【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版选修八教师用书Module 3　Foreign Food

Module 3　Foreign Food
【美文阅读】
随着中国经济的发展，一些快餐店，如肯德基、麦当劳、温迪快餐、必胜客等如雨后春笋般地在中国涌现，而这也引起了一些文化冲突，让我们先睹为快吧。
Traditional Chinese hotpot challenges foreign fast food
Chongqing hotpot，a c ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )entury old Chinese dish named after its birthplace－Chongqing City－has become a potential(潜在的)rival to the global fast－food giants like McDonald's，Kentucky Fried Chicken and the US－based Dicos.
Invented by local boa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tmen and dockers in the late 19th century and early 20th century，the dish was made from cheap meats，hot pepper (胡椒粉) and ginger (姜)，which after being boiled together in a big pot and eaten can effectively dispel(驱散)cold，damp and tiredness.
Xu Zhongmin，vice mayo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r of the hilly municipality(直辖市)，said more than 1，000 hotpot restaurants appeared in the city alone these days，which mainly in the form of chain restaurants had spread to 23 provinces and municipalities in China and foreign countries including the United States.
The trend(趋势) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )has caught the attention of global fastfood giants who claim they have never met a completely indigenous(当地的)Chinese restaurant chain.
“Hotpot may be an exception，”said Huang Yuejin.
According to him，a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )common weakness for most Chinese restaurants is that the tastes of their dishes rely too much on the cooking skills of individual chefs which makes it extremely difficult for chain restaurants to achieve standardized(使标准化) production.
To solve this pro ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )blem，Chongqing hotpot restaurants learned from the western chains to standardize their raw materials，condiments (调味品) and menus from which diners may choose.
Chou Yi，secretary ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )－general of the Chongqing Hotpot Association，predicted that with more and more people trying this dish，the name hotpot would become the same not just with the city but also for the country.
【诱思导学】
1．What is the major we ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )akness of Chinese restaurants？(no more than 30 words)
________________________________________________________________________
2．How to sol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve the problem mentioned above as for hotpot restaurants？(no more than 20 words)
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.The tastes o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )f Chinese dishes rely too much on the cooking skills of individual chefs which makes it extremely difficult for chain restaurants to achieve standardized production.　2.They learned from the western chains to standardize their raw materials，condiments and menus from which diners may choose.
Period ⅠPreviewing
(教师用书独具)
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给出的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本模块是关于中英饮食文化的内容。通过本节的教学，让学生了解中英美食及饮食的风俗习惯，了解中西方餐桌礼仪的差异，拓展学生的视野。
(教师用书独具)
●新课导入建议
利用多媒体展示一些中外食物的精美照片，用英语和学生进行交流。
T：As we know，food is ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) very important in our life.Chinese food is famous in the world.Now in this module，we will learn something about foreign food.Let's enjoy some beautiful pictures.What can you see in the picture
S：hamburger，French fries，dessert，steak
T：Do you like them Why
S：...
然后在展示一些和食物有关的引语，让学生猜一猜什么意思。
Quotations:
Everything you see I owe to spaghetti.
Eat little，sleep well.
What is food to one man may be poison to another.
Cookery is not chemistry.It is an art.
If you're going to America，bring your own food.
You should eat to live，not live to eat.
A piece of cake.
Apple of one's eyes.
最后，导入问题：Classmates ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，when it comes to eating，we will have a lot to say.And our China is a country with a long history and it is very famous for the variety of food.Do you want to know what the foreign food is like This lesson will tell us.
●教学流程设计
??
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
??
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?学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第30－31页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第31页)。?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
??
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老师布置作业，让学生看课本第30－31 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )页并完成课本第30－32页1、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第32－35页), 写一篇关于介绍性的说明文。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P30－31的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3词)
Passage 1(Experie－
nces of ha－ving Chin－ese food)
Plates were dan ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gerously balanced one on top of another.I ate 1.________ while everyone else just tasted 2.________ each dish.
The Chinese seem to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) eat almost 3.______ of every animal.The first time I saw a kid cheerfully chewing a 4.________，I had bad dreams for weeks.
I didn't get used to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the deep－fried 5.______ which looked and smelled about as appetising as a 6.________．
Passage 2(Experie－
nces of ha－ving Briti－sh food)
I was amazed b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y the British food.It was hard to 7.________ what the boxes contained.The British people like cold food while the Chinese think it means 8.________.
I was astonished at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the bowl of grey liquid being offered after ordering 9.________．The things inside sandwiches and baked potatos are various kinds of 10.________.
【答案】　1.greedily　2.a bit of　3.every part
4．chicken's head　5.choudoufu　6.burnt tennis shoe
7．make out　8.poverty　9.mushroom soup
10．mashed food
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P30－31的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．The writer began to eat greedily because________．
A．he was very hungry
B．he likes Chinese food very much
C．he thought all the dishes were served
2．The writer thought________．
A．eating almost every part of every animal was horrible
B．chewing a chicken's head was an interesting thing
C．choudoufu was a kind of food he couldn't accept
3．In general，the writer thought Chinese food was________．
A．dull　　　　　B．great　　　　　C．bad
4．Compared with British food，Chinese food is ________for the writer.
A．too simple
B．prepared more carefully
C．too easy
5．What did the writ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er want to tell people by telling about his experience at the banquet
A．To tell people that Chinese people pay great attention to food.
B．To tell people too much food was served at a Chinese banquet.
C．To tell people to eat little first at a Chinese banquet.
【答案】　1.C　2.A　3.B　4.B　5.A
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
accept，be amazed at，obsess，fill，graceful，cold，feed，horror，mix，poverty
Chinese people think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a lot about food.I think that they are sometimes 1.________ with it.During a trip to Beijing in 1998，I had eaten Chinese food often，but I could not have imagined how fabulous a real Chinese banquet could be.The first six or seven dishes seemed to 2.______ the table，with plates dangerously balanced one on top of another.To my surprise，more dishes arrived.There was enough to 3.________ a whole army.Another aspect of “food culture” is that the Chinese seem to eat almost every part of every animal－much to the 4.________ of many westerners.And there are other kinds of foods that have taken longer for me to 5.________．The infamous choudoufu is an example.
The first time I ate B ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ritish food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.I 6.________ their easy and 7.________ manner.At the counter there were colourful mixtures in eight or nine big boxes.Later，I found out that British people like 8.________ food.But in China，cold food means 9.________ and you don't give it to a guest.I also learned that the English like to 10.________ food before serving it at the table.The food here goes against the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.Chinese dishes can be photographed and have a nice appearance.
【答案】　1.obsessed　2. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fill　3.feed　4.horror　5.accept　6.was amazed at　7.graceful　8.cold　9.poverty
10．mix
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．owe　　　　A．to make somebody fascinated
2．obsess B．ought to give somebody something
3．greedily C．to bite food several times before swallowing it
4．chew D．in a greedy manner
5．infamous E．appealing to or stimulating your appetite
6．appetising F．well known for being bad or morally evil
【答案】　1.B　2.A　3.D　4.C　5.F　6.E
Ⅱ.短语填空
no wonder，make out， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )go against，have...in common，owe...to...，be obsessed with，end up，in a(n)．..manner
1．He ________ $100 ________ me.
2．There are so many ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )people at the school gate that I can't ________ what happened.
3．He has passed the exam.________ he is so happy.
4．Many great people ________ reading.
5．She didn't dare ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) to ________ her father's wishes，so she went to the art school again.
6．In order to ________ in success，he worked very hard.
【答案】　1.owed；to　2.m ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ake out　3.No wonder　4.are obsessed with　5.go against　6.end up
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．No_wonder my fell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow guests had had only a few bites of each dish；they knew what_was_still_to_come．
怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上呢。
2．The_first_ti ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )me I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.我第一次接触英国饮食是在伦敦一家出版社的员工餐厅。
3．It seemed_t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o be just a bowl of grey liquid and it_was_only_after_I_had_tasted_it_that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.看上去那只是一碗灰色的汤，我尝了一下才知道那实际上是用蘑菇做的。
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写介绍性的说明文，提高学生的英语书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确使用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
●新课导入建议
I think almost everyo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ne wants to know table manners.Now I want to ask ××× to read his /her composition about table manners to us.(老师让×××同学读一读他/她的日记。)
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第32－ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )35页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
　　　　?
?布置作业。让学生完成课本第33页第3 题和第36页第1、2 题，完成“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第36－39页)。
1．owe v．应给予；归功于；欠(债)
Everything you see I owe to spaghetti.(P29)
我把你看到的一切都归功于意大利面条。
They still owe the garage ￥100 for those repairs.
他们还欠修理厂100元的维修费。
He owes his success to hard work.
他把他的成功归功于努力工作。
①owe sb.sth.＝owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物
owe...to...归功于；由于
owe it to sb.that...亏得某人
②owing to由于；因为
The young writer owed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his success to his teacher's encouragement.年轻作家把自己的成功归于他老师的鼓励。
Owing to his y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ears of hard work，he succeeded in his business.由于多年的艰苦工作，他的事业很成功。
完成句子
①我在那里时，欠李先生100元。
I__________________Mr.Li when I was there.
②幸亏你帮助，我才及时完成了工作。
I__________________I finished my work in time.
③由于糟糕的天气，足球比赛被取消了。
________________the bad weather，the football match was called off.
【答案】　①owed 100 yuan to　②owed it to you that　③Owing to
2．obsess v．使着迷
In fact，I think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that they are sometimes obsessed with it.(P30)事实上，我觉得他们有时候对此到了痴迷的程度。
Wang Hua is obsessed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )with computer games so that he becomes less interested in his study.
王华痴迷于电脑游戏，以致对学习不大感兴趣了。
Jody's been obsessed with some lifeguard for months.
乔迪几个月来一直迷恋着某个救生员。
be obsessed by/with被……迷住心窍
obsessive adj.着迷的，困扰的
obsession n．着迷，牵挂
obsessional adj.困扰于心的
【教师备课资源】
表示“沉溺于……，痴迷于……”的其他表达法：
be crazy about　be addicted to
be absorbed in　abandon oneself to
完成句子
①那个男孩痴迷于看暴力电影，结果涉及了一些打架斗殴。
The boy ____________ watching violent films so that he was involved in some fighting.
②沉溺于海洛因中，这个年轻人变卖了所有的一切去买毒品。
____________ hero ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in，the young man sold all he had to pay for the drug.
【答案】　①was obsess ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed with/crazy about/addicted to/absorbed in或abandoned himself to　②Obsessed with/Crazy about/Addicted to/Absorbed in
3．No_wonder my fell ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ow guests had had only a few bites of each dish；they knew what was still to come.(P30)怪不得跟我一起的客人每道菜也就浅尝几口；他们知道还有什么菜要上呢。
这是一个含有分号的并列复合句，第一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )个并列分句是No wonder my fellow guests...，第二个并列分句是they knew...；what引导的是宾语从句。
no wonder.../it's no wonder (that)．..难怪……
No wonder he is no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )t hungry；he has been eating sweets all day.难怪他不饿，他一整天都在吃糖。
wonder n．奇迹；奇才 v．想知道；迷惑
It is a wonder that...奇怪的是……
What a wonder！多么令人惊异！真想不到！
in wonder惊讶地
wonder if/whether...不知道是否……
wonder at...对……好奇/惊讶
It's a wonder that he should have lost the match.
奇怪的是他竟输了那场比赛。
The boys looked at ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the teacher in wonder and didn't know what to do next.
这些男孩惊讶地看着老师，不知道下一步该怎么办。
完成句子
①I______________(不知是否)you can examine him now.
②______________(怪不得)he succeeded in the exam.I heard he trained hard and carefully every day.
【答案】　①wonder if　②No wonder
4．end up结束；结果为……
Stomach，intestine ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s，ears，tongue，tail，hoof，and lungs are all likely to end up on the dinner table in front of you.(P30)胃、肠子、耳朵、舌头、尾巴、蹄子以及肺都可能最终会出现在你面前的餐桌上。
The party ended up with a beautiful song.
晚会以一曲优美的歌曲结束。
She worked hard and ended up at the top of the class.
她努力学习，最后成为全班第一名。
end up　
come to an end到头了；结束了
make ends meet收支相抵
in the end＝eventually最终地；终于
at the end of在……末尾
He could end up as President.
他总有一天会当上总统。
I don't want to end up like my parents.
我可不想弄到最后和我父母一样。
We were to go out，but ended up watching TV.
我们原计划外出，但结果却是在家看电视。
The meeting came to an end at 12 a．m.
会议上午12点结束的。
完成句子
①你要是老这样花钱，总有一天要负债。
You will ________________ if you keep on spending money like that.
②你要是处理得当，到头来这个公司能归你掌管。
You could __ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_______________ this company if you play your cards right.
③他参加了1 500米赛跑，得了第一名。
He ran a 1，500－metre race and __________________first prize.
【答案】　①end up in debt　②end up running　③ended up with
5．The_first_time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I ate British food I was in the canteen of a London publisher.(P31)我第一次接触英国饮食是在伦敦一家出版社的员工餐厅。
the first time引导 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )时间状语从句相当于连词，意为“第一次”。类似的短语还有：the moment，the minute，the instant，the last time，every time，each time，next time等。
The first time I saw him，he was cleaning the room.
我第一次见他的时候，他正在清扫房间。
I recognized her the moment I saw her in the crowd.
我一见到她就从人群里把她辨认了出来。
for the first time/the first time
for the first time 介词短语，只作句子的状语，不引导状语从句，它不具有连词的功能。
the first time 名词词组，可充当从属连词，引导时间状语从句。
For the first time，the people were able to dream of a better future.
第一次，人们能够构想美好的未来。
The first time I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )met him，I was deeply impressed by his good manner.我第一次见到他就对他的优雅举止留下了深刻的印象。
完成句子
①我于2012年第一次去北京。
I went to Beijing__________________in 2012.
②我第一次见他的时候，他正在清扫房间。
________________I saw him，he was cleaning the room.
【答案】　①for the first time　②The first time
6．manner n．(成为个人的习惯、特征的)样子；举止；态度
I was amazed ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at their easy and graceful manner while I stood there feeling somewhat confused by the food.(P31)我惊讶于他们闲适优雅的举止，而我却站在那儿对他们的食物感到有些茫然。
He has a dignified manner.他气宇轩昂。
I don't like his manner.我不喜欢他的态度。
manner 方法；方式；做法
in a/an...manner以一种……方式
manners 礼貌；礼节；规矩；风俗习惯
it's good/bad manners(to do sth.)
(做某事)是有/没有礼貌的
The manner of h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )is death aroused a lot of interest in the media.他死亡的方式引起了媒体的极大兴趣。
You should have good manners all the time.
任何时候你都应该有礼貌。
写出下列句子中manner的汉语意思
①What's the best manner of doing it？________
②He is walking in an unusual manner．________
③His manner showed his frankness.________
④He has no table manners at all.________
⑤Her children all had such good manners．________
⑥This is a book about ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the life and manners of Victorian London.________
【答案】　①方法　②样子；举止　③举止；态度　④礼节；规矩　⑤礼貌　⑥习俗
7．make out理解；辨认出；填写；声称；推断出
It was quite hard ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to make out what they contained.(P31)很难弄清楚他们究竟是什么做的。
I could just make out a figure in the darkness.
我隐约看见黑暗中有个人影。
I can't make out what she wants.
我不明白她想要什么。
写出下列句子中make out的含义
①He's a strange person，I can't quite make him out．________
②Can you make_out what he is saying？________
③She always makes_out she's the only one who does any work.________
④He made_out a check for D|S10.________
⑤I can't make_out his handwriting.________
⑥How do you make that out？________
【答案】　①了解　②理解　③声称/声明　④开出/填写　⑤辨认　⑥得出结论
8．requirement n．要求；必要条件；(pl.)所需的东西
The waiter p ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ut these foods inside bread or potatoes according to people's requirements.(P31)服务人员按照各人的要求往面包或者土豆里面塞这些糊糊。
What are your requirements，Mr.Johnson
约翰逊先生，你有什么要求？
We all accep ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ted his requirement that he(should)go there by himself.我们都接受他要自己去那儿的要求。
meet/satisfy requirements for满足……的要求
require that－clause要求……(宾语从句用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should＋动词原形，should可以省略)
require doing＝require to be done某物需要……
require sb.to do sth.要求某人做某事
He required that Mary should go there at once.
他要求玛丽立刻去那儿。
The flowers require watering.花需要浇水了。
完成句子
①老师要求所有的工作放学前完成。
The teacher requir ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed that all work______________before school was over.
②这台机器不好用，需要修理。
The machine does not work well.It requires__________．
【答案】　①(should)be finished　②repairing/to be repaired
9．It seemed to be j ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ust a bowl of grey liquid and it_was only after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.(P31)似乎只是一碗灰色的液体，我尝过之后才知道那确实是用蘑菇做成的汤。
句中it was only after ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I had tasted it that...是一个强调句式，强调了时间状语从句，强调句式的结构是：It is/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其余部分。强调句中it不能更换，it is/was与“其余部分”的时态一致，故不受被强调部分单复数的影响，被强调部分可以是除谓语以外的任何部分，被强调部分是人的可用that或who，其他则一律用that。
It was a meeting th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at all the members held in the club yesterday.(强调宾语meeting)昨天所有会员在俱乐部举行的是一次会议。
It was all the members ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that/who held a meeting in the club yesterday.(强调主语，was不可换用were)所有的会员昨天在俱乐部举行了一次会议。
被强调部分若是原句的主语，who/that之后的谓语动词在人称和数上与该主语一致。
It is I that/who am your true friend.
我才是你真正的朋友。
另外强调句型的特殊疑问句形式为：特殊疑问词＋was/is＋it＋that从句。
Who was it that held a meeting in the club yesterday
昨天谁在俱乐部举行了一次会议？
Where was it th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at all the members held a meeting yesterday？昨天所有成员在哪里举行了一次会议？
句型转换(强调画线部分)
①All the members held a meeting in_the_club yesterday.
→________________________________________________________________________
②I am to blame for the accident.
→________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①It was in the cl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ub that all the members held a meeting yesterday.
②It is I who/that am to blame for the accident.
10．go against违背；相反；对……不利
The food here goes ag ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ainst the Chinese sense of beauty and style at the dinner table.(P31)
这里的饮食跟中国人在餐桌上的美学原则大相径庭。
She didn't dare to go against her husband's wishes.
她不敢违背丈夫的意愿。
His thinking goes against all logic.
他的想法完全不合情理。
go about 习惯于；继续做；着手做
go ahead 走在前面；开始；发生
go for 适用于；去取回；喜欢；袭击；努力争取
go back(to)回到；返回；回忆起；追溯到
go by 经过；逝去；过去
The building of the new bridge will go ahead as planned.新桥的修建将按计划进行。
As time goes by my memory seems to get worse.
随着时间的流逝我的记忆力似乎越来越差。
完成句子
①离开祖国将是一件违背我心愿的事。
It ____________ to leave the country.
②选举对前任总统不利。
The election ____________ the former president.
【答案】　①will go against my will　②goes/went against
11．But one thing I do ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )admire is the polite manner in which British people eat，even if it is just a potato.(P31)但是让我非常佩服的是英国人吃饭的举止，哪怕仅仅是一个土豆，他们也会吃得很斯文。
谓语动词前加了do表示强调。一般现在时和一般过去的肯定句中，可用do，does或did置于谓语动词前强调谓语动词，此时谓语动词用原形。
Do sit down，please.请务必坐下。
It is reported that Zhou Libo did resign from his previous company.
据报道，周立波的确从原来的公司辞职了。
【对接高考】
(2010·四川高考)If y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou have a job，________ yourself to it and finally you'll succeed.
A．do devote　　　　　　B．don't devote
C．devoting D．not devoting
【解析】　句意：如果你有一份工作，务必致力于 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )它，这样你才会成功。分析句式可知主句使用了“祈使句＋and＋陈述句”固定句式，为了强调谓语动词，可在动词前加上助动词do的形式，故A项正确。
【答案】　A
12．Do their ideas_have_ anything in_common(P32)
他们的观点有共同之处吗？
have something/nothing/little in common(with) 表示“与……有一些/没有/很少有共同之处”。
Although they ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are brothers，they have nothing in common.尽管他们是兄弟，但他们却毫无相同之处。
The two games have something in common.
这两个游戏有些相同之处。
in common with和……一样
in common共有；共用
Research show ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s that successful language learners in many ways have something in common.
研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面有共同之处。
In common with man ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y others，she applied for a training place.和许多其他人一样，她也申请参加训练。
完成句子
①我和简毫无共同之处。
I ____________________ Jane.
②她已和许多人一起申请参加训练。
____________________ many others，she applied for a training place.
【答案】　①have nothing in common with　②In common with
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够正确运用定语和定语从句。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌握的内容。让学生 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第36－37页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )学案第37－38页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
　　　　?
??
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　布置 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作业。让学生完成课本第39－40页2、3、4、5题，预习学案Period Ⅳ Cultural Corner & Writing(见学案第40－42页)。?
1．Even if you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )are_on_close_terms_with the host，you should wait to be offered something.Do not help yourself.It's not really the done thing in Britain，though in other countries people might be more relaxed.(P35)即使你和主人的关系很好，你也应该等着主人让。不要太随便，这在英国是不符合礼仪的，虽然在其他国家人们可以放松一点。
be on good/friendly/bad...terms with sb.意思是“(与某人)关系好/友好/不友好”等。
He is still on excellent terms with his ex－wife.
他仍然和前妻保持着极好的关系。
I haven't been o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n speaking terms with her after that quarrel.那次争吵之后我就一直没跟她讲话。
in terms of 就……而言，从……的观点(角度)
in the long/short term就长(短)期而言
come to terms＝make terms达成协议；和好；屈服
bring sb.to terms使某人接受条件
In terms of custom ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er satisfaction，the policy can't be criticized.说到顾客的满意情况，这个政策无可挑剔。
The two countries come to terms at last.
那两个国家最终达成了协议。
完成句子
①I had no idea that you and he were ________(关系这么密切)．
②The project will benefit the local environment ______(从长期来看)．
【答案】　①on close terms with each other　②in the long term
2．in short总之；简言之
In short，he liked having a good time.(P35)
总之，他喜欢玩得尽兴。
Things couldn't be worse，financially；in short，we are bankrupt.
在财物方面已经不能再糟了；总之，我们破产了。
In short，I am interested in all of the sports.
简而言之，我对一切运动都感兴趣。
be short of短缺；缺乏；不足
be in short supply供应不足
be short for...是……的简称(缩略形式)
for short作为简称；缩略为
TV is short for television.TV是television的缩写。
We are short of sugar.我们的糖不够了。
完成句子
①事情出了差错，她老有借口。
She is not ________excuses when things go wrong.
②UK是联合王国的简称。
UK is ________the United Kingdom.
③你可以叫我的简称Jo。
You can call me Jo________．
【答案】　①short of　②short for　③for short
3．entertain v．招待；款待某人；请客；使有兴趣；使快乐
One evening he was ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) entertaining the ruler of a small island in the Pacific.(P35)
一天晚上，他正款待太平洋中一个小岛的统治者。
Tom and Jim entertained us to dinner last night.
汤姆和吉姆设晚宴款待了我们。
The children were entertained with his tricks.
孩子们对他的戏法感兴趣。
①entertain sb.to sth.(在自家中)招待；款待某人
entertain sb.with sth.用某物使某人快乐
②entertaining adj.使人愉快的；有趣的
③entertainment n．招待；款待；娱乐
This is a very entertaining film.
这是一部很有趣的电影。
She played the piano for our entertainment.
她弹钢琴为我们助兴。
用entertain的适当形式填空
①The________film________the children a lot for hours.
②____________________(令我们高兴的是)，nearly 120 miners have been rescued by now.
【答案】　①entertaining；entertained　②To our entertainment
4．remark v．谈到；说起；评论 n．评论；意见；言论
As soon as the Pol ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ynesian guest tasted the asparagus he remarked how delicious it was.(P35)那个波利尼西亚客人一尝到芦笋就评论说它是如何的可口。
She remarked how tired I was looking.
她说我看上去显得特别累。
She could hear th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e other girls making rude remarks about her.她可以听见其他女孩在说她的坏话。
①remark on/upon就……发表意见；评论
remark that...谈到；说起
②make a remark on/about就……发表意见；对……评头论足
③remarkable adj.值得注意的；显著的；非凡的
be remarkable for以……而出名
The guests remarked on her new dress.
来宾对她那件新衣服评头论足。
Don't make a remark on her appearance.
不要对她的外表大加评论。
完成句子
①The judge____________(对……进行评论)the boy's performance.
②Shanghai____________(以……而出名)the 2010 World Expo.
③She ____________(说)that it was getting warmer and warmer.
【答案】　①made a remark on/remarked on　②is remarkable for　③remarked
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会定语的用法。
①I thought t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )his vast wave of food was the total number of dishes to_be_served，and I started eating greedily.
②Everyone els ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e just tasted a bit of each dish and then put their chopsticks down，continuing to chat.
③At the counter ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )there were colourful mixtures in eight_or_nine_big boxes.
④I still remember what I ate：a tuna fish and cheese sandwich.
⑤However，there ar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e other kinds of foods that_have_taken_longer_for_me_to_accept．
⑥What do you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) an American eating_Chinese_food in China will notice
[自我总结]　用以修饰名词或代词的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词、短语或句子被称为________。可充当定语的有________、________、________、________、________、________和________等。
【答案】　定语；形容词；不定式；代词；数词；名词；分词；句子
一、定语
功能 例句
单个词作定语的位置 英语中单个的形容词、数词、代词、普通格名词、分词、动名词和所有格等作定语(attribute)时，通常放在被修饰的词之前。 a stone building一座石头砌的大厦faded flowers萎谢的花boiling water开着的水boiled water开水a gone case无可挽救的事John's house 约翰的房子the risen sun升起的太阳the changed world已经变化了的世界the changing world正在变化中的世界
短语作定语的位置 英语中的分词短语(participia ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )l phrase)、不定式短语(infinitive phrase)、介词短语(prepositional phrase)、形容词短语(adjective phrase)和长度短语(length phrase)等，通常放在所修饰的词之后。 He had made a th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )orough study of all the dialects spoken in Scotland.他对苏格兰所有的方言都作了透彻的研究。The woman ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lding a baby in her arms is waiting to see the doctor.那个抱着婴儿的妇女正等着医生看病。It was a bolt from the blue.这真是个晴天霹雳。On the top of the hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ll there is a pagoda about a hundred feet high.在山顶上有一座十丈高的宝塔。This may not be the best book to start with.一开始读这本书不一定最合适。
多个单词定语的排列次序 英语中两个或两个以上的单词作定语 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )放在中心词前共同修饰一个名词，其基本词序是由小范围到大范围，由次要意义到主要意义，由程度弱到程度强，由一般到专有。意思愈具体，物质性愈强，就愈近名词。限定词＋数量词(序数词在前，基数词在后)＋描绘词＋大小、长短、高低等形体＋新旧＋颜色＋国籍＋材料＋名词 the advanced foreign experience外国的先进经验the ancient Chinese writer中国的古代作家the three Japanese cities三座日本城市a small round wooden table一张木头小圆桌a young American artist一个年轻的美国艺术家a nice little old black Japanese leather bag一个小的漂亮的黑色的日本皮革旧包a lonely white sail一片白色孤帆a round chalk－white face灰白的圆脸a high steep mountain陡峭的高山a nice long new black British plastic pen一支好看的长长的崭新的黑色的英国塑料钢笔
二、定语从句
He is the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天看见的那个人。
Please pass me the book whose cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
The package (whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch/that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。
三、定语从句需注意的几个问题
1．只用关系代词that不用which的情况
(1)当先行词是不定代词或被不定代词所修饰时
All that he wants to do now is to lie down and rest.
他现在想做的事情就是躺下休息。
(2)当先行词有the only，the very，just the修饰时
This is the very person that I'm waiting for.
这正是我要等的人。
(3)当先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时或本身是序数词或最高级时
This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen.
这是我看过的最有趣的电影。
(4)先行词既有人又有物时
Do you know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the things and persons that they are talking about？你知道他们正谈的那些人和事吗？
(5)在who和which引导的特殊疑问句中
Which is the pen that you lost
哪支钢笔是你丢的呢？
(6)当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词又在从句中作表语时
My hometown is no longer the city that it used to be.
我的家乡不再是过去的样子了。
2．只用which不用that的情况
(1)在非限制性定语从句中只用which。
(2)当动词短语中的介词提前时，只用which，但在固定搭配中，不能把介词提前。
This is the factory in which he once worked.
这是他曾经工作过的工厂。
He is the first patient that I looked after.
他是我关照过的第一个病人。
3．as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句的区别。
as引导的定语从句可以位于句首 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )、句中或句末，which引导的定语从句一般只位于句末；as引导的定语从句常与know，see，report，say，expect，announce等动词连用，并且as在定语从句中可作主语或宾语，可修饰先行词such或the same所修饰的名词；which引导这类定语从句时常作实义动词的主语。当引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或因果关系时，一般用which。
As we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
我们都知道，吸烟有害健康。
Tom did not pas ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s the exam，which made his mother very angry.汤姆没通过考试，这使他母亲很生气。
Don't read such b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ooks as have nothing to do with your studies.不要读那些与你学习无关的书。
4．判断用关系代词还是关系副词
(1)用关系代词还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系代词；而不及物动词则要用关系副词。
This is the mountain village where I stayed last year.
这是去年我待过的山村。
I'll never forget th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e days when I worked together with you.我永远不会忘记和你一起工作的那些日子。
(2)准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、宾、表、定、状)，也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。
【提示】　定语从句引导词的选择要 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )由引导词在从句(注意：不是主句)中所作的成分决定。先行词在从句中作主语、定语、宾语，选择关系代词(who，whom，that，which，whose)；先行词在从句中作状语，应选择关系副词(where为地点状语，when为时间状语，why为原因状语)。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·山东高考)Finall ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y he reached a lonely island ________ was completely cut off from the outside world.
A．when　　　　　　　B．where
C．which D．whom
【解析】　句意：最后他到达了一个完全与外 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )部世界隔绝的孤岛上。句中的先行词a lonely island在后面的定语从句中作主语，故用which引导。因先行词是地点名词短语a lonely island，学生很容易误选where来引导定语从句而不去分析先行词在句中所作的成分。
【答案】　C
2．(2013·四川高考)N ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owadays people are more concerned about the environment________they live.
A．what B．which
C．when D．where
【解析】　句意：现在人们 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )更加关注他们生活的环境。分析句子结构可知，题中缺少定语从句的引导词，并且引导词要在从句中作地点状语，所以D符合题意。而what不能引导定语从句；which可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作主语或宾语；when也可以引导定语从句，但是在从句中作时间状语。
【答案】　D
3．(2013·重庆高考)John in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vited about 40 people to his wedding, most of________are family members.
A．them B．that
C．which D．whom
【解析】　句意：约翰邀请了大约40个人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )参加他的婚礼，大部分人是家庭成员。由前后两个句子之间没有连接词可首先把A项排除。B、C、D三项都可引导定语从句，但that不能放在介词of之后，故排除。which引导定语从句时，表示物，不符合题意，也排除。most of whom引导非限制性定语从句，whom指代about 40 people。most of whom在定语从句中作主语，所以答案为D。
【答案】　D
4．(2012·全国卷Ⅱ)That e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vening, ________ I will tell you more about later，I ended up working very late.
A．that B．which
C．what D．when
【解析】　句意：那天晚上我一直工 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )作到很晚，我过后会告诉你关于那晚更详细的情况。本题中两个逗号之间的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，关系代词which代替先行词that evening。解答本题的关键是能够正确分析句子结构。A项that不能引导非限制性定语从句；C项what不能引导定语从句；D项when在从句中作状语，不能作宾语。
【答案】　B
5．(2011·全国卷Ⅱ) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Ted came for the weekend wearing only some shorts and a T－shirt，________is a stupid thing to do in such weather.
A．this B．that
C．what D．which
【解析】　由句式知，非限制性定语从句中缺少主语，故选which。
【答案】　D
6．(2011·江西高考)She ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )showed the visitors around the museum，the construction________had taken more than three years.
A．for which B．with which
C．of which D．to which
【解析】　句意：她带领游客参 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )观了这个博物馆，建设这个博物馆花了三年多的时间。本题考查非限制性定语从句。由于本题中两个分句之间既没有从属连词，又没有并列连词，所以此处应该是一个非限制性定语从句，其中先行词是the museum，和museum之间具有所属关系，所以应该用介词of，故答案为C项。
【答案】　C
7．There are two buildings，________stands a hundred feet high.
A．the larger B．the larger of them
C．the larger one that D．the larger of which
【解析】　句意：那儿有两座楼房，较高的那座有一百英尺高。非限制性定语从句中，关系词作of的宾语，选D。
【答案】　D
8．________，I think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )we should make good use of the Internet and make it serve us people.
A．In time B．In particular
C．In short D．In order
【解析】　in time“及时地”；in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )particular“尤其，特别”；in short“总之，简言之”；in order“井然有序地”。根据题意选C项。
【答案】　C
9．The actor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )________the children with all kinds of tricks，which they________very much.
A．entertained；entertained
B．entertained；enjoyed
C．enjoyed；entertained
D．enjoyed；enjoyed
【解析】　句意：演员用各种把戏哄孩子们玩，孩子们很喜欢。entertain“使快乐”；enjoy“喜欢”。
【答案】　B
10．He had a habit of making humorous________．
A．remarks B．marks
C．sparks D．remarkably
【解析】　句意： 他有一个进行幽默点评的习惯 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。make remarks进行评论，符合句意；make marks留下痕迹；make sparks发出火花，均不合句意，其中D项为副词，与句式不符。
【答案】　A
Ⅱ.选用合适的关系代词或关系副词填空
1．①This is the mountain village ________ we stayed last year.
②This is the mountain village ________ we visited last year.
2．①________ we all know，smoking is harmful to one's health.
②Tom didn't finish his work，________ made his teacher angry.
3．①This is the most interesting film ________ I've ever seen.
②This is an int ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eresting film，of ________ the plot is based on our school life.
4．①Everyone will com ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e to a point ________ they must make choices on their own.
②This is a very important point ________ you must remember.
5．①Can you tell me the reason ________ you were late this morning
②Do you believe the reason ________ he explained at the meeting
6．①Xiamen is such a nice place ________ we all like to visit it.
②Xiamen is such a nice place ________ we all like to visit.
【答案】　1.where；whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch/that　2.As；which　3.that；which　4.where；that/which　5.why；that/which　6.that；as
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握介绍性说明文的写法。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是根据提示写介绍性的说明文，是高考作文中常见的一个方面。学好写介绍性的说明文在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
●新课导入建议
在生活中，我们会向别人介绍 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )某些事物、阐明事理而给人知识，这时我们如果用书面表达的话，就会用到一种实用性很强的文体——介绍性说明文。它通过揭示概念来说明事物特征、本质及其规律性。那么，我们怎样才能把它写好呢？那么我们就通过对本文的学习，了解它的写法。
●教学流程设计
?导入新课。)?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
?让学生快速阅读P41的课文，并完成学案中“语篇理解”部分(见学案第40页)。?
　　　　?
??
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
?　　
Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P39课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．The consequence ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )of food in Australia in the past was that many people were overweight.(　　)
2．There are st ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ill some artificial ingredients in fusion cooking in Australia now.(　　)
【答案】　1－2　TF
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P41课文，选择最佳答案
1．The passage is mainly about ________．
A．a willow tree
B．a love story
C．a pattern plate
2．The Mandarin tried ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )to stop his daughter from marrying the young man，perhaps because ________．
A．the young man was too poor
B．the young man looked down upon the Mandarin
C．the status of the young man was too high
3．Which of the following statements is false
A．The willow pattern plates are kept for special occasions.
B．The first plates of this kind were made in about the 17th century.
C．No original Chinese designs included all the designs together.
【答案】　1－3　CAB
1．consequence n．后果；结果
The consequence was that many people were overweight.(P39)后果就是许多人超重。
As a consequen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ce，he got the first place in this grade exam.结果，他在本次考试中获得了年级第一名。
The young shoul ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d learn to take the consequences of their actions.年轻人应该学会承担自己行动的后果。
as a consequence＝in consequence因此；结果
as a consequence of＝in consequence of由于……的原因
of no/little consequence to sb.对……无关紧要
take/accept the consequences of承担……的后果
She came late as a consequence of heavy rain.
由于下大雨她迟到了。
You have to take the consequences of your actions.
你必须承担自己行动的后果。
完成句子
①这对你重要吗？
Is it__________________________to you
②他勇敢地对他自己的行为后果负责。
He is brave enough to______________________of his own actions.
【答案】　①of any consequence　②accept/take the consequences
2．Altogether，with ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )its ample amount of food and drink and its relaxed way of cooking and serving，the barbecue is not_just a piece of cooking equipment but the word the Australians use for a popular way of entertaining friends.(P39)总之，吃烧烤时不仅配有丰富的食物和饮料，而且其制作上也让人感到轻松，因此，“烧烤架”不仅仅是一种烹饪工具，而且是澳大利亚人所喜爱的招待朋友的方式的代名词。
(1)本句看似很长，其实是个简单的 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )复合句。主语为the barbecue，后面出现并列表语，有not just...but...连接，the word后面出现定语从句。前面的介词with短语作句子的状语，其后出现由第二个and连接的并列宾语，第一个and连接food和drink作of的宾语，第三个and连接cooking和serving。
(2)not just...but...不但……而且……
not just...but和not only...but also同义。
The nurse was not only/just competent but (also) kind.那个护士不但能干而且亲切。
Not just/only the stu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )dents but also the teacher was invited.不仅学生们被邀请，而且那位老师也被邀请了。
【提示】　(1)not only/just...but also连接两个主语时，谓语动词与but also后的主语一致。
(2)not only/just在句首引导从句时，要用倒装语序。
完成句子
①They________________________(不仅闯进办公室而且还)stole his book.
②__________________(不仅你而且她不得不)attend the ceremony.
③____________________(电视不仅吸引)to those who read but also those who can't.
【答案】　①not only/just broke into his office but also
②Not just/only you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )but also she has to　③Not only does the television appeal
3．set fire to sth./set sth.on fire纵火烧……；放火烧……
He and some serv ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ants followed Kun Xi and Chang to the island and set fire to the hut where they were sleeping.(P41)他和几个随从尾随坤喜和阿常来到小岛后，在他们睡觉的时候，放火焚烧了他们的茅舍。
Who set fire to the wood？谁把木头点着了？
He set fire to the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) dry grass and began to dry his wet clothes.他点燃了干草，开始烤他的湿衣服。
catch fire着火
be on fire在燃烧
make/start a fire生火
play with fire玩火；冒险
put out a fire灭火
go through fire and water赴汤蹈火；历尽艰险
The building has been on fire for 2 hours.
这座大楼燃烧了两个小时。
The firefighters put out the fire quickly.
消防人员迅速地扑灭了大火。
用fire的短语填空
①The building ________ suddenly yesterday afternoon.
②Most of us felt hungry，so we ________ to cook.
③I will ________ to finish the task.
④The person was arrested for his ________ his neighbour's house.
【答案】　①caught ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fire　②made a fire　③go through fire and water　④setting fire to
4．transform v．转化；转变
The two of them were k ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )illed in the fire，but their souls were transformed into songbirds，which you can see singing at the top of the picture.(P41)
他们中有两个人在大火中死去，但他们的灵魂转化为鸣禽，在图片的上方你可以看到他们在唱歌。
The educational sys ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tems were transformed a lot，but the load of the students are still very heavy.尽管教育制度得到了很大的改革，但是学生的负担仍然很重。
Success and wealth transformed his character.
成功和财富改变了他的性格。
transform...into...把……改变成……
transform from...从……中转变
transformation n．转化；改变
In the last 20 years， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Korea has been transformed into an advanced industrial power.
在过去的20年里，韩国已变成一个先进的工业强国。
I could hardly believe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) such a great transformation in my hometown.我简直不敢相信我的家乡会发生这样大的变化。
完成句子
①他们把汶川改造成一座地震博物馆。
They have________Wenchuan________an earthquake museum.
②他们仿佛一夜之间由男孩变成了男子汉，高大强健英俊潇洒。
They seem to______________boys to men overnight，tall and strong，handsome and graceful.
【答案】　①transformed；into　②transform from
如何写介绍性的说明文
介绍性说明文的书面习作要求简明扼要，逻辑严密，切忌含糊其辞、模棱两可，更不能出现概念错误或知识性偏差，有以下语言特点：
1．时态相对较为统一，多用一般现在时；
2．以主动语态、陈述句式为主，为了表达的灵活也可以选用其他表达形式；
3．恰当地使用过渡词语充分体现时间顺序、空间顺序及逻辑顺序。
[题目要求]
根据下列提示用英语写一篇短文，介绍关于东西方餐桌礼仪差异。
The differences between Western and Chinese table manners
Western Chinese
Arriving On time Ahead of time
Tableware(餐具) Knife and fork Chopsticks
While drinking Take only a sip Drink at once
Making a toast Raise the glassesbut not touch Raise the glassesand touch
While eating Eat up everythingon the plate Leave some disheson the plate
After eating Have somedessert Have soup ora cup of tea
注意：1.词数：120个左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
[思路点拨]
本篇作文可以从以下几个方面入手：
一、注意文章的时态要用一般现在时；
二、本篇文章可以使用一些被动语态；
三、恰当地使用过渡词。
[词汇热身]
1．餐桌礼仪____________________
2．一副刀叉____________________
3．敬酒____________________
4．提前____________________
【答案】　1.table ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) manners　2.a knife and fork　3.make a toast　4.ahead of time
[句式温习]
1．在中国，你一口气喝干是礼貌的；而在西方，你最好只喝一小口。
In China，________is polite________________，while in the West，you'd better take only a sip.
2．对于中国主人，不把盘里的菜吃完意思是主人准备了足够的菜。
For the Chines ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e host，____________________means that he has served plenty of food.
3．无论你在哪个国家，最安全的办法是记住这句谚语：入乡随俗。
________________country you are in，the safest way is to remember the proverb：when you are in Rome，do as the Romans do.
【答案】　1.it；to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) drink all at once　2.leaving some dishes on the plates　3.No matter which
[连句成篇]　
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The main difference b ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )etween Chinese and western eating habits is that everyone has their own plate of food in the West；in China the dishes are placed on the table and everybody shares.
If you are invited to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a western family，you should come on time；while to a Chinese family you have to be there ahead of time.Chopsticks are traditionally held in the right hand only；while the left hand takes the fork，the right hand uses the knife to cut in the West.In China，it is polite to drink all at once，while in the West，you'd better take only a sip.You may raise your glasses，touch them for Chinese；not necessary for the Westerners when making a toast.
For the Chinese ho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )st，leaving some dishes on the plates means that he has served plenty of food；but for the western host that means the guests don't like the dishes.
After the banquet， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in China tea is usually served，while in the West，dessert is always done.
No matter whi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ch country you are in，the safest way is to remember the proverb：when you are in Rome，do as the Romans do.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．____________v．应给予
2．____________v．使着迷
3．____________adj.臭名昭著的
4．____________adj.开胃的
5．____________n．方式；方法
6．____________v．谈到；说起
7．____________adv.随意地
8．____________n．赞美
9．____________v．吃；喝；消费
10．____________v．比……多
11．____________adj.逐渐的
12．____________n．趋势
13．____________adj.人造的；人工的
14．____________adj.丰富的；充裕的
15．____________adv.总而言之；总共
16．____________v．转化；转变
【答案】　1.owe　2.obsess ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )　3.infamous　4.appetising　5.manner　6.remark　7.casually　8.compliment
9．consume　10.outnumber　11.gradual　12.trend
13．artificial　14.abundant　15.altogether　16.transform
B．词汇拓展
17．________ n．味道；品味→________ v．尝起来→________ adj.美味的
18．________ adv.贪婪地→________ adj.渴望的；贪婪的→________ n．贪欲；贪婪
19．________ adj.固定的→________ v．固定；盯住；修理
20．________ adj.无法辨认的→________ adj.可辨别的；可承认的→________ v．认出；承认
【答案】　17.taste；taste；tasty　18.greedily；greedy；greed
19．fixed；fix　20.unrecognisable；recognisable；recognise
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．____________归功于；应感谢
2．____________迷住；为……所困扰
3．____________难怪；不足为奇
4．____________第一次
5．____________理解；看出；辨认出
6．____________go against
7．____________have something in common with
8．____________set fire to
9．____________on close terms with
10．____________in short
【答案】　1.owe...to　2.be obsessed with　3.no wonder
4．the first time　5.make out　6.违背；对……不利
7．与……有共同点　8.放火烧……　9.与……关系密切　10.总之
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子
11．____________he is late；he missed the early train.
12．I could just ____________ a figure in the darkness.
13．The boy ____________ computers and spent most of his free time surfing the Internet.
14．Your lack of experience will ____________ you.
15．May has been ____________ Lucy for many years.
【答案】　11.No wonder　12. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )make out　13.was obsessed with　14.go against　15.on close terms with
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．It's no_wonder that he'll sign the contract tomorrow.
【句式仿写】　难怪他总在考试中得第一。
________________________________________________________________________
2．The_first_time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the boy came to Shanghai，he was lucky to pay a visit to the East TV Tower.
【句式仿写】　我第一次看到这个男孩就知道他很聪明。
________________________________________________________________________
3．It_was only ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) after I had tasted it that I knew it was actually cooked with mushrooms.
【句式仿写】　我是做完作业以后去看的电影。
________________________________________________________________________
4．He was rude to the boss，which，of course，made things even worse.
【句式仿写】　他考试不及格，这使他父亲很生气。
________________________________________________________________________
5．In many homes，the wi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )llow pattern plates are kept for special occasions，when important guests come to dinner.
【句式仿写】　这不是一个你可以自由发言的场合。
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.It's no wond ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er that he always gets the first place in any examination.　2.The first time I saw the boy，I knew he was clever.　3.It was after I had finished my homework that I went to see the film.　4.He failed in the exam，which made his father very angry.　5.This is not an occasion when you can speak freely.