【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版选修八教师用书Module 1 Deep South
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| 名称 | 【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版选修八教师用书Module 1 Deep South |  | |
| 格式 | zip | ||
| 文件大小 | 4.8MB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 外研版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2014-08-09 07:30:36 | ||
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【美文阅读】
被称为“最后的大陆”的南极洲，自十九世纪初被发现以来，以它的神秘吸引着人们对它的关注，留下了人类探索的脚步，体现了人类的智慧和勇气。
16 February 1904－Discovery Escapes the Ice
Captain Robert Falcon Scott's 1902 attempt to reach the South Pole
during the Discovery ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) expedition had been unsuccessful.They had been forced to turn back 770 kilometres from their goal and the return journey was a race against starvation.
When they finally rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ched their base at Hut Point in February 1903，they found that their ship，Discovery，was trapped by the ice that had built up over the winter.The ship sent to relieve them，Morning，had arrived，but the Discovery could not leave.There were eight kilometres of ice between the ship and open water.
Morning took some of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Discovery crew home，and Scott and his men prepared for another winter on the ice.
Next summer，M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orning returned with a second ship，Terra Nova，and instructions for Scott to abandon Discovery if it could not be freed.Scott's ship was now blocked by more than 30 kilometres of ice.The ships' crews began sawing at the ice，or blasting(击毁，摧毁)it with explosives，but little progress was made.
Then，in late Januar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y，the ice started to break up.The men continued their blasting，and by 12 February，there were only three kilometres between the Discovery and open sea.The relief ships joined in，butting(顶；撞)into the ice，and at 10：30 p．m. on 16 February the Terra Nova broke through to the trapped Discovery.It departed for Lyttelton three days later.
【诱思导学】
1．How many ships went to relieve the trapped ship
________________________________________________________________________
2．For what reason did the trapped ship escape the ice eventually
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.Two ships. 2.Be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cause the ice started to break up and the relief ships joined in，butting into the ice.
Period ⅠPreviewing
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
这节课是介绍南极洲的一些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况以及探险家的探险活动。通过本节课，能够让学生了解南极大陆的神秘和发挥对南极的想象力，从而激发他们热爱科学、克服困难的探险精神。
●新课导入建议
播放一些南极洲风光和南极动物的图片，引起学生的好奇心，问学生一些简单的问题，然后引入一个quiz活动。
Hello，class.Today w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e're going to learn Module 1.This module is a common knowledge about Antarctica.It was the last continent to be discovered.It is its unique natural features and scientific research value that attract interests of many tourists，explorers and scientists.As the exploration goes on，people know more and more about Antarctica.How much do you know about it Ok，let's have an Antarctic general knowledge quiz.
①Which month is the coldest month in Antarctica
(September，July，December )
②Generally a penguin weighs about.
(1 kg，5 kg，50 kg )
③The China Great Wall Station was founded .
(in 1985，in 1989)
④The blood color of fishes in Antarctica is .
(brown，red，blue，white)
⑤What is the southernmost point of The Earth
(the south pole /deep south)
Opposite the south ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pole is the north pole.What are the similarities and differences between the north pole and the south pole
Keys：
1．The North Pole has no land.
2．The South Pole has more ice.
3．The North Pole has polar bears.
4．The South Pole has penguins.
5．The South Pole has the longest period of total darkness.
6．The South Pole has no inhabitants.
7．The North Pole was reached first by explorers.
8．The South Pole is protected by an international agreement.
●教学流程设计
??
?
??
?
?学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第2－3页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第2页)。?
?
??
?
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第2－3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页并完成课本第2－4页1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第3－7页), 写一篇介绍某旅游景点的作文。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P2的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3词)
Items Features
The land Antarctica is the 1. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ place on the earth and holds 90% of the world's ice.98%of the surface is covered with ice.
Plants and
animals There are differen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t types of 2.______，flying birds，seals，and whales.Only 3.________ types of flowering plants are found.
A great place
for researchers There are gases，4._ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ and rocks which are helpful for scientific research.
The discovery
of Antarctica
Over two thousand years ago 5.______ believed that there was a large land mass in the south.
In 6.______ The great age of exploration began.
In the late 18th century 7.______ crossed the Antarctic Circle.
In 8.______ Carstens Borchg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )revink was the first person to set foot on its mainland.
In December，1911 Norwegian Roald Amundsen reached 9.______．
Antarctica
Treaty It was signed in 19 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )61，which has made the Antarctica the most successful symbol of man's efforts to cooperate for 10.______.
【答案】 1.coldest 2.peng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uins 3.two 4.minerals 5.Greek geographers 6.the 15th century 7.James Cook 8.1895 9.the pole 10.progress and peace
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．How much of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap
A．90%. B．70%. C．98%.
2．How long does the long Antarctic winter night last
A．12 centuries. B．182 days. C．11 centuries.
3．Why are the Antarctic rocks easy to see
A．Because they are white while the background is black.
B．Because they are black while the background is white.
C．Because they are useful while the background is useless.
4．Who was the first to land on the Antarctic
A．James Cook.
B．Roald Amundsen.
C．Carstens Borchgrevink.
5．What is the aim of the treaty signed in 1961
A．To prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.
B．To prevent the research in the Antarctic.
C．To keep the hunters from killing the penguins.
【答案】 1－5 CBBCA
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
explore，set fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot on，treaty，gravity，penguin，survive，trap，extreme，rainfall，permanently
Antarctica，the cold ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est place on Earth，is the fifth largest continent in the world.The conditions there are quite 1.________ with nearly no 2.________.98 percent of the surface is covered 3.________ by ice and strong winds driven by 4.________ blow from the pole to the coastline.However，it is full of wildlife like the famous 5.________，which can 6.________ its hard conditions.The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals 7.________ in it.It was not until 1895 that the Norwegian 8.________ called Carstens Borchgrevink 9.________ the Antarctic mainland.In 1961，12 countries signed a 10.________ to make it the world's biggest nature reserve.Today scientists from all over the world go there to study its resources and to work together for progress and peace.
【答案】 1.extreme 2.ra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )infall 3.permanently 4.gravity 5.penguins 6.survive 7.trapped 8.explorer 9.set foot on 10.treaty
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．inhospitable A．happening every year
2．annual B．difficult to stay or live in
3．extreme C．connected with buying and selling
4．adapt D．make suitable to
5．commercial E．not ordinary or usual；serious or severe
6．promote F．contribute to the progress or growth of
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.E 4.D 5.C 6.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
set foot on，adapt to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，be made up of，on average，close to，stand out，in particular，be full of
1．Her red hair made her quite ________ in the crowd.
2．The new students are very slow to ________ the rules.
3．They work 10 hours a day ________．
4．The overseas are very glad ________ their homeland.
5．What places do you want to see ________？
【答案】 1.stand out 2.ada ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pt to 3.on average 4.to set foot on 5.in particular
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．With_annual_rain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fall_close_to_zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.
南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。
2．Covering_about_14 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_million_square_kilometres_around_the_South_Pole，it is the fifth largest continent in the word.
南极洲包括南极周围约1 400万平方公里的面积，是世界上第五大洲。
3．Not_until the late ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic circle，but he never saw land.
直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却始终未发现任何陆地。
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语介绍旅游景点的作文，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确应用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
●新课导入建议
I think almost ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eryone in our class likes travelling.Now I want to ask ××× to share his/her experiences about travelling with us.(老师让×××同学读一读他/她的日记)。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第3－7页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
?
?布置作业。让学生完成课本第5页和第九页的题，完成“课时作业”和预习“Period Ⅲ”(见学案第8－11页)。
1．With_annual_rain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fall_close_to_zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.(P2)南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。
该句是简单句。with annual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rainfall close to zero这是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构，在句中作状语，此结构不仅作状语还可作定语，其中能作宾补的可以是：介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式。
(1)with＋宾语＋介词短语
The man was wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lking in the street，with a book under his arm.那人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。
(2)with＋宾语＋过去分词
In came a man with his hands tied.
一个人进来了，他的手被绑着。
(3)with＋宾语＋现在分词
In part of As ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.在亚洲的某些地区，你不可以坐着把脚跷起来对着别人。
(4)with＋宾语＋形容词
He wore a shirt with the neck open.
他穿了一件衬衣，露着脖子。
(5)with＋宾语＋副词
With Smith away，we have got more room.
史密斯走了，我们有了更多的空间。
(6)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
With all this work to do，I don't know if I'll have time to go out.
有这么多工作要做，我不知道是不是有时间出去。
【提示】 如果宾补是动词，表示主动和进行的动作，用现在分词；表示主动和将来的动作，用动词不定式；表示被动和完成了的动作，用过去分词。
完成句子
①有这么多衣服要洗，今天她没有时间去购物。
____________，she can't find time to go shopping today.
②在她需要的东西买好后，那个妇女离开了超市。
____________，the woman left the supermarket.
【答案】 ①With so many clothes to wash ②With all she needed bought
2．Covering_about_14_m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illion_square_kilometres_around_the_South_Pole，it is the fifth largest continent in the world.(P2)南极洲覆盖了南极周围大约1 400万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。
此句中“Covering about...S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )outh Pole”是动词的－ing形式在句中作状语。分词在句中作状语可以表时间、原因、伴随、结果、方式、条件等。
Hearing the news，they jumped with great joy.(表时间)听到这个消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。
Seeing nobody at home， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she decided to leave them a note.(表原因)见没人在家，她决定给他们留张字条。
He sat at the desk，reading a newspaper.(表伴随)
他坐在桌前看报。
【提示】 现在分词作结果状语，指自然而然的结果；动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，常和only连用。
【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考)___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
【解析】 句意：发现这门课程很难 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。
【答案】 B
完成句子
①因为病了，所以他不能来上学。
____________，he can't come to school today.
②由于不知道她的地址，我们没法和她联系。
____________，we couldn't get in touch with her.
【答案】 ①Being ill ②Not knowing her address
3．state n．状态，状况；情形；国家；州；邦；政府
vt.(书面或在演讲中)陈述；声明
Antarctica holds 90% ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the world's ice，and most of its fresh water(70%) is in a frozen state，of course.(P2)南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然其大部分的淡水(70%)都处于冰冻状态。
The roads are in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )terrible state after the severe winter weather.严冬过后，这些公路的路况极差。
This book states women's rights very clearly.
这本书对女权问题阐述得很清楚。
①in a state of/in a．..state处于……的状态
in state 正式地；隆重地
be in/get into a state处于/陷入激动或紧张的情绪中
②statement n．声明；陈述
The messy garden is in a state of neglect.
这个又脏又乱的花园处于无人管理的状态。
The vice president is in a state of poor health.
副总统健康状况不佳。
The police asked me to make a statement.
警方要求我写一份供述。
state/condition/situation
state 指人或事物存在或所处的状态，这种状态可以是物质的、精神的或健康的，常与介词in搭配，构成in a/an...state短语。
condition 表示人或事物存在或所处的状态时，与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )state同义，可互换；表示一般、笼统的情况、环境、(生活或工作)条件等，condition用复数，常与介词under搭配。
situation 表示状况、处境、局面、(某个时期的)形势。多指由多种具体情况形成的综合状态。
用condition/state/situation填空
①We are studying international________．
②She is in a good________of mind.
③The________of his health prevented him from working.
【答案】 ①situation ②state ③condition
4．depth n．[C，U]深度；浓度；深；渊博
On average it is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) two kilometres thick，but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometres.(P2)冰层平均厚度为2 000米，但有些地方的冰层深达5 000米。
The ice is ten feet in depth.
＝The ice is ten feet deep. 冰有十英尺厚。
Mo Yan is a writer of great depth and wisdom.
莫言是一位极具领悟力和创造力的作家。
What's the depth of the well？这口井有多深？
in depth深度；彻底的(地)；深入的(地)
out of/beyond one's depth在深不着底的地方的；力不能及的；无法理解的
deep adj.深的；深入的；强烈的 adv.深深地；深厚地
be deep in 埋头于
deeply深深地
【提示】 deep与deeply两者都可作副词，表示具体的深时，用deep；表示抽象的深时，用deeply。
We will discuss these three questions deeply.
我们将深入地讨论这三个问题。
He pushed his stick deep down into the mud.
他把手杖深深地插进泥里。
完成句子
①探险家们进入丛林深处。
The explorers went ________ into the jungle.
②我深深地敬佩她的勇气。
I ________ respect her courage.
【答案】 ①deep ②deeply
5．imagine vt.想象；设想
It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.(P2)
很难想象地球上还有比南极洲更不适宜居住的地方。
We can't imagine life without water.
我们无法想象没有水的生活。
He imagined that he had heard a strange sound upstairs.他好像听到楼上有奇怪的声音。
I can't imagine my marrying a man of that sort.
我难以想象我会嫁给那种男人。
imagine＋
imaginable adj.充满幻想的；想象的
imaginative adj.富于想象(力)的
imaginary adj.假想的；虚构的
【提示】 imagine后接的宾语是否 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定意义的从句时，通常要否定转移。I don't imagine that he will come，will he？我猜想他不回来了，是吗？
I can imagine Sarah running her own business.
我能想象出莎拉自己开公司的情景。
I was surprised t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o see the house.I had imagined it to be much bigger.我看见房子时大为惊讶——我原来想象它会大得多。
完成句子
①你能想象我在河里游泳的情形吗？
Can you ____________ in the river
②在那种地方工作，真是难以想象。
It's hard ____________ in a place like that.
③请设想你自己处于他的位置。
Please ____________ in his place.
【答案】 ①imagine my s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wimming ②to imagine working ③imagine yourself(to be)
6．adapt v．(使)适应；(使)适合；改编；改写
Yet Antarctica is f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ull of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions.(P2)
但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。
He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.
他努力使自己适应新的状况。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.
作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
adapt to适应……
①adapt oneself to sth.使自己适应或习惯于某事
adapt sth.to使某事物适应或适合
adapt sth.for sth.把某物改编、改写或改装为……
adapt from根据……改编或改写
②adaptation n．适应；改写本
③adaptable adj.能适应的，可修改的
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
她很快地适应了这种新的气候。
Tonight's pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay has been adapted for radio from the novel by Charles Dickens.
今晚的广播剧是由查尔斯·狄更斯的小说改编的。
完成句子
①他把这本小说改编成了电视剧本。
He________the novel________television.
②你应该尽快地适应新的环境。
You should______________the new environment as soon as possible.
③这部电影是由莫言的小说改编的。
The film ______________ Mo Yan's novel.
【答案】 ①adapted；for ②adapt (yourself) to ③is adapted from
7．on earth在世界上；在人间；到底；究竟
But the long Anta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rctic winter night，which lasts for 182 days(the longest period of continuous darkness on earth)，as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall，means that few types of plants can survive there.(P2)
但是南极洲冬季长达182天的夜晚(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，极度寒冷，降雨量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在那里生长。
The whale is the largest mammal on earth.
鲸是世界上最大的哺乳动物。
What on earth is the problem？问题究竟是什么？
①on earth作“世界上”解时主要用于含有最高级或类似最高级的句子中，以加强语气。
②on earth作“到底；究竟”解时，常用于否定词或疑问词之后，表示惊奇，愤怒。
③on the earth在地球上
I must be the happiest person on earth.
我一定是世界上最幸福的人．
What on earth is it？这究竟是什么？
完成句子
①我是世上最傻的人。
I'm ________________．
②你究竟为什么向我撒谎？
Why ________________？
【答案】 ①the most foolish person on earth ②on earth did you lie to me
8．be made up of由……组成
The rest of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plants are made up of mosses，algae and lichen.(P2)其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、海藻以及地衣。
The committee is made up of seven members.
该委员会由7名委员组成。
The museum is made up of three parts.
这个博物馆分三部分。
be made from...由……制成(从制成物中看不出原材料)
be made of...由……制成(从制成物中可看出原材料)
be made in...在某地生产(制造)
be made into...把……制成……
The shoes my fath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er bought for me in America turned out to have been made in China.我爸爸在美国给我买的鞋后来发现是中国造的。
The desk is made of wood.这张桌子是用木头做的。
Glass can be made into many kinds of beautiful things.
玻璃能制成许多种类漂亮的物品。
完成句子
①这辆车是上海造的。
The car ________ Shanghai.
②这把工具是用铁和木头制成的。
This tool ________ iron and wood.
【答案】 ①is made in ②is made of
9．trap vt.储存；留存；使陷入困境；设圈套 n．圈套；陷阱；困境
Gases and minera ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ls，in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice，can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages.(P2)
这些以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。
The policeman found some evidence trapped on the wall.
警察发现了留存在墙上的证据。
The two men died ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when they were trapped in a burning building.两个人被困在燃烧的大楼中死去了。
The teacher's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) question was a trap for those students who hadn't been paying attention.
老师问的那个问题是为了发现哪些学生没有认真听讲。
①lay/set a trap设圈套
fall into a trap落入圈套
②be trapped in陷入(困境)
③trap sb.into(doing) sth.设圈套诱使某人做某事
She was trapped in the burning house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.
我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警察。
Some women see marriage as a trap.
有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。
完成句子
①警察们设下圈套捕捉狡猾的小偷。
The police________ for the clever thief.
②他诱骗我承认事情是我干的。
He trapped me______________I had done it.
【答案】 ①set/laid a trap ②into admitting
10．stand out 显眼；杰出
Since most Anta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rctic rocks are dark in colour，they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.(P3)因为南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，所以它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也易于识别和搜集。
I think black letterin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g will stand out best on a yellow sign.我认为黄色标志上用黑色字体最醒目。
①stand out/against在……的映衬下 显眼，突出
②stand out from卓越，杰出；远远超过
③stand out as出色；杰出；更为重要
Red plums stand out against the white snow.
红梅在白雪的映衬下十分醒目。
She is the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.
她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。
Four points stand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out as being more important than the rest.有四点比其余各点更为重要。
Her work stands out from that of others.
他的工作业绩比其他人突出。
【教师备课资源】
stand by 袖手旁观；信守，遵守；支持，忠于
stand for 代表，象征；容忍，忍受；支持，主张
stand in(for)临时代替
stand up for支持，维护，保卫
These bright letters ________ well against a dark background.
A．put out B．stand out
C．hold out D．take out
【解析】 考查动词短语辨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )析。句意：在黑背景的映衬下，这些明亮的字母格外显眼。put out生产，消除；stand out突出，显眼；hold out伸出；阻止，制止，提供，维持；take out拿出，取出。根据句意，选B。
【答案】 B
11．Not_until ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.(P3)直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。
not...until的意思是“直到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )……才”，有时为了加强语气，可将not until提前放在句首，这时句子须用部分倒装语序，即将助动词放在主语的前面。
The noise of the street didn't stop until midnight.
(＝Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.)街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。
但是，如果 not...until连接的是含状语从句的复合句，用于倒装语序时只倒装主句部分，从句部分(即until后面的从句)不倒装。
He didn't arrive until the game had begun.
(＝Not until the game had begun did he arrive.)
直到比赛开始他才来到。
We won't come home until it is dark.
(＝Not until it is dark will we come home.)
我们不到天黑不回家。
【对接高考】
(2013·福建高考)Not unti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.
A．had he realized B．did he realize
C．he realized D．he had realized
【解析】 句意：直到他经历了真正的困难， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。由题干中句首的关键信息Not until可知此处要用部分倒装，排除C、D两项；而A项用了过去完成时，表示“realize表示的动作发生在从句谓语went through表示的动作之前”，这显然不合逻辑，所以排除A项；而B项无论从语序还是从时态上讲，都是非常正确的。
【答案】 B
句型转换
①They won't come home until it is dark.
→Not until it is dark ____________．
②She didn't go to bed until her mother came back.
→Not until her mother came back ____________．
【答案】 ①will they come home ②did she go to bed
12．set foot on进入；到达；踏上
Then in 1895，a Norw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )egian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.(P3)后来在1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。
The overseas are very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glad to set foot on their homeland.侨居海外的人们非常高兴地踏上祖国的土地。
He is the first man to set foot on the moon.
他是第一个登上月球的人。
set foot in进入；涉足
struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来
on foot步行
stand on one's own feet自力
rise to one's feet站起来
keep one's feet站稳；不跌倒
put your foot in your mouth说错话
She said she would never set foot in that house again.
她说她再也不愿进入那所房子了。
Since you have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )grown up，you should stand on your own feet.既然你已经长大了，你应该自力。
I have wanted to________the ship ever since it was built.
A．set foot on B．set feet on
C．set a foot on D．set my feet on
【解析】 句意：自从这艘船建成后，我一直想登上它。set foot on踏上。
【答案】 A
13．promote vt.提升；晋升；促进；增进；促销；推广
In particular，it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste；to promote international scientific projects；and to end arguments about who owns the land.(P3)该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。
He has been promoted to general manager.
他已被提升为总经理。
The Prime Mini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ster's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。
promotion n．提升；晋级
promote sb.from A to B把某人从A职位晋升到B职位
be promoted to...被升为……
get/win/gain promotion得到/争取晋升
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.
我们的老师已经被提升为校长了。
I want a job with good promotion prospects.
我想要一份有良好提升机会的工作。
用promote的适当形式填空
①The organization works to________friendship between nations.
②The company________the sales of this new product on television.
③He got________because of his special contributions to the company.
【答案】 ①promote ②is promoting ③promotion
Period ⅢIntegrating skills & Grammar
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够知道什么可以做主语和动词的用法。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第8－9页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
?
??
?
布置作业。让学生完成课本第11页和13页的题，预习学案Period Ⅳ (见学案第11－14页)。?
1．But when land came_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into_sight，the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break_up．(P7)但当人们看见陆地时，“耐力”号却被困在冰中，并开始解体。
(1)come into sight进入人们的视线；出现
Some low houses covere ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d with white snow came into sight.眼前出现了一些平房，房顶上覆盖着白雪。
Soon the truck came into sight around a bend.
不一会卡车就出现在一个拐弯处。
catch sight of 突然看到(注意到)
at first sight 初见，乍看
in/within sight 在视野内，看得见
out of sight 在视野外，看不见
lose sight of看不见；忽略，失去……的音信
Out of sight，out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。
at the sight of一看见……就……
The house was out of sight behind a wall.
房子被墙遮住，看不见了。
She let out a cry of surprise at the sight of the snake.
她一见到蛇，就发出惊异的叫喊声。
完成句子
①绿色的田野展现在眼前。
The green fields ________________．
②胜利在望。
Victory is ________________．
③我看到公共汽车的后面有一个空座位。
I ________________ an empty seat at the back of the bus.
【答案】 ①came into sight ②in sight ③caught sight of
(2)break up粉碎；分解；散开；驱散；终止；结束；衰弱
There was a danger of the ship breaking up completely.
那艘船有完全解体的危险。
Police had to break up the crowd.
警察不得不驱散人群。
break down 出故障；精神崩溃，身体垮掉；(使)分解；失败
break into 闯入，突然开始……；打断，打扰
break in闯入，强行进入；打断，插嘴
break through突破，突围
break out爆发，突然发生
break off (使)折断；中断，中止
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
她因工作压力身体垮了。
Please don't br ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eak in when others are talking with each other.别人谈话时，请不要插嘴。
写出下列句子中break up的含义
④He was breaking_up under the strain.________
⑤The meeting broke_up without any agreement.________
⑥My girlfriend has broken_up_with me.________
⑦They broke_up_into small groups.________
【答案】 ④衰弱 ⑤结束 ⑥与……关系破裂 ⑦散开；驱散
2．When they reached th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e island，Shackleton came_up_with an idea—it was a risk but he would have to take it.
他们抵达小岛后，沙克尔顿想出个主意——这是一场冒险，但他却不得不试一试。
(1)come up with想出；提出(主意，计划，回答等)
Is that the best excuse you can come up with
那就是你能想出的最好的借口吗？
I have come up with a good idea.
我想出了一个好主意。
come across 偶遇，偶然发现
come up to比得上，达到(预期标准)
come about 发生，产生
come out 显露，泄露；出版，发行；(照片)冲印
come to oneself 苏醒过来
She came acro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss a dollar bill in the box she was sending to the cleaner.
她在一个她正要送给清洁工的盒子里发现了一美元。
How did it co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me about that you were an hour late on such a short journey
在如此短的行程内你怎么会发生迟到一小时的事呢？
完成句子
①她想出一种新的教学方法。
She ____________ a new method of teaching just now.
②当醒来的时候，他发现自己在医院里。
When he ____________，he found himself in hospital.
【答案】 ①came up with ②came to himself
(2)risk n．危险，风险，冒险 v．冒……的危险；使……冒风险
That's a risk I'm not prepared to take.
我不愿意去冒这个险。
She was risking her own and her children's health.
她在使她自己和孩子们的健康遭受危险。
risk sth.冒……的危险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
at/run the risk of(doing)sth.冒着做某事的危险
at one's own risk自担风险
Are you prepared t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o risk travelling without an armed guard？你准备冒险不带武装警卫出行吗？
The whole future of the company is at risk.
公司的整个前途受到威胁。
完成句子
③他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。
They knew they ________．
④他冒着生命的危险去救那个孩子。
He went to save the child ________．
【答案】 ③risked being arrested ④at the risk of his life
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会一下什么可充当主语。
①During the 1990，Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican_country_music had become more and more popular.
20世纪90年代，美国乡村音乐越来越流行。
②It happened so q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uickly and everyone was in a state of shock.事情发生得如此迅速，每个人都震惊了。
③One－third_of_the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_students have finished their homework while the others haven't.
三分之一的学生完成了作业而其他的人还没有完成。
④In new China，the_old are leading a happy life.
在新中国，老年人过着幸福的生活。
⑤To_see is to believe.眼见为实。
⑥Watching_TV_too_much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛没好处。
⑦Whether_he_will_come_or_not doesn't matter.
他是否会来并不重要。
[自我总结] 通过观察上面的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )例句可知，________、________、________、________、________、________、________可作主语。
【答案】 名词；代词；数词；名词化的形容词；不定式；动名词；从句。
一、主语
主语是一句话的中心。主语通常是由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个起名词作用的成分担任的。主语由名词、代词、the＋形容词、数词或者相当于名词的不定式、动名词或从句充当。
词类 例句
名词 The news is exciting.
名词化的形
容词 The disabled are well cared for in our country.
代词 None of us believed what he said.
数词 One－third of the work has been finished.
不定式 To decide is to act.(决定即行动。)
动名词 Watching a film is a pleasure；making one is hard work.
从句 Whether he will come is unknown.
【提示】 不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语时，习惯上用it充当形式主语，把真正的主语放于句末。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
It is an honor to be here with you.
能与你一起在这儿很荣幸。
二、动词
动词按照在句中的功能可分为谓语动词和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )非谓语动词。实义动词、系动词等都可在句中作谓语。谓语动词除了在人称和数上与主语保持一致外，还有各种时态和语态的变化。
1．动词的分类
动词的分类 用法
实义动词
及物动词 一般情况下，其后要跟宾语，意思才完整 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如teach，do，expect，hear，learn等；pass，buy，offer，hand等跟双宾语；make，find，think，consider等跟复合宾语
不及物动词 动词之后不能跟宾语，如arrive，come，die，rise，get，happen，exist，talk，work，swim等
系动词 通常要加上表语，否则意义不完整，如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be，become，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，grow，turn，get，go等
情态动词 后接动词原形，与其一起构成谓语，本身 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )具有词义，如can/could，will/would，shall/should，may/might，need，dare，must等
助动词 用来构成各种时态和语态，本身无具体词义，如do，have，be，shall，will，would等
2.动词的时态
时态种类
构成
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般时态 除第三人称单数一般在动词后加－s/－es外，其他用动词原形 动词的过去式 shall/will＋动词原形 should/would＋动词原形
进行时态 am/is/are＋现在分词 was/were＋现在分词 shall/will＋be＋现在分词 should/would＋be＋现在分词
完成时态 have/has＋过去分词 had＋过去分词 shall/will＋have＋过去分词 should/would＋have＋过去分词
完成进行时态 have/has＋been＋现在分词 had＋been＋现在分词
3．动词的语态
(1)被动语态的构成
主动语态 主语(动作执行者) 谓语(及物动词) 宾语(动作的承受者)
被动语态 主语(动作的承受者) 谓语(be＋过去分词) by＋宾语(动作执行者)
(2)被动语态的结构
时态 被动语态
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时 would/should＋be＋过去分词或
was/were going to be＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词
过去进行时 was/were being＋过去分词
现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had been＋过去分词
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·江西高考)________can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
A．Anybody B．Everybody
C．Nobody D．Somebody
【解析】 句意：没有人能40年来做好某件事，如果他不喜欢的话。由语境可知nobody合适。
【答案】 C
2．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)We________very early so we packed the night before.
A．leave B．had left
C．were leaving D．have left
【解析】 句意：我们很早 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________，因此我们前一天晚上就把东西打包了。根据从句中的packed可知此处应用过去的时态，所以排除A、D两项。根据常识及句意可知，pack要发生在leave之前，所以排除B项had left(表示“过去的过去”)。此题用过去进行时态表示将来。
【答案】 C
3．(2013·湖南高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )If nothing________， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A．does B．had been done
C．will do D．is done
【解析】 句意：如果什么措施都不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )采取的话，海洋将会变成鱼类的沙漠。根据“主将从现”的原则，即主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，再根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故答案为D。
【答案】 D
4．(2012·课标全国卷)I h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ________ before my eyes.
A．swim B．swum
C．swam D．had swum
【解析】 句意：整个下午我都在做数学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题，众多数字在我眼前晃来晃去。本题中的误导信息是had been working on，这是过去完成进行时态，部分考生会受其误导选择D项，但是这里应用swam陈述过去的事实，所以应选择C项。
【答案】 C
5．(2012·山东高考)Afte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r Jack had sent some e－mails，he ________ working on his project.
A．had started B．has started
C．started D．starts
【解析】 由题干知After Jack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had sent some e－mails为after引导的时间状语从句，故后半句为主句。根据题干中的关键信息had sent(过去完成时)可推知start这一动作发生在had sent之后，故应该用一般过去时。句意：杰克发了一些电子邮件后就开始致力于他的计划。
【答案】 C
6．(2011·天津高考)In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the last few years thousands of films________all over the world.
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
【解析】 句意：在过去的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。
【答案】 B
7．(2011·四川高考)All visitors to this village________with kindness.
A．treat B．are treated
C．are treating D．had been treated
【解析】 句意：所有到这个村子的来访者都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会受到善意的接待。表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。
【答案】 B
8．(2011·天津高考)I__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______a bank account after I made D|S1，000 by doing a part－time job during the summer vacation.
A．borrowed B．opened
C．entered D．ordered
【解析】 句中主要考查哪一个动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可以与a bank account搭配。据后边所说在本人通过打零工挣得1 000美元后，应推断出是在银行“开”了一个账户。open开立、开设；enter进入；borrow借入；order订购，命令。
【答案】 B
9．________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A．What B．Who
C．Whatever D．Whoever
【解析】 考查名词性从句作主语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：使这个商店与众不同的地方在于这个商店提供更多的个人服务。本题中是从句作主语，从句中又缺少主语，同时又接了一个that引导的表语从句，根据句子意思，可以得出答案为A。
【答案】 A
10.(2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes，fortunately no one ________．
A．hurt B．was hurt
C．has hurt D．had been hurt
【解析】 句意：——你听说市场 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的那场火灾了吗？——听说了，幸好没有人受伤。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句中主语no one与谓语动词之间为被动关系，故排除A项和C项。火灾发生在过去，因此选择一般过去时的被动语态，故选择B项。D项为过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去，与语境时间不符。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．His family________(watch) TV now.
2．There________(be) a meeting this afternoon.
3．Neither the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents nor the teacher________(attend) the lecture this evening.
4．I，who________(be) your good friend，will try my best to help you.
5．Around the corner________(be) several small shops.
6．Not all the means________(be) useful.
7．You________(finish) your homework，haven't you
8．A position________(offer) to him then.
9．Five cars________(repair) so far.
10．He can't ________(depend) upon.
【答案】 1.are watching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.will be 3.is going to attend/will attend 4.am 5.are 6.are 7.have finished
8．was offered 9.have been repaired 10.be depended
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)学会如何用英语介绍一个旅游景点。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是介绍旅游景点，这是高考作文中常见的写作题材。介绍某地的写作方法在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
●新课导入建议
随着旅游业的发展，越来越多的外国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人到我国来旅游。作为东道主，我们应热情地把我们国家的名胜介绍给外国友人，那么我们该如何介绍旅游景点呢？通过对本文的学习，我们就会对此有所了解。
●教学流程设计
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Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P13课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Marco Polo made friends with Kubla Khan when he came to China.( )
2．All the people th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought Marco Polo was telling the truth about his voyage.( )
3．It is certain that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Marco Polo introduced spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West.( )
【答案】 1.T 2.F 3.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P11课文，选择最佳答案
1．The South Pole is safe ________．
A．as long as you take precautions to protect yourself
B．because it's at 3，000－4，000 metres high
C．because it's the calmest place on Earth
2．The scientific station ________．
A．is surprisingly luxurious
B．is cosy but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has some restrictions on personal lifestyle，such as a shortage of water
C．provides perfect accommodations for long－term visitors
3．The ceremonial Pole is probably ________．
A．the place which explorers first claimed as the true South Pole
B．the place from where all routes lead North
C．close to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he scientific station，which is situated on a platform of ice，3，000－4，000 metres high
4．The sentence“sunri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se and sunset come once every six months”means ________．
A．each day and night lasts six months
B．there's daylight ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for six months，then darkness for another six months
C．there's so little to do that a day seems to last six months
【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B
1．glare n．刺眼的光
Because the South P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ole is a high altitude site，the glare of the sunlight here is very intense.(P11)因为南极是一个高海拔的地方，所以这儿阳光非常强烈。
He had to wear s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unglasses because of the glare of the sun.因为阳光刺眼，他只好戴墨镜。
These sunglasses are designed to reduce glare.
这些太阳镜是为减少刺眼的强光而设计的。
The sun is glaring right in my eyes.
太阳光晃着我的眼睛了。
glare v．怒目而视；闪耀 n．显眼；怒目而视
glare at怒视
give sb.a glare怒视某人
They stood there，glaring at each other.
他们站在那里，互相怒视着对方。
He didn't shout；he just glared at me silently.
他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。
glare/stare
glare v.怒目而视；闪耀 n．强光；怒目而视
stare v.凝视；盯着看 n．凝视
My brother was glaring at the dog.我弟弟瞪着那条狗。
He stared at the picture for a long time.
这幅画他盯着看了很久。
完成句子
①The little child __________________(盯着玩具)in the shop－window.
②Don't____________________(瞪着我)like that；you deserve the scolding.
【答案】 ①stared at the toys ②glare at me
2．absence n．缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在
Sunrise and s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unset come once every six months，and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome，and for some，depressing.(P11)
日出和日落每6个月才有一次，并且在冬天，整天不见阳光的日子很令人心烦并且有一些令人感到抑郁。
His long absence raised fears about his safety.
他长期不在引起了大家对他安全的担心。
In the absence of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) firm evidence the prisoner was set free.因缺乏确凿的证据，囚犯被释放了。
①absence of mind心不在焉；魂不守舍
during/in sb.'s absence在(某人)不在时
②absent adj.缺席的，缺少的
be absent from缺席……
③absent vt.缺席，不参加
Tom will be in charge during my absence.
我不在时，由汤姆来负责。
She was often absent from Chinese classes.
她经常不上语文课。
He absented himself from the meeting on purpose.
他故意不到会。
【教师备课资源】
absence的反义词为presence；absent的反义词为present
完成句子
①因为心不在焉，他犯了许多拼写错误。
He made a lot of spelling mistakes because of his______________．
②史密斯因为生病没来上学。
Smith__________________because he was ill.
【答案】 ①absence of mind ②was absent from school
3．discourage vt.使某人失去信心；使某人泄气；设法阻止
We discourage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you from smoking except in specific areas.(P11)除了某些特别的地方，我们不鼓励你吸烟。
Don't discourage her.She is trying to do the best.
别给她泄气。她正尽力做好呢。
He is never discouraged by difficulties.
他从没有因困难而灰心丧气。
①discouraged adj.感到泄气的
②discouraging adj.令人泄气的
③discourage sb.from doing劝阻某人做某事
④encourage vt.鼓励
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
His failure in the exam discouraged him.
在考试中不及格使他丧失了信心。
The doctor has discouraged him from smoking.
医生劝他戒掉烟了。
完成句子
①She did not allow her failure in the exam__________(使她泄气)．
②Learners can __________(感到很没信心)if an exercise is too difficult.
【答案】 ①to discourage her ②feel very discouraged
4．in case of以防(表示目的)；如果；假使(表示条件)
Medical assistance ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is available in case of an emergency.(P11)如有紧急情况会有医疗援助。
You'd better take your umbrella in case of rain.
你最好带把伞以防下雨。
I have kept a reserve fund in case of accidents.
我已筹备了一笔准备基金以防不测。
in case[＋从句]假使；以防(万一)
in any case在任何情况下
in no case在任何情况下都不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
This is not the case.情况不是这样。
In case it rains，do not expect me.
如果天下雨，就不要指望我来了。
In no case should I give up.
在任何情况下我都不应该放弃。
完成句子
①她再三解释，生怕我们误解她。
She explained again a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd again________________we should misunderstand her.
②无论如何，你要交还从图书馆里借的书。
________________________，turn in the books you borrowed from the library.
③若遇火情，立即按铃示警。
__________________fire，ring the alarm bell at once.
【答案】 ①in case ②In any case ③In case of
5．set off 动身；使……爆炸；使……开始做
He set off with his fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther and uncle on a 25－year journey to mysterious，distant lands that most people in Europe have never heard of.(P13)
他跟随父亲和叔叔进行了一次长达25年的旅行，游历了大多数欧洲人闻所未闻的神秘而遥远的地方。
He set off early to avoid the traffic.
他动身很早以避开交通拥堵。
His speech set off a wave of anger.
他的演讲引起一阵怒潮。
set out出发；安排；着手做，评述
set out to do sth.开始/打算/着手做某事
set about doing sth.着手做某事
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样
set aside留出；搁置
set up建立，成立
Lei Feng set a good example to all of us.
雷锋给我们大家树立了好榜样。
Try to set asid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary.争取每天抽出1小时学习新词汇。
【对接高考】
(2013·湖北高考)In much o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the animal world, night is the time________for sleep—pure and simple.
A．set aside B．set down
C．set off D．set up
【解析】 这里pure and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用来指某事只有唯一的原因。这里用set aside表示“留出，拨出(时间等)”，表示这段时间就是用来睡觉的。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。句意：在大多数动物世界里，夜晚就是完全用来睡觉的时间。
【答案】 A
完成句子
①Opening this door will ________(拉响)the alarm.
②The president ________(着手)dealing with the problem.
③They ________(动身)on the last stage of their journey.
【答案】 ①set off ②set about ③set out
6．While_on_th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eir_journey buying and selling spices，silks and jewels，they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth，Kubla Khan.(P13)
在旅途中他们买卖香料、丝绸和珠宝，并与世界上最具影响力的人中的一位——忽必烈汗结为朋友。
while on their jou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rney是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式是while they are on their journey。如果状语从句的主语是it或与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词，那么可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。
When sleeping，I never hear anything.
睡觉时我什么都听不见。
If (it is) nec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essary，you can turn to your teacher for help.如果有必要你可以向老师求助。
Every evening after ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dinner，if not________from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.
A．being tired B．tiring
C．tired D．to be tired
【解析】 if not tired from work为条件状语从句if I am not tired from work的省略形式。
【答案】 C
谈论人物
1．When and where was he or she born
2．Where does/did he or she come from
3．How old was he or she when...
4．What job does/did he or she have
5．What does/did he or she do every morning
6．Why did he join...
7．What do you feel about him or her
1．(2013·山东高考)—How far can you run without stopping
—________．I've never tried.
A．Don't mention it B．That's all right
C．I have no idea D．Go ahead
【解析】 句意：——“你不停 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地跑，能跑多远？”——“我不知道。我从未试过。”通过对话中的关键信息“I've never tried.”可知答话者并不知道自己能跑多远，C项“我不知道”符合句意。A项意为“不客气，不用谢”，用来回答别人的道谢；B项意为“没什么；不要紧；不用谢”，用来回答别人的道歉或道谢；D项意为“继续；说/用/拿/看吧”，用来表示允许对方做某事，这三项均不符合句意。
【答案】 C
2．—What do you feel about your grandfather
—He is ________ and often makes us laugh.
A．energetic B．humourous
C．friendly D．serious
【解析】 此题谈论的是人的性格，根据．..often makes us laugh可知，此空应填humourous。
【答案】 B
如何介绍旅游景点
介绍一个旅游景点，就是对其大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该地方的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：
1．内容一般包括该地方的位置、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。也可以适当地融入人文风貌，简单介绍当地的文化遗址、民间风俗及有趣的生活方式等。但是一定要抓住该地方的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。
2．要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该地方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的位置时，首先要找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先整体后局部，或按照一定时间层次或空间层次。描述时可以适当使用过渡性连接词。
3．可以适当运用比喻句式。形象的比喻可以给读者展示一幅生动的画面。
4．常用短语和句式：
be located/situat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in；lie in...；be surrounded by...；be bordered on the north by；to the east of；
It covers an area of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about/over...square kilometres；Its area is...square kilometres；
It has a population of about/over...；Its population is...；
It has a history of about...years；
The climate is pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )easant.The average temperature is...；The coldest months are...；
be famous/well－know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n as/for...；be rich in(mineral resources including...)
假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Ni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck将于八月来四川旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。
旅游资源 许多著名的世界风景名胜，如九寨沟(海 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子；清澈见底；色彩斑斓；)都江堰水利工程(2 000多年历史；仍在发挥作用)，以及震后重建的汶川地震博物馆等。
相关信息 气候适宜；交通方便
注意：1.词数120个左右。
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：省份province；海子lake；都江堰水利工程Du Jiangyan Irrigation Project
[思路点拨]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
一、注意回信的格式及称谓。
二、主要内容是谈旅游景点的情况。
三、最后要表示盼望他的到来。
[词汇热身]
1．名胜古迹________________________
2．在某方面起到重要作用________________________
3．旅游景点________________________
4．便利的交通________________________
5．富含________________________
6．渴望________________________
【答案】 1.a plac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of interest 2.play an important part in 3.tourist attractions 4.convenient transportations 5.be rich in 6.look forward to
[句式温习]
1．你到这儿来旅游是你明智的选择。
You've made the wise choice ____________ here.
2．九寨沟以海子而著称，水清见底，色彩斑斓。
Jiuzhaigou is well kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn for its beautiful lakes, __________ the water is clear and looks colorful.
3．此外，良好的气候和便利的交通条件会使您的旅行更加愉快。
Besides，the nice weather and convenient transportation here ________．
4．我渴望你的到来。
I'm looking forward to your ____________．
【答案】 1.to travel 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of which 3.can make your trip more enjoyable 4.coming
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Nick，
I'm glad to hear th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at you're coming to Sichuan in August.You've made the wise choice to travel here.Sichuan Province is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world－famous places of interest，such as Jiuzhaigou and Du Jiangyan Irrigation Project.
Jiuzhaigou is well kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn for its beautiful lakes，of which the water is clear and looks colorful.It can excite visitors' imagination.Another attraction is Du Jiangyan Irrigation Project，which was built over 2，000 years ago and is still playing an important part in irrigation today.And the newly－built Wenchuan Earthquake Museum can make all the people present call for that breathtaking moment.Besides，the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more enjoyable.I'm sure you'll have a good time.
I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ adj.每年的
2．________ n．深度
3．________ adj.荒凉的；不适宜居住的
4．________ v．适应
5．________ adj.极端的
6．________ v．使平衡
7．________ n．条约
8．________ adj.商业的
9．________ v．使陷入困境
10．________ adj.艰难的；艰巨的
11．________ adj.轻便的
12．________ adj.适中的；谦虚的
13．________ n．宿舍
14．________ n．紧急情况
15．________ adj.脆弱的；易碎的
16．________ n．荣幸
【答案】 1.annual 2.depth 3.inhospitable 4.adapt
5．extreme 6.balance 7.treaty 8.commercial
9．trap 10.sev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere 11.portable 12.modest 13.dormitory 14.emergency 15.fragile 16.privilege
B．词汇拓展
17．________ n．探险者→________ v．探险；勘查→________ n．勘察
18．________ v．促进；增进→________ n．提升
19．________ adj.不正常的→________ adj.正常的
20．________ n．缺乏；不存在→________ adj.缺席的
21．________ adj.令人沮丧的→________ adj.沮丧的→________ v．使沮丧→________ n．沮丧
22．________ v．打消……的念头→________ adj.令人失去信心的→________n．泄气→________ v．鼓励
23．________ n．可靠性→______ v．依靠；依赖→________ adj.可靠的
24．________n．鼓舞；灵感→________ adj.令人鼓舞的→________ v．激励；鼓舞
【答案】 17.explo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rer；explore；exploration 18.promote；promotion 19.abnormal；normal 20.absence；absent 21.depressing；depressed；depress；depression 22.discourage；discouraging；discouragement；encourage 23.reliability；rely；reliable 24.inspiration；inspiring；inspire
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．____________ 平均
2．____________ 适应
3．____________ 由……组成
4．____________ 显眼；醒目；杰出
5．____________ 踏上；进入
6．____________ come into sight
7．____________ come up with
8．____________ keep one's promise
9. ____________ discourage sb.from doing sth.
10．____________ in detail
【答案】 1.on average 2.ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )apt to 3.be made up of 4.stand out 5.set foot on/in 6.进入视野；看见
7．想出 8.信守诺言 9.打消某人做某事的念头 10.详细地
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成句子
11．This issue will be discussed ________ in the next chapter.
12．Have you ever ________ the hunting area in the forest
13．The red flowers ________ against the white snow.
14．When the famous tower ________ at last，we all jump with joy.
15．All of a sudden，she ________ a good idea.
【答案】 11.in detail 12.set foot in/on 13.stand out
14．came into sight 15.came up with
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．With_annual_rainfal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l_close_to_zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.
【句子仿写】 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
________________________________________________________________________
2．Covering_about 14 m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illion square kilometres around the South Pole，it is the fifth largest continent in the world.
【句子仿写】 希望得到更多的信息，她给我发了一份电子邮件。
________________________________________________________________________
3．Not_until the la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.
【句子仿写】 街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。
________________________________________________________________________
4．While_on_their_jo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urney buying and selling spices，silks and jewels they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth，Kubla Khan.
【句子仿写】 在美国的时候他研究医学。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.He likes to sleep with the windows open.
2．Hoping to get more information，she sent me an e－mail.
3．Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.
4．While in the USA，he studied medicine.
被称为“最后的大陆”的南极洲，自十九世纪初被发现以来，以它的神秘吸引着人们对它的关注，留下了人类探索的脚步，体现了人类的智慧和勇气。
16 February 1904－Discovery Escapes the Ice
Captain Robert Falcon Scott's 1902 attempt to reach the South Pole
during the Discovery ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) expedition had been unsuccessful.They had been forced to turn back 770 kilometres from their goal and the return journey was a race against starvation.
When they finally rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ched their base at Hut Point in February 1903，they found that their ship，Discovery，was trapped by the ice that had built up over the winter.The ship sent to relieve them，Morning，had arrived，but the Discovery could not leave.There were eight kilometres of ice between the ship and open water.
Morning took some of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the Discovery crew home，and Scott and his men prepared for another winter on the ice.
Next summer，M ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orning returned with a second ship，Terra Nova，and instructions for Scott to abandon Discovery if it could not be freed.Scott's ship was now blocked by more than 30 kilometres of ice.The ships' crews began sawing at the ice，or blasting(击毁，摧毁)it with explosives，but little progress was made.
Then，in late Januar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y，the ice started to break up.The men continued their blasting，and by 12 February，there were only three kilometres between the Discovery and open sea.The relief ships joined in，butting(顶；撞)into the ice，and at 10：30 p．m. on 16 February the Terra Nova broke through to the trapped Discovery.It departed for Lyttelton three days later.
【诱思导学】
1．How many ships went to relieve the trapped ship
________________________________________________________________________
2．For what reason did the trapped ship escape the ice eventually
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.Two ships. 2.Be ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cause the ice started to break up and the relief ships joined in，butting into the ice.
Period ⅠPreviewing
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
这节课是介绍南极洲的一些 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )情况以及探险家的探险活动。通过本节课，能够让学生了解南极大陆的神秘和发挥对南极的想象力，从而激发他们热爱科学、克服困难的探险精神。
●新课导入建议
播放一些南极洲风光和南极动物的图片，引起学生的好奇心，问学生一些简单的问题，然后引入一个quiz活动。
Hello，class.Today w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e're going to learn Module 1.This module is a common knowledge about Antarctica.It was the last continent to be discovered.It is its unique natural features and scientific research value that attract interests of many tourists，explorers and scientists.As the exploration goes on，people know more and more about Antarctica.How much do you know about it Ok，let's have an Antarctic general knowledge quiz.
①Which month is the coldest month in Antarctica
(September，July，December )
②Generally a penguin weighs about.
(1 kg，5 kg，50 kg )
③The China Great Wall Station was founded .
(in 1985，in 1989)
④The blood color of fishes in Antarctica is .
(brown，red，blue，white)
⑤What is the southernmost point of The Earth
(the south pole /deep south)
Opposite the south ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pole is the north pole.What are the similarities and differences between the north pole and the south pole
Keys：
1．The North Pole has no land.
2．The South Pole has more ice.
3．The North Pole has polar bears.
4．The South Pole has penguins.
5．The South Pole has the longest period of total darkness.
6．The South Pole has no inhabitants.
7．The North Pole was reached first by explorers.
8．The South Pole is protected by an international agreement.
●教学流程设计
??
?
??
?
?学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第2－3页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第2页)。?
?
??
?
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第2－3 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页并完成课本第2－4页1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第3－7页), 写一篇介绍某旅游景点的作文。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P2的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3词)
Items Features
The land Antarctica is the 1. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________ place on the earth and holds 90% of the world's ice.98%of the surface is covered with ice.
Plants and
animals There are differen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t types of 2.______，flying birds，seals，and whales.Only 3.________ types of flowering plants are found.
A great place
for researchers There are gases，4._ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______ and rocks which are helpful for scientific research.
The discovery
of Antarctica
Over two thousand years ago 5.______ believed that there was a large land mass in the south.
In 6.______ The great age of exploration began.
In the late 18th century 7.______ crossed the Antarctic Circle.
In 8.______ Carstens Borchg ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )revink was the first person to set foot on its mainland.
In December，1911 Norwegian Roald Amundsen reached 9.______．
Antarctica
Treaty It was signed in 19 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )61，which has made the Antarctica the most successful symbol of man's efforts to cooperate for 10.______.
【答案】 1.coldest 2.peng ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uins 3.two 4.minerals 5.Greek geographers 6.the 15th century 7.James Cook 8.1895 9.the pole 10.progress and peace
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P2的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．How much of the surface is covered permanently in the ice cap
A．90%. B．70%. C．98%.
2．How long does the long Antarctic winter night last
A．12 centuries. B．182 days. C．11 centuries.
3．Why are the Antarctic rocks easy to see
A．Because they are white while the background is black.
B．Because they are black while the background is white.
C．Because they are useful while the background is useless.
4．Who was the first to land on the Antarctic
A．James Cook.
B．Roald Amundsen.
C．Carstens Borchgrevink.
5．What is the aim of the treaty signed in 1961
A．To prevent the commercial and military use of the continent.
B．To prevent the research in the Antarctic.
C．To keep the hunters from killing the penguins.
【答案】 1－5 CBBCA
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
explore，set fo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ot on，treaty，gravity，penguin，survive，trap，extreme，rainfall，permanently
Antarctica，the cold ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )est place on Earth，is the fifth largest continent in the world.The conditions there are quite 1.________ with nearly no 2.________.98 percent of the surface is covered 3.________ by ice and strong winds driven by 4.________ blow from the pole to the coastline.However，it is full of wildlife like the famous 5.________，which can 6.________ its hard conditions.The ice there has become a window on the past with gases and minerals 7.________ in it.It was not until 1895 that the Norwegian 8.________ called Carstens Borchgrevink 9.________ the Antarctic mainland.In 1961，12 countries signed a 10.________ to make it the world's biggest nature reserve.Today scientists from all over the world go there to study its resources and to work together for progress and peace.
【答案】 1.extreme 2.ra ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )infall 3.permanently 4.gravity 5.penguins 6.survive 7.trapped 8.explorer 9.set foot on 10.treaty
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．inhospitable A．happening every year
2．annual B．difficult to stay or live in
3．extreme C．connected with buying and selling
4．adapt D．make suitable to
5．commercial E．not ordinary or usual；serious or severe
6．promote F．contribute to the progress or growth of
【答案】 1.B 2.A 3.E 4.D 5.C 6.F
Ⅱ.短语填空
set foot on，adapt to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，be made up of，on average，close to，stand out，in particular，be full of
1．Her red hair made her quite ________ in the crowd.
2．The new students are very slow to ________ the rules.
3．They work 10 hours a day ________．
4．The overseas are very glad ________ their homeland.
5．What places do you want to see ________？
【答案】 1.stand out 2.ada ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )pt to 3.on average 4.to set foot on 5.in particular
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．With_annual_rain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fall_close_to_zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.
南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。
2．Covering_about_14 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_million_square_kilometres_around_the_South_Pole，it is the fifth largest continent in the word.
南极洲包括南极周围约1 400万平方公里的面积，是世界上第五大洲。
3．Not_until the late ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic circle，but he never saw land.
直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却始终未发现任何陆地。
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语介绍旅游景点的作文，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确应用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
●新课导入建议
I think almost ev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eryone in our class likes travelling.Now I want to ask ××× to share his/her experiences about travelling with us.(老师让×××同学读一读他/她的日记)。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第3－7页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
?
?布置作业。让学生完成课本第5页和第九页的题，完成“课时作业”和预习“Period Ⅲ”(见学案第8－11页)。
1．With_annual_rain ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fall_close_to_zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.(P2)南极洲年降雨量几乎为零，严格来说该区域就是一片荒漠。
该句是简单句。with annual ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rainfall close to zero这是“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构，在句中作状语，此结构不仅作状语还可作定语，其中能作宾补的可以是：介词短语、过去分词、现在分词、形容词、副词或动词不定式。
(1)with＋宾语＋介词短语
The man was wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lking in the street，with a book under his arm.那人在街上走着，腋下夹着一本书。
(2)with＋宾语＋过去分词
In came a man with his hands tied.
一个人进来了，他的手被绑着。
(3)with＋宾语＋现在分词
In part of As ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ia you must not sit with your feet pointing at another person.在亚洲的某些地区，你不可以坐着把脚跷起来对着别人。
(4)with＋宾语＋形容词
He wore a shirt with the neck open.
他穿了一件衬衣，露着脖子。
(5)with＋宾语＋副词
With Smith away，we have got more room.
史密斯走了，我们有了更多的空间。
(6)with＋宾语＋动词不定式
With all this work to do，I don't know if I'll have time to go out.
有这么多工作要做，我不知道是不是有时间出去。
【提示】 如果宾补是动词，表示主动和进行的动作，用现在分词；表示主动和将来的动作，用动词不定式；表示被动和完成了的动作，用过去分词。
完成句子
①有这么多衣服要洗，今天她没有时间去购物。
____________，she can't find time to go shopping today.
②在她需要的东西买好后，那个妇女离开了超市。
____________，the woman left the supermarket.
【答案】 ①With so many clothes to wash ②With all she needed bought
2．Covering_about_14_m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illion_square_kilometres_around_the_South_Pole，it is the fifth largest continent in the world.(P2)南极洲覆盖了南极周围大约1 400万平方千米的面积，是世界第五大洲。
此句中“Covering about...S ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )outh Pole”是动词的－ing形式在句中作状语。分词在句中作状语可以表时间、原因、伴随、结果、方式、条件等。
Hearing the news，they jumped with great joy.(表时间)听到这个消息，他们高兴地跳了起来。
Seeing nobody at home， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )she decided to leave them a note.(表原因)见没人在家，她决定给他们留张字条。
He sat at the desk，reading a newspaper.(表伴随)
他坐在桌前看报。
【提示】 现在分词作结果状语，指自然而然的结果；动词不定式作结果状语，表示出乎意料的结果，常和only连用。
【对接高考】
(2013·北京高考)___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A．Find B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
【解析】 句意：发现这门课程很难 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。
【答案】 B
完成句子
①因为病了，所以他不能来上学。
____________，he can't come to school today.
②由于不知道她的地址，我们没法和她联系。
____________，we couldn't get in touch with her.
【答案】 ①Being ill ②Not knowing her address
3．state n．状态，状况；情形；国家；州；邦；政府
vt.(书面或在演讲中)陈述；声明
Antarctica holds 90% ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of the world's ice，and most of its fresh water(70%) is in a frozen state，of course.(P2)南极洲拥有世界上90%的冰，当然其大部分的淡水(70%)都处于冰冻状态。
The roads are in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )terrible state after the severe winter weather.严冬过后，这些公路的路况极差。
This book states women's rights very clearly.
这本书对女权问题阐述得很清楚。
①in a state of/in a．..state处于……的状态
in state 正式地；隆重地
be in/get into a state处于/陷入激动或紧张的情绪中
②statement n．声明；陈述
The messy garden is in a state of neglect.
这个又脏又乱的花园处于无人管理的状态。
The vice president is in a state of poor health.
副总统健康状况不佳。
The police asked me to make a statement.
警方要求我写一份供述。
state/condition/situation
state 指人或事物存在或所处的状态，这种状态可以是物质的、精神的或健康的，常与介词in搭配，构成in a/an...state短语。
condition 表示人或事物存在或所处的状态时，与 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )state同义，可互换；表示一般、笼统的情况、环境、(生活或工作)条件等，condition用复数，常与介词under搭配。
situation 表示状况、处境、局面、(某个时期的)形势。多指由多种具体情况形成的综合状态。
用condition/state/situation填空
①We are studying international________．
②She is in a good________of mind.
③The________of his health prevented him from working.
【答案】 ①situation ②state ③condition
4．depth n．[C，U]深度；浓度；深；渊博
On average it is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) two kilometres thick，but in some places it reaches a depth of five kilometres.(P2)冰层平均厚度为2 000米，但有些地方的冰层深达5 000米。
The ice is ten feet in depth.
＝The ice is ten feet deep. 冰有十英尺厚。
Mo Yan is a writer of great depth and wisdom.
莫言是一位极具领悟力和创造力的作家。
What's the depth of the well？这口井有多深？
in depth深度；彻底的(地)；深入的(地)
out of/beyond one's depth在深不着底的地方的；力不能及的；无法理解的
deep adj.深的；深入的；强烈的 adv.深深地；深厚地
be deep in 埋头于
deeply深深地
【提示】 deep与deeply两者都可作副词，表示具体的深时，用deep；表示抽象的深时，用deeply。
We will discuss these three questions deeply.
我们将深入地讨论这三个问题。
He pushed his stick deep down into the mud.
他把手杖深深地插进泥里。
完成句子
①探险家们进入丛林深处。
The explorers went ________ into the jungle.
②我深深地敬佩她的勇气。
I ________ respect her courage.
【答案】 ①deep ②deeply
5．imagine vt.想象；设想
It is difficult to imagine a more inhospitable place.(P2)
很难想象地球上还有比南极洲更不适宜居住的地方。
We can't imagine life without water.
我们无法想象没有水的生活。
He imagined that he had heard a strange sound upstairs.他好像听到楼上有奇怪的声音。
I can't imagine my marrying a man of that sort.
我难以想象我会嫁给那种男人。
imagine＋
imaginable adj.充满幻想的；想象的
imaginative adj.富于想象(力)的
imaginary adj.假想的；虚构的
【提示】 imagine后接的宾语是否 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )定意义的从句时，通常要否定转移。I don't imagine that he will come，will he？我猜想他不回来了，是吗？
I can imagine Sarah running her own business.
我能想象出莎拉自己开公司的情景。
I was surprised t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o see the house.I had imagined it to be much bigger.我看见房子时大为惊讶——我原来想象它会大得多。
完成句子
①你能想象我在河里游泳的情形吗？
Can you ____________ in the river
②在那种地方工作，真是难以想象。
It's hard ____________ in a place like that.
③请设想你自己处于他的位置。
Please ____________ in his place.
【答案】 ①imagine my s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wimming ②to imagine working ③imagine yourself(to be)
6．adapt v．(使)适应；(使)适合；改编；改写
Yet Antarctica is f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ull of wildlife，which has adapted to its extreme conditions.(P2)
但南极洲仍然栖息着很多野生生物，它们已经适应了那里极其恶劣的条件。
He tried hard to adapt himself to the new conditions.
他努力使自己适应新的状况。
The author is going to adapt his play for television.
作者将把他的剧本改编成电视剧。
adapt to适应……
①adapt oneself to sth.使自己适应或习惯于某事
adapt sth.to使某事物适应或适合
adapt sth.for sth.把某物改编、改写或改装为……
adapt from根据……改编或改写
②adaptation n．适应；改写本
③adaptable adj.能适应的，可修改的
She adapted herself quickly to the new climate.
她很快地适应了这种新的气候。
Tonight's pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ay has been adapted for radio from the novel by Charles Dickens.
今晚的广播剧是由查尔斯·狄更斯的小说改编的。
完成句子
①他把这本小说改编成了电视剧本。
He________the novel________television.
②你应该尽快地适应新的环境。
You should______________the new environment as soon as possible.
③这部电影是由莫言的小说改编的。
The film ______________ Mo Yan's novel.
【答案】 ①adapted；for ②adapt (yourself) to ③is adapted from
7．on earth在世界上；在人间；到底；究竟
But the long Anta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rctic winter night，which lasts for 182 days(the longest period of continuous darkness on earth)，as well as the extreme cold and lack of rainfall，means that few types of plants can survive there.(P2)
但是南极洲冬季长达182天的夜晚(地球上持续时间最长的黑暗时期)，极度寒冷，降雨量极少，这意味着很少有植物能够在那里生长。
The whale is the largest mammal on earth.
鲸是世界上最大的哺乳动物。
What on earth is the problem？问题究竟是什么？
①on earth作“世界上”解时主要用于含有最高级或类似最高级的句子中，以加强语气。
②on earth作“到底；究竟”解时，常用于否定词或疑问词之后，表示惊奇，愤怒。
③on the earth在地球上
I must be the happiest person on earth.
我一定是世界上最幸福的人．
What on earth is it？这究竟是什么？
完成句子
①我是世上最傻的人。
I'm ________________．
②你究竟为什么向我撒谎？
Why ________________？
【答案】 ①the most foolish person on earth ②on earth did you lie to me
8．be made up of由……组成
The rest of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )plants are made up of mosses，algae and lichen.(P2)其他的植物也就是一些苔藓、海藻以及地衣。
The committee is made up of seven members.
该委员会由7名委员组成。
The museum is made up of three parts.
这个博物馆分三部分。
be made from...由……制成(从制成物中看不出原材料)
be made of...由……制成(从制成物中可看出原材料)
be made in...在某地生产(制造)
be made into...把……制成……
The shoes my fath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er bought for me in America turned out to have been made in China.我爸爸在美国给我买的鞋后来发现是中国造的。
The desk is made of wood.这张桌子是用木头做的。
Glass can be made into many kinds of beautiful things.
玻璃能制成许多种类漂亮的物品。
完成句子
①这辆车是上海造的。
The car ________ Shanghai.
②这把工具是用铁和木头制成的。
This tool ________ iron and wood.
【答案】 ①is made in ②is made of
9．trap vt.储存；留存；使陷入困境；设圈套 n．圈套；陷阱；困境
Gases and minera ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ls，in the form of volcanic dust trapped in the ice，can tell us a lot about what the world's climate was like in past ages.(P2)
这些以火山灰形式封冻进冰层里的气体和矿物质可以告诉我们很多关于远古时期全球气候的状况。
The policeman found some evidence trapped on the wall.
警察发现了留存在墙上的证据。
The two men died ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )when they were trapped in a burning building.两个人被困在燃烧的大楼中死去了。
The teacher's ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) question was a trap for those students who hadn't been paying attention.
老师问的那个问题是为了发现哪些学生没有认真听讲。
①lay/set a trap设圈套
fall into a trap落入圈套
②be trapped in陷入(困境)
③trap sb.into(doing) sth.设圈套诱使某人做某事
She was trapped in the burning house.
她被困在燃烧着的房子里了。
I was trapped into telling the police all I knew.
我中计了，把所知道的一切全都告诉了警察。
Some women see marriage as a trap.
有些妇女把婚姻视作围城。
完成句子
①警察们设下圈套捕捉狡猾的小偷。
The police________ for the clever thief.
②他诱骗我承认事情是我干的。
He trapped me______________I had done it.
【答案】 ①set/laid a trap ②into admitting
10．stand out 显眼；杰出
Since most Anta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rctic rocks are dark in colour，they stand out against the white background and are easy to identify and collect.(P3)因为南极洲的大多数岩石是深色的，所以它们在白色冰雪的映衬下格外显眼，也易于识别和搜集。
I think black letterin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )g will stand out best on a yellow sign.我认为黄色标志上用黑色字体最醒目。
①stand out/against在……的映衬下 显眼，突出
②stand out from卓越，杰出；远远超过
③stand out as出色；杰出；更为重要
Red plums stand out against the white snow.
红梅在白雪的映衬下十分醒目。
She is the sort of person who stands out in a crowd.
她是那种在人群中很显眼的人。
Four points stand ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )out as being more important than the rest.有四点比其余各点更为重要。
Her work stands out from that of others.
他的工作业绩比其他人突出。
【教师备课资源】
stand by 袖手旁观；信守，遵守；支持，忠于
stand for 代表，象征；容忍，忍受；支持，主张
stand in(for)临时代替
stand up for支持，维护，保卫
These bright letters ________ well against a dark background.
A．put out B．stand out
C．hold out D．take out
【解析】 考查动词短语辨 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )析。句意：在黑背景的映衬下，这些明亮的字母格外显眼。put out生产，消除；stand out突出，显眼；hold out伸出；阻止，制止，提供，维持；take out拿出，取出。根据句意，选B。
【答案】 B
11．Not_until ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the late 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.(P3)直到18世纪末，英国探险家詹姆斯·库克才穿越了南极圈，但他却从未发现任何陆地。
not...until的意思是“直到 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )……才”，有时为了加强语气，可将not until提前放在句首，这时句子须用部分倒装语序，即将助动词放在主语的前面。
The noise of the street didn't stop until midnight.
(＝Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.)街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。
但是，如果 not...until连接的是含状语从句的复合句，用于倒装语序时只倒装主句部分，从句部分(即until后面的从句)不倒装。
He didn't arrive until the game had begun.
(＝Not until the game had begun did he arrive.)
直到比赛开始他才来到。
We won't come home until it is dark.
(＝Not until it is dark will we come home.)
我们不到天黑不回家。
【对接高考】
(2013·福建高考)Not unti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l he went through real hardship ________ the love we have for our families is important.
A．had he realized B．did he realize
C．he realized D．he had realized
【解析】 句意：直到他经历了真正的困难， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他才意识到我们对家人的爱的重要性。由题干中句首的关键信息Not until可知此处要用部分倒装，排除C、D两项；而A项用了过去完成时，表示“realize表示的动作发生在从句谓语went through表示的动作之前”，这显然不合逻辑，所以排除A项；而B项无论从语序还是从时态上讲，都是非常正确的。
【答案】 B
句型转换
①They won't come home until it is dark.
→Not until it is dark ____________．
②She didn't go to bed until her mother came back.
→Not until her mother came back ____________．
【答案】 ①will they come home ②did she go to bed
12．set foot on进入；到达；踏上
Then in 1895，a Norw ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )egian called Carstens Borchgrevink became the first man to set foot on the Antarctic mainland.(P3)后来在1895年，一个叫卡斯腾·博克格雷温克的挪威人成为第一个踏上南极大陆的人。
The overseas are very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glad to set foot on their homeland.侨居海外的人们非常高兴地踏上祖国的土地。
He is the first man to set foot on the moon.
他是第一个登上月球的人。
set foot in进入；涉足
struggle to one's feet挣扎着站起来
on foot步行
stand on one's own feet自力
rise to one's feet站起来
keep one's feet站稳；不跌倒
put your foot in your mouth说错话
She said she would never set foot in that house again.
她说她再也不愿进入那所房子了。
Since you have ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )grown up，you should stand on your own feet.既然你已经长大了，你应该自力。
I have wanted to________the ship ever since it was built.
A．set foot on B．set feet on
C．set a foot on D．set my feet on
【解析】 句意：自从这艘船建成后，我一直想登上它。set foot on踏上。
【答案】 A
13．promote vt.提升；晋升；促进；增进；促销；推广
In particular，it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aims to keep Antarctica free from nuclear tests and radioactive waste；to promote international scientific projects；and to end arguments about who owns the land.(P3)该条约尤其致力于保护南极洲不受核试验以及放射性废物的污染，推进国际科研项目，并且终止那些关于这片土地所有权的争论。
He has been promoted to general manager.
他已被提升为总经理。
The Prime Mini ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ster's visit will promote the cooperation between the two countries.
首相的访问将促进两国间的合作。
promotion n．提升；晋级
promote sb.from A to B把某人从A职位晋升到B职位
be promoted to...被升为……
get/win/gain promotion得到/争取晋升
Our teacher has been promoted to headmaster.
我们的老师已经被提升为校长了。
I want a job with good promotion prospects.
我想要一份有良好提升机会的工作。
用promote的适当形式填空
①The organization works to________friendship between nations.
②The company________the sales of this new product on television.
③He got________because of his special contributions to the company.
【答案】 ①promote ②is promoting ③promotion
Period ⅢIntegrating skills & Grammar
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够知道什么可以做主语和动词的用法。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生正确 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第8－9页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?
?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
?
??
?
布置作业。让学生完成课本第11页和13页的题，预习学案Period Ⅳ (见学案第11－14页)。?
1．But when land came_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )into_sight，the Endurance became trapped in the ice and began to break_up．(P7)但当人们看见陆地时，“耐力”号却被困在冰中，并开始解体。
(1)come into sight进入人们的视线；出现
Some low houses covere ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d with white snow came into sight.眼前出现了一些平房，房顶上覆盖着白雪。
Soon the truck came into sight around a bend.
不一会卡车就出现在一个拐弯处。
catch sight of 突然看到(注意到)
at first sight 初见，乍看
in/within sight 在视野内，看得见
out of sight 在视野外，看不见
lose sight of看不见；忽略，失去……的音信
Out of sight，out of mind.眼不见，心不烦。
at the sight of一看见……就……
The house was out of sight behind a wall.
房子被墙遮住，看不见了。
She let out a cry of surprise at the sight of the snake.
她一见到蛇，就发出惊异的叫喊声。
完成句子
①绿色的田野展现在眼前。
The green fields ________________．
②胜利在望。
Victory is ________________．
③我看到公共汽车的后面有一个空座位。
I ________________ an empty seat at the back of the bus.
【答案】 ①came into sight ②in sight ③caught sight of
(2)break up粉碎；分解；散开；驱散；终止；结束；衰弱
There was a danger of the ship breaking up completely.
那艘船有完全解体的危险。
Police had to break up the crowd.
警察不得不驱散人群。
break down 出故障；精神崩溃，身体垮掉；(使)分解；失败
break into 闯入，突然开始……；打断，打扰
break in闯入，强行进入；打断，插嘴
break through突破，突围
break out爆发，突然发生
break off (使)折断；中断，中止
Her health broke down under the pressure of work.
她因工作压力身体垮了。
Please don't br ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eak in when others are talking with each other.别人谈话时，请不要插嘴。
写出下列句子中break up的含义
④He was breaking_up under the strain.________
⑤The meeting broke_up without any agreement.________
⑥My girlfriend has broken_up_with me.________
⑦They broke_up_into small groups.________
【答案】 ④衰弱 ⑤结束 ⑥与……关系破裂 ⑦散开；驱散
2．When they reached th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e island，Shackleton came_up_with an idea—it was a risk but he would have to take it.
他们抵达小岛后，沙克尔顿想出个主意——这是一场冒险，但他却不得不试一试。
(1)come up with想出；提出(主意，计划，回答等)
Is that the best excuse you can come up with
那就是你能想出的最好的借口吗？
I have come up with a good idea.
我想出了一个好主意。
come across 偶遇，偶然发现
come up to比得上，达到(预期标准)
come about 发生，产生
come out 显露，泄露；出版，发行；(照片)冲印
come to oneself 苏醒过来
She came acro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss a dollar bill in the box she was sending to the cleaner.
她在一个她正要送给清洁工的盒子里发现了一美元。
How did it co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me about that you were an hour late on such a short journey
在如此短的行程内你怎么会发生迟到一小时的事呢？
完成句子
①她想出一种新的教学方法。
She ____________ a new method of teaching just now.
②当醒来的时候，他发现自己在医院里。
When he ____________，he found himself in hospital.
【答案】 ①came up with ②came to himself
(2)risk n．危险，风险，冒险 v．冒……的危险；使……冒风险
That's a risk I'm not prepared to take.
我不愿意去冒这个险。
She was risking her own and her children's health.
她在使她自己和孩子们的健康遭受危险。
risk sth.冒……的危险
risk doing sth.冒险做某事
at/run the risk of(doing)sth.冒着做某事的危险
at one's own risk自担风险
Are you prepared t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o risk travelling without an armed guard？你准备冒险不带武装警卫出行吗？
The whole future of the company is at risk.
公司的整个前途受到威胁。
完成句子
③他们知道自己冒着被捕的危险。
They knew they ________．
④他冒着生命的危险去救那个孩子。
He went to save the child ________．
【答案】 ③risked being arrested ④at the risk of his life
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会一下什么可充当主语。
①During the 1990，Ame ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rican_country_music had become more and more popular.
20世纪90年代，美国乡村音乐越来越流行。
②It happened so q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uickly and everyone was in a state of shock.事情发生得如此迅速，每个人都震惊了。
③One－third_of_the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_students have finished their homework while the others haven't.
三分之一的学生完成了作业而其他的人还没有完成。
④In new China，the_old are leading a happy life.
在新中国，老年人过着幸福的生活。
⑤To_see is to believe.眼见为实。
⑥Watching_TV_too_much is bad for your eyes.
看电视太多对你的眼睛没好处。
⑦Whether_he_will_come_or_not doesn't matter.
他是否会来并不重要。
[自我总结] 通过观察上面的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )例句可知，________、________、________、________、________、________、________可作主语。
【答案】 名词；代词；数词；名词化的形容词；不定式；动名词；从句。
一、主语
主语是一句话的中心。主语通常是由 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )一个起名词作用的成分担任的。主语由名词、代词、the＋形容词、数词或者相当于名词的不定式、动名词或从句充当。
词类 例句
名词 The news is exciting.
名词化的形
容词 The disabled are well cared for in our country.
代词 None of us believed what he said.
数词 One－third of the work has been finished.
不定式 To decide is to act.(决定即行动。)
动名词 Watching a film is a pleasure；making one is hard work.
从句 Whether he will come is unknown.
【提示】 不定式、动名词和主语从句作主语时，习惯上用it充当形式主语，把真正的主语放于句末。
It's a pity that you should have to leave.
你非走不可真是件憾事。
It is an honor to be here with you.
能与你一起在这儿很荣幸。
二、动词
动词按照在句中的功能可分为谓语动词和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )非谓语动词。实义动词、系动词等都可在句中作谓语。谓语动词除了在人称和数上与主语保持一致外，还有各种时态和语态的变化。
1．动词的分类
动词的分类 用法
实义动词
及物动词 一般情况下，其后要跟宾语，意思才完整 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，如teach，do，expect，hear，learn等；pass，buy，offer，hand等跟双宾语；make，find，think，consider等跟复合宾语
不及物动词 动词之后不能跟宾语，如arrive，come，die，rise，get，happen，exist，talk，work，swim等
系动词 通常要加上表语，否则意义不完整，如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )be，become，keep，remain，stay，lie，stand，seem，appear，look，feel，smell，taste，sound，grow，turn，get，go等
情态动词 后接动词原形，与其一起构成谓语，本身 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )具有词义，如can/could，will/would，shall/should，may/might，need，dare，must等
助动词 用来构成各种时态和语态，本身无具体词义，如do，have，be，shall，will，would等
2.动词的时态
时态种类
构成
现在 过去 将来 过去将来
一般时态 除第三人称单数一般在动词后加－s/－es外，其他用动词原形 动词的过去式 shall/will＋动词原形 should/would＋动词原形
进行时态 am/is/are＋现在分词 was/were＋现在分词 shall/will＋be＋现在分词 should/would＋be＋现在分词
完成时态 have/has＋过去分词 had＋过去分词 shall/will＋have＋过去分词 should/would＋have＋过去分词
完成进行时态 have/has＋been＋现在分词 had＋been＋现在分词
3．动词的语态
(1)被动语态的构成
主动语态 主语(动作执行者) 谓语(及物动词) 宾语(动作的承受者)
被动语态 主语(动作的承受者) 谓语(be＋过去分词) by＋宾语(动作执行者)
(2)被动语态的结构
时态 被动语态
一般现在时 am/is/are＋过去分词
一般过去时 was/were＋过去分词
一般将来时 will/shall＋be＋过去分词
过去将来时 would/should＋be＋过去分词或
was/were going to be＋过去分词
现在进行时 am/is/are being＋过去分词
过去进行时 was/were being＋过去分词
现在完成时 has/have been＋过去分词
过去完成时 had been＋过去分词
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·江西高考)________can be good at something for 40 years if he doesn't love it.
A．Anybody B．Everybody
C．Nobody D．Somebody
【解析】 句意：没有人能40年来做好某件事，如果他不喜欢的话。由语境可知nobody合适。
【答案】 C
2．(2013·新课标全国卷Ⅱ)We________very early so we packed the night before.
A．leave B．had left
C．were leaving D．have left
【解析】 句意：我们很早 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________，因此我们前一天晚上就把东西打包了。根据从句中的packed可知此处应用过去的时态，所以排除A、D两项。根据常识及句意可知，pack要发生在leave之前，所以排除B项had left(表示“过去的过去”)。此题用过去进行时态表示将来。
【答案】 C
3．(2013·湖南高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )If nothing________， the oceans will turn into fish deserts.
A．does B．had been done
C．will do D．is done
【解析】 句意：如果什么措施都不 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )采取的话，海洋将会变成鱼类的沙漠。根据“主将从现”的原则，即主句为一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，再根据语境可知此处应用被动语态，故答案为D。
【答案】 D
4．(2012·课标全国卷)I h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad been working on math for the whole afternoon and the numbers ________ before my eyes.
A．swim B．swum
C．swam D．had swum
【解析】 句意：整个下午我都在做数学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )题，众多数字在我眼前晃来晃去。本题中的误导信息是had been working on，这是过去完成进行时态，部分考生会受其误导选择D项，但是这里应用swam陈述过去的事实，所以应选择C项。
【答案】 C
5．(2012·山东高考)Afte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r Jack had sent some e－mails，he ________ working on his project.
A．had started B．has started
C．started D．starts
【解析】 由题干知After Jack ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) had sent some e－mails为after引导的时间状语从句，故后半句为主句。根据题干中的关键信息had sent(过去完成时)可推知start这一动作发生在had sent之后，故应该用一般过去时。句意：杰克发了一些电子邮件后就开始致力于他的计划。
【答案】 C
6．(2011·天津高考)In ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the last few years thousands of films________all over the world.
A．have produced B．have been produced
C．are producing D．are being produced
【解析】 句意：在过去的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )几年时间里，全世界制作了成千上万部电影。in the last few years在过去的几年时间里，其实是从过去算到现在，是现在完成时的标志。
【答案】 B
7．(2011·四川高考)All visitors to this village________with kindness.
A．treat B．are treated
C．are treating D．had been treated
【解析】 句意：所有到这个村子的来访者都 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会受到善意的接待。表示经常性或习惯性的动作，用一般现在时。来访者与招待存在着被动关系。由于没有交代过去时间，had been treated过去的过去不能用。因此选B。
【答案】 B
8．(2011·天津高考)I__ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )______a bank account after I made D|S1，000 by doing a part－time job during the summer vacation.
A．borrowed B．opened
C．entered D．ordered
【解析】 句中主要考查哪一个动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )可以与a bank account搭配。据后边所说在本人通过打零工挣得1 000美元后，应推断出是在银行“开”了一个账户。open开立、开设；enter进入；borrow借入；order订购，命令。
【答案】 B
9．________ makes this shop different is that it offers more personal services.
A．What B．Who
C．Whatever D．Whoever
【解析】 考查名词性从句作主语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。句意：使这个商店与众不同的地方在于这个商店提供更多的个人服务。本题中是从句作主语，从句中又缺少主语，同时又接了一个that引导的表语从句，根据句子意思，可以得出答案为A。
【答案】 A
10.(2012·北京高考)—Have you heard about that fire in the market
—Yes，fortunately no one ________．
A．hurt B．was hurt
C．has hurt D．had been hurt
【解析】 句意：——你听说市场 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的那场火灾了吗？——听说了，幸好没有人受伤。本题考查动词的时态和语态。句中主语no one与谓语动词之间为被动关系，故排除A项和C项。火灾发生在过去，因此选择一般过去时的被动语态，故选择B项。D项为过去完成时，表示动作发生在过去的过去，与语境时间不符。
【答案】 B
Ⅱ.用所给词的适当形式填空
1．His family________(watch) TV now.
2．There________(be) a meeting this afternoon.
3．Neither the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents nor the teacher________(attend) the lecture this evening.
4．I，who________(be) your good friend，will try my best to help you.
5．Around the corner________(be) several small shops.
6．Not all the means________(be) useful.
7．You________(finish) your homework，haven't you
8．A position________(offer) to him then.
9．Five cars________(repair) so far.
10．He can't ________(depend) upon.
【答案】 1.are watching ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2.will be 3.is going to attend/will attend 4.am 5.are 6.are 7.have finished
8．was offered 9.have been repaired 10.be depended
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)学会如何用英语介绍一个旅游景点。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是介绍旅游景点，这是高考作文中常见的写作题材。介绍某地的写作方法在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
●新课导入建议
随着旅游业的发展，越来越多的外国 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人到我国来旅游。作为东道主，我们应热情地把我们国家的名胜介绍给外国友人，那么我们该如何介绍旅游景点呢？通过对本文的学习，我们就会对此有所了解。
●教学流程设计
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Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P13课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．Marco Polo made friends with Kubla Khan when he came to China.( )
2．All the people th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ought Marco Polo was telling the truth about his voyage.( )
3．It is certain that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) Marco Polo introduced spaghetti and ice cream from China to the West.( )
【答案】 1.T 2.F 3.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P11课文，选择最佳答案
1．The South Pole is safe ________．
A．as long as you take precautions to protect yourself
B．because it's at 3，000－4，000 metres high
C．because it's the calmest place on Earth
2．The scientific station ________．
A．is surprisingly luxurious
B．is cosy but ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has some restrictions on personal lifestyle，such as a shortage of water
C．provides perfect accommodations for long－term visitors
3．The ceremonial Pole is probably ________．
A．the place which explorers first claimed as the true South Pole
B．the place from where all routes lead North
C．close to t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he scientific station，which is situated on a platform of ice，3，000－4，000 metres high
4．The sentence“sunri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )se and sunset come once every six months”means ________．
A．each day and night lasts six months
B．there's daylight ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )for six months，then darkness for another six months
C．there's so little to do that a day seems to last six months
【答案】 1.A 2.B 3.C 4.B
1．glare n．刺眼的光
Because the South P ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ole is a high altitude site，the glare of the sunlight here is very intense.(P11)因为南极是一个高海拔的地方，所以这儿阳光非常强烈。
He had to wear s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unglasses because of the glare of the sun.因为阳光刺眼，他只好戴墨镜。
These sunglasses are designed to reduce glare.
这些太阳镜是为减少刺眼的强光而设计的。
The sun is glaring right in my eyes.
太阳光晃着我的眼睛了。
glare v．怒目而视；闪耀 n．显眼；怒目而视
glare at怒视
give sb.a glare怒视某人
They stood there，glaring at each other.
他们站在那里，互相怒视着对方。
He didn't shout；he just glared at me silently.
他没有喊叫，只是默默地怒视着我。
glare/stare
glare v.怒目而视；闪耀 n．强光；怒目而视
stare v.凝视；盯着看 n．凝视
My brother was glaring at the dog.我弟弟瞪着那条狗。
He stared at the picture for a long time.
这幅画他盯着看了很久。
完成句子
①The little child __________________(盯着玩具)in the shop－window.
②Don't____________________(瞪着我)like that；you deserve the scolding.
【答案】 ①stared at the toys ②glare at me
2．absence n．缺席；不在；缺乏；不存在
Sunrise and s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )unset come once every six months，and in the winter the total absence of daylight can be tiresome，and for some，depressing.(P11)
日出和日落每6个月才有一次，并且在冬天，整天不见阳光的日子很令人心烦并且有一些令人感到抑郁。
His long absence raised fears about his safety.
他长期不在引起了大家对他安全的担心。
In the absence of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) firm evidence the prisoner was set free.因缺乏确凿的证据，囚犯被释放了。
①absence of mind心不在焉；魂不守舍
during/in sb.'s absence在(某人)不在时
②absent adj.缺席的，缺少的
be absent from缺席……
③absent vt.缺席，不参加
Tom will be in charge during my absence.
我不在时，由汤姆来负责。
She was often absent from Chinese classes.
她经常不上语文课。
He absented himself from the meeting on purpose.
他故意不到会。
【教师备课资源】
absence的反义词为presence；absent的反义词为present
完成句子
①因为心不在焉，他犯了许多拼写错误。
He made a lot of spelling mistakes because of his______________．
②史密斯因为生病没来上学。
Smith__________________because he was ill.
【答案】 ①absence of mind ②was absent from school
3．discourage vt.使某人失去信心；使某人泄气；设法阻止
We discourage ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )you from smoking except in specific areas.(P11)除了某些特别的地方，我们不鼓励你吸烟。
Don't discourage her.She is trying to do the best.
别给她泄气。她正尽力做好呢。
He is never discouraged by difficulties.
他从没有因困难而灰心丧气。
①discouraged adj.感到泄气的
②discouraging adj.令人泄气的
③discourage sb.from doing劝阻某人做某事
④encourage vt.鼓励
encourage sb.to do sth.鼓励某人做某事
His failure in the exam discouraged him.
在考试中不及格使他丧失了信心。
The doctor has discouraged him from smoking.
医生劝他戒掉烟了。
完成句子
①She did not allow her failure in the exam__________(使她泄气)．
②Learners can __________(感到很没信心)if an exercise is too difficult.
【答案】 ①to discourage her ②feel very discouraged
4．in case of以防(表示目的)；如果；假使(表示条件)
Medical assistance ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is available in case of an emergency.(P11)如有紧急情况会有医疗援助。
You'd better take your umbrella in case of rain.
你最好带把伞以防下雨。
I have kept a reserve fund in case of accidents.
我已筹备了一笔准备基金以防不测。
in case[＋从句]假使；以防(万一)
in any case在任何情况下
in no case在任何情况下都不(置于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
This is not the case.情况不是这样。
In case it rains，do not expect me.
如果天下雨，就不要指望我来了。
In no case should I give up.
在任何情况下我都不应该放弃。
完成句子
①她再三解释，生怕我们误解她。
She explained again a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd again________________we should misunderstand her.
②无论如何，你要交还从图书馆里借的书。
________________________，turn in the books you borrowed from the library.
③若遇火情，立即按铃示警。
__________________fire，ring the alarm bell at once.
【答案】 ①in case ②In any case ③In case of
5．set off 动身；使……爆炸；使……开始做
He set off with his fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ther and uncle on a 25－year journey to mysterious，distant lands that most people in Europe have never heard of.(P13)
他跟随父亲和叔叔进行了一次长达25年的旅行，游历了大多数欧洲人闻所未闻的神秘而遥远的地方。
He set off early to avoid the traffic.
他动身很早以避开交通拥堵。
His speech set off a wave of anger.
他的演讲引起一阵怒潮。
set out出发；安排；着手做，评述
set out to do sth.开始/打算/着手做某事
set about doing sth.着手做某事
set an example to sb.为某人树立榜样
set aside留出；搁置
set up建立，成立
Lei Feng set a good example to all of us.
雷锋给我们大家树立了好榜样。
Try to set asid ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e at least an hour each day for learning new vocabulary.争取每天抽出1小时学习新词汇。
【对接高考】
(2013·湖北高考)In much o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f the animal world, night is the time________for sleep—pure and simple.
A．set aside B．set down
C．set off D．set up
【解析】 这里pure and ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )simple表示“完全，不折不扣”，用来指某事只有唯一的原因。这里用set aside表示“留出，拨出(时间等)”，表示这段时间就是用来睡觉的。set down“写下”；set off“出发，引起”；set up“建立”。句意：在大多数动物世界里，夜晚就是完全用来睡觉的时间。
【答案】 A
完成句子
①Opening this door will ________(拉响)the alarm.
②The president ________(着手)dealing with the problem.
③They ________(动身)on the last stage of their journey.
【答案】 ①set off ②set about ③set out
6．While_on_th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eir_journey buying and selling spices，silks and jewels，they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth，Kubla Khan.(P13)
在旅途中他们买卖香料、丝绸和珠宝，并与世界上最具影响力的人中的一位——忽必烈汗结为朋友。
while on their jou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rney是状语从句的省略形式，其完整形式是while they are on their journey。如果状语从句的主语是it或与主句的主语一致，且从句的谓语含有be动词，那么可以将从句的主语连同be动词一起省略。
When sleeping，I never hear anything.
睡觉时我什么都听不见。
If (it is) nec ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )essary，you can turn to your teacher for help.如果有必要你可以向老师求助。
Every evening after ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dinner，if not________from work，I will spend some time walking my dog.
A．being tired B．tiring
C．tired D．to be tired
【解析】 if not tired from work为条件状语从句if I am not tired from work的省略形式。
【答案】 C
谈论人物
1．When and where was he or she born
2．Where does/did he or she come from
3．How old was he or she when...
4．What job does/did he or she have
5．What does/did he or she do every morning
6．Why did he join...
7．What do you feel about him or her
1．(2013·山东高考)—How far can you run without stopping
—________．I've never tried.
A．Don't mention it B．That's all right
C．I have no idea D．Go ahead
【解析】 句意：——“你不停 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )地跑，能跑多远？”——“我不知道。我从未试过。”通过对话中的关键信息“I've never tried.”可知答话者并不知道自己能跑多远，C项“我不知道”符合句意。A项意为“不客气，不用谢”，用来回答别人的道谢；B项意为“没什么；不要紧；不用谢”，用来回答别人的道歉或道谢；D项意为“继续；说/用/拿/看吧”，用来表示允许对方做某事，这三项均不符合句意。
【答案】 C
2．—What do you feel about your grandfather
—He is ________ and often makes us laugh.
A．energetic B．humourous
C．friendly D．serious
【解析】 此题谈论的是人的性格，根据．..often makes us laugh可知，此空应填humourous。
【答案】 B
如何介绍旅游景点
介绍一个旅游景点，就是对其大致状况进行描述，向人们展示该地方的地貌特征、风土人情、历史文化等。写此类文章应注意以下几点：
1．内容一般包括该地方的位置、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )面积、人口、历史、气候、特产等。也可以适当地融入人文风貌，简单介绍当地的文化遗址、民间风俗及有趣的生活方式等。但是一定要抓住该地方的主要特色，这样才能给读者留下深刻的印象。
2．要遵循一定的写作顺序。描述该地方 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的位置时，首先要找好中心点，再由近及远，也可以先整体后局部，或按照一定时间层次或空间层次。描述时可以适当使用过渡性连接词。
3．可以适当运用比喻句式。形象的比喻可以给读者展示一幅生动的画面。
4．常用短语和句式：
be located/situat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed in；lie in...；be surrounded by...；be bordered on the north by；to the east of；
It covers an area of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )about/over...square kilometres；Its area is...square kilometres；
It has a population of about/over...；Its population is...；
It has a history of about...years；
The climate is pl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )easant.The average temperature is...；The coldest months are...；
be famous/well－know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n as/for...；be rich in(mineral resources including...)
假设你是李华，你的新西兰笔友Ni ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck将于八月来四川旅游，特来信询问有关旅游景点情况。请根据下表所提供的要点，写一封回信，并表示盼望他的到来。
旅游资源 许多著名的世界风景名胜，如九寨沟(海 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )子；清澈见底；色彩斑斓；)都江堰水利工程(2 000多年历史；仍在发挥作用)，以及震后重建的汶川地震博物馆等。
相关信息 气候适宜；交通方便
注意：1.词数120个左右。
2．可根据内容要点适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
参考词汇：省份province；海子lake；都江堰水利工程Du Jiangyan Irrigation Project
[思路点拨]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
一、注意回信的格式及称谓。
二、主要内容是谈旅游景点的情况。
三、最后要表示盼望他的到来。
[词汇热身]
1．名胜古迹________________________
2．在某方面起到重要作用________________________
3．旅游景点________________________
4．便利的交通________________________
5．富含________________________
6．渴望________________________
【答案】 1.a plac ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e of interest 2.play an important part in 3.tourist attractions 4.convenient transportations 5.be rich in 6.look forward to
[句式温习]
1．你到这儿来旅游是你明智的选择。
You've made the wise choice ____________ here.
2．九寨沟以海子而著称，水清见底，色彩斑斓。
Jiuzhaigou is well kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn for its beautiful lakes, __________ the water is clear and looks colorful.
3．此外，良好的气候和便利的交通条件会使您的旅行更加愉快。
Besides，the nice weather and convenient transportation here ________．
4．我渴望你的到来。
I'm looking forward to your ____________．
【答案】 1.to travel 2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of which 3.can make your trip more enjoyable 4.coming
[连句成篇]
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Dear Nick，
I'm glad to hear th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at you're coming to Sichuan in August.You've made the wise choice to travel here.Sichuan Province is rich in tourist attractions and enjoys many world－famous places of interest，such as Jiuzhaigou and Du Jiangyan Irrigation Project.
Jiuzhaigou is well kno ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )wn for its beautiful lakes，of which the water is clear and looks colorful.It can excite visitors' imagination.Another attraction is Du Jiangyan Irrigation Project，which was built over 2，000 years ago and is still playing an important part in irrigation today.And the newly－built Wenchuan Earthquake Museum can make all the people present call for that breathtaking moment.Besides，the nice weather and convenient transportation here can make your trip more enjoyable.I'm sure you'll have a good time.
I'm looking forward to your coming.
Yours sincerely，
Li Hua
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ adj.每年的
2．________ n．深度
3．________ adj.荒凉的；不适宜居住的
4．________ v．适应
5．________ adj.极端的
6．________ v．使平衡
7．________ n．条约
8．________ adj.商业的
9．________ v．使陷入困境
10．________ adj.艰难的；艰巨的
11．________ adj.轻便的
12．________ adj.适中的；谦虚的
13．________ n．宿舍
14．________ n．紧急情况
15．________ adj.脆弱的；易碎的
16．________ n．荣幸
【答案】 1.annual 2.depth 3.inhospitable 4.adapt
5．extreme 6.balance 7.treaty 8.commercial
9．trap 10.sev ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ere 11.portable 12.modest 13.dormitory 14.emergency 15.fragile 16.privilege
B．词汇拓展
17．________ n．探险者→________ v．探险；勘查→________ n．勘察
18．________ v．促进；增进→________ n．提升
19．________ adj.不正常的→________ adj.正常的
20．________ n．缺乏；不存在→________ adj.缺席的
21．________ adj.令人沮丧的→________ adj.沮丧的→________ v．使沮丧→________ n．沮丧
22．________ v．打消……的念头→________ adj.令人失去信心的→________n．泄气→________ v．鼓励
23．________ n．可靠性→______ v．依靠；依赖→________ adj.可靠的
24．________n．鼓舞；灵感→________ adj.令人鼓舞的→________ v．激励；鼓舞
【答案】 17.explo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rer；explore；exploration 18.promote；promotion 19.abnormal；normal 20.absence；absent 21.depressing；depressed；depress；depression 22.discourage；discouraging；discouragement；encourage 23.reliability；rely；reliable 24.inspiration；inspiring；inspire
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．____________ 平均
2．____________ 适应
3．____________ 由……组成
4．____________ 显眼；醒目；杰出
5．____________ 踏上；进入
6．____________ come into sight
7．____________ come up with
8．____________ keep one's promise
9. ____________ discourage sb.from doing sth.
10．____________ in detail
【答案】 1.on average 2.ad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )apt to 3.be made up of 4.stand out 5.set foot on/in 6.进入视野；看见
7．想出 8.信守诺言 9.打消某人做某事的念头 10.详细地
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成句子
11．This issue will be discussed ________ in the next chapter.
12．Have you ever ________ the hunting area in the forest
13．The red flowers ________ against the white snow.
14．When the famous tower ________ at last，we all jump with joy.
15．All of a sudden，she ________ a good idea.
【答案】 11.in detail 12.set foot in/on 13.stand out
14．came into sight 15.came up with
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．With_annual_rainfal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l_close_to_zero，Antarctica is technically a desert.
【句子仿写】 他喜欢开着窗户睡觉。
________________________________________________________________________
2．Covering_about 14 m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illion square kilometres around the South Pole，it is the fifth largest continent in the world.
【句子仿写】 希望得到更多的信息，她给我发了一份电子邮件。
________________________________________________________________________
3．Not_until the la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )te 18th century did the British explorer James Cook cross the Antarctic Circle，but he never saw land.
【句子仿写】 街上的噪音一直到午夜才停止。
________________________________________________________________________
4．While_on_their_jo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )urney buying and selling spices，silks and jewels they befriend one of the most powerful men on Earth，Kubla Khan.
【句子仿写】 在美国的时候他研究医学。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 1.He likes to sleep with the windows open.
2．Hoping to get more information，she sent me an e－mail.
3．Not until midnight did the noise of the street stop.
4．While in the USA，he studied medicine.