【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版选修八教师用书Module 2　The Renaissance

Module 2　The Renaissance
【美文阅读】
达·芬奇16世纪创作的不朽名画《蒙娜丽莎 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )》中的女子一直充满着神秘的色彩。前不久，法国一位艺术家提出了新的见解。现在让我们一起来看看是怎么回事吧！
Mona Lisa，the mysteri ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ous woman in Leonardo da Vinci's 16th century masterpiece，had just given birth to her second son when she sat for the painting，a French art expert said on Tuesday.The discovery was made by a team of Canadian scientists who used special technology to peer(仔细看)through the paint layers on the work，which now sits in the Louvre museum in Paris.
One of the researcher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s said that on very close examination of the painting it became clear that the Mona Lisa's dress was covered in a thin transparent gauze veil(薄纱)．“This type of dress...was typical of the kind worn in early 16th century Italy by women who were pregnant or who had just given birth.This is something that had never been seen up to now because the painting was always judged to be dark and difficult to examine，”he told a news conference.
He also said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that，contrary to popular belief，the subject had not let her hair hang freely but in fact wore a bonnet from which only a few curls managed to escape.“People always wrote that Mona Lisa had allowed her hair to hang freely over her shoulders.This greatly surprised historians because letting your hair hang freely during the Renaissance was typical of young girls and women of poor virtue，”he said.
The team had hoped ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to discover more details about Leonardo's painting technique，which the artist used to create a hazy(朦胧的)effect.But scientist John Taylor said the team had been frustrated by the lack of brush stroke detail on the painting.
【诱思导学】
1．When did Mona Lisa sit for the painting according to the passage
________________________________________________________________________
2．What was the popular belief about the painting Mona Lisa
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.After she had j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust given birth to her second son.　2.Mona Lisa had allowed her hair to hang freely over her shoulders.
Period ⅠPreviewing
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )所给出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本模块是关于文艺复兴时期 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的内容。通过本节的教学，让学生了解文艺复兴的含义、背景知识及其成就，体会文艺复兴在人类文明发展历程中的重要意义，感悟文艺复兴时期人文主义的时代价值。通过感知形成对文艺复兴时期人文主义的认识与价值判断。
●新课导入建议
选取概括欧洲文艺复兴以及欧洲文艺复兴杰 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出人物达芬奇的相关资料给学生看，让学生了解达芬奇的同时，更好地理解文艺复兴，而且能扩大视野，提高学习兴趣。
What do you know about the Renaissance
Where is the birthplace of the Renaissance
What is believed to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting during the Renaissance
Can you say something about it
…
●教学流程设计
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?学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第16－17页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第17页)。?
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老师布置作业，让学生看课本第3－4 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页并完成1、2、3、4、5、题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第18－21页), 写一篇关于去艺术博物馆旅游的日记。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P16－17的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3词)
The
1.______ of the Renaissance
Para.1 The Renaissance refe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs to 14thto 16thcentury 2.________ and the development of art，architecture，music and literature there.The famous painting，the Mona Lisa，is a good example of the Renaissance 3.________．
Para.2 Renaissance means“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )4.______”in French，and it was used to show that the Europeans had woken up after their long sleep in the long Middle Ages.
The background of the Renaissance Para.3. International trade ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) made the Europeans richer，so they had extra money to 5.________ on theatre
Achieveme－nts of the Renaissance
Para.4 Renaissance art ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ists found new ideas for their work in classical 6.________
Para.5 The sense of 7.________ moti－vated the artists with a new type of philosophy and they put 8.________ at the center of the universe.
Para.6. The Renaissance was a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) time of 9.________．Da Vinci was one of the skilled inventors at that time.
Para.7 Da Vinci，who w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as interested in many things and had many different talents，was a good example of“10.________”.
【答案】　1.meaning　2.Italy　3.spirit　4.rebirth
5．spend　6.Greece and Rome　7.exploration　8.people
9．scientific invention　10.Renaissance man
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P16－17的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．Why was the Renaissance given this name
A．Because of the developments in art，music and literature etc.
B．Because it has the concept of “rebirth”．
C．Because of Mona Lisa.
2．What's the general idea of the passage
A．The sense of exploration.
B．A time of scientific invention.
C．The meaning of Renaissance，the representative figure and works.
3．How many years did Leonardo da Vinci spend painting the Mona Lisa
A．10 years.　　　B．3 years.　　　C．2 years.
4．How did philosophy change at that time
A．Religion was put at the centre of the universe.
B．Art，architecture， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )music and literature were put at the centre of the universe.
C．People were put at the centre of the universe.
5．What made the Renaissance possible
A．better living conditions
B．international business
C．a change in climate
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.B　4.C　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
afford，instead，scie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ntific，drawing，talent，rebirth，arrival，wake up，spread，trade
The Renaissance is F ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rench word meaning 1.______．This word was used to describe a period in European history which began with the 2.________ of the first Europeans in America.It was as if Europe was 3.________ after the long sleep of the Middle Ages.From Italy，the idea of the Renaissance rapidly 4.________ to France，Germany，England and the rest of Europe.5.________ made people get richer.It became easier for artists to find people who could 6.________ to buy their works or employ them.
During that time，peopl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e developed a type of philosophy.For the first time，humans were put in the center of the Universe 7.________ of God.The renaissance was also a time of 8.________ invention.
Leonardo was also ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a skilled inventor.He had many detailed 9.________ of machines，such as airplanes，parachutes，submarines and tanks.He was really an extraordinary genius with so many different 10.________．
【答案】　1.rebirth　2.arrival　3.waking up　4.spread
5．Trade　6.afford　7.instead　8.scientific　9.drawings
10．talents
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．disturbing　　A．som ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ething selected by an artist or photographer for graphic representation
2．subject B．causing worry or anxiety
3．dull C．to make someone want to achieve something
4．shade D．at bottom or by one's(or its)very nature
5．motivate E．having or showing or requiring special skill
6．skilled F．protect ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ive covering that protects something from direct sunlight
7．basically G．lacking in liveliness
【答案】　1.B　2.A　3.G　4.F　5.C　6.E　7.D
Ⅱ.短语填空
begin with，more t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )han，wake up，contrast with，in short，compared with，hand in hand，as well as
1．The white walls ________ the black carpet.
2．Industrial progr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ess should go ________ with the development of agriculture.
3．The country is very quiet ________ the town.
4．She shares(in)my troubles ________ my joys.
5．Jack is ________ a lecturer；he is a writer，too.
【答案】　1.contrast wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h　2.hand in hand　3.compared with　4.as well as　5.more than
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．It_is_believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed_to_be the best example of a new life－like style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画的最好代表，这种绘画风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。
2．Wherever he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) went，he carried a notebook around with him，in which he wrote down his ideas.
不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。
3．But even_if his onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa，it would have been genius enough for all time.但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》，这也已经是恒久的天才作品。
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练地运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写日记，并培养学生养成自觉用英语写日记的好习惯，以提高学生的书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确应用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
●新课导入建议
As we all know most of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) us like visiting some places of interest.Now I want to ask ××× to share his/her travelling experiences with us.(老师让×××同学读一读他/她的日记)。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第18－21页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
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?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
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?布置作业。让学生完成课本第18－19页第3、4题和21页第2、4题，完成“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第22－25页)。
1．disturbing adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的
I find it mysterious，a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd perhaps even a little disturbing；I don't know who the subject is，and I find the background strangely unreal.(P15)我发觉它很神秘，或许甚至有一点让人不安；我不知道这个人物是谁，而且我觉得背景非常不真实。
He has had some disturbing experience.
他有过一些使他很不安的经历。
This was disturbing news to them indeed.
这确实是一个使他们感到不安的消息。
disturb vt.扰乱；妨碍；使……不安；打破……的平静；打乱……的治安
disturbed adj.被打扰的；担心的；不安的；有心理疾病的
disturbance n．搅乱；弄乱；打扰；骚乱；困扰
He told us to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )keep quiet for fear that we might disturb others.他让我们保持安静，以免打扰别人。
She was disturbe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d to hear you had been injured in the accident.她听到你在事故中受了伤感到不安。
bother/disturb/interrupt
bother 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦
disturb 指扰乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
interrupt 一般用来表示“打断”，即打断别人的谈话或活动。
He looked tired，and I did not like to disturb him.
他看来很疲倦，我不想打扰他了。
I have enough to deal ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) with.Don't bother me with your problems.我要处理的事情够多的了，不要再拿你的问题来打扰我了。
The thing is not to interrupt him while he's talking.
要紧的是他说话的时候不要打断他的话。
用disturb/bother/interrupt的适当形式填空
①I'm sorry to ________ you，but could you tell me the way to the station
②Exam in progress—Do not ________．
③Tom ________ the speaker while he was making a speech.
【答案】　①bother　②disturb　③interrupted
2．effect n．作用；效果；结果；影响
The effect of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) light，the combination of light and shade，is astonishing.(P15)
光线、光线跟阴影融合的效果让人吃惊。
Parents have the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) greatest profound effect on their children's behavior.
父母对孩子的行为有最深远的影响。
The medicine had a great effect on your disease.
这药物对你的病疗效很大。
have an effect on对……产生影响
cause and effect因果
come into effect开始生效
in effect实际上；生效；在实施中
be of no effect无效
take effect开始实行；开始生效
He is，in effect，my rival.
实际上他是我的竞争对手。
The medicine quickly took effect.药很快见效了。
完成句子
①他提议的解决这个问题的几个方法证明是无效的。
The several ways he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) suggested to solve the problem proved ______________．
②这些旧规章制度仍然有效。
The old rules are still ______________．
③这部电影对她影响极大。
The film ______________ her.
【答案】　①of no effect　②in effect　③had a great effect on
3．It_is_believed_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to_be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.(P16)
它被认为是一种新的形象逼真型绘画的最好代表，这种绘画风格一经使用就使人们惊叹不已。
(1)主句的主语是it，it代指上文 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中的the Mona Lisa，is believed是谓语，to be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting是主语补足语，that amazed people是定语从句，when it was first used是时间状语从句。
(2)主句属于“sth./sb.is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )believed to do/to be...”句型，该句型可改写成“It is believed that...”(其中it是形式主语，句子真正的主语是that引导的从句)或“People believe that...”(意为：人们相信/认为……)。
He is believed to be fit for the position.
→It is believed that he is fit for the position.
→People believe that he is fit for the position.
人们认为他是这个职位的合适人选。
①能用于这种结构的常用动词有：say，report，thought，know，believe等。
②这种句型中的不定式有一般时，完成时和进行时形式。
She is said ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to have been to many countries.＝It is said that she has been to many countries.
据说她去过很多国家。
The man is believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to be lying.＝It is believed that the man is lying.相信这个人正在说谎。
句型转换
①People say that thirteen is an unlucky number.
→It is said ____________．
→Thirteen is said ____________．
②They believe that the problem has been settled.
→____________ the problem has been settled.
→The problem ______________．
【答案】　①that t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hirteen is an unlucky number；to be an unlucky number　②It is believed that；is believed to have been settled
4．Painted_by Leon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ardo da Vinci in the years 1503－1506，the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.(P16)于1503－1506年出自莱奥纳多·达·芬奇之手的《蒙娜·丽莎》是一件神秘的杰作。
painted by过去分词短语在句中作状语。过去分词短语还可表示时间，原因，条件等，相当于一个状语从句。
Scolded(As she w ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as scolded)by the teacher，the girl sat there without lifting her head.
由于被老师批评了，那个女孩低着头坐在那儿。
Given(If they had ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) been given)more attention，the trees could have grown better.
如果被给予更多的关心，这棵树会长地更好。
用动词的适当形式填空
①________(give)more time，I will do it better.
②________(defeat)，he remained a popular boxer.
【答案】　①Given　②Defeated
5．more than不仅仅
But the Renai ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ssance is，of course，more than just Mona Lisa.(P16)当然，文艺复兴不仅仅是《蒙娜·丽莎》。
He is more than a teacher and he is a writer，too.
他不仅仅是老师，还是作家。
China Daily is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )more than a newspaper；it keeps us in touch with the world.《中国日报》不只是一份报纸，它可以使我们与世界保持联系。
①more than＋数词　……以上，多于　more than＋名词　不仅仅，不只
more than＋形容词/副词　非常，十分
more than＋从句(can/could＋v.)　不能，无法(more than表示否定，相当于not)
②more...than... 与其说……还不如说……
③no more than(＝only)仅仅　not more than(＝at most)至多
He is more brave than wise.他有勇无谋。
She is more than beautiful.她非常漂亮。
说出下列句子中more than的含义
①The beauty of the place is more_than I can describe.
________
②I'm more_than happy to take you there in my car.
________
③She is more_than a teacher；she is also my friend.
________
【答案】　①无法　②很；非常　③不仅仅
6．The sense of explora ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tion which motivated the artists went_hand_in_hand with a new type of philosophy.(P17)这种激发艺术家的探索意识与一种新型的人生哲学携手共进。
(1)motivate vt.激发；激励；使想做某事
We must motivate students to do it on their own.
我们必须激发学生自主完成它。
He was motivated b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y his wish to help me，and expected nothing in return.他只是想帮助我，不图任何回报。
motivate sb.to do sth.激发某人做某事
motivated adj.有积极性的
motivation n．动机；积极性
They lack the motivation to play cards with me.
他们不想和我打牌。
Most students are highly motivated.
多数学生积极性都很高。
(2)go hand in hand与……共同行动；与……相配合
The people a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd the soldiers went hand in hand to fight against the serious disaster.
人民与战士们肩并肩抗击这场严重的灾难。
The children walk down the street hand in hand.
孩子们手拉手地在街上散步。
face to face面对面
shoulder to shoulder肩并肩
arm in arm臂挽臂
side by side并排地
The student sat face to face with his teacher.
那学生与他的老师面对面地坐着。
They walked along the river bank arm in arm.
他们挽着胳膊沿着河边散步。
完成句子
①一位好的老师应该能够善于引导学生努力学习。
A good teacher can ________ his students ________ harder.
②肮脏与疾病是密切相关的。
Dirt and disease ____________．
【答案】　①motivate；to study　②go hand in hand
7．After cent ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uries of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little_value compared with the greatness of God，philosophers began asking questions like“What is a person？”or“Why am I here？”(P17)几个世纪以来，哲学家们都持有中世纪的世界观，认为与上帝的伟大相比人的生命很渺小。现在他们开始提出诸如“人为何物”？以及“我为何存在？”这样的问题。
本句中of little value ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )是“of＋抽象名词”结构，此结构相当于“名词所对应的形容词”。在句中可作表语、定语或宾语补足语。这种抽象名词有value，use help，importance，benefit等，这些名词前可用little，great，any，no等修饰。英语中还有些抽象名词没有对应的形容词形式，为表明主语的某种特征，用“be＋of＋抽象名词”这种形式。此类名词常见的有：size，weight，height，age，length，width，opinion，color，price，kind，shape，way等。
The book he gave me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is of great use.＝The book he gave me is very useful.他给我的那本书很有用。
The two boys are of the same age.
这两个男孩年龄相同。
完成句子
①这个建议对我们学习英语很有价值。
The advice ______________/______________ for US to learn English.
②钱币从大小、重量到形状可能各不相同。
Coins may __________________．
【答案】　①is of great va ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lue/is very valuable　②be of different sizes，weights and shapes
8．wherever conj.无论在哪里；无论在什么地方
Wherever he went，he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) carried a notebook around with him，in which he wrote down his ideas.(P17)
不管走到哪里他都随身携带一个笔记本，以便随时记录下自己的想法。
Wherever I am，I'll be thinking of you.
不管在哪里我都会想到你。
Remember you are a Chinese wherever you go.
不论你到哪里，记住你是中国人。
whatever，whichever who ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ever，whenever，wherever，however这些词均可以引导让步状语从句，相当于no matter what/which/who/when/where/how.
此外，whatever，whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )chever whoever除了引导让步状语从句外，还可以引导名词性从句。引导名词性从句不可以用no matter what/which/who。
Whatever you say is of no use now.
你现在说什么也没用了。
Whatever(＝No matter what)you do，do it well.
不管做什么都要把它做好。
完成句子
①不管是谁违反了法律都要受到惩罚。
____________ will be punished.
②她感到寂寞时就来和我聊天。
She comes to talk to me ____________．
【答案】　①Whoever bre ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )aks the law　②whenever/No matter when she feels lonely
9．in short总之；简言之
In short，Leona ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rdo was an extraordinary genius，an example of what has been described as“Renaissance man”：someone interested in everything and with many different talents.(P17)简言之，莱奥纳多·达·芬奇是一个非凡的天才，一个被描绘成“文艺复兴人”的典范：一个对凡事皆有兴趣并有诸多才能的人。
Things couldn't be worse financially；in short，we're bankrupt.
在财务方面已经糟透了；总之一句话，我们破产了。
In short，theory must be combined with practice.
总之，理论必须同实践相结合。
“总之”另外几种常见的表达方式有：in a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )word，in brief，all in all，in conclusion，in a nutshell。
翻译句子
①总之，我不喜欢她演的电影。
________________________________________________________________________.
②总之，我认为他是个傻瓜。
________________________________________________________________________.
【答案】　①In short/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )In a word/In brief/All in all/In conclusion/In a nutshell，I don't like the films which she acted in.　②In short/In a word/In brief/All in all/In conclusion/In a nutshell，I think he's a fool.
10．But even_if his onl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa，it would have been genius enough for all time.(P17)但即使他对历史的贡献仅仅是一幅《蒙娜·丽莎》，这也已经是恒久的天才作品。
本句使用了虚拟语气。eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n though或even if引导的让步状语从句，若表示与事实相反时，动词用虚拟语气形式。若与事实相符时，则不用。
Even though/even if I were rich，I would work.
即使我很富有，我也会工作。
Even if he ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d been here，I should have said the same thing.即使那时他在这里，我也会那么说的。
【提示】　(1)even thoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h或even if引导的从句如果表示一种与现在事实相反的假设，其谓语动词过去时，而主句中的谓语动词则应该用“would/could＋动词原形”这一形式。如果表示一种与过去事实相反的假设，其从句中用过去完成时，主句中用“would/could/should have done”结构。
(2)even if/though主要引导真实情况的从句，常用一般现在时代指将来。在主从句主语相同时也可采用省略句结构。
We'll go even if it rains.即使下雨我们也要去。
He won't come to our party even if(he is)invited.
即使受到邀请，他也不会来参加我们的晚会。
完成句子
①即使他在这里，他也解决不了这个问题。
Even if ______________，he couldn't solve the problem.
②即使他病了，他也会来的。
He will come ______________．
【答案】　①he were here　②even if he is ill
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够正确运用非谓语动词。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的东西。让学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第22－23页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
?　　　　　　　
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第23－24页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
　　　　?
??
?　　　　　　　
布置作业。让学生完成课本第25页1 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、2题和27页1、2题，预习学案 Period Ⅳ Cultural Corner & Writing (见学案第26－28页)。?　　
1．depend on依靠，依赖；取决于
...here the ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )xes depended on the width of the house—so they kept them narrow，but built them tall.(P22)……这里的税金是根据房屋的宽度而定——因此他们就把房屋盖得很窄但却很高。
You can't always ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) depend on the train's arriving on time.你不能老是指望火车准点到达。
We might need more ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) food depending on how many people turn up.我们可能还需要些食物，不过这要看到场的人数。
depend v．依靠；依赖
depend on sb.to do sth.依靠某人做某事
depend on it that...相信，指望……
It(all)depends./That depends.看情况而定
You can depend on him to come on Sunday.
你放心，他星期天一定会来。
A Child's development depends on many factors.
孩子的成长受很多因素的影响。
【教师备课资源】
dependent adj.依靠的，依赖的，取决于……的
be dependent on依赖于；取决于
dependence n．依赖，依靠
rely on依靠，依赖
完成句子
①My weight is being increased or reduced ________(取决于)how much I eat.
②I don't know whether we can finish the task on time.________(视情况而定)．
③You can ________that he'll help you.
【答案】　①depending on　②It(all)depends　③depend on it
2．In the last 70 d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ays of his life before he shot himself he produced 70 paintings，and I reckon they're almost all masterpieces.(P22)
在他开枪自杀前的70天里，他创作了70幅绘画作品，我认为它们几乎都是杰作。
reckon v．常用用法有：
(1)认为某人/某事物是……(不用于进行时态，多用于被动语态)，常用在reckon...(as/to be)．..句型中。
The price was reckoned high.价格未免太高了。
He is reckoned as the greatest dramatist in the world.
他被认为是世界上最伟大的剧作家。
I reckon her(to be)the prettiest girl in my class.
我认为她是班上最漂亮的女孩子。
(2)假定；想；思忖；认为(不用于被动语态)
I reckon we'll go next week.我想我们下星期去。
reckon on指望；依靠
reckon up计算；总计
reckon in把……考虑或计算在内
reckon with 处理；解决；应予以重视；不可低估
完成句子
①他们认为这本书是他的优秀作品之一。
They ________ this book________one of his best works.
②我认为我们应该给她打个电话。
I ________ that we ought to call her.
③我指望你准时到那儿。
I ____________ on time.
④她的确是个不容轻视的女子。
She is certainly a woman ____________．
【答案】　①reckon；as/t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o be　②reckon　③reckon on your being there　④to be reckoned with
3．She reminded me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that we were leaving_for Paris tomorrow...(P22)她提醒我明天我们要去巴黎……
(1)remind提醒；使人想起
This picture reminded me of my grandfather.
这张照片使我想起了我的祖父。
Don't forget to r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )emind me to attend the meeting this afternoon.不要忘了提醒我下午参加一个会议。
I reminded her how much the fare was.
我提醒她车票的价钱。
remind sb.＋从句　使某人想起……/提醒某人……
remind sb.of sth.使某人想起某事/提醒某人某事
remind sb.to do 使某人想起去做……/提醒某人去做……
(2)leave for出发去某地
Do not you think we'd leave for the concert now
您不认为我们现在该出发去听音乐会了吗？
Are you going to leave for Beijing
你打算动身去北京吗？
完成句子
①你真像你的哥哥，尤其是在你微笑时。
You remind m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e so much ________ your brother，especially when you smile.
②提醒我在出去之前给约翰打电话。
Remind me ________ John before I go out.
③今天我们将离开长沙，明天动身去北京。
Today we'll ________ Changsha and tomorrow we'll ________ Beijing.
【答案】　①of　②to call　③leave；leave for
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会非谓语动词的用法。
①It is believ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed to_be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting that amazed people when it was first used.
②Painted_by Leon ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ardo da Vinci in the years 1503－1506，the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece.
③After centuries ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of accepting a medieval world view in which human life was considered of little value compared with the greatness of God，philosophers began asking questions like“What is a person？”or“Why am I here？”
[自我总结]　动词的非谓语形式包括________、________和________。它们在句中不作________。
【答案】　动词不定式；动名词；分词；谓语
非谓语动词
非谓语动词：是指在句中不能充当谓语， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )而是起其他语法功能的动词。非谓语动词有三种：动词不定式，动名词和分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)。非谓语动词没有人称和数的变化，但是有语态和时态的变化。
一、非谓语动词和基本形式
时态形式 主动式 被动式
不定式
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
进行式 to be doing
动词－ing
形式
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
动词－ed
形式 一般式 done
二、非谓语动语的用法
(一)作主语、宾语
1．动词不定式或动词－ing形式作主语或宾语时，可用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如：
Eugene's never wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lling to alter any of his opinions.It's no use arguing_with_him．
Nobody thinks it an easy job to_have_done_so_much_in_only_one_day．
2．动词不定式和动词－ing形式作宾语比较：
有些动词后只能接doing，如：adm ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )it，appreciate，avoid，consider，delay，enjoy，escape，finish，imagine，keep，miss，mention，practice，risk，suggest等。如：
Lydia doesn't feel like studying abroad.Her parents are old.
Bill suggested h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )olding a meeting on what to do for the Shanghai Expo during the vacation.
有些动词后只能接to d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o，如：agree，decide，expect，hope，manage，plan，pretend，refuse，threaten，wish等。如：
David threatened to_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )report his neighbour to the police if the damages were not paid.
I can't stand wo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rking with Jane in the same office.She just refuses to_stop talking while she works.
有些动词后接doing和to d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o都可以，且意思差别细微或没差别，如：begin，start，hate，like，love，continue等；但另一些词差别很大，如：forget，try，remember，mean，stop，regret等。如：
I still reme ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mber being_taken to the Famen Temple and what I saw there.
His father didn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )'t remember to_lock the door before he left home，so a thief broke in and stole many things.
动词need，require，want作“需要”解时，其后须用动词－ing形式的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语。如：
As you know，the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) young tree needs watering/to_be_watered once in a while；otherwise，it would die soon.
(二)作表语
动词－ing形式作表语表示一般或抽 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )象的习惯性动作，也可以说明主语的特征和性质，相当于形容词。不定式作表语表示具体的或一次性的动作，特别是将来的动作。过去分词作表语表示主语的状态：及物动词的过去分词作表语，有被动和完成的意味；不及物动词的过去分词作表语，只表完成。如：
Up to now，he has rea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lly realized that helping others is helping_himself．
The news that he ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) has got the first prize in the English contest is inspiring．
His wish is to_be_a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_teacher in a small village，though many people don't want to be.
(三)作宾补、主补
1．作宾补的过去分词，大都来自及物动词，与宾语是被动关系。动词－ing形式作宾补，与宾语是主动关系。如：
Even the best writers sometimes find themselves lost for words.
Alexander tried to get this work recognized in the medical circles.
Listen！Do you hear someone calling for help
2．在感官动词和某些使役动词后作宾补的不定式不带to，但转换为被动结构时，其后作主补的不定式一般需带to。如：
My parents have alwa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ys made me feel_good about myself，even when I was twelve.
The boy was made to_go_to_bed early.
3．with复合结构
with＋宾语＋宾语补足语， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构成with复合结构，宾语可以是名词或代词，宾语补足语可以是动词不定式、过去分词、动词－ing形式等。不定式与前面的名词是主动关系，表示动作还没发生；过去分词与前面的名词是被动关系，表示动作已经发生；动词－ing形式与前面的名词是主动关系，表示动作正在进行。如：
The living r ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oom is clean and tidy，with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
—Come on，please give me some ideas about the project.
—Sorry.With so much work filling my mind，I almost break down.
With no one to_turn_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to in such a frightening situation，she felt very helpless.
(四)作定语
1．不定式作定语有三种情况：
①与所修饰的词是动宾关系。如：
I have a lot of readings to_complete before the end of this term.
His first book to_be_published next month is based on a true story.
②与所修饰的词是主谓关系。如：
—The last one to_arrive pays the meal.
—Agreed!
③与所修饰的词是同位关系。如：
The ability to_express_an_idea is as important as the idea itself.
That is the only wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y we can imagine to_reduce the overuse of water in students' bathrooms.
2．过去分词作定语，与所修饰的词是动宾关系。如：
The players selecte ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
3．动词－ing形式作定语/被修 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )饰词表示用途的是动名词，说明被修饰词的性质的是现在分词。动名词一般置被修饰词前，而单个的现在分词一般前置，分词短语要后置。如：
When he came ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )home，he found his old friend Tom waiting for him in the living room.
China is a fast developing country.
On receiving a ph ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )one call from his wife saying_she_had_a_fall，Mr.Gordon immediately rushed home from his office.
(五)作状语
1．不定式作状语，常表示原因、结果、条件、目的等。不定式作结果状语时，往往表示未曾预料到的或令人不快的结果，不定式前常加only。如：
Simon made a b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ig bamboo box to_keep the little sick bird till it could fly.
He hurried to the b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooking office only to_be_told that all the tickets had been sold out.
2．过去分词作状语，表示主语是过去分词动作的承受者。如：
Seen from the top of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the tower，the south foot of the mountain is a sea of trees.
3．动词－ing形式作状 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语，表示主语是动词－ing形式动作的发出者，常表示时间、伴随、原因、结果、方式、条件等。当表示动作发生在谓语动词动作之前时，要用完成形式having done。如：
Approaching the city c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entre，we saw a stone statue of about 10 metres in height.
The retired man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) donated most of his savings to the school damaged by the earthquake in Yushu，enabling the students to return to their classrooms.
Lots of rescue worke ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rs were working around the clock，sending supplies to Yushu，Qinghai Province after the earthquake.
Dina，having_stru ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ggled for months to find a job as a waitress，finally took a position at a local advertising agency.
4．独立主格结构作状语
独立主格的构成：名词或代词(主格)＋不定式/动词－ing/过去分词等，在句中多作状语，表示时间、原因、结果等。如：
The country h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )as already sent up three unmanned spacecraft，the most recent having_been_launched at the end of last March.
The children went ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )home from the grammar school，their lessons finished for the day.
注意：动词－ing形式一般表示句子主语的动作，但作句子状语、说明说话人的看法时，则情况不是这样。如：
Judging_by_the_direction_of_the_wind，it won't rain today.
Generally_spea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )king，the more expensive the camera，the better its quality.
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·北京高考)________the course very difficult，she decided to move to a lower level.
A．Find　　　　　　　　B．Finding
C．To find D．Found
【解析】　句意：发现这门课程 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )很难，她决定转向难度低一些的课程。本句的主语为she，与find之间为主谓关系，要用现在分词短语作状语，故正确答案为B项。考生可能会受思维定式的影响而选C项，理解成动词不定式作目的状语。由语境可知，此处不是为了发现这门课程很难，故C项不正确。分析清楚主语与非谓语动词之间的关系是解题关键。
【答案】　B
2．(2013·湖南高考)Yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u cannot accept an opinion______to you unless it is based on facts.
A．offering B．to offer
C．having offered D．offered
【解析】　句意：你不可以接受别人提供 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的观点，除非它是建立在事实基础之上的。分析句子成分可知，“________to you”是分词短语作后置定语修饰opinion，又因为opinion和offer之间是被动关系，故用过去分词修饰，由此可知答案为D。解答这类题目需要抓住动词与逻辑主语之间的主被动关系。
【答案】　D
3．(2013·江苏高考)Lion ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )el Messi，________ the record for the most goals in a calendar year，is considered the most talented football player in Europe.
A．set B．setting
C．to set D．having set
【解析】　通过分析句子结构可知，Lione ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l Messi is considered the most talented football player in Europe.为主句，________ the record for the most goals in a calendar year在句中作状语，逻辑主语Lionel Messi与set构成主动关系，故先排除A；再根据句意“莱昂内尔·梅西，在一个日历年度创下了最多的进球纪录，被认为是欧洲最有才华的足球运动员。”可知，“创纪录”在先，“被认为是最有才华的球员”在后，故用动词现在分词的完成式having set最为贴切。
【答案】　D
4．(2013·陕西高考)Let ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )those in need________that we will go all out to help them.
A．to understand B．understand
C．understanding D．understood
【解析】　句意：要让那些生活困难的人们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )相信我们会全力以赴帮助他们的。本题考查let sb.do sth.结构，let是使役动词，其后作宾补的动词不定式要省略to，故该题的正确答案为B。in need生活困难的，作those的后置定语。
【答案】　B
5．(2013·四川高考)The ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) airport________next year will help promote tourism in this area.
A．being completed B．to be completed
C．completed D．having been completed
【解析】　句意：明年竣工的飞机场将有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )助于促进该地旅游业的发展。complete与airport之间是动宾关系，又由题中的关键信息next year可知此处需用动词不定式的被动形式to be completed，表示将要发生的被动动作，所以B项符合题意。A项是现在分词的被动形式，表示正在进行的被动动作；C项是过去分词，表示已经完成的被动动作；D项是现在分词完成式的被动形式，表示已经完成的被动动作，三项均不合题意。
【答案】　B
6．(2012·四川高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Before driving into the city，you are required to get your car ________．
A．washed B．wash
C．washing D．to wash
【解析】　car和wash为被动关系，故选用过去分词washed作补语。句意：在你开车驶入这所城市前，你应该先洗车。
【答案】　A
7．(2012·陕西高考)________ in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a New iPad.
A．Standing B．To stand
C．Stood D．Stand
【解析】　句意：我们排在长长的队伍中， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )等着商店开门买一台新的平板电脑。分析句子结构可知所填部分在句中作伴随状语，且句子的主语we与stand之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。
【答案】　A
8．(2012·陕西高考)If he ta ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )kes on this work，he will have no choice but ________ an even greater challenge.
A．meets B．meeting
C．meet D．to meet
【解析】　have no choice bu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t to do sth.“除了做某事之外别无选择”。句意：如果接受这份工作，除了接受更大的挑战之外他别无选择。
【答案】　D
9．(2012·北京高考)________ with care，one tin will last for six weeks.
A．Use B．Using
C．Used D．To use
【解析】　分析句子结构可知所填部分在句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中作状语，且与句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系，故选C项。句意：如果用得仔细的话，一罐可以够用六周。
【答案】　C
10．(2012·全国卷 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Ⅱ)The old man sat in front of the television every evening，happy ________ anything that happened to be on.
A．to watch B．watching
C．watched D．to have watched
【解析】　本句中的happy...是形 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )容词短语作状语，修饰句子主语The old man的状态。由句子中的happy可知其后应接动词不定式表原因，即(the old man is)happy to...。故选A项。
【答案】　A
Ⅱ.用所给单词的正确形式填空
1．Most of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )students enjoy________(ask) to answer questions in class.
2．With so ma ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny deaths in the mine accidents，the government's plan is________(cut) off about 500 little coal mines in the following year.
3．They prefe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r helping parents with farming to ________(play)the Internet games.
4．The well－dressed lad ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y washed her handkerchief and left the room with water________(flow) all the time.
5．He sat in the chair with his eyes________(close)．
6．He was involved i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n writing，only ________(stop)once in a while to have some tea.
7．He ran to the station，only ________(tell)the bus had left.
8．Mary，________(work)abroad many years，returned to China last night.
【答案】　1.being asked　2.to cut　3.playing　4.flowing
5．closed　6.stopping　7.to be told　8.having worked
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握日记的格式。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是如何写日记，这是高考作文中常见的一种写作类型。日记的写作方法在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
●新课导入建议
坚持写英语日记可以帮助你记忆单词，复习一些学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )过的句型，培养你的英语语言表达能力，从而提高你的英语水平；写日记还需要想象、思考和组织材料，这样就能开阔你的思维、培养你的思考问题和分析问题的能力。既然写英语日记有那么多的好处，那么我们就应该坚持写英语日记。通过对本文的学习，掌握英语日记的写作技巧，提高写作能力。
●教学流程设计
?导入新课。)?
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Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P25课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．It remains ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a puzzle whether the Mona Lisa in the Louvre is the authentic work by Da Vinci.(　　)
2．Eduardo De ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Valfierno stole the Mona Lisa from the Louvre by himself.(　　)
3．Perugia was put into prison for his crime.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.F　3.T
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P27课文，选择最佳答案
1．Before printing was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )invented，copies of a manuscript were usually made by hand on ________．
A．silk　　　　B．stones　　　　　C．animal skins
2．Who set up his own printing press in London
A．Gutenberg B．William Caxton C．Shakespeare
【答案】　1.C　2.B
1．leave...behind把……抛在后面
The burglar left the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )antique frame and the glass behind.(P25)盗贼留下了古式的画框和玻璃。
I'm sorry to have left my notes behind.
糟糕，我忘了带笔记。
Oh，dear！The bag has been left behind.
啊呀！把包给落下了。
leave out遗漏；漏掉；省略；忽略
leave sth.to sb.把某事托给某人处理
leave alone不要打扰；别碰；撇下……一个人；让……单独待着
leave off停止；中断
leave for离此而去……；往……出发
Don't leave out some important details.
不要漏掉一些重要的细节。
Start reading from where you left off last night
从上次停下来的地方接着读吧。
完成句子
①她请求不要打扰她。
She asked to be__________________．
②支票上她漏写了日期。
She__________________the date on the cheque.
【答案】　①left alone　②left out
2．appeal v．恳求；呼吁；请求；吸引；上诉；求助 n．呼吁；吸引力；上诉
He then fled down a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ideroad.We're appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.(P25)然后，他沿着小路逃跑了。我们正在呼吁不论谁看到嫌疑人都要联系我们。
We appealed to the government for support.
我们向政府请求支援。
The poem we learned t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oday made an appeal to the motions.我们今天所学的这首诗很具有感染力。
appealing adj.有吸引力的；有趣的
appeal to sb.for...为……向某人呼吁(请求)
appeal to sb.to do sth.向某人呼吁做某事
appeal to sb.吸引某人
make an appeal to/for向……呼吁(请求)
The government appealed to the citizens not to panic.
政府呼吁市民不要惊慌。
Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you
你对出国工作的主意感兴趣吗？
完成句子
①他向我求援。
He ____________ me ________ help.
②但是，我呼吁你们想想我们的孩子。
But I __________________of our children.
③小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。
Bright colours ________ small children.
【答案】　①appealed to；for　②appeal to you to think　③appeal to
3．seek v．寻找(求)；探索，寻觅；征求，追求
We're seeking a gang of criminals.(P25)
我们正寻找一伙罪犯。
The boy sought advice from his teacher.
这个男孩向他的老师征求意见。
He is seeking a job.他正在找工作。
seek to do sth.试图/设法干某事
seek for寻找；寻求
seek after 追求；企图得到
seek sb./sth.out找出(到)某人(物)
seek one's fortune寻求(找)致富/成功之路
seek one's advice/help/assistance征求某人的意见/请求某人的帮助/援助
We are always seeking to improve productivity.
我们一直在设法提高生产率。
All men seek for happiness.人人都寻求幸福。
完成句子
①他试图与她说话。
He__________________________to her.
②他决心另找一座更符合他们需要的房子。
He determined to ________________a house more suited to their needs.
③我们必须寻找解决问题的方法。
We must ________ a solution to the problem.
【答案】　①sought to speak　②seek for　③seek(for)
4．on behalf of代表……
Perugia had stolen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the Mona Lisa on behalf of the chief organiser of the crime，Eduardo de Valfierno.(P25)佩鲁贾代表罪行的主要组织者爱德华多德盗窃了蒙娜丽莎。
I want to thank you on behalf of our headmaster.
我想代表我们的校长向你们致谢。
I'm here on behalf ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of my family to give our regards to you.我在这里代表我们全家向你表示问候。
完成句子
①我将代表他接受这个奖品。
I'll accept the prize ____________．
②请允许我代表我们的主席约翰逊先生，祝您旅途愉快。
Let me，________________our president Mr.Johnson，wish you a happy journey.
【答案】　①on behalf of him/on his behalf　②on behalf of
5．blame n．过失；责备 v．责备
The outcome of the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )story is that Perugia got the blame for the crime and went to prison.(P25)
故事的结果是佩鲁贾因犯罪受到惩罚而入狱。
The car driver took the blame for the accident.
小汽车的司机承担了事故的责任。
The driver was not to blame for the accident.
这次事故不能怪司机。
①blame sb.for sth.因某事责备某人
be to blame for sth.应该受责
blame sth.on/onto sb.把……怪到……头上；把某事的责任归咎于某人
②take the blame承担责任
You are not to blame for what happened.
出了事不能怪你。
Don't go trying to blame it on me!
别想赖我！
完成句子
①我们准备对所发生的事承担责任。
We were ready to______________for what had happened.
②真正受责备的应该是银行经理，可是他却想把责任推到一个职员身上。
The bank manager was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )really________，though he tried to pin it on a clerk.
③他把失败归咎于他的老师。
He________his failure________his teacher.
【答案】　①take the blame　②to blame　③blamed；on
6．But as the ideas of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the Renaissance developed，so_did_the_demand for the Greek and Latin classics，which had been largely ignored for up_to 2，000 years.(P27)但随着文艺复兴观念的发展，人们对希腊和拉丁经典作品的需求也增加了。这些经典作品大部分已经被忽视长达两千年了。
(1)up to达到(某个数量)，胜任，由……作主，干(坏事)
This hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests.
这旅馆可供多达500位来宾住宿。
Up to six people can sleep in the room.
这个房间里至多可以睡六个人。
It's up to you whether we accept the present or not.
要不要这份礼物由你决定。
写出下列句子中up to的含义
①What've you been up_to．________
②I'm afraid Tom just isn't up_to the job.________
③His life has run smoothly up_to now.________
④—Shall we have red wine or white
—It's up_to you.________
【答案】　①干(坏事)　②胜任　③直到　④由……做主，由……决定
(2)句中so引导一个部分倒装句式，通常其结构为“so＋助动词/系动词/情态动词＋主语”，表示前面的肯定情况也适合于其他人或物。
As you sow，so will you reap.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。
—He will go to England for further education.
——他将要去英国进修。
—So will his wife.
——他妻子也去。
①“so＋主语＋助动词”表示对前句的确定，意为“……确实如此”。注意：此句型中的主语与前句的主语为同一人或物。
②当前面的否定情况也适合于后者时，用“ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )neither/nor＋助动词＋主语”；当前面既有肯定又有否定或有两种(或两种以上)谓语动词形式时用so it is/was with sb.(也可以用it is the same with sb.)。
—He is good at maths.——他擅长数学。
—So he is.——他确实如此。
—Tom didn't go to the party yesterday.
——汤姆昨天没有去参加聚会。
—Neither/Nor did peter.
——彼得也没去。
He likes walking and he doesn't go to school by bus.
So it is with his sister.他喜欢走路，而且不乘公共汽车去上学。他的姐姐也是如此。
完成句子
⑤Bill can speak French，and ______________(他的哥哥也会)．
⑥—They work hard.——他们很用功。
—______________．——他们真的是这样。
【答案】　⑤so can his brother　⑥So they do
7．Without inexpen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sive printing to make books available to a large section of society，the son of John Shakespeare，a government official in rural England in the mid－1500s，may never have been inspired to take_up writing as a profession.(P27)
假如没有低廉的印刷技术使得广大社会阶层有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )书可读，16世纪中期英格兰乡村的政府官员——约翰·莎士比亚的儿子也许根本不可能受到鼓舞而将写作作为职业。
(1)inspire v．鼓舞；激励；给……以灵感
He inspired many young people to take up the sport.
他激励了许多年轻人参加这项体育运动。
His inspiring speech inspired us to try again.
他的令人振奋的演讲鼓舞了我们再做尝试。
inspire sb.to do sth.鼓舞某人做某事
be inspired by受……的启发
inspired adj.有创见的；有灵感的
inspiring adj.令人振奋的；激励人的
inspiration n．灵感；鼓舞人心的人(或事物)
①(2012·胶州高二检测 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ))Magnificent views over the countryside have often________people to write poems.
A．excited　　　　　　B．attracted
C．inspired D．induced
【解析】　句意：乡村的壮丽美景 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )经常能激发人们写诗的灵感。excite使兴奋；attract吸引；inspire鼓舞，激发；induce诱使，引诱。
【答案】　C
(2)take up从事；开始(做某项工作)
He did not p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )articularly want to take up a competitive sport.他并没有特别想要开始从事竞技性运动项目。
The great painter took ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) up painting when he was a little child.这位著名的画家在很小的时候就开始画画。
take up还有“占据，占去；拿起，拾起；以某事作为爱好或消遣；一起说、唱或喊；接着讲，继续(中断的话)”等意思
写出下列句子中take up的含义
②The teacher took_up the lesson where he left off last week.________
③I'm sorry I've ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )already taken_up so much of your valuable time.________
④She took_up the receiver and began to dial the number.________
⑤I think I'll take_up oil painting in my spare time.________
【答案】　②接着讲　③占据　④拿起　⑤开始从事
如何写日记
日记是用来记述自己一天生活中所发生的有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )意义的事情或用来抒发自己当天对某些事情的感受以及自己将来的打算。其素材应是最有趣或最有感受的一些事情，体裁可以是记叙文、应用文、说明文、议论文等各种形式，也可以把以上文体结合起来使用。一般篇幅不宜过长。
写日记的过程中要注意以下几点：
英语日记一般记录某一天发生的事情 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，或者是自己感受最深的一件事，如一节课、一次郊游活动、一场晚会、一场体育比赛等。也可是观看某场电影、某部电视剧或阅读某一篇文章后的体会等。写英语日记要注意下面几点：
1．日记写作格式
英语日记的格式与中文日记大体一样。 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )英语日记通常由两部分组成，即书端和正文。书端指写日记的日期、星期和天气。英语日记的书端顶格写在正文上方的左边。先写星期，再写日期。日期的写法与书信的相同。天气可写在正文的右上方或写在日期之后，通常用形容词，如：Fine，Cloudy，Rainy，Windy，Foggy等。
2．时态
写日记的时间一般是在下午或晚上，有时也 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )会在第二天补记。所记叙的事情通常发生在过去，所以常用一般过去时。但如果要记叙天气、描写景色、展望未来、议论某事或对话引语等，可以使用一般现在时或一般将来时，以生动再现当时的情景。
3．写作文体
英语日记正文可以是叙事、描述、说明、 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )议论等各种形式，但主题要突出。整篇日记要围绕一个主题来展开。切忌面面俱到，记流水账。因此，要精心选择内容，记下最有意义的、感受最深的内容。英语日记的语言表达要贴切，遣词造句要符合语法和英语习惯表达。切忌用汉语句式表达。如果我们不能用已学的语言知识来表达某种意思，最好换一种同义的表达法。
4．英语日记中的缩写与省略
英语写作中经常会有缩略语，比如 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )：Nov.(November)，Apr.(April)，e.g.(for example)等各种形式的缩略语。
根据下列内容，以第一人称形式用英语写一篇日记。
星期一，10月6日下午，风和 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )日丽，我与李红一起走在回家的路上，突然听到呼救声，我们发现一个小女孩在河水中挣扎。李红连衣服都没来得及脱就跳入水中，她艰难地把落水的女孩拖上河岸。平时，李红学习努力，尊敬老师，与同学们相处不错，总是乐于助人。她为我们树立了好榜样，我们应该向她学习。
要求：不要逐字翻译。
[思路点拨]
一、注意日记的格式　二、注意时态要用一般过去时　三、文体要口语化，表达要清楚、准确、连贯。
[词汇热身]
1．在某人回家的路上____________________
2．呼救声____________________
3．乐于助人____________________
4．奋力做某事____________________
【答案】　1.on one's way h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ome　2.a cry for help　3.be ready/willing to help others　4.take great trouble to do sth.
[句式温习]
1．我们发现一个小女孩在河里挣扎。
We found a little girl__________________．
2．李红没脱衣服就跳进了水里。
Li Hong jumped into the water__________．
3．她为我们树立了一个好榜样。
She________________to us.
【答案】　1.struggling in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the river　2.without taking off her clothes　3.has set a good example
[连句成篇]　
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【参考范文】
October 6th，MondaySunny and warm
This afternoon，after ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )school we were on our way home when we suddenly heard a cry for help.We found a little girl struggling in the river.My classmate Li Hong jumped into the water without taking off her clothes.She took great trouble to pull the girl to the bank.With her help，the girl was saved.
Li Hong is a goo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d student at school.She studies hard，respects the teachers and gets on well with us.She is always ready to help others.She is loved by us.She sets a good example to us.We should learn from her.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________ n．主题
2．________ n．阴影；阴暗部分
3．________ n．新领域
4．________ adj.有技巧的；熟练的
5．________ adj.持续整夜的
6．________ v．对……征税；向……课税
7．________ v．认为
8．________ v．逃跑；跑掉
9．________ v．恳求；呼吁
10．________ v．寻找；寻求
11．________ adj.秘密的；机密的
12．________ n．责任
13．________ adj.活动的；可移动的
14．________ n．激情；热爱
15．________ n．职业
【答案】　1.subject　2.shade　3.frontier　4.skilled
5．overnight　6.tax　7.reckon　8.flee　9.appeal
10．seek　11.confidential　12.blame　13.movable
14．passion　15.profession
B．词汇拓展
16．________ adj.引起烦恼的；令人不安的→________ adj.被打扰的；不安的→________ v．打扰；扰乱
17．________ adv.基本上；本质上→________ adj.& n．基本的；要素→________ n．基础
18．________ n．效果；作用→________ adj.有效的→________ v．影响
19．________ v．激发，激励→________ n．动机，目的→________有积极性的；有动机的
20．________ v．鼓舞，激励→_ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______adj.有灵感的→________ adj.激励的，鼓舞人心的→________ n．灵感，启示
【答案】　16.disturbing；d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )isturbed；disturb　17.basically；basic；base　18.effect；effective；affect　19.motivate；motivation；motivated　20.inspire；inspired；inspiring；inspiration
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．____________不仅仅；不只是
2．____________与……形式对照
3．____________手拉手
4．____________与……相比
5．____________简言之
6．____________depend on
7．____________in history
8．____________on one's behalf
9．____________be tired of
10．____________take up
【答案】　1.more than　2.contrast with　3.hand in hand
4．compared with/to　5.in short　6.依靠，依赖　7.在历史上　8.代表　9.厌倦；厌烦　10.从事；开始做
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子
11．When to hold the football match ________ the weather.
12．Let's go ________ to protect the environment.
13．When did you ________ painting
14．The blue curtain ________ the white wall.
15．The little girl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has ________ practising playing the piano all day long.
【答案】　11.depends on　12 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).hand in hand　13.take up　14.contrasts with　15.been tired of
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．It_is_believe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d_to_be the best example of a new lifelike style of painting of all time.
【句式仿写】　大家都认为玛丽是我校最优秀的老师。
Mary ____________ the best teacher in our school.
2．Wherever_he_we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nt，he carried a notebook around with him，in which he wrote down his ideas.
【句式仿写】　我的意思是，无论你站在什么位置，她总是在看着你。
I mean，________，she is always looking at you.
3．Asked_what_had_happened，he lowed his head.
【句式仿写】　如果给我们更多时间的话，我们可以把它做得更好。
____________，we could do it better.
4．But even if his only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) contribution to history had_been the Mona Lisa，it would_have_been genius enough for all time.
【句式仿写】　即使昨天你给予我们一些帮助，我们也干不完那个活。
Even if you ________ us some help，we ________ the work.
5．He studies hard.So_does_his_sister．
【句式仿写】　我喜欢读小说。我弟弟也一样(喜欢读小说)。
I like reading novels.____________．
【答案】　1.is believed to be　2.wherever you are
3．Given more time　4.had given；would not have finished
5．So does my brother