【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语人教版必修五教师用书Unit 1　Great scientists

Unit 1　Great scientists
【美文阅读】　
US volunteer travels across country to
help people in need
狄更斯曾说“世界上能为别人减轻负担的都不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是庸庸碌碌之徒”。Drew Johnson用自己的行动向我们展现了一个普通的网页设计者助人为乐的伟大人格。
Drew Johnson，a web de ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )signer，considers helping others his passion.He says it occurred to him one day that he should make a road trip to help the needy.
“As you travel，you ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n help people，and then use your knowledge and ability with technology to connect people，to motivate them to go out and serve their communities，”he said.
He began his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )journey last October and is documenting his experiences on a blog.“I wanted to invite people along with me，and I think some of the best ways to do that is through pictures，video and writing.”
When Nashville，Tenn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essee，was destroyed by flooding this year，he helped people remove ruins from
their homes.He al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so lent a hand to refugees，including people from Burundi in East Africa.
Today he is deliv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ering free meals to the elderly in Maryland through a program called Meals on Wheels.
Peggy Toole of Meals o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Wheels says Johnson is a wonderful surprise.“Johnson does the dirty jobs some volunteers don't want to do.I wish there are more people like him putting a spotlight on how important it is to volunteer，to just help someone and to put yourself in somebody else's position.”
“You can use ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )your talents，your abilities in so many different areas out there to actually help people and make this world a better place，” Johnson said.
【诱思导学】　
1．What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to
2．Why does Drew Johnson document his experiences on a blog
【答案】　1.Johns ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on's intention to make a road trip to help people in need.　2.He wants to use this method to encourage more people to become volunteers.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
初步掌握本课文中的词汇，浅层次理解课文，了解相关的背景知识。
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元是新高二的第一课，上好这一课至关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )重要，会给学生留下非常深刻的印象。高二是学生高中时期的重要阶段，而且此时的高中生正是富有理想和朝气的年龄，引导他们向伟人学习，树立远大理想，为报效祖国而努力学习。通过本节的教学，让学生了解伟人的生活和事迹，帮助学生培养探索、钻研、无畏的科学精神。俗话说“万事开头难”。那么就通过老师的智慧，开个好头吧。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过介绍科学家钱学森的事迹导入新课。让学生了解科学家的生活和工作 。
大家可能都知道一些钱学森的业绩和故事，让同学们自由发言，讲述最令他们感动和最值得他们学习的地方。最后老师做出总结。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→学生阅读“美文阅读”与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“诱思导学”(见学案第1页)。→学生就话题“话题美文导读”进行讨论，统一答案。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
学生再次阅读课文(见课本第2－3页)并完 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )成“语篇理解”(见学案第2页)。←师生共同讨论并统一答案。←让学生快速阅读课文(见课本第2－3页)，并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第1页)。
　　　　　↓
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )最后统一答案。→学生再次仔细阅读课文(见课本第2－3页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第2页)。→老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第3页)。←学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。←让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第2页)。
　　　　　↓
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )－3页并完成课本第3页1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第3－8页), 写一篇介绍名人或伟人的作文。
(见学生用书第1页)
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P2的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3个单词)
Paragraph Stages General ideas
3 Think of a method. 3. data on w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )here people were dead and ill and where they got their water.
4 4. . Plot information on a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) map to find out where people 5. or didn't die.
5 Analyse the results. 6. the water to see if that is the cause of the illness.
6 7. . Find other evidence to confirm his 8. .
7 Make a conclusion. The 9. water was to 10. for the cause of the London cholera.
【答案】　1.cause　2.Make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a decision　3.Collect　4.Collect results　5.died　6.Analyse　7.Find supporting evidence　8.conclusion　9.polluted　10.blame
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．What does the passage mainly talk about
A．John Snow was a famous doctor in London.
B．The reason that caused the deadly disease cholera.
C．John Snow solved the problem of cholera.
2．Which of the following theories did John Snow believe in
A．A cloud of danger ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ous gas would float around until it found its victims.
B．People absorbed cholera into their bodies with their meals.
C．People got infected with cholera because of cold and hunger.
3．Before 1854，when cholera broke out， .
A．many thousands of people died
B．people with cholera could be cured
C．John Snow began to know its cause
4．How did he find out the cause of the disease
A．By living in the area where cholera broke out.
B．By marking a map where all the dead people had lived.
C．By telling the terrified people how to prevent it.
5．What do you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Londoners would do with the unused pumps after defeating “King Cholera”？
A．They would destroy them.
B．They would reuse them after cleaning.
C．They would desert them for good.
【答案】　1－5　CBABB
Ⅲ.课文缩写
阅读P2的Reading部分，完成下面课文缩写
pollute，announce，defea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t，believe in，spread，mark，gather，cure，outbreak，blame
John Snow was a we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll known doctor in London.Cholera was the most deadly disease of its day.Neither its cause nor its 1. was understood.So many thousands of terrified people died every time there was an 2. .
At that time，there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )were two theories explaining how cholera killed people.John Snow 3. the second one.As the disease 4. quickly through the poor neighbourhoods，he began to 5. the information.He 6. on a map where all the dead people had lived.The map gave a valuable clue about the cause of the disease.That was，the water from Broad Street pump seemed to be to 7. .Furthermore，he found the water came from the 8. river from London.
With another two cas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es，John Snow 9. with certainty that polluted water carried the disease and suggested that the source of all water supplies be examined.Finally “King Cholera” was 10. .
【答案】　1.cure　2.outbreak　3.believed in　4.spread
5．gather　6.marked　7.blame　8.polluted　9.announced　10.defeated
　
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．suspect　　　A．to invite sb.to enter a competition，fight，etc.
2．challenge B．to officially tell people about sth.
3．conclude C．to think sb./sth.is responsible for sth.bad
4．blame D．to think that something is true or not true
5．announce E．to complete something；to form a judgement
6．expose F．to show something that is usually
covered or hidden
7．contribute G．to give money，goods or your time and
effort in order to achieve sth.
8．attend H．to take part in；to look after
【答案】　1－8　DAECBFGH
Ⅱ.短语填空
put forward，link. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )..to...，expose...to，suspect...of，draw a conclusion，be to blame，be absorbed in
1．No one has a better plan than this one.
2．They shouldn't the news the old man.
3．The students sat in the classroom and
reading English.
4．We consider that you for the accident.
5．They from the fact at last.
6．People often lung cancer smoking.
【答案】　1.put forward ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　2.expose；to　3.were absorbed in　4.are to blame　5.drew a conclusion　6.link；to
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．John Snow was a f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )amous doctor in London－so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了照料维多利亚女王的私人医生。
2．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
人们既不知道它的病源，也不了解对它的治疗。
3．So many thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
每次爆发霍乱时就有成千上万惊恐的人病死。
4．A woman，who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had moved away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
一位从宽街搬来的女士如此喜欢水泵里的水以至于她让人每天把水泵里的水送到她家。
Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与应用。
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
As we all know that J ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ohn Snow was a famous scientist, who helped people in London defeated “King Cholera” . Now I want to ask xxx to say something about John Snow.
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生对学案预习的情况。→让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第3－8页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。 　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
让学生再次阅读课文(见课本第2－3页)以加深 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对所学单词与短语的理解。←老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。←让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　↓
让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第8页)。→布置作业。让学生完成课本第4页第1、2、3题，“课时作业”(见学案第95页)和预习“Period Ⅲ(见学案第9－12页)。
(见学生用书第3页)
1．put forward提出；将……提前
Who put forward a theory about black holes？(教材P1)谁提出了关于黑洞的理论？
Not long ago，he put forward a workable plan.
不久前他提出了一个切实可行的计划。
We've put the wedding forward by one week.
我们已把婚礼提前了一周。
put aside搁在一边(不去理会)；储存
put away收拾好；储存
put off延期
put on穿上；上演；打开
put out扑灭；使熄灭；生产
put up举起；建立；张贴
put down写下；记下；放下
　
He put aside his work to spend more time with his son.
他把工作搁下以便有更多时间陪儿子。
Put away the tools after work，will you
工作结束后请把工具收拾好，好吗？
【教师备课资源】　
put forward还可以表示把……向前拨；推荐
You ought to put your watch forward ten minutes.
你应该把手表拨快十分钟。
I put your name forward as a possible chairman of the committee.
我推荐你担任委员会主席。
【语境串记】　
He put forward a suggestion that the concert should be put forward.
他提议音乐会应该提前。
【对接高考】　
(2012·课标全国卷)Ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ry is really good at taking notes in class.She can almost every word her teacher says.
A．put out　　　　　　 B．put down
C．put away D．put together
【解析】　四个选项都是含有put ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的动词短语，意思分别是：put out熄灭；put down写下，记下；put away放好，储存；put together组合，放在一起。上文说“玛丽的确擅长在课堂上记笔记”，所以下文应是“她几乎能记下老师说的每一个字”，故选B项。
【答案】　B
　
单项填空
①(2012·河北邯郸月考)The suggestion by the teacher is available.
A．put forward B．putted forward
C．putting forward D．put on
【解析】　句意：老师提出的这个建议很可行。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )put forward“提出”是过去分词作后置定语，put的过去分词还是put。put forward与suggestion之间是动宾关系，故不能用现在分词作定语；put on“穿上，上演”，与句意不符。
【答案】　A
完成句子
②我不得不把面试推迟到圣诞节之后。
I the interview after Christmas.
③由于这部戏剧的成功，我们将在下周再次上演这部戏。
We the play again next week owing to its success.
④如果你用完了那些工具，我希望你把它们放好。
If you have finished with those tools，I wish you'd .
【答案】　②had to put off　③are putting；on　④put them away
2．conclusion n．[C.U]结论，结束
Draw a conclusion得出结论(教材P1)
They drew different conclusions from the facts.
他们从这些事实中得出了不同的结论。
I soon came to the conclusion that he was lying.
不久，我断定他在撒谎。
①draw/reach/come to/arrive at a/the conclusion得出结论；告一段落
in conclusion最后；总之；总而言之(用于文章或讲话结尾)
②conclude vt.& vi.结束；推断出
conclude (sth.)with sth./by doing sth.以……结束(某事)
conclude that clause断定
conclude...from...从……中推断出……
to conclude最后；总之(常作插入语)
　
The story concludes with the hero's death.
这则故事随着主人公的死亡而告终。
She concluded her performance with a poem.
她以一首诗结束了她的表演。
From the evidence I must conclude that you are wrong.
从证据看，我敢断定你错了。
　
单项填空
①(2012·山东济宁期末)We ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve come to conclusion that the company has been making great progress these months.
A．the；/　　　　　　 B．the；a
C．a；a D．/；a
【解析】　句意：我们已经得出结论， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )公司近几个月正取得飞速的发展。come to a/the conclusion“得出结论”，是固定用法。make great progress“取得重大进步”，progress是不可数名词其前不加冠词。
【答案】　A
完成句子
②Let me (用一句谚语结束我的演讲)：All roads lead to Rome.
③I (得出结论)that she forgot my birthday.
【答案】　②conclude my speech with a saying　③drew the conclusion/concluded
3．defeat vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败
JOHN SNOW DEFEATS “KING CHOLERA”．(教材P2)约翰·斯诺战胜“霍乱王”
Zhang Jike defea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted Wang Hao and won the champion at the 2012 London Olympic Games.在2012年伦敦奥运会上张继科战胜了王皓，获得了冠军。
Do you still remember the two defeats
你还记得那两次失败吗？
win/beat/defeat
词语 意义 所跟宾语
win 赢得，获胜 比赛、奖品、奖金、名誉、财产、战争等
beat 击败，战胜 竞争中的队或对手，或战争中的敌人等
defeat 击败，战胜 对手(用法同beat)、疾病等
　
选词填空：defeat，beat，win
①We them at football match yesterday.
②They are always but never beaten.
③We the football game yesterday.
【答案】　①defeated/beat　②defeated　③won
4．attend v．照顾；护理；出席；参加；陪同；陪伴；伴随发生
John Snow was a fam ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ous doctor in London—so expert，indeed，that he attended Queen Victoria as her personal physician.(教材P2)
约翰·斯诺是伦敦一位著名的医生——他的确医术精湛，因而成了维多利亚女王的私人医生。
attend on/upon sb.伺候某人
attend to护理或(医生)治病；处理；注意；专心
attend school/church去上学/做礼拜
attend a meeting/a lecture参加会议/听演讲
　
He did not attend the meeting yesterday.
昨天他没有参加会议。
They are ill.Please attend to them for me.
他们病了，请替我照顾他们。
I'll attend to the matter.
我来处理此事。
If you don't attend to work，you'll not succeed.
如果你不专心工作，你就不会成功。
attend/join/join in/take part in
attend 常指参加会议、典礼等，如attend a meeting/ceremony等。
join 可表示参加一个组织或与人为伴。其宾语常为party，army，team等；或接人，表示与某人一起。
join in 后接活动，强调与他人一起参与某一活动。
take part in 后接活动，尤其指众多人参加的群众性大型活动。
　
单项填空
①(2012·泰安高二检测)I c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an't go to the park with you because I have an important meeting to .
A．take part B．join in
C．attend D．join
【解析】　考查动词及动词短语辨析。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：因为我要参加一个重要的会议，所以我不能和你一起去公园。attend a meeting参加会议。A项应加介词in；join in和join后不接“会议”。
【答案】　C
选词填空：attend，join，join in，take part in
②My father a revolutionary organization in 1948.
③Why didn't you the talk last night
④We'll social activities during the summer vacation.
⑤He will an important meeting tomorrow.
【答案】　②joined　③join in　④take part in　⑤attend
5．expose vt.暴露；揭露；使曝光
But he became inspi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.(教材P2)
当他一想到要帮助那些得了霍乱的普通百姓时，他就感到振奋。
Do not expose your babies to strong sunlight.
不要让婴儿受到强烈的日光照射。
The student ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has been exposed to English for about six years.这个学生接触英语六年左右了。
expose sb./sth.to sb./sth.暴露某人/某事物给某人/某事物
expose oneself使自己面临危险；使自己暴露于
be exposed to遭受到
It is unwise to e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xpose yourself by trying to perform music that is too difficult for you.演奏对自己来说太难的乐曲而使自己难堪是不明智的。
The baby was left exposed to the wind and rain.
婴儿被离弃于风雨之中。
The wolf ope ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned its mouth to expose a row of sharp white teeth.狼张开嘴，露出一排白色的尖牙。
　
① to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
A．Exposed B．Being exposed
C．Having exposed D．After being exposed
【解析】　句意：长时间暴露在阳光下 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对人的皮肤有害。being exposed to sunlight for too much time在句中为动名词短语作主语。
【答案】　B
②Take care not t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o keep your children to the bad books and magazines.
A．expose B．exposing
C．to expose D．exposed
【解析】　 本题考查动词exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ose的用法。句意：当心不要把孩子们置于不良书籍和杂志的影响下。children与expose之间是被动关系，故选D项。exposed to 意思是“使暴露于(日光、风雨等)，受到风险，使面临”。
【答案】　D
6．cure n．治愈；痊愈vt.治愈；治疗；解决(问题)
Neither its c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ause nor its cure was understood.(教材P2)人们既不知道它的病源，也不知道它的治疗方法。
I hope the doctor can cure me of my disease.
我希望医生能治好我的病。
Attempts to cure unemployment have so far failed.
到目前为止，解决失业问题的种种努力都失败了。
①cure sb.of...治愈某人的病；改掉某人的坏习惯
②a cure for a disease医治某种病的药/疗法
　
Doctors are searching for a cure for AIDS.
医生们正在寻找艾滋病的治疗方法。
【教师备课资源】　
注意：cure后不能直接跟双宾语，要用of引出其直接宾语，用法相似的词还有：
accuse sb.of sth.指控、指责某人某事
inform sb.of sth.通知某人某事
remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事
rob sb.of sth.抢某人某物
warn sb.of sth.警告某人某事
convince sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事
suspect sb.of sth.怀疑某人某事
　
cure/treat
cure “治愈”，强调结果 常用搭配cure sb.of sth.
treat “治疗”，强调过程 常用搭配treat sb.for sth.
Penicillin cured him of pneumonia.
青霉素治愈了他的肺炎。
Which doctor is treating you for this trouble
哪位医生给你治病？
【即时应用】　
完成句子
①如今，疟疾可以用药物治疗。
Nowadays malaria can drugs.
②只有这样才能治好你粗心的毛病。
Only in this way can you your carelessness.
【答案】　①be treated with　②be cured of
7．So many thous ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ands of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(教材P2)因此每次(霍乱)暴发，就有成千上万惊恐的人死去。
在这个句子中every time用作连词，引导时间状语从句。意为“每次……就”，与each time相同。
Every time he comes ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck to his hometown，he will call on his former teachers.
每次回到家乡，他都会去看望他以前的老师。
【提示】　在every/each time等引导的时间状语从句中，如果主句用将来时态，从句则用一般现在时表示将来。
可充当连词的名词词组：
the＋瞬间名词(minute，moment，instant)
the＋序数词＋time
不定代词(each，every，any)＋time
the＋day(week，month，year)
　
He came out of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) classroom the moment the class was over.一下课他就离开了教室。
Next/The next time you come in，please close the door.
下次进来的时候，请把门关上。
I thought her nice and honest the first time I saw her.
我第一次见到她就认为她是一个诚实的好人。
【教师备课资源】　
表示“一……就……”的连词还有：
as soon as，immediately，instantly，directly
　
完成句子
①每当我发表意见时，他总是反驳。
I express my opinion，he argues back.
②我一到这里就感到耳目一新。
I found myself in an entirely world I arrived here.
【答案】　①Every time/Each time　②the moment/the minute
8．absorb vt.吸收；吸引；吞并；使专心
The second s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uggested that people absorbed this disease into their bodies with their meals.(教材P2)
第二种看法是人们吃饭的时候把这种病毒带入体内。
The clever boy absorbed all the knowledge his teacher could give him.
那个聪明的男孩把老师教给他的所有的知识都理解了。
be absorbed by被……吞并；为……所吸收
be/get absorbed in全神贯注于……；一心从事；热衷于
absorb sb.'s attention吸引某人注意
absorb oneself in＝be absorbed in全神贯注于……
　
The surrounding villages have been absorbed by the growing city.
周围的村庄已经并入了这个不断扩展的城市。
He pretends to be absorbed in listening.
他假装在专心听讲。
Absorbed in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his thoughts，the scientist didn't notice what had happened before him.
这位科学家陷入沉思中，没有注意到眼前所发生的事。
【教师备课资源】　
表示“集中注意力于……，致力于……”的常用短语还有：
①be devoted to
②be buried in
③be bent on
④focus...on/upon...
⑤concentrate...on...
⑥be applied to
【即时应用】　
(2012·山东临沂调研)She w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as so in her job that she didn't hear anybody knocking at the door.
A．attached B．absorbed
C．drawn D．focused
【解析】　be absorbed in“全神贯注于……”，符合句意。而attached与to连用，focus与on连用。
【答案】　B
9．suspect vt.认为；怀疑n.被怀疑者；嫌疑犯adj.不可信的；靠不住的
John Snow suspected ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the second theory was correct but he needed evidence.(教材P2)约翰·斯诺认为第二种说法是正确的，但是他需要证据。
The police arrested two suspects.
警察逮捕了两个嫌疑犯。
We all suspect the truth of the report.
我们对报告的真实性感到怀疑。
Some of the evidence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) they produced was highly suspected.他们出示的证据中有些相当不可靠。
suspect＋sb./sth.怀疑某人或某事
suspect sb.of doing sth.怀疑某人做某事
suspect sb.to be...怀疑某人是……
suspect that(从句)．..怀疑……
　
They suspect him of giving false evidence.
他们怀疑他提供伪证。
　
①(2012·济南高二检测)Nobod ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y wants to make friends with the boy money.
A．suspected of having stolen
B．suspecting to steal
C．suspected having stolen
D．suspecting to have stolen
【解析】　句意：没有人愿意与那个被怀疑偷了钱 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的男孩交朋友。suspect sb.of doing/having done sth.怀疑某人做/曾经做过某事。句中suspected of having stolen为过去分词短语作后置定语。
【答案】　A
②(2012·泰安高二检测)S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ometimes the police are not absolutely sure that someone has committed a crime，but him of having done it.
A．charge B．suspect
C．inspect D．doubt
【解析】　charge 与 wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h 搭配，构成charge sb.with sth.指控某人犯有某种罪行；suspect sb.of sth.认为某人有……的嫌疑；inspect视察，检查；doubt怀疑。
【答案】　B
10．blame vt.责备；谴责n.过失；责备
It seemed that the water was to blame.(教材P2)
看来水是罪魁祸首。
You can't expect Terry to take all the blame.
你不能指望特里承担全部责任。
Don't blame me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) if it doesn't work—it's not my fault.要是它不灵可别怪我——那不是我的过错。
①be to blame应负责任；该受责备
blame sb.for sth.因某事指责某人
blame sth.on sb./sth.
把某事怪到某人头上/某物上
②put/lay the blame (for sth.) on sb.
把某事归咎于某人
bear/take/accept/get the blame for sth.
对某事承担责任
Mum blamed herself for Li Ping's problem.
李平出了问题，妈妈把责任归咎于自己。
When it comes to the f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )inancial crisis，many people blame it on the USA.
当谈到金融危机，人们都将之归咎于美国。
She will put/lay the blame on us if it turns out badly.
如果这事结果不好，她会怪我们的。
【提示】　 be to blame(for sth.)“(应为……)受责备/负责”，主动形式表示被动意义。
【即时应用】　
介词填空
①I don't blame you doing that.
②Don't blame it him，but me.
单句改错
③It is he not you that is to be blame.
.
④The boss blamed the accident in me.
.
【答案】　①for　②on；on　③去掉be　④in 改为 on
11．link vt.& vi.把……连起来；连接n.联系；连接物
In another part of Lo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ndon，he found supporting evidence from two other deaths that were linked to the Broad Street outbreak.(教材P3)
在伦敦的另一个地区，他从两个与宽街暴发的霍乱有关的死亡病例中又发现了有力的证据。
There is a link between smoking and heart disease.
心脏病和吸烟有关。
We should link theory with practice.
我们应该把理论和实践联系起来。
link to 连接到……
link with和……连接起来
be linked to 和……连在一起
link up(使)连接，结合；汇合，集合
The two towns are linked to each other by a railway.
这两个城市由一条铁路连接起来。
Arrangements are being ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) made to link up the two firms so as to reduce the competition.
两家公司正筹备合并以减少竞争。
This old Silk R ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oad linked China with the West in ancient times.这条古老的丝绸之路在古时候把中国和西方连接了起来。
完成句子
①证据显示约翰与这起枪击案有关。
Evidence shows that John the shooting.
②科学家们想知道我们是如何把词语与物体联系起来的。
Scientists want to know how we words objects.
③航天飞机将于今天下午和太空站对接。
The space shuttle will with the space station this afternoon.
【答案】　①is linked to　②link；to　③link up
12．had it delivered让别人送(＝get sth.done)
A woman，who had moved ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.(教材P3)
有一位妇女是从宽街搬来的，她特别喜欢那里的水，每天都要派人从水泵打水运到家里来。
He has had his hair cut.他(请人给他)理发了。
He had his wallet stolen in the street.
他的钱包在街上被偷走了。
have sth.done请某人做某事
have sb.doing...使某人一直做……
have sth.to do有事情要做
have sb.do...让某人做……
have sth.to be done让某人去做
Our manager is going to have a new factory built.
我们经理计划建一座新厂房。
He had me waiting for a long time.他让我等了好久。
I have a lot of things to do.
我有许多事情要(自己去)做。
I have a lot of things to be done.
我有很多事要(叫别人去)做。
【对接高考】　
(2011·陕西高考)Cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aire had her luggage an hour before her plane left.
A．check B．checking
C．to check D．checked
【解析】　句意：Claire在飞机起飞前一小时检查了行李。have sth.done“让某人做某事”。
【答案】　D
　
选词填空
①I had my bike (repaired/repairing)．
②I had him (repaired/repair)my bike.
③I had him ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) (stood/standing)for long outside to punish him for being late again.
【答案】　①repaired　②repair　③standing
13．announce vt.宣布；发布；声称；播报
With this extra ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )idence，John Snow was able to announce with certainty that polluted water carried the virus.(教材P3)有了这个证据，约翰·斯诺就能够确定地宣布这种被污染了的水携带着病毒。
Mr.Wang，headteacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of Class 2，announced to the class that there would be no school tomorrow.
二班的班主任王老师向学生们宣布明天不上课。
The dark clouds announce rain.
那些乌云预示着有雨。
①announce sth.(to sb.)(向某人)宣布、通告某事
announce that...宣布……；通知……
It is announced that...据宣布……
②announcement n．通知；通告
make an announcement发布通知，声明
Guangdong police announced a reward for reporting crime clues.
广东警方宣布将给予提供犯罪线索者一笔赏金。
It is announced t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat there will be a celebration on National Day.据宣布，国庆节要举行庆祝会。
An announcement will be made soon on the bulletin board.通告将发布在布告栏上。
【提示】　announce后接双宾语时，常用announce sth.to sb.或announce to sb.sth.形式。
announce/declare
announce 指正式公布、宣布，侧重预告人们关心或感兴趣的事情，尤指新闻。
declare declare 指正式向公众宣布，侧重“当众发表”，多用于宣战、议和或宣判等。declare 后可跟复合宾语。
【即时应用】　
选词填空：announce，declare
①The government has plans to create 10,000 new jobs.
②In April the Americans war on Germany and entered the war.
【答案】　①announced　②declared
14．instruct v．命令，指示，教导
The water compani ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es were instructed not to expose people to polluted water any more.(教材P3)自来水公司也接到指令，不能再让人们接触被污染的水了。
①instruct sb.to do sth.命令某人干某事
instruct sb.in(doing)sth.指导某人(做)某事
instruct sb.that sb.(should)do sth.命令……(宾语从句中用虚拟语气)
instruct (sb.)wh to do教(某人)……做……
②instructive adj.指示性的，有教育意义的
③instruction n．(常用复数形式)用法说明，操作指南；指示，命令；讲授
I instruct him how to do the work.
我教他怎样干这项工作。
He instructed that a wall be built around the city.
他下命令在城的周围筑一道城墙。
The instructions for assembling the toy are very clear.
如何组装玩具的说明非常清楚明了。
　
用instruct的适当形式填空
①I tried to follow the ，but I got confused.
②The Hollywood 3D film Avatar is very .
完成句子
③指导孩子的交通安全是需要下大力气的。
Greater effort is needed road safety.
④我被命令在这儿等候，一直到那位老师来后再走。
I've been here until the teacher arrives.
【答案】　①instruct ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ions　②instructive　③to instruct children in　④instructed to wait
单项填空
⑤(2012·山东兖州高二上学期 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )期中)The local police were by their authorities to the situation as soon as possible.
A．instructed；handle
B．ordered；manage
C．said to；control
D．told；hold
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。句意：当 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地警察接到命令尽快来处理此场面。instruct和order均有命令之意，且两个单词后都可以接动词不定式作宾语补足语；handle表示“处理；应对”；manage表示“设法完成”。
【答案】　A
Period ⅢLearning about Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
重点词汇的理解与语法的掌握。
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，体会过去分词做定语和表语的用法和不同。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。→老师检查上节课所布置的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作业，检查学生对学案预习的情况。→让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第9－10页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案第10页)，并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。←老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。←让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　　↓
老师对语法部分给以点拨，让学生掌握 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本单元语法知识。→让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第11页)。→师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　布置作业。让学生完成课本第5页1、2、3题，预习学案PeriodⅣ Using Language (见学案第12－16页)。←让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第12页)。
(见学生用书第9页)
1．construction n．结构；建设；建筑物；解释；意义
Look at thes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e simple verbs and make another construction using make＋a＋noun.(教材P4)
看这些简单的动词，并用“make＋a＋名词”构成另一个结构。
The construct ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion of a large bridge takes about two years.一座大型桥梁的建设花费大约两年时间。
This construction will be used to store farm equipment.
这栋建筑物将用来贮存农场设备。
This sentence does not bear such a construction.
这句话并不含有那样的意思。
①construct vt.建筑；建造；创建；组成
be constructed of/out of/from sth.由……建成
②constructive adj.建设性的；有助于的；积极的
③constructor n．建筑者；制造者
④(be)under construction正在建设中；在施工
put a construction on对……进行解释
Most of the fact ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ories under construction have been designed by the Chinese designers.
这些建设中的大多数工厂都是由中国设计师设计的。
He made some constructive suggestions at the meeting.
他在会议上提出了一些建设性的建议。
What construction ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do you put on this letter(＝what do you think it means)？你对这封信如何理解？
　
完成句子
①It's dangerous to get close to the building (正在建设中)．
②Please (用这个结构)to make up a sentence.
③What you said at the meeting is (积极的)．
【答案】　①under construction　②use the construction
③constructive
【教师备课资源】　
build，establish，set up，found和construct
build一般用于建造房屋、桥梁、道路等，也可以用于抽象的事物与body，career，theory等连用。
establish强调基础之坚实，侧重稳与持久，用于抽象事物时侧重“形成，确立”。
set up表示“建立，设立，竖起”，一般指建立机构设施，如学校、商店、医院等。
found主要用于创立机构，组织或理论，着重指打下基础。
construct着重指根据某一设计进行构造。
2．contribute vt.& vi.捐献；贡献；捐助；导致；投稿；发表意见(教材P4)
Many warm hearted people contributed some money to the sick girl.
许多热心肠的人为那个生病的女孩捐献了一些钱。
Various factors contributed to his downfall.
各种因素导致了他的倒台。
She contributed a number of articles to the magazine.
她给这家杂志撰写了一些稿件。
①contribute...to...把……贡献给……
contribute to促进；有助于；发表意见
②contribution n．捐献；贡献；捐助
make a contribution to doing sth.对……做贡献
Fresh air and exercise contribute to good health.
新鲜空气和锻炼有益于健康。
He made an outstanding contribution to science.
他对科学做出了卓越的贡献。
contribute/devote
contribute 可用作及物动词或不及物动词，作及物动词时，不可接one's life或oneself作宾语。
devote 仅用作及物动词，常用于devote ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oneself/one's life(time/efforts/energy...)to(doing)sth.以及 be devoted to 结构，表示“献身于/致力于某一事业或目标”。
完成句子
①I'm sure your suggestion will .
(对……有贡献)to solving the problem.
②She (奉献)herself to her career.
【答案】　①contribute　②devoted
单项填空
③(2012·山东烟台月考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) teacher encouraged us all to to the discussion about how to protect the environment.
A．compare　　　　 B．contribute
C．attend D．manage
【解析】　句意：老师鼓励我们积极参与讨论。contribute to“促进，有助于，发表意见，参与”，符合句意。
【答案】　B
3．apart from除……之外；此外
Apart from the cons ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )truction mentioned above，you have also learned the following phrases.(教材P4)
除了以上提到的结构，你们还学过以下短语。
It is a good article apart from a few slight faults.
除了有几个小毛病外，这是一篇好文章。
I've finished apart from the last question.
除了最后一道题，我全做完了。
besides/except/apart from/except for
besides 除……还有，除去的部分包括在内，表示在整体中加上一部分。
except 除……没有，除去的部分不包括在内，表示在整体中减去一部分。
apart from 有多重含义，既可表示besides，也可表示except或except for，其前常加逗号或置于句首。
except for 除去个别，整体还可以(强调“美中不足”之意)。
【对接高考】　
(2011·福建高考) good service，the restaurant offers different kinds of traditional Fujian dishes.
A．Far from　　　　　　　　　B．Apart from
C．Instead of D．Regardless of
【解析】　句意：除了良好 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的服务，饭店还提供不同种类的传统闽菜。本题考查介词短语的辨析。apart from除了；far from完全不；instead of代替，而不是；regardless of不管，不顾。根据句意可知，正确答案为B项。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①除了我以外人们都瞧不起他。
Everybody me looks down upon him.
②若不是她的眼睛太大，她是很漂亮的。
She is pretty the fact that her eyes are too big.
③除了我以外，他还需要照料其他人。
He had other people to take care of me.
④除了脸部和双手以外，他的双腿也断了。
the injuries to his face and hands，he broke both his legs.
【答案】　①except　②except for　③besides/apart from　④Apart from/Besides
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，注意它们在语法形式和语意上的不同。
①But he became inspi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red when he thought about helping ordinary people exposed to cholera.
②So many thousan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ds of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.
③He became inter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ested in two theories that possibly explained how cholera killed people.
④From the st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omach the disease quickly attacked the body and soon the affected person died.
⑤He found that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it came from the river polluted by the dirty water from London.
⑥He immediately ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) told the astonished people in Broad Street to remove the handle from the pump so that it could not be used.
[自我总结]　
以上画线部分作定语的有 ；作表语的有 ．
【答案】　exposed，terr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ified，affected，polluted，astonished；inspired，interested
过去分词作定语和表语
1．过去分词的构成
规则动词的过去分词是在动词词尾加 ed， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不规则动词的过去分词有不规则的变化，如know→known，keep→kept，fall→fallen等，这些不规则变化需要单独记忆。
2．过去分词作定语的功能
(1)表“被动”或“完成”。
boiled water 开水
fallen leaves 落叶
the risen sun 升起的太阳
selected apples 精选的苹果
spoken English 英语口语
iced beer 冰镇啤酒
cooked food 熟食
fried chips 炸土豆条
(2)单个的过去分词作定语时，一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )般放在被修饰词语之前(如上例)，也可以放在所修饰词语的后面。但过去分词修饰something，anyone，everything，nobody等不定代词时，应放在其后。
Hurry up，there is only a little time left.
快点，剩下的时间不多了。
There is nobody injured in the accident.
这场事故中没有人受伤。
(3)过去分词短语作定语时，须将分词放在被修饰的词语之后，功能相当于一个定语从句。
Near the window，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re is a bookshelf filled with many books(＝which is filled with many books)．
靠近窗户，有一个装满书的书架。
Her daughter，brought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up by me(＝who was brought up by me)，has begun to work now.
她的女儿由我带大的，现在已经开始工作了。
3．过去分词作表语的功能
(1)当“人”作主语时用过去分词作表语表示主语的“状态或思想感情”等。
When we heard of it，we were deeply moved.
当听到这件事时，我们被深深地感动了。
He seemed quite delighted at the idea.
听到这个想法，他似乎很高兴。
(2)过去分词作表语不要与被动语态混为一体。过去分词作表语表示主语的“状态”，而被动语态则表示被动的“动作”。
My glasses are broken.
我的眼镜碎了。(状态)
My glasses were broken by my son.
我的眼镜被我儿子摔碎了。(动作)
I was greatly surprised by a knock at the door.
敲门声使我大为吃惊。(状态)
On the earth,7 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0% of the surface is covered with water.地球表面70%的面积被水覆盖着。(动作)
4．现在分词和过去分词作定语的区别
(1)语态上不同：现在分词表示主动意义，过去分词多表示被动意义。
surprising news使人吃惊的消息
surprised listeners吃惊的听众
(2)时间关系上不同：现在分词表示正在进行的动作，而过去分词表示已经完成的动作。
the developing country发展中国家
the developed country发达国家
5．现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别
现在分词作表语，表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。
The news was exciting and we were all excited.
消息令人兴奋，我们都很激动。
We were surprised at what he said at the meeting.
我们对他在会上所讲的很是惊讶。
分词作定语口诀
“定分”位置有二条，词前词后定分晓。
单个分词在词前，有时此规有颠倒。
分词短语在词后，“定从”和它互对照。
“现分”动作进行时，“过分”动作完成了。(注：“定分”：做定语的分词；“定从”：定语从句；“现分”：现在分词；“过分”：过去分词。)
(见学生用书第11页)
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2012·山东高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope .
A．providing　　　　　　　B．provided
C．having provided D．provide
【解析】　句意：“填完并签字后，把表格装 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在提供的信封里给我们带回来。”本题只要把握住envelope与provide之间存在被动关系，问题就迎刃而解了。选项中只有B项为过去分词表被动作后置定语，故为正确答案。
【答案】　B
2．(2012·浙江高考)“It's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )such a nice place，”Mother said as she sat at the table for customers.
A．to be reserved B．having reserved
C．reserving D．reserved
【解析】　句意：“‘这个地方真不错。’ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )当妈妈坐在为顾客预留出来的桌子旁时说。”根据句意及对句子结构的分析可以看出， for customers为定语，修饰the table。the table与定语中动词reserve之间为被动关系，故应使用过去分词短语作定语。A选项作定语，表示动作尚未发生，与该语境不符；B选项一般不用作定语；C选项作定语时与被修饰词构成主动关系，与本句情况不符。
【答案】　D
3．(2011·湖南高考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) players from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
A．selecting B．to select
C．selected D．having selected
【解析】　句意：人们期待着 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从全国范围内挑选出来的运动员们在今年的夏季运动会上给我们带来荣誉。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。select(挑选)与其逻辑主语the players之间为被动关系，故用过去分词，A、B、D三项是表示主动的非谓语动词形式，故排除。
【答案】　C
4．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )island， to the mainland by a bridge，is easy to go to.
A．joining B．to join
C．joined D．having joined
【解析】　句意：这个岛由一座 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )桥和大陆连着，很容易去的。本题考查非谓语动词作定语。island和join之间是被动关系，故需用过去分词。joined to the mainland by a bridge相当于一个定语从句which is joined to the mainland by a bridge。
【答案】　C
5．(2011·福建高考)Tsingh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ua University， in 1911，is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
A．found　　　　　　　B．founding
C．founded D．to be founded
【解析】　句意：清华大学，创办于1911年 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，是许多杰出人物的母校。首先排除found，因为found作“创办”讲时，为动词原形，A项时态与句子结构不相符；Tsinghua University与found(创办)为被动关系，故排除B项。C项表被动且完成；D项表将来，根据句意可知C项为正确答案。founded in 1911在句中相当于非限制性定语从句which was founded in 1911。
【答案】　C
6．(2012·郑州高二 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )检测)The trees in the storm have been moved off the road.
A．being blown down B．blown down
C．blowing down D．to blow down
【解析】　考查过去分词短语作后置定语。句意： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在暴风雨中被吹倒的树已经被搬离了公路。blow down与the trees之间是逻辑上的被动关系。
【答案】　B
7．(2012·临沂高二月考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )So far nobody has claimed the money in the library.
A．discovered B．to be discovered
C．discovering D．having discovered
【解析】　句意：到目前为止还没有人来认领 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在图书馆发现的钱。money与discover之间存在动宾关系，故用过去分词discovered作定语，修饰money。
【答案】　A
8．(2012·福建厦门月考)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he music of the film by him sounds so .
A．playing；exciting B．played；excited
C．playing；excited D．played；exciting
【解析】　played是过去分词作后置定语修饰the music of the film；sound是系动词，后跟exciting作表语。
【答案】　D
9．(2012·泰安高二检 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )测) being too large，the color and the style of the dress suit me well.
A．Apart from　　　　　B．As well as
C．Besides D．Instead of
【解析】　考查同义词或短语的辨析。句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意：除了太大，这件衣服的颜色和款式都适合我。 apart from除了；as well as也；besides除……外还；instead of代替。根据句意可知，正确答案为A项。
【答案】　A
10．Take care d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uring the holidays! Drinking too much can heart disease and cause high blood pressure.
A．contribute to B．deal with
C．attend to D．devote to
【解析】　contribute to促成， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )捐助；deal with处理；attend to照顾，处理；devote to致力于，根据句意可知A项正确。
【答案】　A
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The young gi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rl at last passed the exam and this time she gave a smile.(satisfy)
2．It was such a job that I really felt .(tire)
3．Don't drink water because it can cause disease.(pollute)
4．Look！The stud ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ent (seat)at the end of the classroom is (bury)in novels while the teacher is giving a lesson.
5．I was rather when I was told about the accident.(surprise)
6．Who wrote a boo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k how animals and plants developed as the environment changed？(explain)
7．The chairman announ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ced the news in an voice.(excite)
8．The clock should be repaired as soon as possible.(break)
【答案】　1.satisfied　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.tiring；tired　3.polluted　4.seated；buried　5.surprised；surprising　6.explaining　7.exciting；excited　8.broken
Period ⅣUsing Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
掌握本课文中的词汇，理解课文，熟练掌握 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )用英语对人物的外貌，性格和品质等进行描述的词汇和技巧。 了解哥白尼是如何发现太阳中心学说的，帮助学生理解文章的主旨大意，学会寻求解决问题的办法，同时提高阐明自己观点的能力。
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文内容。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和提出合理的建议。
(5)掌握写劝说信的格式和步骤及一些技巧。
本课时的写作部分内容是写一封劝说信。劝说信是高考作文中常见的一个文体，在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
●教学地位
本文讲述了哥白尼日心说的面世过程 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，让我们了解哥白尼的理论和当时的一些情况。我们都生活在错综复杂的社会现实中，我们往往会遇到一些不顺心的事情。 我们怎样处理这些情况呢？那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解并学好如何处理这种情况。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过介绍科学家王小谟的事迹导入新课。让学生了解科学家的生活和工作 。
大家可能都知道一些王小谟的业绩和故事，让同学们自由发言，讲述最令他们感动和最值得他们学习的地方。最后老师做出总结。
●教学流程设计
检查上节课所布置作业。→导入新课。→ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生快速阅读课文(见课本第7页)，并根据学案所设置的问题完成“判断正误”(见学案第12页)。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
学生共同讨论。师生统一答案 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。←让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“语篇理解”部分(见学案第12页)。←学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　　↓
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第13页)。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )→学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。→学生完成“情景交际”部分(见学案第15页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　↓
让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第16页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))。←学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第16页)。←老师指导学生共同找出答案。讲解本单元交际话题，并从高考命题角度来分析本交际话题。
　　　　　↓
让学生做“课时作业”(见学案第97页)。→老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第17页)和Workbook 第41页Using words and Expressions第1题、第42页第2 题和Using structures第1题。
(见学生用书第12页)
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P7课文，判断下列各题正误
1．Christian Church be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lieved the earth must be the centre of the solar system.(　　)
2．In 1510 Nicolaus Cop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ernicus showed his theory privately to his friends.(　　)
3．His friends were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )very angry and stopped him publishing his ideas.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　TFF
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P7课文，选择最佳答案
1．Copernicus felt confused and frightened，because .
A．his conclusion was against that of the Christian Church
B．his calculations were wrong
C．his findings were for the Christian Church
2．The theory ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that the earth was the centre of the universe couldn't explain that .
A．God had made the world
B．all the planets moved around the earth
C．some planets appeared brighter at times and less bright at others
3．From this passage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，we know that the theories of Newton，Albert Einstein and Stephen Hawking about the universe Copernicus'theory.
A．are based on
B．have little with
C．are the same as
4．Why does the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) writer say that it was right for Copernicus to be careful
A．Because th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e Christian Church would have attacked him if he had published his ideas.
B．Because science needs one's caution and carefulness.
C．Because Co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pernicus needed further proofs before he announced his theories.
【答案】　1－4　ACAA
(见学生用书第13页)
1．(be) strict with...对……严格的
She's very strict with her children.
她对子女要求很/非常严格。
The teachers are strict with their pupils.
老师对学生严格要求。
be strict with/be strict in
be strict with 后接人，表示“对某人严格要求，对某人严厉”。
be strict in 后接物，表示“对某事要求严格”。
Mr.Li is very strict w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith his students and he is also very strict in his teaching.李先生对学生要求很严格，同时他对自己的教学工作也很严格。
完成句子
①I think you (要求太严了)your children.
②We should (严格要求)our work.
【答案】　①are too strict with　②be strict in
单句改错
③His boss strict with him and his workmates.
.
④You should not mind if your aunt is strict in you.
.
【答案】　③strict 前加 is/was　④in 改为with
2．Only if you put t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.(教材P7)只有当你把太阳放在中心位置上，天空中其他行星的运动才能说得清楚。
(1)only if只有
位于句首时，后接从句，主谓部分倒装。
I'll tell you，but only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) if you promise not to tell anyone else.如果你保证不告诉任何人，我就告诉你。
Only if we sm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ile at others will we do everything smoothly.只要我们笑对别人，我们就会办事顺利。
Tell them only if they trust us would we like to trust them.
告诉他们，只有他们相信我们，我们才会相信他们。
if only/only if
if only 表示“但愿，要是……就好了”，句子要用虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。与现在、未来事实相反，用过去时；与过去事实相反，用过去完成时。
only if 表示“只有”，引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气。若其引导的从句置于句首，且与主句之间没用逗号隔开，则主句要用倒装。
(2)make sense有意义，讲得通
He doesn't talk much，but what he says makes sense.
他话不多，但言之有理。
It makes sense to save money while you can.
钱能节省就节省，这很明智。
make no sense没有道理
make sense of明白，理解(主语通常是表示“人”的名词)
in a sense从某种意义上说
there's no sense in doing sth.做……是没有道理/作用的
a sense of...一种……感
I can't make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sense of this poem，but perhaps I will if I read it again.我弄不懂这首诗的意义，但如果再读一遍我或许就能明白。
【提示】　make sense的主语常是“物”；而make sense of的主语常是“人”。
选词填空：if only，only if
①Xiao Ming said，“ I would pass the College Entrance Examinations！”，but his father said，“ you study hard can you go to the university.”
【答案】　If only；Only if
单项填空
②(2012·合肥高二检测)I don't think his reason for being late makes .
A．use　　　　　　B．sense
C．value D．cause
【解析】　句意：我认为他迟到的理由没有道理。make sense 在此处意为“有道理，讲得通”。
【答案】　B
单句改错
③She told me that she ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) didn't make any sense what the teacher said.
【答案】　在sense 后加 of
3．He placed a fixed s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )un at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth.(教材P7)
他把一个固定的太阳放在太阳系的中心，所有的行星围绕它运转，同时也只有月球绕着地球运转。
with the planets going round it 是with的复合结构在句子中作状语。
with复合结构由“with＋宾语＋宾语补 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )足语”组成，常在句中作状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等，也可作定语。其构成有下列几种情形：
with＋名词(或代词)＋
With prices going up so fast，we can't afford luxuries.
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起奢侈品。(原因状语)
I like to sleep with the windows open.
我喜欢开着窗户睡觉。(伴随状语)
With a lot of work to do，he wasn't allowed to go out.
因为有很多工作要做，他没有被允许外出。(原因状语)
将下列句子中的画线部分改写成 with 的复合结构
①After our homework was finished，we went to play football.
，we went to play football.
②The children came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) running towards us and held some flowers in their hands.
The children came running towards us .
③Because I have a lot of work to do，I won't be able to go on holiday.
，I won't be able to go on holiday.
【答案】　①With our homework finished
②with some flowers in their hands
③With a lot of work to do
4．His friends were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) enthusiastic and encouraged him to publish his ideas，but Copernicus was cautious.(教材P7)他的朋友们都很感兴趣并鼓励他发表他的理论，但是哥白尼很小心。
(1)enthusiastic adj. 热心的；热情的
All the staff are enthusiastic about the project.
所有员工都很热衷于这一项目。
The singer got an enthusiastic reception.
那个歌手受到了热情招待。
be enthusiastic about 对……迷恋；狂热
enthusiastically adv. 热情地
enthusiasm n. 热情；热心
Although she' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a beginner，she played with great enthusiasm.虽然她是个新手，但演奏时却充满了激情。
Mary seems very enthusiastic about pop music.
玛利热衷于流行音乐。
(2)cautious adj.十分小心的；谨慎的
Her husband is cautious，never making a swift decision about anything.
她丈夫十分谨慎，从不草率作出任何决定。
She is very cautious of hurting his feelings.
她小心翼翼免得伤害他的感情。
He was cautious about committing himself.
他对作出承诺很谨慎。
①be cautious of/about sth.小心……；提防……
②be cautious (not) to do小心(别)做……
③caution n. 小心；谨慎 vt. 告诫；警告
caution sb.of/about sth.警告某人当心某事
caution sb.against (doing) sth.警告某人不做某事
④cautiously adj.十分小心地；谨慎地
I cautioned him not to be late.
我警告他不要迟到。
Mother cautioned me about the icy road.
妈妈警告我当心结冰后的道路。
The students are ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )utious not to make any mistakes in spelling.学生们在拼写时非常小心，以避免出错。
选词填空：enthusiastic，enthusiasm
①She never lost her for teaching.
②You don't sound very about the idea.
【答案】　①enthusiasm　②enthusiastic
一句多译
③他开车一直很小心。
→ (cautiously)
→ (caution)
→ (cautious)
【答案】　He always drives ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) cautiously.；He always drives with caution.；He is always cautious to drive.
5．reject vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃；n.次品
The Christian Church ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rejected his theory，saying it was against God's idea and people who supported it would be attacked.(教材P7)
基督教教会拒绝接受他的理论，说这种理论违背了上帝的旨意，而支持这种理论的人会受到打击。
We rejected his idea for a music club.
我们没有接受他关于成立音乐俱乐部的想法。
Choose the good apples and reject the bad ones.
挑好的苹果，把坏的扔掉。
We have very strict ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quality control，so any reject will be abandoned.我们实行非常严格的质量管理，所以任何次品都会被丢弃。
reject/refuse
reject 表示拒不接受不适当、不满足或厌恶的东西，如建议、计划、赠物、求婚等，语气很强，有时还含有“抛弃；剔除”等意思，后面一般不接不定式。
refuse 普通用语，指坚决、果断甚至是粗暴地对别人的要求、请求、引诱或帮助加以拒绝，后接名词、代词或不定式。
　
选词填空：reject，refuse
①She his offer of marriage.
②We their offer of help.
③Mary to go back into the hospital.
【答案】　①rejected　②refused/rejected　③refused
单句改错
④They rejected to go to the city with us.
.
【答案】　rejected 改为 refused
有关科学的工作和人物描写
Questions：What kind of scientific job do you want to do
What education will you need
What personality will be needed
How long will the training take
What work experience would be useful
How will you prepare for this career
Why are you so interested in this job
How will I recognize you
What will you wear
What do you look like
What special features do you have
Answers：I always wanted to...because...
I will need some training in...
The experience I will need is...
I need to practise...
I think I'm good at...so...
I might find it difficult to...
My greatest problem will be to...
I will need to be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )/become patient，creative，hardworking，co operative，confident，brave，positive，pleasant，polite，determined，energetic，strict with，...
You can recognize me because...
I will wear a．..
I look like...
I'm tall/short/fat/thin/young/old...
1．—Do you enjoy your present job
— .I just do it for a living.
A．Of course B．Not really
C．Not likely D．Not a little
【解析】　句意：——你喜欢你目前的工作吗？——不太喜欢，我只是为了生存才干的。根据句意可知B项正确。A当然；C不可能；D非常。
【答案】　B
2．(2012·天津高考)—You ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve to believe in yourself.No one else will，if you don't.
— .Confidence is really important.
A．It's not my cup of tea
B．That's not the point
C．I don't think so
D．I couldn't agree more
【解析】　句意：——你必须 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相信自己。如果你都不相信自己，没有人会相信你的。——我非常同意。自信真的很重要。通过Confidence is really important.可知第二个说话人同意对方的观点。故D项I couldn't agree more“我非常同意”符合句意。A项“这不是我所喜欢的(人或东西)”；B项“那不是重点”；C项“我不这样认为”，均不符合句意。注意把握couldn't这样的否定式与比较级连用时表示最高级(肯定语意)概念的用法。
【答案】　D
3．(2012·河南豫东六校联 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )考)—I've decided to quit this job，but I'm afraid I won't be able to find a better one.
— .You never know until you try.
A．Forget it B．Go for it
C．Gook luck D．Never mind
【解析】　句意：——我已 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )经决定辞职了，但我恐怕找不到一份更好的工作。——去试一下。试过才知道。根据You never know until you try.可知此处表达鼓励之意，所以选B，“去试一下”。A，不必在意，算了吧；C祝你好运；D没关系。
【答案】　B
如何用英文写劝说信
说服性信函首先要符合信函的格式。其次，要具备 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说服性议论文的特点。一般来说，说服性议论文分四个基本段落：第一段引出话题；第二、三段提出正反两方面的观点，陈述各自理由；第四段总结利弊，表明作者态度。在具体写作中要注意下列几点：
1．话题的提出要开门见山，不要拖泥带水；
2．正反对比论据要正确，条理要清楚，语言应准确、精炼；
3．作者的观点必须鲜明，不能模棱两可；
4．议论文的主体时态多用一般现在时；
5．尽量避免同一单词、句型的重复使用，多采用同义词、相似结构以使表达多样化。
说服性信函的常用表达句式
①I am writing to express my views concerning...
②I don't think i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is a very good way to...For example，...Worst of all，...
③In my opinion，it is wrong to...
④As far as I am concerned，we should...
⑤The main disadvant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ages of...are as follows.First...；Second...；Third...；Finally...
⑥I would very much like to advise you to...
假设你是李萍，你的笔友王强最近沉 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )迷于电脑游戏而不能自拔，严重影响了学习和身心健康。请你给他写一封信劝说他戒掉这一不良习惯，并对他的学习生活给出自己的建议。
注意：1.词数120左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[思路分析]　
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
1．作者首先要陈述自己的担忧；
2．指出沉迷于电脑游戏的危害；
3．表达作者的希望并提出建议。
[词汇热身]　
1．迷上/沉迷于
2．首先
3．此外
4．暴力
5．脱离；放弃
6．开阔某人的眼界
7．对……有害
【答案】　1.be addicte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to　2.to begin with/first/first of all　3.in addition/what's more/besides　4.violence 5．break away from　6.expand/broaden/widen one's horizons　7.do harm to/be harmful to
[句式温习]　
1．虽然人们普遍认为电脑游戏有趣而且能激发想象力，但如果不加节制，他们会在许多方面对你造成危害。
Although computer games are interesting and can inspire our imagination，yet if you abuse them，they will in many ways.
2．更糟糕的是，一些游戏充满暴力，这对你的心理健康会造成危害。
，some games are full of violence， will be harmful to your mental health.
3．越早越好。
The .
4．为了有意义的生活，你可以多读些好书，多锻炼或参加一些社会活动来开阔你的眼界。
a meaningful life，you can read more good books，take more exercise to build you up or some social activities to broaden your horizons.
【答案】　1.it's generally believed that；be harmful to you
2．Worse still； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )which　3.earlier，the better　4.In order to live；participate in
[连句成篇]　
【参考范文】　
Dear Wang Qiang，
I felt worri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed when I heard that you are addicted to computer games.Although it's generally believed that computer games are interesting and can inspire our imagination，yet if you abuse them，they will be harmful to you in many ways.
To begin with，they wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll waste too much valuable time which should be spent on your study or other beneficial things.In addition，playing games for a long time will do harm to your health，especially to your eyes.Worse still，some games are full of violence，which will be harmful to your mental health.
Therefore，I strongly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hope that you can break away from them.The earlier，the better.In order to live a meaningful life，you can read more good books，take more exercise to build you up or participate in some social activities to broaden your horizons.
Looking forward to your good news.
Yours，
Li Ping
(见学生用书第17页)
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1． vt.打败；战胜；使受挫n.失败
2． vt.照顾；护理；出席
3． vt.治愈
4． n．挑战vt.向……挑战
5． vt.吸收；吸引；使专心
6． vt.怀疑n.被怀疑者
7． adj.严重的；剧烈的；严厉的
8． vt.预见；预知
9． vt.责备；谴责
10． n．柄；把手vt.处理；操纵
11． vt.拒绝；不接受；抛弃
【答案】　1.defeat　2.attend　3.cure　4.challenge
5．absorb　6.suspect　7.severe　8.foresee　9.blame
10．handle　11.reject
B．词汇拓展
12． adj.科学的→ n.科学→ n．科学家
13． v.结束；推断出→ n.结论
14． vt.污染；弄脏→ n.污染；污染物
15． vt.宣布；通告→ n.公告；布告；宣布
16． vt.命令；指示；教导→ n.命令；指示；教导
17． v.捐献；贡献→ n.捐献；贡献
【答案】　12.scientif ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ic；science；scientist　13.conclude；conclusion　14.pollute；pollution　15.announce；announcement 16．instruct；instruction　17.contribute；contribution
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1． 提出
2． 得出结论
3． 使显露；暴露
4．be to blame
5．link...to
6．apart from
7．be strict with
8．make sense
【答案】　1.put forward　2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )draw a conclusion　3.expose...to　4.该受责备；应负责　5.将……和……连接或联系起来　6.除……之外；此外　7.对……严格的
8．讲得通；有意义
B．用上面短语的适当形式完成下列句子
9．She a new plan at the meeting yesterday.
10．Not I but Mary for the accident.
11． her eyes，she is quite good looking.
12．We'd better discuss together before .
13．He didn't want to his fears anyone.
14．Scientists want to know how we works
objects.
【答案】　9.put forward　1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )0.was to blame　11.Apart from 12．drawing a conclusion　13.expose；to　14.link；to
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．Neither its cause nor its cure was understood.
【句式仿写】　他既不抽烟也不喝酒。
He .
2．So many thousands ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of terrified people died every time there was an outbreak.(P2)
【句式仿写】　每当我发表意见时，他总是反驳。
，he argues back.
3．A woman，who had mov ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed away from Broad Street，liked the water from the pump so much that she had it delivered to her house every day.
【句式仿写】　她有一个好方法使她的书面英语水平在短时间内得以提高。
She had a good way in a short period.
4．Only if you p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense.
【句式仿写】　你只有参加体育活动，才能保持身体健康。
be able to keep fit and stay healthy.
5．He placed a fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xed sun at the centre of the solar system with the planets going round it