【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语人教版必修一教师用书Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero

Unit 5　Nelson Mandela—a modern hero
【美文阅读】　
曼德拉曾在牢中服刑27年，在其40年的政 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )治生涯中获得了超过一百项奖项，其中最显著的是1993年的诺贝尔和平奖。他是南非首位黑人总统，被尊称为“南非国父”，而且是一位当代英雄。让我们细读下文，了解他不平凡的一生吧。
Nelson Mandela was bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rn in Transkei，South Africa on July 18,1918.He was educated at University of Fort Hare and the University of Witwatersrand and qualified(符合资格) in law in 1942.He joined the African National Congress in 1944.
In June 1961，the ANC ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )considered his proposal(建议，提案) on the use of violent(猛烈的，暴力的) actions and agreed that those members who wished to involve(卷入，参与) themselves in Mandela's campaign would not be stopped from doing so by the ANC.
Mandela was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrested(逮捕) in 1962 and sentenced to five years' imprisonment with hard labour.In 1963，
Mandela was brought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to stand trial for plotting(密谋，策划) to overthrow the government by violence.On June 12,1964，Mandela was sentenced to life imprisonment.From 1964 to 1982，he was kept at Robben Island Prison，off Cape Town.
During his years ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in prison，Nelson Mandela's reputation(名声) grew steadily.He was widely accepted as the most important black leader in South Africa.Nelson Mandela was released on February 18,1990.After his release，he devoted himself to his life's work，trying to achieve the goals he and others had set out almost four decades earlier.In 1991，at the first national conference of the ANC Mandela was elected President of the ANC.
【诱思导学】　
1．How old was Mandela when he was elected President of the ANC
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why was Mandela put into prison
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.He was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 73 years old.　2.Because he plotted to overthrow the government by violence.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
人物是阅读理解中常见的类型，学生通过本单元的学习，学会如何理解文章的主旨大意和细节分析，对阅读理解的提高很有帮助。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
展示课前所搜集的图片，以竞猜的方式导入新课。多媒体展示图片，设置问题，引发学生思考……
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )思导学”(见学案第61页)。→学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
学生再次阅读课文(见课本第34页)并完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成“语篇理解”(见学案第62页)。←师生共同讨论并统一答案。←让学生快速阅读课文(见课本第34页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第61页)。
　　　　　↓
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，最后统一答案。→学生再次仔细阅读课文(见课本第34页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第62页)。→老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案第62页)。←学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。←让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第62页)。
　　　　　↓
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第34页并完成课本第35页第1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第63页)。
(见学生用书第61页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P34的Reading部分，完成下列表格
Black people's problems
No rights to 1.________their leaders.
In a bad 2.__________where they had to 3.________the laws.
Elias' life Before meeting Mandela ·A poor black worker in South Africa.
·Had no 4.________to live in Johannesburg.
·Became 5.________.
Elias' life After meeting Mandela ·Got Mandela's 6.________.
·Grew 7.________about his life.
·Joined the ANC 8.________.
·9.________to help Mandela.
·10.________some government buildings.
【答案】　1.vote　2.position　3.attack　4.passbook
5．out of work　6.guidance　7.hopeful　8.Youth League
9．Willing　10.Blew up
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P34Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What disadvantages did Elias have in finding a job
A．He helped Nelson Mandela blow up the government buildings.
B．He had poor education.
C．He was very young.
2．In Elias eyes，Mandela was ________.
A．silent and helpful
B．rich but selfish
C．kind and helpful
3．Why did Elias help Mandela blow up some government buildings
A．Because he liked violence.
B．Because it was not dangerous.
C．Because he thoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht it was a way to make black people and white people equal.
4．From Mr.Mandela's saying，we can get a conclusion that ________.
A．Mr.Mandela wanted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to break the law in a violent way in the beginning
B．black people had been given more rights
C．black people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )should rise up to fight for their own rights after years of being ruled
5．This text is mainly about ________.
A．a black man named Elias and his hard life in South Africa
B．Elias' description of his contact with Mr.Mandela
C．the deep friendship between Elias and Mr.Mandela
【答案】　1－5　BCCCB
Ⅲ.课文缩写
阅读P34的Reading部分，完成下面课文缩写
When Elias first me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t Mandela，he was in a difficult 1.________of his life.After he got a job，he was worried about being 2.________because he didn't have a passbook.Then Mandela，who offered 3.________to poor black people on their legal problems，told him what to do and helped him.At that time，black people couldn't 4.________or choose their leaders，get the jobs they 5.________or lived in the parts of town which were decided by white people.With the help of Mandela they chose to 6.________the laws，fought against the white people with 7.________.In 1963 he helped 8.________some government buildings.It was dangerous for him，but he knew it was to 9.________their dream of making black and white people 10.________.
【答案】　1.period　2.out of work　3.guidance　4.vote
5．wanted　6.attack　7.violence　8.blow up　9.achieve
10．equal
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．quality　　A．giving or willing to give freely
2．mean B．to give your time and effort to something
3．generous C．degree of goodness or worth
4．principle D．cruel or unkind
5．equal E．to use vi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olence to hurt a person or damage a place on purpose
6．stage F．period or step in the development
7．attack G．a moral rule or belief about what is right and wrong
8．devote H．having the same rights，opportunities，etc.
【答案】　1－8　CDAGHFEB
Ⅱ.短语填空
be devoted to， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out of work，blow up，be willing to，as a matter of fact，in trouble，turn to
1．Can you lend me a pump to ________my bicycle tires
2．It is good to help friends ________.
3．I tried to stand on my own two feet rather than ________my parents.
4．The nurse ________________caring for the sick.
5．Jim has been ________since the company closed down.
6．____________，we Chinese people never fear any threat.
【答案】　1.blow up　2.in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) trouble　3.turn to　4.is devoted to　5.out of work　6.As a matter of fact
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．However，this_was_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a_time_when one had got to have a passbook to live in Johannesburg.
然而在那个时候，你要想住在约翰内斯堡就非得要有身份证不可。
2．The_last_thirty_ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.
过去30年来所出现的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
3．Only_then_did_we_decide to answer violence with violence.
只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过对学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些单词和短语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语描写人物，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起着至关重要的作用，所以准确理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过和学生一起朗读已经准备好的一篇诗歌来导入本单元模块的中心话题“黑人英雄”，并让学生就这一中心话题进行open discussion。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生对学案预习的情况。→让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第63页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
让学生再次阅读课文(见课本第34页) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。←老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。←让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　↓
让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第67页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))。→老师布置作业，让学生完成课本第36页第1、2、3题，“课时作业”(学案第95页)和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第67页)。
(见学生用书第63页)
1．quality n．质量；品质；性质
And what qualities does a great person have？(P33)
而且一个伟人具有什么样的品质？
The good quality will sell well.
高质量会促进货品销售。
We demand not only quantity but also quality.
我们不仅要求数量，而且要求质量。
①be of
②in quality在质量方面
　There is no difference in quality between these goods.这些货物在质量方面没有区别。
They concluded that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the goods were of good quality and proved no problem.他们断定货物质地优良，并证明没有任何问题。
完成句子
①The kitchen oil ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )used in that restaurant was poor________________.那家餐馆所用的食用油的质量很差。
②The films that Jet Li stars in are ________________.
李连杰主演的电影质量很高。
【答案】　①in quality　②of high quality
2．mean adj.吝啬的；自私的；卑鄙的；刻薄的(P33)
He's too mean to buy us a meal.
他太小气，不肯请我们吃饭。
Why are you being so mean？你怎么会这么卑鄙？
Don't be so mean to your little brother!
别对你弟弟那么刻薄！
be mean about sth.吝啬某物
be mean to sb.对某人刻薄
be mean to do sth.不愿做某事
【教师备课资源】　
mean vt.本意是，原意为
①mean to do sth.打算做某事
②mean doing意味着……
③be meant for/to be本定为；注定要成为
Please forgive me —I didn't mean to be rude.
请原谅我，我不是有意无礼的。
I believe he is meant to be a soldier.
我相信他天生是要当军人的。
完成句子
①He ________________(在钱上很吝啬)．
②The book ________________(是给孩子们的)．
【答案】　①is mean about money　②is meant for children
3．active adj.积极的；活跃的(P33)
She is the most active member in our group.
她是我们组最活跃的成员。
She is wonderfully active for her age.
她年纪那么大，活跃得不得了。
be active about对……热心
be active in sth./doing sth.积极参与……
play an active part in在……方面起积极作用
take an active part in积极参加……
　She plays an active part in local politics.
她积极参与地方政治活动。
Every one of us is active in technical innovation.
我们每个人都积极参加技术革新。
完成句子
①He is ________________(最活跃的学生)in our class.(active)
②As a young man，he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________________(积极参加)politics in his spare time.(active)
【答案】　①the most active student　②takes an active part in
4．devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于
A great person is s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omeone who devotes his/her life to helping others.(P33)
伟大的人是献身于帮助他人的人。
After he gradu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ated he continued to devote himself to research.毕业之后他继续致力于研究工作。
Don't devote too much time to games.
不要浪费太多的时间玩游戏。
①devote oneself to(doing) sth.献身于……；致力于……
devote one's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )life/time/money/energy to (doing)sth.把某人的一生/时间/金钱/精力奉献于……
②devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的
be devoted to (doing)sth.专心于；致力于；奉献于……；忠爱
③devotion n．献身，忠诚
　I devote part of my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spare time to playing violin everyday.我每天都花部分业余时间练习小提琴。
Mrs.Jones had a very devoted husband.
琼斯太太有一位忠实的丈夫。
His whole life has bee ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n devoted to studying the origin of cancer.他的一生都献给了对癌症起因的研究。
根据汉语提示，用devote的相关词语完成下列小片段
怀特夫人，我的一位忠实的朋友，献身于她的事业。她对孩子们的关爱使我们投票选了她。
Mrs.White，a ________friend of mine，________her career and her ________to children made us vote for her.
【答案】　devoted；devoted herself to；devotion
5．out of work失业(表状态)
Sadly I did no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t have it because I was not born there，and I worried about whether I would become out of work.(P34)糟糕的是，我没有这个证件，因为我不是在那里出生的，我很担心我是不是会失业。
Colin is out of work and he's looking for a job.
柯林失业了，正在寻找工作。
Why were you out of work for so long
你为何这么久没有工作？
含out of的短语：
out of order混乱；发生故障
out of mind心不在焉
out of breath气喘吁吁
out of reach够不着
out of danger脱离危险
The telephone's out of order.电话机坏了。
He was very ill last week but is now out of danger.
他上星期病得很重，但现在已脱离了危险。
【教师备课资源】　
“out of＋名词”可表示两种含义：
①失去，离开，如：out of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )danger脱离危险；out of order混乱；out of reach够不着；②因为，由于，如：out of pity出于同情；out of respect出于尊重。
完成句子
①失业人数达到了300。
The number of people ________________reached 300.
②这种上衣已经很过时了。
This sort of coat is quite ________________.
【答案】　①out of work　②out of date/fashion
6．The_last_thirty_yea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs_have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.(P34)
过去30年来所颁布的大量法律剥夺我们的权利，阻挡我们的进步，一直到今天，我们还处在几乎什么权利都没有的阶段。
(1)see，find等有些动词，可以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用地点或时间名词作主语，表示某地或某时“经历、发生、目睹”了某事。该句是一个无生命的名词作主语的句式。
The year 1959 saw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the first appearance of a real flying ship in the world.
1959年世界上出现了第一艘真正的飞船。
The city saw many changes in the past ten years.
这座城市在过去的十年里经历了多次变革。
翻译句子
①The following years saw her acts in many plays.
________________________________________________________________________
②那座古老的塔见证了这个城市的发展。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①随后几年，她在多部剧中扮演角色。
②The old tower has witnessed the development of the city.
(2)stage n．舞台，阶段，时期
Shakespeare compared the world to a stage.
莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
At this stage our plan was absolutely secret.
在这个阶段，我们的计划是绝对机密的。
stage意为“时期，阶段”时，其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后接的定语从句常用where引导，相当于at which或in which。类似的先行词还有point，situation，case，scene，occasion，position等名词。
　The baby has reached the stage where he can stand up.
婴儿到了能站立的阶段。
③We're in a stage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________it's still too early to say who will win the most votes and become the new President.
A．that　　　　　　　　　　B．where
C．which D．what
【解析】　a stage作先行词，表示“阶段，时期”，定语从句用where引导。
【答案】　B
7．vote vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
Black people could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not vote or choose their leaders.(P34)黑人不能投票或选举他们的领袖。
As we can't all agree on this matter，let's vote on it.
大家意见不一，我们表决好了。
In that country，people get the vote at the age of 18.
在那个国家，人们年满十八岁获得选举权。
①vote to do sth.投票干某事；一致认为做……
vote for投票支持……
vote against投票反对……
vote on对……进行表决
②take/have a vote on对……进行表决
　I shall vote for Hall because I think he's the better man.
我将投票选霍尔，因为我认为他是好人。
I'm sure he will vote against it.
我肯定他会投反对票的。
介、副词填空
①Most of us ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )voted ________her，so she was elected as chairman of Students' Union.
②If we don't agree，we'll have to take a vote ________it.
③They voted ________build a Hope Project school in this area.
④Twenty two voted for it and forty two voted ________ it.
【答案】　①for　②on　③to　④against
8．attack vt.& n．进攻；攻击；抨击；(疾病等的)侵害
We chose to attack the laws.(P34)
我们选择向法律进攻。
The attack started at dawn.进攻在拂晓时开始。
Why did you attack us？你为什么要袭击我们？
make an attack on/upon对……发动攻击
under attack遭到袭击；遭到抨击
　The police are making a major attack on drug dealers.
警方正对毒品贩子发动大规模的攻击。
The village came under attack last night.
村庄昨夜遭到了袭击。
【对接高考】　
(2012·福建高考)China ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________ in the South China Sea.
A．attacking B．having attacked
C．being attacked D．having been attacked
【解析】　根据题干中出现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的“prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________”可知此处考查“prevent sb./sth.from doing sth.”结构。根据题意“中国最近加紧了对黄岩岛附近水域的控制，为的是防止中国渔船在中国南海受到攻击”可判断渔船(fishing boats)应该是“被攻击”，故应选择动名词的被动形式，从而排除表示主动形式的A和B两项；D项having been attacked为动名词的完成被动式，表示动作已完成，而题干句意并未表明渔船已经受到了攻击，故排除D项，正确答案为C。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①The city is easy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to ________________(袭击)the storm from the Pacific Ocean.(attack v．)
②The newspapers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________________(抨击)the president because of the new law.(attack n．)
【答案】　①be attacked by　②made an attack on
9．...only_then_di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d_we_decide to answer violence with violence.(P34)……只有到这个时候，我们才决定用暴力反抗暴力。
该句是倒装句。当“only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＋状语/状语从句”置于句首时，句子要用部分倒装，即把助动词、系动词或情态动词提到主语的前面。原句应是“We decided to answer violence with violence only then.”
Only then did he realize that he was wrong.
到那时他才意识到他错了。
Only in this way are you able to do it well.
你只有用这种方法才能把它做好。
　Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
只是当他回来时我们才查明了真相。
【提示】　若only修饰主语，即使在句首也不倒装。
Only some of the children passed the examination.
只有几个孩子通过了考试。
【对接高考】　
(2012·天津高考)Only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) after Mary read her composition the second time ________ the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice B．she noticed
C．does she notice D．she has noticed
【解析】　句意：只有到玛丽再次读她的作文之后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )她才注意到这个拼写错误。“only＋状语从句”放于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。after引导的是时间状语从句，接在only之后，放于句首，所以主句要用倒装，可排除B、D两项。而且根据语境可知read和notice都是过去发生的动作，所以答案为A。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①只有以这种方式我们才能学好英语。
________________________________________________________________________learn English well.
②只有医生能救他的命。
________________________________________________________________________save his life.
【答案】　①Only in this way can we　②Only a/the doctor can
10．as a matter of fact事实上，实际上
As a matter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of fact，I do not like violence...but in 1963 I helped him blow up some government buildings.(P34)
事实上，我并不喜欢暴力……但是在1963年的时候，我帮助他炸毁了一些政府大楼。
As a matte of fact，I don't know the truth.
事实上，我不知道真相。
He doesn't mind.As a matter of fact，he's pleased.
他并不介意。其实他很高兴。
as a matter of fact的同义短语(词)还有：
in fact；in reality；actually
　
He said he was fam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iliar with me.________，this is the first time that I have seen him.
A．However B．As a matter of fact
C．Or D．But
【解析】　句意：他说他和我很熟，实际上，我这是第一次见他。however符合语境，但使用时通常加逗号。
【答案】　B
11．equal adj.相等的；平等的
But I was happy to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )help because I knew it would help us achieve our dream of making black and white people equal.(P34)
但是，我乐于帮忙，因为我知道，这有助于实现我们的黑人和白人平等的梦想。
All countries，no matter big or small，should be equal.
国家不论大小，应该一律平等。
She's the equal of h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er brother as far as intelligence is concerned.论智力，她和她哥哥不相上下。
①be equal with sb.与某人平等
be equal in sth.在某方面平等
be equal to(doing) sth.胜任(做)某事
②equally adv.平等地
③equal v．与……相等，等于；比得上
The two boys are equally clever.
这两个男孩同样地聪明。
He is equal to doing this task.
他能胜任这项任务。
【对接高考】　
(2012·福建高考)Anyone，w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hether he is an official or a bus driver，should be ________ respected.
A．especially B．equally
C．naturally D．normally
【解析】　A项为“尤其，特别”；B项为“平等 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地，同样地”；C项为“自然地”；D项为“正常地”。由句意“任何人，不管他是一名官员还是一名公共汽车司机，都应该受到同样的尊敬。”可准确选择答案为B。
【答案】　B
介词填空
①He has no experience，so he isn't equal ________the task.
②He equals me ________strength，but not in intelligence.
③The black people in America want to be equal ______the white ones.
【答案】　①to　②in　③with
12．in trouble在危险、受罚、痛苦、忧虑等的困境中
Elias went to see Nelson Mandela when he was in trouble.(P35)
当纳尔逊·曼德拉身处困境时，伊莱亚斯去看他。
I didn't think to put myself in trouble.
我没想到会使自己陷入困境。
get into trouble(使……)陷入困境
have trouble (in) doing sth./with sth.做某事有困难
take the trouble to do sth.不辞劳苦干某事
out of trouble摆脱困境
If you get into ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) trouble，don't hesitate to ask for advice.如果碰到麻烦，要赶紧向人求教。
If you want to stay out of trouble，you'd best not make any mistakes.
如果你不想找麻烦，你最好别犯任何错误。
介词填空
①If we can't keep to the schedule，we'll be ________trouble.
②My teacher's son is always getting ________trouble.
③I have great tro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uble ________my English.Will you help me ________trouble
【答案】　①in　②into　③with；out of
13．turn to求助于；致力于；翻到(书的某页，某章)；查阅；转向；变成
Why did Nelson ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Mandela turn to violence to make black and white people equal？(P35)
为什么纳尔逊·曼德拉要借助于暴力来实现黑人与白人的平等？
We now turn to these important questions.
现在，我们转向这些重要问题。
We often turn to this handbook for information.
我们常从这本手册中查阅资料。
turn down关小；拒绝
turn in上交；上缴
turn off关掉
turn up出现，露面；调大
turn out证明是，结果是；外出
　For some reason she didn't turn up.
由于某种原因她没有来。
Turn off the lights when you go out of the room.
离开房间时关上灯。
Don't forget to turn down the gas after an hour or so.
别忘了过一小时左右把煤气关小点儿。
写出下列句中turn to的含义
①He was the one I always turned to for strength and security.________
②If you turn to page 40，you will find it.________
③More and more people turn to computer science.________
【答案】　①求助于　②翻到　③转向
Period ⅢLearning about Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过对学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些单词和短语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用由where，when，why及介词＋which/whom引导的定语从句。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )查学生对学案预习的情况。→让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第67页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见学案第67 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。←老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。←让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　↓
老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )掌握本单元语法知识。→让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第68页)。→师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　老师布置作业。让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生完成课本第37页第1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第69页)。←自我评估(见学案第69页)。
(见学生用书第67页)
lose heart丧失勇气或信心
The scientist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from whom...never lost heart when he was in trouble.(P37)
……的科学家当陷入麻烦时从不灰心。
We shouldn't lose heart.We may have another try.
我们不应该灰心，我们可以再试一次。
I'll never lose heart even if I should fail ten times.
即使失败十次，我也不灰心。
break one's heart使某人伤心
heart and soul全心全意地
lose one's heart to爱上；喜欢上
learn...by heart记住；背过
put one's heart into sth.专心致志于
　It's no use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )learning the text by heart without understanding it.背诵课文而不理解它是没有用的。
Jim lost his heart to the Persian cat at first sight.
吉姆一看见那只波斯猫就喜欢得不得了。
完成句子
①________________(不要泄气)whatever happens to you.
②She ________________(爱上了)the soldier with the broad shoulders.
【答案】　①Don't lose heart　②loses her heart to
阅读下列从Reading中选取的句子，观察其定语从句。
①The time when I f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irst met Nelson Mandela was a very difficult period of my life.
②It was in 1952 and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.
③He was generous with his time，for which I was grateful.
④The school where ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) I studied for only two years was three kilometres away.
⑤...until today w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e have reached a stage where we have almost no rights at all.
⑥...we were pu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important，or fight the government.
[自我总结]　
1．关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语(句________)；关系副词where在定语从句中作地点状语(句________)。
2．在“介词＋which/who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m”引导的定语从句中，which用于指代物(句________)；whom用于指代人(句________)。
3．“介词＋which/whom”结 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构中介词的选择一般取决于先行词的习惯搭配(句________)，从句中的动词、形容词等的习惯搭配(句________)。
【答案】　1.①　④、⑤　2.③、⑥　②　3.⑥　②、③
定语从句(Ⅱ)(when，where，
why，prep.＋which/whom)
一、关系副词(when/where/why)引导的限制性定语从句
关系副词 先行词 功能
when 表示时间的名词 时间状语
where 表示地点的名词 地点状语
why reason 原因状语
We will never forg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et the days when we stayed at that beautiful countryside.
我们永远不会忘记在那个美丽乡村待的那些日子。
Can you explain the reason why you don't help him
你能解释一下你不帮助他的理由吗？
This is the facto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry where(＝in which) the explosion happened.这就是发生爆炸的那家工厂。
【注意】　
关系副词选择两点注意：
(1)当先行词分别为表示时间、地点或原因的名词，且从句中需要相应的时间、地点或原因作状语时，则用关系副词。
(2)why引导定语从句时，先行词一般为reason。
二、“介词＋which/whom”引导的定语从句
在“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，关系代词只能用which或whom。先行词指物时，用which；先行词指人时，用whom。在这个结构中，介词的使用原则是：
1．根据从句中谓语动词的搭配习惯。
This is the book
这就是我花10元钱买的那本书。
2．根据先行词的搭配习惯。
The company in which Peter is working is very famous.彼得正在工作的公司非常出名。
3．看与从句中形容词的搭配。
The student with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whom she is strict has made great progress.她要求很严的那位学生取得了很大进步。
4．表“所有”关系或“整体中的一部分”时，用of。
The old woman has two sons，both of whom are doctors.
这位老太太有两个儿子，两个儿子都是医生。
三、抽象的地点名词与定语从句
像situation，c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ase(情况；实例)，point，stage(阶段)，activity，position，scene等表示抽象“地点”的名词作先行词时，若定语从句中缺少主语、宾语或表语，应用关系代词which或that来引导；若定语从句中缺少地点状语时，应用关系副词where来引导。
Have you met with the case where you are misunderstood by others
你遇到过被人误解的情形吗？
Have you met with the case which is similar to this one
你遇到过和这种情况相似的情形吗？
(见学生用书第68页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．I'm going t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o visit the factory ________your brother worked a few years ago.
A．that　　　　　　　　　B．where
C．which D．what
【解析】　句意：我要去参观你哥哥 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )几年前工作过的那个工厂。where引导定语从句修饰the factory，从句中缺少地点状语，故用where引导。
【答案】　B
2．He introduced me to his friends，________were his classmates.
A．two of them B．both of who
C．both of which D．two of whom
【解析】　选项A意思对，但不符合语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )法结构，整个句子缺少关系代词；选项B使用了who，但它不能用在介词后；选项C中的关系代词which不能指代人；选项D不仅意思对，而且语法结构也对，of whom引导定语从句。
【答案】　D
3．The reason ________he refused to attend the meeting was that they didn't give him an invitation earlier.
A．how B．which
C．why D．because
【解析】　句意：他拒绝参加会议的原 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因是他们没有早些时候给他发邀请函。the reason是先行词，且其后的定语从句中缺少状语，故用why引导。
【答案】　C
4．We haven't found ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a good place________we are going to place our new sofa.
A．that B．which
C．what D．where
【解析】　句意：我们还没有找到放 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )新沙发的合适地方。由句式结构可知，该从句为定语从句，先行词a good place，从句中缺少地点状语，故用关系副词where。
【答案】　D
5．Miss Feng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is my favorite math teacher，with ________help I've made great progress in my study.
A．whom B．whose
C．that D．her
【解析】　句意：丰老师是我最喜欢的数学老 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )师，在她的帮助下我的学习进步很大。“whose＋名词”引导定语从句，with one's help在某人的帮助下。
【答案】　B
6．The factory pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oduces half a million pairs of shoes every year,90% ________are sold abroad.
A．of which B．which of
C．of them D．of that
【解析】　句意：这个工厂每年生产50万双鞋子，90%销往国外。of表示“所属关系”，关系代词指物，用which。
【答案】　A
7．We went throug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h a period ________communications were very difficult in the rural areas.
A．which B．whose
C．in which D．with which
【解析】　a period在从句中作时间状语，所以应该用when或者in which。
【答案】　C
8．In your op ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inion，will such a wise man so easily be fooled by the reason ________you give
A．why B．as
C．that D．for which
【解析】　reason充当先行词，关系词在定语从句中作宾语，故关系词应用that或which或不填。
【答案】　C
9．China is one of the countries ________the Mekong River flows.
A．in which B．by which
C．across which D．through which
【解析】　flow through用在由“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句中。
【答案】　D
10．The main dif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ference between a successful person and a common person is that when they are both in trouble，the former never________.
A．loses the heart B．loses heart
C．loses his heart D．loses hearts
【解析】　lose heart ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的含义是“丧失勇气或信心”；lose one's heart表示“爱上，喜欢”。句意：成功人士和普通人的主要差异就是遇到麻烦时，成功人士从不失去信心。根据句意，选B。
【答案】　B
Ⅱ.合并句子
1．The house has been pulled down.
He lived in the house 10 years ago.→
The house ________he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
2．There is a table in the house.
There are some apples on it.→
There is a table in the house on ________there are some apples.
3．We settled down in a small village.
In front of the village ran a winding river.→
We settled down i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n a small village in front of ________ran a winding river.
4．She has three sons.
All of her sons are abroad now.→
She has three sons，________________are abroad now.
5．The boy was often late for school.
The reason is still unknown.→
The reason ________the boy was often late for school is still unknown.
6．I'll never forget the days.
We studied together then.→
I'll never forget the days ________we studied together.
7．He has two English Chinese dictionaries.
He bought both of them last week.→
He has two Engli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh Chinese dictionaries，both ________he bought last week.
8．We'll go to hear the famous singer.
We have often talked about the famous singer.→
We'll go to hear th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e famous singer ________________we have often talked.
【答案】　1.in which/wher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e　2.which　3.which　4.all of whom　5.for which/why　6.when　7.of which
8．about whom
Period ⅣUsing Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，询问别人的看法和给出自己的看法。
(5)掌握人物描写的方法。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是描写人物，是高考作文中常见的一个方面。学会描写人物和询问对方的观点以及给出自己的观点在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
我们每天都会接触到各种各样的人，那么怎么用英语描写人物呢？
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )→导入新课。→学生快速阅读课文(见课本第37页)并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
学生共同讨论。师生统一答 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案。←让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“语篇理解”部分(见学案第69页)。←学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　↓
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第70页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))。→学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。→学生完成“情景交际”部分(见学案第72页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
自我评估(见学案第73页)。←学生完成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“写作提升”部分(见学案第73页)。←老师指导学生共同找出答案。讲解本单元交际话题，并从高考命题角度来分析本交际话题。
　　　　　↓
让学生做“课时作业”(见学案第97页) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。→老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第74页)和Workbook 第70页Using Words and Expressions第1、2题，第71页Using structures第1、2、3题。
(见学生用书第69页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P38课文，判断正误
1．From Elias' st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ory，we learn that Black people in South Africa lived a hard life.(　　)
2．The reason ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )why Elias is proud is that he has fought all his life for equal rights for the blacks.(　　)
3．About the job t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aking tourists around the old prison，Elias felt bad all the time.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　TTF
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P38课文，选取最佳答案
1．Why did Mr.Mandela allow the prison guards to study too
A．Because he needed the guards' help.
B．Because he thought the guards had their rights to study.
C．Because the guards were black people，too.
2．After being released from prison，at first Elias________.
A．had no difficulty in finding a job for he was better educated
B．couldn't find any job for having blown up the government buildings
C．begged for food and help from others
3．When Mr.Mand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ela offered Elias the job of taking tourists around the prison，Elias________.
A．didn't accept it because of his sad experience there
B．accepted it after being encouraged by his family
C．didn't accept it because he had found a better one himself
【答案】　1－3　BAB
(见学生用书第70页)
1．escape vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露；逃避 vt.逃避；泄露 n．逃生
It was a prison from which no one escaped.(P38)
那是一座任何人也逃不出去的监狱。
I congratulate myself upon my narrow escape.
我庆幸自己死里逃生。
He thinks he will never escape hard work.
他想他永远逃避不了辛苦的工作。
①escape from＋n.从……中逃脱
escape(doing)sth.逃避(做)某事
②have a narrow escape死里逃生
　You were lucky to escape being punished.
你免除了受罚，真幸运。
I had left England to escape from my own fortune.
我离开英国是为了逃避自己的命运。
完成句子
①他今天早上从监狱里逃跑了。
He ________________this morning.
②没有办法逃避做这项工作。
There is no way ________________.
【答案】　①escaped from the prison　②to escape doing the task
2．They were not_cleverer_than me，but they did pass their exams.(P38)
他们不比我聪明，但确实通过了考试。
not cleverer than不如……聪明(客观上比较)
He is not healthier than his friend.
他不比他的朋友更健康。
You are not more careful than he is.你不如他仔细。
①not＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than意为“不比某人/物……”
②no＋adj./adv.(比较级)＋than并不比某人/物……；和……一样不……(主观的感觉)
　He's no richer than a beggar.
他同乞丐一样穷。
He works no harder than I.
他和我都不用功。
完成句子
①The patient is ________________he was yesterday.病人的情况和昨天一样。
②Tom is ________________John.汤姆没有约翰高。
【答案】　①no better than　②not taller than
3．beg vt. & vi.请求；乞求
All that time my wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fe and children had to beg for food and help from relatives or friends.(P38)在此期间，我的妻儿只得从亲戚朋友处讨饭吃，并乞求帮助。
His old mother was forced to beg.
他的老母亲被迫乞讨。
Why do you beg my pardon？为什么您要请我原谅？
beg for乞求得到；请求得到
beg to do sth.请求做某事
beg sb.to do sth.请求/乞求某人做某事
beg sth.of/from sb.＝beg sb.for sth.向某人要(求)某物
beg one's pardon①没有听清，请求别人再重复一次的意思，此时多用升调②请人原谅，向人道歉
　He begged his boss for a day off.
他请求老板给他一天假。
I beg you to reconsider your decision.
我请求你把你的决定再重新考虑一下。
完成句子
①She ________________(央求我等她)，for she didn't want to be left alone.
②In order to hand in his paper on time，he ________________(要求帮个忙)．
③Usually，there are some beggars who ____________(向路人讨钱)．
【答案】　①begged me to wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it for her　②begged for a favour　③beg money from passers by
4．I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.(P38)
第一次给旅行团作讲解时，我的心情很不好。
此句是一个主从复合句。the first time引导时间状语从句。此处the first time是名词短语用作连词，意为“第一次”。
The first ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me I saw you，I realized I seemed to have met you somewhere before.
我第一次见你时，我就意识到我似乎以前见过你。
The first time I cheated my grandparents，I felt rather shabby.
第一次欺瞒我的祖父祖母时，我感到自己有点卑鄙。
名词短语作连词，引导时间状语从句的还有：
①every/each time每次……
the next time下次……时
any time(在)任何时间
the last time最后一次……的时候
＝as soon as一……就……
　You must shake up the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) medicine each time before you take it.每次服药前你都必须把药摇匀。
The moment he a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrived at the hotel，he telephoned his parents.他一到宾馆就给父母打了电话。
for the first time/the first time/It's the frist time that...
for the first time 介词短语，在句中作状语
the first time 名词短语，用作连词，引导时间状语从句
It's the first time that... 固定句型，that从句要用现在完成时/过去完成时
选词填空：the first time，for the first time
①They hold hands in public________________.
②The camera just came apart ________________he used it.
【答案】　①for the first time　②the first time
5．reward n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
They said that the j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ob and the pay from the new South African government were my reward after working all my life for equal rights for the Blacks.(P38)
他们说，从南非新政府得到的这份工作和薪水是我毕生为争取黑人的平等权利而斗争所得到的回报。
I didn't do it for reward，I did it for love.
我不是为了报酬做这件事，只是由于爱好。
I shall reward him for his help.
对于他的帮助我会酬谢他的。
①as a reward for作为对……的报酬/奖赏
in reward作为报答；作为奖赏
in reward for/of＝in return for作为对……的报答(奖赏)
②reward sb.for (doing)sth.因……奖赏某人
reward sb.with sth.用……奖赏(酬谢)某人
　He was presente ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d with a television set in reward of his services.他得到一台电视机，作为对他贡献的奖励。
Is this how you reward me for helping/my help
你就这样报答我对你的帮助吗？
介词填空
①The mother r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ewarded her son ________an MP4 ________his excellent study.
②The government of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fered the scientist ￥5,000,000 ________reward for his great contributions.
【答案】　①with；for　②in
6．set up设立；建立；搭起
set up law office to help poor black people in Johannesburg...(P39)
在约翰内斯堡设立法律事务所来帮助贫穷的黑人……
They set up many branches throughout the country.
他们在全国建立了好多分公司。
We are planning to set up a publishing house.
我们正打算建立一家出版社。
set aside留下；把……置于一边
set down写下；记下
set out动身；出发；开始；陈述
set to(about)着手；开始
set off出发；动身；引爆；引发
　He knows how to set about doing these things.
他知道怎样着手做这些事情。
She set out that day to hunt for work.
她那天出去找工作去了。
【对接高考】　
(2012·福建高考)You ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had better ________ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
A．set aside　　　　　　　　B．take up
C．put away D．give out
【解析】　A项为“留出，省出”；B项为“开 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )始从事，把……继续下去，着手处理，占去”；C项为“放好，收好”；D项为“分发，耗尽”。根据句意“为了能使你自己保持精力充沛，你最好每天留出一些时间进行体育锻炼。”可知A项为正确答案。
【答案】　A
介、副词填空
①A new government was set ________after civil war.
②They will set ________for Paris next week.
③Once I realized what was wrong，I set ________correcting it.
④Having made the plan，she set ________to carry it out.
⑤You had better set your idea________before you forget it.
【答案】　①up　②off/out　③about　④out　⑤down
7．sentence vt.判决；宣判n.判断；句子；徒刑
(He was) sente ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nced to five years hard labour for encouraging violence against anti black laws.(P39)
由于鼓动用暴力反对歧视黑人的法律，(他)被判处五年劳役。
He is serving a sentence of five years in prison.
他正在狱中服刑，刑期5年。
sentence sb.to...判某人……刑罚
sentence sb.to death判某人死刑
sentence sb.to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )five years' imprisonment＝sentence sb.to five years in prison判某人五年监禁
　He was sentenced to 10 years in a labour camp.
他被判处劳动改造10年。
He was sentenced to death.他被判死刑。
Since this is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first time you have broken the law，you may be given a light________.
A．judge B．prison
C．sentence D．blame
【解析】　句意：因为这是你第一次犯法，你可能会得到轻判。a light sentence“轻判”。符合句意。
【答案】　C
8．He taught us du ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ring the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should_have_been_asleep.(P38)
他在午餐后的休息时间以及晚上本来该睡觉的时间教我们学习。
should have done意为“过去 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本应该做某事而没做”，有时含有责备的语气。shouldn't have done指“本不应该做某事而做了”。
You should have b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een here at four o'clock，but you didn't.四点时你就应该在这儿，可是你不在。
I shouldn't have tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eated you in such bad manners this morning.我上午本不应该以那样不礼貌的方式对待你。
完成句子
①—I'll tell her about the result of the last exam.
—You ________________(本应该告诉她)last week.
②I ________________the shopping with you yesterday.
昨天我本不应该陪你一起去购物的。
【答案】　①should have told her　②shouldn't have done
1．Asking for opinions：
What do you think of...
What's your opinion
Do you have any thoughts on that
How do you feel about that
Why do you think so
2．Giving opinions：
I think/I don't think...
I believe/I don't believe...
In my opinion...
I'm with you.
1．(2012·天津高考)—Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u have to believe in yourself.No one else will，if you don't.
—________.Confidence is really important.
A．It's not my cup of tea
B．That's not the point
C．I don't think so
D．I couldn't agree more
【解析】　句意：——你必须相信自己。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如果你都不相信自己，没有人会相信你的。——我非常同意。自信真的很重要。通过Confidence is really important.可知第二个说话人同意对方的观点。故D项I couldn't agree more“我非常同意”符合句意。A项“这不是我所喜欢的(人或东西)”；B项“那不是重点”；C项“我不这样认为”，均不符合句意。注意把握couldn't这样的否定式与比较级连用时表示最高级(肯定语意)概念的用法。
【答案】　D
2．(2011·江苏高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—You could always put the decision off a little bit longer.
—________If I leave it much longer I might miss my chance.
A．That's reasonable advice.
B．Isn't it a good idea
C．Do you think so
D．I can't agree more.
【解析】　句意：——你可以把做决定的时间往后 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )推迟一点。——你真这样认为吗？如果我再推迟的话，我可能会错过这次机会。据最后一句可知不认可对方提议，排除A、B、D三项。Do you think so？向对方的建议提出异议，即给出建议，故C项为正确答案。
【答案】　C
3．—Putting on a hap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )py face not only helps us make friends but also makes us feel better.
—________.
A．I'd love to
B．I'm with you on that
C．It's up to you
D．It's my pleasure
【解析】　句意：——露出笑脸不仅有助于我们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )交友，而且还使我们心情愉快。——我同意你那一点。B项表示同意对方的观点，即表达了自己的意见。A项表示欣然接受邀请；C项意为“由你来决定”；D项回答感谢。
【答案】　B
人物描写
人物介绍是高考书面表达常见的形式之一，以简单 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )介绍人物的生平为主，这种简短的人物传记内容是人物生平最基本的信息和最重要的事迹。一般包括下列内容：
1．人物的基本信息如：生卒年月、出生地、国籍、职业、家庭背景等。
2．人物的重要事迹(举例说明)。
3．人物及其事迹对社会的贡献或影响。
4．作者对人物的评价。
根据下列内容，用英语写一篇介绍世界著名童话作家安徒生(Hans Christian Andersen)的短文。词数100～120。
他生于1805年。十一岁丧父。由于家庭 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )贫穷，童年时期没能上学，他跟人学习缝纫技术。十四岁时到一剧院工作。后来在一些好心人的帮助下上了学。1828年接受高等教育(higher education)。毕业后从事文学(literature)创作。他坚持写小说、诗歌等。他努力创作，获得很大成功。他一生共创作一百六十多个故事。1875年去世。
[思路分析]　
这是一篇人物简介，可以按照安徒生的成长及发展经历的顺序来描写，时态应该用一般过去时，人称用第三人称。
[词汇热身]　
1．出生于……________________
2．接受高等教育________________
3．从事文学创作________________
4．谋生________________
5．坚持，继续________________
6．去世于________________
【答案】　1.be bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rn in...　2.receive higher education　3.work on literature　4.make a living　5.keep on　6.die in
[句式温习]　
1．因为家里穷，所以他没能上学。
________，his family couldn't send him to school.
2．后来，在一些好心人的帮助下，安徒生得到了上学机会。
Later，________________some kind people，Andersen ________________________.
3．毕业后从事文学创作。
________________he began to work on literature.
4．他努力工作，获得很大成功。
His hard work ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】　1.Being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) poor　2.with the help of；had the chance to go to school　3.After graduation　4.brought him great success
[连句成篇]　
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】　
Andersen was born in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )1805.His father died when he was only eleven.Being poor，his family couldn't send him to school.He had to go and learn sewing to make a living.At the age of fourteen，he went to work at a theatre.Later，with the help of some kind people，Andersen had the chance to go to school.In 1828，he received higher education.After graduation he began to work on literature.He kept on writing stories and poems.His hard work brought him great success.He died in 1875，leaving the world more than 160 stories.
(见学生用书第74页)
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词　
A．基础单词
1．________n．质量；品质；性质
2．________adj.积极的；活跃的________n．活动
3．________adj.慷慨的；大方的
4．________vt.建立；建设
5．________adj.法律的；依照法律的
6．________n．舞台；阶段；时期
7．________vt.& vi.投票；选举n.投票；选票；表决
8．________vt.进攻；攻击；抨击
9．________vi.逃脱；逃走；泄露
10．________vi.请求；乞求
11．________n．报酬；奖金vt.酬劳；奖赏
12．________n．意见；看法；主张
【答案】　1.quality　2.active；activity　3.generous
4．found　5.legal　6.stage　7.vote　8.attack　9.escape
10．beg　11.reward　12.opinion
B．词汇拓展
13．________n．自我；自身 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )→________adj.自私的→________adj.无私的；忘我的→________adv.无私地；忘我地
14．________vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于→________adj.忠实的；深爱的→________n．奉献；忠心；挚爱
15．________n．指导；领导→________vt.指导；指引
16．________adj.相等的；平等的→________adv.相等地→________n．同等；平等
17．________adj.乐意的；自愿的→________adj.不愿意的；不情愿的
18．________vt.教育；训 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )练→________adj.受过教育的；有教养的→________n．教育→________ n．教育家
【答案】　13.self； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )selfish；selfless；selflessly　14.devote；devoted；devotion　15.guidance；guide　16.equal；equally；equality　17.willing；unwilling　18.educate；educated；education；educator
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语　
A．短语互译
1．________________失业
2．________________事实上
3．________________在危险、痛苦的处境中
4．________________求助于，致力于
5．________________lose heart
6．________________come to power
7．________________set up
8．________________be sentenced to
【答案】　1.out of work　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.as a matter of fact　3.in trouble　4.turn to　5.丧失勇气或信心　6.当权，上台　7.建立，设立　8.被判处……
B．用上面短语的适当形式填空
9．The school has ________________a special class to help poor students.
10．Many people have ________________recently.
11．________________，I did not know him at all.
12．He tried his best ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to help someone ________________with great pleasure.
13．Don't ________________，you still have chances.
14．The emperor ________________in the next year.
【答案】　9.set up　10.be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en out of work　11.As a matter of fact　12.in trouble　13.lose heart　14.will come to power
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型　
1．The last thirty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) years have_seen the greatest number of laws stopping our rights and progress，until today we have reached a_stage_where we have almost no rights at all.
【句式仿写】　①这一所老房子见证了他们的幸福生活。
The old house ________________________________________________________________________.
②我已到了无法忍受他的地步。
I've ________________________________________________________________________I can't stand him.
2．Only_then_did we decide to answer violence with violence.
【句式仿写】　那时我才发现我在森林中迷路了。
________________________________________________________________________that I got lost in the forest.
3．They were not_cleverer_than me，but they did pass their exams.
【句式仿写】　他的法语并不比她的好。
His French w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as ________________________________________________________________________hers.
4．I felt bad the_first_time I talked to a group.
【句式仿写】　第一次在很多学生面前讲话时我感到很紧张。
I felt very nervous __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______________________________________________________________________to many students.
【答案】　1.①has seen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) their happy life　②come to the point where　2.Only then did I find　3.not better than　4.the first time I gave a speech
五种基本句型
英语句子有长有短，有简有繁，从现象看， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )似乎千变万化，难以捉摸，但从实质看，可以发现其内在联系，找出其共同规律。英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础，其他如定语、状语等均是句子的次要或附加部分。只要掌握了这五种基本句式，当遇到较复杂的句子时，运用这些基本句式进行分析，对句子的理解也就变得容易多了。在写作中，必须写好这些最基本的句型。
英语五种基本句型列式如下：
基本句型一 SV (主＋谓)
基本句型二 SVP (主＋系＋表)
基本句型三 SVO (主＋谓＋宾)
基本句型四 SVOiOd (主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾)
基本句型五 SVOC (主＋谓＋宾＋宾补)
一、SV (主语＋谓语)
　此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。
(1)这些动词常见的有：take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) place，happen，break out，appear，disappear，apologize，arrive，come，die，exist，fall，rise，hang(可作及物动词或不及物动词)等。
(2)有些动词如wash，sell，burn，write，clean，draw，cook，read等可以在后面加副词表示主语的性质。
1．The sun was shining.
2．We all breathe, eat, and drink.
3．Who cares
4.What he said does not matter.
5．They talked for half an hour.
6．The pen writes smoothly.
二、SVP (主语＋系动词＋表语)
　在该句型中，句子的谓语动词不能表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。连系动词分两类：
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e，look，seem，appear，smell，taste，sound，sit，stand，lie，keep，remain，stay等。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become，get，grow，turn，go，come，prove等。
1．This is an English Chinese dictionary.
2．The dinner smells good.
3．He fell in love.
4．Everything looks different.
5．He is growing tall and strong.
6．The trouble is that they are short of money.
7．Our well has gone dry.
8．His face turned red.
三、SVO (主语＋谓语＋宾语)
　这种句型中的动词为及物动词或者可以 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后接宾语的动词短语。谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。同时，句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。另外，动词或动词短语跟非谓语动词作宾语时，有些只跟不定式，而有些只跟动名词。
跟不定式做宾语的动词有：aff ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ord，agree，choose，decide，demand，desire，determine，fail，hope，manage，offer，plan，prepare，pretend，promise，refuse，seek，threaten，wish，arrange，learn，etc.
跟动名词做宾语的动词和短语有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：acknowledge(承认)，admit，appreciate(感激)，avoid，consider，delay，deny，dislike，prevent，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，mind，practice，quit(放弃)，risk，(can't)stand，suggest，advise等；动词短语有：give up，put off，feel like，set about，insist on等。
1．Who knows the answer
2．She smiled her thanks.
3．He has refused to help them.
4．He enjoys reading.
5．They ate what was left over.
6．He said “Good morning.”
7．I want to have a cup of tea.
8．He admits that he was mistaken.
四、SVOiOd(主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语)
　此句型谓语动词须跟两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者，即直接宾语和间接宾语。
这种句型中间接宾语常常指“人”，直接宾语常 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常指“物”。跟双宾语的动词有：award，give，offer，bring，buy，show，bring，leave，lend，pass，pay，promise，send，take，tell，get，book，fetch，find，make，order等。该句型还可转换为其他两种句型：
(1)动词＋宾语＋for sb.(buy，provide)。
(2)动词＋宾语＋to sb.(give，offer，show，lend)。
1．She ordered herself a new dress.
2．She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3．He bought you a dictionary./He bought a dictionary for you.
4．I showed him my pictures./I showed my pictures to him.
5．I gave my car a wash.
6．I told him that the bus was late.
7．He showed me how to run the machine.
五、SVOC(主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语)
　在英语中，有些动词接了一个宾语后句子意思 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )仍不完整，还需要再加上一个词或短语放在宾语之后来补充说明其身份、特征、状态或所做的动作，这种“宾语＋宾语补足语”结构称为复合宾语。宾语和补足语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，这是与双宾语的不同之处。
一些动词后面常跟复合宾语，这类动词有：l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et，see，watch，hear，help，feel，keep，call，make，find，tell，ask，think，want等。
1．They appointed him manager.
2．They painted the door green.
3．This set them thinking.
4．They found the house deserted.
5．What makes him think so
6．We saw him out.
7．He asked me to come back soon.
8．I saw them getting on the bus.
完成句子并写出句型代码。
1．他感到焦虑。
He __________ worried.(　　　　　)
2．这孩子看起来像只猴子。
The child ____________ like a monkey.(　　　　　)
3．你必须保持健康。
You must ____________.(　　　　　)
4．这种混合物味道太难尝了。
The mixture ________________________.(　　　　　)
5．他变得对科学感兴趣。
He ________ in science.(　　　　　)
6．现在我的梦想实现了。
Now my dream has ________.(　　　　　)
7．昨晚他显得十分疲倦。
He ____________ last night.(　　　　　)
8．这项工程持续了4年。
The project ______________.(　　　　　)
9．一个农民来到一个妇女家。
A farmer ____________ a woman's house.(　　　　　)
10．这种事每个晚上都发生。
It __________________.(　　　　　)
11．他们正在吃早饭。
They ________________.(　　　　　)
12．我希望不久收到到你的来信。
I ______________ from you soon.(　　　　　)
13．她不喜欢乘飞机旅行。
She ________________ by air.(　　　　　)
14．他们教我们汉语。
They ______________________.(　　　　　)
15．记者们把它们交给了编辑。
Reporters ____________________ the editor.(　　　　　)
16．请把信拿给我好吗？
Would you please ________________？(　　　　　)
17．他们打算将入口大厅涂为白色。
They are going to ________ the entrance hall ________.(　　　　　)
18．我不会让你走的。
I won't __________________.(　　　　　)
19．父亲看见他坐在一些鸡蛋上。
His father ______________ him ______________ on some eggs.(　　　　　)
20．我该把他留在家中吗？
Shall I __________ him ________________？(　　　　　)
【答案】　1.feels/f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elt，SVP　2.looks，SVP　3.keep healthy/fit，SVP　4.tastes too bad，SVP　5.becomes/grows interested，SVP　6.come true，SVP　7.seemed/appeared very tired，SVP　8.has lasted (for) 4 years，SV
9．came to/arrived at，SV　10.happens every night, SV
11．are havin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g breakfast，SVO　12.hope to hear，SVO　13.doesn't like traveling，SVO　14.teach/taught us Chinese，SVOiOd　15.handed them to，SVOdOi　16.fetch me the letter/the letter for me，SVOiOd/SVOdOi
17．paint，whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te，SVOC　18.let you go，SVOC　19.saw，sitting，SVOC　20.leave，at home，SVOC