北师大版（2019） 选择性必修第三册 Unit9Human Biology Topic Talk & Lesson1课件(共31张PPT)

(共31张PPT)
Unit 9　Human Biology
选择性必修
第三册
Topic Talk & Lesson 1　To Clone or Not to Clone？　　　
01
1．Due to his high _____________________ (capable), he was appointed to deal with the conflict between the two countries.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
capability/capabilities
句意为：由于能力强，他被任命去处理两国之间的冲突。due to意为 “由于；因为”，to 为介词，故此处需用capable的名词形式capability, capability意为“能力；才能”时既可作可数名词，又可作不可数名词，故单复数形式均可。
2．Sometimes adjusting your own attitude plays a more important role than physical ________ (treat) in getting rid of diseases.
treatment
结合形容词physical可知，此处应填名词作为介词than的宾语，treatment意为“治疗”时为抽象名词，不可数，故填treatment。
解析
解析
3．The scientists are able to make an accurate ________ (calculate) about when the spaceship will reach the moon.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：科学家们能准确地计算出航天飞船将于何时到达月球。根据空前的不定冠词an可知，此处应用calculate的名词形式，故填calculation。
4．He has been an active ________ (participate) in the discussion.
句意为：他一直是讨论的积极参与者。an active ________ 作表语，构成“主系表”结构，不定冠词an后接单数名词，故填participant。
calculation
participant
解析
解析
5．Zhang Zhongjing has been honoured ________ a master doctor since the Eastern Han Dynasty.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
as
句意为：自东汉以来，张仲景一直被尊为医术大师。 be honoured as为固定搭配，意为“被尊为”。
6．Some people say such old music isn't necessary or suitable ________ modern people, but I don't think so.
句意为：一些人说，这样古老的音乐没必要也不适合给现代人听，但我不这么认为。be suitable for… 为固定搭配，意为“适合……”，故填for。
解析
解析
for
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．A good coach always stays calm in a game because anger can lead to ________ (make) wrong strategies.
句意为：一位优秀的教练在比赛中总是保持冷静，因为愤怒会导致制订出错误的策略。lead to 意为“导致”，to为介词，后接动名词形式。故填making。
making
8．You’ve done so much work—you are bound ________ (pass) the exam.
to pass
句意为：你下了这么大工夫，考试绝对没问题。be bound to do sth意为 “很有可能/肯定会做某事”。
解析
解析
9．The number of road accidents ______________ (increase) over the past year.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
has increased
10. There was a knock on the door.It was the second time someone _________________ (interrupt) me that night.
had interrupted
句意为：公路事故的数量在过去的一年里有所增长。根据时间状语 over the past year可知，谓语动词用现在完成时，主语是The number of…，为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填has increased。
句意为：有敲门声，这已经是那天晚上第二次有人打扰我了。此处为It is/was the first/second/… time (that) sb has/had done sth.句式，主句用一般过去时，从句应用过去完成时。故填had interrupted。
解析
解析
1．和农村的交通相比，大城市的交通要便捷得多。(comparison)
The transport in big cities is________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ that in the country.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
答案：1．much more convenient in comparison with/to
2．有规律的体育锻炼对于保持健康是非常重要的。(crucial)
Regular physical exercise ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
答案：is crucial for/to/in keeping fit/healthy
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
3．我们坚决要求人人都被公正对待。(宾语从句)
We insist that ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
答案：everyone should be treated fairly　insist表示“坚决要求”时，宾语从句中应使用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。
4．这些科学家五年来一直在寻找新的科学农耕方法。(look for)
These scientists ________ ________ ________ ________ new scientific methods of farming for five years.
答案：have been looking for
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
5．这位表演者一上台，观众就爆发出雷鸣般的掌声。(step)
No sooner ________ ________ ________ ________ on the stage than the audience ________ ________ thunderous applause.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
答案：had the performer stepped; burst into/broke into
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
体裁：议论文　 题材：科技发展
For years, there had been attempts to clone animals artificially.The first 1________ (successful) cloned animal, a sheep named Dolly, lived for only six and a half years.Since then, more than 20 mammal species 2________ (clone), camels, cattle, deer, dogs, goats and mice3________ (include), which have a similar pattern of health problems as well.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．successfully　cloned为过去分词作定语，需用副词修饰。
2．have been cloned　根据时间状语Since then和语境可判断，此处表示过去已经完成的动作对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时；主句主语more than 20 mammal species与clone之间为被动关系，故用现在完成时的被动式。
答案及解析
3．included　included为include的形容词形式，表示“包括在内的”，置于被修饰的名词或代词之后。
Chinese scientists have produced two monkeys with 4________ same gene, Zhong Zhong and Hua Hua.Dr.Sun Qiang, who had been devoting 5________ (him) to the research, said the research team had eventually found a way 6________ (clone) a monkey after a number of failures.This huge breakthrough might lead to a novel animal model system, 7________ is helpful for scientists to study human biology and disease.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
4．the　此处特指“相同的基因”，same常与定冠词the连用。
5．himself　devote oneself to (doing) sth意为“献身于(做)某事”。
6．to clone　不定式作后置定语修饰a way。
7．which　which引导非限制性定语从句。
However, while some people believe it is crucial for scientific advancement, cloning has always been a topic of argument in terms of morality (道德)．
It is insisted by researchers that the science of cloning 8________ (advance) to a higher level.As Einstein said, “Science is a powerful instrument.How it is used, 9________ it is a blessing or a curse to mankind, depends on mankind and not 10________ the instrument.A knife is useful, but it can also kill.”
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
8．be advanced　insist表示“坚决要求”时，其后that引导的从句中要用虚拟语气，即“should＋动词原形”，should可省略。the science of cloning 和advance之间为被动关系，应用被动语态，故填 be advanced。
9．whether　此处为whether引导的主语从句。
10．on　分析句子结构可知，the instrument与空前的mankind为并列关系，共同作depend on的宾语，设空处应为介词on。
体裁：说明文 题材：动物克隆
[湖北“荆、荆、襄、宜”四地七校考试联盟2022高二期中联考] On Aug 27, 2020, Zhao Minghui, an associate professor at Qingdao Agricultural University, posted a notice online looking for a nine month old mate (配偶) for 1________ (he) lab’s cat.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．his　句意为：2020年8月27日，青岛农业大学的赵明辉副教授在网上发布了一则消息，为他实验室里的猫寻求一只9个月大的猫做配偶。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处应用形容词性物主代词修饰后面的名词cat。故填his。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍的是青岛农业大学生命科学学院的赵明辉副教授在社交平台上发布了一则为9个月大的克隆猫“平安”征婚的启事。文章幽默有趣，在引起读者兴趣的同时，也让读者对我国生命科学的发展和克隆技术的进步有了进一步的了解。
答案及解析
.
In the post, he described the cat 2________ a volunteer of cell cloning technology, as well as an English speaker.As for the 3________ (require) of the partner, the post said that healthy British long haired cats would be put on the top of the candidate list.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
2．as　句意为：在这个帖子中，他把他的猫描述成细胞克隆技术的志愿者，并且他的猫还会说英语。describe… as… 意为“把……描述成……”，为常见用法。故填as。
3．requirement(s)　句意为：至于对这只猫的伴侣的要求，帖子称健康的英国长毛猫优先。根据设空前的the和设空处后的of可知，此空要填名词。根据下文内容可知，对这只猫的伴侣的要求不止一条，应用可数名词复数；也可以整体视为一个要求，用单数。故填requirement(s)。
The research team, led by Zhao, cloned the cat for scientific study using a technique known as cell nuclear transfer.It is a special cat, the first one 4________ (appear) at a domestic university cloning lab.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
4．to have appeared　句意为：这是一只特殊的猫，是第一只出现在国内大学克隆实验室的猫。分析句子结构可知，one前有序数词修饰，应用不定式作后置定语，此处appear的动作已经发生，应用不定式的完成式。故填to have appeared。
The clone, born on Dec 24, 5________ (refer) to as Ping'an, meaning safety and health.Over the past nine months, the cat 6________ (grow) into the period of young adulthood 7________ it is ready to mate.To today, three outstanding British long haired cats have been selected.Zhao’s team 8________ (accurate) get cat fertilised eggs at a
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
6．has grown　句意为：在过去的9个月里，这只猫已经长大，进入成年阶段，也就是到可以进行交配的时期了。根据句子中的时间状语Over the past nine months可知，主句应用现在完成时；主语为the cat，为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填has grown。
7．when　句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句。先行词是the period of young adulthood，关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
8．accurately　句意为：赵教授的团队在一个特别的时期，通过使用提前建立好的技术搜集到了早期的胚胎，准确无误地获得了猫的受精卵。修饰动词get应用副词。故填accurately。
5．is referred　句意为：这只出生在12月24日的克隆动物被称为“平安”，代表着安全和健康。refer to A as B意为“把A称之为B”。此处表示这只猫被称之为“平安”，应用被动语态。主语是The clone，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。故填is referred。
special period of time by using the pre established technology to collect early embryos (胚胎)．The technology provides 9________ important means to lay the theoretical basis for producing larger animal models of human diseases and studying the pathogenesis (发病机制) of diseases, thus 10________ (promote) drug development.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
9．an　句意为：这项技术提供了一种重要的方法，为制作人类疾病的大型动物模型和研究疾病的发病机制奠定了理论基础，进而有利于促进药物的开发。means在此处意为“方法”，是可数名词，此处为泛指，前面应用不定冠词修饰，important的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
10．promoting　句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填promoting。
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 克隆 346 中 8分钟
[湖北宜昌2022高二期中] For the general public confused by the heated discussion on human cloning, A Clone of Your Own does an admirable job in explaining many of the ethical (伦理的) and scientific problems.Drawing from literature, the visual arts, films and her personal experiences, Arlene Judith Klotzko has created an overview of cloning.
Klotzko tells us about the early experiments that Aristotle did with chicken embryos (胚胎); about a German scientist, Hans Spemann, who figured out the theory of cloning some sixty years before we actually succeeded in cloning; about Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal (哺乳动物) at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh; and about the current successes and failures in attempts at cloning.
The book paints a picture of human cloning as a worthwhile job.Klotzko lists many potential benefits that cloning could have.She also, following several others, makes clear many of the common misunderstanding concerning cloning, and puts in plain words the limited effect that genes have on shaping the kind of people we become.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 克隆 346 中 8分钟
A Clone of Your Own provides clear explanations of both the basic scientific and ethical problems surrounding cloning.Klotzko appears to have drawn on a wide range of published works on the ethics of cloning, and makes a large number of the arguments in the literature in this short book.However, readers who are unaware of the literature may be left with the impression that Klotzko is the first and the only person to have written on the ethics of cloning, which is far from the case.It is a pity that the author and the publisher have provided so little reference to the ethics literature and given so little sign that they are aware of it.Whether one's interest lies in the science or the ethics of cloning, the short list of further reading provided at the end of the book is unhelpful and misleading.
But this warning aside, the drawings in this book and Klotzko's words make the book highly approachable.The public who would like to understand what the debate on human cloning is should read this book.
1．What does Klotzko tell us in A Clone of Your Own？？
A．Aristotle gave the theory of cloning. B．Dolly is the earliest cloned sheep.
C．Hans Spemann cloned the first sheep. D．Cloning is a heated topic.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一本名为A Clone of Your Own 的书，它出色地解释了许多关于克隆的伦理和科学问题。
答案及解析
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的about Dolly the sheep, the first cloned mammal at the Roslin Institute in Edinburgh可知，柯洛茨克在这本书中提到了最早被克隆出来的哺乳动物绵羊多莉。故选B。
2．What is Klotzko’s attitude towards cloning
A．Positive. B．Negative. C．Uninterested. D．Doubtful.
答案及解析
2．A　推理判断题。根据第三段中的Klotzko lists many potential benefits that cloning could have.可推知，柯洛茨克支持克隆技术。故选A。
3．What can we learn from Paragraph 4
A．Klotzko is the first to write on the ethics of cloning.
B．Publishers offer reference to the ethics literature.
C．The list of further reading provided in the book is helpful.
D．Klotzko makes lots of arguments in the literature.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的Klotzko appears to have drawn on a wide range of published works on the ethics of cloning, and makes a large number of the arguments in the literature in this short book.可知，柯洛茨克在这本书中提出了很多论点。故选D。
答案及解析
4．What is the purpose of the text
A．To recommend a book.
B．To explain a problem.
C．To remember a writer.
D．To introduce a discussion.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，文章主要介绍了一本名为A Clone of Your Own？的书，它在解释许多关于克隆的伦理和科学问题方面做得很出色。由此推知，本文的目的是向我们推荐一本书。故选A。
答案及解析
As early as 2005, there were a number of new stories about dog cloning and cat cloning.Animal cloning had been old news for nearly a decade by then, with the revolutionary (革命性的) cloning of Dolly the sheep in Scotland.
However, Snuppy was the first pet, a dog, to be cloned.Since the cloning of Snuppy, there has been some very successful cloning of pets and other animals.Lou Hawthorne started BioArts while cloning his beloved mixed breed dog Missy.Hawthorne was very pleased with the results of the cloning, producing three successful clones that were very alike to the original in character and behaviour.In January, 2009, a Florida couple, Ed and Nina Otto, announced that they had paid to have their dog cloned by BioArts.
All new technology is overpriced．For example, personal computers were not very affordable at first.Only after the producing process was improved was it possible for every family to have a computer.How much room there will be for organisations to reduce the price point on pet cloning without broad demand is of course questionable.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 科技发展 337 中 8分钟
There are many great dogs and cats that can be found at the local pound (收容所) or are given away for “free to good homes” in classified ads (分类广告)．However, there is no limit to the value people place on a beloved pet.The Ottos are a good example of that.If people can buy a dog or cat with predictable behaviour and characteristics, there is value in that.There is a predictable market here, though it may always be limited in size.
While pet cloning has not taken off as some hoped, it's clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out.With the inevitable (不可避免的) success that cloned pet owners will have, the practice will become more widely accepted and it seems inevitable that there is a future for cloned dogs and cats.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 科技发展 337 中 8分钟
1．What is the main idea of this passage
A．The brief introduction of pet cloning.
B．The behaviour of cloned animals.
C．The cases of pet cloning.
D．The history of pet cloning.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了宠物克隆技术正在日益兴起，并列举了一些宠物克隆成功的例子，但是目前这项新技术还很昂贵。作者对宠物克隆的前景持乐观态度。
答案及解析
1．A　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的As early as 2005, there were a number of new stories about dog cloning and cat cloning.以及文章主要内容都是围绕宠物克隆展开介绍可知，文章中心思想是介绍宠物克隆技术。故选A。
2．What can be inferred from the passage
A．Pet cloning will be accepted by everyone.
B．New technology of pet cloning will be invented.
C．Human cloning may one day become a reality.
D．The price of pet cloning may not be cheap.
答案及解析
2．D　推理判断题。根据第三段中的How much room there will be for organisations to reduce the price point on pet cloning without broad demand is of course questionable.可知，在没有广泛需求的情况下，各个机构将有多大的空间来降低宠物克隆的价格是值得怀疑的。由此可推知，宠物克隆的价格可能并不便宜。故选D。
3．Which of the following has the closest meaning to the underlined word in the third paragraph
A．Cheap. B．Wonderful. C．Expensive. D．Various.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．C　词义猜测题。第三段第二句For example, personal computers were not very affordable at first.讲的是人们最初并不太能负担得起个人电脑，由此可知个人电脑一开始并不是很便宜。由此可推测此处表示“所有新技术都很贵”，故画线单词意为“昂贵的”。故选C。
答案及解析
4．What does the author think of the market of pet cloning
A．Negative. B．Unclear. C．Indifferent. D．Optimistic.
4．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 While pet cloning has not taken off as some hoped, it's clear that it will become a bigger market in the future and it will be increasingly possible for people to try this out.可知，作者认为宠物克隆在未来将成为一个更大的市场，人们将越来越有可能试用这种技术，即作者对宠物克隆的市场持乐观的态度。故选D。
答案及解析
[安徽淮南一中2021高二月考]Is there a newspaper at your school If your school doesn't have one, you can help start one online.If your high school already has a printed newspaper, adding an online version can help you reach new audiences and add new content.__1__ An online newspaper can be a chance for high school students to gain experience with journalism and with working online.So it's necessary to know how to start an online newspaper.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1．A　设空处前一句中的help you reach new audiences and add new content和后一句中的to gain experience with journalism and with working online讲的都是创办网络版校园报纸的优势，因此设空处也应是介绍其优势，故A项“它也比印刷版便宜得多”符合语境。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了创办网络版校园报纸的优势和方法。
答案及解析
【答案】A．It’s also much cheaper than a printed one.
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 介绍说明 239 中 7分钟
__2__ If your news site will only have one article or two a day, you may want to use a blog template (模板)．If you plan to publish a more magazine style weekly edition with more stories, you will probably want a more complicated front page to show what's in it.
Try to spend some money. Although it’s possible to start a website for free, even?$50 will help your newspaper buy a memorable website address. __3__ Therefore, don’t feel unwilling or worried when you need to spend some money.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
2．B　根据设空处后的If your news site will only have one article… to show what's in it.可知，这段主要是在说明如何决定网络报纸的类型，即“想要什么类型的网络报纸”的问题，故B项“决定你想要什么类型的网络报纸”符合语境。
答案及解析
【答案】B．Decide what kind of online newspaper you want.
【答案】D．These expenses can be made back later through online advertising.
3．D　本段第一句为主旨句：尽量花一些钱。根据主旨句及本段中的关键信息money，even $50 will help和don’t feel unwilling or worried可定位至D项“这些费用之后可以通过网络广告赚回”，expenses呼应本段中的money。
Create content for your newspaper.Along with written articles, an online newspaper is a great place for photo slide shows, videos, polls, forums and calendars.__4__
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
4．F　设空处前一句提到了在网络报纸中加入图片幻灯片、视频、投票、论坛和日历这些内容，本句应当是说明上文这一做法的作用——吸引更多的页面浏览量。 F项中的a mix of content and a variety of voices呼应前一句中的written articles以及photo slide shows, videos, polls, forums and calendars。故选F项。
答案及解析
【答案】F．Use a mix of content and a variety of voices to encourage more page views.
Market your newspaper.You can promote it through old fashioned announcements such as flyers (传单) and by word of mouth.__5__ You can make good use of Facebook, Myspace and Twitter.
Are you ready to start your own online newspaper If so, take action right now!
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
答案及解析
【答案】E．However, it might be better to advertise on social networking sites.
5．E　根据设空处前一句You can promote it through old fashioned announcements such as flyers and by word of mouth.和设空处后一句You can make good use of Facebook, Myspace and Twitter.可知，此处应说明利用社交网站做广告去宣传网络报纸的优势，故E项“然而，在社交网站上做广告可能更好”符合语境。
A．It’s also much cheaper than a printed one.
B．Decide what kind of online newspaper you want.
C．Try to save money when you start an online newspaper.
D．These expenses can be made back later through online advertising.
E．However, it might be better to advertise on social networking sites.
F．Use a mix of content and a variety of voices to encourage more page views.
G．Online newspapers can help students get improved and do good to the environment.