北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained课件（29张ppt）
文档属性
| 名称 | 北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 9 Human Biology Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained课件（29张ppt） |  | |
| 格式 | pptx | ||
| 文件大小 | 2.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 北师大版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2023-05-22 15:22:05 | ||
图片预览
文档简介
(共29张PPT)
Unit 9 Human Biology
选择性必修
第三册
Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained
03
1．Traditionally, Chinese languages _________________ (classify) into seven groups, including Mandarin spoken in the north, central and western provinces.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
are classified
句意为：传统上，中国的语言分为七大类，包括北方、中西部省份说的普通话。此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，且谓语动词和主语Chinese languages之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are classified。
2．She is in a bad mood.We'd better talk about something less ________ (depress)．
depressing
句意为：她心情不好，我们最好谈论不那么令人沮丧的事情。根据空前的something less和句子语境可知，此处应用形容词depressing。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
3．I hate to go to the beach at sunny weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts (烟头) ________ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.
句意为：我讨厌在阳光明媚的周末去海滩，看到垃圾袋在沙滩上、烟头埋在沙子里、汽水罐漂浮在海里。cigarette butts和bury之间是逻辑上的被动关系，设空处为过去分词作宾语补足语，故填buried。
buried
4．This is a terrible disease that can result________ total blindness, if left untreated.
in
句意为：这是一种可怕的疾病，如果不加以治疗，会导致完全失明。result in为固定短语，意为“导致”，故填in。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
5．Would you please look ________ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
句意为：你能帮我浏览一下试卷，看看有没有什么明显的错误吗？ look through为固定短语，意为“快速查看；浏览”。
through
6．The teacher suggested that Tom go to the music store to see if any of the instruments there appealed________ him.
to
句意为：老师建议汤姆到音乐商店去看看那里有没有什么吸引他的乐器。appeal to为固定短语，意为“吸引”，故填to。
解析
解析
7．The performance reviewed China’s ancient times, ________ (show) the country's rich cultural heritage and singing about the present, as well as the future that lies ahead.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
showing
8．_____________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
Having spent
句意为：该演出回顾了中国的古代，展示了中国丰富的文化遗产，歌颂了现在和不久的将来。根据语境可知，设空处与下文的singing并列作状语，应用现在分词形式，故填showing。
句意为：琳达去年在香港做了一年交换生后，看起来比同龄人更成熟。此处是非谓语动词作状语，spend与其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系，应用现在分词；非谓语动词表示的动作先发生，主句谓语的动作后发生，所以应用现在分词的完成式；句子第一个单词首字母大写，故填Having spent。
解析
解析
9．Recent years _________________ (witness) a great improvement in the relations between the two countries.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
have witnessed
10．A study shows the students who are engaged in after school activities are happier than those ________ are not.
who
句意为：近年来，两国关系有了很大的改善。根据Recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have witnessed。
句意为：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更幸福。those与the students是对应关系，指人，故此处用关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
解析
解析
1．在非常寒冷的冬天，野生动物会因为缺乏食物而死亡。(die)
In very cold winter, wild animals can ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
1．die from/of lack of food
2．在国外工作期间他接触了许多新的思想。(contact)
He________ ________ ________ ________ a lot of new ideas while working abroad.
2．came in/into contact with
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
3．我买了所有需要的书，心满意足地走出了书店。(with＋复合宾语)
With________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I walked out of the bookstore with satisfaction.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
3．all the books I need bought
4．他已经学了很多年的英语，可以和外国人自由交谈。(for years)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， he can speak freely with foreigners.
4．Having learnt English for years
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
5．据信应对这个事故负责的人已经被找到了。(find out)
The man responsible for the accident is believed ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
5．to have been found out
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明
One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE 1________ was a devastating epidemic that caused up to 50% of the area’s population 2________ (die)．In the 1330s, it returned in Asia and spread 3________ (rapid) to Europe and became known as “The Black Death”．
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．which
答案及解析
2．to die
3．rapidly
Centuries later, the Spanish Flu, a 4________ (dead) disease, killed an estimated 50 million victims, which is believed to be 5________ (severe) epidemic in history.In the beginning, many people didn't pay attention to such epidemics and thought they wouldn't pose a threat until SARS became public concern.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
4．deadly
5．the most severe/the severest
SARS was first reported in Asia in 2002, 6________ viral respiratory illness 7________ (cause) by a coronavirus.The illness spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003.Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks.One of the biggest 8________ (lesson) from SARS was to share the latest information about the virus9________the public and other countries in the world as10________ (quick) as possible.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
6．a
7．caused illness和cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语。
8．lessons “one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”。
9．with share sth with sb为固定短语，意为“和某人分享某事物”。
10．quickly
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物介绍
[四川宜宾2022高二期中联考]Zhong Nanshan, 1________ 86 year old man, is also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a famous respiratory (与呼吸有关的) disease expert, and a leading figure in the 2________ (prevent) and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【语篇导读】本文介绍了钟南山院士在非典型肺炎和新冠肺炎疫情中所作出的巨大贡献，并因此被授予共和国勋章。
答案及解析
1．an 句意为：钟南山，一位86岁的老人，也是中国工程院院士、著名呼吸病学专家、中国呼吸道传染性疾病防治的领军人物。________ 86 year old man作Zhong Nanshan的同位语，泛指“一位86岁的老人”，应使用不定冠词修饰，86 year old的发音以元音音素开头，应使用an。故填an。
2．prevention 句意见上一题解析。此处位于定冠词the后，与and后的control是并列成分，作介词in的宾语，应使用名词prevention，为不可数名词。故填prevention。
In the spring of 2003, the SARS epidemic broke3________ in China and across the globe.Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the fight against SARS.4________ a serious threat put lives at stake (有风险), Zhong Nanshan worked day and night, 5________ (treat) the patients.Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved a 6________ (success) result.Soon the SARS epidemic was stopped.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
3．out 句意为： 2003年的春天，非典型肺炎传染病在中国和全球爆发。break out为固定搭配，意为“爆发”。故填out。
4．Although/Though/While 句意为：虽然严重危及生命，但钟南山夜以继日地工作，治疗病人。结合句意可知，此处表让步，句子首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
5．treating 句意见上一题解析。worked为主句的谓语动词，与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语，treat与Zhong Nanshan之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填treating。
6．successful 句意为：经过几个月的努力，钟南山和同事们取得了成功。此处修饰名词，应使用形容词作定语，successful意为“如愿以偿的；成功的”。故填successful。
Seventeen years later, when the novel coronavirus appeared, he still fought against the virus on the front line of the battle 7________ (develop) vaccines (疫苗) against the novel coronavirus.In 2020, Zhong Nanshan 8________ (award) the Medal of the Republic, which is the country's highest honour for extraordinary figures who have made great contributions 9________ the People’s Republic of China’s development since 10________ (it) founding in 1949.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
7．to develop 句意为：17年后，当新型冠状病毒出现时，他仍在抗击病毒的战斗第一线，研制对抗新型冠状病毒的疫苗。根据语境可知，此处表目的，应用不定式作状语。故填to develop。
8．was awarded 句意为：钟南山于2020年被授予共和国勋章，共和国勋章是国家最高荣誉，授予自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来为国家发展作出突出贡献的杰出人士。award与Zhong Nanshan之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态；由In 2020可知，应使用一般过去时；主语为第三人称单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填was awarded。
9．to 句意见上一题解析。contributions to… 为固定用法，表示“对……的贡献”， 故填to。
10．its 句意见第8题解析。修饰名词founding应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
[山西太原2021月考]
The Chinese Doctor Who Beat the Plague (瘟疫)
In the winter of 1910, Dr Wu Lien teh stepped off a train in the northern Chinese city of Harbin.He was there to solve a medical mystery, at great personal risk.Over the past few months, an unknown disease had swept along the railways of Northeast China, killing 99.9% of its victims.The Qing Imperial court had sent the Cambridge educated Dr Wu north to stop the epidemic.
When Dr Wu arrived in Harbin on Christmas Eve, 1910, he carried little in the way of medical instruments and had only one assistant.One of Wu's first acts upon arrival was to set up special quarantine (隔离) units and to order lockdowns to stop infected people from travelling and spreading the disease.He had teams check households for possible cases, and even managed to convince authorities to completely close the railways in the early weeks of 1911.Of particular concern was the upcoming Chinese New Year holiday, which had become a great annual migration of people travelling across the country to see their families.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
记叙文 人物故事 359 中 8分钟
Thanks to Dr Wu’s efforts, the number of plague victims began to die down, and by March 1st, 1911, the epidemic was fully contained.The pneumonic (肺炎的) plague outbreak of 1910—1911 lasted nearly four months, affected five provinces and six major cities, and accounted for over 60 ,000 deaths.It is clear that without the brave and decisive action taken by Dr Wu it could have been much worse.Had the epidemic gone unchecked, allowing holiday rail passengers to spread the disease to the rest of China could have meant a catastrophic loss of life and possibly a global health crisis.
In April 1911, Dr Wu chaired the International Plague Conference in Shenyang, attended by scientists from 11 countries including the United States, Great Britain, Russia, Japan and France.They praised Dr Wu for his handling of the 1910—1911 outbreak.For a time, Dr Wu was the world’s most famous plague fighter, a title he defended in a malaria epidemic in China in 1919, and a return of plague in 1921.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
记叙文 人物故事 359 中 8分钟
1．What was Dr Wu’s mission in 1910
A．To take personal risks. B．To end an epidemic.
C．To provide medical education. D．To investigate the number of victims.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国医生伍连德带领全国人民战胜瘟疫的故事。
答案及解析
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The Qing Imperial court had sent the Cambridge educated Dr Wu north to stop the epidemic.可知，伍医生被派去北方的目的是阻止一场流行病。故选B。
2．Which of Dr Wu’s acts stopped the disease from spreading nationwide
A．Setting up special quarantine units.
B．Carrying medical instruments with him.
C．Checking households for possible cases.
D．Convincing authorities to close the railways.
答案及解析
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的… even managed to convince authorities to completely close the railways in the early weeks of 1911… travelling across the country to see their families.可知，他说服当局彻底关闭了铁路，因为即将到来的新年假期是每年一次的人口大迁移，人们会去往全国各处走亲访友。由此可知，关闭铁路这一举措阻止了疾病在全国范围内传播。故选D。
3．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．The disease worsened after March 1st, 1911.
B．60 ,000 people would have died without Dr Wu’s efforts.
C．The world was saved from a major epidemic in 1911.
D．A global health crisis followed the 1910—1911 outbreak.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
答案及解析
3．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后两句可知，很明显如果没有伍医生采取的果断行动，情况会更糟。如果对流行病置之不理且不封铁路，允许旅客把疾病传播到中国其他地方就意味着灾难性的生命损失，并可能造成全球健康危机。故从第三段能推断出，1911年世界免于一场大规模疫情。故选C。
4．What can we know about Dr Wu from the last paragraph
A．He continued to fight plagues after 1911.
B．He was infected with malaria in 1919.
C．He travelled worldwide hosting conferences.
D．He claimed plagues would never happen again.
答案及解析
4．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的For a time, Dr Wu was the world’s most famous plague fighter, a title he defended in a malaria epidemic in China in 1919, and a return of plague in 1921.可知，伍医生一度成为世界上最著名的抗疫斗士，在1919年中国疟疾流行和1921年鼠疫卷土重来的时候，他保留了这个头衔。由此判断出1911年后，他仍继续与瘟疫作斗争。故选A。
[山东2022高二“山东学情”期中联考]Scientists were working to stop a deadly virus that infected pigs.This African swine flu (猪流感) virus was causing huge losses for farmers in China and other Asian countries.Many farmers had tried to contain it by destroying infected animals.But the spread of the disease into East Asia had stepped up the search for other ways to deal with the problem.
The virus had not been considered a major concern for researchers until it appeared in China.Chinese farmers raise about half of the world’s pigs.Some researchers think the virus might have come from infected animals in Eastern Europe.Since then, it had spread to China, Vietnam and other Asian countries.Millions of pigs had been destroyed.
Although swine flu does not make people sick, it is very infectious and deadly to pigs.As the deadly virus killed pigs across Asia, scientists were speeding up their efforts to develop a vaccine.“Today’s situation, where you have this global threat, puts a lot more emphasis on it, ” said Doctor Luis Rodriguez, who leads the United States government laboratory for foreign animal diseases.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 科普知识 344 中 8分钟
Vaccines are often developed by killing a virus before it is injected (注射) into an animal.The disabled virus does not make the animal sick, but it activates the body's natural defences against disease.The immune system is then able to identify the virus and produce antibodies against it.However, this method is not effective with all viruses including the one that causes African swine flu.For swine flu, scientists have been working on a different kind of vaccine.It is made from a weakened virus, not a dead one.The problem for researchers has been how to change the virus so it can be safely used.
Vietnam’s government reported a few weeks ago that it was testing vaccines, but provided few details.In China, the government said scientists were working on a vaccine that genetically changes the virus, which is similar to a method being used by scientists in the US.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 科普知识 344 中 8分钟
1．What caused the researchers’ deeper concern
A．The virus’ appearance in China.
B．The disease’s damage to people’s health.
C．The death rate of pigs all over the world.
D．The failure of vaccine’s development.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们致力于研发对抗猪流感病毒的疫苗。
答案及解析
1．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The virus had not been considered a major concern for researchers until it appeared in China.可知，病毒在中国的出现引起了研究人员更深层次的关注。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Developing a vaccine.
B．Curing the infected pigs.
C．Finding the origins of the virus.
D．Studying the harmful effects on people.
2．A 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的As the deadly virus killed pigs across Asia, scientists were speeding up their efforts to develop a vaccine.可知，画线词所在句表示“今天的情况是，当你面临这种全球性的威胁时，你会更加注重疫苗的研发”。由此可知，it指代上文中的develop a vaccine。故选A项。
答案及解析
3．What can we learn about the vaccines against African swine flue
A．They are developed from a dead virus.
B．Regular developing methods apply to them.
C．China and the US have different methods of developing them.
D．The genetic change of the virus may be a breakthrough for the vaccines.
3．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的For swine flu, scientists have been working on… change the virus so it can be safely used.以及第五段中的genetically changes the virus可知，病毒的基因变化可能是疫苗的一个突破。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
答案及解析
4．C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Scientists were working to stop a deadly virus that infected pigs.以及后文介绍的研制疫苗的过程可知，文章介绍了科学家们致力于研制对抗猪流感病毒的疫苗。所以本文的最佳标题为“科学家们加紧研制猪流感疫苗”。故选C项。
长难句分析In China, the government said scientists were working on a vaccine that genetically changes the virus, which is similar to a method being used by scientists in the US.
句式分析：本句是主从复合句， that genetically changes the virus是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a vaccine；which引导非限制性定语从句，解释前句内容。
句意：在中国，政府说科学家们正在研制一种改变病毒基因的疫苗，这与美国科学家们使用的方法类似。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Government Places Much Stress on Virus Research
B．Swine Flu Leads to the Deaths of Lots of Pigs
C．Scientists Hurry to Develop Vaccine for Swine Flu
D．Research on Animal Diseases Makes Great Progress
[河北石家庄二中2022高二期末]Study shows that wearing masks outdoors can protect against more than viruses for people who suffer from seasonal allergies.Protection varies from mask to mask, depending on the fit and, for cloth masks, the weave (织法) of the fabric.And unless you wear a mask at all times, you may still be affected by indoor dust or other things carried through open windows.__1__
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1．C 根据上文Study shows that wearing masks outdoors can protect against more than viruses for people who suffer from seasonal allergies.可知，上文提到戴口罩可以减轻一些过敏症状，后文主要提出了一些减少过敏的方法，故C项(这里还有一些建议来减少你在过敏季节的症状)符合语境，故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过敏易发作的季节里减轻过敏症状的一些建议。
答案及解析
【答案】C．Here are some more tips to reduce your symptoms during allergy season.
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 介绍说明 253 中 7分钟
Protect your eyes.__2__ It helps block allergens like tree pollen (花粉) from making direct contact with eyes.
Wash and change your mask frequently.“The last thing you want is allergens getting trapped in it，” Dr Parikh, an allergist and immunologist at NYU Langone Health, said.She recommends patients change their clothes when they get home and shower before sleep to ensure that pollen doesn't stick to their skin, and wash reusable masks frequently.__3__
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
2．A 根据上文Protect your eyes.以及后文It helps block allergens like tree pollen from making direct contact with eyes.可知，本段主要介绍减轻过敏症状的方法之一——保护眼睛，A项(当你在室外时，戴上眼镜或太阳镜)介绍保护眼睛的具体方法，符合语境，故选A项。
答案及解析
【答案】A．Wear glasses or sunglasses when you’re outside.
【答案】G．The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends washing a cloth mask after each use.
3．G 根据上文Wash and change your mask frequently.可知，本段建议经常清洗和更换口罩，G项中的washing a cloth mask呼应上文中的Wash and change your mask。G项(疾病控制与预防中心建议每次使用后清洗口罩)符合语境，故选G项。
Find a mask that doesn't make your skin painful.Choosing the right mask for an allergy prone wearer can also be important.People with sensitive skin may react to dyes (染料) in some fabric masks and should use perfume free detergents (洗衣粉)．__4__ “My allergy sufferers have very sensitive skin because the same things that make them sneeze or cough also can irritate (刺激) their skin, ” Dr Parikh said.
__5__ “If people are continuing to have symptoms that interfere with normal activity—if they're missing work, missing school, their sleep is disrupted at night—see a physician，” Dr Lang, an allergist at the Cleveland Clinic, said.“There are other ways we can help.You shouldn't be suffering needlessly.”
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
4．E 根据上文Find a mask that doesn't make your skin painful.Choosing the right mask for an allergy prone wearer can also be important.可知，本段主要是关于选择口罩的建议，后文提到了皮肤敏感易引起过敏症状，因此应选择不刺激皮肤的口罩。E项(或者选择不太可能刺激皮肤的医用级口罩)符合语境，故选E项。
答案及解析
【答案】E．Or choose a medical grade mask which is less likely to irritate skin.
【答案】B．Talk to a doctor if your allergy symptoms are severe.
5．B 根据后文If people are continuing to have symptoms that interfere with normal activity… see a physician可知，如果过敏症状已经严重到影响日常生活，就去看医生，B选项中的Talk to a doctor对应后文中的see a physician。B项(如果你的过敏症状很严重，就去看医生)符合语境。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
A．Wear glasses or sunglasses when you're outside.
B．Talk to a doctor if your allergy symptoms are severe.
C．Here are some more tips to reduce your symptoms during allergy season.
D．Wearing a mask also makes the air through our nose much warmer.
E．Or choose a medical grade mask which is less likely to irritate skin.
F．Give up our masks if we head into another allergy season in the future.
G．The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends washing a cloth mask after each use.
Unit 9 Human Biology
选择性必修
第三册
Lesson 3 Epidemics Explained
03
1．Traditionally, Chinese languages _________________ (classify) into seven groups, including Mandarin spoken in the north, central and western provinces.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
are classified
句意为：传统上，中国的语言分为七大类，包括北方、中西部省份说的普通话。此处表示客观事实，应用一般现在时，且谓语动词和主语Chinese languages之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，主语为复数，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are classified。
2．She is in a bad mood.We'd better talk about something less ________ (depress)．
depressing
句意为：她心情不好，我们最好谈论不那么令人沮丧的事情。根据空前的something less和句子语境可知，此处应用形容词depressing。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
3．I hate to go to the beach at sunny weekends and see rubbish bags lying on the sand, cigarette butts (烟头) ________ (bury) in the sand, and soda cans floating in the ocean.
句意为：我讨厌在阳光明媚的周末去海滩，看到垃圾袋在沙滩上、烟头埋在沙子里、汽水罐漂浮在海里。cigarette butts和bury之间是逻辑上的被动关系，设空处为过去分词作宾语补足语，故填buried。
buried
4．This is a terrible disease that can result________ total blindness, if left untreated.
in
句意为：这是一种可怕的疾病，如果不加以治疗，会导致完全失明。result in为固定短语，意为“导致”，故填in。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
5．Would you please look ________ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes
句意为：你能帮我浏览一下试卷，看看有没有什么明显的错误吗？ look through为固定短语，意为“快速查看；浏览”。
through
6．The teacher suggested that Tom go to the music store to see if any of the instruments there appealed________ him.
to
句意为：老师建议汤姆到音乐商店去看看那里有没有什么吸引他的乐器。appeal to为固定短语，意为“吸引”，故填to。
解析
解析
7．The performance reviewed China’s ancient times, ________ (show) the country's rich cultural heritage and singing about the present, as well as the future that lies ahead.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
showing
8．_____________ (spend) the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.
Having spent
句意为：该演出回顾了中国的古代，展示了中国丰富的文化遗产，歌颂了现在和不久的将来。根据语境可知，设空处与下文的singing并列作状语，应用现在分词形式，故填showing。
句意为：琳达去年在香港做了一年交换生后，看起来比同龄人更成熟。此处是非谓语动词作状语，spend与其逻辑主语Linda之间是主动关系，应用现在分词；非谓语动词表示的动作先发生，主句谓语的动作后发生，所以应用现在分词的完成式；句子第一个单词首字母大写，故填Having spent。
解析
解析
9．Recent years _________________ (witness) a great improvement in the relations between the two countries.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
have witnessed
10．A study shows the students who are engaged in after school activities are happier than those ________ are not.
who
句意为：近年来，两国关系有了很大的改善。根据Recent years可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语为复数，故填have witnessed。
句意为：一项研究表明，参加课外活动的学生比不参加的学生更幸福。those与the students是对应关系，指人，故此处用关系代词who引导定语从句，修饰先行词those。
解析
解析
1．在非常寒冷的冬天，野生动物会因为缺乏食物而死亡。(die)
In very cold winter, wild animals can ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
1．die from/of lack of food
2．在国外工作期间他接触了许多新的思想。(contact)
He________ ________ ________ ________ a lot of new ideas while working abroad.
2．came in/into contact with
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
3．我买了所有需要的书，心满意足地走出了书店。(with＋复合宾语)
With________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________， I walked out of the bookstore with satisfaction.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
3．all the books I need bought
4．他已经学了很多年的英语，可以和外国人自由交谈。(for years)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________， he can speak freely with foreigners.
4．Having learnt English for years
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
5．据信应对这个事故负责的人已经被找到了。(find out)
The man responsible for the accident is believed ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
5．to have been found out
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明
One of the earliest epidemics on record happened between about 500 and 550 CE 1________ was a devastating epidemic that caused up to 50% of the area’s population 2________ (die)．In the 1330s, it returned in Asia and spread 3________ (rapid) to Europe and became known as “The Black Death”．
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．which
答案及解析
2．to die
3．rapidly
Centuries later, the Spanish Flu, a 4________ (dead) disease, killed an estimated 50 million victims, which is believed to be 5________ (severe) epidemic in history.In the beginning, many people didn't pay attention to such epidemics and thought they wouldn't pose a threat until SARS became public concern.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
4．deadly
5．the most severe/the severest
SARS was first reported in Asia in 2002, 6________ viral respiratory illness 7________ (cause) by a coronavirus.The illness spread to Canada, Vietnam and Singapore and lasted until 2003.Since the end of the SARS epidemic, scientists have been doing trials on treatments to prevent any future outbreaks.One of the biggest 8________ (lesson) from SARS was to share the latest information about the virus9________the public and other countries in the world as10________ (quick) as possible.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
6．a
7．caused illness和cause之间为逻辑上的被动关系，此处用过去分词短语作后置定语。
8．lessons “one of＋the＋形容词最高级＋可数名词复数”意为“最……的……之一”。
9．with share sth with sb为固定短语，意为“和某人分享某事物”。
10．quickly
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物介绍
[四川宜宾2022高二期中联考]Zhong Nanshan, 1________ 86 year old man, is also an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering, a famous respiratory (与呼吸有关的) disease expert, and a leading figure in the 2________ (prevent) and control of respiratory infectious diseases in China.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
【语篇导读】本文介绍了钟南山院士在非典型肺炎和新冠肺炎疫情中所作出的巨大贡献，并因此被授予共和国勋章。
答案及解析
1．an 句意为：钟南山，一位86岁的老人，也是中国工程院院士、著名呼吸病学专家、中国呼吸道传染性疾病防治的领军人物。________ 86 year old man作Zhong Nanshan的同位语，泛指“一位86岁的老人”，应使用不定冠词修饰，86 year old的发音以元音音素开头，应使用an。故填an。
2．prevention 句意见上一题解析。此处位于定冠词the后，与and后的control是并列成分，作介词in的宾语，应使用名词prevention，为不可数名词。故填prevention。
In the spring of 2003, the SARS epidemic broke3________ in China and across the globe.Zhong Nanshan not only led but also took an active part in the fight against SARS.4________ a serious threat put lives at stake (有风险), Zhong Nanshan worked day and night, 5________ (treat) the patients.Through their hard work for several months, Zhong Nanshan and his workmates achieved a 6________ (success) result.Soon the SARS epidemic was stopped.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
3．out 句意为： 2003年的春天，非典型肺炎传染病在中国和全球爆发。break out为固定搭配，意为“爆发”。故填out。
4．Although/Though/While 句意为：虽然严重危及生命，但钟南山夜以继日地工作，治疗病人。结合句意可知，此处表让步，句子首字母大写。故填Although/Though/While。
5．treating 句意见上一题解析。worked为主句的谓语动词，与设空处之间无连词连接，设空处应用非谓语动词形式作状语，treat与Zhong Nanshan之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。故填treating。
6．successful 句意为：经过几个月的努力，钟南山和同事们取得了成功。此处修饰名词，应使用形容词作定语，successful意为“如愿以偿的；成功的”。故填successful。
Seventeen years later, when the novel coronavirus appeared, he still fought against the virus on the front line of the battle 7________ (develop) vaccines (疫苗) against the novel coronavirus.In 2020, Zhong Nanshan 8________ (award) the Medal of the Republic, which is the country's highest honour for extraordinary figures who have made great contributions 9________ the People’s Republic of China’s development since 10________ (it) founding in 1949.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
7．to develop 句意为：17年后，当新型冠状病毒出现时，他仍在抗击病毒的战斗第一线，研制对抗新型冠状病毒的疫苗。根据语境可知，此处表目的，应用不定式作状语。故填to develop。
8．was awarded 句意为：钟南山于2020年被授予共和国勋章，共和国勋章是国家最高荣誉，授予自1949年中华人民共和国成立以来为国家发展作出突出贡献的杰出人士。award与Zhong Nanshan之间是被动关系，应使用被动语态；由In 2020可知，应使用一般过去时；主语为第三人称单数，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填was awarded。
9．to 句意见上一题解析。contributions to… 为固定用法，表示“对……的贡献”， 故填to。
10．its 句意见第8题解析。修饰名词founding应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
[山西太原2021月考]
The Chinese Doctor Who Beat the Plague (瘟疫)
In the winter of 1910, Dr Wu Lien teh stepped off a train in the northern Chinese city of Harbin.He was there to solve a medical mystery, at great personal risk.Over the past few months, an unknown disease had swept along the railways of Northeast China, killing 99.9% of its victims.The Qing Imperial court had sent the Cambridge educated Dr Wu north to stop the epidemic.
When Dr Wu arrived in Harbin on Christmas Eve, 1910, he carried little in the way of medical instruments and had only one assistant.One of Wu's first acts upon arrival was to set up special quarantine (隔离) units and to order lockdowns to stop infected people from travelling and spreading the disease.He had teams check households for possible cases, and even managed to convince authorities to completely close the railways in the early weeks of 1911.Of particular concern was the upcoming Chinese New Year holiday, which had become a great annual migration of people travelling across the country to see their families.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
记叙文 人物故事 359 中 8分钟
Thanks to Dr Wu’s efforts, the number of plague victims began to die down, and by March 1st, 1911, the epidemic was fully contained.The pneumonic (肺炎的) plague outbreak of 1910—1911 lasted nearly four months, affected five provinces and six major cities, and accounted for over 60 ,000 deaths.It is clear that without the brave and decisive action taken by Dr Wu it could have been much worse.Had the epidemic gone unchecked, allowing holiday rail passengers to spread the disease to the rest of China could have meant a catastrophic loss of life and possibly a global health crisis.
In April 1911, Dr Wu chaired the International Plague Conference in Shenyang, attended by scientists from 11 countries including the United States, Great Britain, Russia, Japan and France.They praised Dr Wu for his handling of the 1910—1911 outbreak.For a time, Dr Wu was the world’s most famous plague fighter, a title he defended in a malaria epidemic in China in 1919, and a return of plague in 1921.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
记叙文 人物故事 359 中 8分钟
1．What was Dr Wu’s mission in 1910
A．To take personal risks. B．To end an epidemic.
C．To provide medical education. D．To investigate the number of victims.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了中国医生伍连德带领全国人民战胜瘟疫的故事。
答案及解析
1．B 细节理解题。根据第一段中的The Qing Imperial court had sent the Cambridge educated Dr Wu north to stop the epidemic.可知，伍医生被派去北方的目的是阻止一场流行病。故选B。
2．Which of Dr Wu’s acts stopped the disease from spreading nationwide
A．Setting up special quarantine units.
B．Carrying medical instruments with him.
C．Checking households for possible cases.
D．Convincing authorities to close the railways.
答案及解析
2．D 细节理解题。根据第二段中的… even managed to convince authorities to completely close the railways in the early weeks of 1911… travelling across the country to see their families.可知，他说服当局彻底关闭了铁路，因为即将到来的新年假期是每年一次的人口大迁移，人们会去往全国各处走亲访友。由此可知，关闭铁路这一举措阻止了疾病在全国范围内传播。故选D。
3．What can we infer from the third paragraph
A．The disease worsened after March 1st, 1911.
B．60 ,000 people would have died without Dr Wu’s efforts.
C．The world was saved from a major epidemic in 1911.
D．A global health crisis followed the 1910—1911 outbreak.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
答案及解析
3．C 推理判断题。根据第三段中的最后两句可知，很明显如果没有伍医生采取的果断行动，情况会更糟。如果对流行病置之不理且不封铁路，允许旅客把疾病传播到中国其他地方就意味着灾难性的生命损失，并可能造成全球健康危机。故从第三段能推断出，1911年世界免于一场大规模疫情。故选C。
4．What can we know about Dr Wu from the last paragraph
A．He continued to fight plagues after 1911.
B．He was infected with malaria in 1919.
C．He travelled worldwide hosting conferences.
D．He claimed plagues would never happen again.
答案及解析
4．A 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的For a time, Dr Wu was the world’s most famous plague fighter, a title he defended in a malaria epidemic in China in 1919, and a return of plague in 1921.可知，伍医生一度成为世界上最著名的抗疫斗士，在1919年中国疟疾流行和1921年鼠疫卷土重来的时候，他保留了这个头衔。由此判断出1911年后，他仍继续与瘟疫作斗争。故选A。
[山东2022高二“山东学情”期中联考]Scientists were working to stop a deadly virus that infected pigs.This African swine flu (猪流感) virus was causing huge losses for farmers in China and other Asian countries.Many farmers had tried to contain it by destroying infected animals.But the spread of the disease into East Asia had stepped up the search for other ways to deal with the problem.
The virus had not been considered a major concern for researchers until it appeared in China.Chinese farmers raise about half of the world’s pigs.Some researchers think the virus might have come from infected animals in Eastern Europe.Since then, it had spread to China, Vietnam and other Asian countries.Millions of pigs had been destroyed.
Although swine flu does not make people sick, it is very infectious and deadly to pigs.As the deadly virus killed pigs across Asia, scientists were speeding up their efforts to develop a vaccine.“Today’s situation, where you have this global threat, puts a lot more emphasis on it, ” said Doctor Luis Rodriguez, who leads the United States government laboratory for foreign animal diseases.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 科普知识 344 中 8分钟
Vaccines are often developed by killing a virus before it is injected (注射) into an animal.The disabled virus does not make the animal sick, but it activates the body's natural defences against disease.The immune system is then able to identify the virus and produce antibodies against it.However, this method is not effective with all viruses including the one that causes African swine flu.For swine flu, scientists have been working on a different kind of vaccine.It is made from a weakened virus, not a dead one.The problem for researchers has been how to change the virus so it can be safely used.
Vietnam’s government reported a few weeks ago that it was testing vaccines, but provided few details.In China, the government said scientists were working on a vaccine that genetically changes the virus, which is similar to a method being used by scientists in the US.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 科普知识 344 中 8分钟
1．What caused the researchers’ deeper concern
A．The virus’ appearance in China.
B．The disease’s damage to people’s health.
C．The death rate of pigs all over the world.
D．The failure of vaccine’s development.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们致力于研发对抗猪流感病毒的疫苗。
答案及解析
1．A 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The virus had not been considered a major concern for researchers until it appeared in China.可知，病毒在中国的出现引起了研究人员更深层次的关注。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
2．What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3
A．Developing a vaccine.
B．Curing the infected pigs.
C．Finding the origins of the virus.
D．Studying the harmful effects on people.
2．A 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的As the deadly virus killed pigs across Asia, scientists were speeding up their efforts to develop a vaccine.可知，画线词所在句表示“今天的情况是，当你面临这种全球性的威胁时，你会更加注重疫苗的研发”。由此可知，it指代上文中的develop a vaccine。故选A项。
答案及解析
3．What can we learn about the vaccines against African swine flue
A．They are developed from a dead virus.
B．Regular developing methods apply to them.
C．China and the US have different methods of developing them.
D．The genetic change of the virus may be a breakthrough for the vaccines.
3．D 推理判断题。根据第四段中的For swine flu, scientists have been working on… change the virus so it can be safely used.以及第五段中的genetically changes the virus可知，病毒的基因变化可能是疫苗的一个突破。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
答案及解析
4．C 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Scientists were working to stop a deadly virus that infected pigs.以及后文介绍的研制疫苗的过程可知，文章介绍了科学家们致力于研制对抗猪流感病毒的疫苗。所以本文的最佳标题为“科学家们加紧研制猪流感疫苗”。故选C项。
长难句分析In China, the government said scientists were working on a vaccine that genetically changes the virus, which is similar to a method being used by scientists in the US.
句式分析：本句是主从复合句， that genetically changes the virus是that引导的定语从句，修饰先行词a vaccine；which引导非限制性定语从句，解释前句内容。
句意：在中国，政府说科学家们正在研制一种改变病毒基因的疫苗，这与美国科学家们使用的方法类似。
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．Government Places Much Stress on Virus Research
B．Swine Flu Leads to the Deaths of Lots of Pigs
C．Scientists Hurry to Develop Vaccine for Swine Flu
D．Research on Animal Diseases Makes Great Progress
[河北石家庄二中2022高二期末]Study shows that wearing masks outdoors can protect against more than viruses for people who suffer from seasonal allergies.Protection varies from mask to mask, depending on the fit and, for cloth masks, the weave (织法) of the fabric.And unless you wear a mask at all times, you may still be affected by indoor dust or other things carried through open windows.__1__
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1．C 根据上文Study shows that wearing masks outdoors can protect against more than viruses for people who suffer from seasonal allergies.可知，上文提到戴口罩可以减轻一些过敏症状，后文主要提出了一些减少过敏的方法，故C项(这里还有一些建议来减少你在过敏季节的症状)符合语境，故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在过敏易发作的季节里减轻过敏症状的一些建议。
答案及解析
【答案】C．Here are some more tips to reduce your symptoms during allergy season.
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 介绍说明 253 中 7分钟
Protect your eyes.__2__ It helps block allergens like tree pollen (花粉) from making direct contact with eyes.
Wash and change your mask frequently.“The last thing you want is allergens getting trapped in it，” Dr Parikh, an allergist and immunologist at NYU Langone Health, said.She recommends patients change their clothes when they get home and shower before sleep to ensure that pollen doesn't stick to their skin, and wash reusable masks frequently.__3__
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
2．A 根据上文Protect your eyes.以及后文It helps block allergens like tree pollen from making direct contact with eyes.可知，本段主要介绍减轻过敏症状的方法之一——保护眼睛，A项(当你在室外时，戴上眼镜或太阳镜)介绍保护眼睛的具体方法，符合语境，故选A项。
答案及解析
【答案】A．Wear glasses or sunglasses when you’re outside.
【答案】G．The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends washing a cloth mask after each use.
3．G 根据上文Wash and change your mask frequently.可知，本段建议经常清洗和更换口罩，G项中的washing a cloth mask呼应上文中的Wash and change your mask。G项(疾病控制与预防中心建议每次使用后清洗口罩)符合语境，故选G项。
Find a mask that doesn't make your skin painful.Choosing the right mask for an allergy prone wearer can also be important.People with sensitive skin may react to dyes (染料) in some fabric masks and should use perfume free detergents (洗衣粉)．__4__ “My allergy sufferers have very sensitive skin because the same things that make them sneeze or cough also can irritate (刺激) their skin, ” Dr Parikh said.
__5__ “If people are continuing to have symptoms that interfere with normal activity—if they're missing work, missing school, their sleep is disrupted at night—see a physician，” Dr Lang, an allergist at the Cleveland Clinic, said.“There are other ways we can help.You shouldn't be suffering needlessly.”
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
4．E 根据上文Find a mask that doesn't make your skin painful.Choosing the right mask for an allergy prone wearer can also be important.可知，本段主要是关于选择口罩的建议，后文提到了皮肤敏感易引起过敏症状，因此应选择不刺激皮肤的口罩。E项(或者选择不太可能刺激皮肤的医用级口罩)符合语境，故选E项。
答案及解析
【答案】E．Or choose a medical grade mask which is less likely to irritate skin.
【答案】B．Talk to a doctor if your allergy symptoms are severe.
5．B 根据后文If people are continuing to have symptoms that interfere with normal activity… see a physician可知，如果过敏症状已经严重到影响日常生活，就去看医生，B选项中的Talk to a doctor对应后文中的see a physician。B项(如果你的过敏症状很严重，就去看医生)符合语境。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
A．Wear glasses or sunglasses when you're outside.
B．Talk to a doctor if your allergy symptoms are severe.
C．Here are some more tips to reduce your symptoms during allergy season.
D．Wearing a mask also makes the air through our nose much warmer.
E．Or choose a medical grade mask which is less likely to irritate skin.
F．Give up our masks if we head into another allergy season in the future.
G．The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends washing a cloth mask after each use.