人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction Words and expressions 词汇课件(共32张PPT)
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(共32张PPT)
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Words and expressions
fiction n.
小说
science fiction 科幻小说
historical/romantic/realistic fiction
fictional adj.
虚构的，小说中的
fictional character
历史/言情/现实主义小说
虚构的人物
test out
检验；测试
The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.
leave out
carry out
wear out
大学生们将对电脑程序进行测试，看看有没有漏洞。
排除，不包括 leave out the chilli
贯彻；执行；实施
穿破；耗尽；使厌烦 wear out the shoes wear ab out
bonus
n. 意外收获; 奖金; 红利
year-end bonus
年终奖
more like
更像是；更接近
There is nothing like...
There was nothing like a good dinner and
some music to cheer us up.
没有比...好的
be more like A than B 更像是A而不是B
eg.
(1)He seemed more like a human than a machine.
(2)社交机器人更像是一种陪伴，而不是工具。
Social robots are more like companion than tools.
integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好
consider sb a man of integrity 认为sb正直
preserve the integrity of the empire 维护帝国的完整性
integrate v.使结合，使加入
integral adj.基本的，构成整体所必需的
make an appointment with sb 和某人预约/约定
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
appointment n.
预约；约会；委任
appoint v.
任命，委派
appoint sb. as../to be sth. 任命某人为...
appoint sb. to do 委派某人做某事
appointed adj.
指定的；约定的
1.Kate________________as secretary last month. Now she is making an______________with the marketing manager.(appoint)
2. If you are invited to dinner,you are supposed to arrive no later than the ___________(appoint) time.
3.A new engineer was appointed_________(deal) with the products returned by customers.
was appointed
appointment
appointed
to deal
nail n. 指甲/趾甲; 钉子
vt.(用钉子)钉牢; 固定
nail polish
nail clipper
I nailed the sign to a tree.
sale n.销售
saleswoman n. 女售货员; 女推销员 salesman n. 男售货员; 男推销员
dignity n. 庄重；庄严；尊严
a calm and serious manner that deserves respect 庄重，庄严
She accepted the criticism with quite dignity.
她非常大度地接受了批评。
absurd adj. 荒谬的，荒唐的 doesn’t make sense
What an absurd idea！
guilt n．
内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
a sense of guilt 内疚感
guilty adj.
内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
be guilty of 犯有…罪
be/feel guilty at/about 对/为…感到内疚/有愧
eg.对他的罪行感到愧疚，他承认了所有的所作所为。(分词作状语)
Feeling guilty about his guilt, he admitted all that he had done.
The jury（陪审团） found her guilty of murder.
suspend v.
悬; 挂; 暂停; 暂缓
suspension n. 暂缓； 延迟； 延期； 暂停
悬索桥，又名吊桥(suspension bridge)
推特安全账户2021年1月8日晚发文称：“在仔细审查特朗普账户最近发布的推文以及这些推文的背景后, 我们已永久停封(suspend)该帐户。”
sth be suspended from sw sth 悬挂在某处
The fans are suspended from the ceiling.
suspend the strike
暂停罢工
suspend sb from the job
sb 停职
dismiss vt.让(某人)离开; 解散; 解雇; 消除
①让……离开；解散
dismiss the class
②解雇；开除
He was dismissed from his job for incompetence.
dismiss sb. from...for... 因为...把某人从...解雇
下课
declare vt.
表明; 宣称; 公布
state sth firmly
and clearly or
officially
publicly
declare for/against 声明表示支持/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare that ... 宣告;宣称
declare sb/sth to be /as 宣布宣布某人或某物是…
①They _________ __________ building a new bridge.
他们声明反对修建新桥。
②We have now _______ _____ __________ environmental pollution.
我们现在已经向环境污染宣战。
③The young man __________ ____he had nothing to do with the case.
这个年轻人宣称他与这个案件无关。
declared against
declared war on/against
declared that
whereas conj. 然而;但是;尽管
while conj. 然而
but conj. 但是
yet conj. 然而,但是
however adv. 然而; 但是
nevertheless adv. 然而,不过
1.Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
2.The news may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true.
3.It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious.
although conj. 虽然/尽管
though conj. 虽然/尽管
even if/though 虽然;即使
despite prep. 即使;尽管
in spite of
(1)It is presumed that从句 “人们认为...”
(2)presuming/suppose/supposing/assuming/provided/providing+ that句子… “假如; 假定”
eg.
1.Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.
2.Presuming/Supposing/Assuming/Provided/Providing he is absent, what shall we do
presumption n.
假设/定
presume vt. & vi.
假设/假定; 认为
presuming conj.
假设
on a ... basis
根据;以…的方式(基准)
on a daily or weekly basis 以每天或每周的方式
on a regular basis 定期
eg.
1.The workers get paid on a daily/weekly basis.
2.The truck is checked on a regular basis.
basis n. (pl.bases) 底部;基础;主要成分;基本原则或原理
base vt. 以...为基础
n.根基;底部;基础;基地
basic adj.基础的；基本的
pros and cons
事物的利与弊；支持与反对
advantages and disadvantages 利与弊; 优点和缺点
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
eg.我们必须权衡利弊，没有一种选择是完美的。
calculate vt.
计算; 核算; 预测
calculation n.计算，估算，算计
calculator n.计算器
We have to weighed up the pros and cons. Neither option is perfect.
superior adj.
更好的; 占优势的; (在级别/重要性上)更高的
(be) superior to... 比…更好; 更胜一筹
eg.
1.新一代智能机在功能上大大优于旧一代。
2.他很傲慢，总觉得自己高人一等。(分词作状语)
inferior adj.下级/等的；差的；
be inferior to 比...更差/级别更低
be senior to 比...年长/职位高
be junior to 比...年幼/职位低
The new generation of smartphones is greatly superior to the older version in function.
He is arrogant, always thinking he is superior to others.
a superior officer
高级官员
sb be of superior
intelligence
Sb智力出众
take over
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手；
take over the company 接管这家公司
Try not to let negative thoughts take over.
尽量别让消极思想左右你。
Cars gradually took over from horses.
汽车逐渐取代马匹。
inaction n.
无行动; 不采取措施
inactive adj. 不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的
action n. 行动[U]; 行为[C]
take action(s) to do sth.
conflict with
与...冲突或抵触
①A conflict with B
②A be in conflict with B
eg.
1.他们的梦想与残酷的现实相矛盾。
2.我和我的父母在选择哪个专业上有冲突。
Their dreams conflict with their harsh reality.
I am in conflict with my parents on/about/over which major to choose.
(on/about/over sth.)
A与B(在某事上)冲突；矛盾/不一致
backward(s) adv.
向后;倒着;往回
forward(s) adv.向前 upward(s) adv.向上
downward(s) adv.向下 eastward(s) adv.向东
westward(s) adv.向西
backward(s) and forward(s) 来来回回
Losing my balance, I fell backwards.
eg.我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。（分词作状语）
labour n.劳动者，
体力劳动
Vi.:奋斗，努力工作
the labour of seeding, planting and harvesting
播种，种植和收割的辛勤劳动
skilled labour（总称）
技艺娴熟的工人
labour to do sth 吃力地做sth
grip : hold sth firmly 紧握，抓牢
She gripped the rope. 她紧紧地抓住绳索。
hazy : difficult to see 雾气腾腾的
hazy sunshine 日光朦胧
be hazy about : be confused about 不清楚的
我不清楚接下来要做什么。
I’m hazy about what to do next.
fetch vt.
(去)拿来; (去)请来
bring v. 带来
take v. 带走
turn out
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
eg.(1)Please turn out the lights when you leave the room.
(2)The whole village turned out to welcome the hero.
turn out + adj./to be.../that从句 结果是；证明是
eg.He got his first book published. It turned out (to be) a bestseller.他的第一本书出版了，结果成了畅销书。
你离开房间时，请把灯关掉。
全村人都出来欢迎这位英雄。
Fetch me a glass of water. 去给我拿杯水来。
fetch the kids from school 去学校接孩子
pace
n. 速度; 步伐; 节奏
vt. & vi. 确定速度; 调整节奏
at a ... pace 以...的速度
at a/the speed of… 以...的速度
He pace his games skillfully.
他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。
fall away
（逐渐）减少；消失
As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.
All our doubts fell away.
我们所有的疑虑都烟消云散了。
The houses fell away as we left the city.
随着我们离城市越来越远，房屋也逐渐在视线中消失了。
He prefers to live at a slow pace.
他想过慢节奏的生活。
keep up with the pace of change 跟上变化的速度
puff
n. (烟、气等的)一缕；少量[C]; 泡芙[C];喘息[U]；
1.一缕烟; 一股风; 一阵微风
2.山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了。
a puff of smoke/wind/breeze
The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff.
division
n.分开，分隔
差异；除法
分工 the division of labour
贫富差异 the division between rich and poor
除号 the division sign
urge
n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐
(1)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb. to do sth.
= urge sb into doing sth. 催促某人做某事
(3)It's urged that... 极力主张...
urgent adj.
紧急的；急迫的
urgency n.
紧迫；急迫
random adj.
随机的; 不可思议的
a random sample 随机抽样
at random 随意; 随机; 胡乱
randomly adv.
随机; 随意; 未加计划地
maximum
adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量; 最大限度
minimum adj. 最小的; 最低的; 最低限度的
n. 最低限度; 最小值; 最少量
explode vi. & vt.
爆炸; 爆破
explosion n. 爆炸，爆破，爆裂声
explosive adj. 爆炸性的; 爆发性的
n.炸药; 爆炸物
jolt n.震动，摇晃，颠簸
The train jolted into motion. 火车猛地一颤，开动了。
Her heart jolted when she saw him. 她看见他的时候，心里咯噔了一下。
flip 快速翻动，轻抛
翻看杂志 flip through a magazine
抛硬币 flip a coin
stun vt.
使震惊; 使昏迷
stunned adj. 震惊的; 惊愕的
stunning adj. 令人震惊的/惊愕的
mud n.
泥; 泥浆
muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的
Thank You!
Unit 1 Science Fiction
Words and expressions
fiction n.
小说
science fiction 科幻小说
historical/romantic/realistic fiction
fictional adj.
虚构的，小说中的
fictional character
历史/言情/现实主义小说
虚构的人物
test out
检验；测试
The university students will test out the computer program for any bugs.
leave out
carry out
wear out
大学生们将对电脑程序进行测试，看看有没有漏洞。
排除，不包括 leave out the chilli
贯彻；执行；实施
穿破；耗尽；使厌烦 wear out the shoes wear ab out
bonus
n. 意外收获; 奖金; 红利
year-end bonus
年终奖
more like
更像是；更接近
There is nothing like...
There was nothing like a good dinner and
some music to cheer us up.
没有比...好的
be more like A than B 更像是A而不是B
eg.
(1)He seemed more like a human than a machine.
(2)社交机器人更像是一种陪伴，而不是工具。
Social robots are more like companion than tools.
integrity n.诚实正直；完整；完好
consider sb a man of integrity 认为sb正直
preserve the integrity of the empire 维护帝国的完整性
integrate v.使结合，使加入
integral adj.基本的，构成整体所必需的
make an appointment with sb 和某人预约/约定
keep/break an appointment 守/违约
appointment n.
预约；约会；委任
appoint v.
任命，委派
appoint sb. as../to be sth. 任命某人为...
appoint sb. to do 委派某人做某事
appointed adj.
指定的；约定的
1.Kate________________as secretary last month. Now she is making an______________with the marketing manager.(appoint)
2. If you are invited to dinner,you are supposed to arrive no later than the ___________(appoint) time.
3.A new engineer was appointed_________(deal) with the products returned by customers.
was appointed
appointment
appointed
to deal
nail n. 指甲/趾甲; 钉子
vt.(用钉子)钉牢; 固定
nail polish
nail clipper
I nailed the sign to a tree.
sale n.销售
saleswoman n. 女售货员; 女推销员 salesman n. 男售货员; 男推销员
dignity n. 庄重；庄严；尊严
a calm and serious manner that deserves respect 庄重，庄严
She accepted the criticism with quite dignity.
她非常大度地接受了批评。
absurd adj. 荒谬的，荒唐的 doesn’t make sense
What an absurd idea！
guilt n．
内疚；悔恨；犯罪；罪行
a sense of guilt 内疚感
guilty adj.
内疚的；有罪的；有过失的
be guilty of 犯有…罪
be/feel guilty at/about 对/为…感到内疚/有愧
eg.对他的罪行感到愧疚，他承认了所有的所作所为。(分词作状语)
Feeling guilty about his guilt, he admitted all that he had done.
The jury（陪审团） found her guilty of murder.
suspend v.
悬; 挂; 暂停; 暂缓
suspension n. 暂缓； 延迟； 延期； 暂停
悬索桥，又名吊桥(suspension bridge)
推特安全账户2021年1月8日晚发文称：“在仔细审查特朗普账户最近发布的推文以及这些推文的背景后, 我们已永久停封(suspend)该帐户。”
sth be suspended from sw sth 悬挂在某处
The fans are suspended from the ceiling.
suspend the strike
暂停罢工
suspend sb from the job
sb 停职
dismiss vt.让(某人)离开; 解散; 解雇; 消除
①让……离开；解散
dismiss the class
②解雇；开除
He was dismissed from his job for incompetence.
dismiss sb. from...for... 因为...把某人从...解雇
下课
declare vt.
表明; 宣称; 公布
state sth firmly
and clearly or
officially
publicly
declare for/against 声明表示支持/反对
declare war on/against 向……宣战
declare that ... 宣告;宣称
declare sb/sth to be /as 宣布宣布某人或某物是…
①They _________ __________ building a new bridge.
他们声明反对修建新桥。
②We have now _______ _____ __________ environmental pollution.
我们现在已经向环境污染宣战。
③The young man __________ ____he had nothing to do with the case.
这个年轻人宣称他与这个案件无关。
declared against
declared war on/against
declared that
whereas conj. 然而;但是;尽管
while conj. 然而
but conj. 但是
yet conj. 然而,但是
however adv. 然而; 但是
nevertheless adv. 然而,不过
1.Some of the studies show positive results, whereas others do not.
2.The news may be unexpected; nevertheless, it is true.
3.It's a small car, yet it's surprisingly spacious.
although conj. 虽然/尽管
though conj. 虽然/尽管
even if/though 虽然;即使
despite prep. 即使;尽管
in spite of
(1)It is presumed that从句 “人们认为...”
(2)presuming/suppose/supposing/assuming/provided/providing+ that句子… “假如; 假定”
eg.
1.Little is known of the youngest son; it is presumed that he died young.
2.Presuming/Supposing/Assuming/Provided/Providing he is absent, what shall we do
presumption n.
假设/定
presume vt. & vi.
假设/假定; 认为
presuming conj.
假设
on a ... basis
根据;以…的方式(基准)
on a daily or weekly basis 以每天或每周的方式
on a regular basis 定期
eg.
1.The workers get paid on a daily/weekly basis.
2.The truck is checked on a regular basis.
basis n. (pl.bases) 底部;基础;主要成分;基本原则或原理
base vt. 以...为基础
n.根基;底部;基础;基地
basic adj.基础的；基本的
pros and cons
事物的利与弊；支持与反对
advantages and disadvantages 利与弊; 优点和缺点
strengths and weaknesses 优点和缺点
eg.我们必须权衡利弊，没有一种选择是完美的。
calculate vt.
计算; 核算; 预测
calculation n.计算，估算，算计
calculator n.计算器
We have to weighed up the pros and cons. Neither option is perfect.
superior adj.
更好的; 占优势的; (在级别/重要性上)更高的
(be) superior to... 比…更好; 更胜一筹
eg.
1.新一代智能机在功能上大大优于旧一代。
2.他很傲慢，总觉得自己高人一等。(分词作状语)
inferior adj.下级/等的；差的；
be inferior to 比...更差/级别更低
be senior to 比...年长/职位高
be junior to 比...年幼/职位低
The new generation of smartphones is greatly superior to the older version in function.
He is arrogant, always thinking he is superior to others.
a superior officer
高级官员
sb be of superior
intelligence
Sb智力出众
take over
占上风；取而代之；接管；接手；
take over the company 接管这家公司
Try not to let negative thoughts take over.
尽量别让消极思想左右你。
Cars gradually took over from horses.
汽车逐渐取代马匹。
inaction n.
无行动; 不采取措施
inactive adj. 不活动的；不活跃的；惰性的
action n. 行动[U]; 行为[C]
take action(s) to do sth.
conflict with
与...冲突或抵触
①A conflict with B
②A be in conflict with B
eg.
1.他们的梦想与残酷的现实相矛盾。
2.我和我的父母在选择哪个专业上有冲突。
Their dreams conflict with their harsh reality.
I am in conflict with my parents on/about/over which major to choose.
(on/about/over sth.)
A与B(在某事上)冲突；矛盾/不一致
backward(s) adv.
向后;倒着;往回
forward(s) adv.向前 upward(s) adv.向上
downward(s) adv.向下 eastward(s) adv.向东
westward(s) adv.向西
backward(s) and forward(s) 来来回回
Losing my balance, I fell backwards.
eg.我没有站稳，仰面摔倒。（分词作状语）
labour n.劳动者，
体力劳动
Vi.:奋斗，努力工作
the labour of seeding, planting and harvesting
播种，种植和收割的辛勤劳动
skilled labour（总称）
技艺娴熟的工人
labour to do sth 吃力地做sth
grip : hold sth firmly 紧握，抓牢
She gripped the rope. 她紧紧地抓住绳索。
hazy : difficult to see 雾气腾腾的
hazy sunshine 日光朦胧
be hazy about : be confused about 不清楚的
我不清楚接下来要做什么。
I’m hazy about what to do next.
fetch vt.
(去)拿来; (去)请来
bring v. 带来
take v. 带走
turn out
关掉；熄灭；在场；使朝外；结果是
eg.(1)Please turn out the lights when you leave the room.
(2)The whole village turned out to welcome the hero.
turn out + adj./to be.../that从句 结果是；证明是
eg.He got his first book published. It turned out (to be) a bestseller.他的第一本书出版了，结果成了畅销书。
你离开房间时，请把灯关掉。
全村人都出来欢迎这位英雄。
Fetch me a glass of water. 去给我拿杯水来。
fetch the kids from school 去学校接孩子
pace
n. 速度; 步伐; 节奏
vt. & vi. 确定速度; 调整节奏
at a ... pace 以...的速度
at a/the speed of… 以...的速度
He pace his games skillfully.
他巧妙地控制着自己的比赛节奏。
fall away
（逐渐）减少；消失
As my pace grew faster, the walls of the laboratory fell away, and I was left in the open air.
All our doubts fell away.
我们所有的疑虑都烟消云散了。
The houses fell away as we left the city.
随着我们离城市越来越远，房屋也逐渐在视线中消失了。
He prefers to live at a slow pace.
他想过慢节奏的生活。
keep up with the pace of change 跟上变化的速度
puff
n. (烟、气等的)一缕；少量[C]; 泡芙[C];喘息[U]；
1.一缕烟; 一股风; 一阵微风
2.山坡陡峭，我很快就气喘吁吁了。
a puff of smoke/wind/breeze
The hill was very steep and I soon ran out of puff.
division
n.分开，分隔
差异；除法
分工 the division of labour
贫富差异 the division between rich and poor
除号 the division sign
urge
n. 强烈的欲望；冲动
vt. 催促；力劝；大力推荐
(1)have an urge to do sth. 有强烈的欲望做某事
(2)urge sb. to do sth.
= urge sb into doing sth. 催促某人做某事
(3)It's urged that... 极力主张...
urgent adj.
紧急的；急迫的
urgency n.
紧迫；急迫
random adj.
随机的; 不可思议的
a random sample 随机抽样
at random 随意; 随机; 胡乱
randomly adv.
随机; 随意; 未加计划地
maximum
adj. 最大极限的 n. 最大量; 最大限度
minimum adj. 最小的; 最低的; 最低限度的
n. 最低限度; 最小值; 最少量
explode vi. & vt.
爆炸; 爆破
explosion n. 爆炸，爆破，爆裂声
explosive adj. 爆炸性的; 爆发性的
n.炸药; 爆炸物
jolt n.震动，摇晃，颠簸
The train jolted into motion. 火车猛地一颤，开动了。
Her heart jolted when she saw him. 她看见他的时候，心里咯噔了一下。
flip 快速翻动，轻抛
翻看杂志 flip through a magazine
抛硬币 flip a coin
stun vt.
使震惊; 使昏迷
stunned adj. 震惊的; 惊愕的
stunning adj. 令人震惊的/惊愕的
mud n.
泥; 泥浆
muddy adj.多泥的，泥泞的
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