【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版选修七教师用书Module 4 Music Born in America
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| 名称 | 【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版选修七教师用书Module 4 Music Born in America |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 4.3MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-08-09 07:26:51 | ||
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Module 4 Music Born in America
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【美文阅读】
音乐是艺术，是生活的艺术。音乐是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表达，是对生命的表达。音乐是对现实生活的感悟和升华。美国音乐是世界艺术殿堂里的一朵奇葩，难道你不想了解它吗？
The music of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e United States reflects the country's multi ethnic population through different kinds of styles.Among the country's most famous kinds are hip hop，blues，country，rhythm and blues，jazz，barbershop，pop，and rock and roll.The United States has the world's largest music industry and its music is heard around the world.Since the beginning of the 20th century，some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.
Native American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is today known as the United States and played its first music.Beginning in the 17th century，immigrants from the United Kingdom，Ireland，Spain，Germany and France began arriving in large numbers，
bringing with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) them new styles and instruments.African slaves brought musical traditions，and each subsequent(随后的) wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot.Much of modern popular music can trace its roots to theemergence
(出现) in the late 19 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s.
Many Americ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an cities and towns have vibrant(充满生机的) music scenes which，in turn，support a number of regional musical styles.
【诱思导学】
1．What's the feature of America's music
_______________________________________________
2．What are the roots of much modern popular music
_______________________________________________
【答案】 1.Various styles and very popular in the world.
2．The emergence i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the late 19th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是学生通过对学案所给出的内容的学习 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
通过本节的教学，让学生了解美国音乐的有关知识，培养学生的有关语言技能，并进一步了解中外音乐的相互影响和音乐在人们生活中的作用。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师在黑板上写下“musi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c”，要求学生说出各种音乐的英语名称：folk music，light music，jazz，rap，disco……。根据学生的已有关音乐的背景知识，自然导入本模块的Music born in America。
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格
1.________：Hip hop
Introduction ●What：an American 2.________ movement.●When：started in the 1970s.●Where：block parties in New York.●Main 3.________：breakdance，graffiti art，DJ ing，rapping.
The big4．________：rap ●DJs made the percussion breaks 5.________.●DJs began speaking and shouting while the music was played.
6.________ forsuccess ●Hip hop was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 7.________ and easy.●People 8.________ the pop music of the day and hip hop 9.________ that.
How to recordthe songs ●First: record music and then 10.________.●Later：record vocals and music at the same time.
【答案】 1.Topic 2.cult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ural 3.aspects 4.breakthrough 5.longer 6.Reasons 7.cheap 8.were bored with 9.took advantage of 10.add vocals
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P44－45的Reading and Vocabulary，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Why did DJs start repeating the percussion breaks in songs
A．Because the audience enjoyed dancing to this kind of music.
B．Because the audience enjoyed different kinds of music.
C．Because these were the best parts of the songs.
2．In the sentence “ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Hip hop took advantage of that and...”(Paragraph 2，Part 3) ，“that” refers to ________.
A．hip hop is cheap and easy
B．disco music had a strong beat，and it was easy to dance to
C．disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid 1970s
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．New York was once the center of hip hop.
B．Hip hop spread to all parts of the world in 1990s.
C．Hip hop was popular after the decline of disco and rock music.
4．Which one is not the main aspect of hip hop
A．MC ing B．Break dance C．Disco
5．Which country did hip hop not spread across
A．France B．China C．Belgium
【答案】 1－5 A B B C B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Hip hop is an Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block 1.________ in New York，especially in a district called the Bronx.There are four main 2.________ of hip hop：breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop music－Dj ing and rapping.Rapping is also 3.________ as MC ing.There was the breakthrough.DJ Herc，one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time，noticed that New York 4.________ didn't really like reggae music，so he started playing other kinds of music，5.________ rock and disco music.They 6.________ with different vocal and rhythmic 7.________，using rhyming words.At the same time，people started 8.________ at block parties.Because it's 9.________ and easy and because people were bored with the pop music of the day，hip hop became 10.________.
【答案】 1.parties 2.asp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ects 3.known 4.audience 5.including 6.experimented 7.approaches 8.breakdancing 9.cheap 10.successful
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．movement A．to come out of a dark，enclosed on hidden place
2．technique B．an act of moving the body or part of the body
3．decline C．a particular way of doing sth.
4．emerge D．a co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntinuous decrease in the number，value，quality，etc.of sth.
【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
Ⅱ.短语填空
make up；consist of； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )side by side；on the decline；emerge from；rather than；take advantage of
1．The sun ____________ behind the clouds.
2．Don't ________ the weakness of others.
3．They were walking ________ in the street.
4．One hundred years ________ a century.
5．How many chapters does the book ________？
6．He，________ you，is to blame.
【答案】 1.emerged ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from 2.take advantage of 3.side by side 4.makes up 5.consist of 6.rather than
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．“The moment I hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
“我一听”，他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐”。
2．Hip hop took advant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco!
嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐。
3．Songs that are spoken rather than sung are called rap.
说唱歌曲是说的而不是唱出来的。
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师用Hip hop乐曲导入新课，然后激发学生了解更多的相关hip hop的音乐知识，从而进入本课的学习。
●教学流程设计
1．make up创作；编造；构成；占；组成；弥补；补足；化妆
Making it up as you play(P43)．演奏时即兴创作。
Please make up two sentences of your own.
请你们自己造两个句子。
归纳拓展
be made in在……制造
be made up of由……构成
make up for弥补……
The company is made up of four divisions.
该公司由四个部门组成。
Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
失去任何一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。
The words ________ the group of people are not true.
A．made up of B．made up for
C．made up by D．made up
【解析】 句意：那伙人编造的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )话是不属实的。made up by the group of people为过去分词短语作定语，修饰the words相当于which are made up by...，其中make up意为“编造”。
【答案】 C
2．consist of包含，包括，由……组成
The words of early ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Blues songs often consisted of a single line repeated two or three times before changing.(P43)早期布鲁斯的歌曲通常包含一句要反复唱两三遍才换的歌词。
A week consists of seven days.一星期由七天组成。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
水由氢和氧组成。
【提示】 consist of不用于进 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行时，也不用于被动形式。它的同义短语be made up of和be composed of均用被动形式。
归纳拓展
consist in存在于；在于
consist with与……一致
句型转换
Our committee consists of ten members.
→Our committee__________ten members.
【答案】 is composed of/is made up of
3．movement n．运动；活动；动作
Hip hop is an Americ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York，especially in a district called the Bronx.(P44)
嬉蹦乐是一场美国文化运动，始于20世纪70年代纽约的街道舞会，特别是布朗克斯区。
A movement to protect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )non smokers' right to health is going on in the country.
一场保护不抽烟者健康权利的运动正在国内进行。
movement/motion/campaign
movement 一般指具体动作或政治运动。
motion 主要指抽象的或科学上所讲的运动、与静止相对。
campaign 尤指政治性运动或商业性的宣传活动。
They have launched an advertising campaign.
他们发起了广告宣传活动。
He lost the power of motion.他失去了运动的能力。
After China launch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed a ________ to popularize Chinese，lots of Confucius colleges have appeared in foreign universities.
A．campaign B．movement
C．measure D．struggle
【解析】 movement和campa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ign都可当“运动”讲，movement一般指具体动作或政治运动，campaign的本义是“战役”，引申为轰轰烈烈的“积极宣传”或有战斗性的运动，其目的比movement明确单纯，轰动性较大。推广汉语是一项比较单纯的影响较大的活动，故选A项。句意：中国推广汉语的运动以后，国外大学里出现了许多孔子学院。
【答案】 A
4．side by side并排；并肩
The percussion break ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s were usually short，but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables，side by side.(P44)这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。
We stand side by side with you in this dispute.
在这场辩论中我们与你们相互支持。
归纳拓展
该短语中的介词by表示“逐一，连续 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，常用于连接两个不带冠词的名词。 类似的短语有：little by little一点一点地；day by day日复一日地；year by year年复一年地；one by one一个一个地；bit by bit一点一点地；drop by drop一滴一滴地；house by house挨家挨户地；step by step一步一步地
—Did you see we tw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o stood ________ to sing the song together on the stage
—Yes.And you two performed very well.
A．side by side B．face in face
C．shoulder on shoulder D．drop by drop
【解析】 side by side意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“肩并肩地”；face in face和shoulder on shoulder不存在；drop by drop意为“一滴一滴地”。句意：——你看到我们两个肩并肩地站在舞台上一起唱歌了吗？——是的。你们两个表现得很棒！
【答案】 A
5．approach n．方法；步骤；临近v.靠近，接近
Later，they exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches，using rhyming words，often words from African American culture.(P45)
后来，他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法，使用的押韵词汇经常是来自非裔美洲人的文化。
He has alread ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y thought of a new approach to the difficulty.他已经想出了一个解决困难的新办法。
There is no easy approach to math.
在(学)数学方面，没有容易的方法。
We heard the sound of an approaching car.
我们听见一辆车驶近的声音。
approach/way/method/means
approach 学习或研究问题的方法。常构成approach to＋n./doing结构。
way 指单一技巧或整套操作过程，对于方法或操作过程本身是好是坏，不作任何的评价。常构成way＋to do/of doing结构，前面接in。
method 多表示抽象的理论方法，而且强调以效率和准确性为目的。常构成method＋of结构，前面接with。
means 手段；方法；工具。常构成短语by means of。
用approach/way/method/means的适当形式填空
①Our teacher is showing us a new ________ of writing.
②There is no doubt th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at radio and television are important ________ of communication.
③Some women like the older ________ of doing things.
④He was warned of the ________ of the enemy.
⑤The school has decided to adopt a different ________ to discipline.
【答案】 ①method ②means ③ways ④approach
⑤approach
6．Secondly，people were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bored with the pop music of the day－disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid 1970s.(P45)其次人们厌倦了当时的流行音乐——20世纪70年代中期迪斯科和摇滚乐都在走下坡路。
(1)be/get bored with厌烦
I was bored with the work not equal to my abilities.
我对于那些跟自己能力不相称的工作感到厌倦。
He is often late. His boss is bored with his excuses.
他老是迟到，老板对他的借口都感到厌倦了。
归纳拓展
bore sb.with sth.用某事烦扰某人
bore sb.to death/tears令某人极度厌烦
be tired of对……厌烦
用适当的介词填空
①I'm bored ________ the subject anyway.
②The students are tired ________ their teacher's lecture.
【答案】 ①with ②of
(2)decline n．/v.衰退；下降；减少；谢绝(邀请等)
His interest in computer games is now in decline.
他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。
His health began to decline.他的健康开始衰退。
归纳拓展
fall into (a) decline开始衰退
be in decline处于下降；衰退中
on the decline在衰退(减少)
decline by下降了……
decline in...在……方面逐渐衰弱
decline to do sth.拒绝做某事
on the decrease在减少
on the increase在增加
There has been a grad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ual decline in the population of the town.该镇的人口在逐渐减少。
The number of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tourists to the resort was in decline last year.去年，这个旅游胜地的游客数量在下降。
He declined to answer my questions.
他拒绝回答我的问题。
完成句子
③The output of g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rain this year there might be ____________(下降) because of the serious drought.
④Having been asked to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a party, I can not help ____________(谢绝出席) your birthday party.
【答案】 ③in decline ④declining to attend
7．take advantage of利用
Hip hop took advant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco！(P45)
嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐！
He takes advantage of her kindness and borrows her bike too much.
她太好说话，所以他总是以此借用她的自行车。
归纳拓展
have the advantage of有……的有利条件
have/gain/win/get an advantage over
胜过；优于；比……处于有利地位
be to sb.'s advantage＝give sb.an advantage
对某人有利
完成句子
①They ________________(充分利用) the hotel's facilities.
②He ____________(胜过) other boys for he had very good preschool education.
③It would be ________________(对你有利) to attend this meeting.
【答案】 ①take full advantage of ②had advantage over ③to your advantage
8．emerge vi.出现
In England，a new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) music form emerged，called trip hop，a mixture of jazz，hip hop and electronic music.(P45)
在英国，一种被称之为迷幻舞曲的新音乐形式出现了，它融合了爵士乐、嬉蹦乐和电子音乐。
The swimmer emerged from the lake.
游泳者从湖水中浮现出来。
It emerged that he had deserted his family.
他遗弃家人的事实暴露了。
归纳拓展
emerge from(＝appear，become known)出现，暴露(问题、意见等)；
It emerges that...暴露，出现
Surfing the Interne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is a new way to relax oneself that ________ in the late 1990s.
A．occurred to B．broke out
C．emerged D．existed
【解析】 occur to后接宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；break out意为“爆发，突然发生”；emerge意为“出现，暴露”，为不及物动词；exist意为“存在，生存”，表示状态，结合句意和选项可知C项符合题意。句意：网上冲浪是20世纪90年代末出现的一种新的休闲方式。
【答案】 C
9．rather than而不是
Songs that are spo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ken rather than sung are called rap.(P46)一种用来说而不是唱的音乐叫做说唱乐。
I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
She is charming rather than beautiful.
与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。
归纳拓展
other than除了
more than超过；不仅仅
would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...与其做……不如做……
prefer to do...rather than do...
宁愿做……而不愿做……
Rather than allow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。
【提示】 ①rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致。
②rather than前后连接的词性通常是一致的。
③rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。
Most people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human being ________ harm them.
A．more than B．rather than
C．other than D．better than
【解析】 rather than而 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不是；more than多于；other than除了；better than比……好。根据句意可知B项正确。
【答案】 B
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够掌握运用状语从句和省略。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
1．touch v．感动；触动；使动心；触摸
The song that touched my heart(P48)
触动我心的歌曲
I was touched beyond words.我感动得无法形容。
Through the rain，nothing could touch my heart.
在雨中，没有什么能使我心动。
归纳拓展
get in touch with与……取得联系
be in touch with与……有联系
keep in touch with与……保持联系
lose touch with与……失去联系
be out of touch with同……没有联系
完成句子
①I am trying ____________________(和她取得联系)．
Do you have her number
②I ________________________(没有联系)with Tom since we parted.
【答案】 ①to get in touch with her ②have been out of touch
2．in order有序地
But if I'm listen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing to loud music or rap or rock, my handwriting starts getting very bad and my thoughts don't stay in order.(P52)但是，如果我听太吵的音乐、说唱乐或摇滚，我的书写就开始变糟，并且思维开始乱套。
He was as busy as a bee trying to put the house in order.
他为了要把家里弄得整齐有序而像一只蜜蜂一样忙碌。
归纳拓展
out of order次序紊乱；不正常
in good/bad order井然有序/乱七八糟
in...order/in order of以……的顺序
put...in order把……按顺序排列
Please line up in order of height.请按高矮个排队。
—I wonder if I could use your telephone.
—________.
A．I wonder how B．I don't wonder
C．Sorry, it's out of order D．No wonder, here it is
【解析】 句意：——我想知道我能否用用你的电话。——抱歉，电话坏了。out of order坏了，出故障了。其他选项不符合语境意义。
【答案】 C
3．try out尝试；试验
The teacher told ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us that she would try out the theory and play us some classical music before the next test and see if we get better test scores！(P52)
老师告诉我们她将验证这个理论，在下次测试之前给我们播放一些古典音乐，看看我们能否得到更高的分数！
They are trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。
He tried out a new idea.
他试验了一个新设想。
归纳拓展
try for谋求；争取
try on试穿
try one's best to do sth.竭尽全力做某事
try one's luck(at)碰碰运气
The engineers tri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed ________ many kinds of cars before they decided to produce one.
A．for B．on
C．out D．at
【解析】 try for争 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )取，试图赢得；try on试穿；try out尝试，试验；try不与at搭配。句意：工程师们在决定生产一款汽车之前要试验许多种类型的汽车。
【答案】 C
4．arise vi.(由……)引起(产生)
From a region o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world.(P53)在一个有700万人口的地区兴起了一种世上最伟大的流行音乐。
Tom thought it would be easy，but a lot of problems have arisen.
汤姆认为会很容易，但是出现了很多问题。
归纳拓展
arise from/out of...由……而引起
result from由……而引起
Emotional or mental p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roblems can arise from a physical cause.身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
rise/raise/arise/arouse
原 形 过去式 过去分词
rise(vi.升起，起身，增长，上升) rose risen
raise(vt.举起，抚养，提高，饲养) raised raised
arise(vi.出现，发生，起因于) arose arisen
arouse(vt.唤醒，唤起，激起) aroused aroused
用上述单词的正确形式填空
①He ________ and walked to the window.
②He ________ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
③The birds also attack crops when the opportunity ________.
④The people's living standard has greatly been ________.
⑤Her temperature is still ________.
⑥The lecture ________ my interest.
【答案】 ①arose/rose ②raised ③arises ④raised ⑤rising ⑥aroused
5．otherwise adv. & conj.否则，要不然
Otherwise，he will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )soon be abandoned by his company and his fans.(P53)不然他很快就会被公司和歌迷遗弃。
I need your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )answer by six o'clock tonight－otherwise we'll leave you out of it！我必须在今晚六点前得到你的答复，否则我们就把你排除在外！
Seize the chance，otherwise you'll regret it.
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
归纳拓展
otherwise adv.在其他方面，不同地，用别的方法
and otherwise等等，其他
or otherwise或相反，或其他情况
but otherwise但在别的方面却
Over 7,000 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riders on New York City subways were fined for putting feet on the seats or otherwise taking up too much space.
有超过七千名乘客在乘坐纽约地铁时因为将脚跷在座位上，或者用别的方法占据了过多空间而遭到罚款。
She is not very clever，but otherwise she's a nice girl.
她并不聪明，但在其他方面，她倒是个好姑娘。
Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is often thought to be the richest woman in the world.________，her personal wealth seems rather small.
A．Besides B．OtherwiseC．However D．Altogether
【解析】 考查副词。句意：人们经常认为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )伊丽莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人，可是她的个人财富似乎很少。A项作为副词意思是“此外；而且”；B项意为“否则，不然的话”；C项意为“然而，可是”；D项意为“总共”。
【答案】 C
6．far from完全不；离……远
It's far from being a part time job.(P53)
这可远远不是一项业余工作。
The problem is far from easy.这问题绝不容易。
Our school is far from the station.
我们学校离车站很远。
归纳拓展
as/so far as远到；至于；就……而言
as far as I'm concerned就我而言
so far到目前为止
far from it完全相反，绝非，远非如此
We'll go by train a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s far as London，and then take a coach. 我们将乘火车到伦敦，然后换乘长途汽车。
As far as I am concerned，sports are good for you.
就我来说，体育运动对你有好处。
—You are not angry then？——那么你不生气？
—Far from it.I have never laughed so much in my life.
——非但没有生气，我一生中还没有这样笑过呢。
So far we have done ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot to build a low carbon economy，but it is ________ ideal.We have to work still harder.
A．next to B．far from
C．out of D．due to
【解析】 句意：迄今为止我们为建立低碳经济已 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )经做了许多，但是远不理想。我们必须更加努力。far from远非，一点也不；next to仅次于；out of离开，出于，一般与名词、代词连用；due to由于。
【答案】 B
7．devote v．为……付出 时间/努力/金钱等
The fans are devoted to their stars.(P53)
歌迷们对他们喜爱的明星非常忠实。
归纳拓展
devote...to...把……投入到……，专心致力于……
be devoted to献身于，专心致力于
He started to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )study Ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门学科。
After he has reti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red，he will devote himself to gardening.他退休后将把精力花在园艺上。
【教师备课资源】
“专心致力于”集结号：
be abandoned to
be absorbed in
be buried in
be applied to
be lost in
focus on
When he was young he used to ________ hard at his lessons.
A．devote to working
B．devote himself to work
C．be devoted to work
D．be devoted to working
【解析】 句意：他年轻时，常常专心刻苦学习功课。be devoted to(doing) sth.专心致力于，与语境相符。
【答案】 D
观察下列句子，并体会画线部分的用法。
①Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.
②“The moment I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) heard it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
③The first time that r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ap artists recorded their music，musicians recorded the backing tracks in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.
④...but by the time I got there，they had gone.
⑤The next time I hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the song，I was in the cinema，waiting for the film to start.
⑥The last time I heard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it，I was in the cinema and I couldn't find out what it was.
⑦Heard this song
⑧—Who gave you that CD？—Dad.
⑨I lent it to someone but I can't remember who.
⑩She said she'd call me but she hasn't.
[自我总结]
上述句子中，①－⑥为____________，⑦－⑩为________。
【答案】 时间状语从句 省略句
时间状语从句和省略句
Ⅰ.时间状语从句
一、时间状语从句的定义
时间状语从句在句中起状语作用，表示时间。时间状语从句表示将来时间时，其谓语动词通常用现在时态。
二、引导时间状语从句的连词
when, while, as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), after, before, once, since, till, until, whenever等。另外表示时间的名词词组及部分副词the minute, the moment, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, each time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly等也可以引导时间状语从句。
三、时间状语从句的用法
1．when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
(1)when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while, as只能和延续性动词连用。
Sorry, I was out when you called me.
对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
The students took notes as they listened.
学生们边听课边做笔记。
(2)when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。
When he had finished h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is homework, he took a short rest.完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。(finished先发生)
When I got to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the airport, the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。(got to后发生)
(3)主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，when, while, as都可使用。
When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们在跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
(4)从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动词作为延续性动词时，when, while, as都可使用。
When/While/As ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter.她在打电话时，我在写信。
(5)当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
2．the moment/minute/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )second/instant, as soon as, immediately, directly, once, no sooner... than, hardly... when引导的时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
He came to the sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ene the moment he heard of the accident.他一听说这起事故就赶到了现场。
She got everything ready as soon as she got to school.她一到学校就把一切都准备好了。
I came directly I got your message.
我一得到你的消息就来了。
Once you lose confidence, you won't be able to do the work well.
你一旦失去信心，就不可能把工作做好。
Jack had no sooner seen me when he left the classroom.
＝No sooner had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.
＝Jack had hardly seen me when he left the classroom.
＝Hardly had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.
杰克一看见我就离开了教室。
3．next time, last time, the first time, every/each time等词引导的时间状语从句。
Next time you come, you will see him.
下次你来时，你就会见到他。
Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick.
每次我乘船旅行都会晕船。
4．until引导的时间状语从句
until从句或短语与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词是延续性的；若与否定句连用时，主句的谓语动词是暂时性的。
The students made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) much noise until the teacher came into the classroom.
直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。
We all insist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that we should not rest until we finish the work.我们都坚决要求不完工不休息。
【提示】 “not until. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )..”位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序，即助动词或系动词放在主语的前面。若没有助动词，则必须加上do/does/did。
Not until his bike ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) looked almost new did he stop cleaning it.直到他的自行车看起来几乎像新的一样，他才停止擦洗。
5．before和after引导的时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间状语从句，before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
He had been a cook before he went to college.
他上大学前曾当过厨师。
He called me after he had finished his work.
他在工作结束之后给我打了个电话。
(1)表示“过了多久后才……，动作进行到什么程度才……”
They worked long ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.
他们超负荷工作，几周之后，一切才恢复正常。
(2)表示“来不及；尚未……就……”。
Before I could say ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a word, she has rushed out of the room.不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。
(3)表示“不知不觉就……；还没弄清就……”。
Time passed quick ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly and the winter holidays had gone by before we knew it.
时间过得很快，我们还没觉察到寒假就过去了。
6．since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
(1)since从句的谓语动词一般是非持续性的，时态往往为一般过去时。
I have written home once since I came here.
自我到这儿以来，已写了一封信给家里。
【提示】 since从句的谓语动词如果是持续性的或是状态动词，意思为“自从某人不做某事以来……”。
John is now ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with his parents in New York. It is already three years since he was a teacher.约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai
你离开(没住在)上海多久了？
(2)在“It is＋时间＋since”从句中，时间的计算往往从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算。
It is three years since she was in our class.
她离开我们班有三年了。
It is three years since I smoked.
＝It is three years since I stopped smoking.
我不吸烟有三年了。
Ⅱ.省略句
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。按照语法分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句，这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。英语中常见的省略句有以下几种：
1．动词不定式中的省略
(1)有些动词，如：believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, find, think, feel, consider, imagine等后面作宾补的结构to be＋n./adj.中的to be可以省略。
I consider him (to be) lazy.我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.
他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
(2)感官动词see, hear, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) feel, watch, notice等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动语态时，to必须保留。
They made the boy go to bed early.
他们让这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early.
这个男孩被迫早睡。
(3)but作“除……之外”讲时，其前有实义动词do的形式，but后的不定式须省去to。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
(4)在并列结构中为了避免重复，可省去后面的不定式符号to。
It is impossible to laugh and (to) cry at the same time.同时又哭又笑是不可能的。
(5)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。
They may go if they wish to (go)．
如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.
直到我让你去，你才可以去。
(6)主语从句中有do的某种形式，后面不定式作表语，动词不定式标志to可以省略。
All we can do is (to) wait for another twenty minutes.
我们所能做的是再等20分钟。
2．简单句中的省略
(1)感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
What a hot day (it is)！多热的天啊！
(2)在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
(Will you)Have a smoke？你抽烟吗？
3．并列句中的省略
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语中的一部分相同，则省略谓语中相同的部分。
John must have be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.
约翰一定一直在踢球，而玛丽一定一直在做作业。
(2)主语相同，谓语也相同，则二者都可以省略。
His suggestion made John happy，but (his suggestion made)Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
(3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
Danny gave up smoki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old habit.
丹尼戒了一阵子烟，可很快又开始抽烟了。
4．复合句中的省略
(1)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。
(2)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )致或从句主语为it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：
①在as，before，till，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While(I was)waiting，I was reading some magazines.
我一边看杂志一边等。
②在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though (they were) tired，they went on working.
虽然(他们)累了，但他们继续工作。
③在if，unless(＝if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。
You shouldn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t come to his party unless (you are) invited.除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。
He did as(he was)told.他按要求去做了。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·湖南高考)You mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t learn to consult your feelings and your reason________you reach any decision.
A．although B．before
C．because D．unless
【解析】 考查状语从句。根据句意，在你做任何决定之前，你得学会顾及到你的感觉和你做此决定的原因，可知答案为B(在……之前)。
【答案】 B
2．(2012·安徽高考)Whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n ________ for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A．asking B．asked
C．having asked D．to be asked
【解析】 句意：当被问及他对教学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得教学很有趣，并且非常值得。ask与主语Philip之间为动宾关系，A和C可排除。本题为“连词＋分词”结构，实际上为状语从句的简化。to be asked为动词不定式的被动式，表示的是将来或尚未发生的动作，故D不合适。When asked...＝When he was asked...，故选B。
【答案】 B
3．(2013·浙江高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))There are some health problems that，when ________ in time，can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated
B．not being treated
C．not to be treated
D．not having been treated
【解析】 考查非谓语动词及状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句的省略。连词when之后为状语从句的省略，非谓语动词treat的逻辑主语即为主句主语health problems，判断它们之间的关系为被动关系，即用过去分词即可。而being done意为“正在被……”；to be done“将被……”。
【答案】 A
4．(2013·安徽高考)It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.
A．unless B．when
C．even though D．so that
【解析】 考查状语从句。句意；当你们兴趣相投时，(你们)交朋友更加容易。故选B。
【答案】 B
5．(2013·陕西高考)I ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve heard a lot of good things about you________I came back from abroad.
A．since B．until
C．before D．when
【解析】 从题干中的“have hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d”可知是“已经听说”，所以应该是“自从我回来”，因此要用since引导时间状语从句。题干的意思是：“自从我从国外回来，我听到了很多关于你的好消息。”
【答案】 A
6．(2013·江西高考)Wha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t a terrible experience! ________， you're safe now—that's the main thing.
A．Anyway B．Besides
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
【解析】 考查副词。此处考查表示上下连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接关系的副词。A项“不管怎样”；B项“而且”；C项“否则”；D项“因此”；根据句意：多么可怕的经历！________，主要的事情是，现在你是安全的。可知答案为A。
【答案】 A
7．—Shall we have our picnic tomorrow
—________ it doesn't rain.
A．Until B．While C．Once D．If
【解析】 句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——如果不下雨(我们明天就去野餐)。答语承前省略了主句。
【答案】 D
8．—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class
—________， but I promised Nancy to go out with her.
A．I'd like to B．I like it
C．I don't D．I will
【解析】 如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，再次出现的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。
【答案】 A
9．She won't come over for a visit unless ________.
A．being invited B．invited
C．inviting D．was invited
【解析】 句意：除非她被邀请，否则她不会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来拜访。unless invited是省略形式，补充完整应该是unless she is invited。
【答案】 B
10．“________，” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the girl said，“we'll have our wedding ceremony in space in the future.”
A．Possible B．If possible
C．If is possible D．If it possible
【解析】 句意：这个女孩 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说：“如果可能，在未来我们的婚礼仪式可以在太空举办。”If possible是If it is possible的省略形式。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.单句填空
1．Don't be afraid of asking for help ________ it is needed.
2．A good storyteller ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story.
3．Mary clapped her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hand over her mouth ________ she realized what she had said.
4．I thought she was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the very girl that I should marry ________ I met her.
5．—How long do you suppose it is ________ he left for Japan
—No more than half a month.
6．________ I could say a word，she had rushed out of the room.
7．________ you come here tomorrow，I will have finished the work.
8．Tom fell asleep ________ he was doing his homework.
9．________ years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.
10．________ he went to Beijing，he would call on his former teacher.
【答案】 1.when 2.un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )til/till 3.as soon as/immediately/directly/the instant/the minute/the moment 4.the first time 5.since 6.Before 7.By the time 8.while
9．As 10.Each time/Every time
Period ⅣReading Practice & Cultural Corner & Writing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法，提出合理的建议。
(5)说明文写作方式。
●教学地位
本课时课文是对美国音乐人的描述，是一篇人物介绍的说明文。说明文是高考常考的一种文体。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
我们生活离不开音乐，音乐更 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加丰富了生活的内涵，中外音乐史上有如此多做出卓越贡献的音乐人，让我们一起走入有代表性的中外音乐人的世界，更进一步体会音乐的魔力。
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P55课文，判断正误
1．Louis Armstrong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) developed the improvised jazz solo and died in New York City.( )
2．Woody Guthri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was a modern rock musician and was born in OKlahoma in 1912.( )
【答案】 1－2 T F
Ⅱ. 语篇理解
阅读P55课文，选择最佳答案
1．The most influential musician in the history of music is ________.
A．Robert Johnson
B．Louis Armstrong
C．Woody Guthrie
2．The following statements are true except ________.
A．Satche Mouth means one's mouth is very big.
B．John Hammond thought highly of Robert Johnson.
C．Woody Guthrie was elected President at last.
【答案】 1－2 B B
1．Pioneer n．先锋；创始人；先驱；开拓者
Born in New Orleans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，Louisiana in 1901，he began playing music at the age of 13 and was a pioneer of the improvised jazz solo.(P55)
他于1901年出生于新奥尔良的路易斯安那州，13岁时开始演奏音乐并成为即兴爵士乐独奏的创始人。
He was a pioneer of space rockets.
他是研究太空火箭的先驱。
归纳拓展
pioneer v．开拓，做先锋
the Young Pioneer少年先锋队，少先队
He pioneered the field of atomic energy.
他开拓了原子能源的领域。
They pioneered in space travel.
他们成为太空旅行的先驱。
Young ________ are fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und all over China.They all have the same motto：Be prepared.
A．RappersB．PioneersC．Consultants D．Migrants
【解析】 rapper意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“说唱乐歌手”；pioneer意为“先锋，开拓者”，Young Pioneers意为“少先队员”；consultant意为“顾问，咨询者”；migrant意为“移民，移居者”。句意为“全中国都能看到少先队员。他们都有一句相同的座右铭：时刻准备着”。
【答案】 B
2．make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象
...I wanted black musi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c to make an impression on white audiences and...(P55)
……我希望黑人音乐给白人听众留下印象……
He made a strong impression on me.
他给我留下了深刻的印象。
归纳拓展
make no impression on sb.对某人不起作用
be impressed by/with/at留下印象；受感动；欣赏
……给某人留下印象
I was very impressed by/with/at his performance.
他的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。
The girl impre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssed her friends with her sense of humour.这女孩的幽默感给她的朋友们留下深刻的印象。
—Why do you suggest visiting the mountain area
—Because I'm sure th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at ________ beauty of ________ nature there will make ________ strong impression on us.
A．the；the；a B．a；/；/
C．the；/；a D．the；/；/
【解析】 the beauty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of nature意为“自然界的美丽”，beauty是特指，故用定冠词the；nature是不可数名词，非特指，不需要冠词；make an impression upon/on为固定短语，意为“给……留下印象”。
【答案】 C
3．protest n．抗议，反对 v．抗议；断言
He is known a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a pioneer of protest music and influenced artists such as Bob Dylan.(P55)他被称为抗议音乐的先驱，并影响了像鲍勃·迪伦这样的艺术家。
The director resigned in protest at the decision.
主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。
归纳拓展
protest (against)．..反对，抗议
under protest无奈地；不服气地
Students took to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the street to protest(against) the decision.学生们走上街头，抗议这项决定。
She has always protested her innocence.
她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。
She wrote a letter of reply but only under protest.
她无奈之下写了一封回信。
The boss broug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht down the salary of the workers despite their loud and continuous ________.
A．protection B．oppose C．challenge D．protest
【解析】 考查单词辨义。protectio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n“保护”；oppose“反对”，只能用作动词；challenge“挑战”；protest可作“抗议”之意，故选D项。句意为“老板不顾工人们持续不断的大声抗议，还是降低了他们的薪水”。
【答案】 D
如何写论述学习习惯类的作文
这类文章属于议论文的范畴，要注意掌握议论文的一般结构：引言、正文、结论。
1．引言(Introduction)：由于英语作文受时间、字数的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题并阐明自己的观点。
2．正文(Main body)：正文是论证的过程，作者必须有足够的论据来论证自己的观点。
3．结论(Conclusion)：结论段可以用一两句来结束文章，同时要注意与引言段的呼应，但不能照搬前面的原文。
词汇是语言学习的基础，只有突 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )破了词汇这一关，英语学习才能进展顺利。然而在大家平时的学习中，普遍感到记忆单词是件很困难的事情。请你结合自己的实际情况就如何扩大词汇量，掌握好单词发表自己的观点和看法。
注意：1.词数：120左右；
2．文章必须包括所有要点，行文连贯，可适当增减。
[思路点拨]
1．本文属半开放作文。首先要针 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对词汇在语言学习中的重要性作简明扼要的陈述；其次要针对如何扩大词汇量及掌握好单词谈谈自己的观点和看法，这是文章中的重点。
2.文章人称采用第一人称，时态采用一般现在时。
[词汇热身]
1．是……的基础____________
2．拥有大的词汇量____________
3．对……注意____________
4．另外____________
【答案】 1.be the basis of 2.have a large vocabulary
3．pay attention to 4.in addition; besides
[句式温习]
1．没有足够的英语单词，我们在听、说、读、写方面会有很多困难。
Without enough Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish words，we ______________________ listening，speaking，reading and writing.
2．在我们的学习中，我们觉得扩大词汇量是困难的。
________ study，we find it difficult to enlarge our vocabulary.
3．此外，在过去我没太注意单词的学习，特别是单词的拼写，认为没有词汇测试。
Besides，in the pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st I didn't pay much attention to word study，especially to word spelling, ______________.
4．但是现在我开始意识到了单词的重要性。
But now ________________________.
【答案】 1.have much difficulty in
2．While we
3．thinking there is no word test
4．I come to know the importance of words
[连句成篇]
_______________________________________________
【参考范文】
Words are the basis o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the language，so without enough English words，we have much difficulty in listening，speaking，reading and writing.Having a large vocabulary is very important and necessary.
In our study，we f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind it difficult to enlarge our vocabulary，for we easily forget the words we have learned.Besides，in the past I didn't pay much attention to word study，especially to word spelling, thinking there is no word test.But now I come to know the importance of words.I will spend more time studying them.In addition，I will strengthen the intensive reading，studying the words in the contexts to improve my English.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ adj.有节奏的
2．________ n．运动
3．________ n．/v.衰退；下降；减少
4．________ v．触动；感动；使动心
5．________ v．(由……)引起(产生)
6．________ n．支票
7．________ adj.自负的，自视过高的
8．________ n．计划表，进度表，日程表
9．________ n．女发言人；女代言人
10．________ n．截止时间，最后期限
11．________ adv.否则，要不然
12．________n．养老金；退休金；抚恤金
13．________v．离开；辞去
14．________v．/n.抗议
15．________n．移民
【答案】 1.rhythmic 2.movement 3.decline 4.touch
5．arise 6.cheque 7. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vain 8.schedule 9.spokeswoman 10.deadline 11.otherwise 12.pension 13.quit
14．protest 15.migrant
B．词汇拓展
16．________n．融洽； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一致→________adj.和谐的，融洽的，一致的→________adv.和谐地，一致地→________v．和谐，一致
17．________n．顾问→________v．咨询；商量；向……请教
18．________v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等→________n．付出，奉献→________ adj. 专心的，忠诚的
19．________adj.令人耳 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )目一新的→__________v．使恢复精力→__________n．恢复活力，焕发精神→__________adj.令人耳目一新地
20．________adj.幽默的→________n．幽默
【答案】 16.harmo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny；harmonious；harmoniously；harmonize 17.consultant；consult 18.devote；devotion；devoted
19．refreshing；refresh；refreshment；refreshingly 20.humorous；humor
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________根据，按照
2．________________由……组成
3．________________厌烦
4．________________利用
5．________________而不是
6．________________有序地
7．________________根据某人的情况看来
8．________________尝试
9．________________有幸
10．________________出版
11．________________完全不
12．________________对……专一；专注
13．________________乞求，请求
14．________________是……的缩写
15．________________给某人留下印象
【答案】 1.according to 2.consist of 3.be bored with
4．take advantage of 5. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rather than 6.in order 7.in one's case 8.try out 9.be blessed with e out
11．far from 12.be d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )evoted to 13.beg for 14.be short for 15.make an impression on sb.
B．用上面词组的适当形式填空
16．She ________________ the children's absence to tidy their rooms.
17．The children ________________ eating the same kind of box lunch every day.
18．I would prefer to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pend the weekend at home ________________ drive all the way to the outside of the city.
19．His breakfast ________________ dry bread and a cup of tea.
20．The children went from door to door ________________ food.
21．She ________________ her career.
22．________________，we are prepared to be lenient(从宽的)．
【答案】 16.took advantage of 17.are bored with
18．rather than 19.c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onsists of 20.begging for 21.is devoted to 22.In your case
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.
【句式仿写】 他读信时她仔细地听着。
_______________________________________________
2．Later，they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches，using rhyming words，often words from African American culture.
【句式仿写】 他给我发了电子邮件，希望得到进一步的信息。
_______________________________________________
3．“The moment I hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd it”，he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
【句式仿写】 我一看见她，就把她认出来了。
_______________________________________________4．The first time that rap artists recorded their music，musicians recorded the backing tracks in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.
【句式仿写】 第一次见到她时，就觉得她人不错又诚实。
I thought her nice and honest ___________.
【答案】 1.She listened carefully while he read the letter.
2．He sent me an e mail，hoping to get further information.
3．The moment I saw her，I recognized her. 4.the first time I met her
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )
【美文阅读】
音乐是艺术，是生活的艺术。音乐是 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )表达，是对生命的表达。音乐是对现实生活的感悟和升华。美国音乐是世界艺术殿堂里的一朵奇葩，难道你不想了解它吗？
The music of th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e United States reflects the country's multi ethnic population through different kinds of styles.Among the country's most famous kinds are hip hop，blues，country，rhythm and blues，jazz，barbershop，pop，and rock and roll.The United States has the world's largest music industry and its music is heard around the world.Since the beginning of the 20th century，some forms of American popular music have gained a near global audience.
Native American ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s were the earliest inhabitants of the land that is today known as the United States and played its first music.Beginning in the 17th century，immigrants from the United Kingdom，Ireland，Spain，Germany and France began arriving in large numbers，
bringing with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) them new styles and instruments.African slaves brought musical traditions，and each subsequent(随后的) wave of immigrants contributed to a melting pot.Much of modern popular music can trace its roots to theemergence
(出现) in the late 19 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s.
Many Americ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an cities and towns have vibrant(充满生机的) music scenes which，in turn，support a number of regional musical styles.
【诱思导学】
1．What's the feature of America's music
_______________________________________________
2．What are the roots of much modern popular music
_______________________________________________
【答案】 1.Various styles and very popular in the world.
2．The emergence i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n the late 19th century of African American blues and the growth of gospel music in the 1920s.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是学生通过对学案所给出的内容的学习 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，为下一堂课对课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
通过本节的教学，让学生了解美国音乐的有关知识，培养学生的有关语言技能，并进一步了解中外音乐的相互影响和音乐在人们生活中的作用。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师在黑板上写下“musi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c”，要求学生说出各种音乐的英语名称：folk music，light music，jazz，rap，disco……。根据学生的已有关音乐的背景知识，自然导入本模块的Music born in America。
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读文章，然后完成下面表格
1.________：Hip hop
Introduction ●What：an American 2.________ movement.●When：started in the 1970s.●Where：block parties in New York.●Main 3.________：breakdance，graffiti art，DJ ing，rapping.
The big4．________：rap ●DJs made the percussion breaks 5.________.●DJs began speaking and shouting while the music was played.
6.________ forsuccess ●Hip hop was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 7.________ and easy.●People 8.________ the pop music of the day and hip hop 9.________ that.
How to recordthe songs ●First: record music and then 10.________.●Later：record vocals and music at the same time.
【答案】 1.Topic 2.cult ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ural 3.aspects 4.breakthrough 5.longer 6.Reasons 7.cheap 8.were bored with 9.took advantage of 10.add vocals
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P44－45的Reading and Vocabulary，从每题所给的3个选项中选择最佳答案
1．Why did DJs start repeating the percussion breaks in songs
A．Because the audience enjoyed dancing to this kind of music.
B．Because the audience enjoyed different kinds of music.
C．Because these were the best parts of the songs.
2．In the sentence “ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Hip hop took advantage of that and...”(Paragraph 2，Part 3) ，“that” refers to ________.
A．hip hop is cheap and easy
B．disco music had a strong beat，and it was easy to dance to
C．disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid 1970s
3．Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A．New York was once the center of hip hop.
B．Hip hop spread to all parts of the world in 1990s.
C．Hip hop was popular after the decline of disco and rock music.
4．Which one is not the main aspect of hip hop
A．MC ing B．Break dance C．Disco
5．Which country did hip hop not spread across
A．France B．China C．Belgium
【答案】 1－5 A B B C B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
Hip hop is an Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block 1.________ in New York，especially in a district called the Bronx.There are four main 2.________ of hip hop：breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop music－Dj ing and rapping.Rapping is also 3.________ as MC ing.There was the breakthrough.DJ Herc，one of the most popular Jamaican DJs at the time，noticed that New York 4.________ didn't really like reggae music，so he started playing other kinds of music，5.________ rock and disco music.They 6.________ with different vocal and rhythmic 7.________，using rhyming words.At the same time，people started 8.________ at block parties.Because it's 9.________ and easy and because people were bored with the pop music of the day，hip hop became 10.________.
【答案】 1.parties 2.asp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ects 3.known 4.audience 5.including 6.experimented 7.approaches 8.breakdancing 9.cheap 10.successful
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．movement A．to come out of a dark，enclosed on hidden place
2．technique B．an act of moving the body or part of the body
3．decline C．a particular way of doing sth.
4．emerge D．a co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntinuous decrease in the number，value，quality，etc.of sth.
【答案】 1.B 2.C 3.D 4.A
Ⅱ.短语填空
make up；consist of； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )side by side；on the decline；emerge from；rather than；take advantage of
1．The sun ____________ behind the clouds.
2．Don't ________ the weakness of others.
3．They were walking ________ in the street.
4．One hundred years ________ a century.
5．How many chapters does the book ________？
6．He，________ you，is to blame.
【答案】 1.emerged ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )from 2.take advantage of 3.side by side 4.makes up 5.consist of 6.rather than
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．“The moment I hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
“我一听”，他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐”。
2．Hip hop took advant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco!
嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐。
3．Songs that are spoken rather than sung are called rap.
说唱歌曲是说的而不是唱出来的。
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次地理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确运用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
教师用Hip hop乐曲导入新课，然后激发学生了解更多的相关hip hop的音乐知识，从而进入本课的学习。
●教学流程设计
1．make up创作；编造；构成；占；组成；弥补；补足；化妆
Making it up as you play(P43)．演奏时即兴创作。
Please make up two sentences of your own.
请你们自己造两个句子。
归纳拓展
be made in在……制造
be made up of由……构成
make up for弥补……
The company is made up of four divisions.
该公司由四个部门组成。
Nothing can make up for the loss of a child.
失去任何一个孩子是任何东西都无法弥补的。
The words ________ the group of people are not true.
A．made up of B．made up for
C．made up by D．made up
【解析】 句意：那伙人编造的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )话是不属实的。made up by the group of people为过去分词短语作定语，修饰the words相当于which are made up by...，其中make up意为“编造”。
【答案】 C
2．consist of包含，包括，由……组成
The words of early ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Blues songs often consisted of a single line repeated two or three times before changing.(P43)早期布鲁斯的歌曲通常包含一句要反复唱两三遍才换的歌词。
A week consists of seven days.一星期由七天组成。
Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen.
水由氢和氧组成。
【提示】 consist of不用于进 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )行时，也不用于被动形式。它的同义短语be made up of和be composed of均用被动形式。
归纳拓展
consist in存在于；在于
consist with与……一致
句型转换
Our committee consists of ten members.
→Our committee__________ten members.
【答案】 is composed of/is made up of
3．movement n．运动；活动；动作
Hip hop is an Americ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )an cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York，especially in a district called the Bronx.(P44)
嬉蹦乐是一场美国文化运动，始于20世纪70年代纽约的街道舞会，特别是布朗克斯区。
A movement to protect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )non smokers' right to health is going on in the country.
一场保护不抽烟者健康权利的运动正在国内进行。
movement/motion/campaign
movement 一般指具体动作或政治运动。
motion 主要指抽象的或科学上所讲的运动、与静止相对。
campaign 尤指政治性运动或商业性的宣传活动。
They have launched an advertising campaign.
他们发起了广告宣传活动。
He lost the power of motion.他失去了运动的能力。
After China launch ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed a ________ to popularize Chinese，lots of Confucius colleges have appeared in foreign universities.
A．campaign B．movement
C．measure D．struggle
【解析】 movement和campa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ign都可当“运动”讲，movement一般指具体动作或政治运动，campaign的本义是“战役”，引申为轰轰烈烈的“积极宣传”或有战斗性的运动，其目的比movement明确单纯，轰动性较大。推广汉语是一项比较单纯的影响较大的活动，故选A项。句意：中国推广汉语的运动以后，国外大学里出现了许多孔子学院。
【答案】 A
4．side by side并排；并肩
The percussion break ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s were usually short，but Herc and other DJs made them longer by using two records on two turntables，side by side.(P44)这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。
We stand side by side with you in this dispute.
在这场辩论中我们与你们相互支持。
归纳拓展
该短语中的介词by表示“逐一，连续 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )”，常用于连接两个不带冠词的名词。 类似的短语有：little by little一点一点地；day by day日复一日地；year by year年复一年地；one by one一个一个地；bit by bit一点一点地；drop by drop一滴一滴地；house by house挨家挨户地；step by step一步一步地
—Did you see we tw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o stood ________ to sing the song together on the stage
—Yes.And you two performed very well.
A．side by side B．face in face
C．shoulder on shoulder D．drop by drop
【解析】 side by side意为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )“肩并肩地”；face in face和shoulder on shoulder不存在；drop by drop意为“一滴一滴地”。句意：——你看到我们两个肩并肩地站在舞台上一起唱歌了吗？——是的。你们两个表现得很棒！
【答案】 A
5．approach n．方法；步骤；临近v.靠近，接近
Later，they exp ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )erimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches，using rhyming words，often words from African American culture.(P45)
后来，他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法，使用的押韵词汇经常是来自非裔美洲人的文化。
He has alread ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y thought of a new approach to the difficulty.他已经想出了一个解决困难的新办法。
There is no easy approach to math.
在(学)数学方面，没有容易的方法。
We heard the sound of an approaching car.
我们听见一辆车驶近的声音。
approach/way/method/means
approach 学习或研究问题的方法。常构成approach to＋n./doing结构。
way 指单一技巧或整套操作过程，对于方法或操作过程本身是好是坏，不作任何的评价。常构成way＋to do/of doing结构，前面接in。
method 多表示抽象的理论方法，而且强调以效率和准确性为目的。常构成method＋of结构，前面接with。
means 手段；方法；工具。常构成短语by means of。
用approach/way/method/means的适当形式填空
①Our teacher is showing us a new ________ of writing.
②There is no doubt th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at radio and television are important ________ of communication.
③Some women like the older ________ of doing things.
④He was warned of the ________ of the enemy.
⑤The school has decided to adopt a different ________ to discipline.
【答案】 ①method ②means ③ways ④approach
⑤approach
6．Secondly，people were ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) bored with the pop music of the day－disco music and rock music were both in decline in the mid 1970s.(P45)其次人们厌倦了当时的流行音乐——20世纪70年代中期迪斯科和摇滚乐都在走下坡路。
(1)be/get bored with厌烦
I was bored with the work not equal to my abilities.
我对于那些跟自己能力不相称的工作感到厌倦。
He is often late. His boss is bored with his excuses.
他老是迟到，老板对他的借口都感到厌倦了。
归纳拓展
bore sb.with sth.用某事烦扰某人
bore sb.to death/tears令某人极度厌烦
be tired of对……厌烦
用适当的介词填空
①I'm bored ________ the subject anyway.
②The students are tired ________ their teacher's lecture.
【答案】 ①with ②of
(2)decline n．/v.衰退；下降；减少；谢绝(邀请等)
His interest in computer games is now in decline.
他对电脑游戏的兴趣开始减退。
His health began to decline.他的健康开始衰退。
归纳拓展
fall into (a) decline开始衰退
be in decline处于下降；衰退中
on the decline在衰退(减少)
decline by下降了……
decline in...在……方面逐渐衰弱
decline to do sth.拒绝做某事
on the decrease在减少
on the increase在增加
There has been a grad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ual decline in the population of the town.该镇的人口在逐渐减少。
The number of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tourists to the resort was in decline last year.去年，这个旅游胜地的游客数量在下降。
He declined to answer my questions.
他拒绝回答我的问题。
完成句子
③The output of g ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rain this year there might be ____________(下降) because of the serious drought.
④Having been asked to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a party, I can not help ____________(谢绝出席) your birthday party.
【答案】 ③in decline ④declining to attend
7．take advantage of利用
Hip hop took advant ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )age of that and provided a kind of disco music for people who hated disco！(P45)
嬉蹦乐利用了这一点，为那些不喜欢迪斯科的人们提供了别样的迪斯科音乐！
He takes advantage of her kindness and borrows her bike too much.
她太好说话，所以他总是以此借用她的自行车。
归纳拓展
have the advantage of有……的有利条件
have/gain/win/get an advantage over
胜过；优于；比……处于有利地位
be to sb.'s advantage＝give sb.an advantage
对某人有利
完成句子
①They ________________(充分利用) the hotel's facilities.
②He ____________(胜过) other boys for he had very good preschool education.
③It would be ________________(对你有利) to attend this meeting.
【答案】 ①take full advantage of ②had advantage over ③to your advantage
8．emerge vi.出现
In England，a new ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) music form emerged，called trip hop，a mixture of jazz，hip hop and electronic music.(P45)
在英国，一种被称之为迷幻舞曲的新音乐形式出现了，它融合了爵士乐、嬉蹦乐和电子音乐。
The swimmer emerged from the lake.
游泳者从湖水中浮现出来。
It emerged that he had deserted his family.
他遗弃家人的事实暴露了。
归纳拓展
emerge from(＝appear，become known)出现，暴露(问题、意见等)；
It emerges that...暴露，出现
Surfing the Interne ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t is a new way to relax oneself that ________ in the late 1990s.
A．occurred to B．broke out
C．emerged D．existed
【解析】 occur to后接宾语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )；break out意为“爆发，突然发生”；emerge意为“出现，暴露”，为不及物动词；exist意为“存在，生存”，表示状态，结合句意和选项可知C项符合题意。句意：网上冲浪是20世纪90年代末出现的一种新的休闲方式。
【答案】 C
9．rather than而不是
Songs that are spo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ken rather than sung are called rap.(P46)一种用来说而不是唱的音乐叫做说唱乐。
I think I'll have a cold drink rather than coffee.
我想喝冷饮，不想喝咖啡。
She is charming rather than beautiful.
与其说她美倒不如说她迷人。
归纳拓展
other than除了
more than超过；不仅仅
would rather do...than do.../would do...rather than do...与其做……不如做……
prefer to do...rather than do...
宁愿做……而不愿做……
Rather than allow ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the vegetables to go bad, he sold them at half price.
他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。
【提示】 ①rather than连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致。
②rather than前后连接的词性通常是一致的。
③rather than后接不定式时，不定式可以带to，也可以不带to。但rather than位于句首时，则只能接不带to的不定式。
Most people ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )would agree that nuclear science should be developed to benefit the human being ________ harm them.
A．more than B．rather than
C．other than D．better than
【解析】 rather than而 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )不是；more than多于；other than除了；better than比……好。根据句意可知B项正确。
【答案】 B
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够掌握运用状语从句和省略。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
1．touch v．感动；触动；使动心；触摸
The song that touched my heart(P48)
触动我心的歌曲
I was touched beyond words.我感动得无法形容。
Through the rain，nothing could touch my heart.
在雨中，没有什么能使我心动。
归纳拓展
get in touch with与……取得联系
be in touch with与……有联系
keep in touch with与……保持联系
lose touch with与……失去联系
be out of touch with同……没有联系
完成句子
①I am trying ____________________(和她取得联系)．
Do you have her number
②I ________________________(没有联系)with Tom since we parted.
【答案】 ①to get in touch with her ②have been out of touch
2．in order有序地
But if I'm listen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing to loud music or rap or rock, my handwriting starts getting very bad and my thoughts don't stay in order.(P52)但是，如果我听太吵的音乐、说唱乐或摇滚，我的书写就开始变糟，并且思维开始乱套。
He was as busy as a bee trying to put the house in order.
他为了要把家里弄得整齐有序而像一只蜜蜂一样忙碌。
归纳拓展
out of order次序紊乱；不正常
in good/bad order井然有序/乱七八糟
in...order/in order of以……的顺序
put...in order把……按顺序排列
Please line up in order of height.请按高矮个排队。
—I wonder if I could use your telephone.
—________.
A．I wonder how B．I don't wonder
C．Sorry, it's out of order D．No wonder, here it is
【解析】 句意：——我想知道我能否用用你的电话。——抱歉，电话坏了。out of order坏了，出故障了。其他选项不符合语境意义。
【答案】 C
3．try out尝试；试验
The teacher told ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us that she would try out the theory and play us some classical music before the next test and see if we get better test scores！(P52)
老师告诉我们她将验证这个理论，在下次测试之前给我们播放一些古典音乐，看看我们能否得到更高的分数！
They are trying out a new presenter for the show.
他们正在为这个节目试用一位新的主持人。
He tried out a new idea.
他试验了一个新设想。
归纳拓展
try for谋求；争取
try on试穿
try one's best to do sth.竭尽全力做某事
try one's luck(at)碰碰运气
The engineers tri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed ________ many kinds of cars before they decided to produce one.
A．for B．on
C．out D．at
【解析】 try for争 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )取，试图赢得；try on试穿；try out尝试，试验；try不与at搭配。句意：工程师们在决定生产一款汽车之前要试验许多种类型的汽车。
【答案】 C
4．arise vi.(由……)引起(产生)
From a region o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f seven million people has arisen some of the greatest pop music in the world.(P53)在一个有700万人口的地区兴起了一种世上最伟大的流行音乐。
Tom thought it would be easy，but a lot of problems have arisen.
汤姆认为会很容易，但是出现了很多问题。
归纳拓展
arise from/out of...由……而引起
result from由……而引起
Emotional or mental p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )roblems can arise from a physical cause.身体上的原因可以引起情绪或精神上的问题。
rise/raise/arise/arouse
原 形 过去式 过去分词
rise(vi.升起，起身，增长，上升) rose risen
raise(vt.举起，抚养，提高，饲养) raised raised
arise(vi.出现，发生，起因于) arose arisen
arouse(vt.唤醒，唤起，激起) aroused aroused
用上述单词的正确形式填空
①He ________ and walked to the window.
②He ________ his hat to me as a sign of respect.
③The birds also attack crops when the opportunity ________.
④The people's living standard has greatly been ________.
⑤Her temperature is still ________.
⑥The lecture ________ my interest.
【答案】 ①arose/rose ②raised ③arises ④raised ⑤rising ⑥aroused
5．otherwise adv. & conj.否则，要不然
Otherwise，he will ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )soon be abandoned by his company and his fans.(P53)不然他很快就会被公司和歌迷遗弃。
I need your ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )answer by six o'clock tonight－otherwise we'll leave you out of it！我必须在今晚六点前得到你的答复，否则我们就把你排除在外！
Seize the chance，otherwise you'll regret it.
抓住这个机会，否则你会后悔的。
归纳拓展
otherwise adv.在其他方面，不同地，用别的方法
and otherwise等等，其他
or otherwise或相反，或其他情况
but otherwise但在别的方面却
Over 7,000 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riders on New York City subways were fined for putting feet on the seats or otherwise taking up too much space.
有超过七千名乘客在乘坐纽约地铁时因为将脚跷在座位上，或者用别的方法占据了过多空间而遭到罚款。
She is not very clever，but otherwise she's a nice girl.
她并不聪明，但在其他方面，她倒是个好姑娘。
Queen Elizabeth Ⅱ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is often thought to be the richest woman in the world.________，her personal wealth seems rather small.
A．Besides B．OtherwiseC．However D．Altogether
【解析】 考查副词。句意：人们经常认为 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )伊丽莎白女王二世是世界上最富有的女人，可是她的个人财富似乎很少。A项作为副词意思是“此外；而且”；B项意为“否则，不然的话”；C项意为“然而，可是”；D项意为“总共”。
【答案】 C
6．far from完全不；离……远
It's far from being a part time job.(P53)
这可远远不是一项业余工作。
The problem is far from easy.这问题绝不容易。
Our school is far from the station.
我们学校离车站很远。
归纳拓展
as/so far as远到；至于；就……而言
as far as I'm concerned就我而言
so far到目前为止
far from it完全相反，绝非，远非如此
We'll go by train a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s far as London，and then take a coach. 我们将乘火车到伦敦，然后换乘长途汽车。
As far as I am concerned，sports are good for you.
就我来说，体育运动对你有好处。
—You are not angry then？——那么你不生气？
—Far from it.I have never laughed so much in my life.
——非但没有生气，我一生中还没有这样笑过呢。
So far we have done ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot to build a low carbon economy，but it is ________ ideal.We have to work still harder.
A．next to B．far from
C．out of D．due to
【解析】 句意：迄今为止我们为建立低碳经济已 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )经做了许多，但是远不理想。我们必须更加努力。far from远非，一点也不；next to仅次于；out of离开，出于，一般与名词、代词连用；due to由于。
【答案】 B
7．devote v．为……付出 时间/努力/金钱等
The fans are devoted to their stars.(P53)
歌迷们对他们喜爱的明星非常忠实。
归纳拓展
devote...to...把……投入到……，专心致力于……
be devoted to献身于，专心致力于
He started to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )study Ecology and decided to devote his whole life to the science.他开始研究生态学，并决心将他的一生献身于这门学科。
After he has reti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )red，he will devote himself to gardening.他退休后将把精力花在园艺上。
【教师备课资源】
“专心致力于”集结号：
be abandoned to
be absorbed in
be buried in
be applied to
be lost in
focus on
When he was young he used to ________ hard at his lessons.
A．devote to working
B．devote himself to work
C．be devoted to work
D．be devoted to working
【解析】 句意：他年轻时，常常专心刻苦学习功课。be devoted to(doing) sth.专心致力于，与语境相符。
【答案】 D
观察下列句子，并体会画线部分的用法。
①Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.
②“The moment I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) heard it，”he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
③The first time that r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ap artists recorded their music，musicians recorded the backing tracks in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.
④...but by the time I got there，they had gone.
⑤The next time I hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the song，I was in the cinema，waiting for the film to start.
⑥The last time I heard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it，I was in the cinema and I couldn't find out what it was.
⑦Heard this song
⑧—Who gave you that CD？—Dad.
⑨I lent it to someone but I can't remember who.
⑩She said she'd call me but she hasn't.
[自我总结]
上述句子中，①－⑥为____________，⑦－⑩为________。
【答案】 时间状语从句 省略句
时间状语从句和省略句
Ⅰ.时间状语从句
一、时间状语从句的定义
时间状语从句在句中起状语作用，表示时间。时间状语从句表示将来时间时，其谓语动词通常用现在时态。
二、引导时间状语从句的连词
when, while, as ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), after, before, once, since, till, until, whenever等。另外表示时间的名词词组及部分副词the minute, the moment, the instant, the day, the week, the year, the first time, any time, next time, every time, each time, the last time, all the time, from the time, by the time, immediately, instantly, directly等也可以引导时间状语从句。
三、时间状语从句的用法
1．when, while, as引导的时间状语从句
(1)when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while, as只能和延续性动词连用。
Sorry, I was out when you called me.
对不起，你打电话时我刚好外出了。
Strike while the iron is hot.趁热打铁。
The students took notes as they listened.
学生们边听课边做笔记。
(2)when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生。
When he had finished h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is homework, he took a short rest.完成作业后，他休息了一会儿。(finished先发生)
When I got to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the airport, the guests had left.当我赶到飞机场时，客人们已经离开了。(got to后发生)
(3)主句动作发生在从句动作的过程中，when, while, as都可使用。
When/While/As we were dancing, a stranger came in.当我们在跳舞时，一位陌生人走了进来。
(4)从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动词作为延续性动词时，when, while, as都可使用。
When/While/As ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter.她在打电话时，我在写信。
(5)当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用as。这时，as常表示“随着”；“一边……，一边……”之意。
2．the moment/minute/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )second/instant, as soon as, immediately, directly, once, no sooner... than, hardly... when引导的时间状语从句，表示“一……就……”。
He came to the sc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ene the moment he heard of the accident.他一听说这起事故就赶到了现场。
She got everything ready as soon as she got to school.她一到学校就把一切都准备好了。
I came directly I got your message.
我一得到你的消息就来了。
Once you lose confidence, you won't be able to do the work well.
你一旦失去信心，就不可能把工作做好。
Jack had no sooner seen me when he left the classroom.
＝No sooner had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.
＝Jack had hardly seen me when he left the classroom.
＝Hardly had Jack seen me when he left the classroom.
杰克一看见我就离开了教室。
3．next time, last time, the first time, every/each time等词引导的时间状语从句。
Next time you come, you will see him.
下次你来时，你就会见到他。
Every time I traveled by boat, I got seasick.
每次我乘船旅行都会晕船。
4．until引导的时间状语从句
until从句或短语与肯定的主句连用时，主句的谓语动词是延续性的；若与否定句连用时，主句的谓语动词是暂时性的。
The students made ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) much noise until the teacher came into the classroom.
直到老师走进教室学生们才停止了大声喧哗。
We all insist ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that we should not rest until we finish the work.我们都坚决要求不完工不休息。
【提示】 “not until. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )..”位于句首时，主句须用倒装语序，即助动词或系动词放在主语的前面。若没有助动词，则必须加上do/does/did。
Not until his bike ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) looked almost new did he stop cleaning it.直到他的自行车看起来几乎像新的一样，他才停止擦洗。
5．before和after引导的时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间状语从句，before强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，而after强调主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。
He had been a cook before he went to college.
他上大学前曾当过厨师。
He called me after he had finished his work.
他在工作结束之后给我打了个电话。
(1)表示“过了多久后才……，动作进行到什么程度才……”
They worked long ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hours for several weeks before everything returned to normal.
他们超负荷工作，几周之后，一切才恢复正常。
(2)表示“来不及；尚未……就……”。
Before I could say ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a word, she has rushed out of the room.不等我说一句话，她就冲出了房间。
(3)表示“不知不觉就……；还没弄清就……”。
Time passed quick ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly and the winter holidays had gone by before we knew it.
时间过得很快，我们还没觉察到寒假就过去了。
6．since引导的时间状语从句，译为“自从……”，主句常用现在完成时，从句常用一般过去时。
(1)since从句的谓语动词一般是非持续性的，时态往往为一般过去时。
I have written home once since I came here.
自我到这儿以来，已写了一封信给家里。
【提示】 since从句的谓语动词如果是持续性的或是状态动词，意思为“自从某人不做某事以来……”。
John is now ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with his parents in New York. It is already three years since he was a teacher.约翰现在和父母一起住在纽约，他不当教师已经三年了。
How long is it since you lived in Shanghai
你离开(没住在)上海多久了？
(2)在“It is＋时间＋since”从句中，时间的计算往往从since从句的动作完成或状态结束时算。
It is three years since she was in our class.
她离开我们班有三年了。
It is three years since I smoked.
＝It is three years since I stopped smoking.
我不吸烟有三年了。
Ⅱ.省略句
省略句是英语的一种习惯用法 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。按照语法分析，句子应该具备的成分，有时出于修辞上的需要，在句中并不出现，这种句子叫做省略句，这种语法现象称为“省略”。其特点是：虽然省去句子语法构造所需要的组成部分，但仍能表达其完整的意义。英语中常见的省略句有以下几种：
1．动词不定式中的省略
(1)有些动词，如：believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e, find, think, feel, consider, imagine等后面作宾补的结构to be＋n./adj.中的to be可以省略。
I consider him (to be) lazy.我认为他懒。
His mother found him (to be) a clever boy.
他母亲发觉他是一个很聪明的孩子。
(2)感官动词see, hear, ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) feel, watch, notice等以及使役动词let, make, have后作宾补的动词不定式中的不定式符号to要省略，但变为被动语态时，to必须保留。
They made the boy go to bed early.
他们让这个男孩早睡。
The boy was made to go to bed early.
这个男孩被迫早睡。
(3)but作“除……之外”讲时，其前有实义动词do的形式，but后的不定式须省去to。
We have nothing to do now but wait.
我们现在除了等没有别的事可做。
He has no choice but to accept the fact.
除了接受这个事实他别无选择。
(4)在并列结构中为了避免重复，可省去后面的不定式符号to。
It is impossible to laugh and (to) cry at the same time.同时又哭又笑是不可能的。
(5)动词不定式中动词原形部分是否省 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )略，主要看句子前面是否已出现过同样的动词。如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，句子后面的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。
They may go if they wish to (go)．
如果他们想去，他们就可以去。
Don't go till I tell you to.
直到我让你去，你才可以去。
(6)主语从句中有do的某种形式，后面不定式作表语，动词不定式标志to可以省略。
All we can do is (to) wait for another twenty minutes.
我们所能做的是再等20分钟。
2．简单句中的省略
(1)感叹句中常省略主语和谓语。
What a hot day (it is)！多热的天啊！
(2)在一些口语中可以省略某些句子成分。
(Will you)Have a smoke？你抽烟吗？
3．并列句中的省略
(1)如果主语不同，而谓语中的一部分相同，则省略谓语中相同的部分。
John must have be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )en playing football and Mary(must have been)doing her homework.
约翰一定一直在踢球，而玛丽一定一直在做作业。
(2)主语相同，谓语也相同，则二者都可以省略。
His suggestion made John happy，but (his suggestion made)Mary angry.
他的建议使约翰高兴，却使玛丽很生气。
(3)主语相同，而谓语不同，则可以省略主语。
Danny gave up smoki ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng for a while，but (he) soon returned to his old habit.
丹尼戒了一阵子烟，可很快又开始抽烟了。
4．复合句中的省略
(1)宾语从句中的省略
在宾语从句中常省略连词that，但当及物动词之后跟两个或两个以上的宾语从句时，只有第一个连词that可以省略。
(2)状语从句中的省略
当状语从句中的主语和主句的主语一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )致或从句主语为it，并且从句谓语中有be动词时，常可以省略从句中的主语和be动词。此类状语从句中的省略有如下情况：
①在as，before，till，when，while等引导的时间状语从句中。
While(I was)waiting，I was reading some magazines.
我一边看杂志一边等。
②在though，although等引导的让步状语从句中。
Though (they were) tired，they went on working.
虽然(他们)累了，但他们继续工作。
③在if，unless(＝if... not)等引导的条件状语从句中。
You shouldn' ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t come to his party unless (you are) invited.除非你被邀请，否则你不应该来参加他的晚会。
④在as，as if，as though等引导的方式状语从句中。
He did as(he was)told.他按要求去做了。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·湖南高考)You mus ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t learn to consult your feelings and your reason________you reach any decision.
A．although B．before
C．because D．unless
【解析】 考查状语从句。根据句意，在你做任何决定之前，你得学会顾及到你的感觉和你做此决定的原因，可知答案为B(在……之前)。
【答案】 B
2．(2012·安徽高考)Whe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n ________ for his views about his teaching job，Philip said he found it very interesting and rewarding.
A．asking B．asked
C．having asked D．to be asked
【解析】 句意：当被问及他对教学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )工作的看法时，菲利普说他觉得教学很有趣，并且非常值得。ask与主语Philip之间为动宾关系，A和C可排除。本题为“连词＋分词”结构，实际上为状语从句的简化。to be asked为动词不定式的被动式，表示的是将来或尚未发生的动作，故D不合适。When asked...＝When he was asked...，故选B。
【答案】 B
3．(2013·浙江高考 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))There are some health problems that，when ________ in time，can become bigger ones later on.
A．not treated
B．not being treated
C．not to be treated
D．not having been treated
【解析】 考查非谓语动词及状语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )从句的省略。连词when之后为状语从句的省略，非谓语动词treat的逻辑主语即为主句主语health problems，判断它们之间的关系为被动关系，即用过去分词即可。而being done意为“正在被……”；to be done“将被……”。
【答案】 A
4．(2013·安徽高考)It ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'s much easier to make friends ________ you have similar interests.
A．unless B．when
C．even though D．so that
【解析】 考查状语从句。句意；当你们兴趣相投时，(你们)交朋友更加容易。故选B。
【答案】 B
5．(2013·陕西高考)I ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve heard a lot of good things about you________I came back from abroad.
A．since B．until
C．before D．when
【解析】 从题干中的“have hear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d”可知是“已经听说”，所以应该是“自从我回来”，因此要用since引导时间状语从句。题干的意思是：“自从我从国外回来，我听到了很多关于你的好消息。”
【答案】 A
6．(2013·江西高考)Wha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t a terrible experience! ________， you're safe now—that's the main thing.
A．Anyway B．Besides
C．Otherwise D．Therefore
【解析】 考查副词。此处考查表示上下连 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )接关系的副词。A项“不管怎样”；B项“而且”；C项“否则”；D项“因此”；根据句意：多么可怕的经历！________，主要的事情是，现在你是安全的。可知答案为A。
【答案】 A
7．—Shall we have our picnic tomorrow
—________ it doesn't rain.
A．Until B．While C．Once D．If
【解析】 句意：——我们明天去野餐好吗？——如果不下雨(我们明天就去野餐)。答语承前省略了主句。
【答案】 D
8．—Would you like to join me for a quick lunch before class
—________， but I promised Nancy to go out with her.
A．I'd like to B．I like it
C．I don't D．I will
【解析】 如果句子前面出现过同样的动词，为了避免重复，再次出现的不定式常省略动词原形，而保留不定式符号to。
【答案】 A
9．She won't come over for a visit unless ________.
A．being invited B．invited
C．inviting D．was invited
【解析】 句意：除非她被邀请，否则她不会 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )来拜访。unless invited是省略形式，补充完整应该是unless she is invited。
【答案】 B
10．“________，” ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the girl said，“we'll have our wedding ceremony in space in the future.”
A．Possible B．If possible
C．If is possible D．If it possible
【解析】 句意：这个女孩 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )说：“如果可能，在未来我们的婚礼仪式可以在太空举办。”If possible是If it is possible的省略形式。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.单句填空
1．Don't be afraid of asking for help ________ it is needed.
2．A good storyteller ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) must be able to hold his listeners' curiosity ________ he reaches the end of the story.
3．Mary clapped her ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hand over her mouth ________ she realized what she had said.
4．I thought she was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the very girl that I should marry ________ I met her.
5．—How long do you suppose it is ________ he left for Japan
—No more than half a month.
6．________ I could say a word，she had rushed out of the room.
7．________ you come here tomorrow，I will have finished the work.
8．Tom fell asleep ________ he was doing his homework.
9．________ years go by，China is getting stronger and richer.
10．________ he went to Beijing，he would call on his former teacher.
【答案】 1.when 2.un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )til/till 3.as soon as/immediately/directly/the instant/the minute/the moment 4.the first time 5.since 6.Before 7.By the time 8.while
9．As 10.Each time/Every time
Period ⅣReading Practice & Cultural Corner & Writing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法，提出合理的建议。
(5)说明文写作方式。
●教学地位
本课时课文是对美国音乐人的描述，是一篇人物介绍的说明文。说明文是高考常考的一种文体。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
我们生活离不开音乐，音乐更 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )加丰富了生活的内涵，中外音乐史上有如此多做出卓越贡献的音乐人，让我们一起走入有代表性的中外音乐人的世界，更进一步体会音乐的魔力。
●教学流程设计
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P55课文，判断正误
1．Louis Armstrong ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) developed the improvised jazz solo and died in New York City.( )
2．Woody Guthri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e was a modern rock musician and was born in OKlahoma in 1912.( )
【答案】 1－2 T F
Ⅱ. 语篇理解
阅读P55课文，选择最佳答案
1．The most influential musician in the history of music is ________.
A．Robert Johnson
B．Louis Armstrong
C．Woody Guthrie
2．The following statements are true except ________.
A．Satche Mouth means one's mouth is very big.
B．John Hammond thought highly of Robert Johnson.
C．Woody Guthrie was elected President at last.
【答案】 1－2 B B
1．Pioneer n．先锋；创始人；先驱；开拓者
Born in New Orleans ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，Louisiana in 1901，he began playing music at the age of 13 and was a pioneer of the improvised jazz solo.(P55)
他于1901年出生于新奥尔良的路易斯安那州，13岁时开始演奏音乐并成为即兴爵士乐独奏的创始人。
He was a pioneer of space rockets.
他是研究太空火箭的先驱。
归纳拓展
pioneer v．开拓，做先锋
the Young Pioneer少年先锋队，少先队
He pioneered the field of atomic energy.
他开拓了原子能源的领域。
They pioneered in space travel.
他们成为太空旅行的先驱。
Young ________ are fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )und all over China.They all have the same motto：Be prepared.
A．RappersB．PioneersC．Consultants D．Migrants
【解析】 rapper意 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )为“说唱乐歌手”；pioneer意为“先锋，开拓者”，Young Pioneers意为“少先队员”；consultant意为“顾问，咨询者”；migrant意为“移民，移居者”。句意为“全中国都能看到少先队员。他们都有一句相同的座右铭：时刻准备着”。
【答案】 B
2．make an impression on sb.给某人留下印象
...I wanted black musi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )c to make an impression on white audiences and...(P55)
……我希望黑人音乐给白人听众留下印象……
He made a strong impression on me.
他给我留下了深刻的印象。
归纳拓展
make no impression on sb.对某人不起作用
be impressed by/with/at留下印象；受感动；欣赏
……给某人留下印象
I was very impressed by/with/at his performance.
他的表演给我留下了深刻的印象。
The girl impre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssed her friends with her sense of humour.这女孩的幽默感给她的朋友们留下深刻的印象。
—Why do you suggest visiting the mountain area
—Because I'm sure th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at ________ beauty of ________ nature there will make ________ strong impression on us.
A．the；the；a B．a；/；/
C．the；/；a D．the；/；/
【解析】 the beauty ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of nature意为“自然界的美丽”，beauty是特指，故用定冠词the；nature是不可数名词，非特指，不需要冠词；make an impression upon/on为固定短语，意为“给……留下印象”。
【答案】 C
3．protest n．抗议，反对 v．抗议；断言
He is known a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s a pioneer of protest music and influenced artists such as Bob Dylan.(P55)他被称为抗议音乐的先驱，并影响了像鲍勃·迪伦这样的艺术家。
The director resigned in protest at the decision.
主任辞职以示抗议这项决定。
归纳拓展
protest (against)．..反对，抗议
under protest无奈地；不服气地
Students took to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the street to protest(against) the decision.学生们走上街头，抗议这项决定。
She has always protested her innocence.
她一直坚持说自己是无辜的。
She wrote a letter of reply but only under protest.
她无奈之下写了一封回信。
The boss broug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ht down the salary of the workers despite their loud and continuous ________.
A．protection B．oppose C．challenge D．protest
【解析】 考查单词辨义。protectio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n“保护”；oppose“反对”，只能用作动词；challenge“挑战”；protest可作“抗议”之意，故选D项。句意为“老板不顾工人们持续不断的大声抗议，还是降低了他们的薪水”。
【答案】 D
如何写论述学习习惯类的作文
这类文章属于议论文的范畴，要注意掌握议论文的一般结构：引言、正文、结论。
1．引言(Introduction)：由于英语作文受时间、字数的限制，因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题并阐明自己的观点。
2．正文(Main body)：正文是论证的过程，作者必须有足够的论据来论证自己的观点。
3．结论(Conclusion)：结论段可以用一两句来结束文章，同时要注意与引言段的呼应，但不能照搬前面的原文。
词汇是语言学习的基础，只有突 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )破了词汇这一关，英语学习才能进展顺利。然而在大家平时的学习中，普遍感到记忆单词是件很困难的事情。请你结合自己的实际情况就如何扩大词汇量，掌握好单词发表自己的观点和看法。
注意：1.词数：120左右；
2．文章必须包括所有要点，行文连贯，可适当增减。
[思路点拨]
1．本文属半开放作文。首先要针 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )对词汇在语言学习中的重要性作简明扼要的陈述；其次要针对如何扩大词汇量及掌握好单词谈谈自己的观点和看法，这是文章中的重点。
2.文章人称采用第一人称，时态采用一般现在时。
[词汇热身]
1．是……的基础____________
2．拥有大的词汇量____________
3．对……注意____________
4．另外____________
【答案】 1.be the basis of 2.have a large vocabulary
3．pay attention to 4.in addition; besides
[句式温习]
1．没有足够的英语单词，我们在听、说、读、写方面会有很多困难。
Without enough Eng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lish words，we ______________________ listening，speaking，reading and writing.
2．在我们的学习中，我们觉得扩大词汇量是困难的。
________ study，we find it difficult to enlarge our vocabulary.
3．此外，在过去我没太注意单词的学习，特别是单词的拼写，认为没有词汇测试。
Besides，in the pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st I didn't pay much attention to word study，especially to word spelling, ______________.
4．但是现在我开始意识到了单词的重要性。
But now ________________________.
【答案】 1.have much difficulty in
2．While we
3．thinking there is no word test
4．I come to know the importance of words
[连句成篇]
_______________________________________________
【参考范文】
Words are the basis o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the language，so without enough English words，we have much difficulty in listening，speaking，reading and writing.Having a large vocabulary is very important and necessary.
In our study，we f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ind it difficult to enlarge our vocabulary，for we easily forget the words we have learned.Besides，in the past I didn't pay much attention to word study，especially to word spelling, thinking there is no word test.But now I come to know the importance of words.I will spend more time studying them.In addition，I will strengthen the intensive reading，studying the words in the contexts to improve my English.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ adj.有节奏的
2．________ n．运动
3．________ n．/v.衰退；下降；减少
4．________ v．触动；感动；使动心
5．________ v．(由……)引起(产生)
6．________ n．支票
7．________ adj.自负的，自视过高的
8．________ n．计划表，进度表，日程表
9．________ n．女发言人；女代言人
10．________ n．截止时间，最后期限
11．________ adv.否则，要不然
12．________n．养老金；退休金；抚恤金
13．________v．离开；辞去
14．________v．/n.抗议
15．________n．移民
【答案】 1.rhythmic 2.movement 3.decline 4.touch
5．arise 6.cheque 7. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vain 8.schedule 9.spokeswoman 10.deadline 11.otherwise 12.pension 13.quit
14．protest 15.migrant
B．词汇拓展
16．________n．融洽； ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一致→________adj.和谐的，融洽的，一致的→________adv.和谐地，一致地→________v．和谐，一致
17．________n．顾问→________v．咨询；商量；向……请教
18．________v．为……付出时间/努力/金钱等→________n．付出，奉献→________ adj. 专心的，忠诚的
19．________adj.令人耳 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )目一新的→__________v．使恢复精力→__________n．恢复活力，焕发精神→__________adj.令人耳目一新地
20．________adj.幽默的→________n．幽默
【答案】 16.harmo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny；harmonious；harmoniously；harmonize 17.consultant；consult 18.devote；devotion；devoted
19．refreshing；refresh；refreshment；refreshingly 20.humorous；humor
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．________________根据，按照
2．________________由……组成
3．________________厌烦
4．________________利用
5．________________而不是
6．________________有序地
7．________________根据某人的情况看来
8．________________尝试
9．________________有幸
10．________________出版
11．________________完全不
12．________________对……专一；专注
13．________________乞求，请求
14．________________是……的缩写
15．________________给某人留下印象
【答案】 1.according to 2.consist of 3.be bored with
4．take advantage of 5. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rather than 6.in order 7.in one's case 8.try out 9.be blessed with e out
11．far from 12.be d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )evoted to 13.beg for 14.be short for 15.make an impression on sb.
B．用上面词组的适当形式填空
16．She ________________ the children's absence to tidy their rooms.
17．The children ________________ eating the same kind of box lunch every day.
18．I would prefer to s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pend the weekend at home ________________ drive all the way to the outside of the city.
19．His breakfast ________________ dry bread and a cup of tea.
20．The children went from door to door ________________ food.
21．She ________________ her career.
22．________________，we are prepared to be lenient(从宽的)．
【答案】 16.took advantage of 17.are bored with
18．rather than 19.c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )onsists of 20.begging for 21.is devoted to 22.In your case
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．Some of the DJs began speaking and shouting while the music played.
【句式仿写】 他读信时她仔细地听着。
_______________________________________________
2．Later，they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) experimented with different vocal and rhythmic approaches，using rhyming words，often words from African American culture.
【句式仿写】 他给我发了电子邮件，希望得到进一步的信息。
_______________________________________________
3．“The moment I hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rd it”，he said，“I knew it was a completely new kind of music.”
【句式仿写】 我一看见她，就把她认出来了。
_______________________________________________4．The first time that rap artists recorded their music，musicians recorded the backing tracks in the studio and the rappers added their vocals later.
【句式仿写】 第一次见到她时，就觉得她人不错又诚实。
I thought her nice and honest ___________.
【答案】 1.She listened carefully while he read the letter.
2．He sent me an e mail，hoping to get further information.
3．The moment I saw her，I recognized her. 4.the first time I met her