北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 2 Brain Power课件(共23张PPT)

(共23张PPT)
Unit 9　Human Biology
选择性必修
第三册
Lesson 2　Brain Power
02
1．Humour has unique power.It brings people together.It reduces the pain ________ (connect) with life’s difficulties.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
connected
句意为：幽默有独特的力量，它使人们团结起来，减少了与生活中的困难有关的痛苦。A is connected with B为固定短语，意为“A与B相关”。此处connected与其后的介词短语搭配作后置定语，修饰the pain。故填connected。
2．St. Andrew’s Academy, ________ (locate) on Lake Almanor, is surrounded by natural beauty as far as the eye can see.
located　
句意为：圣安德鲁学院坐落在阿尔马诺湖畔，四周放眼望去尽是自然美景。St. Andrew’s Academy和locate之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词表被动。故填located。
解析
解析
3．We are determined to create an even ________ (good) system.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：我们决定去创造一个甚至更好的系统。much/even/still/a bit/a little等词之后常接比较级。故填better。
4．A medical team ________ (consist) of five doctors and two nurses set off for the earthquake struck area.
句意为：一支由五名医生和两名护士组成的医疗队出发前往地震灾区。主语A medical team与consist of之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以设空处需用现在分词作后置定语。故填consisting。
better
consisting
解析
解析
5．Mei Lanfang is good at playing the role of women in Peking Opera, ________ (call) “Dan”．
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
called
句意为：梅兰芳擅长扮演京剧中被称为“旦”的女性角色。被修饰词the role of women和call之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词called作后置定语。
6．People in America speak the same language ________ the British do.
as
句意为：美国人和英国人说同样的语言。the same… as… 为固定短语，意为“和……一样的……”。故填as。
解析
解析
7．In the last few years, China ________ (make) great achievements in environmental protection.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
has made
句意为：在过去的几年里，中国在环境保护方面取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语In the last few years可知，应用现在完成时，又因主语China是第三人称单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has made。
8．A supply of food ________________ (send) to the countries struck by the earthquake so far.
has been sent　
句意为：到目前为止，已有一批食物被送往发生地震的国家。时间状语so far常和现在完成时连用；句子主语A supply of food和send之间为被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态； “a supply of＋名词”作主语时，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式； send是不规则变化动词，过去分词为sent。故填 has been sent。
解析
解析
9．It is the third time that he____________ (visit) our beautiful city Harbin.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
has visited
10．The people who are known as net worms are those ________are addicted to the Internet.
who
句意为：这是他第三次参观我们美丽的城市哈尔滨。在“It is the… time＋that从句”句型中，主句使用一般现在时，从句应使用现在完成时，从句主语是he。故填has visited。
句意为：沉迷于网络的人们被称为“网虫”。此处定语从句中缺主语，先行词为those，指人，关系词应用who。故填who。
解析
解析
体裁：说明文 题材：生命科学
Why do many of us find 1________ difficult or impossible to fall asleep in a bed other than our own Is it because the bed is 2________ (comfort) According to a new study published in Current Biology, a significant reason is 3________ the scientists call “first night effect”．They believe that one side of the brain acts as a “night watch” to warn us about potential dangers.It forces us 4________ (stay) awake on the first night in a new environment.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．it　句意为：为什么我们中的许多人会发现不在自己的床上时入睡很难或无法入睡？ 此处用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式短语，故填it。
2．uncomfortable　联系上下文可知，此处指“是因为床不舒服吗”，设空处应填形容词作表语，根据语境可知，此处应表示“不舒服的”，故填 uncomfortable。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了大脑活动对睡眠的影响。当我们处在一个新环境的第一个晚上，大脑的一侧迫使我们醒着。当大脑的两侧以不同的方式运作时，它们的平衡会被破坏，因此大脑就不会放松，对周围陌生的事物会很敏感。
答案及解析
3．what　句意为：……一个重要的原因是科学家们所称的“第一晚效应”。设空处引导表语从句，在从句中作call的宾语，故填what。
4．to stay　句意为：当我们处在一个新环境的第一个晚上，大脑的一侧迫使我们醒着。force sb to do sth为固定搭配，意为“迫使某人做某事”，故填to stay。
In the study, 35 young volunteers 5________ (ask) to sleep in a sleep lab for several days.Meanwhile, researchers watched their brain activities.
According to the researchers, on their first night, the left brains were 6________ (active) than the right brains and people had a hard time sleeping.However, left brain activity decreased as days went by, 7________ (fall) even to the point of complete calmness.In this process, the participants got an increasingly better sleep experience.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．were asked　句意为：在这个实验中，35名年轻的志愿者被要求在睡眠实验室里睡上几天。此处主语与谓语动词是被动关系，应用被动语态；事情发生在过去，所以此处是一般过去时的被动语态，又因主语是复数，故填were asked。
6．more active　此处表示“左脑比右脑更活跃”，根据后面的than可知，此处用比较级more active，意为“更活跃的”。
7．falling　句意为：……左脑活跃度甚至下降到完全平静的程度。句中已有谓语动词decreased，设空处前后无连词连接，因此此处用非谓语动词形式作状语，表示伴随状态，left brain activity与fall之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词，故填falling。
The 8________ (finding) suggest that the different rhythms of the sides of the brain affect our sleep.When the two sides work 9________ (different), the balance between them is broken.Thus, the brain can't relax and is sensitive to anything strange in the surroundings, just 10________ it is in the daytime.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
9．differently　句意为：当大脑的两侧以不同的方式运作时…… 此处用副词修饰动词work，故填differently。
10．as　as意为“像……一样”，引导方式状语从句，故填as。
8．findings　根据谓语动词suggest是动词原形可知，主语用复数形式，故填findings。
A study showed that the experiences children have in their first few years are important.These experiences affect the development of the brain.When children receive more attention, they often have higher IQs.Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.There are a hundred trillion (万亿) connections in the brain of a three year old child.
Researcher Judit Gervain tested how good newborns are at distinguishing different sound patterns.Her team produced images of the brains of babies as they heard different sound patterns.For example, one order mu ba ba is the pattern “A B B”．Another order mu ba ge is the pattern “A B C”．The images showed that the part of the brain responsible for speech was more active during the “A B B” pattern.This shows that babies can distinguish different patterns.They were also sensitive to where it occurred in the order.
Gervain is excited by these findings because the order of sounds is the building block of words and grammar.“Position_is_key_to_language, ” she says.“Whether something is at the beginning or at the end makes a big difference: ‘John caught the bear.’ is very different from ‘The bear caught John.’ ”
Researchers led by scientist Patricia Kuhl have found that language delivered by televisions, audiobooks, the Internet, or smartphones—no matter how educational—doesn’t appear to be enough for children's brain development.They carried out a study of nine month old American babies.They expected the first group who'd watched videos in Chinese to show the same kind of learning as the second group who were brought face to face with the same sounds.Instead, they found a huge difference.The babies in the second group were able to distinguish between similar Chinese sounds as well as native listeners.But the other babies learnt nothing.
刷阅读理解
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 研究与发现 304 中 7分钟
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
1．What makes connections in a baby’s brain
A．Having a higher IQ. B．The connection with other babies.
C．The baby's early age. D．Receiving new information.
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】一项研究表明，孩子在人生前几年的经历很重要，这些经历会影响大脑的发育。当孩子受到更多的关注时，他们的智商往往会更高。婴儿在看到、听到和感觉到事物时会接收信息，这使得大脑的不同部分之间产生了联系。
答案及解析
1．D　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Babies receive information when they see, hear and feel things, which makes connections between different parts of the brain.可知，婴儿所接收的信息使他们大脑的不同区域之间能够建立联系。故选D。
2．What did Judit Gervain and her team find in the experiment
A．Word order is relevant to meaning. B．Babies identify different sound patterns.
C．A certain brain region processes language. D．Babies can well understand different words.
答案及解析
2．B　细节理解题。第二段说明了尤迪特·盖尔沃因专门做了一个实验来检测新生儿对不同声音模式的识别能力。根据第二段中的This shows that babies can distinguish different patterns.可知，婴儿能够识别不同的声音模式。故选B。
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
3．What does the underlined sentence mean in Paragraph 3
A．Words have different sounds.
B．Grammar is important in learning languages.
C．Different orders have different meanings.
D．Different languages have different grammar rules.
刷阅读理解
3．C　词义猜测题。第三段中的“Whether something is at the beginning or at the end makes a big difference: ‘John caught the bear.’ is very different from ‘The bear caught John.’”举例说明，“约翰捉住了熊”和“熊捉住了约翰”，组成这两个句子的单词一样，但因单词顺序不一样，句子意思就不一样了，故选C。
答案及解析
答案及解析
4．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段可知，科学家帕特里夏·库尔领导的团队发现人与人之间面对面的交流有利于婴儿学习语言，但无论是看电视还是听有声读物对婴儿大脑发育都没有太大帮助。由此可推知，社会交往有助于婴儿大脑的发育。故选B。
4．What is the main conclusion of the study led by Patricia Kuhl
A．Babies shouldn’t watch a lot of television.
B．Social communication improves babies’ brain development.
C．Listening to different languages helps to develop babies’ brains.
D．Foreign languages are beneficial to babies’ brain development.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
Scientists, psychologists and English academics at the University of Liverpool have found that reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self examination.
Using a special machine, they monitored the brain activity of 30 volunteers as they read works by William Shakespeare, William Wordsworth, T. S. Eliot and others.
In the first part of the research, the brain activity of 30 volunteers was monitored as they read passages from Shakespeare's plays, including King Lear, Othello, Coriolanus and Macbeth, and again as they read the texts rewritten in a simpler form or modern language.
While reading the common texts, normal levels of electrical activity were shown in their brains.When they read the works of Shakespeare, however, the levels of activity jumped because of his use of words which were unfamiliar to them.The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.
The researchers went on to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and recorded how it lit up as the readers came across unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentences in the classical works.As a result, this lightening up process of the mind lasted longer than when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 研究与发现 349 中 8分钟
The research also found that reading poetry especially increases activity in the right hemisphere (半球) of the brain, an area connected with “autobiographical memory”， driving the readers to think carefully about their own experiences based on what they have read.The academics said this meant the classical works of literature are more useful than self help books.
Philip Davis, an English professor who has worked on the study in the Liverpool Magnetic Resonance Imaging Centre, announced this week: “Classical literature acts like a rocket booster (火箭助推器) to the brain, which provides extra power for the brain.You may never imagine how powerful it is.The research shows such kind of literature can create new thoughts and connections in the young and the old.”
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What does the underlined word “triggers” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A．Depends on. B．Picks up. C．Sets off. D．Changes into.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究者们发现阅读莎士比亚及其他古典作家的作品对人们的心智发展大有裨益。
答案及解析
1．C　词义猜测题。根据第一段Scientists, psychologists and English academics… triggers moments of self examination.可知，利物浦大学的科学家、心理学家和英语学者发现，阅读莎士比亚和华兹华斯等古典作家的作品对人们的思维有很大的影响，它能引起读者的注意并引发自我反省。故trigger是“引发”的意思，与set off意思相近。故选C。
2．Which of the following is NOT true about reading classical literature
A．It makes readers’ brains more active than when they are reading common texts.
B．It makes readers’ electrical activity of the brain return to normal.
C．It’s helpful for readers to come up with new ideas.
D．It’s an activity that is suitable for people of all ages.
答案及解析
2．B　细节理解题。根据第四段中的The result of the test showed that the more challenging passages cause a greater degree of electrical activity in the brain than the common ones.可知，测试结果表明，更具挑战性的段落会比普通段落在大脑中产生更强烈的电活动。故选B。
3．What can we learn from the research
A．The readers prefer Shakespeare’s works to other writers' works.
B．The words of classical works make it hard for volunteers to read further.
C．Reading classical works produces a good and long lasting effect on the mind.
D．Poetry increases left brain activity more than other literary forms.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．C　细节理解题。 根据倒数第三段中的As a result, this lightening up process of the mind lasted longer than when volunteers read common texts, encouraging further reading.可知，阅读经典作品会对心智产生良好而持久的影响。故选C。
答案及解析
答案及解析
4．D　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的reading the works of the classical writers like Shakespeare and Wordsworth has a great effect on the mind, catches the reader’s attention and triggers moments of self examination和下文的研究结果可知，作者引述了一些人的观点和研究成果来证明古典文学作品对人们大脑的发展非常有益。故选D。
4．What does the author mainly tell us in this passage
A．Shakespeare's plays deserve to be read.
B．Common books are unpopular anymore.
C．Poetry is best for developing one’s brain.
D．Classical works help the brain develop better.
[广东广州四中2022高二期中]I log on to a computer at the doctor’s to say I have arrived and then wait until a voice calls me into the examination room.There, a robotic nurse __1__ me onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure.Some time later, in steps the __2__， who is also a robot.He notes down my __3__ and gives me a prescription (处方)．Then I return home without having met another human being.This is my terrible vision of the future, which hasn’t happened __4__ yet.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
议论文 科技发展 258 中 13分钟
1．A.treats B．directs
C．follows D．drives
2．A.worker B．nurse
C．doctor D．cleaner
3．A.signals B．symptoms
C．words D．symbols
4．A.at most B．at last
C．at least D．at intervals
I should say I really do like many aspects of __5__．I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.But I am writing this because I don't want machines to __6__．
When I call the dentist's and actually get a human being on the line, I am __7__．But when I see the introduction of yet more self service checkout stations at the grocery store, I feel like __8__ “When it comes to cashiers (出纳员), make mine a __9__， please！”
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
5．A.economy B．agriculture
C．literature D．technology
6．A.cut in B．pass by
C．take over D．go away
7．A.annoyed B．thrilled
C．discouraged D．amazed
8．A.smiling B．laughing
C．shouting D．weeping
9．A.machine B．human
C．robot D．phone
After all human cashiers sometimes __10__ you a store coupon (优惠券) for items you are buying.
Even more than that, real life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children, which can __11__ young mothers' day.A cashier may also take pity on an elderly person __12__ to get that last penny out of his purse.
Machines can be __13__ and cost effective and they often got the job done just fine. __14__ they lack an element so important to everyday life.Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.It is __15__ no machine will ever have.　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
10．A.give B．show
C．lend D．buy
11．A.brighten B．darken
C．strengthen D．widen
12．A.turning B．happening
C．agreeing D．struggling
13．A.urgent B．efficient
C．frequent D．consistent
14．A.But B．Instead
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
15．A.everything B．nothing
C．anything D．something
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者想象了在未来机器取代医生、护士和收银员的场景。作者认为机器虽然效率高、成本低，而且常常能很好地完成工作，但它们缺少人类所独有的灵魂。
1．B　根据后文onto the scales and then takes my blood pressure可知，此处指机器人护士指示作者上体重秤，然后给作者量血压。direct意为“指示”。
2．C　根据下文中的He notes down my ________ and gives me a prescription.可知，开处方的应该是医生。
3．B　根据上文内容及空后的gives me a prescription并结合常识可知，作者去了医院，此处应该表示机器人医生记录了作者的症状，并给作者开了处方。symptom意为“症状”。
4．C　句意为：这是我对未来糟糕的构想，至少现在还没有发生。根据上文This is my terrible vision of the future可知，上文内容是作者对未来的幻想，所以至少现在还没有发生。at most意为“至多”；at last意为“最后”；at least意为“至少”；at intervals意为“不时”。
5．D　根据后文I am a big fan of air conditioning in summer and heaters in winter.可知，虽然作者对未来的构想是比较消极的，但作者也喜欢科技的许多方面。
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．C　句意为：但我写这篇文章是因为我不想让机器取而代之。根据后文可知，作者不想和机器通话和让机器给自己结账，由此推测作者不想让机器取代日常生活的一切。
7．B　句意为：当我打电话给牙科诊所，实际上接电话的是人类时，我很激动。上文提到作者不想让机器取代一切，所以当作者听到是人类接听电话的时候，内心很激动。annoyed意为“恼怒的”；thrilled意为“激动的”；discouraged意为“沮丧的”。
8．C　句意为：但当我看到杂货店初次推出更多的自助结账台时，我真想大喊一声：“请换成人类收银员吧！”根据后文的please可知，作者对于自助结账颇为不满，内心激动，所以大喊。故选C项。
9．B　根据上文可知，作者不喜欢机器取代一切，所以是希望人类给自己结账。故选B项。
10．A　句意为：毕竟人类收银员有时会给你一张你正在买的商品的商店优惠券。根据语境和后文a store coupon可知，此处表示人类收银员在结账的时候可能会给顾客优惠券。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
11．A　结合上文real life cashiers often take an interest in particularly cute children可知，人类收银员喜欢特别可爱的孩子，这种情感上的互动可以让年轻妈妈们一整天都更加开心。brighten意为“使更开心”。
12．D　句意为：收银员也可能会对一个挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人表示同情。根据前文的take pity on an elderly person可知，此处指“挣扎着从钱包里拿出最后一分钱的老人”。故选D项。
13．B　根据空后的and cost effective并结合常识可知，此处指机器的效率高、成本低。
14．A　句意为：然而，它们缺少日常生活中非常重要的一个元素。上文提到了机器的好处，后文则说它们缺少重要元素，前后为转折关系。故选A项。
15．D　根据上文中的they lack an element so important to everyday life及Call it the spirit, the soul or the heart.可知，作者认为机器缺少一种对人类的日常生活而言十分重要的东西，即人的精神、灵魂或者真心，这是任何机器都不会有的东西，something符合语境。
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空