初三英语二轮复习教学案
课题:句子种类 班级: 组别: 姓名: 评价:
【复习要点】
简单句: 简单句通常只由一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)构成, 按句子功能一般分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。
I’m (not) a student from Beijing. (陈述句) 我是来自北京的一名中学生。
Are you free tomorrow morning (疑问句) 你明天早上有空吗? Don’t talk loudly in the library. (祈使句) 不要在图书馆大声说话。 How beautiful our school is ! (感叹句) 我们的学校多么漂亮啊! 考点一:
简单句的 5 种基本句型:
1、主语+谓语(不及物动词) S+V
The students work hard. 学生们学习努力。
In class , students listen to teachers carefully. 课堂上学生们仔细地听老师讲课。
2、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 S+V+O
They like apples best. 他们最喜欢苹果。
3、主语+系动词+表语 S+V+P
Mr. Wang is friendly to us. 王老师对我们很友好。
The food tasted good there. 那儿的食物尝起来不错。
4、主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语 S+V+IO+DO
He sent me a photo of him. 他寄给我一张他的照片。
My father bought me a birthday cake on my 14th birthday.
在我十四岁生日的时候,我爸爸买给我一个生日蛋糕。 5、主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补足语 S+V+DO+OC He made me wait for a long time. 他让我等了很长时间。 常见的此类动词: make, keep, let, see, hear, notice 等。
考点二: 肯定句分为肯定陈述句和否定陈述句两种,我们要掌握常见肯定句变否定句 的方法:
1、be 动词后面加 not,构成否定句
The boy isn’t afraid of the dark. 男孩不怕黑。
2、情态动词后加 not ,构成否定句
I can’t relax by exercising , because I am busy. 我不能通过锻炼来放松,因我很 忙。
3、实义动词,在一般现在时中,用 don’t,doesn’t 帮助构成否定句
I don’t have free time to play sports. 我没有空余时间来做运动。
(
1
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Learn and live.
活着,为了学习。
)
实义动词在一般过去时中,用 didn’t 帮助构成否定句
I didn’t pass the exam but I never gave up. 我没有通过考试,但是我绝不放弃。
4、现在完成时的否定句,用 have\has+动词过去分词
I haven’t finished reading the book by now. 到现在为止,我还没有读完这本书。
5、在一般将来时中,可以用 be going to + not + 动词原形,构成否定句,也可 以用 will+not+动词原形
I’m not going to learn math this summer, I am going to spend more time improving my English.
这个夏天,我将不会学习数学,我将要多花时间提高我的英语。
There won’t be more pollution in the future. 未来不会有更多的污染。 特殊情况:
1、可以用 no, never, hardly, seldom, few, little, nobody, neither…nor…, none, nothing
等词构成否定句。
I hardly believe his story.我几乎不相信他的故事。 2、“too…to…”句型本身具有否定的含义。
She is too young to go to school.她年龄太小,还不能去上学。 考点三:
疑问句: 疑问句分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反义疑问句四种。 这类知识一般考察“根据短文、回答问题”这一题型,我们要掌握它们的回答: 1、一般疑问句:用 yes\no 来回答,根据问句来回答
be 动词问,be 动词回答;助动词问,助动词回答。
2、特殊疑问句:掌握常见的特殊疑问词 What:“什么”询问职业、身份、看法,用名词、完整的句子等回答; When:“什么时候”询问时间,用表示时间的词或者句子来回答;
Where “哪里”询问地点、位置,用地点或者表示地点的介词短语来回答; Who: “谁”询问人,用人物来回答
Why: “为什么”询问原因,用 because + 句子来回答
How : “如何、怎样”询问方式、感受,回答方式或者感受,By bus. \ It was great. how long 多长(时间)(提问(时间)长短)
how often 多久一次(提问频率) how soon 多久以后(提问 in 短语) how many 多少(提问可数名词的数量) how far 多远(提问距离)
how much 多少(提问不可数名词的数量或价格) how old 多大(提问年龄)......
3、选择疑问句,选择一个选项来回答,
Are you from Beijing or Shanghai 回答:Beijing \ Shanghai.
Does she have long hair or short hair 回答:Yes , she does. \ No, she doesn’t.
4、反义疑问句:
(1)、前肯后否、前否后肯。
You are Tom , aren’t you 回答:Yes , I am. \ No , I’m not. You haven’t had lunch , have you 回答:Yes , I have. \ No, I haven’t.
Alice didn’t wear glasses , did she 回答:Yes , she did. \ No , she didn’t.
(2)、反意疑问句的回答 对反意疑问句的回答,不管陈述部分是肯定句还是否定句,若事实是肯定的, 答语就要用 Yes,后面用肯定式;事实是否定的,答语就要用 No,后面用否定 式。注意在“前否后肯”的反意疑问句的答语中,Yes 意为“不”,No 意为“是的”。
(3)、特殊形式
①陈述句中含有表示否定意义的代词、形容词或副词
nothing, none, no one, nobody, nowhere, neither, few, little, never, hardly, seldom 等时,反意疑问句要用肯定形式。
Linda has never been to Beijing, has she 琳达从没去过北京, 是吗
②陈述句中有含否定前缀或后缀(如 un-dis-im-in-less 等)的单词时,反意疑 问句要用否定形式
He looks unhappy, doesn’t he
他看上去不高兴,不是吗
③祈使句的反意疑问句有两种形式:以 let’s 开头的祈使句,反意疑问句用
shall we;其他形式的祈使句,反意疑问句用 will you 或 won’t you
考点四:
祈使句;表示请求或命令的句子叫祈使句, 谓语动词用动词原形。
1.肯定祈使句:
动词原形(+其他):Remember to close the door before leaving.
记得离开前关上窗户。
Do+动词原形+其他:Do study hard.一定要努力学习。 Let+宾语+动词原形(+其他):Let’s go.我们一起走吧。 祈使句的回答用一般将来时。通常肯定祈使句的回答用肯定形式, 否定祈使句 的回答用否定形式。
—OK, I will. 好的, 我会的。
—Don't throw litter here, Tom. 汤姆, 不要将垃圾扔在这里。
—Sorry, I won't. 对不起, 我不会了。 祈使句, and/or+陈述句(多用一般将来时)
Give me a chance, and I'll prove it to you. 给我一次机会, 我将证明给你看。 Work hard, or your dream won't come true. 努力工作, 否则你的梦想将不会实 现
2.否定祈使旬
(
3
) (
Learn and live.
活着,为了学习。
)
Don' t+动词原形(+其他): Don’t swim in the river.别在河里游泳。 No+名词或动名词 No parking.禁止停车。 . Let+宾语+not+动词原形(+其他).Let him not go.别让他走。
考点五:
感叹句:感叹句是表示喜、怒、哀、乐等感情的句子。以 how 或 what(多么...)
开头。
1、What 引导的感叹句
What+a/an+adj. +可数名词单数(+主语+谓语)! What a fine day it is!
What+adj. +可数名词复数/ 不可数名词(+主语+谓语)!
What kind women they are! What nice music it is!
2、How 引导的感叹句(how 用来修饰形容词、副词或动词) How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!
How hard the workers are working!
How clever the girl is! How quickly the boy is writing! How+主语+谓语!
How time flies!时光飞逝!
注意:
(1)how 与 what 有时可以互换,句意相同。例: How clever a girl she is!=What a clever girl she is!
What delicious cakes these are !=How delicious these cakes are !
(2)how 或 what 引导的感叹句在表示强烈激动的感情时,在特定的语境中常用 省略句,其后面的主语和谓语往往略去。
How wonderful! What a fine day!
【当堂检测】
.单项选择
( )1.-Dina,a theme park will be built in our city next month. - good news!
What a B.How a C. What D.How
( )2.-Mike, do you have a health examination -Once a year.
A.how long B. how many C. how much D. how often
( )3. -It is said that 5G is coming. It will improve our life greatly. - amazing it is!
A. What an B. How a . C.What D. How ( )4.-It is raining again. We haven’t seen the sun for weeks.
weather it is!
A. What good B.What bad C. How good D. How bad ( )5.-Mr Black, will the parents meeting last
-It's hard to say. Maybe one hour or more.
A. how long B. how much C. how far D. how often ( )6.一 is singing over there -My sister. She likes singing.
A.How B. Who C. What D. When
【课后巩固】 一、单项选择。
( )1.-Are there any notebooks on COVID-19 in your school
. They tell us how to protect ourselves in this big event.
A. Yes, they are B. Yes, there are C. Yes, there is D. Yes,it is ( )2.-He's never been asked to work hard,
-. His teachers always encourage him.
A. is he; No, he isn't B. has he; No, he hasn't C.has he; Yes, he has D. is he; Yes, he is
( )3. noise pollution, and we can live in a quiet environment.
A.Prevent B.Preventing C. Prevented D.To prevent ( )4.—Dad, shall we go to the library by bike or by car
— . There is no parking lot there.
A.Yes, we will B.No, we won’t C.By car D.By bike ( )5.—Mum, let’s order some food online for dinner,
—Good idea. I’d like some beef dumplings.
A.will you B.won’t you C.shall we D.shan’t we ( )6.The sentence pattern of “Music makes me relaxed.” is .
A.S+V+O B.S+V+P C.S+V+IO+DO D.S+V+DO+OC
二、根据所给中文意思,用英语完成下列各句。
1.等待雨停后,纵享阳光暖。
the rain to stop and enjoy the warm sunshine. 2.不要写得太快,否则你可能会犯拼写错误。
too fast, or you may . 3. 她多久整理一次卧室
She her bedroom 4.这是谁的铅笔,汤姆的还是玛丽的
is this,Tom's Mary's 5.中国发展得有多快!我们很幸运生活在这样一个伟大的国家。
China is developing! We in such a great country.