight看得见；在视线内
out of sight看不见；在视野之外
at (the) sight of一看见……就
come into sight进入视野；出现
　 We stood at the window until their car came into sight.
我们站在窗前，直到看到他们的车驶来。
Brave man as he is, he trembles at (the) sight of snakes.他尽管勇敢，可见到蛇还是发抖。
　
单项填空
③At the railway station, the mother waved goodbye to her daughter until the train was .
A．out of sight B．out of reach
C．out of order D．out of place
【解析】　考查介词短语辨析。out of sight“从视线中消失”，符合语境。out of reach“够不着，达不到”； out of order“出故障”；out of place“不在适当的位置”。
【答案】　A
8．take on穿上；承担；呈现(某种特征、外观等)；雇用
The story then takes on a classic love triangle between Calaf, Turandot and Liu.(P18)故事随后演绎了发生在卡拉夫、图兰朵和柳儿之间的经典三角恋情。
The old factory has taken on a new look.
这家老工厂呈现出一派新面貌。
He is always ready to take on heavy responsibilities.
他一向乐于挑重担。
take off脱(衣服、鞋帽)；(飞机)起飞 (事业)起步，腾飞
take in吸引；欺骗
take over接收；接管
take up占据；继续；拿起；从事
take down拆除；取下；写下，记下
take it easy别着急，慢慢来
take it for granted (that)．..想当然，把……当作理所当然的事
　 I heard that the club took in a new member last week.
我听说俱乐部上星期又招收了一名新会员。
When the teacher found some of his students get nervous at the examination, he told them to take it easy.
当老师发现一些学生考试时焦急不安时，就告诉他们不要紧张。
【对接高考】
(2013·辽宁高考)Briggs will as general manager when Mitchell retires.
A．get away B．take over
C．set off D．run out
【解析】　get away意为“走开；逃脱惩罚”；take over意为“接管；接任”；set off意为“出发；动身”；run out意为“用完；耗尽”。根据retires(退休)可得知答案。句意：当Mitchell退休时，Briggs将会接任总经理的职务。
【答案】　B
　
单项填空
Some insects the colour of their surroundings to protect themselves.
A．take in B．take off
C．take on D．take out
【解析】　考查take的短语。句意：一些昆虫为了保护自己身体会呈现与所在环境一样的颜色。take in“吸入，欺骗”；take off“起飞，脱去”；take on“呈现”；take out“带……出去”。C项符合句意。
【答案】　C
9．unwilling adj.不情愿的，不愿意的；勉强的，无奈的
Turandot becomes very angry at this turn of events, as she is unwilling to get married.(P19)
图兰朵对事态的变化很生气，因为她不愿意结婚。
What part of our plan are we each unwilling to change?
在我们的计划中，有哪部分是我们各自不愿意改变的？
He is a stubborn boy. He is unwilling to accept others' advices.他是个固执的孩子。他不愿意接受别人的建议。
be unwilling to do sth.不愿意做某事
be willing to do sth.愿意做某事；乐意做某事
　 He's unwilling to admit that he was wrong.
他不愿意承认他错了。
They are willing to invest any more money in the project.他们愿意在这个项目上再增加投资。
　
完成句子
①My mother (乐意帮) her friends who are in need.
②Once determined, she (不愿意改变) her decision.
【答案】　①is willing to help　②is unwilling to change
10．Calaf's father and Liu have been seen accompanying Calaf, so Turnandot seizes Calaf's father and Liu and demands that they tell her Calaf's name or they will be beaten.(P19)有人曾看见卡拉夫的父亲和柳儿陪着卡拉夫，于是图兰朵抓来了他的父亲和柳儿并要求他们告诉她卡拉夫的名字，否则就要拷打他们。
(1)seize vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占；理解，明白
The police seized the thief.
警察抓住了那个贼。
He seized the chance of a trip to Singapore.
他抓住了那次去新加坡旅行的机会。
I couldn't seize the meaning of his words.
我不明白他话中的意思。
seize on/upon立即采用，立即接受
seize the chance of...抓住……的机会
　 The company seized on his idea for a new business.
公司立即采用了他对新事业的构想。
【图解助记】
　
单项填空
①George the good chance to present his proposal to the director, and at last, it was adopted.
A．realized B．seized
C．delivered D．released
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。句意：George抓住那个好机会向主管提出了自己的建议，最后建议被采纳了。seize“抓住(时机)”，符合句意。
【答案】　B
(2)demand vt.要求，需求；n.要求，需求
This sport demands both speed and strength.
这项运动既需要速度也需要体力。
The customer demands an explanation of the shop owner.顾客要求店主作出解释。
①demand sth. of sb.向某人要求某事
demand to do sth.要求/需要做某事
demand that...需要/要求……(从句用虚拟语气，从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略)
②meet/satisfy one's demand满足……的需要；符合……的要求
demand for sth.对……的需求
in demand需求大
on demand一经要求
　 His parents demanded that he (should) be back home by ten.他的父母要求他十点以前回家。
She demanded to see the headmaster to learn about the truth.她请求见校长以了解真相。
【对接高考】
(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)The Harry Potter books are quite popular，they are in great in this city.
A．quantity B．progress
C．production D．demand
【解析】　句意：小说《哈利·波特》非常流行，在这个城市需求量很大。in great quantity意为“大量地，大批量”；in great progress和in great production无此搭配；in great demand意为“需求量很大”。关键信息词为“popular”，受欢迎才导致“需求量很大”，而不是该书的生产量大，故用in great demand，而不用in great quantity。
【答案】　D
　
完成句子
②警察命令把大门关上。
The police demanded that .
【答案】　②the gate (should) be shut
单项填空
③He demanded that Jack there by plane at once.
A．went B．goes
C．go D．to go
【解析】　考查虚拟语气。句意：他要求杰克马上坐飞机去那里。demand后跟宾语从句，从句中的谓语动词用虚拟语气，即should＋动词原形，should可以省略。
【答案】　C
11．When it becomes evident what happened, Calaf scolds Turandot for not being more merciful.(P19)当真相大白后，卡拉夫斥责图兰朵毫无慈悲心。
(1)evident adj.清楚的，显然的
He signed his name with evident satisfaction.
他显然很满意地签了名。
This fact is too evident to require proof.
这事实很明显，用不着证明。
It is evident that...很显然……
evidently adv.明显地，显而易见地
evidence n．证据，证明
　 It is evident that practice is important for everybody.
显然，练习对每个人来讲都很重要。
The witness gave her evidence in a clear firm voice.
证人以清晰坚定的语调给出了她的证词。
　
单项填空
①It is that smoking is harmful to health.
A．evident B．considerate
C．elegant D．innocent
【解析】　句意：很明显，抽烟对健康有害。evident意为“明显的，显然的”；considerate意为“考虑周到的”；elegant意为“文雅的，端庄的”；innocent意为“天真的，无罪的”。根据句意，故选A。
【答案】　A
(2)scold vt.责备，训斥
She is always scolding her children.
她老是斥责自己的子女。
Did you scold him for breaking the cup?
他把杯子打碎了，你责骂他了吗？
①scold sb. for (doing) sth.斥责某人(做了)某事
“责备/指责/控告某人(做了)某事”的其他表达：
②blame sb. for sth.
blame sth. on sb.
charge sb. with (doing) sth.
accuse sb. of (doing) sth.
　 His father scolded him for his bad behaviour at the party.
他父亲因他在晚会上表现不好而训斥了他。
Smith accused her of lying to her teacher.
史密斯指责她向老师说谎。
scold/blame
scold
训斥，责骂，指大声呵斥、责备，常用于长辈对晚辈、上级对下级。
blame
责备，责怪，语气较轻，指把过失归咎于某人。
　
完成句子
②他嫌他们迟到，训斥了他们一通。
He them for arriving late.
③这次空难是飞行员的失误。
The crash on pilot error.
④她没把她父亲的死归罪于任何人。
She doesn't for her father's death.
【答案】　②scolded　③was blamed　④blame anyone
Period ⅢWord power & Grammar and usage
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够把英语表达中的省略语法用于平日的写作练习中。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是学生学好英语的途径之一。给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。?导入新课。?让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第27～32页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分，(见学案第30～32页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充老师认为重要的词汇、句型和语法项目，补充一些必要的练习。?让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　?
老师对语法部分给以点拨，让学生掌握本单元语法知识。?布置作业，并预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第32～37页)。
1．strike n．罢工；打；击；敲 v．打；击；撞击；敲响；擦燃；罢工
Another kind is called percussion instrument, such as the drums and the gong—this kind of instrument is played by striking with the hand or with a stick.(P22)
另一种被称作打击乐器，比如鼓和锣——这种乐器用手捶或用棍敲。
The clock strikes the hours, the half and the quarters.
这个钟在整点、半点和一刻钟时都打点。
He struck a match and lit his cigarette.
他擦了根火柴点燃香烟。
go on strike举行罢工、罢课
be on strike在罢工
strike for/against为了/为反对……而罢工
be struck by被……咬/打动/迷住/给予深刻印象
It strikes sb. that...使某人忽然想起
strike at打击，敲击
　 The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake.游客们被西湖的美景迷住了。
It struck me that there was no one at home.
我突然想起家中没有人。
strike/beat/hit
strike
多指用力急速或突然一次猛击
beat
连续打击；在游戏、竞赛或战争中打败对手
hit
常与strike换用，侧重有目标的猛击，强调用力击中
　
用strike/beat/hit的适当形式填空
①She him playfully over the head with her newspaper.
②The car had been by a falling tree.
③We could hear the rain on the roof of the house.
【答案】　①hit/struck　②struck/hit　③beating
2．leave out省去；遗漏；不考虑
In some special styles of ellipsis, words are left out to save space and time.(P24)在一些特殊的省略句中，为了节省时间和空间，有些单词可以省略。
We left out the possibility of his coming for the party.
我们没有考虑到他会来参加聚会。
She reported the case to her boss，being careful not to leave anything out.
她向老板汇报这个案子，小心翼翼地怕漏掉什么。
leave aside不考虑；忽视
leave...behind留下；忘带
leave for动身前往
leave off停止
　 I wonder why they left aside such an important question.我纳闷他们为什么不考虑如此重要的一个问题。
The old man left behind him a debt of 10 000 dollars.
老人死后留下了 10,000美元的债务。
　
完成句子
①等等，别把我留下了。
Wait， .
②全家人都准备下个月前往北京。
The whole family will Beijing next month.
③是下班的时候了。
It's time to work.
【答案】　①don't leave me behind　②leave for
③leave off
3．How did you feel taking part in Turandot？(P25)
参演《图兰朵》(这部歌剧)你觉得怎么样？
“How do/did you feel doing sth.？”意为“你觉得……怎么样？”。
How did you feel living in the countryside?
你觉得住在乡村里怎么样？
How do you feel liking the film?
你觉得这部电影怎么样？
询问对方对某人或某事(物)的评价用语：
How do you find...?
How do you like...?
How do you think about...?
What do you think of...?
What/How about (doing)sth.?
　 How do you find your new house?
你觉得你的新房子怎么样？
What do you think of the Chinese food?
你认为中国的食品怎么样？
　
完成句子
①你觉得这辆新车怎么样？
the new car?
②你成为了一名俱乐部的新成员有何感想？
a new member of the club?
【答案】　①How do you find　②How do you feel becoming
4．opportunity n．机会，时机，机遇；凑巧
It was a real opportunity for me to be cast.(P25)
对于我来说，能在剧中扮演角色，真是千载难逢的机会。
The holiday gave us the opportunity to visit Beijing.
这个假期是我们去北京的好机会。
This obviously provides the opportunity for us to make friends.这显然是我们交朋友的机会。
have/get/grasp the opportunity抓住机遇
give/provide/offer an opportunity给予或提供机会
have/take the opportunity of doing sth./to do sth.趁机做某事
　 Soon he had an opportunity of explaining that to her.
不久他便有了向她解释那件事的机会。
I'm delighted to have the opportunity to meet you at last.久仰大名，幸会幸会！
　
单项填空
He doesn't work hard.There is no that he can be admitted into a university.
A．need　　　　　　 B．use
C．wonder D．opportunity
【解析】　句意：他学习不下工夫。根本就没有被大学录取的机会。A、B、C三项放在这里意思都不通顺，而且对于wonder来说应该用It's no wonder that...这一句式，故选D。
【答案】　D
5．unemployment n．失业
...there was a short period when I was not working, and was just collecting unemployment benefits.(P25)
有一小段时间我没有工作，我正在收集没有工作的好处。
His whole life is a fight against poverty and unemployment.他的一生是与贫苦和失业斗争的一生。
An increase in crime is one of the byproducts of unemployment.犯罪率增加是失业问题造成的一种恶果。
employ vt.雇佣；运用
employ sb. to do sth.雇佣某人做某事
employ oneself in＝be employed in
从事……，在做……，忙于……
employment n．就业
employer n．雇主
employee n．雇员
　 The state of employment in this city is improving.
这个城市就业状况正在改善。
She employs herself in reading after work.
工作之余，她忙于读书。
　
完成句子
①邮差就是雇用来投递信件和包裹的人。
A postman is a man letters and parcels.
②劳动仍会因就业的增加而获益。
Labor will still benefit by .
【答案】　①employed to deliver　②a rise in employment
6．put up张贴；搭建；举起；为……提供食宿
One day, I saw a poster put up by the production company's Personnel Department, saying they were looking for singers.(P25)一天，我看到一个制片公司人事部门张贴的海报，说他们正在寻找歌手。
The headmaster put up the exam result.
校长公布了这次考试的结果。
I'm afraid I can't put you up.
恐怕我不能给你们提供膳宿。
put up with忍受，容忍
put off延期，推迟；取消
put away将……收起来；积蓄
put forward提出，提议；推荐
put out扑灭，熄灭；出版；生产
put down放下；平息，镇压；记下
put aside把……放在一边；忽视；储存
put in添上，放进，从事
　 My father wanted me to have some money put aside for a rainy day.父亲要我省点钱以备急需。
I'll have to put up with the noise till I move next week.
我下周就要搬了，在此之前，我还是得忍受这种噪音。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)At the last moment，Tom decided to a new character to make the story seem more likely.
A．put up B．put in
C．put on D．put off
【解析】　本题考查动词短语的语意辨析。A项put up“搭建，张贴”；B项put in“把……放进”；C项put on“穿上，上演”；D项put off“推迟”。根据句意“在最后一刻，汤姆决定添加一个新的角色，从而使得这个故事显得更加真实”可知，答案选B项，put in有“加入，添加”的意思。
【答案】　B
　
将下列句子中画线部分译成汉语
①Put up your hands if you have any questions.
②The company is going to put up a new building.
③The names of successful candidates will be put up on the notice board.
④The Browns put up at a small inn for a couple of nights.
【答案】　①举起　②盖，建　③张贴　④住宿
7．I applied for the job, and they sent me an invitation to try out for a part in the chorus.(P25)
我申请了这份工作，他们随后给我发来试演合唱团角色的邀请。
(1)apply for申请
He applied for a fellowship.他申请入会。
How many jobs had you applied for before you were offered this one?
在你得到这一份工作之前你申请过多少份工作？
apply to sb. for...向某人申请……
apply oneself to (doing)．..致力于(做)……
apply to适用于/应用于
apply...to...把……运用/应用于……
be applied to＝apply to适用于/应用于
　 This rule cannot be applied to every case.
这项规则不是所有情况都适用的。
Over the next months，he applied himself to improving the technique.以后几个月内，他致力于改进这项技术。
　
单项填空
①When a job, you should highlight your experience and skills.
A．applying to B．applied to
C．applying for D．applied for
【解析】　考查apply的短语。句意：当申请某项工作时，你应当突出表现你的经验和技能。apply与主语you之间是主动关系，用现在分词形式。apply to“向……申请”；apply for“申请得到……”。根据句意可知选C。
【答案】　C
(2)try out for sth.参加……选拔赛；试验；考验
He tried out for the football team.
他参加足球队的选拔。
These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games.
这些队伍要参加奥林匹克运动会的选拔赛。
try on试穿
try out试验，检验
try doing sth.尝试做某事，强调方法、途径
try to do sth.努力做某事，强调时间、精力的付出
try for sth.试图得到，争取
　 Will you try on the coat?
你试穿一下这外套好吗？
　
单项填空
②—What attracted you to our university?
—You have a great basketball team and I can
for it.
A．work out B．look out
C．carry out D．try out
【解析】　句意：——是什么吸引你来到我们大学的？——你们有一支很棒的篮球队，而且我可以报名参加。try out for 报名参加，故答案为D。
【答案】　D
完成句子
③如果你不参加选拔，你将不能成为这个队的队员。
You won't make the team if you don't .
④把鞋穿上试试再买。
the shoes before you buy them.
⑤我要争取奖学金。
I'll a scholarship.
【答案】　③try out　④Try on　⑤try for
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，注意它们在语法形式和语意上的不同。
①Speak a little slower. I can't follow you.
②—Have you ever been to Beijing before?
—Yes, I have (been to Beijing before)．
③What for?
④Why not?
⑤Your advice made me happy, but (your advice made) Tom angry.
⑥He did it as (he was) told.
⑦I know (that) she is a good teacher and that she is an excellent writer, too.
⑧The officer ordered that his men (should) fire at the enemy.
⑨—Do you want to go to the movie tonight?
—I am glad to.
⑩—Do you think it will rain?
—I hope not/that it will not rain.
[自我总结]　
1．祈使句的省略：在祈使句中通常省略 。
2．简略答语中的省略：在简略回答中，为了避免重复，常将 省略，留下 ；如果谓语部分全部省略，代词用宾格。
3．在并列句中，如果后面的分句与前面的分句有相同的部分， 则常被省略掉，以免重复。
4．在时间、条件、让步、比较以及方式状语从句中，如果从句的主语与主句主语相同，且从句的谓语中含有be动词，通常省略从句的 。
5．在及物动词后面所接的宾语从句中，连词 一般可以省略；但如果及物动词后面有两个或两个以上由that引导的宾语从句， 那么只有 可以省略。
6．suggest, insist, order等动词后的宾语从句用虚拟语气，虚拟语气的构成为should＋动词原形， 可以省略；由这些动词的派生词构成的主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气同宾语从句， 也可以省略。
7．不定式在句中作happy, glad, eager, anxious, willing, ready等的状语时，可以省略 。
8. 在一些交际用语中，think, suppose, expect, believe, guess, hope等后常用 替代上文出现的内容。
【答案】　1.主语　2.主动词；主语和助动词　3.后一部分　4.主语和be动词　5.that；第一个that　6.should；should　7.to后面的动词　8.so, not
省略句
在英语中，有时为了避免结构上或内容上的重复，并使上下文紧密连接；有时因为语法的客观要求，句子中的一个或几个成分不需要表达出来，这种现象称为省略。省略有词法上的省略，也有句法上的省略，还有一种替代省略。在此，我们只研究句法的省略和替代省略。
一、简单句中的省略
1．主语的省略
(You) Come early tomorrow if possible.
(I) Thank you for your help.
(It) Doesn't matter.
(It) Sounds great!
Why (do) not (you/we) play football this afternoon?
2．在口语中的省略
—How is your mother today?
—Much better.
—Anything wrong?
3．在祈使句中的省略
Open the door，please.
Thank you very much.
4．在感叹句中的省略
What a boy!
How they are working!
5．某些名词的省略
名词所有格修饰的名词若表示店铺、住宅、教堂或上下文已暗示或明确指出过的事物时经常被省略。
I met him at the doctor's.
我在医生那里见到过他。
6．动词不定式的省略
(1)为避免重复，常省略上文已提到的动词原形，只保留不定式符号to。这类动词有：expect，forget，hope，intend，mean，prefer，refuse，try，want，wish，would like，like和love 等。
She asked me to dance with her，but I didn't want to.
她要我和她跳舞，但是我不想跳。
—Will you go with me?
——你愿意和我去吗？
—Well，I'd like to.
——哦，我愿意。
(2)在have to，need，ought to，be going to，used to 等后省略动词。
I really didn't want to go there with him，but I had to.
我确实不想和他去那儿，可是我不得不去。
(3)在某些形容词delight，glad，happy，pleased等后省略to后面的动词。若不定式中带有be，have 等，通常保留 be，have。
—Will you join in our discussion?
——你愿意加入我们的讨论吗？
—I'll be glad to.
——我愿意。
—Are you a teacher?
——你是一位老师吗？
—No，but I used to be.
——不是，但我过去是。
二、并列句中的省略
1．在并列句中的后面的分句中与前面相同的部分常被省略。
She was poor but honest.她贫穷但是诚实。
Bob has done his homework，but Tom hasn't.
鲍勃做了他的家庭作业，可是汤姆却没有。
2．有时并列句中的省略部分出现在前面的分句中，看完最后一个分句才能掌握全句的完整意义。
Bob works，and Peter lives in London.
鲍勃(在伦敦)工作，彼得住在伦敦。
三、复合句中的省略
1．主句的省略
(1)主句的省略多见于句首，多用于口语中。
Pity you couldn't come. 可惜你不能来。
(2)在对话中，答句省去整个主句，只用从句。
—Shall I go to play?
——我可以去玩吗？
—If you like.
——随便。
2．宾语从句中的省略
在以I'm afraid，I think，I believe，I hope，I guess，I expect，I suppose，I imagine等开头的答句中，后面接so与not，用于代替名词性从句，以避免重复前面所说的内容。
—Do you believe our team will win?
——你相信我们队会赢吗？
—I guess so.
——我想会。
—I guess not./I don't guess so.
——我想不会。
—Will we be late?
——我们会晚吗？
—I'm afraid so/ not.
——恐怕是这样/不会。
—Do you think it will rain?
——你认为会下雨吗？
—I hope so.
——我希望如此。
—I hope not.
——我希望不要。
注意：“I hope so”．的否定式只能用“I hope not”，不可用“I don't hope so.”。
3．状语从句中的省略
(1)在某些状语从句中，如果从句的主语是it，其后的be动词及其主语可一起省略。这种结构通常为：if (it is) possible，when (it is) necessary等。
Please try to finish your homework by yourself if possible.如有可能请尽量自己完成你的家庭作业。
We'll have the old house pulled down when necessary.
当有必要的时候我们将拆除这所旧房子。
(2)在虚拟语气结构中，当谓语含有were，had，should等时，连词if可省略，但were，had和should需要放在句首。
Were I you，I would do more exercise.
如果我是你，我就做更多的运动。
Had I had time，I would have gone shopping with you.
如果那时我有时间，我就和你去购物了。
(3)以as，than引导的比较状语从句可以全部或部分省略。
He got up early as usual.
他像往常那样起得早。
He studies as hard as you.
他学习和你一样努力。
(4)如果状语从句的主语与主句的主语一致，并且从句的谓语部分有be动词，则可以将从句中的主语及be动词一起省略。引导这类状语从句的连词有：when，while，though，if和unless。
When crossing the road，you'd better look at both sides.
在过马路的时候，你最好两边都看看。
The little girl began to cry when asked by the police.
当被警察询问的时候，这个小女孩儿开始哭泣。
Unless invited，I will not go.
除非邀请我，否则我不去。
4．定语从句中的省略
在限制性定语从句中可以省略作宾语的关系代词that，which，whom；在the same...as和such...as引导的定语从句中，可以省略与主句相同的部分；先行词是the way，在后面的定语从句中，可以省略that或in which。
He is one of the men I can trust.
他是我所能信任的人之一。
We will do the same work as they.
我们将做和他们一样的工作。
I don't like the way you speak to your mother.
我不喜欢你和你妈妈说话的方式。
四、惯用的省略结构以及在一些固定短语中某些介词的省略
1．How/What about＋名词/代词/动名词？
What about some more milk?
再来些牛奶怎么样？
What about him？他怎么样？
How about going out for a walk?
出去散散步怎么样？
2．Why not＋省略to的动词不定式？
Why not go at once？为什么不马上就走呢？
3．固定短语中介词的省略
have trouble (in) doing sth.做某事有困难
【图解助记】
Period ⅣTask & Project
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)理解课文，掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(3)能够用英语描述人们的日常生活。
(4)掌握介绍人物的文章的写法。
●教学地位
本课时的主要内容是了解著名的音乐家及其他们的音乐创作风格；同时要求学生掌握介绍人物的文章的写法，因为介绍人物是高考作文中以及日常生活中常见的一种应用文体。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
问题导入法：
Question 1: How many musicians do you know? Who are they? Whose music do you like best? Why?
Question 2: Are you interested in the music history? Now let's read the following article titled “From the blues to pop”．
●教学流程设计
检查上堂课所布置作业。?导入新课。?学生快速阅读课文，并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
学生共同讨论，师生统一答案。?让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“文本感知”部分(见学案第32页)。?学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见，老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　?
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第32～36页)。?学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。?学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第36～37页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第38页)。?让学生做“课时作业”。?自我评估(见学案第37页)。
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P30－31课文，判断下列各题正误
1．The rhythms in traditional jazz were suitable for dancing.(　　)
2．Swing is a kind of jazz played by many musicians.(　　)
3．Elvis Presley was famous for his powerful live performances.(　　)
4．The Beatles still often go out on tours around the world.(　　)
【答案】　1.F　2.T　3.T　4.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P30－31课文，选择最佳答案
1．Which is the right order of the music mentioned in the text?
A．the blues→jazz→rock and roll→pop music
B．jazz→the blues→rock and roll→pop music
C．jazz→pop music→the blues→rock and roll
2．Who is one of the first rock and roll musicians?
A．Louis Armstrong.
B．Sam Philips.
C．Big Joe Turner.
3．Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A．After Big Joe Turner released the first rock and roll song，he became very famous in America.
B．Sam Philips made Elvis Presley famous in order to make money.
C．The Beatles existed for more than 20 years.
【答案】　1.A　2.C　3.B
1．deserve vt.值得，应受
This man deserves his status as one of the most popular composers in Western musical history.(P27)论地位这个人在西方音乐史上是最受欢迎的音乐家之一。
Their efforts deserve to be rewarded.
他们的努力应得到报答。
The report deserves careful consideration.
这报告应该给予认真考虑。
deserve sth.值得；应得
deserve to do sth.值得做
deserve doing值得被做
＝deserve to be done
deserve it (口)活该；自作自受
　 You deserve to be sent to prison for what you have done.
按你的所作所为来讲，你应该被送进监狱。
The proposal he put forward deserves considering.
他的建议值得考虑。
　
单项填空
But there is no doubt that he the title “Saluting Rural Teachers 2012”．
A．deserves　　　　 B．reserves
C．preserves D．resolves
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是毫无疑问，他应该得到“2012年最美乡村教师”的称号。deserve“应该；使得”；reserve“保留；预定”；preserve“保护；保存”；resolve“决定；解决”。A符合句意。
【答案】　A
2．split up分手，分裂；断绝关系
Simon and Garfunkel split up in 1970.(P27)
1970年，西蒙和加芬克尔分道扬镳了。
The singer split up with his wife last June.
那歌手去年六月和妻子分手了。
The two partners split up after a quarrel.
这两个合伙人吵了一架之后分道扬镳了。
split up from/with sb.
和某人断绝关系/分手；离开某人
split sb.up使断绝关系，拆散；把……分成小组
　 She's split up with her boyfriend.她和男友分手了。
The party split up into three small groups.
该党分裂成三个小派别。
We were split up into groups to discuss the question.
我们分组讨论了那个问题。
　
完成句子
①他们结婚两年之后分手了。
after two years of marriage.
②他父母去年离婚了。
last year.
【答案】　①They split up　②His parents split up
3．tendency n．倾向，偏好；趋势；趋向
During the early part of the 19th century, black musicians used these folk songs to create a kind of music called the blues, because it had a tendency to be very sad.(P30)在19世纪上半叶，黑人音乐家借助于这些民歌创造了一种被称作布鲁斯的音乐，因为这种音乐形式有忧伤的趋势。
She has a tendency to rely on luck.
她总喜欢碰运气。
There is a tendency to think of each of the arts as a separate area of activity.目前有一种趋势，认为每一种艺术形式都是独立的领域。
①have a tendency to do sth.有做某事的倾向
②tend to/towards趋向/倾向于
tend to sb./sth.照料，照看某人/某事
tend to do sth.易于/往往会做某事
　 I have a tendency to talk too much when I'm nervous.
我紧张时总爱唠叨。
She tends to get angry when others disagree with her.
别人不同意她的看法时，她很容易生气。
　
单项填空
There is a growing to regard money more highly than quality of life.
A．tendency B．flood
C．decrease D．direction
【解析】　flood洪水；decrease下降；direction方向，不合题意。tendency作名词意为“倾向，趋势”，故选A。
【答案】　A
4．While the blues was popular, as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to.(P30)尽管布鲁斯音乐非常受欢迎，然而作为一种音乐形式，它缺少变化，而且太伤感、节奏太慢，不适合跳舞时伴奏。
在句中while用作从属连词，引导让步状语从句， 表示“虽然”，常用于句首。
While he loves his students, he is very strict with them.虽然他爱他的学生，可是他对他们很严格。
While China is getting stronger and stronger, it still belongs to developing countries.
虽然中国变得越来越强大，但仍属于发展中国家。
while的其他用法
while可作并列连词，表示对比关系，意为“而，然而”；
while可引导时间状语，表示“在……的时候/过程中”；
while可引导条件状语从句，表示“只要”，相当于as long as。
　 He was lonely while his father was away on business.
当父亲外出做生意时，他感到孤单寂寞。
While you have finished your work, you can go now.
只要你完成了工作，你现在可以走了。
【对接高考】
(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅰ)There's no way of knowing why one man makes an important discovery another man，also intelligent，fails.
A．since B．if
C．as D．while
【解析】　本题考查从属连词和并列连词的区别。句意：不清楚为什么一个人会有重大发现，而另外一个同样聪明的人却失败了。根据句意断定，该题的空格处需要填入一个并列连词。while具有并列连词的属性，表示“转折和对比”，正好符合句式结构和语意逻辑。故答案选D。其他三个选项都没有这种属性和功能，所以可以排除。
【答案】　D
　
完成句子
①他看着报纸就睡着了。
He fell asleep .
②只要我们紧密地团结一致，一定能克服这些困难。We can surely overcome these difficulties .
【答案】　①while reading a newspaper　②while we are closely united
单项填空
③ volleyball is her main focus，she's also great at basketball.
A．Since B．Once
C．Unless D．While
【解析】　句意：尽管她把重点都放在排球上，可她也擅长篮球。根据句意应选择D项。这里while引导让步状语从句。
【答案】　D
5．spring up突然兴起；迅速出现；跳起
Thus, from the blues, there sprung up a faster, livelier kind of music called jazz.(P30)就这样，由布鲁斯产生了一种节奏更快，更生动活泼的音乐形式——爵士乐。
The rice is beginning to spring up.
稻子正开始迅速生长。
A new custom has sprung up.
一种新的风尚出现了。
spring to one's feet突然站起来
spring from起源于，出身于，来自
spring sth.on sb.突然提出/告知某人某事
　 These rules spring from the needs of traffic.
这些规则源于交通的需要。
She sprung a piece of bad news on me.
她突然告诉我一条坏消息。
　
单项填空
In recent years，new buildings have like mushrooms in the city.
A．sprung to B．sprung up
C．sprung through D．sprung on
【解析】　本题考查动词短语辨析。句意：近几年来，新建筑物犹如雨后春笋般出现在这座城市里。spring up突然兴起，迅速出现，符合语境，故选B。
【答案】　B
6．From the early 1930s to the early 1950s, traditional jazz went into a gradual decline, and was replaced by a new musical trend known as rhythm and blues, or R&B.(P30)从二十世纪三十年代早期到二十世纪五十年代早期，传统爵士乐逐步衰退，由一种新的被称作强烈节奏蓝调或节奏怨曲的音乐潮流所替代。
(1)decline vi.& n．衰落，衰败；减少，下降；vt.& vi.婉言谢绝，拒绝
There has been a gradual decline in the population of the town.这个城镇的人口在逐渐地减少。
As one grows older his memory declines.
人的记忆力随着年龄的增长而衰退。
on the decline在衰退中，走下坡路
fall into decline衰落
decline to do sth.拒绝做某事
　 He declined to answer my questions.
他拒绝回答我的问题。
Both these numbers have been on the decline for decades.近几十年来，这些数字都在减少。
【提示】　on the decline的反义词组为on the increase，意思是“正在增长，不断增长”。
decline/refuse/reject
decline
相当于refuse politely，主要用于拒绝有关社交活动的邀请或要求帮助的请求，后接名词或动词不定式，主语只能是人。
refuse
表示“拒绝”，含有非常坚决地、不客气地拒绝的意思。
reject
意为“抛弃，不采纳”，主语可以是人或物，后接名词。
　
用decline/refuse/reject填空
①He asked her to go to the movies three times，and each time she him.
②I invited her to join us，but she .
③They him a visa.
【答案】　①rejected　②declined　③refused
(2)trend n．趋势，动向，倾向
The trend of taxes is still upwards.
税金仍有提高的趋势。
This is the latest trend in fashion.
这是最新潮流。
a trend towards...……方面的趋势/动向/潮流/风气
start/set a new trend of开创……的新潮流/风气
　 But recently, we have seen a gradual trend towards healthier food.
但是近来我们注意到，人们逐渐倾向于更健康的饮食。
The film Rambo set/start a new trend of violent action movies.
电影《第一滴血》开创了暴力动作影片的新潮流。
　
单项填空
④There is a growing earlier retirement.
A．trend towards B．tend towards
C．trend for D．tend for
【解析】　trend和tend这两个词都有“趋势”的含义，且搭配的介词也都是towards，但trend可作名词，tend是动词，故答案为A。
【答案】　A
完成句子
⑤物价趋势是一直上涨的。
The is still upwards.
⑥他总是赶时髦。
He is always following the in fashion.
【答案】　⑤trend of prices　⑥latest trends
7．seek(sought，sought) vt.& vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求
In the early 1950s, a record company owner from Memphis, Tennessee, Sam Philips, sought to bring rock music to white audience.(P31)
在二十世纪五十年代早期，田纳西州孟菲斯的音乐制作人萨姆·菲利普斯试图把摇滚乐介绍给白人观众。
I sought to change her mind.
我试图改变她的心意。
Most men seek wealth, while all men seek happiness.
多数人追逐财富，而人人寻求幸福。
seek(for/after)寻求
seek sth.from sb.向某人寻求
seek one's fortune外出寻找发财机会；外出闯荡
seek one's advice/help/assistance征求某人的建议/寻求帮助
seek to do sth.设法/试图做某事
seek out搜寻出；找出；挑出；努力寻找；物色
seek for找寻；寻求
　 Seek out your good fun friends.
挑选出你的好的有趣的朋友。
They went to New York to seek their fortune.
他们去纽约寻求致富之路。
She managed to calm him down and seek help from a neighbour.
她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。
　
单项填空
—Really，I don't know to join the arm or to find a job after graduation.
—Why don't you your parents' advice？They will surely help you.
A．if；take B．whether；follow
C．if；give D．whether；seek
【解析】　后跟不定式用whether而不用if，排除A、C两项；根据句意，“向……寻求建议”(＝seek one's advice)而B项follow one's advice“听从/遵从……建议”，故答案为D项。
【答案】　D
8．prejudice n．偏见，歧视； 偏爱，偏袒
Because of the prejudice and racial discrimination of the time，he knew that he had to use white singers or the records might not get played on the radio.(P31)
因为当时的偏见和种族歧视，他知道他得用白人歌手，否则，唱片将不会由无线电播放。
Many old people have a prejudice against modern music.很多老人对现代音乐怀有偏见。
There is little prejudice against workers from other countries.对来自其他国家的工人们来说并无偏见。
①have (a) prejudice against对……有偏见
②prejudice vt.使抱偏见；使存成见；
使怀有(或形成)偏见
prejudice sb.against使……对……产生偏见
③prejudiced adj.有偏见的；带成见的；偏心的
be prejudiced against对……有偏见
　 What made you so prejudiced against pop music?
是什么使得你对流行音乐有如此偏见？
You shouldn't be prejudiced against women drivers.
你不应该对女驾驶员有偏见。
　
完成句子
①公司的经理对女性有偏见。
The manager of the company women.
②她讲话的方式使我对她产生了偏见。
Her way of speaking her.
【答案】　①has a prejudice against/is prejudiced against　②prejudiced me against
9．Wherever the Beatles went, there was a phenomenon called “Beatlemania”—thousands of fans would surround them, screaming and going crazy trying to see them.(P31)不管“披头士”乐队去哪里，都会出现一种“披头士狂热”现象——成千上万的歌迷围住他们，尖叫着，疯狂地想见他们一面。
wherever the Beatles went是wherever引导的让步状语从句，表示“不管/无论在哪里”，相当于no matter where。
Wherever (No matter where)he works，he will be happy.
无论在哪儿工作，他都会愉快的。
Wherever you go, you can get in touch with us through the Internet.
无论你去哪里，你都可以通过因特网与我们联系。
(1)whatever等词是由连接词what＋ever构成的合成词。相关的词还有whoever，whomever，whichever，whenever，wherever，however等。它们都有一个共同的用法，相当于no matter＋疑问词，意为“无论……，不管……”，如whatever＝no matter what，whoever＝no matter who，however＝no matter how 等等，它们都可引导让步状语从句。
①however 后必须接adj./adv.，引导让步状语从句，其语序为however＋adj./adv.＋主语＋谓语。
②whichever后必须接n.引导让步状语从句。
(2)whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever 除了引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句，相当于定语从句的先行词。
　 Whenever (＝No matter when) you come, you will be warmly welcomed.
无论什么时候来，你都会受到热烈欢迎。
It's wrong to give children whatever they want.
孩子要什么就给什么是错误的。(此处不能用no matter what代替whatever)
【对接高考】
(2013·江苏高考)In the global economy，a new drug for cancer， it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A．whatever B．whoever
C．wherever D．whichever
【解析】　通过分析句子结构可知， it is discovered在句中作状语。在这个状语从句中，不缺少构成句子的主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，从而选择具有副词性质的词成为答题的关键。分析四个选项可知符合条件的只有C项(wherever)，故答案选C。句意：在全球经济中，无论是在哪儿发现一种治疗癌症的新药物，这都将会在全球产生很多经济方面的可能性。
【答案】　C
　
完成句子
①不论谁喜欢你都可以带着去旅游。
You can take likes the journey with you.
②他无论在什么地方都快乐。
he may be, he will be happy.
【答案】　①whoever　②Wherever/No matter where
10．break up破裂；解散；破碎
However, even though the Beatles broke up in 1970, no group since has even come close to being as popular or selling as many records.(P31)但是，尽管披头士在1970年就解散了，从那以后没有一个乐队能够望其项背，如此受欢迎，并销售出如此多的唱片。
He can break up a brick with his hand.
他用手能打碎砖。
Police had to break up the crowd.
警察不得不驱散人群。
break down出故障，坏掉；垮掉
break in破门而入；打断(谈话等)
break into强行闯入；突然……起来
break out(战争、火灾等)爆发
break away from脱离；逃离
break off中断；折断；突然停止
break through突破；克服
　 Dad would occasionally break in with a suggestion.
爸爸偶尔会插话，提出建议。
Talks have broken down over the disputed territory.
对有争议的领土问题的谈判破裂了 。
　
单项填空
①—I'm surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have .
—So am I．They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.
A．broken up B．finished up
C．divided up D．closed up
【解析】　break up断绝关系；finish up结果成为，最终到来；divide up分担，分配，分享；close up(伤口)愈合。根据句意，故选A。
【答案】　A
将下列句子中画线部分译成汉语
②The ice has broken up.
③The police broke up the crowd.
④We will break up the convention.
⑤The meeting broke up at nine.
⑥What broke up their friendship.
⑦School breaks up next week.
【答案】　②融化　③驱散　④打破　⑤结束，散会　⑥破坏，中止　⑦放假
如何写人物介绍
1．人物介绍的写作特点：
描写人物时，要以人物为主导，所写的事是为衬托人物服务的，写作时，外貌的描写、语言描写以及性格的刻画等，都要服务于人物，不可喧宾夺主，本末倒置。
2．在写作细节上，写人的记叙文要注意以下几点：
①介绍人物：详略得当。
人物类记叙文写作的基本要素，要全面且细微，有特色而不落俗套。另外，叙述事情时，要突出重点，详略得当。还可以有意识地采用类似“设置悬念”、“前后呼应”的写作手法，以引起读者的兴趣。
②突出特点：立体刻画。
多从人物的特征、爱好、品德、成绩入手，突出立体形象。人物的动作、言语如何记叙，表达上都应该仔细地推敲。
③挖掘深度：提升内涵。
此部分为人物描写的精髓部分，要多讴歌积极向上的精神和思想，这是文章升华之处，也是作文的思想核心。
④写作方法上，一般以时间为线索，描述人物的成长历程或业绩的逐渐扩大延伸。
⑤要积极向上，给人以启迪和力量。严禁把一些不健康的思想倾向，传播给读者，特别是青少年。
3．写作提纲
总说具体介绍个人情况结尾(评价)
常用的表达方式：
1．Born in...，he/she had a gift for...
2．He/She devoted himself/herself to...and made rapid progress.
3．He/She went through great hardship/overcame many difficulties.
4．It is no wonder that...
5．What's worth affirming is that...
6．Young as he/she was，he/she achieved great success.
7．His/Her hard work paid off and brought him/her great success.
根据下列文字写一篇120词左右的文章，介绍海顿。
身份
海顿，奥地利著名音乐家，维也纳古典乐派重要代表人物
经历
1732年3月31日，出生于奥地利南方靠近匈牙利边境的风景秀丽的罗劳村。1749年因变音被开除失业，从此流落街头。从1753年起，声名鹊起；1760年结婚，但和妻子相处不好，不久离婚。1761年受雇于一奥地利皇族。1802年因病无法作曲，1809年5月31日逝世于维也纳。
评价
海顿是世界音乐史上影响巨大的重要作曲家
[思路分析]　
介绍人物生平一般按照时间顺序来叙述。就其内容来说，主要包含以下几个方面：
(1)人物的出生地、特别的经历等；(2)作品及其思想价值或评价；(3)创造性的贡献。
[词汇热身]　
1．著名的，杰出的
2．成名
3．与……相处
4．离婚
5．雇用
6．生病
7．逝世
【答案】　1.outstanding　2.become popular/gain fame　3.get along(with sb.)　4.get/become separated/divorced
5．hire　6.become ill/suffer an illness　7.pass away
[句式温习]　
1．16岁时，他年龄太大，无法唱高音部，使他失去了工作。
At 16，he was old sing high choral parts， made him lose his job.
2．从1753年，随着他技能的不断提高，他开始成名。
From 1753， ，he began to .
3．他与妻子感情不好而离婚，膝下无子。
He and his wife didn't get along and got separated soon， .
【答案】　1.too；to；which　2.with skills increasing；become popular　3.leaving no children
[连句成篇]　







【参考范文】　
Haydn，the outstanding composer of the classical period，was born on the 31st of March in 1732 in an Austrian village，near the Hungarian border.
At 16，he was too old to sing high choral parts，which made him lose his job.From 1753，with his skills increasing，he began to become popular.In 1760，Haydn got married，but he and his wife did not get along and got separated soon，leaving no children.In 1761，he was hired by one of the wealthiest and most important families in the Austrian Empire.In the year of 1802 he suffered an illness and became physically unable to compose，he passed away on the 31st of May in 1809.
He is considered as one of the greatest musicians in the history of music.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． vt.& vi.选派角色；投射(光、影)：向……投以(视线、笑容)
2． adj.极好的；令人惊叹的，令人敬畏的
3． vt.判刑，宣判；指责，谴责
4． vt.& vi.& aux.敢于，胆敢
5． vt.逮捕，捉拿；抓住，捉住；夺取，攻占
6． vt.训斥，责骂
7． n．最后期限，截止日期
8． adj.民间的，民俗的；n.人们；亲属(尤指父母)
9． n．衰落，衰败；减少；下降；vt.& vi.衰落；下降；婉言谢绝
10． vt.& vi.试图，设法；寻找，寻求
11． vi.尖叫，高声喊；呼啸；n.尖叫，尖锐刺耳的声音
12． n．偏见，成见vt.使怀有(或形成)偏见
13． n．歧视，区别对待；辨别力，鉴赏力
B．词汇拓展
14． adj.令人不安的；引起恐慌的→
v．搅乱，弄乱；干扰→ adj.困扰的
15． vt.强烈要求；需要 n．要求；需求→
adj.要求高的，苛求的
16． adj.清楚的，显然的→ adv.明显地，显然→ n．证据；证词
17． adj.仁慈的，慈悲的，宽大为怀的→
adv.仁慈地；宽恕地；宽容地→ n．仁慈；宽恕；宽容
18． n．奴隶身份；奴隶制→ n．奴隶
19． n．倾向，偏好；趋势，趋向→ v．倾向；趋向
20． adj.逐渐的，逐步的；平缓的→ adv.逐渐地；逐步地
【答案】　1.cast　2.awesome　3.condemn　4.dare
5．seize　6.scold　7.deadline　8.folk　9.decline
10．seek　11.scream　12.prejudice　13.discrimination
14．disturbing; disturb; disturbed　15.demand；demanding　16.evident; evidently; evidence　17.merciful; mercifully; mercy　18.slavery; slave　19.tendency; tend　20.gradual; gradually
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1． 相爱，坠入爱河
2． 初次见面；乍一看
3． 参加；参与
4． 破裂，解散；破碎
5． 变得疯狂
6． be condemned to sth.
7． ask for somebody's hand in marriage
8． split up
9． spring up
10． dance to
B．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
11．They the first time they saw each other.
12．He fired on the crowd and be shot.
13．The results of the tests were， ，surprising.
14．In the past few years, a lot of tall buildings
in our city.
15．Mike was in a bad mood, for he with his girlfriend.
【答案】　1.fall in love　2.at first sight　3.participate in
4．break up　5.go crazy　6.被处以某种刑罚　7.(向女方)求婚　8.分手；分裂；破裂；离婚　9.突然兴起，迅速出现　10.伴随……而跳舞　11.fell in love　12.was condemned to　13.at first sight　14.have sprung up　15.broke up
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．The emperor finds the death disturbing.
【句式仿写】　看到人民生活得比过去任何时候都好，他感到高兴。

2．Unfortunately，Puccini died of a heart attack before he completed this final scene...
【句式仿写】　我们现在的确想在价格上涨前就去买点东西。


3．Just imagine performing such an opera in the Forbidden City—there could not be a more awesome setting!
【句式仿写】　任何其他书籍对我一生的影响都不如这本书大。

4．While the blues was popular，as a musical format it lacked variety and was too sad and slow to dance to.
【句式仿写】　我虽然喜欢这顶帽子的颜色，但却不喜欢它的形状。


5．Wherever the Beatles went，there was a phenomenon called “Beatlemania”—thousands of fans would surround them，screaming and going crazy trying to see them.
【句式仿写】　不论你到哪里，记住你是中国人。


【答案】　1.He was pleased/happy to find the people living better than ever before.
2．We do want to buy something now before prices go up.
3．No other book has had a greater influence on my life.
4．While I like the color of the hat，I do not like its shape.
5．Remember you are a Chinese wherever you go.