【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语人教版选修七教师用书Unit 3　Under the sea

Unit 3　Under the sea
【美文阅读】
广袤无垠的海洋，孕育了无数生命传奇，以其 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )独有的神秘吸引着人类对其进行不懈的探索。为此，海洋科学家通常把海洋分为五个区域。现在就让我们一起了解一下吧！
The earth's oceans ca ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n reach depths of up to 11,000 metres.That is deep enough to cover Mt.Qomolangma！The oceans are incredibly(不可思议的)large and contain several different habitats.To make it easier to describe the various parts of the oceans，marine(海上的)scientists usually divide the oceans into five zones.Each zone is different mainly as a result of how much sunlight reaches it.
Most of the life in t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he ocean can be found in the first zone，which begins at the surface and goes down about 200 metres.Because there is sunlight at this level，plants are able to grow.Marine animals such as dolphins，sharks，sea turtles and sea lions，and of course a variety of fish，live in the sunlit(阳光普照的)part of the ocean.It is difficult to hide from other animals in this area.
The second zo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne starts at 200 metres and goes down to about 1,000 metres.Some sunlight can reach this level，but it is not enough for plants to grow.Because this zone is relatively dark，many of the creatures that live here are able to make light with their body.The light from these animals makes the water look like a sky with moving stars in it.
The third zone of t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he ocean is dark.This place，about 3,000 metres deep，may not seem a likely habitat，but there are more creatures here than one might think.Most of the animals that live here are black or red because of the lack of light.
Below 4,000 metre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s，the temperature is near freezing and there is no light at all.In fact，the zone is so dark and empty that scientists named this zone after the Greek word for “no bottom”．There is not much life to be found in this cold and unpleasant part of the ocean，but some small creatures still manage to survive here despite the high water pressure.
The very deepest ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )part of the ocean is found 2,000 metres further down.At this depth，the water pressure is extremely high and life is very difficult for the few creatures that live pared to the other zones，this one has very little life.Since there is no light here，some of the animals do not have eyes.
Next time you look at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the ocean from the beach or on a map，remember that what you are seeing is only the surface－only the beginning of the large and varied adventure.
【诱思导学】
1．Why do thes ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e animals living in the second zone make the water look like a sky with moving stars in it
________________________________________________________________________
2．Do you think it i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s possible for some creatures that live in the very deepest part of the ocean to see each other
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.Because ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny of them are able to make light with their body.　2.No.Because there is no light here and some of the animals have no eyes.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
初步掌握本课文中的词汇，浅层次理解课文，了解相关的背景知识。
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的内容的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，让学生在下一堂课中对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元的中心话题是“海底世界”。听说 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )读写等活动主要围绕海底动植物、海底奇妙景观，以及有关大海的神话故事展开。 本单元引导学生讨论这些话题，目的在于让他们了解海底世界的博大与奇妙。从而增强保护海洋和开发利用海洋的意识。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以通过讨论教材第19页的图画引导学生了解这些海底动植物。培养学生热爱和保护海洋生物的意识。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。 学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第34页)。 学生就“美文阅读”进行讨论，统一答案。

学生再次阅读课文(课本第 20－21页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第35页)。 师生共同讨论并统一答案。 让学生快速阅读课文(见课本第 20－21 页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第35页)。
　　　　
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见解，最后统一答案。 学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第 20－21页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第35页)。 老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。

让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第36页)。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。 让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第35页)。
　　　　
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第20－21 页并完成课本第21页1、2、3 题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第36页)。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格(每空不超过3词)
The main idea of the text I 1.________ a scene ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )where Old Tom，the killer whale，helped the whalers catch the huge whales.
Time 2.________
Details of the story
Old Tom made a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) loud noise，3.________ us that there was a whale out there for us.
We jumped into the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )boat and headed out into the bay.Old Tom 4.________ us the way.
As we approached，th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e killers over there were throwing themselves 5.________ the whale's blow hole to stop it 6.________，and the others were stopping it diving or 7．________ out to sea.
One man aimed at the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) whale and his harpoon hit the spot.The whale's body was 8．________ by the killers down into the 9．________ of the sea.
We went home and inten ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ded to get the whale's body the next day.In the following 24 hours，the killers would have a good feed on its 10.________.
【答案】　1.witnessed　2.One afternoon　3.telling
4．showed　5.on top of　6.breathing　7.fleeing
8．dragged　9.depths　10.lips and tongue
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P20－21的Reading部分，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Who first shouted that the killer was coming
A．The writer.　　　B．James.　　　C．George.
2．Which of the following is TRUE
A．Old Tom and his friends were helpful to the whalers.
B．Old Tom was 70 years old.
C．Old Tom never did any favor for the whalers.
3．Why did the kill ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ers throw themselves on top of the whale's blow hole
A．To protect the whale.
B．To help the whale run away.
C．To stop the whale breathing.
4．The whalers retur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ned home without the whale's body because ________.
A．it was too heavy to carry
B．they didn't catch the whale
C．it wouldn't float up to the surface for around 24 hours
5．Old Tom helped James by ________.
A．hugging him in the water
B．keeping the shark away from James
C．holding up James in the water
【答案】　1－5　CACCC
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
I had heard of the k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illers that helped whalers catch huge whales.When I worked at a whaling station，I 1.________ it many times.One afternoon，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.We ran down to the shore 2.________ time to see an enormous animal throwing itself out of the water.George，one of the whalers，told me that it was Old Tom，the killer，who was telling us there's a whale.Another whaler 3.________ out to 4.________ a whale hunt.We immediately headed out into the bay，with Old Tom 5.________ us the way.Using a telescope we saw that several killers 6.________ the whale were throwing themselves on top of the whale's blow hole to stop it 7.________，while others were stopping it diving or 8.________ out to sea.Then the man in the bow of the boat aimed at the whale and killed it.These killers 9.________ harmed or attacked people.Once when we were in the bay，the sea was 10.________，for which James was carried away by waves.Worse still，there was a shark.Fortunately，Old Tom rescued James.
【答案】　1.witnessed　2.in　3.yelled　4.announce
5．showing　6.over　7.breathing　8.fleeing　9.never　10.rough
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．urge　　A．to jump into the water head first
2．pause B．to run away；to escape(esp.from danger，threat etc)
3．witness C．to strongly recommend or suggest
4．abandon D．short stop while doing or saying something
5．yell E．to be present at sth.and see it
6．drag F．to give up completely
7．flee G．to utte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r a loud sharp cry or cries as of pain，excitement，etc
8．dive H．to pull(sb./sth.)along with effort and difficulty
【答案】　1.C　2.D　3.E　4.F　5.G　6.H　7.B　8.A
Ⅱ.短语填空
sort out；help out； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ahead of；in the meantime；pack into；even though；wash off；point towards
1．There were three women waiting ________ him in the queue.
2．Jane is ________ her friend by lending him her car.
3．John ________ a house，saying that was his home.
4．I'll need time to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) ________ the office staff－they are hopelessly disorganized at the moment.
5．He got the first prize；________，he broke the records.
6．These clothes won't be all ________ one suitcase.
【答案】　1.ahead of　2.helping out　3.pointed towards
4．sort out　5.in the meantime　6.packed into
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．A few minute ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s later，there was no Tom，so George started beating the water with his oar and there was Tom，circling back to the boat，leading us to the hunt again.
几分钟之后，汤姆不见了，于是乔治开始用桨拍打水面。汤姆出现了，转回到船边，又领着我们前往捕猎处。
2．As we drew ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )closer，I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
走近一看，原来是一头大鲸受到约六七条虎鲸的攻击。
3．“...And those other ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are stopping it diving or fleeingout to sea，” George told me，pointing towards the hunt.“……而其他那些虎鲸则阻止它潜水或逃跑。”乔治一边指着捕猎的场景，一边告诉我。
4．It_took_over_half_an_hour_to_get the boat back to James，...
我们花了半个多小时才把船头调向詹姆斯，……
Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
3．通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练运用这些词汇。
4．通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写投诉信类的文章，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词的词性和词意变化万千，用法多变。在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的关键所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Have you heard of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) story that the killer whale helped whalers catch huge whales？Shall we protect whales when they are endangered Now I want to ask ××× to describe what is a killer whales like.
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“课堂互动探究”(见学案第36页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。

让学生再次阅读课文(课本第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )20－21页)，以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　
让学生完成“自我评估”(见学案第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )40页)。 布置作业。让学生完成课本第21页第1、2、3题和“课时作业”，预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第40页)。
1．witness vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；证据
I thought，at the time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times.(教材P20)当时我以为这只是个故事，但是后来我亲眼见证过多次。
China's rapid devel ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )opment in the last years has witnessed a powerful and prosperous country.中国近几年的快速发展见证了中国是一个强大繁荣的国家。
I was a witness to their quarrel.
我是他们吵架时的目击者。
①witness to...(to为介词)证实，证明……
witness for为……作证
be witnessed by由……证明
②be a witness to是……的证据/证人
bear/give witness to做……的证人，为……作证
in witness of作为……的证据
In the past the s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ea level was much higher，as is witnessed by remnants of raised beaches.过去海平面要高得多，这些高出来的海岸遗迹可以作证。
New York's grand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) buildings bear witness to the city's magnificent past.
纽约的雄伟建筑是该城市过去辉煌的见证。
【助记】
一语言尽witness
The witness who wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nessed the accident gave witness to the police and promised to be a witness.这个目击了这场事故的目击者向警察提交了证据并且答应做证人。
完成句子
①Several people said they ________________(目击了这个袭击事件)．
②His good health is ________________(就是这种疗法成功的证明)．
③He witnessed ____________(看见那个人被杀了)．
【答案】　①had witness ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the attack/were witnesses to the attack　②a witness to the success of the treatment
③to having seen the man killed
2．accommodation n．住所；住宿；和解
On the afternoon I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) arrived at the station，as I was sorting out my accommodation，I heard a loud noise coming from the bay.(教材P20)有一天下午我来到捕鲸站，正在找住处的时候，我听到从海湾那边传来一阵喧闹声。
Please make your own arrangements for accommodation.请自行安排住宿。
They reached an accommodation with neighbouring countries.他们同邻国和解了。
①make/offer accommodations for为……提供食宿
arrange sb.'s accommodation给某人安排住处
②accommodate vt.向……提供住处(或食宿)；容纳，招待住宿；供应，供给；使适应，使适合，调节适应……
accommodate sb.with向……提供
accommodate＋
The travel agency has arranged our accommodations.
旅行社已为我们安排了住宿。
I quickly needed to accommodate to the new schedule.
我需要迅速适应新的时间表。
【对接高考】
(2010·湖北高考)After th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e earthquake，the first thing the local government did was to provide ________ for the homeless families.
A．accommodation　　　　　B．occupation
C．equipment D．furniture
【解析】　句意：地震后当 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地政府做的第一件事情是为无家可归的家庭提供住处。accommodation住所，住处；occupation占据；equipment设备；furniture家具。根据句意可知选A。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①非常感谢您为我提供膳宿。
Thank you very much for ________ me.
②我借钱给他。
I ________ him ________ money.
③我们必须使自己适应新的情况。
We must ________ new conditions.
【答案】　①making acco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmodations for　②accommodated；with　③accommodate ourselves to
3．opposite prep.在……对面 adj.相对的；相反的
We ran down ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.(教材P20)
我们及时赶到岸边，看到对面有一个庞大的动物猛力跃出水面，然后又坠落到水里。
The bank is opposite the supermarket.
银行在超市对面。
She hurried away in the opposite direction.
她朝着相反的方向匆匆离去。
be opposite from 与……相反；不相容
be opposite to在……对面；与……相反
oppose vt.反对
opposed adj.反对的，不同的
be opposed to反对……
opposing adj.对抗的
opposition n．反对；反抗
Idealism is opposite from materialism.
唯心论和唯物论是对立的。
His store is opposite to mine.他的店在我的对面。
They are all oppo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sed to naming the high school after Martin.他们都反对以马丁的名字命名这所高中。
I thought the me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asures would work，but it had the ________ effect－more rivers being polluted.
A．better B．practical
C．opposite D．basic
【解析】　句意：我原以为这个措施会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )起作用，但它却有相反的结果——更多的河流被污染。the opposite effect“相反的结果”。符合句意。
【答案】　C
4．yell vi大叫；呼喊 n．叫声；喊声
Another whale ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r yelled out，“Rush oo...rush oo”．(教材P20)另外一位捕鲸人大声喊道，“快走啊……走啊”。
The crowd yelled encouragement at the players.
人群大声叫喊着给运动员加油。
She let out a yell when she saw me.
当她看到我时，她大叫了一声。
①yell at冲……大喊
yell one's head off大声叫喊
yell out大声喊叫
yell for help大声呼救
②let out(give)a yell大喊一声
I yelled out in pain.我疼得大声喊叫。
选词填空(for，with，at，off)
①Don't yell ________ me.
②Will you boys ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stop yelling your heads ________ just outside my window
③The man is yelling ________ help.
④They yelled ________ excitement.
【答案】　①at　②off　③for　④with
5．pause vi.& n．暂停，停顿
Without pausing we jum ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay.一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。
He paused for breath and then continued climbing.
他停下来喘了口气，然后继续爬山。
We worked for four hours without a pause.
我们连续工作了四个小时。
①pause to do sth.停下来去做某事
pause for停下来为……
②give sb.pause(for thought)让某人停下来(仔细思考)/without pause不停
She paused her video to answer the phone.
她停下录像机去接电话。
After a brief pause，they continued climbing.
他们略停了一下就继续爬山。
英汉互译
①His reply was delivered with scarcely a pause for breath.
________________________________________________________________________
②她在门口驻足片刻，然后离开了。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①他的回答一气呵成，几乎没有停顿。
②She paused at the door and then left.
6．flee vi.逃避；逃跑vt.逃离
And those ot ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hers are stopping it diving or fleeing out to sea，...(教材P20)
而其他那些(虎鲸)则阻止它潜水或逃到海里去，……
Tom was lucky to flee the burning hotel.
汤姆很幸运地逃出了失火的旅馆。
flee(from) 从……逃跑
flee to/into逃到……
flee in all directions/every direction四处逃窜
flee the responsibility逃避责任
He fled to London after an argument with his family.
他与家人争吵后离家去了伦敦。
flee/escape
flee 作“逃跑”讲时可作及物和不及物动词，指因害怕会有危险而逃离某地，重点在动作本身。
escape 作“逃跑”讲时为不及物动词，指从监禁、不愉快或危险处境中逃脱，重点在结果。
用flee/escape的适当形式填空
The enemy soldiers ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) were ________in all directions，but few of them could ________.
【答案】　fleeing；escape
7．Within a moment o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r two，its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea.(教材P20)过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。
(1)drag vt.拖；拉；扯
He grabbed her and dragged her away.
他抓住她，把她拖走了。
The horse was dragging a heavy load.
马拖着重载。
drag down使健康情况变坏；使道德水平或社会地位下降
drag away拖走
drag up提起(不愿回忆或谈论的事)
drag out拖出来；(使)拖延
drag on(使拖延)；延长(声调、字眼等)
If he fails，he'll drag us all down with him.
要是他失败了，他会使我们大家连同他一起毁掉的。
pull/draw/drag
pull “拉”，普通用词，指“用力拉”，当不强调力的大小时，与push相对。 Help me move the piano over there；you push and I will pull.帮我把那儿的钢琴搬过来，你用力推，我来拉。
draw 与pull意思相近，不表力度、强度如何，通常指“拖、拉”的动作，比pull更均匀、平稳、从容。 After some time，he began to draw the net in.过了一些时候，他开始收网。
drag 指艰难而缓慢地“拖、拉”笨重的东西，含“费力和用劲”之意。 She dragged her child to the dentist's.她强拉她的孩子到牙科诊所去。
【助记】
完成句子
①他挣扎着起了床。
He ________ himself ________ bed.
②聚会太开心了，我舍不得离开。
The party was so good that I couldn't ________ myself ________.
【答案】　①drags；out of　②drag；away
用drag，draw和pull的适当形式填空
③My brother ________ a heavy box out of a cupboard.
④They ________ hard，but the big rock remained immovable.
⑤Please ________ the curtain across the window.
【答案】　③dragged　④pulled　⑤draw
(2)depth n．深；深度；深处
What's the depth of this lake？这个湖有多深？
The person has great depth.这个人很有内涵。
in depth全面；深入；详细
beyond/out of one's depth不能理解；力所不及
from the depth of the mind从心底里；真心地
at a depth of...在……的深度
in the depth(s) of在正中；在深处
Can you tell us the accident in depth
你能详细地给我们描述那次事故吗？
The new theory is totally out of my depth.
我完全理解不了这项新理论。
【教师备课资源】
注意体会下列词的变化及词性：
deep(adj.)→depth(n.)→deepen(v.)
high(adj.)→height(n.)→heighten(v.)
wide(adj.)→width(n.)→widen(v.)
long(adj.)→length(n.)→lengthen(v.)
strong(adj.)→strength(n.)→strengthen(v.)
完成句子
⑥I haven't read the report ________(详细地)yet.
⑦This kind of fish lives ________(海洋深处)．
【答案】　⑥in depth　⑦in the depths of the sea
单项填空
⑧Water was found ________ a depth of 50 meters.
A．down B．at
C．to D．in
【解析】　at a depth of...“在……的深度”，to a depth of...“到达……深的地方”。
【答案】　B
8．urge vt.催促；极力主张；驱策 n．强烈的欲望；冲动
“Man overboard！Turn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the boat around！”urged George，shouting loudly.(教材P20)
乔治大声催促道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”
They urged us to go at once.他们催促我们马上去。
I have a sudden urge to go to the countryside.
我突然想到乡下去一趟。
①urge sb.to do sth.催促某人做某事
urge sth.on/upon sb.＝urge on/upon sb.sth.
向某人极力陈述某事
urge sb.into doing sth.催促/力劝某人做某事
urge that...(should) ＋动词原形 催促；极力主张……
②have an urge to do sth.有做某事的冲动
③urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的
④urgently adv. 紧急地；急迫地
⑤urgency n. 急切；迫切
The report urged th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at all children (should)be taught to swim.这份报告呼吁给所有的儿童教授游泳。
The law is in urgent need of reform.
这项法律亟待修订。
【提示】　urge后跟从句时，从句需用虚拟语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )气，即should＋动词原形，其中should可省略。与之用法相同的单词可用以下口诀表示：一坚持insist；二命令order，command；三建议suggest，advise，propose；四要求desire，demand，require，request。
完成句子
①The vacation is drawing near and I ______________________ (有去旅游的冲动)．
②On March 11,20 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )11，an extremely big earthquake hit the Northeastern areas of Japan.The disaster area is
________________________(急需援助)．
【答案】　①have an urge to travel　②in urgent need of aid
单项填空
③The captain urged that the mission ________ before dark.
A．must be finished B．be finished
C．ought to be finished D．was finished
【解析】　urge后跟宾语从句时要用虚拟语气，即(should＋)do，mission与finish之间为动宾关系，故选B。
【答案】　B
9．abandon vt.遗弃；抛弃；放弃；(使)沉湎于 n．放任；放纵
From James's face ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us.(教材P21)
从詹姆斯的脸上，我能看出他害怕被我们遗弃。
Jackson has abandoned his old car.
杰克逊把他那辆旧车扔了。
People were shouting and cheering with abandon.
人们兴高采烈，纵情欢呼。
①abandon sth.放弃某物
abandon oneself to沉湎于……
②in/with abandon放肆地；恣意地
③abandoned adj.被遗弃的；放荡的
Nowadays many students abandon themselves to playing computer games.
如今，好多学生都沉溺于电脑游戏。
He abandoned his wife and children.
他遗弃了妻子和孩子。
abandon/desert/quit/give up
abandon 指不得已而遗弃、放弃人或事物。
desert 强调故意逃避应尽的义务和职责，违背誓言，有责难之意。
quit 指“放弃，退出，离开”，多指突然或不情愿放弃，也有“中止；离职，辞职”的意思。
give up 为常用词，多用于口语，与abandon同义。
Never desert a friend in need.
决不要抛弃有困难的朋友。
My father has quit smoking.我父亲已戒烟了。
I can't answer that puzzle；I give up.
我猜不出这个谜语，我认输了。
用abandon，desert，give up或quit的适当形式填空
①Don't ________ yourself to this kind of pleasure.
②The village was ________ because of the flood.
③He ________ smoking and drinking finally.
④My daughter ________ the idea of going abroad.
【答案】　①abandon　②abandoned　③gave up/quit
④gave up/quit
完成句子
⑤The young man does nothing but ____________________(沉溺于)pleasure.
⑥There was ____________(一个弃婴)by the road.
【答案】　⑤abandon himself to　⑥an abandoned baby
10．It_took_ove ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r_half_an_hour_to_get the boat back to James，...(教材P21)我们花了半个多小时才把船头调向詹姆斯，……
本句中画线部分属于It takes(sb.) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )some time to do sth.“某人花费一段时间干某事”句型，其中it为形式主语，动词不定式短语为真正的主语。
It took the workers o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne and a half years to build the teaching building.
工人们建这座教学楼用了一年半的时间。
It takes about two hours to get there from here by bus.
乘公共汽车从这儿去那儿花大约两个小时的时间。
“某人花费一段时间干某事”的另一种表达方式：
sb.spends some time (in) doing sth.
sb.spends some time on sth.
He spent three years (in) learning English in England.
他花了三年的时间在英国学英语。
I spent two days on the case.
做这个案子花了我两天的时间。
完成句子
①他花很多时间看电视。
He ________________ TV.
②步行上学要花我半个小时。
It ________________ school on foot.
【答案】　①spends a lot of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )time (in) watching　②takes me half an hour to go to
11．help(...)out帮助(某人)摆脱困境或危难
What evidence w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as there that Old Tom was helping the whalers out？(教材P21)
有什么证据能说明老汤姆帮助捕鲸者摆脱险境？
Nobody helped me out when I lost my job.
在我失业的时候没人帮助我。
He often helps his mother out with the housework.
他经常帮助妈妈做家务。
help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事
help sb.with sth.帮助某人做某事
can't help but do sth.不得不做某事
can't help doing sth.忍不住做某事
cannot help (to) do sth.不能帮忙做某事
help oneself to sth.随便取；随便用
My sister often helps me with my English.
我姐姐经常帮我学英语。
I cannot help but admi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re his courage，strength and competence.我不得不赞赏他的勇敢、力量和能力。
She could not help laughing.她禁不住笑了起来。
用help的相关短语完成句子
①Please______________(随便吃)some fish.
②She ____________(忍不住哭了)hearing the sad news.
③My sister often __________________(帮我学数学)．
④I __________________(不能不认为)he is lying，so I __________________(不能帮忙做)it.
【答案】　①help yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urself to　②couldn't help crying　③helps me with/(to) study my maths　④can't help but think；can't help (to) do
Period ⅢLearning about Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
1．熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
2．通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
3．通过对语法的教学，让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够熟练掌握 v． ing 形式的被动式的用法。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生一些相关例子，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上堂课所布置的作业，检查学生对学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“要点讲练(见学案第40页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。

让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第41页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　
老师对语法部分给予点拨。让学生掌握 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本单元语法知识。 让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第41页)。 师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。

布置作业。让学生完成课本第23页1、2、3题，预习学案Period Ⅳ (见学案第42页)。 自我评估(见学案第42页)。　　
target n．目标；靶；受批评的对象
First，not only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) target fish are caught in the net，but many other sea animals are found hanging there.(教材P23)
首先，不仅仅要捕的鱼被困在网内，许多别的海洋动物也被发现挂在网上。
My suggestion became the target of criticism.
我的建议成了批评的对象。
①meet a target达到目标
set a target设定目标
aim at the target瞄准目标
hit/miss the target中/脱靶
②target vt.把……当做批评对象；以……为攻击目标；把……对准
target sth.on/at 把……对准
He missed the target somehow.不知怎么地他脱靶了。
The campaign is clearly targeted at the young.
这个宣传计划是针对青年人的。
完成句子
①They have ____________________(设定目标)of developing 200 new members.
②Not many provin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ces will______________________(实现他们的目标)for energy conservation.
③The magazine ____________________(以年轻女性作为对象)．
【答案】　①set a target　②meet their targets　③targets young women
单项填空
④The school advise ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs help you talk through your problems but they don't give you any direct ________.
A．solution　　　　　　B．target
C．measure D．function
【解析】　考查名词词义。soluti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on“解决，解答”；target“目标；靶子”；measure“措施”；function“功能”。由句意可知A项正确。
【答案】　A
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子。体会动词 ing的被动形式
1．I had already h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eard that George didn't like being_kept_waiting，so even though I didn't have the right clothes on，I raced after him.
2．As we drew close ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r，I could see a whale being_attacked by a pack of about six other killers.
3．Being_badly_wounded，the whale soon died.
4．I could see he was terrified of being_abandoned by us.
5．It took over ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lf an hour to get the boat back to James，and when we approached him，I saw James being_firmly_held_up in the water by Old Tom.
[自我总结]　当动词 ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的________时就要用动词 ing形式的被动语态，它的常见形式是________。
【答案】　承受者；being done
复习动词 ing的被动形式
一、动词 ing被动形式的构成、用法
形式 用法
一般式 being done 被动的动作正在进行或与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生
完成式 having beendone 被动的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前
He could not bear being made fun of like that.
他受不了人家那样开他的玩笑。
Having been ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )invited，Mr.Li went there to give a speech though he was busy.
李先生受邀去那儿作演讲，尽管很忙，但他还是去了。
二、动词 ing被动形式的句法功能
1．作主语
Being punished by the headmaster made Jim unhappy.
受到校长的惩罚使吉姆很不高兴。
2．作宾语
I don't like being laughed at in public.
我不喜欢当众被人嘲笑。
3．作表语
What made his ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) parents happy was his being admitted to a famous university.
让他父母高兴的是他被名牌大学录取了。
4．作宾语补足语
I saw him being taken away by the police.
我看见他被警察带走了。
5．作定语
The World Cup be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing held in South Africa attracts the eyes from every corner of the world.
正在南非举行的世界杯吸引了世界各地的注意力。
6．作状语
Being repaired now，the car can't be used.
因为正在修理，所以车现在不能用。
三、动词 ing被动形式的否定形式在其前加not
He was unhappy fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r not having been invited to the party.没有被邀请参加聚会，他感到很不高兴。
Not having made preparations，they failed.
因为没有准备，他们失败了。
四、动词 ing的主动形式表达被动意义
1．在deserve，need，re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )quire，want等词之后，总是用动词 ing的主动形式表达被动意义，相当于“to be＋过去分词”。
The radio needs repairing.
＝The radio needs to be repaired.
这台收音机需要修理了。
2．be worth后也常跟动词 ing的主动形式表达被动意义。
The book is worth reading again.
＝The book is worthy of being read again.
＝The book is worthy to be read again.
这本书值得再读一遍。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·江苏高考)Shor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly after suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins，the city took on a new look.
A．reducing　　　　　　B．reduced
C．being reduced D．having reduced
【解析】　句意：在遭受大地震，沦为废墟 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )之后不久，这座城市就呈现出了新的面貌。shortly after在……之后不久，引导时间状语。after在此可视为介词，后接动名词作其宾语。根据短语reduce the city to ruins(使城市沦为废墟)可知，逻辑主语the city与reduce构成被动关系，排除A、D两项；而and连接两个并列成分，根据suffering from a massive earthquake and ________ to ruins中suffering的形式，可确定答案为being reduced。
【答案】　C
2．________ many times，he finally understood it.
A．Told B．Telling
C．Having told D．Having been told
【解析】　句意：说过很多遍后他才 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )理解。tell与主语之间的关系是被动和完成的关系，所以用having been done 来表示被动和完成。
【答案】　D
3．I still remember________to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
A．to take B．to be taken
C．taking D．being taken
【解析】　考查非谓语动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的用法。remember后接v. ing形式作宾语时，表示非谓语动词的动作已经发生过了；后接动词不定式作宾语时，表示动作还未发生。根据后文的saw可知此处非谓语动词的动作已经发生过，且与主语I是被动关系，所以应该使用v. ing形式的被动结构。
【答案】　D
4．I saw her________to write by her mother.
A．being taught B．having taught
C．to be taught D．having been taught
【解析】　句意：我看见她妈妈正在教她写字 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。see sb.doing sth.“看见某人正在做某事”，为固定搭配；且此处是“被教”，故选A项。
【答案】　A
5．Research________out by several experts suggests that the oil spill in the Gulf has caused the fatal damage to the environment.
A．to carry B．carrying
C．being carried D．having carried
【解析】　句意：由几位专家正在进 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行的研究表明海湾石油泄露已对周围环境造成了致命损害。现在分词短语的被动式being carried out在此作定语，修饰research，carry out与research为动宾关系。
【答案】　C
6．________to work overtime that evening，I missed a wonderful film.
A．Having been asked B．To ask
C．Having asked D．To be asked
【解析】　考查非谓语动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：我那天晚上因为被要求加班而错过了一场精彩的电影。非谓语动词和逻辑主语I之间是被动关系，且所表达的动作发生在谓语动词missed之前，故应用现在分词的完成被动形式。having been asked既表被动，又表完成，在句中作原因状语；to ask表主动和目的；having asked表完成和主动；to be asked表被动和目的。故选A。
【答案】　A
7．________ arou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd the Tianan' men Square，the tourists from Iceland were taken to visit the Palace Museum.
A．Showing B．Having shown
C．Being shown D．Having been shown
【解析】　句意：被领着参观了天 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )安门广场以后，这些来自冰岛的游客又被带去参观故宫博物院。tourists与show之间为动宾关系，且show这一动作发生在take之前，故用现在分词的完成被动式。
【答案】　D
8．________ the pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ogramme，they have to stay there for another two weeks.
A．Not completing B．Not completed
C．Not having completed D．Having not completed
【解析】　句意：由于没有完成这一项目，他 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )们不得不再在那里待上两周的时间。分词的否定式是在分词前加not，complete这一动作发生在句子谓语动词表示的动作之前，故选C。
【答案】　C
9．She doesn't like Mrs.Smith，so she always avoids ________ with her.
A．to leave alone B．being left alone
C．being left behind D．to be left alone
【解析】　句意：她不喜欢史密斯夫 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人，因此她总是避免单独留下和她在一起。avoid后跟v. ing形式作宾语，且she与leave alone之间为动宾关系，故选B。选项C与句意不符。
【答案】　B
10．Shanghai is the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )first city in the world ________ a highspeed Maglev train，from the city to Pudong Airport.
A．to build B．to be built
C．to have built D．to have been built
【解析】　句意：上海是世界上第一个建高速磁悬浮列车的城市，从上海到浦东机场。动词不定式作定语，该事已发生，故要用不定式的完成式。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.用括号里所给动词的适当形式填空
1．I still remember ________(take)to Paris when I was ten.
2．____________(show)around the lab，we were taken to the library.
3．Afraid of ____________(attack)by sharks，people dare not go swimming in the sea.
4．The bridge ____________(build)now will be completed in two weeks.
5．The little g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )irl was really terrified of ________(leave)alone in that dark house.
6．What worri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed the child most was his ________(not allow)to visit his mother in the hospital.
7．While we're develo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ping industry and agriculture，we must prevent the earth ____________(pollute)．
8．She is busy in ____________(do)her homework.
9．____________(expo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se)to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one's skin.
10．It is fun ____________(take)to see the Water Cube and the Bird's Nest.
【答案】　1.being tak ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en　2.Having been shown　3.being attacked　4.being built　5.being left　6.not being allowed　7.being polluted　8.doing　9.Being exposed　10.being taken
Period ⅣUsing Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
掌握本课文中的词汇，理解课文，熟练掌握用英语表达 “责备和抱怨”的用法，了解“海底世界、海洋生物”并就“海底世界”的话题进行英语表达。
1．掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
2．理解课文。
3．听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
4．能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
5．掌握投诉信的写作技巧。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是作者的一次海 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )底漫游，给我们展示了一个奇妙的海底世界，让我们看到了多姿多彩的海洋生物。目的在于激发学生探索海洋和保护海洋的意识。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
海底世界比我们想象的更加丰富多彩， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 并且与我们的生活密切相关，那么同学们对海底世界有多少了解呢？ 下面我们就通过对本文的学习，进一步了解一下海底世界的情况。
●教学流程设计
检查上节课所布置作业。 导入新课。 学生快速阅读课文(见课本第24页)并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。

学生共同讨论。师生统一答案。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“课前自主导学”部分(见学案第42页)。 学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第43 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页)。 学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生完成“情景交际”部分(见学案第45页)。

自我评估(见学案第46页)。 学生完成“写 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作提升”部分(见学案第46页)。 老师指导学生共同找出答案。讲解本单元交际话题，并从高考命题角度来分析本交际话题。
　　　　
让学生做“课时作业”。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第47页)和Workbook 第63页Using words and Expressions第1、2、3题，第64页 Using structures第1、2题。
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P24课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The corals were fant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )astic－they were shaped like various things，such as fans，plates，mushrooms and so on.(　　)
2．The fish seemed to welcome the author's swimming among them.(　　)
3．There were so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me big fish that cleaned the bodies of smaller fish.(　　)
4．The author liked to get close to eels with strong sharp teeth.(　　)
5．Although the shark ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s were not dangerous，the author still felt scared to death for a moment.(　　)
6．Compared to the ocean，a human being is nothing but a tiny spot.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.F　3.F　4.F　5.T　6.T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P24课文，选择最佳答案
1．The writer first became aware of ________.
A．all the animals that he saw
B．all the vivid colours surrounding him
C．all the pictures he took
2．The corals were fantastic because of ________.
A．its different shapes
B．its different colours
C．its beautiful voices
3．What astonished the writer was that the small fish ________.
A．could eat sharks
B．dared to get inside the mouths of larger fish to clean their teeth
C．feared no animals in the sea
4．What was hanging upside down in the sea according to the text
A．The orange and white anemonefish.
B．The yellow spotted red sea slug.
C．The yellow and green parrotfish.
5．In the diary，the author mainly wants to tell us that ________.
A．what he saw in the sea
B．how the fish eat in the sea
C．the vivid colors in the sea
【答案】　1－5　BABCA
1．I'm sitting in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the warm night air with_a_cold_drink_in_my_hand and reflecting on the day－a day of pure magic！(教材P24)我坐在温暖的夜空下，手里拿着一瓶冷饮，回忆着当天的故事——这真是神奇的一天！
(1)本句中画线部分为“w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith复合结构”，即“with＋宾语＋宾补”；其中a cold drink为宾语，in my hand为宾补；该结构在句中作伴随状语。with复合结构在句中常作状语和定语。
Who is the woman with a baby in her arms
怀里抱着小孩的那个妇女是谁？
The teacher came in with some papers in his hand.
老师进来了，手里拿着一些试卷。
with＋宾语＋
She likes to sleep with the window open.
她爱开着窗户睡觉。
We lived in a village with a river around.
我们住在一个村子里，村外有条小河流过。
With nothing to do，he went out for a walk.
由于没有什么事要做，他便到外边去散步。
【提示】　当分词作宾语补足语时，若分词与前面的宾语之间为主谓关系，用现在分词；若为动宾关系，用过去分词。
With the problem settled，we went on smoothly.
由于问题得到解决，我们进展顺利。
With a local guide leading the way，we got there easily.
由当地向导领路，我们很容易到了那儿。
完成句子
①He's used to sleeping____________________(睁着眼睛)．
②____________________(汤姆走了)，we've got more room.
③____________________(任务完成了)，they went home separately.
④____________________(如果有志愿者引导我们)，we'll go on a tour of the city easily.
【答案】　①with his eyes open　②With Tom away
③With their task finished　④With a volunteer to guide us
(2)reflect vi.思考 vt.映射；反射；思考
Lucy sat refle ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cting on how much had changed since she had bought the shop.露西坐着，在思考自从她买下这个商店以来发生了多少变化。
Can you see the trees reflected in the window
你看到窗上映出的树影么？
①reflect sb./sth.in sth.(指镜子等)映出某人/物的影像
reflect sth.from sth.从某物(表面)反射(光、热、声等)
reflect on/upon sth.思考某事
②reflection n．反射；反照；反映；映像；沉思，深思
be lost in reflection 陷入沉思中
I reflected on possible reasons for my failure.
我仔细思索导致我失败的可能原因。
She was lost in reflection on her future.
她为自己的未来而陷入深思之中。
【助记】
三图巧解“reflect”
【对接高考】
(2010·湖北高考)Just as th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e clothes a person wears，the food he eats and the friends with whom he spends his time，his house ________ his personality.
A．resembles　　　　　　B．strengthens
C．reflects D．shapes
【解析】　考查动词词义辨析。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )句意：正如一个人穿的、吃的以及和他一起玩的朋友一样，他的房子也能反映出他的个性。resemble相似；strengthen加强；reflect反映；shape形成。由句意可知C项正确。
【答案】　C
完成句子
⑤The mountains________________(倒映在)the still water of the lake.
⑥A man's action ______________(反映出他的思想)．
【答案】　⑤are reflected in　⑥reflects his thoughts
2．The first thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng I became_aware_of was all the vivid colours surrounding me－purples，reds，oranges，yellows，blues and greens.(教材P24)
我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩——紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色。
(1)be/become aware of对……知道，明白；意识到
He wasn't aware of the danger.他没有察觉到危险。
①be/become aware of 对……知道；明白；意识到
be/become aware that...知道/体会到……
as/so far as I am aware 据我所知
②awareness n. 意识；知道
③unaware adj. 未意识到的；不知道的
Are you aware that you have hurt her feeling
你有没有察觉到你已经伤害她的感情了？
There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful.
人们普遍意识到吸烟有害健康。
①The public ________ of the environmental problem will make the government take it seriously.
A．existence B．revolution
C．awareness D．evidence
【解析】　句意：公众对环境问题的了 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )解将使得政府认真对待这一问题。existence存在；revolution革命；awareness意识；evidence证据。结合句意可知选C。
【答案】　C
(2)vivid adj.生动的；鲜明的；鲜艳的；丰富的
This is a vivid picture of life in the fields.
这是田野生活的生动写照。
She was wearing vivid green dress for the party.
她身穿鲜艳的绿色连衣裙参加晚会。
He gave a vivid descr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iption of this event as if he were there.他生动地描述了这个事件，好像他当时在场。
vividly adv.生动地
vividness n．生动；逼真
②Steve's descript ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ion of the place was so ________ that I could almost picture it in my mind.
A．bitter B．vivid
C．sensitive D．courageous
【解析】　考查形容词辨析。句意：Ste ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve把那个地方描述得如此生动，以至于我差不多在脑海里把它想象出来了。注意picture在句中作动词，意为“想象”。bitter有苦味的，辛酸的；vivid生动的，栩栩如生的；sensitive敏感的，灵敏的；courageous勇敢的。根据语意可知B项正确。
【答案】　B
③To be an invent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or，one needs profound knowledge as well as a very ________ imagination.
A．vivid B．bright
C．living D．colourful
【解析】　句意：要成为一个发明家，一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个人需要丰富的想象力和渊博的知识。本题应选答案A。vivid意为“活跃的，生动的”，常用于修饰imagination，是很地道的英语。living是“活着的”意思，colourful意为“多彩的”，与vivid相比，都不是符合习惯用法的搭配。
【答案】　A
3．narrow adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的
...as I explored small caves，shelves and narrow passages...(教材P24)
……当我探索小石洞、暗礁和狭窄通道的时候……
The road was too narrow for cars to pass.
路太窄了，车辆过不去。
He only had a narrow circle of friends then.
那时他只有有限的几个朋友。
He has a narrow mind.他心胸狭窄。
①a narrow escape九死一生
a narrow victory险胜
a narrow majority微弱的多数
a narrow defeat勉强击败
narrow minded心胸狭窄的
in a narrow sense在狭义上
②narrow vt.使变窄，使缩小
narrow down缩小……的范围
③narrowly adv.勉强地；狭隘地；小心地
④narrows n．海峡；江峡；(江河等)狭窄处
The children have a narrow escape in the earthquake.
这些孩子们在地震中幸免于难。
The car narrowly missed a cyclist.
汽车差点儿撞上一位骑自行车的人。
The final sco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re of the basketball match was 93∶94.We were only ________ beaten.
A．nearly B．slightly
C．narrowly D．lightly
【解析】　本题考查副词的意义与用法。句意：这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )场篮球赛的最终比分为93∶94，我们只是以微弱的劣势落败。nearly“几乎，差不多，将近”；slightly“轻微地”，常用来表示程度；lightly“轻轻地，轻微地”，均不符合题意。narrowly“勉强地”，符合句意。
【答案】　C
4．upside down 上下翻转
...the yellow and g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )reen parrotfish was hanging upside down，and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird like mouth...(教材P24)
……黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用它那像鸟嘴一样的硬嘴从珊瑚上吸吮微小的植物……
The naughty child is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )always turning everything in the room upside down.
这个淘气的孩子老是把房间的东西搞得乱七八糟。
turn...upside down把……弄得乱七八糟
inside out 里外颠倒
He wore the sweatshirt inside out.
他把运动衫穿反了。
Everything in the room was turned upside down.
室内的一切都被弄得乱七八糟。
完成句子
①把蛋糕翻过来，再抹上奶油。
____________ and cover it with cream.(turn)
②我的生活被这场疾病弄得乱七八糟。
My life ____________ by the disease.(turn)
【答案】　①Turn the cake upside down　②has been turned upside down
5．sharp adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的adv.准时地；(时刻……)整
There were other creat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ures that I didn't want to get too close to－an eel with its strong sharp teeth，with only its head showing from a hole，watching for a tasty fish(or my tasty toe！)．..(教材P24)
还有一些其他的动物，我不想太靠近它们— ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—一条带有坚固锋利牙齿的鳗鱼，只是把头从石洞里伸出来，望着可供美餐的鱼过来(或者在等着我美味的脚趾伸过去)……
The sword is very sharp.这把剑很锋利。
It's very sharp of you to see that.
你能看到那一点，很有洞察力。
He got home at seven sharp.
他在7点整到家。
sharpen vt.磨快；使锐利
sharpener n．磨具；卷笔刀
sharply adv.锐利地；严厉地；苛刻地
【助记】
If your pencil isn't sharp，you need a pencil sharpener to sharpen it.
如果你的铅笔不够尖的话，你需要一个卷笔刀削一削它。
【教师备课资源】
在有些形容词的前面或后面加en可以变为动词。如：
large大→enlarge使变大；扩大
rich富的→enrich使变富
soft软的→soften使软化
hard硬的→harden硬化
【对接高考】
(2011·福建高考)N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owadays，there is a ________ increase in children's creativity，for they are greatly encouraged to develop their talents.
A．sharp B．slight
C．natural D．modest
【解析】　考查形容词词义辨析。句意：现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在，孩子的创造性有明显的增长，因为他们被大大地鼓励发展他们的才能。sharp锋利的，突然的，灵敏的，明显的；slight轻微的，微小的；natural自然的；modest谦虚的。由句意知选A。
【答案】　A
完成句子
①让孩子手拿锋利的刀子是很危险的。
It's dangerous for a child to hold ____________.
②她脑子敏捷，口齿伶俐。
She has got a ________ and ________.
【答案】　①a sharp knife　②sharp mind；a sharp tongue
6．Then there w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere two grey reef sharks，each_about_one_and_a_half_metres_long，which suddenly appeared from behind some coral.(教材P24)
然后有两条约1.5米长的灰色的珊瑚鲨突然从珊瑚礁后面游了出来。
句中画线部分为“独立主格结构”，独立主格结构在句中常作状语。
名词/代词＋形容词/副词/介词短语/现在分词/过去分词/动词不定式。
实际上，独立主格结构和w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith复合结构的构成相似，with复合结构中去掉with，一般情况下就成了独立主格结构。独立主格结构只能作状语，而with复合结构除作状语外，还可作定语。
The meeting over，we all went home.
会议结束后，我们都回家了。
The old man sat in the sofa，his face serious.
老人坐在沙发上，面容严肃。
Time permitt ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing，we'd better have a rest this weekend.如果时间允许，我们本周末最好休息一下。
①(2013·泰安高二质检)The thie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f fell to the ground，his left foot________and blood________down from his mouth.
A．breaking；running B．broken；running
C．breaking；run D．broken；run
【解析】　考查独立主格结构。句意：小偷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )摔在地上，摔伤了左脚，血从他的嘴里流了出来。foot和break之间是动宾关系，故第一空用过去分词；blood和run是主谓关系，故第二空用现在分词。
【答案】　B
②The children went hom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e from the grammar school，their lessons________for the day.
A．finishing B．finished
C．had finished D．were finished
【解析】　考查独立主格结构 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：一天的课程结束后，孩子们从文法学校回家了。finish与their lessons之间是动宾关系，且此处表示动作已完成，所以用过去分词短语。
【答案】　B
7．scare vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓 n．惊恐
I told myself ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) they weren't dangerous but that didn't stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment！(教材P24)
我自言自语地说它们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的恐惧心情！
I didn't mean to scare her.
我并没有存心要惊吓她。
That car only just missed me—it gave me a real scare!
那辆汽车差一点就撞着我——真把我吓了一大跳！
He was nearly scared to death by the strange noise.
他差点被那奇怪的声音吓死。
①scare sb.into doing sth.威胁，恐吓(某人做某事)
scare sb.off使某人害怕
②scared adj.害怕的，被吓呆了的
be/feel scared to death 吓得要死
be scared of sb./sth.(＝be afraid of sb./sth.)
害怕某人/某事
be scared to do sth.(＝be afraid to do sth.)
害怕做某事
③scaring adj. 令人害怕的；吓人的
Some parents try to sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are their children into behaving well.有些父母试图用吓唬的法子使孩子守规矩。
—I'm scared to fly in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a plane－scared that it might crash.我怕坐飞机——因为怕它会坠毁。
完成句子
①Some people ____________________(晕血)．
②Most girls______________________(害怕一个人出去)at night.
③The terrible sound ____________________(把她吓得要死)last night.
【答案】　①are scared of b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lood　②are scared to go out alone　③scared her to death
8．The water was quite ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) shallow but where the reef ended，there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.(教材P24)海水很浅，但是到了珊瑚礁的尽头，就有一个陡坡，一直下降到满是沙子的海底。
本句中画线部分是一个重点句型，即“where...，there be...”，意为“在……的地方，就有……”。
Where the road exists，there are human beings.
有路的地方，就有人存在。
Where there is water，there is life.
有水就有生命。
完成句子
①____________(有爱的地方)，there is hope.
②You will find him ____________(在需要他的地方)．
【答案】　①Where there is love　②where he is needed
表示“责备和抱怨(Blame and complaint)”的常用交际用语有：
I'm sorry but...对不起……
I'm afraid...我恐怕……
That's not good enough.那不够好。
I'm feeling annoyed with/unhappy about/unsatisfied with...
我对……感觉很困扰/不高兴/不满意
I'm not happy about/satisfied with...
我对……不高兴/不满意。
I'd like to talk to the manager.我想要和经理谈谈。
I'd like a (full) refund，please.我想退款。
That's no good for me.那对我不好。
You should do something about it.
关于这件事你应该做点事。
He is to blame.他该受到责备。
She blamed him for coming home late.
她因为他回家晚而责备他。
What do you mean by doing so？你这么做什么意思？
How could you cheat your teacher
你怎么能欺骗你老师呢？
He shouldn't have done it.你不该做这件事。
Why didn't you tell me the truth
你为什么不告诉我真相？
I hate to have to say this，but it's too noisy here.
我很讨厌这么说，但这里实在太吵了。
完成句子
1．A：你怎么能做这种傻事呢？
A：____________ such a foolish thing
B：我真的很抱歉。
B：I'm really sorry.
2．A：你就不能严肃点吗？
A：____________ for once
B：对不起。
B：Sorry。
3．A：我真讨厌等人。
A：I really ____________.
B：对不起。刚才我有点急事。
B：I'm sorry.I had something urgent just now.
【答案】　1.How can you do　2.Can't you be serious　3.hate waiting
投诉(抱怨)信
投诉信也叫抱怨信，是投诉者因对所购买 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的某种商品或某项服务不能达到自己的要求而向有关部门或个人写的正式信件。在信中要写出自己的不满意之处，也可提供一些解决方案，希望相关部门或个人采取一定的合理措施帮助解决。
1．投诉信的结构
投诉信一般分为三个部分：
开头段：提出投诉内容。说明与收件人的关系，点出写作的意图。
主体段：说明具体情况。写明投诉的原因、问题的经过及产生的后果。
结束段：提出解决办法。表达希望上述问题得到尽快解决的强烈愿望，对于有关人员做出的努力表示感谢，并希望尽快得到满意的答复。
2．确定文体、时态、人称。
(1)文体：投诉信。
写投诉信要语气坚定，要证明责任确实在对方；最后要明确问题出在哪儿及你的具体要求，还可说明由此给你带来的不便或伤害，以加强投诉的力量。
(2)文体时态：主要使用一般过去时，兼用一般现在时态。
(3)文体人称：第一人称
3．常用表达句型
①I feel sorry to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rouble you but I am afraid I have to make a complaint about...
②There are so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me problems with...that I wish to bring to your attention.
③I am writing to ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )press my concern/dissatisfaction/disappointment about...
④To improve the situa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion/solve the problem，it is advisable for you to take the following measures.
⑤I would like to have this matter settled by the end of...
⑥We trust that you wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll now consider this matter seriously and make an effort to prevent the recurrence of this kind.
⑦I'll be very thankful if you can consider my suggestion.
⑧Thank you for your time and kind consideration.
假设你是李华，上个星期天去市图书馆看书时发现了一些问题。请根据下列提示，用英语给馆长写一封信，反映情况。
1．新书太少；
2．书架上的书比较混乱；
3．阅览室的一盏灯坏了，桌椅有些也被损坏；
4．管理员工作时彼此闲聊，读者无法安静看书。
注意：1.词数：120～150；
2．可适当增加细节，使行文连贯；
3．信的开头和结尾已经为你写好，不计入总词数。
Dear Sir，
Last Sunday，I went to do some reading in your library.
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
[思路点拨]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手，在开头语先提出投诉内容；第二段反映图书馆的情况，最后一段对读者提出建设或发出倡导。
[词汇热身]　
1．表达某人的看法________________
2．以合适的顺序分类________________
3．集中精力于________________
4．也；又________________
5．尽可能快地________________
6．对……有益 ______________
【答案】　1.expres ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s/voice one's opinion　2.sort...in proper order　3.concentrate on　4.as well as　5.as soon as possible　6.benefit/be beneficial to
[句式温习]　
1．因此我想说出自己的意见，希望这会对你管理图书馆有帮助。
Therefore，____________，hoping it will ________ for you to manage the library.
2．首先，书架上新书很少，而且大多数书在今天已经不受欢迎了。
First，there ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are not ________ books on the shelves，and most of them ________ today.
3．第二，一些书并没有按照合适的顺序进行分类，这让读者很难快速找到想要的书。
Second，some books are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )not ________，________ for readers to find what they want quickly.
4．因此，作为一个读者，我建议您尽快作出一些必要的调整，以使图书馆让更多的人受益。
So，as a reader，I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) suggest that you make some necessary changes ____________ so that the library can benefit more people.
【答案】　1.I'd like to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )voice my opinion；be of help　2.enough new；are not popular　3.sorted in proper order，making it difficult　4.as soon as possible
[连句成篇]　
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Sir，
Last Sunday，I went to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) do some reading in your library.I found something unpleasant.Therefore，I'd like to voice my opinion，hoping it will be of help for you to manage the library.
First，there are not e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nough new books on the shelves，and most of them are not popular today.Second，some books are not sorted in proper order，making it difficult for readers to find what they want quickly.Third，the assistants don't offer good service.They are chatting while the readers are reading quietly，which makes it difficult for readers to concentrate on books.Moreover there is something wrong with one of the lights as well as some desks and chairs.As it is，I am afraid there will be fewer and fewer readers.
So，as a reader，I sug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gest that you make some necessary changes as soon as possible.So that the library can benefit more people.
Yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ vt.当场见到；目击 n．目击者；证人；证据
2．________ n．住所；住宿
3．________ prep.在……对面 adj.相对的；相反的
4．________ vi.大叫；呼喊 n．叫声；喊声
5．________ vi.& n．暂停；中止
6．________ n．协作；配合
7．________ vi.& n．跳水(的动作)；潜水(的动作)；俯冲
8．________ vi.(fled，fled)逃避；逃跑 vt.逃离
9．________ vt.拖；拉；扯
10．________ n．深(度)；深处
11．________ n．一片嘴唇；(容器或洞的)边，口
12．________ vt.催促；极力主张；驱策
13．________ n．目标；靶；受批评的对象
14．________ n．潮(汐)；潮水；潮流
15．________ adj.& n．灰色(的)
16．________ vt.恐吓 vi.受惊吓
17．________ adj.浅的；肤浅的；浅显的
18．________ adj.狭窄的；有限的；狭隘的
19．________ vt.& vi.吮吸
20．________ adj.锐利的；锋利的；敏捷的
21．________ adj.陡峭的
22．________ n．界限；分界线
23．________ adj.使人敬畏的；令人畏惧的
24．________ n．海豹；封条；印章
25．________ n．养老金；退休金
【答案】　1.witness　2.accommodation　3.opposite
4．yell　5.pause　6.teamwork　7.dive　8.flee　9.drag
10．depth　11.lip　12.urge　13.target　14.tide
15．grey　16.scare　17.shallow　18.narrow　19.suck
20．sharp　21.steep　22.boundary　23.awesome
24．seal　25.pension
B．词汇拓展
26．________adj.每年的；按年度计算的 n．年利；年鉴→________adv.每年；一年一度地
27．________ adj.整洁的→________ adv.整洁地，灵巧地
28．________ vt.拖；拉；扯→________adj.拖沓的
29．________ vt.放弃；遗弃；抛弃→________ adj.被丢弃的
30．________ vi.思考 vt.映射；反映→________ n．反映
31．________ adj.意识到的；知道的→________n．意识
【答案】　26.annual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；annually　27.neat；neatly　28.drag；draggy　29.abandon；abandoned　30.reflect；reflection　31.aware；awareness
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．____________ 举起；阻挡
2．____________ 帮助……摆脱困境或危难
3．____________ 对……知道；意识到
4．____________ 上下翻转
5．____________ 吓得要死
6．____________ sort out
7．____________ race after
8．____________ a pack of
9．____________ bring in
10．____________ in the meantime
【答案】　1.hold ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )up　2.help...out　3.be/become aware of　4.upside down　5.(be) scared to death　6.整理；分类；挑出　7.追赶　8.一群(野兽、飞禽等)　9.吸收；引进；赚得　10.在此期间；与此同时
B．用上面词组的适当形式填空
11．Have you ________where you're going to live yet
12．The plane turned over and flew ________.
13．It was several minutes before I ________ what was happening.
14．We've got ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to ________ more business if we want the restaurant to survive.
15．Organizing the sch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ool trip will be a lot of work，so I need some volunteers to ________.
16．I ________ at the sound of the yell.
【答案】　11.sorted out　12 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).upside down　13.was aware of　14.bring in　15.help out　16.was scared to death
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．There were oth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er creatures that I didn't want to get too close to－an eel with its strong sharp teeth，with_only_its_head_showing from a hole...
【句式仿写】　有这么优秀的老师教我们英语，我们没费劲就学得很好。
________________________________________________________________________
2．It_took_over_half_an_hour_to_get the boat back to James...
【句式仿写】　我花了两个多小时才赶到教堂。
________________________________________________________________________
3．I told myself the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y weren't dangerous but that didn't stop_me_from_feeling scared to death for a moment!
【句式仿写】　他的老板根本没有办法阻止他出国深造。
________________________________________________________________________
4．The water was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) quite shallow but where the reef ended，there_was a steep drop to the sandy ocean floor.
【句式仿写】　有污染的地方就有危害。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.With such an ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cellent teacher teaching us English，we had no trouble learning it well.　2.It took me more than 2 hours to arrive at the church.　3.His boss had no way to stop him from going abroad for further education.　4.Where there is pollution，there is harm.