【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语人教版选修八教师用书Unit 3　Inventors and inventions

Unit 3　Inventors and inventions
【美文阅读】　
Wireless charging for mobile phones by 2012
近日，日本的富士通公司宣布，他们开发出了一套能为手机等便携式电子设备无线充电的系统。
Fujitsu，a Japanese t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )echnology company，has created a system capable of simultaneously(同时地) charging many portable electronic devices such as mobile phones，digital cameras and laptops without the need for cable(电缆)connections.
Electric car users ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y also eventually be able to charge their vehicles wirelessly using the same technology according to Fujitsu，which displayed a model system at an Institute of Electronics，Information and Communication Engineers conference.
Claiming to be the wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rld's first of its kind，the technology works on the basis of the transmission of electricity using magnetic(磁的)fields between the charger and the electronic device.
The system ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kes it possible to charge wirelessly at distances of up to several meters，and Fujitsu aims to provide public “charging spots” on the streets in order to provide easy charging day and night.
Scientists at Fujit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )su Laboratories are planning to commercially sell products combining the new wireless charging system as early as 2012.
Mobile phone user ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s in Japan can currently charge their batteries using portable battery devices available at most train stations and convenience stores－although phone companies warn this can damage the phones.
The new system in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vented by Fujitsu，however，is much more advanced and represents the next generation of portable recharging systems using flexible wireless technology.The company added，“We are also looking at applying the results of this work to fields other than portable electronics，including power transmission between circuit boards(电路板) or computer chips，and providing mobile charging systems for electric cars.”
【诱思导学】　
1．How does the wireless charging technology work
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
【答案】　It works on the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asis of the transmission of electricity using magnetic fields between the charger and the electronic device.
2．When can co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nsumers probably buy products using the new wireless charging system
______________________________________________
【答案】　As early as 2012.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元的中心话题是“发明家与发明”。具体涉及“发明与发现的区别”、“发明产生的过程”和“申请发明专利的条件”。语言技能和语言知识都是围绕“发明”这一中心话题设计的。 本单元引导学生讨论这些话题，目的在于让学生们了解一些发明家和他们的发明创造，从而激励学生们努力学习早日为社会做出更大贡献。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
可以通过讨论教材第19页的图画引导学生了解这些发明或发现的过程和内容。培养学生热爱科学勇于探索的好习惯。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。 学生阅读“美文阅读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第39页)。 学生就“话题美文导读”进行讨论，统一答案。
学生再次阅读课文(见课本第 20－21 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页)并完成“语篇理解”(见学案第40页)。 师生共同讨论并统一答案。 让学生快速阅读课文，(见课本第 20－21 页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第40页)。
　　　　
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )后统一答案。 学生再次仔细阅读课文，(见课本第 20－21页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第40页)。 老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。

让学生根据所给出的表格进行自我评估 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )(见学案第41页)。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。 让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第40页)。
　　　　
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第20－21 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页并完成课本第21－22页1、2、3 题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第41页), 写一封求职信。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P20－21的Reading部分，然后完成下列表格
Why my mother was 1.________ Snakes came near t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he house 2.________，and seemed to have made their home not far from the walnut tree.
My first attempt I 3.________ resear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ching the habits of snakes to find the 4.________ way to 5.________ them.I decided to try cooling them，but failed.
My second attempt I froze the bow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l and ice cubes again，but 6.________ them where the snakes were living in the evening.The next morning the snakes were 7.________，but still able to bite.I failed again.
My third attempt I repeated the seco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd procedure，but this time I 8.________ a small fishing net 9.________ that the snakes would try to bite again.This time the snakes were passive.I collected them，took them to the wild，and set them free.
Result I sent an 10.________ to the Patent Office，wishing to patent my invention.
【答案】　1.upset　2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).now and then　3.set about　4.easiest　5.trap　6.placed　7.sleepy　8.held　9.in the expectation　10.application
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P20－21的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．The purpose in writing this passage is________.
A．to show us how to trap the snakes but not to kill them
B．to tell people how to apply for a patent of the writer's new idea
C．to introduce the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )writer's new idea of trapping the snakes and her application for a patent
2．What's the biggest advantage of the writer's new idea
A．It makes the snakes move slowly.
B．It makes the snakes hardly bite us.
C．It is easier for us to catch the snakes without killing them.
3．The snakes were finally caught by________.
A．hitting them with a stick
B．cooling them and catching them with a net
C．putting them into a schoolbag
4．You won't get a patent before you________.
A．make an invention
B．catch all the snakes
C．learn to operate a computer
5．According to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )text，which subject do you think can be given a patent
A．A new star discovered by a scientist.
B．A new novel written by Huo Da.
C．A new way to make dirty water clean.
【答案】　1－5　CCBAC
Ⅲ.课文缩写
When I 1.________ my mother on the phone she was very upset，because some snakes came near her house 2.________.I thought it was a chance for me to 3.________ myself by inventing something 4.________ that would get rid of the snakes.I 5.________ researching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.Finally I decided on three possible 6.________.My first two attempts both failed，so I had to improve my design again.To my great delight，this time I succeeded.All was in 7.________ and at last I collected the 8.________ snakes and 9.________ released them all back into the wild. Pressed by my friends and relations，I decided to 10.________ the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.
【答案】　1.called up　2.now and then　3.distinguish
4．merciful　5.set about　6.approaches　7.expectation
8．passive　9.merrily　10.seize
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．patent　　　　A．a specia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l document that gives you the right to make or sell a new invention or product
2．distinguish B．sudden and unexpected
3．perfume C．to re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cognize and understand the difference between two or more things or people
4．abrupt D．a sweet or pleasant smell
5．caution E．to take hold of something suddenly and violently
6．expectation F．a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )set of papers，records etc.that contain information about a particular person
7．seize G．the quality of being very careful to avoid danger or risks
8．file H．what you think or hope will happen
【答案】　1.A　2.C　3.D　4.B　5.G　6.H　7.E　8.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
apply for；decide on； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )call up；now and then；set about；pick up；work out；seize the opportunity；distinguish...from
1．We must ________ a plan acceptable to all as quickly as we can.
2．Having ________ a career in journalism，I wrote to all the major newspapers asking for an interview.
3．She ________ the telephone and dialed his number.
4．The new governme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt must ________ finding solutions to the country's economic problems.
5．He ________ his son，but there was no reply.
【答案】　1.work out　2.decided on　3.picked up　4.set about　5.called up
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．The first thing I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but there_only_seemed_to_be powders designed to kill snakes.
我所做的第一件事就是看看有没有现成的产品能帮助我，但是，看来只有一种毒杀蛇的药粉。
2．Only_after_y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou_have_had_that_recognition can you say that you are truly an inventor.只有在得到这种认可之后，你才可以说自己是一个真正的发明家。
3．The criteri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
(评定)专利标准非常严格，除非新想法真的很新颖，否则它们很难被接受。
4．Nor will you receiv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.直到你的产品被证实与其他任何人的都不同你才能获得专利。
Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的学习能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写求职信类的文章，并培养学生养成自觉用英语写作的好习惯，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起着至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
Have you ever invented ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) something in your daily life？Whose invention do you think has influenced our life greatly？Now I want to ask sb. to say something about his /her inventions or some inventions he thinks best.
●教学流程设计
老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案预 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第41页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
让学生再次阅读课文，(见课本 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第 20－21页)以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　
让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )6页)。 布置作业。让学生完成课本第21页第1、2、3题，“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第47页)。
1．call up给……打电话；使想起；回忆
When I called up my m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )other in the countryside on the telephone she was very upset. (教材P20)
当我打电话给乡下的母亲时，她显得焦躁不安。
The music calls up old times.
音乐让人回想起往日时光。
call back召唤某人回来；再访；回电话
call for需要；要求；接(人或物)
call in邀请；请来
call on拜访(人)；号召
call in on简短拜访
call at拜访(某地)
call off取消
　The government cal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ls on the youth to donate their blood voluntarily.政府号召青年义务献血。
He is ill；you should call in the doctor right away.
他病了，你应该立即请大夫来。
完成句子
①我昨晚给你打电话，但没人接。
I tried to ________ last night，but no one answered the phone.
②这张老照片勾起了我对童年的回忆。
This old photo ________ my childhood.
③比赛因大雨而被取消。
The game ________ due to the heavy rain.
④你回家时能顺便探望一下奶奶吗？
Could you ________ Grandma on your way home
【答案】　①call you up　②calls up memories of
③was called off　④call in on
2．now and then偶尔；有时(＝sometimes，but not often)
Snakes come near ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the house now and then，and they seem to have made their home here，not far from the walnut tree.(教材P20)蛇时不时地爬到屋边来，可见这几条蛇似乎是在胡桃树附近安家了。
We haven't seen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )each other for years，but we chat online now and then.我们已有多年未见过面了；但是我们有时会上网聊一聊。
I'd like to go to the cinema now and then.
我喜欢偶尔去看电影。
表示“有时、偶尔”的词语有：
(every) now and again　　from time to time
at times once in a while
occasionally a little now and a little then
　But once in a while，people decide to buy fewer cars.
但是，人们偶尔会减少汽车的购买量。
Every now and then a plane would take off.
不时会有一架飞机起飞。
【提示】　from time to time强调经常性；now and then等强调间歇性。
完成句子(按空格数填空)
①马西亚仍然不时地出现在电视上。
Marcia still appears on TV ________________________.
②小狗儿有时也会溜出去，但通常是待在院子里。
________________________________ the puppy ran away，but usually he stayed in the yard.
③我说英语有时出错。
________________I make mistakes when I speak English.
④我偶尔和他去看电影。
I ________go to the movies with him.
【答案】　①now and then/now and again
②Once in a while/From time to time
③At times　④occasionally/sometimes
3．Here was a chan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce for me to distinguish myself by inventing something merciful that would catch snakes but not harm them.(教材P20)
这回我有机会来表现一下自己，我要发明某种仁慈的东西，既可以把蛇抓住又不会伤害到它们。
(1)distinguish vt.& vi.显出……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
People who can not ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) distinguish between colours are said to be colour blind.不能辨别颜色的人称为色盲。
What was it that distinguished her from her classmates
是什么使得她有别于班上其他同学呢？
①distinguish oneself (as) (作为……)表现突出；
使自己与众不同；使自己成名
distinguish between...and...区分/辨别……和……
distinguish...from...使……有别于……；使……具有区别于……的特征
distinguish...by...以……为特征
②distinguished adj.卓越的；杰出的；著名的
③distinguishable adj.可区别的
④distinction n．区别
　She has already distinguished herself as an athlete.
作为运动员她已享有盛名。
At what age are chi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ldren able to distinguish between right and wrong？儿童到什么年龄才能明辨是非？
完成句子　
①你应学会明辨是非。
You should learn to ________ right ________ wrong.
②这对孪生儿长得很像，没有人能分辨得出哪个是哪个。
The twins are so alike that no one ________one ________the other.
【答案】　①distinguish between；and　②can distinguish；from
(2)merciful adj.宽大的；仁慈的
They asked him to be merciful to the prisoners.
他们要求他对犯人要以慈悲为怀。
①mercy n．仁慈，宽容
show/have mercy to sb.对某人仁慈
show no mercy to sb.对某人无情
at the mercy of任由……摆布，在……掌握中
It's a mercy...[口语]……真是幸运！
②mercifully幸运地；宽大地
　They were l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ost at sea at the mercy of wind and weather.他们在海上迷失，任由大风和天气摆布。
It's a mercy that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the accident happened so near the hospital.幸亏事故发生在离医院很近的地方。
单项填空
③Antonio was ________ that he even showed ________ to Shylock.
A．merciful；mercy　　　　　　　B．mercy；merciful
C．kindly；pitiful D．mercy；to mercy
【解析】　merciful adj.在句中作表语；show mercy to sb.为固定结构，“对某人仁慈”。
【答案】　A
4．The first ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thing I did was to see if there were any products that might help me，but_there_only_seemed_to_be powders designed to kill snakes.(教材P20)
我所做的第一件事就是看有没有什么产品能帮助我。但是，似乎只有用来毒死蛇的药粉能用。
(1)but连接两个并列分句。在第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个并列分句中，主干是The first thing...was to see...，I did是省略关系词的定语从句，修饰thing；if引导的是宾语从句，在这个宾语从句中，that might help me是定语从句，修饰products。在第二个并列分句中，过去分词短语designed to kill snakes作后置定语，修饰powders。
(2)there seemed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to be是there be句型的变体，表示“似乎有……”。there be句型中的be有时还可以换成其他表示“有，存在”的词，如：live，stand，lie，remain，appear，seem to be，come等。there be结构是一个看似简单但命题空间很大的知识点。
【提示】　在“there be.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).”句型中，be动词前可以加can，may，must，ought to，used to，happen to，seem to，appear to等情态动词或动词短语。
There happened to be no one in the room.
碰巧房间里没有人。
单项填空
①(2013·贵阳高二调研 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))________a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.
A．It has　　　　　　　B．They have
C．It remains D．There remains
【解析】　本题考查there be结构，这里用remains代替了is。
【答案】　D
完成句子
②过去这儿曾有一座庙。
________________ a temple here.
【答案】　There used to be
5．set about开始；着手(about是介词，其后常接名词或动名词)
I set about res ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )earching the habits of snakes to find the easiest way to trap them.(教材P20)我着手研究蛇的习性，以便能找到捕蛇的最简易的方法。
She set about the business of cleaning the house.
她动手打扫起房子来。
After the earthquake，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he people set about rebuilding their homes.地震过后，人们开始重建家园。
set out 出发，启程；开始
set off 出发；动身
be set in 以……为背景
set back 阻碍某事物发展；把(钟表指针)往回拨
set aside 留出；对……不予考虑
set down 记下；写下
set up 树立(榜样)；设立；创立
set free 释放；使……获得自由
　He set out to paint the whole house.
他着手给整幢房子上漆。
She set aside a little money each week for future use.
她每周省出一点钱以备将来使用。
【对接高考】
(2012·浙江高考)Armed w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ith the information you have gathered，you can________preparing your business plan.
A．set out B．set about
C．set off D．set up
【解析】　句意：有这些你 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所收集的信息，你可以着手(set about doing sth.)准备你的商业计划了。A选项表示“打算，着手”，其后常接不定式形式作宾语；C选项表示“出发，使爆炸”；D选项表示“建立，设立”。根据语意及空格后的preparing可确定选项。
【答案】　B
用适当的介词、副词填空
①She tries to set ________ some money every month.
②On receiving the assignment，we set ________ to work at once.
③I have set ________everything that happened.
④The girl attendant has set ________ cleaning the room.
【答案】　①aside　②out　③down　④about
6．They abrup ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tly disappeared into a convenient hole in the wall.(教材P20)
它们一下子就消失在墙壁附近的洞里了。
(1)abruptly adv.突然地，意外地；唐突地
The train stopped ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )abruptly，nearly tipping me out of my bunk.火车突然停住，我差点儿从床位上摔下来。
The interview ended abruptly.采访突然结束。
abrupt adj.突然的，意外的；粗鲁的，唐突的，生硬的
an abrupt turn 急转弯
in an abrupt manner 无礼的态度
an abrupt change 突然改变
　The abrupt change ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the weather resulted in heavy losses to the farmers.
突然的天气变化使得农民们损失惨重。
This road is full of many abrupt turns.
这条道路有许多急转弯。
She was very abrupt with me in our meeting.
在我们会面时，她跟我说话非常生硬。
完成句子
①举止粗鲁的人在这里不受欢迎。
A man ____________ is not welcome here.
单句改错
②Our discussion was abrupt stopped.
______________________________________________
【答案】　①with an abrupt manner　②abrupt→abruptly
(2)convenient adj.方便的；适宜的；合适的；在近处的；近便的
Will it be convenient for you to start work tomorrow
你明天开始工作方便吗？
Our house is convenient for the shops.
我们家到商店很方便。
①It is convenient (for sb.) to do sth.
(某人)干某事是方便的
sth.is convenient (for sb.)
某事(对某人来说)是方便的
if/when it is convenient to sb.如果某人方便的话
②convenience n．方便，便利
at one's convenience 在某人方便时
　It is very convenient to pay by credit card.
用信用卡付款非常方便。
Can you telephone me at your convenience to arrange a meeting
你能不能在你方便时给我来个电话，安排见一次面？
【提示】　convenient主语不能是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人。例如：“如果你方便的话”英语应表达为：if it is convenient to/for you，而不应表达为：if you are convenient。
【对接高考】　
(2012·天津高考)The secr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etary arranged a(n)________time and place for the applicants to have an interview.
A．important B．spare
C．public D．convenient
【解析】　考查形容词辨析。句意：秘书为参加面试的求职者安排了合适的时间和地点。convenient“便利的，方便的”，符合句意。
【答案】　D
单句改错
③If you are convenient，please come to help me.
______________________________________________
【答案】　③If you are convenient→If it is convenient to you
完成句子
④在你方便的时候，请来接我。
Come by to pick me up ____________.
⑤你会发现这种食物既快又方便准备。
You'll find the food quick and ____________.
【答案】　④at your convenience　⑤convenient to prepare
7．caution n．小心；谨慎；警告
This time with great c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aution I bent down to examine the snakes and I found them very sleepy.(教材P20)
这一次我小心翼翼地蹲下去检查的时候，发现蛇都是睡意浓浓的。
Dad always drives with caution.
爸爸开车一直十分小心。
①with caution小心地；谨慎地
②cautious adj.小心的；谨慎的
be cautious of/about...对……很小心/谨慎
　She is cautious of telling secrets.
她很谨慎，不会泄露秘密。
翻译句子
The policeman let the driver off with a caution.
______________________________________________
【答案】　警察向司机提出警告后就让他走了。
8．expectation n．预料；期待；期望
This was in the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) expectation that the snakes would bite again.(教材P21)这是因为我预料蛇还会再咬人。
It's our expectation that you will do it well.
我们期待你干得出色。
She looked at me with expectation.
她满怀期待地看着我。
①come up to one's expectations达到某人的期望
live up to one's expectations不辜负某人的期望
in expectation of/that...预料
beyond expectations出乎意料
against expectations与预期相反
②expect vt.预料；预计；期待；期望
expect that...预料……
expect(sb.)to do sth.期望(某人)做某事；预料(某人)做某事
　I usually enjoy ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his films，but the latest one didn't come up to my expectations.我向来喜欢看他的电影，但最近的一部并不像我期望的那样好。
The event did not live up to expectations.
这项比赛有负众望。
Against all expectations，she was enjoying herself.
完全没想到她过得非常快活。
【提示】　expectation意思为“期望的事物，前景”时，常用复数。
(2013·石家庄高二月考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )There is a general ________ that he would won the first prize in the competition.
A．congratulation B．application
C．expectation D．invitation
【解析】　句意：人们普遍期望他能在竞赛中取得 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第一名。congratulation“祝贺”；application“应用，用途，申请”；expectation“预料，期望”；invitation“邀请，招待”。
【答案】　C
9．seize vt.抓住；捉住；夺
Pressed by my friends ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) and relations，I decided to seize the opportunity to get recognition for my successful idea by sending my invention to the patent office.(P21)由于亲戚和朋友的敦促，我决定抓住这次机会把我的发明送到专利局去，请他们对我这次成功的思路给予认可。
He seized her by the arm.他抓住她的胳膊。
They seized the airport in a surprise attack.
他们通过突袭攻占了机场。
seize a chance/an opportunity抓住机会/时机
seize sb.by the arm抓住某人的手臂
seize on/upon 突然大为关注，抓住(可利用的事物)
seize up停止运转，发生故障；(身体)发僵
　The rumours were eage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rly seized upon by the local press.当地报纸迫不及待地对这些传闻加以炒作。
The engine suddenly seized up.
发动机突然发生故障。
She seized me by the wrist.她抓住我的手腕。
【提示】　表示“抓住/打在某人的某个部位”时常用：seize/hit sb.on/in/by the＋身体部位
George ________ the good chance to present his proposal to the director，and at last，it was adopted.
A．realized　　　　　B．seized
C．delivered D．released
【解析】　句意：乔治抓住了那个好机会向主管提出自己的建议，最后建议被采纳了。seize“抓住(时机)”与后面的宾语chance吻合。
【答案】　B
10．Only_after_you_have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_had_that_recognition_can_you_say that you are truly an inventor.(教材P21)
只有你已经获得了那种认证，你才能说自己是一个真正的发明者。
only＋状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)位于句首时，句子需部分倒装。
Only then did I know the importance of learning.
直到那时我才知道了学习的重要性。
Only in this way can we solve the problem.
只有用这种办法我们才能解决问题。
Only when he finishes the work can he go home.
只有在做完工作之后，他才能回家。
Only recently have I allowed myself to think of that again.
只有到了最近我才再次考虑这件事。
【提示】①当有从句时，倒装的是主句，从句不倒装。
②当only修饰其状语不位于句首，或位于句首的only用来修饰的不是状语，而是主语时，均不用倒装。
Only my parents know the secret.
只有我父母知道此秘密。
He found his watch missing only yesterday.
直到昨天他才发现手表不见了。
【对接高考】　
(2012·天津高考)On ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly after Mary read her composition the second time ________ the spelling mistake.
A．did she notice B．she noticed
C．does she notice D．she has noticed
【解析】　句意：只有到玛丽 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )再次读她的作文之后她才注意到这个拼写错误。“only＋状语从句”放于句首时，主句须用倒装语序。after引导的是时间状语从句，接在only之后，放于句首，所以主句要用倒闭，可排除B、D两项。而且根据语境知read和notice都是过去发生的动作，所以答案为A。
【答案】　A
翻译句子(用倒闭句式)
①只有在战后他才得知那个不幸的消息。
______________________________________________
②只有当他回来的时候，我们才查明了真相。
______________________________________________
③只有用这样的方法我们才能学好英语。
______________________________________________
【答案】　①Only after the war did he learn the sad news.
②Only when he returned did we find out the truth.
③Only in this way can we learn English well.
11．The criteria ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.(教材P21)(评定)专利标准非常严格，除非新的想法确实很新颖，否则很难被接受。
句中so...that...句型，意为“如此……以至于……”。这里that引导结果状语从句。主句和从句是原因与结果的关系，意为“因此”。
She spoke so fast that few of us could follow her.
她讲话太快，我们很少有人能听得懂。
He was so angry that he turned the table upside down.
他很生气，把桌子弄翻了。
①so＋adj./adv.＋that clause
②so＋many(few，much，li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ttle)＋名词＋that clause当little的意思相当于small或young时，仍然使用such...that...结构。
③so＋adj.＋a/an＋单数可数名词＋that clause在本句型中，形容词后的名词必须是可数单数名词。
　He made so many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pen friends that he couldn't devote all his time to his studies.
他交了很多笔友，因此不能把全部时间用在学业上。
He has so little knowledge that he hasn't found a satisfying job.
他学识浅薄，因此一直找不到满意的工作。
They are such lit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tle children that they can't take care of themselves.
他们年龄太小，不能照顾自己。
He is so good ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a student that we all want to make him our good example.
他是个优秀的学生，我们都想以他为榜样。
(2013·抚顺高二调研)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) weather was ________ cold that I didn't like to leave my room.
A．really　　　　　B．such
C．too D．so
【解析】　句意：天气太冷了我不想离开我的房间。so...that...“如此……以至于……”引导结果状语从句。
【答案】　D
12．Nor_will_you_re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ceive a patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.(教材P21)
你的产品要经过仔细调查，证明它确实是与众不同的，你才能获得专利。
本句是部分倒装句，nor位于句首时要用部分倒装。She doesn't like them and nor does Jeff.
她不喜欢他们，杰夫也不喜欢。
①以否定副词not，never，se ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ldom，hardly，little，nowhere，scarcely，rarely，neither，nor开头的句子要用部分倒装语序。
②由not only...but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )also...连接的并列句，若将not only置于句首时，该分句应部分倒装，but also连接的分句不倒装。而由neither...nor...连接的并列句，两个分句都倒装。
③由连接词no sooner...t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han，scarcely...when，hardly...when连接的主从复合句，主句应倒装，从句不倒装。
　Not only did he give me some advice，but also he lent me some money.
他不但给我提了建议，而且借给了我一些钱。
No sooner had he gone to bed than he fell asleep.
他一上床就睡着了。
【教师备课资源】　
表示否定意义的短语放在句首时，句子 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )应用部分倒装语序。这类短语有：under no circumstances，on no account，in no way，at no point，at no time，in no sense，by no means等，都表示“决不”。
　【对接高考】　
(2012·重庆高考)T ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he headmaster will not permit the change in the course，nor ________ it a thought.
A．does he even give　　　　　B．he even gives
C．will he even give D．he will even give
【解析】　句意：“校长将不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )允许改变课程，他甚至将不考虑这事。”分析题干可知nor置于句首，后需用部分倒装结构，故可排除B、D两项；而A项用了一般现在时态，这与前句中的will不符，故C为正确选项。
【答案】　C
完成句子
①我刚一进教室天就下起雨来。
______________ got into the classroom when it began to rain.
②昨晚直到父亲回来，我们才开始吃晚饭。
Not until Father came back ____________ to have supper last night.
【答案】　①Hardly had I　②did we begin
Period ⅢLearning about Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学，让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，复习并熟练掌握过去分词作定语、表语和宾语补足语的用法。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生对学案预习的情况。 让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第47页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生掌握 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本单元语法知识。 让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见学案第48页)，并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。
　　　　
让学生完成“当堂双基达标”(见学案第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )49页)。 师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。 自我评估(见学案第50页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　布置作业。让学生完成课本第24页1、2、3题，预习学案Period Ⅳ (见学案第50页)。
1．freezing(教材P23)adj.冰冻的；严寒的 n．冰点
It's freezing outside！外面冷极了！
It was well below freezing when we left.
我们离开时，气温已降到冰点以下了。
freezing cold 相当冷
above/below freezing 在冰点以上/以下
freeze to death 冷得要死；冻死
freezing point 冰点
freeze v．(使)结冰；(使)凝固
frozen adj.冻结的；冷冻的
　The pipes have frozen，so we've got no water.
水管已经冻了，我们接不到水。
Two men were frozen to death on the mountain.
两个男子在山上冻死了。
完成句子
①湖水结了冰。
The lake________________over.
②酒精的凝固点比水低得多。
The________________of alcohol is much lower than that of water.
【答案】　①has frozen　②freezing point
2．innocent adj.无辜的；清白的；无罪的；天真的
In a courtroom it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is sometimes difficult to recognize who is innocent and who is guilty.(教材P23)
有时在法庭上很难分辩谁无罪谁有罪。
He is an innocent victim.他是个无辜的受害者。
She is an innocent child.她是一个天真无邪的孩子。
be innocent of 没有……
innocence n．无罪；纯真；单纯
be guilty of 有……罪
　He is innocent of cheating.他没作弊。
完成句子
①他是无罪的。
He______________________the crime.
②他犯了谋杀罪。
He______________________murder.
【答案】　①was innocent of　②was guilty of
3．bear vt.忍受，忍耐；负担，承受；生育 n．熊
I cannot bear the smell of sausage burnt on the barbecue.(教材P24)
我无法忍受香肠在烤架上被烧焦的味道。
She bore the responsibility for most of the changes.
她对大多数变革负责。
I doubt if that chair will bear your weight.
我怀疑那把椅子能否承受得了你的重量。
She has borne him a son.她为他生了一个儿子。
bear doing/n./to do 忍受……
bear sb./sb.'s doing 忍受某人做……
bear sb./sth.out 证实；为……作证
bear with sb./sth.耐心对待……；容忍……
bear sth.in mind 牢记……
bear responsibility/the blame 承担责任/受责备
　I can't bear having a cat in the house.
家中养猫我受不了。
You must bear in mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd that your parents hope to depend on you to become a good doctor.
你要记住你的父母指望你成为一名好医生。
【提示】　①bear意为“忍耐，忍受”时，通常与can，could连用，用于疑问句或否定句中，常见近义词还有stand等。
②borne和born是bear的两个过去分词，表示“出生，出自”时用born，并且仅用于被动式。表示“生育”时用borne。
bear/stand/tolerate/put up with
bear 是表示“忍受”的最普通用词。
stand 表示“忍受”时用于口语。与bear相同，多用于否定句和疑问句。
tolerate 常指以自我克制的态度对付令人生厌的人或事物。这种容忍往往不会给忍受者带来太大的痛苦。
put up with 口头用语。一般指容忍较小的事情，具有宽容、默认、将就某人某事的意思。
　We should learn to tolerate one another.
我们应该学会互相容忍。
I won't put up with him.我不会容忍他的。
单项填空
①There is nothin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g we can do about it，so we'll have to grin and________it.
A．understand　　　　　　B．suffer
C．bore D．bear
【解析】　grin and bear it默默忍受；苦笑着忍受。根据句意可知选D。
【答案】　D
完成句子
②他再也受不了那种痛苦了。
He was unable to ________________________.
③为什么要我负担所有的维修费用？
Why do I have to ________________________？
【答案】　②bear the pain any longer
③bear all the costs of repair
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会过去分词作定语、表语和宾补的用法。
①...but there only seemed to be powders designed to kill snakes.
②I placed th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e frozen bowl over the snakes' habitat and the ice cubes on top of the bowl to keep it cool.
③The next morning I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )carried in my hand a small net used for catching fish.
④The criteria ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
[自我总结]
以上句中的画线部分为________，相当于形容词的作用，在句中充当不同的句子成分，分别在第①、②、③句中为______，第⑤句中是____________。
【答案】　过去分词；定语；宾语补足语
复习过去分词作定语、表语和宾补的用法
一、过去分词作定语时的几种情况
1．前位修饰：单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
We need more qualified teachers.
我们需要更多合格的教师。
The wounded soldier lay on the ground，unable to move.那个伤员躺在地上，不能动弹。
2．后位修饰：分词短语作定语要置于被修饰的名词之后。
The girl dressed in red is my daughter.
穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。
This is a letter written in blue ink.
这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
3．后位修饰：如果被修饰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的词是由some/any/no＋thing/body/one所构成的不定代词或指示代词those等时，即使是单一的分词作定语，也要放在被修饰词之后。
Is there anything unsolved
还有什么问题没有解决吗？
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来，几乎没有什么变化。
4．有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。
They decided to change the material used.
他们决定改变所用的原材料。
The experience gained will be of great value to us.
取得的经验将对我们很有价值。
【提示】　过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系：
①及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。
lost time—time which is lost
a well?known writer—a writer who is well known
②部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。
retired workers—workers who have retired
a learned man—a man who is of much learning
a sunk ship—a ship which has sunk
二、过去分词作表语
过去分词作表语用时，总是在连系 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词如：be，appear，feel，remain，seem，look等之后，构成系表结构。特别要注意与be连用时，要注意区分是“系表结构”还是“被动语态”，作表语的过去分词表示状态，而被动语态中的过去分词表示动作。
All the doors are locked.所有的门都是锁着的。
He felt thoroughly broken down.
他觉得身体彻底垮了。
The children looked puzzled.
孩子们都像是迷惑不解。
三、过去分词作宾补
1．能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类。
(1)表示感觉或心理状态的动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )或词组。如：see，watch，observe，look at，hear，listen to，feel，notice，find等。
I heard the song sung in English.
我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
He found his hometown greatly changed.
他发现他的家乡变化很大。
(2)表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。
I'll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
He got his tooth pulled out yesterday.
他昨天把牙拔了。
Don't leave those things undone.把那些事情做完。
(3)表示“希望”、“要求”意义的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等词用“vt.＋宾语＋(to be)＋pp”。
I would like this matter (to be) settled at once.
我希望此事立刻得到解决。
I wish my homework (to be) finished before five o'clock.我希望5点前完成我的作业。
2．过去分词作宾补表示的意义。
(1)过去分词作宾补表示被动关系，其动作先于谓语动作。
(2)过去分词作宾补时，过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。
3．过去分词作宾补时，要注意几种情况。
(1)使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
①过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。
I had my computer repaired yesterday.
我昨天找人修了电脑。(别人做)
②过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历或表示一种遭遇。
He had his leg broken.
他的腿断了。(自己的经历)
(2)过去分词在原句中作宾补时，如果原句变为被动语态，那么过去分词就在变换后的句中作主补了。
The big fire is reported controlled.
据报道这场大火已经得到控制。
The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything was arranged in good order.人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了，一切都布置得井井有条。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．As we all know，new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )spapers，magazines and radios as well as television broadcasts can keep us ________ about what is happening at home and abroad.
A．informing　　　　　　　　B．informed
C．to inform D．being informed
【解析】　句意：正如我们所知道的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，报纸、杂志、收音机和电视广播都能够使我们了解国内外发生的事件。此题考查“keep＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，宾语“us”与动词“inform”是被动关系，所以用过去分词形式作宾语补足语。答案为B项。
【答案】　B
2．(2013·平顶山高二月考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) disc，digitally ________ in the studio，sounded fantastic at the party that night.
A．recorded B．recording
C．to be recorded D．having recorded
【解析】　本题考查过去分词作定语的用法。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )根据题意，空格处表示“被录制好的”，故应选择含有被动含义的A项或C项；根据句末的“that night”，可排除含有将来含义的C项。
【答案】　A
3．A man is bei ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng questioned in relation to the________ murder last night.
A．advised B．attended
C．attempted D．admitted
【解析】　此题考查过去分 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词作定语的用法。advise建议；attend出席，照料；attempt试图，尝试；admit承认，接收。句意：一个男人正在被询问有关昨晚谋杀未遂案子的情况。
【答案】　C
4．They tried to silence the ________audience but failed.
A．exciting B．excited
C．to excite D．excite
【解析】　句意：他们想让激动的观众静下来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，但没有成功。该题应是分词作定语，可排除C、D项。现在分词具有主动意味，过去分词具有被动意味。exciting是令人激动的，含主动意味；excited是人受到刺激而被迫激动的，含被动意味。故选B项。
【答案】　B
5．“It's such a nice ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) place，”Mother said as she sat at the table ________ for customs.
A．to be reserved B．being reserved
C．reserving D．reserved
【解析】　考查非谓语动词。reserv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e和谓语动词sat之间没有连词。故用非谓语动词，它和逻辑主语the table是被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。
【答案】　D
6．The question _ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ at yesterday's meeting hasn't been made ________ yet.
A．discussing；know B．discussed；known
C．being discussed；know D．to be discussed；know
【解析】　问题应是被讨论， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )因此用过去分词discussed修饰the question；make...known“使……被人所熟悉/被人所知”。因此选B。
【答案】　B
7．There were seve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ral new events ________ to the programme for the 2012 London Olympic Games.
A．add B．to add
C．adding D．added
【解析】　句意：2012年伦 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )敦奥运会已增添了几项新的比赛项目。there be句型是完整的句子，应用非谓语动词作定语；新的比赛项目是被添加到2012年奥运项目中了，因此应用过去分词表被动。
【答案】　D
8．(2013·信阳高二调研)Don' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t use words，expressions，or phrases ________ only to people with specific knowledge.
A．being known B．having been known
C．to be known D．known
【解析】　句意：不要使用只有专业人士才知道 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的单词、词句或短语。know与words，expressions，phrases是动宾关系，要用过去分词作定语，表示被动；动词的 ing形式的完成被动式一般不用来作定语，仅作状语，表示时间或原因。
【答案】　D
9．The manage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs discussed the plan that they would like to see ________the next year.
A．carry out B．carrying out
C．carried out D．to carry out
【解析】　句意：经理们讨论了他们想在下一年实 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )施的计划。plan后接定语从句。在定语从句中，关系代词that指代the plan，作谓语动词see的宾语；要用过去分词短语carried out作宾语补足语表示被动，“计划被实施”。
【答案】　C
10．—Why did Bob cry
—He couldn't bear ________ like that before the whole class.
A．making fun of B．being made fun of
C．to be laughed at D．being made fun
【解析】　第二句句意：他不能忍受在全班面前被嘲弄。bear后跟v. ing形式作宾语，且此处应该使用被动形式。故答案为B。
【答案】　B
Ⅱ.用所给动词的适当形式填空
1．The Olympic G ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ames，first ________ (play) in 776 BC，did not include women players until 1912.
2．The Browns have a comfortable house ________ (live in)．
3．He is said ________ (go)abroad half a year ago.
4．Stop shouting！Haven't you seen your father ________ (work) now
5．To keep warm, we h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad the fire ________ (burn) all through the night.
6．Have you read ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the novels ________(write) by the famous Chinese writer
7．Please remain ________ (seat) there.
8．The houses ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________(damage) during the flood are being repaired now.
9．Speak louder，or you can't make yourself________ (hear)．
10．With all the pr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oblems ________ (settle) at last, he could have a good sleep.
【答案】　1.played　2.to live in　3.to have gone
4．working　5.burning　6.written　7.seated　8.damaged　9.heard　10.settled
Period ⅣUsing Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法并给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握求职信的写法。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是介绍电话发明家亚历山大·格雷厄姆·贝尔的故事。并通过操练写求职信，进一步训练学生的写作能力。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
发明家的发明创造改变了我们的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生活，电话给我们的生活带来了极大的方便，那么同学们对电话和它的发明者有多少了解呢？ 那么我们就通过对本文的学习，进一步了解贝尔和他的电话。
●教学流程设计
检查上节课所布置作业。 导入新课。 学生快速阅读课文(见课本第25－26页)并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。
学生共同讨论。师生统一答案。 让学生再次仔 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )细阅读课文，并完成学案中“语篇理解”部分(见学案第50页)。 学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第51页)。 学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生完成“情景交际”部分(见学案第53页)。
让学生完成自我评估(见学案第5 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )5页)；课本第27页Summing up。 学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第54页)。 老师指导学生共同找出答案。讲解本单元交际话题，并从高考命题角度来分析本交际话题。　　　　　　
让学生做“课时作业”。 老师布置作业 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第55页)和Workbook 第63－64页Using words and Expressions第1、2、3、4题，第65页 Using structures第 2题。
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P25－26课文，判断正误
1．It was his inte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rest in problems and his hard work that led to his most famous invention.(　　)
2．During the design o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f a multiple telegraph，Bell invented the telephone occasionally.(　　)
3．Alexander Graha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )m Bell was not a man to rest, and he was an inventor all his life.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　F T T
Ⅱ. 语篇理解
阅读P25－26课文，选择最佳答案
1．The text mainly tells us some information about ________.
A．Bell and his telephone
B．Bell and his telegraph
C．Bell and his inventions
2．Bell invented the ________ by chance according to the text.
A．Morse code
B．telegraph
C．telephone
3．Which statement is TRUE according to the text
A．Bell made a contribution to the deaf education.
B．Bell invented the telephone for the deaf.
C．Bell thought that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you should not think too much about something that you had never seen before.
4．According to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he text，Bell got such great achievements，thanks to ________.
A．a straw joined to a deaf man's ear
B．the exploring around problems
C．a moving electrical current
【答案】　1－4 C C A B
1．dive into迅速把手伸入；一心投入
Leave the beaten t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rack occasionally and dive into the woods.(教材P25)偶尔离开平路去寻求困境。
He has been d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )iving into the history of Chinese literature.他一直在潜心研究中国文学史。
He dived into his pock ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et and took out a couple of coins.他迅速把手伸进衣袋，拿出几枚硬币。
go diving 去潜水
make a dive for sth.冲过去拿(某物)
take a dive into (the subject) 埋头(该问题)中
Professor Smith is taking a dive into a new project.
史密斯教授正在潜心钻研一个新的项目。
The main purpose of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) his holiday to Greece is to go diving.他到希腊度假的主要目的就是去潜水。
【提示】　dive into 作“潜心于… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…”讲时和devote oneself to sth.的意思一样，但devote oneself to sth.还有“投身于……，把自己奉献给……”的意思。
单项填空
①She________the bag and brought out two apples.
A．put into　　　　　　B．caught
C．dived into D．pulled
【解析】　put into放入；catch抓；dive into将手伸入……中；pull拉。
【答案】　C
完成句子
②He________(潜心于)his ex ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )periments and made a great contribution to our country.
【答案】　dived into
2．Every_time you do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) you will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.(P25)每次你这样做的时候，你一定会发现你从未见过的东西。
本句是一个主从复合句，其中every time在此句中引导时间状语从句；that引导定语从句修饰something。
every time用作连词，意为“每次”，引导的是时间状语从句，谓语动词的时态依句意而定。
Every time I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) listen to your advice，I will get into trouble.我每次听你的建议，都会遇到麻烦。
副词及名词词组引导时间状语从句：
the＋时间名词，如：the moment，the minute，the instant等，表示“一……就……”。
the day，the week，the year
the spring，the summer，the autumn，the winter
the＋序数词＋time，the last time，(the) next time
every (each) time，any time
immediately，instantly，directly
　The moment I saw her，I recognized her.
我一看到她，就认出了她。
I left immediately the clock struck 5.
一到五点，我就走了。
单项填空
①Don't stop________you come to a word or a phrase you do not know.
A．for the first time　　　　　B．because
C．every time D．since
【解析】　句意：不要每当遇到不认识的单词或短语就停下。every time引导时间状语从句，意为“每次”。
【答案】　C
②The head of the co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mpany promised to deal with matters of this sort________he returned to his office.
A．until B．while
C．by the time D．the moment
【解析】　the moment引导时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”。
【答案】　D
完成句子
③我每次拜访他，他都很忙。
________________，he was very busy.
④上次她看见詹姆斯的时候，他正躺在床上。
____________ she saw James，he was lying in bed.
【答案】　③Each time I called on him　④The last time
3．set out (to do)开始(做)
Bell never set ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) out to invent the telephone and what he was trying to design was a multiple telegraph.(P25)
贝尔并非一开始就想要发明电话的，他本来想设计的东西是多路电报。
On their arr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ival，they set out to read the English books they brought with themselves.
他们一到达那里，就开始读他们随身携带的英语书。
He set out to paint the whole house after the breakfast.
吃过早饭后，他开始着手粉刷整幢房子。
set off/set out/set about/set out for
set off “出发”，侧重于去某个地方。
set out “出发，开始”，侧重于开始做某事，还有“规划，展现”的意思，后加不定式。
set about “开始，着手”，与set out意思相近，后加v.?ing形式。
set out
for 出发到某地去。(＝set off for；leave for)
　If you want ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to catch that train，we'd better set off/out for the station immediately.如果你想赶上那班火车，我们最好现在马上出发去火车站。
The moment she came ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck from work，she______to clean the kitchen thoroughly.
A．set about　　　　　B．set out
C．set off D．set up
【解析】　句意：她一下班回来，就开始彻 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )底打扫厨房。表示“开始(做)”可以用set about或set out，但set about后跟动名词，set out后跟不定式。set off表示“动身，出发”；set up表示“建立”，均不合句意。
【答案】　B
4．associate vi.联想；联系
Although he is most of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ten associated with the invention of the telephone，he was indeed a continuing searcher after practical solutions to improve the quality of everybody's life.(教材P26)虽然人们常把他与电话的发明联系在一起，但是他的确是一位永不停息的探索家，不断寻求着改善人们生活质量的途径。
Don't associate with dishonest boys.
不要和不诚实的孩子结交。
She associated happiness with having money.
她把幸福和有钱联系到了一起。
①associate sb./sth.with sb./sth.把……和……联系在一起；由……联想到……
be associated with...和……有关
associate with sb.与某人交往或常打交道
associate oneself with sth.声称或表示自己赞同某事物
②association n．联合；联想；交往；协会；团体
in association with...与……合伙/合作
　Have you joined the teacher's association
你加入教师协会了吗？
They are goin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g to construct the airport in association with another firm.
他们打算与另一家公司联合修建机场。
句型转换
①I associate the town with the artist's life.
I ________ the town ________ the artist's life.
②The town is associated with the artist's life.
The town ________________________ the artist's life.
The town is full of ________ ________ the artist's life.
【答案】　①connect；with　②is connected with；associations with
5．hang on不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住；坚持
Hang on，please.请稍等。(P26)
Hang on a min ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ute while I get a pencil and a piece of paper.电话别挂断，等我拿纸笔来。
They shouted to me to hang on to the rope.
他们冲我喊，要我紧紧抓住绳子。
I know you're tired，but try to hang on a bit longer.
我知道你累了，但再坚持一会吧。
Hold the line，please./Just a
minute，please./Hold on.不挂电话。
　We had nothing to do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )except hang around the ice cream parlor.我们无所事事地在冰淇淋摊附近游荡。
I really feel it was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an injustice for you to hang up on me the other night.我总觉得，那天晚上您那样挂断我的电话实在是不应当。
—Can I speak to Mr.Brown，please
—________.I'll just see if he's here.
A．Ring off B．Hold up
C．Hang on D．Ring back
【解析】　根据答语中的“我要去看看他在不在 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”判断，此处为“等一下；别挂断”，hang on在此相当于hold on。ring off“挂断电话”；hold up“举着”；ring back“回电话”。
【答案】　C
6．out of order发生故障；次序颠倒；有毛病；状况不佳
I'm sorry，but this phone is out of order.(教材P26)
对不起，这部电话坏了。
I'm afraid that the m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )achine is out of order and it needs repairing.恐怕机器出故障需要修理。
I checked the file ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s and some of the papers were out of order我检查过案卷，其中有些未按顺序编排。
in good order秩序井然
put/keep...in order使……井然有序
　Everything in the kitchen is in good order.
厨房里的每样东西都井然有序。
It is very important to keep classes in order.
保持课堂秩序是很重要的。
【教师备课资源】　
out of构成的其他短语：
out of work失业
out of breath 上气不接下气
out of control 失去控制
out of danger 脱离危险
out of date 过时的，过期的
out of place 不合适的(不相称的，不适合的)
out of question 毫无疑问；一定；当然
out of reach 够不着
out of sight 看不见；在视野之外
out of touch 失去联系
　
(2013·济南高二质检)Our f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ridge is ________ again.We'd better buy a new one instead of repairing it.
A．in order B．out of order
C．in the order D．out of the order
【解析】　out of order“坏了，出毛病”，固定搭配。
【答案】　B
7．get through设法联系上(尤指打通电话)；(设法)做完；通过
I can't get through.(教材P26)
我打不通电话。
John has got through the English oral test.
约翰已经通过了英语口语测试。
I will be with you as soon as I get through the work.
我一做完工作就到你这儿来。
get across 被理解；使人了解
get down to 认真地静下心(工作)(to为介词)
get over 克服
get on/along(with)进展；进步；与……相处
get in 收获
get around/round 到处走动；传播出去
　How are you getting on with your work
你工作进展怎么样？
Hardly could he ________ this amount of work in such a short time.
A．get through B．get off
C．get into D．get down
【解析】　句意：他几乎不可能在如此短的时间内完成这么大量的工作。根据语境判断A项符合句意。
【答案】　A
8．ring back回电话
Can I ring back later？(教材P26)
我能一会儿再回电话吗？
I'm busy now－can you ring back later，please
我现在正忙，请你待会儿再打好吗？
I didn't get through just now but soon he rang back.
刚才我没接通(电话)，但很快他就打了回来。
ring off挂断
ring out发出响亮而清晰的声音
ring sb.up给某人打电话
ring round给各处打电话
　I'll ring you up tonight.今晚我要给你打电话。
A pistol shot rang out.发令枪响了。
I just ________ to tell you I won't be back for lunch.
A．ring off B．ring up
C．ring out D．ring around
【解析】　句意：我打电话只是告诉你我不回来吃午饭。ring up“打电话”。
【答案】　B
表示打电话(Making telephone calls)常用交际用语有：
1．Hold the line/Hold on，please.请稍等。
(表示让对方不要挂断电话。)
—Is Sue James in？苏·詹姆斯在吗？
—Hold the line/Hold on，please.I'll just put you through.请稍等。我这就给您转接。
2．Just a moment，please.等一会儿。(说明有事情耽搁一下。)
—I'm sorry，but he is out of the office right now.
很抱歉，他现在不在办公室里。
—When will he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be back？I wonder if you could give Mr.Wang a message for me
他什么时候回来？你能不能帮我给王先生带个口信？
—Just a moment，please.I'll get a pen.
请等一下，我拿支笔。
3．Sorry.../I'm sorry...对不起，……(当被找的人因某事不在场时，要首先说“对不起”，然后说明理由。)
—I'd like to speak to Mr. Wang.
我想和王先生讲话。
—I'm sorry.Mr. Wang is out right now.
对不起，王先生现在不在。
4．—Can I ring back...
我可以……打回来吗？(表示电话预约。)
—Hello.May I speak to Mr.Green
你好。我可以和格林先生说话吗？
—I'm sorry，but he is in a meeting now.
很抱歉，他正在开会。
—Can I ring back later？我可以晚一点打回来吗？
—OK.好的。
5．I must ring off now because...
我现在必须挂断，因为……
—I am sorry.I must ring off now because there is another call.
对不起，我现在必须挂断，因为有另一个电话。
—Nothing serious.没关系。
1．(2013·济南高二质检)—Thi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s is Tara Patel from Cotton House in Kidderminster.Could I speak to Mr.Smith，please
—I'm sorry.________.
A．He's not in the office now.
B．I'm Mr.Smith.
C．Who are you
D．Speaking.
【解析】　根据I'm sorry看出“他现在不在办公室”。
【答案】　A
2．(2013·莱芜高二检测)—Is that Mr.Lee
—I'm sorry，but he has a visitor right now.________
A．Could you hold on a little longer
B．I have no idea.
C．You have the right number.
D．Go ahead，please.
【解析】　根据答语可知，接电话者建议对方稍等一会儿。
【答案】　A
如何写求职信(Letter of application)
求职信属于应用文中的书信类。写作时，要注意书信的基本格式。
首先，要注意开篇交代句、末尾总结句和常识性 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语句，提高文章的呼应性。开篇句往往交代得知消息的渠道，并表明求职心愿。如：I've learned from the newspaper that you are employing a．..and I'm very interested in it.末尾句往往表达希望能很快收到答复的迫切愿望并表明感激之情。如：I would be very thankful if you would give me an early reply.
第二，求职信往往需要介绍自己的姓名、年龄、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )身高、健康状况、业余爱好、特长、工作态度及人际关系等。常见的短语有be in good health，be good at，be expert in，have rich working experience，enjoy doing sth.in one's spare time，be strict with，be kind to，get on well with等。
此外，要防止遗漏要点。如果是针 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对广告招聘的求职信，应认真阅读广告，明确招聘要求，并对照自己的条件，逐一加以介绍，同时还要注上自己的通讯地址和联系方式。
注意：1.篇幅不宜太长，要简明扼要。
2．态度要诚恳，实事求是。
3．所展示的信息要精炼且有针对性。
4．语气要客气、礼貌。
5．可用各种时态，通常用一般现在时和一般过去时。
[常用句型]
1．开头。说明写求职信的缘由与动机。
I would like to apply to become a(n)．..in your company.
In today's newspaper I noticed your advertisement for...
I'm writing this letter to apply for...
2．正文。介绍个人情况。
I graduated from...
I am majoring in.../My major is...
I am experienced in.../I have experience of...
I have had four years' experience in my present post as...
I believe that bo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th my education and experience are directly related to your requirements.
3．结尾。表达你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。
I hope to have the pleasure of an interview.
I would appreciate your call at...
I hope that you will give my application careful attention.
An early reply would be appreciated.Thank you.
I would be most grat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eful if my request receives your favorable consideration.
假如你叫李华，你从报纸上得知某公司要招聘一名英语翻译，请你给该公司经理写一份求职信。你的个人资料如下：
姓名 李华 年龄 26
经历 2012年毕业于北京外国语大学；大学期间专修翻译专业并有丰富的翻译经验
工作态度 认真负责 联系电话 85716542
注意：1.要求包含以上所有信息，但不要逐条翻译；
2．词数120－150。
[思路点拨]本文分三部分：
第一部分：开门见山，说明写信的缘由与动机。
第二部分：自我介绍，包括个人情况、工作经历及申请这份工作的理由等。
第三部分：表示你希望早日得到回音并提供你的联系方式。
[词汇热身]
1．申请________
2．职务________
3．从……毕业________
4．经验________
5．把……译成……________
6．对……感到满意________
7．此外，另外________
8．与……联系________
【答案】　1.apply for　2.position　3.graduate from
4．experience　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )5.translate...into　6.be satisfied with　7.in addition/what's more　8.contact/get in touch with
[句式温习]
1．我写信想要申请在今天的报纸上你招聘的英语翻译的职务。
I'm writing to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ the position of the translator that you ________ today's newspaper.
2．自从毕业以来，我已经把好几本书译成了英语。我认为这会对这份工作很有帮助。
Since I grad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uated，I have ________ several books ________ English，________________________.
3．此外，对工作认真、负责的态度是我的优良品质。
________，my serious an ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d responsible attitude toward work is my best quality.
4．如果你想进一步了解我，请随时给我打电话，号码为85716542。
__________________，please feel free to contact me at any time at 85716542.
【答案】　1.apply for；ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve advertised in　2.translated；into；which I think would be helpful for the job　3.In addition　4.If you would like to know more about me
[连句成篇]
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Ms./Mr.，
I'm writing to a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pply for the position of the translator that you have advertised in today's newspaper.
I am Li Hua,26 ye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ars old，and I graduated from Beijing Foreign Studies University in 2012.My major was translation and I also have translating experience.Since I graduated，I have translated several books into English，which I think would be helpful for the job.I think the position in your firm would be satisfied to me，as it would further my ambition to become a professional translator.In addition，my serious and responsible attitude towards work is my best quality.
If you would like t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o know more about me，please feel free to contact me at any time at 85716542.
An early reply would be appreciated.Thank you.
Sincerely yours，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ n．专利证书；专利权
2．________ vi.&vt.显出……的差别；使……有所不同；辨别
3．________ n．粉末；火药
4．________ n．香水；香味
5．________ n．小心；谨慎
6．________ vt.抓住；捉住；夺
7．________ adj.有效的；确凿的
8．________ n．文件；档案；文件夹 vt.提交；将……归档
9．________ n．线；绳子；一串
10．________ n．胶；胶水 vt.粘贴；粘合
11．________ adj.清白的；无罪的；天真的
12．________ vt.忍受；忍耐；负担
13．________ n．(水或气)流；电流 adj.现在的；当前的
14．________ adj.稳固的；稳定的；安定的
【答案】　1.patent　2.di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stinguish　3.powder　4.perfume　5.caution　6.seize　7.valid　8.file　9.string　10.glue　11.innocent　12.bear　13.current　14.stable
B．词汇拓展
15．________adj.宽大的；仁慈的→________n．仁慈；宽恕
16．________n．产品→________v．生产→________n．生产→________n．生产者；制造者
17．________adj.方便的→________n．方便；便利
18．________n．期待；预期→________v．预期；期盼
19．________adj.消极的→________adj.反义词
20．________adj.突然的；意外的→________adv.突然地；意外地
21．________n．立方体；立方→________adj.立方的
22．________adj.高兴的；愉快的→________adv.愉快地
23．________n．(评判的)标准；尺度→________(复数形式)
24．________adj.成熟的；熟的→________v．熟；成熟
25．________vt.联想；联系→________n．联想；联合；协会
26．________adj.实际的；实践的；实用的→__________v．练习；训练→________n．练习；训练
27．________n．扩大；延伸；电话分机→________v．延长；伸展；扩展→________adj.伸出的；扩大的；延长的
28．________v．悬挂；把……吊起→________(过去分词)
29．________n．能力；胜任；本领→________adj.有能力的；有资格的
【答案】　15.mercifu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l；mercy　16.product；produce；production；producer　17.convenient；convenience　18.expectation；expect　19.passive；active　20.abrupt；abruptly　21.cube；cubic　22.merry；merrily　23.criterion；criteria　24.ripe；ripen　25.associate；association　26.practical；practise/practice；practice　27.extension；extend；extended　28.hang；hung　petence；competent
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________给……打电话
2．________________有时；偶尔
3．________________着手；开始
4．________________申请
5．________________把……和……区别开
6．dive into________________
7．set out to do sth.________________
8．hang on________________
9．out of order________________
10．get through________________
11．ring back________________
12．ring off________________
【答案】　1.call up　2.now and then　3.set about
4．apply for　5.distinguish...from　6.迅速把手伸入；
一心投入　7.开始做某事　8.不挂断；稍等；紧紧握住　9.次序颠倒；发生故障　10.做完；通过　11.回复电话　12.挂断电话
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子
13．Please ________ a second；I'll look for the manager and tell him you are on the phone for him.
14．I can't go to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cinema because I've got a lot of work to ________.
15．I suppose I'd bett ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er ________ now－we've been on the phone for over an hour.
16．He ________ the river immediately to rescue the drowning girl.
17．Because the lift was ________，we had to walk up the stairs.
18．He ________ to do a lot of things，but didn't succeed.
19．He isn't here now－could you ________ later
【答案】　13.hang on　14.g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )et through　15.ring off　16.dived into　17.out of order　18.set out　19.ring back
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．Only_after_y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou_have_had_that_recognition_can_you say that you are truly an inventor.
【句式仿写】　只有自己错的时候，女人才宽恕人。
______________________________________________
2．The criter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ia are so strict that it is difficult to get new ideas accepted unless they are truly novel.
【句式仿写】　这个大衣太贵了我买不起。
______________________________________________
3．Nor_will_y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou_receive_a_patent until a search has been made to find out that your product really is different from everyone else's.
【句式仿写】　我刚要上床睡觉，电话就响了。
______________________________________________
4．Every_time you do y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou will be certain to find something that you have never seen before.
【句式仿写】　他每次来这里都能给我一些好的建议。
______________________________________________
5．Follow it up，explor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e all