【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语人教版选修六教师用书Unit 3　A healthy life

Unit 3　A healthy life
【美文阅读】
近几年来，肥胖逐渐趋于年轻化。越来越多的美国家长聘请私人教练帮助孩子塑身，激发他们的运动兴趣，建立自信。
American Kids Shaping Up with Trainers
Nearly a million Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican youngsters，some as young as 6，rely on personal trainers to shape up，lose weight or improve in sports，according to figures from the nation's leading sports club association.Many parents，worried about their children's weight and fitness，say that working with a trainer motivates their kids and helps them build confidence.So they are willing to spend the $40 to $ 60 an hour that trainers generally charge.
The Boston－based grou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p's latest figures，from 2005，show that 824，000 children between the ages of 6 and 17 use trainers－a figure that accounts for about 13% of trainers' clients.With many high school students not getting exercise at school，more parents are turning to trainers to help their children stay fit.More than one－third of American children are overweight and experts warn of future health problems ahead from diabetes to heart disease.
Kathleen Ballew said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that her 7－year－old son，Jordan Sims，who would begin second grade in the fall，could benefit from some one－on－one time with a fitness professional.She had noticed that he needed help with balance and coordination in soccer and karate.She also observed that he did not want to do things that kids normally did，like climbing on park equipment.After Jordan had begun working out at Baylor Tom Landry Fitness Center in Dallas with a trainer about a year before，he moved more naturally and confidently.His trainer，Lauren Jacobson，works with about half a dozen kids under 18.She said she noticed that training helped build confidence and a sense of accomplishment，along with helping kids get in better shape.
【诱思导学】
1．What do peo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ple think of the youngsters' training to help them shape up
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2．Why do so many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )American youngsters need trainers to help them to keep fit
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.It is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) generally believed that training help build confidence and a sense of accomplishment.　2.Because they can't get enough exercise at school.
Period ⅠPreviewing
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，让下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元的中心话题是“健康生活”。听说读 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )写等活动主要围绕如何摒弃恶习及怎样成为健康人展开，其中涉及许多社会热点问题，如：吸烟、吸毒、艾滋病、学习与工作压力等影响健康的棘手问题。本单元引导学生讨论这些话题，目的在于让他们远离有损身体健康的活动，并养成良好的生活习惯。
●新课导入建议
可以通过讨论教材第17页的图画引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生得出哪些行为才是真正健康的生活习惯。让学生懂得：一个真正健康的人不仅要体格健壮，而且要心智健全。然后让学生列举出自己生活中的优良习惯和不良习惯，并说出改进的对策和方法。
●教学流程设计
???
??
?
?学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第 18页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第36页)。?
?
??
　　　?
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第18－19页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )并完成课本第19页1、2、3 题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第37－44页), 写一篇关于如何养成健康生活习惯的文章。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P18的Reading部分，完成下列表格
ADVICE FROM GRANDAD
Information from the reading passage
Different ways people can become addicted to cigarettes
1. ________ addicted to nicotine
addicted through 2.________
3.________addicted
Harmful physical effects for smokers
do terrible 4.________ to heart and lungs
have difficulty in becoming 5.________
6.________quickly
Effects that a person's smoking can have on other people
other people dislike the 7.________
8.________ the health of the non－smokers
Effects that smoking can have on sporting performance be unable to enjoy 9.________
Conclusion it's time to 10.________ smoking
【答案】　1.physically　2.habit　3.mentally　4.damage
5．pregnant　6.breathless　7.smell　8.affect　9.sport　10.quit
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P18的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．According to the letter，James' grandad ________．
A．didn't give up smoking
B．used to be a member of the school football team
C．is lonely all day
2．What forced James' grandad to give up smoking at last
A．That he ran too slowly.
B．That he was taken off the school football team.
C．His girlfriend.
3．How many ways can a man become addicted to smoking
A．One.　　　B．Two.　　　C．Three.
4．What's the main idea of this passage
A．How to quit smoking.
B．How to learn English.
C．How to write a letter.
5．In what way did ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the old man try to persuade his grandson to give up smoking
A．Using scientific theory.
B．His own experience.
C．His sports activity.
【答案】　1－5　B B C A B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
James' grandfather ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writes him a letter to advise him to 1.________smoking.James' grandfather says that his long and active life must be 2.________ to the healthy life he lives.He also tells James how 3.________ it is to stop smoking.During 4.________ he also smoked and became 5.________ to cigarettes.There are three different ways you can become addicted to cigarettes.You can become physically addicted to nicotine.After a while your body becomes 6.________ to having nicotine in it.When the drug leaves your body，you get 7.________ symptoms.You can also begin to do it 8.________．Lastly，you can become 9.________ addicted.He also offers some advice to help James to stop and 10.________ his resolve.
【答案】　1.quit/sto ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )p　2.due　3.tough/hard　4.adolescence　5.addicted　6.accustomed　7.withdrawal　8.automatically　9.mentally　10.strengthen
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．abuse　　　A．when a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sum of money must be paid immediately or expected or arranged
2．ban B．a change that sb./sth.causes in sb./sth.else；a result
3．due C．to make bad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or wrong use of or unfair，cruel or violent treatment of sb.
4．addicted D．in the habit of or be adapted to
5．accustomed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )E．unable to stop taking harmful drugs，or using or doing sth.as a habit
6．effect F．to forbid
7．quit G．feeling embarrassed and guilty because of sth.you have done
8．ashamed H．to lea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve a job，school etc.，especially without finishing it completely
【答案】　1－8　C F A E D B H G
Ⅱ.短语填空
due to，be addicted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to，become accustomed to，decide on，have a bad effect on，feel like，over and over again, instead of
1．His failure was largely ________ inexperience.
2．Has Mary ________ a date for the wedding
3．I ____________ the film CJ7.
4．I don't ________ doing my homework now.
5．She has ________ living in the mountain village.
6．There is a growing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) tendency for people to work at home ________ in office.
【答案】　1.due to　2.decide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d on　3.was addicted to　4.feel like　5.become accustomed to　6.instead of
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．It_seems_amazing ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
在我这个年纪，我仍然很健康，可以在一个下午骑车走20千米路，这似乎令人惊奇。
2．As_you_know，if yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。
3．But I_did finally manage.但是最后我的确是成功了。
4．Neither_did_I know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that my cigarette smoke could affect the health of non－smokers.我也不知道我吸烟竟然会影响到那些不吸烟者的健康。
5．When I was take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it_was_time_to_quit smoking.
当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。
6．Every_time you f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non－smoker.每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不抽烟的人了。
　
较好 一般 较差
对教材整体结构理解程度
对文章大意的理解程度
单词短语的掌握程度
句型的掌握程度
　自己的不足：________________________________________________________________________　　________________________________________________________________________　　________________________________________________________________________　
Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语劝告信类的文章，并培养学生养成自觉用英语写作的好习惯，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
●新课导入建议
We all know that not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )everyone lives a healthy life because of various reasons now, causing some diseases or some social problems. Now I want to ask ××× to describe what is a healthy life like and tell us how to live a healthy life.
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第37－44页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。?
?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
?
?布置作业。让学生完成课本第20页第1、2、3题，“课时作业”和预习“Period Ⅲ”(见学案第45－49页)。
1．abuse n．滥用；辱骂；虐待；弊病 vt.滥用；辱骂；虐待
Drug abuse(教材P17)滥用药物
Child abuse is widespread in this country.
这个国家虐待孩子的情况很普遍。
He abused his power while in office.
他在职时滥用权力。
You are always abusing and offending people.
你总是出言不逊得罪人。
alcohol abuse 酗酒
child abuse 虐待儿童
abuse one's power/privilege/position滥用权力/特权/职权
abuse one's trust/confidence背信弃义
Don't abuse the horse any more.
千万不要在虐待这匹马了。
He abused his wife's trust.
他背弃了妻子的信任。
【教师备课资源】
－ab是前缀，意为“离去，相反，不”如：
absorb吸收　abnormal反常的，变态的
完成句子
①滥用能源会给我们的子孙后代带来可怕的未来。
____________ will bring our offspring a terrible future.
②根据新的法律，家长也不允许在家中虐待儿童。
According to the new l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aw，parents are also not allowed ________ in the family.
【答案】　①Abusing energy/Energy abuse　②to abuse children
2．stress(教材P17) n．压力；重音vt.加压力于；使紧张；强调
I think her headaches are caused by stress.
我认为她的头疼是由压力引起的。
The English teacher st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ressed the importance of reading aloud.英语老师强调了大声朗读的重要性。
lay/place/put stress on强调；着重于
under the stress of为……所迫
be under stress处于压力之下
stress sth.强调……
stress the importance of...强调……的重要性
stressed adj.感到压力的
stressful adj.产生压力的
Unemployment and his wife's health put him under great stress.
失业及妻子的健康问题使他处于巨大的压力中。
This term，Engl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish teacher lays great stress on composition and reading.
这学期，英语老师非常重视作文和阅读。
用stress的适当形式填空
①It was a very ________ time for all of us.
②They put particular ________ on the need for discipline.
③He was feeling very ________ and tired.
完成句子
④The head teacher ________(强调……的重要性)learning English well.
⑤The poor girl stole some bread ________(为……所迫)hunger.
【答案】　①stressful　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )②stress　③stressed　④stressed the importance of　⑤under the stress of
3．ban vt.禁止；取缔n.禁令；谴责
Do you think smoking should be banned？(教材P17)
你认为应该禁止吸烟吗？
The students here are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) banned from bringing cell phones back to school.这儿的学生不允许带手机回校。
There is a ban on o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ffering plastic bags for free in supermarket.禁止超市无偿提供塑料袋。
ban(doing)sth.禁止(做)某事
ban sb.from doing sth.禁止某人做某事
a ban on/against sth.对……的禁令
place/put...under a ban禁止……
lift the ban on/against sth.解除对……的禁令
The new rule has put smoking under a ban.
新规定禁止吸烟。
The police lifted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the ban on/against parking in this street.警察取消了不准在这条街上停车的禁令。
He started a campaign to ban smoking in public places.
他发起了一场禁止在公共场合吸烟的运动。
ban/forbid/prohibit
单词 辨析 典型例句
ban 语气较重，指权威机关“正式禁止”，含严厉谴责之意，只能用事物作宾语。 Ban atomic and nuclear weapons!禁止原子武器和核武器！
forbid 常用词，指“禁止某人做某事”。 Their father forbade them to go.他们的父亲不许他们去。
prohibit 指“通过法律或政府法令禁止”。 Smoking is prohibited in the office building.办公楼内禁止吸烟。
介、副词填空
①There is a ban ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ talking loudly since the new manager came here.
②He was banned ________ entering the room unless permitted.
完成句子
③在英国许多公共场所禁止吸烟。
People __________________in many public places in England.
④禁止摩托车在我们这个城市引起很大的争论。
__________________motorcycle caused great dispute in our city.
【答案】　①on/against　②from　③are banned from smoking　④A ban on
4．It_seems_amazing_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.(教材P18)在我这个年纪，我仍然很健康，可以在一个下午骑车走20千米路，这似乎令人惊奇。
It seems/be＋adj.＋that从句，it作形式主语，that从句是真正的主语。
It is surprising that she said it like that.
她那么说真令人惊讶。
It is necessary that you(should)be present at the meetin.你有必要参加会议。
It be＋形容词＋that从句，真正的主语是that从句。
常见的用it作形式主语的复合句结构还有：
It is/was a fact(shame/pity/no wonder...)that...
It is/was said(reported/decided/suggested...)that...
It seems(happen not matter/turn out...)that...
It is a pity that he didn't attend the party.
他没来参加聚会真遗憾。
It's said that 50 people died in the accident.
据说这次事故中50人丧生。
It happened that I met him in the street.
我碰巧在街上见到他了。
完成句子
①________(似乎)there is no way out of our difficulty.
②________(真遗憾)you missed the exciting concert.
③________(据报道)16 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )students were rewarded for their bravery behaviour at the meeting.
【答案】　①It seems that　②It's a pity that　③It is reported that
5．due to由于……；因为……(一般不置于句首)
I think my long an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d active life must be due to the healthy life I live.(教材P18)我想我之所以长寿而且精力旺盛，要归功于我的健康生活。
Our happy childhood is due to our father's hard work.
我们幸福的童年应归功于父亲的辛勤工作。
It was a mistake due to carelessness.
那是由于粗心而犯的错误。
due adj.欠款的；预定的；到期的
be due to do sth.预定做某事
be due for sth.应该得到某物
be due to sb.应给某人的；该付给某人的
Their plane is due to arrive in 15 minutes.
他们的飞机预定在15分钟后到达。
I'm due for a pay rise soon.
不久就该给我加工资了。
Have they been paid the money(that is)due to them
他们应得到的钱付给他们了吗？
【教师备课资源】
表示“因为；由于”的其他短语还有：
because of，thanks t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o，owing to，on account of，as a result of，as a consequence of
完成句子
①由于风雨交加，她没来。
Her absence____________________．
②罗丝一月份就要开始上学了。
Rose is______________________．
③由于天气不好，比赛取消了。
______________________，the match was canceled.
【答案】　①was du ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to the storm　②due to start school in January　③Due to the bad weather/Because of the bad weather/As a result of the bad weather/Owing to the bad weather
6．addicted adj.入了迷的；上了瘾的
You see，during ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olescence I also smoked and became addicted to cigarettes.(教材P18)你知道，当我还是一个十几岁的孩子的时候，我也吸过烟，而且还上了瘾。
Five million ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Americans are thought to be addicted to nicotine.据说有五百万美国人有烟瘾。
addict vt.使沉溺；使……上瘾
addict oneself to沉溺于；醉心于
be addicted to对……有瘾
be addicted to doing sth.专心于……
addict n．上了瘾的人
addiction n．沉溺；瘾
addictive adj.使人上瘾的；沉迷的
He addicted himse ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lf to playing the violin and didn't find a thief walk into his house.
他醉心于拉小提琴，甚至没有注意到小偷进屋。
My brother is a junk food addict.
我弟弟就爱吃垃圾食品。
It is believed that smoking is addictive.
人们认为吸烟会让人上瘾。
完成句子
①不要再让自己沉溺于这样愚蠢的事情。
Don't ________ such foolish things any longer.
②这些都是沉溺于电脑游戏的孩子。
These are kids ________ computer games.
③他去年以来一直沉迷于玩网络游戏。
He________________on the Internet since last year.
④吸烟容易上瘾。
Smoking is________________．
⑤我侄子绝对是个网络游戏迷。
My nephew______________．
【答案】　①addict you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rself to　②addicted to　③has been addicted to playing games　④highly addictive　⑤is a complete computer game addict
7．accustomed to惯常的；习惯了的
This means that a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fter a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it.(教材P18)这就是说，过了一段时间以后，你的身体习惯了香烟里的尼古丁。
I am accustomed to walking long distances.
我习惯于长距离步行。
You will soon get accustomed to the job.
你将会习惯于这个工作。
accustom vt.使习惯于
accustom oneself to习惯于(to是介词)
accustomed adj.惯常的；习惯了的
be/get/become accustomed to＝be used to doing习惯于(to是介词)
He quickly ac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )customed himself to this new way of studying.他很快就习惯了这种新的学习方式。
She took her accustomed seat by the window.
她坐在了她通常坐的靠窗户的位子。
【提示】　be accustomed to中的to为介词。其他常见含介词to的动词词组，还有：
①stick to坚持　②lead to通向；导致
③object to反对　④pay attention to注意
⑤come to谈到；涉及　⑥devote...to...致力于……
⑦see to处理；负责；照顾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　⑧get down to开始/着手(做)　⑨contribute to促进；有助于　⑩look forward to期望；盼望
完成句子
①You must ____________(使自己适应)the new environment.
②She found it necessary ____________(使孩子习惯于早起)．
句型转换
③He has the habit of staying up late and getting up late.
→He ________ ________ ________staying up late and getting up late.
④I am not accustomed to being spoken to like that.
→I am not ________ ________ being spoken to like that.
【答案】　①accustom yoursel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f to　②to accustom the child to getting up early　③is；accustomed；to
④used；to
单项填空
⑤—They are quiet，aren't they
—Yes.They are accustomed________at meals.
A．to talk　 B．．to not talk
C．to talking D．to not talking
【解析】　句意：——他们挺安静的，不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是吗？——是的，他们习惯吃饭时不说话。be accustomed to表示“习惯于……”，其中to是介词，接动词时须用v.?ing形式；结合句意可知D项切题。
【答案】　D
8．As_you_kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )w，if you do the same thing over and over again，you begin to do it automatically.(教材P18)正如你所知道的，如果你反复做同一件事，你就会不自觉地做它。
该句是一个复合句，as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you know是关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，as代指整个主句的内容，作know的宾语。主句中还含有一个条件状语从句，即：if you do the same thing over and over again。
As you know，buyers always want prompt delivery.
正如你所知道的，买主总是希望准时交货。
As you know，Nanjin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g is well known for its historic sites and beautiful scenery.
您知道，南京的历史古迹和美丽风景是很有名的。
①as引导非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句的内容，置于主句的前、中、后均可，意为“正如……”。
②as引导非限制性定语从句作主语时通常可用it作形式主语或用what引导的主语从句来转换。
As is known to all，Taiwan is part of China.
众所周知，台湾是中国的一部分。
This man，as you know，is good for nothing.
这个人，正如你所知道的，一事无成。
Einstein，as is well－known，is a famous scientist.
＝It is well－known that Einstein is a famous scientist.
＝What is well－known ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is that Einstein is a famous scientist.众所周知，爱因斯坦是位著名的科学家。
as/which
as与which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整个句子的内容，有时可以互换。
He married her，as(which)was natural.
很自然地，他和她结婚了。
但在下列情况下通常用as。
①as可以放在句首，which则不能。
As we know，more than ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) seventy percent of the earth is covered with water.
正如我们所知，地球表面的70%以上由水覆盖。
②as表示“正如；正像”，而which ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )无此意。此时，as从句中常有know，expect，happen，point out，plan，suggest等单词或短语。
He came back home late，as we expected.
正如我们所料，他回来晚了。
As is pointed out，this is a grammar problem.
正如所指出的，这是个语法问题。
【教师备课资源】
as常用于以下结构中：
①as is well－known＝as i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s known to all＝as we all know；as we had expected；as might have been expected；as has been said above；as is mentioned above；as is reported in the newspaper；as is often the case；as anybody can see
②as(it)often ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ppens；as(it)was said earlier；as(it)was pointed out；as(it)seems likely；as(it)appears；as I remember(it)；as I understand(it)
【对接高考】
①(2013·山东高考)There ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is no simple answer，________is often the case in science.
A．as B．that
C．when D．where
【解析】　考查定语从句。此处as引导定语从句指代整个主句内容，含有“正如”之意，定语从句部分译为“在科学上这是常有的事”。
【答案】　A
②(2012·福建高考)Th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e air quality in the city，________ is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
A．that B．it
C．as D．what
【解析】　题干的意思是“正如报告中所显示的， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )这个城市的空气质量在过去的两个月已经得到了改善”。分析句子结构可知，两个逗号之间的部分为非限制性定语从句，that不能用于引导非限制性定语从句，it和what不能作定语从句的引导词。
【答案】　C
选词填空：as，which
①________we know，smoking is harmful to our health.
②He sold his bicycle，________ surprised me.
句型转换
③It is known to us al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l that China has the largest population in the world.
→________________，China has the largest population in the world.
→____________ is that China has the largest population in the world.
【答案】　①As　②which　③As is known to us all；What is known to us all
9．quit vt.停止(做某事)；离开(quit，quit或quitted，quitted)
I was addicted in all ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.(教材P18)
我上瘾是这三个方面的原因，因此戒烟很难。
Doctors have gi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ven him six months to live if he doesn't quit drinking.
如果他不戒酒，医生认为他只能活六个月。
He has to quit school ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )because he can not afford the tuition.他负担不起学费，因此不得不辍学了。
quit doing sth.放弃干某事；停止干某事
quit office离职
quit school退学
be quit of sb./sth.摆脱某人/某事
We decided it was time to quit the city.
当时我们决定，该离开城市生活了。
If I don't get more money I'll quit.
不给我加薪我就辞职。
He quitted Paris after a week.
他一周后离开了巴黎。
With the self ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )?help materials and medicines available today，smokers have more tools than ever to help them quit________for good.
A．of smoking B．smoking
C．to smoke D．smoke
【解析】　quit doing sth.放弃干某事，停止干某事。
【答案】　B
10．But I did finally manage.(教材P18)
但是最后我确实成功了。
该句中did是助动词，用来强调谓语动词manage。由于是指过去的情况，所以用一般过去时态。
He did come here yesterday.他昨天确实来过这里。
He often does take a bus to school.
他的确经常乘公交来上学。
She did write to say thank you.
她确实写了信道歉。
(1)在一般句型中，do(does，did)常用来强调谓语动词的语气，在句中要重读，且需符合下列两个条件：
①句子是肯定句；
②句子中的谓语动词是一般现在时或一般过去时。此时的do(does，did)可译为“真的；果真；的确；确实”等。
(2)在祈使句中，do表强 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )烈的请求，而不是命令，有时它可以使邀请对方的心意更加客气、热情、友好，而且亲切，此时的do可译为“务必；一定”等。
Tom does study har ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d now since he failed the exam last time.自从上次没通过考试汤姆现在的确学习很努力。
He did write to you when getting back home.
回家后他的确给你写信了。
Do tell me all about it.I'll keep it a dead secret.
务必告诉我，我一定严守秘密。
【对接高考】
(2010·四川高考)If you ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve a job，________ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A．do devote B．don't devote
C．devoting D．not devoting
【解析】　考查特殊句型。本句为“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”句型；do是对谓语动词devote的强调。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①务必要按时来这儿。
____________ on time!
②她确实喜欢住在这儿。
She ____________ living here.
③我昨天确实给你打过电话了，但是你不在家。
I ____________ yesterday，but you were out.
【答案】　①Do come here　②does like　③did phone you
11．effect n．效果；效力；作用；影响
When I was young， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I didn't know much about the harmful effects of smoking.(教材P18)
在我年轻的时候，关于吸烟的危害我知道的并不多。
His new way of teaching produced a good effect.
他的新教学方法产生了良好的效果。
I can certainly feel the effects of too many late nights.
我当然能够感觉到熬夜太多产生的影响。
have an effect on＝have an influence on＝have an impact on对……有影响
put/bring/carry...into effect付诸实施
in effect事实上；实际上
take effect生效；奏效
come into effect开始实施；开始生效
This had a great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )effect upon the future of both mother and son.这件事对母子俩的将来影响很大。
That measure will be carried into effect very soon.
那项措施将在最近付诸实施。
The new regulations will come into effect soon.
这些新规定即将实施。
完成句子
①实际上，这两种系统完全一样。
________________，the two systems are identical.
②生活方式的任何改变都将影响你的健康。
Any change in lifestyle ________________ your health.
③医生开的药没有效果。
The prescribed medicine failed to ________________．
【答案】　①In effect　②will have an effect on
③take effect
12．strengthen v．变强；加强；巩固
It might help ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you to stop and strengthen your resolve.(教材P18)也许对你戒烟和坚定决心会有所帮助。
It's my duty to strengthen the fence.
加固围栏是我的职责。
The wind strengthened during the night.
夜里风力增强了。
strength n．力气；体力；勇气
have the strength to do sth.有勇气做某事
go from strength to strength日益壮大
on the strength of sth.基于……
with all one's strength用尽全身的力气
the strength of...……的力量；……的实力
in strength大批地；大量的
I had no strength to answer your questions.
我没有勇气回答你的问题。
He hasn't got enough strength to lift the box.
他没有足够的力气搬起那个箱子。
【教师备课资源】
strengthen是由名词strength加后缀－en转化而来，常见的由名词或形容词加后缀－en转化而来的动词还有：
brighten(使)发亮　fatten(使)发胖
harden(使)变硬　sharpen(使)尖锐
sweeten(使)变甜　darken(使)变暗
soften(使)变软　widen(使)变宽
【对接高考】
(2012·福建高考)—Why ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do you choose to work in an international travel agency
—Well，you know，English is my ________．So it is my best choice.
A．strength B．talent
C．ability D．skill
【解析】　A项为“长处”；B项为“天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )赋”；C项为“能力”；D项为“技能”。句意：——你为什么选择在一家国际旅行社工作？——噢，你知道的，英语是我的强项，所以那是我最好的选择。根据句意可知A项意思最符合。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①我没有力气再往上爬了。
I don't__________________to climb any further.
②自从有了个人电脑，软件业就在不断壮大。
Since the advent o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the personal computer，the software industry__________________．
③经过这几年的发展，该国的国力变强了。
Through these years of development，________________．
④每个人都有优缺点。
Everyone has his ____________．
【答案】　①have the st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rength　②has gone from strength to strength　③this country's power strengthened　④strengths and weaknesses
13．When I was take ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n off the school football team because I was unfit，I knew it_was_time_to quit smoking.(教材P18)
当因为我不再适合而被学校足球队开除以后，我意识到自己是时候戒烟了。
It is(high/about)time for sb.to do sth.
＝It is(high/about)time that sb.did/should do sth.
该某人做某事的时候了。
It is high time for us to say goodbye.
＝It is high time that we said/should say goodbye.
到我们分别的时候了。
①It's (high/about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )) time＋(that)．..谓语动词为一般过去时或should＋动词原形，表示是该做某事的时候了(属于虚拟语气的句型)；
②It's＋时间段＋since从句后跟一般过去时，表示(到目前为止)做某事有多长时间了；
③It was＋时间段＋since从句后跟过去完成时，表示(到过去某时间为止)做某事多长时间了；
④It is the first/second/...time＋that从句后跟现在完成时，表示某人第一/二次/……做某事；
⑤It was the first/second/...time＋that从句后跟过去完成时，表示某人第一/二次/……做某事；
⑥It was (not)＋时间段＋before从句后跟一般过去时，表示(没)过多久就……；
⑦It will (not) be＋时间段＋before从句后跟一般现在时，表示(没)过多久就……。
It is 3 years since he came here.他来这里已经三年了。
It was the second time that I had been to New York.
这是我第二次去纽约。
【教师备课资源】
在It is(has b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )een)/was＋一段时间的短语＋since句型中，since后从句如用短暂性动词，表示动作已开始了多长时间了；since后从句如用延续性动词，则表示动作已结束了多长时间了。
例如：
It is(has been)5 years since his father died.
他父亲死了五年了。
It is(has been)5 years since his father worked here.
他父亲不在这里工作已五年了。
用连词或所给词的适当形式填空
①It is 3 years ________he left.
②It is the first time that he________(visit) it.
③It was the first time that he________(visit) it.
④It was three years________they got married.
⑤It is time that you________(go) to bed.
【答案】　①since　②has visited　③had visited　④before　⑤went
14．Every_time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you feel like smoking a cigarette，remind yourself that you are a non?smoker.(教材P19)每当你想要吸烟的时候，你就提醒你自己，你(已经)是不抽烟的人了。
这是一个主从复合句，every time在句中引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”。
Every time I express an opinion，she argues back.
每当我发表意见时，她总是反驳。
I feel sick every time I see such food.
每次看到这种食物，我都会感到恶心。
由time构成的用作从属连词的短语还有：
each time 每次……
any time每次……；任何……的时候
(the)next time下次……的时候
the first time第一次……的时候
the last time上次/最后一次……的时候
by the time到……时为止
Each time she moved her leg，she let out a moan.
每次她动一下腿，就发出一声呻吟。
You are welcome to come back，any time you want to.
你想回来随时可以回来。
完成句子
①我每次感冒，背就疼。
____________，I have a pain in my back.
②我上次见到她时，她身体挺好的。
She was quite well ____________．
【答案】　①Every/Each time I catch a cold　②the last time I saw her
15．desperate adj.绝望的；拼命的
If you feel desp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erate，you might like to talk to a doctor or chemist about something to help you...(教材P19)
如果你感到的确没法办，你还可以找一个医生或药剂师来谈一谈，寻求他们的帮助……
He was desperate when he lost all his money.
当他丢了所有钱时，他绝望了。
A desperate man w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill stop at nothing to get what he wants.一个亡命之徒为了达到自己的目的什么事都做得出来。
①be desperate for极想要某物
be desperate to do sth.渴望做某事
in desperate need of迫切需要
②desperation n．拼命；不顾死活；绝望
in desperation在绝望中
③desperately adv.绝望地；拼命的；非常地
He was desperate f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or work to provide for a large family.他渴望有个工作，挣钱供养子女众多的家。
He was in despera ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion when he found all his belongings lost.当发现所有财产丢失时他陷入了绝望中。
完成句子
①他急于找到一份工作。
He is__________________．
②在沙漠中，迷路的人极度渴望水。
The man lost in the desert________________．
③在绝望中他们为得到自由而奋斗。
They fought________________to get free.
【答案】　①desperate to get a job　②was desperate for water　③in desperation
16．disappointed adj.失望的；沮丧的
Do not be disappoin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted if you have to try several times before you finally stop smoking.(教材P19)即使非得经过多次戒烟才能最后把它戒掉，你也不要失望。
The disappointed children went home.
失望的孩子们回家了。
She was disappointed not to be chosen.
她没有被选中而感到沮丧。
be/feel disappointed at对……感到失望
be disappointed to do sth.对做某事感到失望
to one's disappointment 令人失望的是
I feel disappointed at the news.
听到这个消息，我感到失望。
She was disappoi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nted to know that she had failed the course.得知那门课没有考及格，她很沮丧。
To our great ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) disappointment，it rained on the day of the picnic.使我们大失所望的是野餐那天下起雨来了。
word family
The disappointing ne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ws that he failed the exam made us very disappointed.他没有通过考试，这令人扫兴的消息让我们感到非常失望。
用disappoint的适当形式填空
①All the people were ________ at the ________ result.
②I hate to ________ you，but I'm just not interested.
③To our great ________，they refused our request.
完成句子
④看到博物馆已经关门，我们感到很失望。
We ______________ the museum closed.
⑤使我们大失所望的是音乐会被取消了。
____________，the concert was cancelled.
【答案】　①disappointed；disappointing　②disappoint
③disappointment　④were disappointed to find
⑤To our great disappointment
17．ashamed adj.感到惭愧或羞耻的
If you weaken and have a cigarette，do not feel ashamed.(教材P19)
如果你因意志衰弱而又抽烟了，也不要觉得难为情。
I behaved badly yesterday and I am ashamed now.
我昨天表现不好，我现在感到很惭愧。
①be ashamed of(doing)sth.因(做了)某事而感到羞愧
be ashamed to do sth.耻于做……；因难为情而不愿做……
be ashamed that...对……感到内疚
②shame n．羞耻；惭愧；遗憾的事
to one's shame令某人羞愧的是
She was ashamed of having failed in the examination.
她因考试不及格而感到惭愧。
She was ashamed to tell anyone that she had fallen in love with him.
她羞于告诉任何人自己爱上了他。
The next day I f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )elt ashamed that I hadn't stopped her from going away alone.
第二天，我感到很惭愧，因为我没有阻止她独自前往。
ashamed/shameful
ashamed 通常作表语。表示“(人)感到羞耻；惭愧的”
shameful 可作定语或表语。指“(事情或行为本身)可耻；不道德的”
【语境串记】
He was ashamed t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o cheat，because he realized that it was shameful to cheat in the exam.
他为作弊而羞愧，因为他认识到考试作弊是可耻的。
单句改错
①I was ashaming to tell him that I had failed.
________________________________________________________________________
②She deeply ashamed of her behaviour at the party.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①ashaming→ashamed　②she后加was或is
一、记住了多少词汇 __________________________
__________________________
二、背会了几个句型 __________________________
__________________________
三、自己的不足 __________________________
__________________________
Period ⅢLearning about Language
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学，让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练掌握“it”用法，明确it的指代作用。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的内 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第45－46页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。?
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第46－48页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
　　　?
??
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　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　布置作业。让学生完成课本第21页1、2、3题，预习学案Period Ⅳ(见学案第49－53页)。?
1．in spite of＝despite虽然；尽管……仍；不管；不顾
In spite of all his efforts he failed.(教材P20)
尽管他竭尽全力了，但还是失败了。
In spite of the hot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )weather they still run in the playground.尽管天气炎热，他们仍在操场上跑步。
Helly loved her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )husband in spite of the fact that he drank too much.虽然她丈夫酗酒，凯莉仍然爱着他。
不管；不顾
虽然；尽管
Despite the fact th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at she needed a rest she went to Beijing.尽管她需要休息，她还是去了北京。
Though it was cold，he had to go to work.
虽然天气很冷，但他还得去上班。
in spite of/despite，though/although，as
in spite of/despite 都是介词，所以后面不接让步状语从句，而是接名词、代词或动名词作宾语
though/although 引导让步状语从句，though可用倒装语序，although则不能
as 引导让步状语从句，但从句需要用倒装语序
选词填空：in spite of/despite，though/although，as
①____________the heavy snow，he managed to come.
②____________ he is very old，he works hard.
③Pretty ____________she is，she is not clever.
【答案】　①In spite of/Despite　②Though/Although
③as/though
2．take risks(a risk)冒险
He felt he had to ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke up his mind on every step instead of taking risks.(教材P20)
他感到每一步都得做出决定而不是冒险。
She's too sensible to take a risk when she's driving.
她开车时很有判断力而不致冒险。
①at risk(of...)处于(……的)危险之中；冒(……的)风险
at all risks(＝at any risk)无论冒什么风险
run risks/a risk冒险
take/run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事；冒做某事的危险/风险
②risk sth.以……作为赌注
risk doing sth.冒险做……
risk one's life to do sth.冒着生命危险做某事
As with all diseases，certain groups will be more at risk than others.
所有的疾病都是如此，一些人比另一些人更容易受到威胁。
Don't they need to risk doing so when just graduating from school
他们刚从学校毕业，难道真需要冒险这样做吗？
He risked his life to help others escape.
他冒着生命危险帮助别人逃生。
单项填空
①If you take__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______risk of not wearing a seat belt，you will be at________risk.
A．the；/　　 B．．/；/
C．/；the D．the；the
【解析】　take the risk of冒做……的危险；at risk处于危险中。句意：如果你冒险不系安全带，你将处于危险中。
【答案】　A
完成句子
②我们不希望未受过训练的人去冒险。
We don't expect untrained people______________．
③为了让村民们安全，他们冒着暴风雨之险。
They______________to make the villagers safe.
【答案】　②to take risks/to take a risk　③risked getting caught in a storm
3．get into陷入；染上(坏习惯)；养成(习惯)
Of course th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e best way to deal with these drugs is not to get into the habit in the first place！(教材P20)当然，对付毒品的最好的方法是首先就别养成(吸毒的)习惯！
If you break law again，you will get into trouble.
你若再违反法律，你会弄出大麻烦的。
I first got into rock ‘n’ roll when I was at college.
我开始喜欢摇滚乐是上大学的时候。
get across通过；被传达；被理解
get away逃脱；离开
get down记下；开始
get over克服
get off下车；离开
get in进入；到达
get through接通；完成；通过
get along/on with进展；相处
How can I get it across to him how important this is
我怎么做才能让他理解这件事的重要性？
After the supper，the girl got down to her homework.
晚饭后，女孩开始做功课。
【对接高考】
(2012·江西高考)I've ________ the habit of calling in on my grandparents on my way home from school.
A．come into B．gone into
C．got into D．run into
【解析】　句意：我已养成在放学路上去看 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )望祖父母的习惯。get into the habit of doing sth.为固定短语；意为“养成做……的习惯”。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①一旦你养成了坏习惯，你会发现很难改掉。
__________________________，you will find it hard to get rid of it.
②他染上了吸毒的习惯，这使他的父母很担心。
He ________________，which worried his parents a lot.
③约翰回城的消息很快就传开了。
It quickly ____________that John was back in town.
【答案】　①Once you get ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into a bad habit　②got into the habit of taking drugs　③got around
　
观察下列从Read中选取的句子，注意“it”的用法。
1．It is a beauti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ful day here and I am sitting under a big tree at the end of the garden.
2．It seems am ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )azing that at my age I am still fit enough to cycle 20 kilometres in an afternoon.
3．It's my birthday in two weeks' time and I'll be 82 years old!
4．...and now you are finding it difficult to give it up.
5．Believe me，I kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow how easy it is to begin smoking and how tough it is to stop.
6．This means t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat after a while your body becomes accustomed to having nicotine in it．
7．I was addicted in all three ways，so it was very difficult to quit.
8．I knew it was time to quit smoking.
9．It might help you to stop and strengthen your resolve.
10．It is not easy to stop smoking.
it的用法(Ⅰ)
1．用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情
一般指说话者心目中已经了解或所指的生物 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、无生命的东西或事情，没有性别的区分；可以是可数名词，也可以是不可数名词，在句子中既可以作主语，也可以作宾语。
(1)指动物和植物。
Look at that bird.It always comes to my window.
看看那只鸟。它总是飞到我的窗前来。
(2)指代无生命的东西。
This is my watch.It's made in Switzerland.
这是我的手表。它是瑞士产的。
(3)代替上文提到过的整个事情。
Well，you mustn't play on the road.It's dangerous!
哦，你不能在马路上玩。这是危险的！
2．用于指代人
(1)指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。
—Who is knocking at the door？——谁在敲门？
—It's me.——是我。
(2)指说话者心目中的那个人。
—Look，someone is coming.Who can it be
——看，有人过来了。他可能是谁呢？
—It may be the headmaster.——可能是校长。
(3)在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。
—Who's that？——那人是谁？
—Is it Helen？——是海伦吗？
—Yes，I think you're right.It's Helen.
——是的，我想你说对了，是海伦。
3．用于指时间、距离和自然现象等
(1)表示时间。
—What's the date？——今天是几月几日？
—It's the third of March.——今天是3月3日。
(2)表示距离。
It's only five minutes' walk from here.
离这儿仅有五分钟步行的路程。
(3)表示自然现象。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
(4)表示环境、形势等。
If it's convenient，I can see you tomorrow.
如果方便的话，我明天能见到你。
4．用作形式主语，替代动词不定式，动名词或从句
(1)It is clear (obvio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us，true，possible，certain...) that...该句型中it是形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句，常译为“清楚(显然，真的，可能，肯定……)”。
It is very c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lear that he doesn't like it.＝That he doesn't like it is very clear.很清楚他不喜欢它。
(2)It is said (reporte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d/learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped...) that...该句型中的it仍是形式主语，真正主语是that引导的主语从句；该结构常译为“据说(据报道，据悉……)”。
It is reported ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that another satellite has been put into orbit.据报道又一颗卫星被送入轨道。
(3)It is time (about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) time，high time) that...该句型中that后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是从句的谓语动词常用过去时态表示虚拟，有时也用should＋动词原形，should不能省，常译为“是(正是)……的时候了”。
It is time that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )children should go to bed.＝It is time that children went to bed.孩子们该睡了。
(4)It is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first (second...) time that...该句型中的that从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中that可以省去；it有时用this/that替换，常译为“是第一(二)……次做……”。
It is the first time I have been here.
这是我第一次到这里来。
(5)It is a pity (a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shame/an honour/a good thing/a fact/a surprise/...) that...该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)，should可省去，表示出乎意料，常译为“竟然”。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。
It is a pity t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hat such a thing (should) happen in your class.这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！
It is a pity that he is ill.
他生病了，真遗憾！
(6)It happens (seems， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )looks，appears) that...该句型中it是形式主语，that引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen，seem等词是不及物动词。
It seems that he will be back in a few days.
看来他再过几天才能回来。
(7)It be＋adj.( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kind，nice，brave，clever，stupid...) of sb.＋to do sth.该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语由of引起，句中的形容词必须是表示逻辑主语特征的形容词(即句中的形容词是修饰逻辑主语的)。常见的形容词有bad，brave，careless，clever，cruel，foolish，good(好心的)，honest，horrible，kind，lazy，modest，naughty，nice，polite，rude，silly，stupid，wise，wrong等。这个句型可以转换为：sb.is＋adj.＋to do sth.
It is kind of you to say so.＝You are kind to say so.
你这么说真是太善良了。
(8)It be＋adj.(d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ifficult，easy，hard，important) for sb.to do sth.该句型与上一个同属一个句型。不定式的逻辑主语由for引起，形容词常表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况(即句中的形容词是修饰动词不定式的)。常见的形容词有important，necessary，natural等；easy，safe，common，normal，hard，difficult，dangerous，unusual，impossible，pleasant等。
It is important fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r her to come to the party.＝It is important that she (should) come to the party.
对她来说，参加这次聚会很重要。
(9)It takes sb.some time to do sth.
做某事要花费某人一些时间。
It took me five days to solve the problem.
解决这个问题花了我五天时间。
(10)It costs sb.some money to do sth.
做某事要花费某人一些钱。
It will cost my father five thousand yuan to buy such a computer.
买这台电脑花了我父亲5000元。
(11)It's up to sb.to do sth.应由某人(负责)做……
It is up to you to decide whether to take the job or not.
做不做这份工作由你决定。
(12)It's useless/(of) no use/(of) no good doing sth.
该句型常译为“做……也是徒然的/没 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )有益处的”，句中的动名词短语是真正的主语，表语可以是no use(＝not any use)，no good(＝not any good)等。
It's no use arguing with her.
跟她争论没有用。
5．作形式宾语
(1)用于 “主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )足语” 句型中：当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式、动名词或宾语从句时，常使用it作形式宾语，而往往把真正的宾语——不定式、动名词或宾语从句置于补足语之后。
I think it important that we should keep calm.
我认为我们应该保持安静，这很重要。
I feel it my duty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that I should devote myself to teaching.我感到致力于教学是我的责任。
I make it a rule that I read English every morning.
每天早晨读英语是我的习惯。
(2)用于“主语＋及物动词＋宾语”句型中：有些动词或短语动词不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句，需要在从句前先加上形式宾语it。
①appreciate，dislike ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，hate，like，love，make(按时到达，成功)，have(表明，坚持说)，take(认为，猜想)，hide(隐瞒)，publish(公布)，put(表达，写出来)等。
I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon.
我认为你会很快离开上海。
The report has i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t that no one was to blame for the accident.报告表明没有人要对这次事故负责。
We published it th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at we had finished the project ahead of time.我们宣布我们已提前竣工了。
②answer for(承 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )担……的后果)，count on(期待)，depend on(依靠)，insist on(坚持主张，坚决要求)，see to(确保)等。
I am counting on it that you will come.
我期待你会来。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．My brother took part ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the football match and scored a goal ________ the injury to his left leg.
A．in case of B．．in spite of
C．in honor of D．in charge of
【解析】　句意：尽管我哥哥左腿受伤了， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )但他还是参加了足球比赛，而且进了一个球。in case of“万一”；in spite of“虽然；尽管”；in honor of“为纪念……”；in charge of“负责；掌管”。根据题意选B项。
【答案】　B
2．The earthquake has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )destroyed most houses in the village.How are they going to________the winter
A．get on B．get across
C．get over D．get through
【解析】　get on进展，进步；get a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cross被理解，把……讲清楚；get over克服；get through度过，通过。由句意可知D项正确。
【答案】　D
3．(2013·上海高二检测)Grandma warned him not to ________ that tall tree.
A．risk of climbing B．run the risk of climbing
C．take risk to climb D．risk to climb
【解析】　句意：奶奶警告他不要冒险爬那 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )棵很高的树。run the risk of doing sth.冒险做某事。risk作动词时为及物动词，A项如果改为risk climbing则正确。根据句子结构可知选B。
【答案】　B
4．(2013·青岛高二检测)—Do you like________here
—Oh，yes.The air，the weather，the way of life.Everything is nice.
A．this B．these
C．that D．it
【解析】　考查it的用法。it用来指代下句中的the air，the weather，the way of life。
【答案】　D
5．—Who knocked at the door
—I've no ide ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a.I just pretended nobody was at home，so I didn't ask who________was.
A．he B．that
C．she D．it
【解析】　句意：——谁敲的门？——我不知道，我只是假装家里没人，所以我没问他/她是谁。it在此指代未知的人。
【答案】　D
6．The two girls are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) so alike that strangers find ________difficult to tell one from the other.
A．it B．them
C．her D．that
【解析】　考查代词it用法。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本句中find的宾语是to tell one from the other，放在了句尾，因此find后缺少形式宾语，只有it可作形式宾语，故选用it。
【答案】　A
7．The employ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ment rate has continued to rise in big cities thanks to the efforts of the local governments to increase ________．
A．them B．those
C．it D．that
【解析】　考查代词。句意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：由于当地政府的努力，大城市的就业率继续上升。根据句意可知，增加的是上文提及的the employment rate。A、B两项代指复数，应排除；it指同一个，即上文中的rate，为正确答案；that指同一类，但并不是同一个，可排除。
【答案】　C
8．They are good friend ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s.________is no wonder that they know each other so well.
A．This B．That
C．There D．It
【解析】　句意：他们是好朋友，难怪他们互相如此了解。it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的主语从句。
【答案】　D
9．Catherine bought ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a postcard of the place she was visiting，addressed ________ to ________ and then posted it at the nearby post office.
A．it；her B．it；herself
C．herself；her D．herself；herself
【解析】　句意：Catherine买了一张她 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )正在参观的地方的明信片，在上面写上自己的姓名、地址，然后到附近的邮局把它寄了回去。address sth.to sb.(在信封或包裹上)写收件人姓名、地址。第一空用it代替the postcard；因第二空所寄对象是Catherine本人，故用反身代词herself。
【答案】　B
10．We have ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de ________ clear that we are strongly against smoking in the office.
A．this B．that
C．it D．one
【解析】　句意为：我们已经 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )明确表示强烈反对在办公室吸烟。it作形式宾语，that we are strongly against smoking in the office为真正的宾语。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.同义句转换(用it改写句子)
1．To my surprise，he th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought that it was impossible for him to learn English well.
→To my surprise，he th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought ____________ for him to learn English well.
2．36 students are said to have passed the exam in our class.
→____________ 36 students passed the exam in our class.
3．To give up smoking is not easy.
→____________not easy to give up smoking.
4．Debating about it is useless.
→____________useless debating about it.
5．I became stronger and stronger，which made my parents glad.
→I became stronger and stronger，and ____________．
6．He felt it was his duty to serve the people heart and soul.
→He felt ____________ to serve the people heart and soul.
7．In the west，people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends，making it a rule.
→In the west，people _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )___________ to send Christmas presents to their relatives and friends.
8．When and where to hold the match hasn't been decided.
→____________ when and where to hold the match.
【答案】　1.it impossib ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le　2.It is said that　3.It is　4.It is　5.it made my parents glad　6.it his duty　7.make it a rule　8.It hasn't been decided
一、记住了多少词汇 __________________________
__________________________
二、背会了几个句型 __________________________
__________________________
三、语法的掌握程度 较好(　　)一般(　　)较差(　)
四、自己的不足 __________________________
__________________________
Period ⅣUsing Language
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握建议信类文章的写法。
●教学地位
本单课时的内容是一个介绍艾滋病毒和艾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )滋病的海报，告诉学生要养成良好的生活习惯，远离疾病。许多问题是日常生活中同学们经常遇到和谈及的话题，对同学们有一定的指导作用。
●新课导入建议
艾滋病正来势汹汹威胁着人类 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的健康和生活，并且离我们的生活越来越近，那么同学们对艾滋病毒和艾滋病有多少了解呢？ 那么我们就通过对本文的学习，进一步了解一下艾滋病毒和艾滋病的情况。
●教学流程设计
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?老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第53－54页)和Workbook 第56页第1、2、3题、第57页第1题。
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P22课文，判断正误
1．There are many different viruses that cause AIDS.(　　)
2．If a person carries HIV，he may survive some time. (　　)
3．Taking food from ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the same dishes as someone infected with HIV will give you HIV too.(　　)
4．Some AIDS patients can recover if treated timely.(　　)
【答案】　1－4　F T F F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P22课文，选择最佳答案
1．Will you be infected with AIDS by hugging a person with AIDS
A．No，by sharing needles.
B．No，by touching.
C．No，by kissing.
2．A person who gets AIDS is likely to________．
A．recover soon
B．die soon
C．be healthy soon
3．A person may be infected with HIV through________．
A．blood　　B．injection　　C．both of the above
【答案】　1.A　2.B　3.C
1．You can have HIV in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) your blood for a long time，but eventually HIV will damage your immune system so much that your body can no longer fight disease.(教材P22)在你的血液中，HIV病毒可以长期存在，但是它最终将使你的免疫系统严重受损，以至于使你的身体不能再抗衡疾病。
so...that...引导结果状语从句，意为“如此……以至于……”。
Tom studied so hard that he passed the exam.
汤姆学习很用功，所以考试及格了。
He spoke so loudly that everyone in the room heard him.
他说话如此大声以至于房间里的每个人都能听到。
(1)so...that...引导结果状语从句的常见句型如下：
①so＋adj./adv.＋that...
②so＋adj.＋a/an＋可数名词单数＋that...
③so＋many/much/few/little＋名词＋that...
(2)such...that...也可以引导结果状语从句，句型如下：
①such＋a/an＋adj.＋可数名词单数＋that...
②such＋adj.＋复数名词或不可数名词＋that...
(3)当so...和such...置于句首时，主句要使用部分倒装。
It is such fine weath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er that I have decided to go outing with my friends.
天气真好，我决定和朋友们去郊游。
So hard did he work that he caught up with us in a week.
他工作很努力，在一周内就赶上了我们。
Such a kind－hearted ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) man is he that we respect him very much.他这么好心，以至于我们都非常尊重他。
句型转换
It is such an interesting film that we all like it.
①It is ________interesting a film________we all like it.
②________________film is it________we all like it.
【答案】　①so；that　②Such an interesting；that或So interesting a；that
2．survival n．幸存，残存；幸存者；残存者
If you develop AIDS，your chances of survival are very small.(教材P22)
如果你得上了艾滋病，生存的几率很小。
We need food and water for survival.
我们为了生存需要食物和水。
The custom is a survival from the past.
这种风俗是从过去沿袭下来的。
fight for survival为生存而奋斗
survive v．幸存；仍然存在
survive sth.经历……仍然存在
survive on sth.靠……继续维持生活
survivor n．生存者；幸存者
Only two passenger survived the air－crash.
这次飞机失事只有两名乘客幸免于难。
She survived her husband by twenty years.
她丈夫去世后她又活了二十年。
There was only one survivor from the plane crash.
这次飞机失事只有一个幸存者。
It is reported th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at there was an air crash in Cuba.Nobody on board________it with all the passengers and the crew killed.
A．avoided B．．escaped
C．missed D．survived
【解析】　考查动词的用法。根据“with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) all the passengers and the crew killed”可知，所有乘客和机组人员遇难，没有人“生还”，故选survive。
【答案】　D
3．It_is_only_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when_the_disease_has_progressed_to_AIDS_that a person begins to look sick.(教材P22)
只有当这种疾病发展成为艾滋病时，一个人才开始看上去有病态。
强调句型的基本结构为：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋句子的其余部分。被强调部分是人的时候，还可以使用who。
It was him that/who we met at the school gate.
(强调宾语)我们在校门口遇到他。
It was in the park that Tom lost his bike.(强调状语)
汤姆是在公园里丢的自行车。
①not...until...的强调句式：
It is/was not until...that...
②强调句型的一般疑问句：
Is/Was it...that/who...
③强调句型的特殊疑问句：
Who/What/When/Where is/was it that...
Was it in 1939 that the Second World War broke out
二战是在1939年爆发的吗？
It was not unti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l the fish died in the river that the farmers knew the river was polluted.
直到河里的鱼死了，农民们才知道河水被污染了。
Who was it that broke the rule
是谁犯规了？
【对接高考】
①(2013·重庆高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )It was with the help of the local guide________the mountain climber was rescued.
A．who B．that
C．when D．how
【解析】　考查强调句。该句可还原为the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ountain climber was rescued with the help of the local guide，故可知为强调句，答案选B。
【答案】　B
②(2012·湖南高考)It w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as not until I came here ________ I realized this place was famous for not only its beauty but also its weather.
A．who B．that
C．where D．before
【解析】　句意：直到我来到这里我才意识 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到这个地方不仅因为它的美丽而闻名，还因它的天气而闻名。句中出现not until结构，且not与until放在一起使用。能够出现这种情况的句型有两种：①It is/was not until...that...强调句型；②Not until...部分倒装句。根据句子结构可确定答案。此外，我们也可以将It is/was与空格去掉来验证此句是否是一个强调句。
【答案】　B
③(2012·重庆高考)It w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as 80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic ________ Zheng He had sailed to East Africa.
A．when B．that
C．after D．since
【解析】　题干的意思是：“郑和航海 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )到东非比哥伦布横渡大西洋早80年。”分析题干可知本句是一个强调句，被强调的是“80 years before Christopher Columbus crossed the Atlantic”，根据强调句结构“It is/was＋被强调部分＋that＋剩余部分”可知选B。
【答案】　B
按要求改写句子
It was in the shop where his sister worked he met a foreigner.
①改错：________________________________________________________________________
②对改后的句子变为一般疑问句：___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____________________________________________________________________
③对改后的句子变为特殊疑问句： ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①在he前面加th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at　②Was it in the shop where his sister worked that he met a foreigner
③Where was it that he met a foreigner
4．prejudice n．[U，C]偏见；成见
Unfortunately，people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with HIV sometimes lose their friends because of prejudice.(教材P22)不幸的是，由于偏见，HIV病毒携带者有时会失去他们的朋友。
A judge must be free from prejudice.
法官必须不抱成见。
have a prejudice against sb./sth.对某人/物有偏见
without prejudice to对……没有不利；无损于
racial/sexual prejudice种族/性别偏见
prejudice vt.使……有偏见；使……有成见
prejudice sb.against sth.使……对……产生偏见
prejudiced adj.有成见的；有偏见的
be prejudiced against对……有偏见
He has a prejudice against career women.
他对职业女性有偏见。
完成句子
①那里的人们对吃鲶鱼有偏见。
The people of the area__________________eating catfish.
②你作出的决定应该不损害我们的权益。
You should make a decision__________________to our rights.
【答案】　①have a prejudice against　②without prejudice
5．judgement n．看法；判决；判断
Before you read this ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )text，what judgements did you make about people with HIV/AIDS？(教材P23)在你阅读本篇文章之前，你对感染HIV/AIDS病毒的人有什么评价？
The judgement went against him.
这次判决对他很不利。
①make a judgement about/at...对……下判断/作评价
in sb.'s judgement在某人看来
pass judgement作出评论
②judge v．判断；判定；估计；评价
judge sb.by sth.凭……评判/断定
judge sb./sth.(to be) sth.认为某人/物……
judging by/from依据……来判断
In my judgement，we should do it.
按我的看法，我们应该做这件事。
Do not judge a person by his appearance.不要以貌取人。
完成句子
①________________(依据 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )……判断)the look on his face，the news must have been terrible.
②He refused to ________________ (对……作评价)the situation.
【答案】　①Judging by/from　②make a judgement about/judge
6．embarrassed adj.尴尬的；陷入困境的
Then she offer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed me a cigarette and I felt so embarrassed and awkward.(教材P24)
然后她给了我一支烟，我感到很尴尬且局促不安。
She felt embarrassed when he asked her age.
他问她的年龄时，她感到很尴尬。
feel/be embarrassed about/at...对……感到尴尬
embarrass v．使尴尬；使窘迫
embarrassing adj.令人尴尬的；使人难堪的
embarrassment n．窘迫；尴尬
Her questions about my private life embarrassed me.
她询问我的私生活使我感到很尴尬。
He was embarrassed by debts.
他因债务而陷入困境。
完成句子
①____________(使她感到不好意思)to meet strange men in the corridor at night.
②He ____________(对……感到尴尬)being the centre of attention.
③It was so ____________(难为情的)having to sing in public.
【答案】　①It embarrassed her　②felt embarrassed at/about　③embarrassing
表示prohibition，warning and permission(禁止，警告和许可)的常用交际用语有：
Don't...不要做……，Do...做……
You should(not...)你(不)应该做……
It would be a good idea to...做……是个好主意
Don't forget to...不要忘了做……
You don't have to...你不必非要做……
It's OK/all right to...做……是可以的
It is not a good idea to...做……不是个好主意
Mind your head/step小心你的头/脚下
Is it OK if I．..？如果我做……好吗？
I wonder if I could smoke here.不知道我能否在这里吸烟。
Would/Do you mind if I．..我做……你介意吗？
1．—Excuse me，I wonder if you can help me
—Sure.________？
A．What help B．．What is this
C．What is it D．What do you want
【解析】　句意：——劳驾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，你能帮帮我吗？——好的，什么事？第一个人询问是否可以帮忙，从第二个人的回答sure，可以知道他愿意，接着问具体是什么事，用What is it？意思是“什么事？”。
【答案】　C
2．—You should apologize to her，Barry.
—________，but it's not going to be easy.
A．I suppose so B．I feel so
C．I prefer to D．I like to
【解析】　句意：——你应 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )该向她道歉，Barry。——我认为如此，但那不会很容易的。I suppose so.我认为如此。I feel so.我感觉如此。
【答案】　A
3．—Would you mind my ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )coming over and having a look at your new garden？My little son's curious about those roses you grow.
—________．You're welcome.
A．Yes，I do B．Never mind
C．Yes，please D．Not at all
【解析】　上句问Would you min ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d...？回答应该是“不介意”，因此选D，表示自己一点也不介意，它通常是would/do you mind的回答。而Never mind.一般是对sorry的回答，来宽慰道歉的一方。
【答案】　D
如何回复建议信
写回复建议信时，首先要分析问题， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表明自己的观点；其次，针对问题提出建议，并说明原因；最后，提出期望，希望收信者积极行动，改进现状，并礼貌地结束全文。同时应注意以下几点。
1．信文要素要齐全。建议信的回信和建议信一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )样，信文通常由六部分构成：信头(发信人的地址和发信日期)；信内地址(收信人姓名、职位、地址等)；称呼；正文；结束语；签名。有时信头和信内地址可以省略。
2．态度要诚恳而有礼貌。不管对方提出的建议对自己是否可行，都应该认真对待并对对方表示感谢。
3．客观分析，表明态度。对对方提出的建议要准确理解、认真分析，然后结合自己的实际情况表明自己的态度是接受还是拒绝。
4．简明扼要，以理服人。在说明自己接受尤其是拒绝对方建议的原因时，一定要语气柔和，逻辑分明，重点突出，做到纳拒有理。
【常用句式】
1．首段：引出问题。
①I am sorry you have had so much trouble in...
②You have asked for ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )my advice on...and I will try to make some suggestions.
③I feel greatly honored to be trusted...
2．主体：提出提议。
①In my opinion，you would be wise to take the following action.
②First of all，...；Meanwhile，...；In addition...
③It's important for you to...
3．结尾：提出期望。
①Cheer up！Your troubles will soon be over.
②Where there is a will，there is a way.
③Don't lose heart，whatever happens.
④I will be very glad if you find my sug