【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语人教版选修八教师用书Unit 5　Meeting your ancestors

Unit 5　Meeting your ancestors
【美文阅读】　
　
北京猿人复原头盖骨
(1960年发现的)　　　北京猿人塑像
Peking Man was disco ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vered in Zhoukoudian village，on the Longgu Mountain，Fangshan district，Beijing，which was listed as a world cultural heritage site in 1987.In the 1920s archaeologists discovered a complete skull of an ape man dating back 600,000 years which was later named as Peking Man.Stone tools and evidence of Peking Man's use of fire were later found on the mountain.Studies have shown that Peking Man walked on his feet and lived 690,000 years ago.His society lived in groups in caves and survived by hunting.The group could make use of rough stone tools and knew how to use fire for heating and cooking.
The discovery include ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d six complete skulls of Peking Man,12 skull fragments,15 mandibles(下颌骨)，157 teeth and some sections of broken femurs(大腿骨)，shinbones(胫骨)，and upper arm bones belonging to more than 40 individuals of different ages and sexes.In addition 100,000 fragments of stone tools were found together with sites used for fire and burnt bones and stones.
Peking Man created a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unique Old Stone Culture which had much influence to the Old Stone Culture of North China.Stone tools are the principal relics of this remote culture.Also discovered in Zhoukoudian are stone points，a new production tool then，and bone articles made and used by Peking Man.Found in the caves were such tools as the larger end of an antler(鹿角，茸角) that had been used as a hammer and the sharp end of an antler used as a digging tool.
The use of fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re was a milestone of the development of civilization and the discovery of Peking Man has pushed back the time that man first used it by tens of thousands of years.The largest ash pile discovered in the caves is six metres thick.Fire allowed people to eat cooked food instead of raw food and promoted the development of the brain and improved health.With his rough tools and simple living conditions，Peking Man created a unique and very ancient culture.
【诱思导学】　
1．When was Peking M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an Site at Zhoukoudian listed as a world cultural heritage
______________________________________________
2．According to the studies，when did Peking Man live
______________________________________________
3．What kind of tools did Peking Man use
______________________________________________
【答案】　1.In 1987.　2.About 690,000 years ago.
3．Stone tools.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本单元的主题是考古学，涉及到历史和人类学，语言知识和语言技能都是围绕这一主题设计的。具体涉及“周口店遗址的北京猿人”、“早期人类生活方式”、“如何判断遗址年份”、“秦始皇兵马俑”和“埃及金字塔”等，帮助学生增长考古学知识，更好地了解早期人类的生活方式和人类文明的发展进程。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
根据教材P37“读前”(pre r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eading)呈现的北京猿人的头盖骨图片，让学生通过谈论我们今天使用的生活用品及生活方式猜测几十万年前北京猿人可能使用的生活用品和生活方式，将学生的思维引入“史前人类生活”，为下文阅读做好铺垫。
●教学流程设计
导入新课。 学生阅读“话题美文导读”与“诱思导学”(见学案第74页)。 学生就“话题美文导读”进行讨论，统一答案。
学生再次阅读课文(课本第38－39页)并完成 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“语篇理解”(见学案第75页)。 师生共同讨论并统一答案。 让学生快速阅读课文(课本第38－39页)并完成“篇章结构”(见学案第75页)。
　　　　
学生共同讨论，并让学生发表 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第38－39页)，进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第76页)。 老师指导学生讨论，共同找出答案。

让学生根据所给出的表格进 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行自我评估(见学案第77页)。 学生讨论，并让学生代表发表他们讨论得出的答案。老师予以更正。 让学生完成“知识初探”部分(见学案第76页)。
　　　　
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第38－39 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页并完成课本第39页1、2、3 题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第77页)，写一篇描述考古发现的短文。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P38－39Reading部分，然后完成下列表格
Some of the earliest people lived in 1. ________ Evidence Conclusion
How could they live there？ ★Human and animal bones★Tools and2. ________ They lived in caves.
How did they keep warm？
Fireplaces in the center of the caves They used fire to 3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ). ________，cook the food and scare wild animals away.
4.________ They kept the fire burning all winter.
No doors They hung animal skins at the cave mouth to keep out the cold.
What 5.________ were there Bones of tigers and bears Tigers and bears were their most dangerous enemies.
How did they make clothes？ 6.________ made of animal bones ★They used 7.________ stone tools to cup up animals and remove their skin.★They used 8.________ to remove the fat and meat from the skin.★They rubbed an ample amount of salt onto the skin to 9.________.
What did they use to make ornaments？ Animal bones and 10.________ ★Perhaps there was t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rade between early peoples or they travelled to the seaside.
【答案】　1.the Zhoukoudian caves　2.other objects
3．keep warm　4.Laye ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs of ash　5.wild animals　6.Needles　7.sharpened　8.smaller scrapers　9.made it soft　10.seashells
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P38－39Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．The main idea of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the text is about the ________ of the earliest people in the Zhoukoudian caves.
A．life and habits
B．food and clothing
C．homes and fishing
2．The primitive necklace found in the cave shows that ________.
A．our ancestors made ornaments and sold them for money
B．our ancestors valued necklaces more than other ornaments
C．the earliest people had already cared about their appearance
3．We can infer ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from the passage that people living in the Zhoukoudian caves ________.
A．didn't live mainly on crops
B．didn't know how to trade with others
C．burnt what they could find outside the caves
4．From “but others are made of shells”，we can infer that________.
A．the sea was not far away at that time
B．the shells could be sold and bought
C．they could make necklaces by machines
5．Which of the foll ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owing is the correct order about how early people made clothes
a．clean the fat and meat from the skin
b．cut up the animals
c．rub salt inside the skin
d．remove the skin
e．sew the pieces together
A．b，d，c，a，e
B．b，d，a，c，e
C．b，a，d，c，e
【答案】　1－5　A C A B B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
A group of students f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rom England，who are interested in 1.________，have come to Zhoukoudian caves for a visit.An archeologist gives them a brief introduction to the life and habits of the earliest people in Zhoukoudian：
Early people l ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ived in caves and they made 2.________ in the centre of caves to keep them 3.________，cook the food and 4.________ their enemies away，such as tigers and bears.
Early people made t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )heir own clothes from animal 5.________.They used sharpened stone tools to cut up animals and remove their skins.Smaller scrapers were used to 6.________ the fat and meat from the skin.Finally they would use needles made of animal bones to 7.________ the pieces together.
Early people also p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aid attention to their 8.________ and wore necklaces.Some of the necklace beads were made of animal bones but some were made of shells，which told us that all the fields around Zhoukoudian caves used to be part of a large 9.________ lake.Early people didn't grow their own crops，but picked fruit when it was 10.________ and hunted animals for food.
【答案】　1.archeology　2.fires　3.warm　4.scare
5．skins　6.remove　7.sew　8.appearance　9.shallow　10.ripe
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．alternative　　　　A．s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )omething you can choose to do or use instead of something else
2．tentative B．belongi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng to a simple way of life that existed in the past without modern industries and machines
3．assume C．to make something have a sharper edge or point
4．ample D．the det ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ailed study or examination of sth.，in order to understand it.
5．sharpen E．not definite or certain，and may be changed later
6．primitive F．more than enough
7．analysis G．to th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ink that something is true，although you do not have definite proof
【答案】　1.A　2.E　3.G　4.F　5.C　6.B　7.D
Ⅱ.短语填空
show around；be aware ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of；regardless of；at most；compare...with...；cut up；keep out；come to a conclusion；differ from
1. To save the d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rowning child，the boy plunged into the icy water without hesitation，________________ his own safety.
2. It will take t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wo hours ______________ to get there，so you needn't be too worried.
3. Though most smo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kers ______________ the dangers of smoking，they won't give up.
4. ______________ the meat before you put them into the pot.
5．One of your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )classmates will ________ you ________ the campus this afternoon.
【答案】　1.regardless of　2.at most　3.are aware of
4．Cut up　5.show；around
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1. It_is_a_gr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eat_pleasure_to_meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.
很高兴见到你们这些来自英国的且对考古学感兴趣的学生。
2．We've discovered fi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )replaces in the centre of the caves where_they_made_fires.
我们发现在洞穴的中央有生火用的火炉。
3．...as the botanical ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used_to be part of a large shallow lake.
……正如植物学的分析结果告诉我们的，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
4．That's_why they are called hunters and gatherers.
这就是他们被称之为是猎人和采摘者的缘故。
5．They couldn't have m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ats，blankets or quilts like we do.It must_have_been very uncomfortable.
他们不可能像我们一样有席子、毛毯或棉被。那肯定很不舒服。
Period ⅡWarming Up & Reading
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学生学会用英语写一些关于描述考古发现或某个遗迹的短文，并培养学生养成自觉用英语写作的好习惯，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起着至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
We all know that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) China is a country with a lot of ancient cultural relics. We can learn our ancestors' life and living conditions through these relics. Now I want to ask xxx to say something about a relic he/she is familiar with. (老师让xxx同学谈谈他/她所熟悉的某个遗址。)
●教学流程设计
老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查学生对学案 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )预习的情况。 导入新课。 让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第77页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
让学生再次阅读课文(课本第38－39页 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))，以加深对所学单词与短语的理解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
　　　　
让学生完成“自我评估”(学案第81 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页)。 布置作业。让学生完成课本第39页第1、2、3题，“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第82页)。
1. alternative n．可能的选择adj.供选择的，其他的
Can you think of the alternatives we would use today？(教材P37)
你能想出今天我们使用的替代品吗？
I offered the al ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ternative suggestions of spending the vacation in the mountains or by the sea.
我提议这次要么到山区要么到海边度假。
have the alternative of doing sth.
有做……的选择；可以做……
have no alternative/choice but to do sth.
别无选择只好做……
　If you don't like ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the school lunch，you have the alternative of bringing your own.
要是你不喜欢学校准备的午餐，你可以自己带饭。
I had no alternative but to accept the offer.
我除了接受该项提议之外，别无选择。
alternative/choice/selection
alternative 一般强调在只有两种可能性或者行为方式之间进行的选择。
choice 泛指从一组人或物中进行的自由选择。
selection 含有从许多可供选择的人或物中择优选择的意思。
　The store offers a wide choice of fruit and vegetables.
商店提供许多可供选择的水果和蔬菜。
Parents should be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) careful in their selection of the movies their young children see.
家长们在为孩子们挑选电影时应小心谨慎。
用alternative，choice或selection填空
①You can be paid i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n cash weekly or by cheque monthly and those are the two ________.
②The shop has a wide ________ of hats.
③The final team ________ will be made tomorrow.
【答案】　①alternatives　②choice　③selection
单项填空
④(2013·天水高二质检)In th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is school，the students have three ________ courses and seven ________ courses.
A．required；alternative
B．requiring；alternative
C．require；alternate
D．require；alternative
【解析】　句意：在这所学校里，学生有三门必修课，七门选修课。空处分别为过去分词和形容词作宾语修饰courses。
【答案】　A
2．starvation n．挨饿；饿死
Did they suffer from cold，starvation or disease？(教材P37)他们遭受寒冷，饥饿或疾病吗？
There are ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny people suffering from starvation in the world at present.
现在，世界上仍然有许多人在挨饿。
starve vt.& vi.(使)饿死；渴望
starve...to death 使……饿死
starve to death 饿死
starve for sth.渴求/需要什么
starve to do sth.想要干某事
starve sb.into sth./into doing sth.
断绝食物(或资金)来源以迫使某人做某事
　The explorers starved to death in the desert.
探险者们在沙漠中饿死了。
They starved their enemies into giving in.
他们断绝敌人的食物来源迫使他们屈服。
完成句子
①She's________(挨饿)herself to lose weight.
②At present no one suffers from________(挨饿)．
【答案】　①starving　②starvation
3. It_is_a_great_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pleasure_to_meet you students from England，who are interested in archaeology.(教材P38)很高兴见到你们这些来自英国的且对考古学感兴趣的学生。
这是一个复合句。who引 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词students；主句部分It is a great pleasure to meet you students from England，是一个以it作形式主语的句子，真正的主语是to meet you students from England。
It is very important for us to learn English well.
对我们来说学好英语非常重要。
it作形式主语的句型有：
It＋be＋n./adj.＋v.?ing结构
It＋be＋n./adj.＋(for sb.)to do sth.
It＋be＋n./adj.＋of sb.to do sth.
It＋be＋n./adj.＋that...
　It is no use crying.哭是没有用处的。
It is not easy fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r a person to do good things all his/her life.一个人一辈子做好事是不容易的。
It was foolish of her to waste money on such clothes.
她真蠢，把钱花在买这些衣服上。
【提示】　在此句型中表示赞扬或批 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )评的形容词是wise，clever，stupid，foolish，kind，nice，good，rude，cruel等时，介词of不能换成for。此句型也可以转换成sb.＋be＋adj.＋to do sth.。
She was foolish to waste money on such clothes.
她很愚蠢花钱买这种衣服。
It is foolish________them to make such mistakes.
A．for　　　B．on　　　C．at　　　D．of
【解析】　在it作形式主语的句型中，若形容词是表示赞扬或批评(人)的，要用介词of。
【答案】　D
4．interrupt v．打断；中断；插嘴
I'm sorry to inte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrupt you but how could they live here？(教材P38)对不起，打断了你(的讲话)，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？
Don't interrupt the speaker；ask questions afterwards.
不要打断演说者，等他讲完后再问问题。
①interruption n．中断；阻断物
without interruption 不间断地
②interruptive adj.阻碍的；打扰的
　The birth of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) her son was a minor interruption to her career.她儿子的出生对她的事业造成一个小小的中断。
I managed to work for two hours without interruption.我总算连续工作了两个小时。
interrupt/disturb
interrupt 突然中断、打断他人言语或行为，使其不能继续。
disturb 较正式用词，多用被动语态。指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序。
　You'd better not interrupt him.He is sleeping.
你最好别打扰他。他在睡觉。
The noise of the machine disturbed my sleep last night.
昨晚，机器的噪声使得我没睡好觉。
完成句子
①他们的谈话被敲门声打断了。
Their talk ________ by a knock at the door.
②她连续讲了50分钟。
She spoke for 50 minutes ________.
【答案】　①was interrupted　②without interruption
单项填空
③If you keep __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______ with silly questions，I shall go out of my senses.
A．interrupt　　　　　B．interrupting
C．interrupted D．to interrupt
【解析】　keep doing意为“总是做……”；go/be out of senses意为“发疯；失去理智”。
【答案】　B
5．So we think it is re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )asonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless_of the cold.(教材P38)
因此我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。
(1)assume v．假定；假想；以为；假装；装作；担任；承担
I had assumed him to be a Belgian.
我本以为他是比利时人。
Don't always assume the worst.别总往最坏处想。
①assume sb./sth.to be...假定/假设某人/某事为……
It is assumed that...……被认为……
②assumption n．假定；设想
make an assumption认为，假定
on the assumption that...假定……
③assuming that假设/假定
　It is generally a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssumed that stress is caused by too much work.普遍认为压力来自于过多的工作。
assume/guess/imagine
assume 假设；设想；认为。指很少或完全无根据的心理推测，并非合乎逻辑的推理，或指为论证而提出有一定根据的假设。
guess 猜测；猜想。最常用词，指毫无根据仅凭个人主观臆断或碰运气的猜测。
imagine 想象。指毫无根据随意想象，可在脑海中构成明确的、清晰的图像。
　I'm sorry I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) couldn't guess who you were on the telephone.对不起，我在电话里听不出你是谁。
用assume/guess/imagine的适当形式填空
①假如明天下雨，我们该怎么办？
________it rains tomorrow，what shall we do
②我们难以想象没有电的生活情形。
We can hardly ________life without electricity.
③我猜不到你的心思。
I can't ________your thoughts.
【答案】　①Assuming　②imagine　③guess
(2)regardless of不管；不顾
They rebuilt the house regardless of cost.
他们不惜成本重建了那所房子。
He went to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he rescue of a drowning child regardless of his personal safety.
他把个人安危置之度外去救一个溺水儿童。
regardless of/despite/in spite of
这三个短语都可以表示“不管，不顾”，但是用法不同。
regardless of 不管；不顾；不理会。一般用语。
despite 虽然；尽管；不顾。语气较弱，多用于诗歌或正式的文体中。
in spite of 虽然，尽管；不顾。多用于书面语，语气较重。
　Despite the fact ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that the doctor told him to rest，Jack went to Spain.
尽管医生嘱咐他休息，但杰克还是去了西班牙。
In spite of all his efforts，he failed in his English exam.
尽管他付出了极大努力，他的英语考试还是不及格。
【提示】　regardless，despite，in spite of后不能直接跟从句，但可以接the fact that...。
用in spite of或regardless of填空
④________ the weather，the sports meeting will be held on time.
⑤________ all the danger signs，they went swimming.
⑥I went out ________ heavy rain.
【答案】　④Regardless of　⑤In spite of　⑥regardless of/in spite of
6．We've discovered ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fireplaces in the centre of the caves where_they_made_fires.(教材P38)
我们发现在洞穴的中央有生火用的火炉。
(1)这是一个复合句。we've dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )covered fireplaces in the centre of the caves是主句部分，where引导一个定语从句，修饰先行词the caves，并在定语从句中作状语。
(2)where引导定语从句，在定语从句中作地点状语，其先行词一般是表示地点的名词，相当于介词＋which。
Is there a shop aro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und where(in which) we can get fruit？附近有我们能买到水果的商店吗？
【提示】　where在从句中只能充当状语，如果不是作状语，就要换用that或which。
This is the factory where his father worked last year.
这是去年他父亲工作的那家工厂。
This is the factory (which/that) we visited yesterday.
这是我们昨天参观的那家工厂。
【对接高考】　
(2013·北京高考)Many countr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ies are now setting up national parks________animals and plants can be protected.
A．when　　B．which　　C．whose　　D．where
【解析】　题干的意思是：眼下， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )许多国家正在建立一些国家公园，动物和植物在那儿可以得到保护。分析结构可知，此处是考查定语从句的引导词，先行词为national parks，定语从句中缺少地点状语，要用where来引导，相当于in which。关系副词when在定语从句中作时间状语；which在定语从句中作主语、宾语；whose只作定语，三者均不符合语境，故正确答案为D项。解答这类题目首先要找准先行词，然后根据定语从句所缺的成分来确定选项。
【答案】　D
用适当的关系代词或副词填空
①This is a house ________ Lu Xun once lived.
②This is the pen ________ I'm looking for.
③They have reache ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the point ________ they have to separate with each other.
【答案】　①in which/where　②that/which　③where
7．It seems tha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t they used the sharpened stone tools to cut_up animals and remove their skin.(教材P38)
看样子他们可能是用磨尖的石器来切割野兽并剥皮。
(1)sharpen vi.& vt.使尖锐；使急剧；变尖锐，变急剧
The walk has sharpened my appetite.
散步增加了我的食欲。
sharp adj.锋利的；急剧的；敏锐的；尖刻的
sharpener n．磨具；削具
sharpen sth. up使达到标准；使符合质量要求
　Be careful with that knife—it's very sharp.
当心那把刀子——它很锋利。
He decided to come here at two o'clock sharp.
他决定两点整来这儿。
【教师备课资源】　
en是后缀，en 是前缀。
有些名词、形容词前或后加上该词辍后可构成动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，表示“变为”、“使有”、“变得”、“变得有”，如：hearten，strengthen，darken，harden，weaken，ripen，soften，enrich，enlarge等。一些物质名词之后加上该词缀后可构成形容词，表示“由……制作的”，如：wooden，woolen，golden。
　
用所给单词的正确形式填空
①The sky began to ________(dark) as the storm approached.
②The government's pow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er needs to be ________(strong) not ________(weak)．
③The ________(gold) ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e only comes to men when they have forgotten ________(gold)．
④A pencil ________(sharp) is a device that can be used to ________(sharp) a pencil.
【答案】　①darken　②strengthened；weakened
③golden；gold　④sharpener；sharpen
(2)cut up切碎；剪碎；用刀等把某物切成小块；摧毁，粉碎；使伤心；使悲痛
He has to have his food cut up for him.
他得让人替他把食物切碎。
Our army cut up the enemy's forces.
我们的军队摧毁了敌人的武装部队。
He was badly cut up by the news of his son's death.
得知儿子的死讯，他极为悲伤。
cut across 抄近路；径直穿过
cut away切掉；剪掉
cut down 砍倒；杀死；消减，缩短
cut in 插嘴；突然插入
cut into halves/pieces切成两半/碎块
cut out切掉；删掉
cut through 将……凿穿；抄近道
cut off 切掉；砍掉；从……上截下
　I wish Jane would stop cutting in on our conversation.
我希望简不要打断我们的谈话。
One of his fingers was cut off in the accident.
在那场事故中，他的一个手指被切掉了。
They decided to cut through the forest.
他们决定抄近路穿过森林。
用适当的介/副词填空
⑤Our water supply has been cut ________.
⑥She was pretty cut________ about them leaving.
⑦It is impolite for ch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ildren to cut________ when their seniors are talking.
⑧The car industry cut________production.
⑨They cut________all the dead branches from the tree.
⑩I usually cut________the park on my way home.
【答案】　⑤off　⑥up　⑦in　⑧down　⑨away　⑩across
8．ample adj.足够的；充足的；富裕的；大的；宽敞的
After that th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ey would rub an ample amount of salt onto the skin...(教材P38)
然后，他们可能在兽皮上边擦上大量的盐……
We have ample money for the journey.
我们用于度假的钱很充裕。
We have ample supply of water.
我们的水供应很充足。
【教师备课资源】　
“足够”的程度：
ample
充足有余＞足够＞adequate
刚够
完成句子
①We have ________________ (充足的贮存空间) in our new house.
②We have ________________(充足的食物供应)．
【答案】　①ample storage room　②ample supplies of food
9．...as_the_b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )otanical_analyses_have_shown_us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.(教材P39)
……正如植物学分析结果所显示的那样，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。
句中as引导的是非限制性定语从句，并在从句中作宾语，指后面句子的内容。
The Pacific is the largest ocean，as we all know.
太平洋是最大的洋，这一点我们都知道。(正如我们所知道的，太平洋是最大的洋。)
as/which
as与which在引导非限制性定语从句时的区别
as的用法 ①在从句中通常作主语指代整个主句；
②表示的意思是正如，正像；
③其引导的定语从句既可以放在主句之前也可以放在主句之后。
which的用法 ①关系代词，在从句中作主语或宾语，指代人或物。
②当指代整个主句时表示的意思是主句和从句之间是因果关系即因为所以。
③其引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
　As we expected，we won the game.
我们赢了，这一点在我们预料之中。(正如我们预料的一样，我们赢了。)
As is known to all，he is the best student in our class.
众所周知，他是我们班上最好的学生。(正如我们所知道的一样，他是我们班上最好的学生。)
Tom suddenly fell ill，which made us sad.
汤姆突然病倒，这使得我们很伤心。
He has to work on Sunday，which he doesn't like.
他周日还得上班，这是他不喜欢的。
【对接高考】　
(2013·山东高考)There i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s no simple answer，________ is often the case in science.
A．as B．that
C．when D．where
【解析】　句意：没有简单的答案，在科学上 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况通常是这样。因句中有逗号，其后面的句子中无连词引导，可判断是定语从句。本句的先行词是空格前的整个句子，有此用法的是 as。as在句中意为“正如，正像”。“as is often the case”常被看作是一个固定搭配，意为“情况通常是这样”，符合句意。that不能引导非限制性定语从句，when的先行词在后面的定语从句中作时间状语，where的先行词在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，故B、C、D三项都不符合句意，应被排除。
【答案】　A
用as，which填空
①He passed the exam，________ surprised us a lot.
②He passed the exam，________ we had expected.
③________ was reported，ten people were badly injured in the accident.
【答案】　①which　②as　③As
Period ⅢLearning about Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的复习让学生能够理解并能够运用本单元的语法知识：现在完成进行时 。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
老师检查上节课所布置的作业，检查学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )生对学案预习的情况。 让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第82页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。 让学生针对各自不同的意见展开讨论，然后老师给出详细正确答案。
老师对语法部分给以点拨。让学生掌握 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本单元语法知识。 让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见学案第83页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。 老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。
　　　　
让学生完成“当堂双基达标”( ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )见学案第84页)。 师生共同讨论“当堂双基达标”并给出答案，并对难以理解的或有争议的地方给出详解。 自我评估(见学案第85页)。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　布置作业。让学生完成课本第40页2、3 题，预习学案Period Ⅳ (见学案第85页)。
1．significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
His university was aware of the significance of his work.(教材P40)
他所在的大学知道到他的工作的重要性。
The significance f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )or college students of doing a part?time job means more than money.
大学生打工的意义不仅在于钱。
The factory set up ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the year before is of great significance to this area's economy.前年建起的这个工厂对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。
①the significance of...……的重要性/含义
be of (great) significance 有(重大)意义/(非常)重要
be of no significance 无意义/不重要
be of little significance 不太重要
②significant adj.重大的；重要的；显著的
③significantly adv.有重大意义地；显著地；明显地；
有某种意义
　It is significan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t that girls generally do better in examinations than boys.
很明显，女生的考试成绩一般比男生的好。
Significantly，he d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )id not deny that there might be an election.值得注意的是，他没有否认可能举行选举。
【教师备课资源】　
of＋抽象名词相当于抽象名词对应的形容词，即：be of significance＝be significant，如：
be of importance＝be important
be of use＝be useful
be of value＝be valuable
　
用significance的适当形式填空
①The two sets of figures are not________different.
②It is________that he changed his will only days before his death.
③The new drug has great________for the treatment of the disease.
【答案】　①significantly　②significant　③significance
完成句子
④______________ (有什么意义) of the speech
⑤The new drug ________________(意义重大) for the treatment of the disease.
⑥It's a decision ________________ (具有重大政治意义)．
【答案】　④What's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the significance　⑤has great significance/is of great significance　⑥of great political significance
2. somehow adv.不知怎么地；以某种方式
Somehow he cycled thirty miles to Dr.Black...(教材P40)
不知怎么地，他骑车30英里去了布莱克医生家……
Somehow，I don't feel I can trust him.
不知什么原因，我觉得我不能信任他。
We'll get there somehow.我们得设法到那里。
【提示】　副词somehow可置于句首、句中或句末。置于句首及句末时，也可与主句之间用逗号隔开。
someway＝somehow以某种方式；不知怎么地
somewhat adv.稍微；有点儿
anyhow＝anyway无论如何；尽管，即使这样
　The water was very cold but I took a shower anyway.
水很冷，不过我还是洗了个淋浴。
Anyhow I must finish this job today.
我今天无论如何要完成这项工作。
This book is somewhat difficult for me.
这本书对我而言稍微困难些。
(2013·泰州高二检测) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I'm sorry I didn't recognize you just now.You look different________.
A．somewhat　　　　　　　　　B．somehow
C．anyhow D．anyway
【解析】　句意：很抱歉刚才没认出你来。不知怎么地，你看上去不一样了。根据句意可知答案为B项。
【答案】　B
3. be fed up with受够了，饱受，厌烦
Well，I'm fed up with all the attention...(教材P41)
噢，我厌烦了所有的关注……
I'm fed up with the job.我对这份工作极其厌烦。
People get fed up with all these traffic jams.
人们厌烦这么多的交通堵塞。
feed back反应；反馈
feed sb./sth.on sth.用……喂养……
feed sth.to sb./sth.喂……给……
feed on sth.(动物)以……为食，靠……活
live on sth.(人)以……为主食；靠……生活
　The girl fed her dog on fish most of the time.
这个姑娘常常用鱼喂她的狗。
Cattle feed chiefly on grass.牛主要以草为食。
【教师备课资源】　
表示“对……厌倦”的短语有：
be tired of
be bored with
　
用适当的介/副词填空
①You can feed these carrots________the rabbits.
②People here live________rice chiefly.
③Test results will be fed________to the schools.
【答案】　①to　②on　③back
完成句子
④我对站在这么长的队伍中感到厌烦。
I ____________ in such a long line.
⑤我对你的说辞已经听厌了。
I ____________ your story.
【答案】　④am fed up with standing　⑤am fed up with
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会动词的时态的含义与用法。
①We've_been_excavating here for many years and....
②We have_found human and animal bones in those caves...
③We've_discovere ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d fireplaces in the centre of the caves where they made fires.
④We've_been_finding the bones of tigers and bears in the caves，...
⑤Yes，indeed，as the botanical analyses have_shown us，...
[自我总结]
以上句子中画线部分的时态分别为②、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )③、⑤句中为____________，①、④句中为______________。______________由have/has＋been＋动词的__________构成，表示由过去某一时间开始一直持续到现在的动作，动作可能刚刚结束，也可能继续进行下去。
【答案】　现在完成时；现在完成进行时；现在完成进行时；现在分词
动词的时态
1．表示现阶段经常发生或反复发生的动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作或存在的状态，用一般现在时，常与always，usually，often，sometimes，every week(day，year，month...)，once a week，on Sundays等表示频度的副词或词组连用。此外，表示客观真理、科学事实及格言等方面的情况，也要使用一般现在时。
Why are you always so mean
你为什么总是这么小气？(经常性情况)
A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
双鸟在林不如一鸟在手。(格言)
2．表示某个动作或某个时间之前发生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的情况或存在的状态，用完成时态。现在之前发生的情况或存在的状态，用现在完成时；过去某个动作或时间之前发生的情况或存在的状态，用过去完成时；将来某个动作或时间之前发生的情况或存在的状态，用将来完成时。完成时常与“by＋时间点”(如by the end of this month)、“for＋时间段”(如for two years)或“since＋时间点”(如since 2005)等时间状语连用。
Have you seen her lately
你最近见到过她吗？(现在完成时)
I had been at the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )us stop for 20 minutes when a bus came.当公共汽车来的时候，我已在车站等了20分钟。(过去完成时)
He will have fin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ished writing his novel by the end of next year.到明年年底他就会写完他的小说了。(将来完成时)
【提示】　
①arrive，go，finish，join等终止性动词用于完成时态时，不可与表示时间段的状语连用，否则要改变句型或更换动词。
译：他们到达这里多久了？
[误]How long have they arrived here
[正]How long have they been here
[正]How long ago did they arrive here
[正]How long is it/has it been since they arrived here
②hardly...wh ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en，scarcely...before，no sooner...than均表示“一……就”，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时，从句的谓语动词用一般过去时。
We had hardly started when the car got a flat tyre.
我们恰巧刚开动，车子的轮胎就漏气了。
3．表示某个时候正在发生的动作，用进行时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )态，常与相应的时间状语连用。现在正在发生的情况，用现在进行时；过去某个时候正在发生的情况，用过去进行时；将来某个时候正在发生的情况，用将来进行时。
Who is swimming in the lake
谁正在湖里游泳？(现在进行时)
He was reading when I came in.
我进来时他正在看书。(进去进行时)
This time next w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eek we shall be working in that factory.下个星期的这个时候，我们将在那个工厂工作。(将来进行时)
4．现在完成进行时表示动作从过去 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某一时间开始一直延续到现在，其动作可能仍将继续延续下去，强调已发生的动作正在进行，或表示动作的反复；过去完成进行时表示动作从过去某一时间开始，一直延续到过去某一时间，并继续进行的动作。
My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.
二十年来我的母亲一直在教英语。(现在完成进行时)
He had been writing the letter till two o'clock.
他写那封信一直写到两点。(过去完成进行时)
5．现在完成进行时和现在完成时的比较。
(1)现在完成进行时和现 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )在完成时都可以表示动作的持续，二者有时可以互换。但现在完成时强调过去的动作对现在的影响或产生的结果；现在完成进行时则强调动作的延续性。
They have been living in Beijing for ten years.
他们一直住在北京十年了。
They have lived in Beijing for ten years.
他们住在北京已经十年了。
(2)现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复，而现在完成时一般不表示重复性。
Have you been meeting him recently
你最近一直见他吗？
Have you met him recently？你最近见过他吗？
(3)现在完成进行时有时含有感彩，而现在完成时一般不含有感彩。
What has Tom been doing
汤姆一直都在做什么？(表示惊异)
What has Tom done？汤姆做什么了？
【提示】　有些动词不能用于现在完成进行时，但可用于现在完成时：
状态动词be，have，exist；
情感动词like，love，hate，detest；
感觉动词see，hear，know，feel，sound；
短暂动作的动词finish，marry，get up，come，go等。
They have finished the work.
他们已完成了这份工作。
I haven't seen her for a long time.
我有很长时间没有见到她了。
The foreign expert has been in China since 1990.
自从1990年开始，这个外国专家就一直待在中国。
They have been married for 20 years.
他们结婚已经20年了。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·济南高二检测) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I'm really ________ this weather－why can't it be sunny for a change
A．caught up with　　　　　　B．come up with
C．fed up with D．put up with
【解析】　句意：我真的受够了这 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )种天气——为什么不改变一下，出出太阳？be fed up with“厌倦，厌烦”，符合句意。catch up with“追上，赶上”；come up with“想出”；put up with“忍受”。这三个短语应用主动语态。
【答案】　C
2．This discovery of oil is of great ________ to this area's economy.
A．significance B．accuracy
C．satisfaction D．assumption
【解析】　句意：石油的发现对于这一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地区的经济发展有着重要意义。be of great significance“有重要意义的”。accuracy“精确”；satisfaction“满足，满意”；assumption“假设”。
【答案】　A
3．I was overjoyed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) pass the oral English test ________，though I was not good at it.
A．as a result B．though
C．anyway D．somehow
【解析】　句意：我非常高兴不知怎么地我竟然通过了英语口语考试，尽管我并不擅长英语口语。somehow“以某种方式；不知怎么地”。
【答案】　D
4．—Jim，why are you so happy today
—I've finally got the toy car I ________.
A．have been expected B．have been expecting
C．expected D．expects
【解析】　根据上下文语境，可知Jim在过去这段时间里一直盼望着得到一个玩具汽车，用现在完成进行时，故选B。
【答案】　B
5．When you reach ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the other end of the bridge，I ________right there to show you the way.
A．wait B．have waited
C．was waiting D．will be waiting
【解析】　考查时态。根据本句的时间状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句可知，表示的是将来的时间，而且后半句强调的是“那时我就在桥的那头等你”，表示将来某个时刻正在进行的动作，所以用将来进行时。
【答案】　D
6．(2013·上饶高二检测)—Remember the first time we met
—Sure.You________in the supermarket.
A．had shopped B．have shopped
C．were shopping D．shopped
【解析】　考查过去进行时的用法。这里指的是过去某个时间，就是我们第一次见面的时候正在做的动作，所以用过去进行时。
【答案】　C
7．Even though he ________ for the competition for several months，he is still not sure about it.
A．is preparing
B．prepared
C．had been preparing
D．has been preparing
【解析】　考查动词时态。句意：尽管他数月来一直为竞赛做准备，但他仍感觉无把握。选D。
【答案】　D
8．She came to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )live in Yantai the year before and ________ there since.
A．lives B．has lives
C．had lived D．has been living
【解析】　根据句意可知，自从前年她来烟台居住以来，一直生活在那里，此处强调动作的持续性。
【答案】　D
9．—I had got a backache.
—No wonder.You ________ in front of the computer too long.
A．sit B．are sitting
C．have been sitting D．sat
【解析】　句意：——我头痛。——不奇怪，你在电脑前坐的时间太长了。选C。
【答案】　C
10．It is said that the flood of the city ________ by two meters.
A．has fallen B．had fallen
C．is falling D．was falling
【解析】　句意：据说这座城市的洪水已下降了两米。此处强调动作的结果。
【答案】　A
Ⅱ.完成句子(用现在完成时及现在完成进行时)
1.—My neck is aching.
—No wond ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er.You __________________ (玩) computer games for four hours.
2．The couple __________________ (一直考虑) Australia for a long time，but they __________________ (没决定) yet.
3．They __________________ (一直讨论这个问题) without interruption for about two hours.
4．They __________________ (已修)the car for almost one week；now they can have a rest.
5．He __________________ (刚刚完成) his paper，and gone out for pleasure.
6．The Chinese go ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vernment __________________ (已经采取了) several measures to overcome difficulties brought by the American crisis financial.
7．Over the pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st ten years，the sea level __________________(在上升) as a result of global warming.
8．Excuse me，Mary， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a man named Tom __________________(一直打电话) all day.Would you like to talk to him
【答案】　1.have been playing　2.have been considering；
haven't decided　3.have been discussing the problem
4．have repaired　5.has just finished　6.has taken
7．has been rising　8.has been calling
Period ⅣUsing Language
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法并给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握描述考古发现的写作方法。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是描述一个考古发现或遗迹。是一种使用广泛的说明文的写作手法，在高考中占有一定的地位。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
现代人经常有各种各样的聚会，你知道早期的人类是怎样聚会的吗？那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解一些情况吧。
●教学流程设计
检查上节课所布置作业。 导入新课。 学生快速阅读课文(见课本第43页)并根据学案所设置的问题做出判断。
学生共同讨论。师生统一答案。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 让学生再次仔细阅读课文，并完成学案中“语篇理解”部分(见学案第85页)。 学生就学案中的问题相互交换意见。老师指导学生统一答案。
　　　　
学生完成“要点讲练”部分(见学案第86 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页)。 学生共同讨论，并让学生发表各自见解，最后统一答案。 学生完成“情景交际”部分(见学案第89页)。
让学生完成自我评估(见学案第90页)，课本 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )第45页Summing up。 学生完成“写作提升”部分(见学案第90页)。 老师指导学生共同找出答案。讲解本单元交际话题，并从高考命题角度来分析本交际话题。　　　　　　
让学生做“课时作业”。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )老师布置作业：让学生课下做“单元归纳提升”部分(见学案第91页)和Workbook 第 79 页Using words and Expressions第1、2、3题 。第80 页Using structures第1、2、3题。
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P43课文，判断正误
1．The main idea of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) passage is the differences between early life and modern life.(　　)
2．Because she f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eared her husband would get angry for her delay，Lala accelerated (加速) her walk.(　　)
3．According to the p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )assage，we know what Dahu usually did was collecting fruit.(　　)
【答案】　1－3　T F F
Ⅱ. 语篇理解
阅读P43课文，选择最佳答案
1. What's the best TITLE of the text
A．The marriage of Lala and Dahu
B．The collection of foods
C．The preparations for the feast
2．According to the text，which job was often done by Lala
A．Collecting fruit.
B．Killing animals.
C．Sharpening scrapers.
3．Lala's guests came to ________.
A．dance
B．talk about an important thing
C．enjoy a feast
4．Dahu went out to sharpen the scrapers to ________.
A．kill an enemy
B．use them as weapons
C．cut up the meat
5．From the text we can infer that family groups ________
A．lived together
B．lived far away
C．lived separately
【答案】　1－5 C A C C C
1．If only it could be just like last year！(教材P43)
要是能像去年那样就好了！
if only要是……就好了，引导感叹句或状语从句，动词用虚拟语气，表示愿望或未实现的条件。
I am sorry I have failed in the exam.If only I had worked harder!
太遗憾了，我考试没及格。要是更用功就好了！
If only my mother were here with me now!
要是母亲现在和我在一起就好了！
【提示】　if only“要是… ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )…就好了；但愿……”。if only后的句子常用虚拟语气，表达强烈的愿望或遗憾。if only所在的句子可以用一般过去时(表示与现在事实可能相反)、过去将来时(表示与将来事实可能相反)或过去完成时(表示与过去事实相反)。
if only/only if
if only “但愿，要是……就好了”，引导感叹句或状语从句，动词用虚拟语气，表示愿望或未实现的条件。
only if “只有……才，直到……才” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，引导条件状语从句，不用虚拟语气，其中的only表示强调。因为状语从句放在句首，又用only强调，所以主句主、谓语要倒装。
　If only she would pass the examination!
但愿她考试能及格！
Only if you study hard can you pass the examination.
你只有努力学习，才能通过考试。
单项填空
①(2013·蓬莱高二检测)—What's your feeling now
—I am terribly sorry.If only I________here yesterday!
A．came　　　　　　B．would have come
C．have come D．had come
【解析】　考查if only的用法。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )if only“要是……就好了”，由时间状语yesterday来看，这是对过去所发生事情的虚拟，所以用过去完成时。
【答案】　D
翻译句子
②要是他能给我回信就好了！
______________________________________________
③你要是昨天来帮我们就好了！
______________________________________________
④只要你不告诉别人，我就告诉你。
______________________________________________
【答案】　②If only he would reply to my letter!
③If only you had come to help us yesterday!
④Only if you don't tell anyone else will I tell you.
2．applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
She had felt s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o proud as the group shouted loudly to applaud his choice.(教材P43)当族人为他的选择欢呼鼓掌的时候，她(拉拉)觉得非常自豪。
He started to applaud and the others joined in.
他开始鼓掌，其他人也跟着鼓起掌来。
①applaud sb./sth.(for sth.)(因某事)赞赏某人/某事
②applause n．鼓掌；喝彩；夸奖；赞扬
win the applause of...赢得……的掌声
　All of us applaud you for your decision.
我们都赞成你的决定。
Give her a big round of applause！为她热烈鼓掌！
完成句子
①People all ____________________(称赞他的勇敢)．
②The audience all stood up and ______________(为那位演讲者鼓掌)．
【答案】　①applauded him for his bravery　②applauded the speaker
3．look ahead向前看；为将来打算
If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year！(教材P43)
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
He looked ahead in order to find his mother.
为了找到他的妈妈，他向前看去。
Looking ahead，I think the company needs to develop some new services.
为将来做打算，我认为公司需要发展一批新业务。
look around/round 仔细查看；寻找
look after 照料，照顾；关心；注意
look back 回顾；回想
look down upon/on歧视；看不起
look forward to希望；盼望
look on sb.as把某人看做(或当做)
look into调查，审查
look out当心；注意
look through浏览；仔细看
look up好转，有起色；向上看；查找
look up and down 上下打量
　Usually the little k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ids are looking forward to the festival.通常小孩子们都盼望节日。
You can look up this word in the vocabulary.
你可以在词汇表里查这个词。
完成句子
①A special investigator will ________ (调查) the murders.
②She ________(匆匆看) her notes before the examination.
③________(展望未来 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))，we must expect radical changes to be made in our system of government.
④Mr. Garcia________(看不起)anyone who hasn't had a college education.
⑤I'm really________(盼望)our vacation.
【答案】　①look into ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　②looked through　③Looking ahead　④looks down on　⑤looking forward to
4．accelerate vi.& vt.加速；促进
Having heard wolve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s howling in the forest，Lala accelerated her walk up the path to the caves fearing that there might be wild beasts lying in wait for her.(教材P43)
听见狼群在森林里嚎叫，拉拉加快了回洞穴的步伐，担心会有野兽在等着她。
She accelerated her car and passed the bus in front.
她加快车速超过了前面的公共汽车。
The new policy accelerated the fall of the government.
新政策的出台加速了该政府的倒台。
acceleration n．[U]加速；促进
　The figures show ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an acceleration in the rate of economic growth.这些数字显示了经济增长率的加速。
accelerate/hurry/quicken/speed
accelerate vi. & vt. 强调运动速度或事情进展的加快，但并不一定只用于速度。
hurry n. & vt. &vi. 强调造成混乱、妨碍精神集中的匆忙活动。
quicken vt. & vi. 强调所需时间的缩短，并含有“激发、刺激”的意思。
speed n. & vt. & vi. 强调运动或进展的快速，作及物动词时，意为“加速”；作不及物动词时，作“高速行驶，高速前进”讲。
　He decided to accelerate his advertising.
他决定增加广告量。
He hurried across the rails in front of a train.
他匆匆地赶在一列火车前面穿过了铁轨。
Good debate can quicken one's mind.
好的辩论能使人头脑敏锐。
Can you speed up？你能加速吗？
(2013·邢台高二检测)As is we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll known，peasants often use special chemicals to ________ the growth of crops.
A．improve　　　　　　B．increase
C．promote D．accelerate
【解析】　句意：我们都知道，农民经 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常使用特制的化学肥料来促进庄稼的生长。improve“改善，增进”；increase“增加，增长”；promote“促进，提升”；这三个词都不能接growth作宾语。accelerate“加快，促进(某事物)”，可接growth作宾语，表示“促进(庄稼的)生长”。【答案】　D
5．She had_almost_re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.(教材P43)快到达目的地的时候，一阵香气扑鼻，她不往前走了，停了下来。
(1)when作为并列连词，常常意为“……在这时……”，强调动作的突发性。
We had just fallen asleep when the bell rang.
我们刚刚入睡，突然铃声响了起来。
be doing...when...正在做……时突然……
be about to do...when...正要做……时突然……
be just going to do...when...正要……这时……
had just done...when...刚刚……突然……
be on the point of doing...when...正要……这时……
　I was about to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )do my homework when Ted asked me to play football with him.
我正要做作业，这时特德要我和他踢足球。
I was watching TV when someone knocked at the door.我正在看电视，就在那时有人敲门。
单项填空
①She had just fini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )shed her homework________her mother asked her to practise playing the piano yesterday.
A．when　　B．while　　C．after　　D．since
【解析】　句意：昨天她刚做 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )完作业，她妈妈就让她练钢琴。when在本句中作并列连词，意为“这时”。while作并列连词，表示“对比转折”；after为从属连词或介词，意为“在……之后”；since“自从……时候，既然……”。
【答案】　A
(2)arrest vt.逮捕；吸引；阻止；中止 n．逮捕；拘留
The police were called ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in，but they could not arrest anyone.警察被叫来了，但他们不能逮捕任何人。
They failed to arrest the company's decline.
他们未能阻止公司的衰落。
arrest sb.for 因……而逮捕某人
get arrested 遭逮捕
arrest one's attention引起某人注意
under arrest 在关押中
make an arrest 进行拘捕
　Her warning tone arrested my attention.
她警告的语气引起我的注意。
The police made sev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eral arrests during the football match.警方在足球赛时逮捕了一些人。
He was arrested for causing a serious car accident.
他因造成严重车祸而被逮捕。
单项填空
②The boy cried to________his mother's attention.
A．pay　　B．arrest　　C．touch　　D．wait
【解析】　句意：这小男孩哭是为了引起他母亲 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的注意。arrest one's attention“引起某人的注意”，为固定搭配。其他几个词没有这种用法。
【答案】　B
完成句子
③You could________(要遭逮捕)doing that.
④His words__________(引起了人们的注意)．
【答案】　③get arrested for　④arrested people's attention
6．Abruptly she sat dow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n，only_to_be_scooped_up_by_her_laughing，shouting_sister，Luna.(P43)
突然间她坐了下来，却被她那又笑又叫的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。
(1)本句中的主句是abruptly ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she sat down，不定式短语only to be scooped up...作结果状语；现在分词laughing和shouting作定语，修饰sister。
(2)不定式作结果状语，通常表示事与愿违或出乎意料的结果。
I went to see home，only to find him out.
我去看他，不料他出去了。
I rushed to Li Hua's home，only to be told that he was out.
我匆忙赶到李华家，结果被告知他不在。
【提示】　 不定式在句中作结果状语，强调意料不到的结果；而动词?ing形式在句中作结果状语，强调必然的结果。
The fire was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) too big and out of control，burning the whole building down.
火太大并失去了控制，把整座楼都烧倒了。
【对接高考】　
(2012·四川高考)Tom took ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a taxi to the airport，only ________ his plane high up in the sky.
A．finding B．to find
C．being found D．to have found
【解析】　句意：汤姆乘出租车 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )去机场，却发现他要乘坐的飞机高高地飞在空中。由语境可知，此处指出乎意料地发现飞机起飞了。only to do表示出乎意料的结果，故选B项。
【答案】　B
完成句子
①He hurried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to the station，__________(结果发现)that the train had left.(find)
②He dropped the glass onto the floor，____________(摔碎了)．(break)
【答案】　①only to find　②breaking it into pieces
7．date back to＝date from追溯到……
All the obje ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cts are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.(教材P44)所有的这些物体来自相同的三星堆遗址，能够追溯到3 000到5 000年前。
The castle dates back to the ancient Roman days.
此城堡建于古罗马时代。
In China，the needle tr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eatment dates back to ancient times.在我国，针刺疗法从古代起就有了。
out of date 过时的，过期的
up to date 最新(up?to?date adj.最新式的)
to date 到目前为止，至今
set/fix a date for sth.约定……的日期
have a date with sb.同某人约会
go on a date去约会
　Have you set a date for the wedding
婚礼的日子定下来了吗？
We're going on a date on Friday night.
我们星期五晚上去约会。
【提示】　date from与date ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) back to一般用主动语态。而且当谈论现存的一件物品时，虽然该物品制造于过去某一时期，date from，date back to却通常用一般现在时。
单项填空
①This is an early chur ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch，________from the ninth century，which was rebuilt under the direction of San Carlo Borromeo.
A．dated B．being dated
C．dating D．dates
【解析】　考查非谓语动词。date from只用于主动语态，故排除A、B两项；D项为谓语动词形式，不合题意。此处dating为分词作定语。
【答案】　C
完成句子
②This is an old building________(追溯至14世纪)．
③This custom__________(起源于)the 16th century.
【答案】　②dating back to the 14th century
③dates back to
Assumption假设，猜想
1．Perhaps there was...也许有……
—Is there someone in the classroom
教室里有人吗？
—Perhaps there are two.也许有两个。
2．It could be...because...
可能……因为……
—Where is my hat？我的帽子在哪里？
—It could ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be on the bed because you were lying on the bed.可能在床上，因为你刚刚在床上躺着。
3．It is reasonable to assume that...
假定……是有理由的。
—What do you think of the decision
你认为这个决定怎么样？
—It is reasonable to assume that it will be a success.
假定成功是有道理的。
4.It may/might have been used as/for...
它可能已经被用为……
—What was it used for？它是做什么用的？
—It might have been used as needles.
它可能已经被用作针了。
5．It seems that...好像……
—What was that？那是什么？
—It seems that a bone came from the animal's head.
好像是来自动物头部的一块骨头。
Suggestions建议
1．I think that we should...because...
我认为我们应该……因为……
2．What if...
如果……将会怎么样？
3．Perhaps we should/could...
也许我们应该/能……
4．I suggest we...
我建议我们……
Features特征描写
1．It looks like...看起来像……
—What does the ape look like？猿是什么样子？
—It looks like a monkey.它看起来像猴子。
2．It could be made from...它可能由……制成。
—What was the old tool made from
这个旧的工具是由什么做的？
—It could be made from stones.
它可能是由石头制成的。
1．(2013·福建高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )—Would you mind answering some questions on shopping habits
—________.
A．Yes，with great pleasure
B．No，I am afraid I can't make it
C．Yes，it is worth the time
D．No，as long as it doesn't take long
【解析】　题干问句意思是：“你介意回答一些关 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )于购物习惯的问题吗？”因为动词mind意为“介意”，所以如果用Yes回答，就表示“介意”，即不愿回答问题；如果用No回答，就表示“不介意”，即愿意回答问题。选项A、C都是用Yes回答的，首先说明是“介意回答问题”，而这两项后面的表述“非常乐意”“这值得花费时间”却与Yes前后自相矛盾；选项B用No回答，表示“不介意”，但后面的表述“恐怕我做不到”也与No相矛盾。而选项D“不介意，只要不花很长时间”回答得恰到好处。
【答案】　D
2．(2012·江苏高考)—Honey，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he cat's stuck in the tree.Can yon turn off the TV and get a ladder...
—Oh，it jumped off.________.
A．Never mind B．All right
C．No problem D．Take care
【解析】　never mind没关系，不要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )紧；all right行，可以；no problem没问题；take care当心。 句意：——宝贝，猫卡在了树上。你能不能关掉电视、找把梯子……？——哦，它跳下来了。没事。由it jumped off可知，问题解决了，接下来应是叫对方不要担心。故选A。
【答案】　A
如何描述古迹
(Description of archaeological finds)
对于古迹的描述，一般要注意以下几方面：
1．描述古迹的名称。每一个古迹都有一个名称，这样的名称很可能出现在报刊、杂志、电视上。
2．要对古迹的现状、历史年代和作用进行描述。
3．描述考古挖掘的地点，具体地点要求写清楚，越详细越好，以便让读者知道具体的位置。
4．描述考古挖掘的时间，考古挖掘的时间很重要，这样的时间要记录到历史文件或教科书上。
5．描述考古挖掘的偶然起因。考古挖掘大多数都有一个偶然的故事，这是很吸引人的东西。
6．描述考古挖掘的过程。考古挖掘的过程是最重要的部分，随着挖掘的深入，该考古遗址的形成过程越来越明晰。
[常用句型]
Thought to be the world's oldest...，it has been discovered...
It could be the first evidence of...
It dated/dates back to at least...
It was constructed more than...
It was first discovered...
Large numbers of... have been discovered in...
The discovery of... was further evidence that...
Further evidence that...came with the discovery of...
The first sign of civilization in... dates back to around...
It means that...
It is generally considered/thought...
The mystery of... remains unknown/uncertain...
It is well preserved...
请根据下表所给的信息，写一篇120词左右的短文，描述这一考古发现。
名称 凌家滩原始部落遗址
地点 安徽省含山县凌家滩
发现 一个城市的基本要素：固定居民点、大规模的神庙建筑、防御设施、手工业作坊及集市。此外，还有大量的陶器、玉器、石器等。
意义 1.表明中国早在5500年前就出现了城市，从而使中国城市的历史向前推进1000多年。2．意味着中华民族文明史从五千年延伸到七八千年，甚至更久远的时间。
历史链接 在此之前，考古学家认为中国最早的城市坐落在山东省日照市五莲县丹土村，距今有4000多年的历史。
参考词汇：
原始部落遗址primitive tribal site；
固定居民点a fixed residential area；
陶器pottery；玉器jade；石器stoneware
[思路点拨]
本篇作文可以从以下三个方面入手：
1．介绍古迹的名称、挖掘发现的时间和地点等。
2．介绍挖掘过程、重大发现。
3．介绍考古挖掘的意义及成就。
[词汇热身]
1．废墟 ________________
2．要素；元素____________________
3．存在 __________________
4．延伸；推进_____________________
5．证明________________
6．位于________________
【答案】　1.ruin　2.element 　3.existence　4.extend
5. prove　6.be located in
[句式温习]
1．废墟包括一个城市的基本要素。
The ruins ________ the basic elements of a city.
2．这些发现表明中国早在5500年前就出现了城市，从而使中国城市的历史向前推进了1000多年。
These discoveries pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve the city's existence in China ____________ 5,500 years，____________ another 1,000 years to China's urban history.
3．这些发现也意味着中华民族文明史从五千年延伸到七八千年，甚至更久远的时间。
The findings will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________________ the civil history of the Chinese people from 5,000 to 7,000－8,000 years，____________.
4．在此之前，考古学家认为中国最早的城市坐落在山东省日照市五莲县丹土村，距今有4000多年的历史。
________，arch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aeologist thought the oldest city in China was the Dantu Village located in Wulian County of Rizhao City，Shangdong Province，______________ 4,000 years ago.
【答案】　1.includ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e　2.as far back as；adding　3.extend；even more years　4.Before that; which was built more than
【连句成篇】
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
______________________________________________
【参考范文】　
A primitive tribal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )site considered to be the oldest city in China has been discovered in Lingjiatan，Hanshan County of Anhui Province.
The ruins inclu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )de the basic elements of a city：a fixed residential area，a large temple，defenses，marketplaces，and workshops.A large number of potteries，jades and stoneware were also discovered.These discoveries prove the city's existence in China as far back as 5,500 years，adding another 1,000 years to China's urban history.The findings will extend the civil history of the Chinese people from 5,000 to 7,000－8,000 years，even more years.
Before that，ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chaeologist thought the oldest city in China was the Dantu Village located in Wulian County of Rizhao City，Shangdong Province，which was built more than 4,000 years ago.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________n．可能的选择adj.供选择的；其他的
2．________vt.假定；设想
3．________v．打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
4．________adj.试探性的；不确定的
5．________adj.足够的；充足的；富裕的
6．________adj.原始的；远古的；简陋的
7．________adj.系统的；有计划的；有条理的
8．________vt.吐出(唾液、食物等)vi.吐痰
9．________vt.删；删除
10．________n．(刮、抓、划的)痕迹；搔；挠vt.搔；抓；擦伤；刮坏
11．________n．幼儿园
12．________adj.放射性的；有辐射能的
13．________vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
14．________vi.& vt.加速；促进
15．________vt.逮捕；吸引n.逮捕；拘留
【答案】　1.alternative　 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.assume　3.interrupt　4.tentative　5.ample　6.primitive　7.systematic　8.spit
9．delete　10.scratch　11.kindergarten　12.radioactive
13．applaud　14.accelerate　15.arrest
B．词汇拓展
16．________n．精确；准确→__________adj.准确的
17．________vi.& vt.(使)锋利，尖锐→____________adj.尖的
18．________n．挨饿；饿死→________v．(使)饿死；渴望
19．________n．分析→________vt.分析
20．________vt.& vi.(使……)成熟→________adj.成熟的
21．________n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义→________adj.重大的；重要的
22．________n．分割；划分；分配；分界线→________vt.分开；分成；分配
23．________adj.有技巧的；熟练的→________n．技能；熟练→________adv.熟练地
【答案】　16.accuracy；accurate　17.sharpen；sharp
18．starvation；sta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rve　19.analysis；analyse　20.ripen；ripe　21.significance；significant　22.division；divide　23.skilful/skillful；skill；skilfully/skillfully
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________遭受；患……疾病
2．________________不管；不顾
3．________________切碎
4．________________关在门外；不准入内
5．________________至多；最多
6．be fed up with______________
7．if only______________
8．look ahead______________
9．now and then______________
10．date back to______________
【答案】　1.suffer from　2.regardless of　3.cut up
4．keep out　5.at most ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　6.受够了；饱受；厌烦　7.但愿；要是……就好了　8.向前看；为将来打算　9.时而；不时地　10.追溯到……
B．用上面词组的适当形式填空
11．These plant fossils ________ the age of the dinosaurs.
12．Ella ________ the cake and gave each child a piece.
13．I was ________ his constant complaints.
14．Young peop ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )le often ________ to the future while the elderly look back on the past.
15．Walls have been built to ________ sand and water.
16．This job is open to all ________ their previous experience.
17．There are ________ twenty students watching the football match.
【答案】　11.date ba ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck to　12.cut up　13.fed up with　14.look ahead　15.keep out　16.regardless of
17．at most
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．You must b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e aware that it's_here_that we found evidence of some of the earliest people who lived in this part of the world.
【句式仿写】　就是在校门口我们找到了那个丢失的钱包。
______________________________________________
2．They couldn't have m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ats，blankets or quilts like we do.It must_have_been very uncomfortable.
【句式仿写】　灯亮着，他那时一定在家。
______________________________________________
3．Yes，indeed，as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
【句式仿写】　正如我们所知道的，地球绕着太阳转。
______________________________________________
4．If_only she had looked ahead the planned better this year!
【句式仿写】　如果他不吸毒的话，他现在就会非常成功了。
______________________________________________
5．She had almost re ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ached her destination when a delicious smell arrested her progress and she stopped.
【句式仿写】　我们正在开会他突然闯了进来。
______________________________________________
6．Abruptly she s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at down，only_to_be_scooped_up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.
【句式仿写】　他赶忙来到车站，结果发现火车已经离开了。
______________________________________________
【答案】　1.It was at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the school gate that we found the lost wallet.　2.The light was on.He must have been at home at that time.　3.As we all know，the earth travels around the sun.　4.If only he hadn't taken the drug，he would be very successful now.　5.We were having a meeting when he burst into the room.　6.He hurried to the station，only to find the train had left.