【课堂新坐标，同步备课参考】2013-2014学年高中英语外研版选修八教师用书Module 4　Which English？

Module 4　Which English？
【美文阅读】
在本模块中我们了解到了一些不同的英语，比 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )如澳大利亚英语、牙买加英语和新加坡英语。虽然英语语言没有—个全球统一的标准，但是我们作为非英语国家的英语学习者应该努力掌握这门国际通用语言。以下是一些不错的学习方法和建议，来读读吧！
Get Ahead with Your English
It was predicted as e ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )arly as the 1700s that English would one day be the global language and that has proved to be the case in the last few decades.The growth of international companies and the great advances in communications have started the trend for learning English as a foreign language.In today's world，being able to speak more than one language，including English，is how you stand out and get ahead.
However，learning Engl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ish as a foreign language is very difficult in the absence of a native language environment.Some respected theories on language acquisition believe that to attain a high level of fluency and accuracy in a foreign language，you need to be surrounded by it.But sadly，the chances that we will all have the opportunity to live in an English speaking country are small.Therefore，most of us have to rely on what we can learn at school as part of the school curriculum.
Our latest En ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )glish curriculum encourages teachers to create a rich language environment in the classroom.What this means is that they make sure there is an adequate amount of input in English conveyed to the students through various media.This can take the form of reading and listening materials which must be of the highest quality.Quality input ensures quality output，whether it is speaking or writing.
To really get ahead ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，however，means putting in extra work outside of the classroom.Experts say that just 15 minutes of extra－curricula study a day can really accelerate foreign language learning.Here are what they recommend：
Setting achievabl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e targets.For example，enlarge your vocabulary by 10 new words every day－five times a week－then revise the words on the weekend.50 new words a week means 200 new words a month.
Listening to an E ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nglish song several times in one week after reading the words.
Watching the news in y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )our own language and then reading an English newspaper or news website.Knowing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.
Watching a fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vourite DVD，but adjusting the language to English in the parts you know well.
Studying wit ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h friends.Test each other and share learning strategies－this makes learning more enjoyable.
Rewarding yourself. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )If you reach a target，treat yourself.Inform a friend of your targets so they can help motivate you as well.
These recommendatio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ns are easily achieved and are well worth the extra effort.However，putting in those extra 15 minutes a day does take dedication.To stay dedicated(专心致志的)，you need to keep in mind why you are learning English.Quite simply，in today's world，English holds the key to a brighter future and a world of possibilities.
【诱思导学】
1．Why should you ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )read an English newspaper or news website after watching the news in your own language
________________________________________________________________________
2．What should you do after you reach your target？Why
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　1.Because know ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ing the main stories before reading will guarantee greater comprehension when reading in English.　2.I should reward myself.Because it can help motivate me.
Period ⅠPreviewing
●教学目标
本课时主要是通过学生对学案所给 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )出的内容的学习，了解本课文中所出现的词汇，初步了解课文以及相关的背景知识，对下一堂课课文的全面理解起到一个铺垫作用。
●教学地位
本模块是关于不同国家间英语的内容。通过 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )本节的教学，让学生了解有关不同国家间英语的差异性，并认识到语言对人们的影响，同时也了解近年来世界各国对汉语学习的重视程度，从而帮助学生开阔视野，发展跨文化的交流。
●新课导入建议
通过some Chinglish(中国式英 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语) 例如“Good good study，day day up(好好学习，天天向上)”“Long time no see(好久不见)”。“Little grass has life，please watch your step”(小草有生命，足下请留情)“I will give you some color see see(我要给你一些颜色看看)．” 来引导出不同国家的英语。
●教学流程设计
??
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
??
　　　　?
?学生再次仔细阅读课文(课本第44－45页)进行深度理解，并完成“课文缩写”(见学案第45页)。?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
??
　　　　?
老师布置作业，让学生看课本第 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )44－45页并完成课本第44－45页1、2、3、4题，预习学案Period Ⅱ(见学案第46－49页), 写一篇关于正反观点的议论文。
Ⅰ.篇章结构
阅读P44－45的Reading部分，完成下列表格(每空不超过3词)
Part 1 Brief introduction to different kinds of English
Paragraph 1 We can 1.______ people through their voice and their
2.________ of words.
Paragraph 2 English 3.________ across the world and can sound different from place to place.
Paragraph 3 There is no 4.________ of English that everyone can agree on and what 5.________ is that speakers can understand each other.
Part 2
English spoken in Australia
Paragraph 4 How 6.________ English formed.
Paragraph 5 7.________between Australian English and other varieties of English.
Part 3
English spoken in Jamaica and Singapore
Paragraph 6 The English spoken i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n Jamaica has some of the 8.________ of the African languages.
Paragraph 7 The most 9.________ variety of English spoken in Singapore is known as 10.________.
【答案】　1.recognise　2 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).choice　3.is spoken　4.standard form　5.matters　6.Australian　7.The main differences　8.grammatical features　9.common　10.Singlish
Ⅲ.语篇理解
阅读P44－45的Reading部分，选择最佳答案
1．The main idea of this passage is________．
A．British English in Australia
B．varieties of English
C．English in Singapore
2．The main differen ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ces between Australian English and other varieties of English are________．
A．pronunciation and spelling
B．individual sounds
C．individual sounds and intonation patterns
3．Many varieties of English are produced________．
A．because of the colonial expansion of Britain
B．because of the process of trade，exploration and business
C．because America becomes stronger and stronger
4．What did the autho ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r think the woman wanted to do when he heard Emma Chissit
A．To ask him a question.
B．To buy the book.
C．To sign his name on the book.
5．What was set up in Singapore in 1999
A．Language Spoken In Minnan.
B．The Speak Good English Movement.
C．Singapore Language Center.
【答案】　1.B　2.C　3.B　4.C　5.B
Ⅲ.课文缩写
用所给单词或短语的正确形式完成课文缩写
pattern，where，fea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ture，as，on，debate，create，lie in，model，impossible　　English is spoken 1.________ an official language in more than 60 countries across the world and it can sound very different form place to place.Although most people believe there is a right and a wrong way to speak English，there is not really a standard from that everyone can agree 2.________．Professors of linguistics，writers and teachers all worry about providing a perfect 3.________ to follow but as it is so widely spoken，it has become 4.________ to say which English is“correct”and which is“incorrect”．Perhaps correctness doesn't matter－as long as speakers can understand each other.
The main differenc ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )es between Australian English and other varieties of English 5.________ the individual sounds and intonation 6.________．Sometimes it is difficult for British and American people to understand the Australian accent.In other countries 7.________ English is spoken as a first language this is not the case.The variety of English spoken in Jamaica，and other Caribbean countries，has some of the grammatical 8.________ of the African languages spoken by the ancestors of the Jamaican people.On the other side of the world，in Singapore，English is a second language，spoken by about half the population.Today there is a 9.________ in Singapore about which variety of English is the best：Singlish，or a variety closer to British English，which is the aim of the Speak Good English Movement 10.________ in 1999.
【答案】　1.as　2.on　3.model　4.impossible　5.lie in
6．patterns　7.where　8.features　9.debate　10.created
Ⅰ.词义搭配
1．recognisable　　A．very special，unusual or good
2．instantly B．a wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y of speaking a language that is used only in a particular area or by a particular group
3．count C．a s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )light sign that someone has been present or that sth.has happened
4．trace D．so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meone who writes books，articles etc.，especially as their job
5．dialect E．able to be recognized
6．author F．immediately
7．unique G．to be of value or importance
8．convince H．to make sb.believe that sth.is true
【答案】　1.E　2.F　3.G　4.C　5.B　6.D　7.A　8.H
Ⅱ.短语填空
lie in，or rather，rath ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er than，tell...apart，as well as，as long as，in particular，count on
1．Mary prefers to dance ________ sing a song.
2．He is a foreigner，________ an American.
3．The guard is a reliable man and you can ________ him.
4．________ you promise something to him，you'd better do it.
5．John，________ his pa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rents has been to Guangzhou during their holiday.
6．Can you ________ the twin sisters ________？
【答案】　1.rather than　2.o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r rather　3.count on　4.As long as　5.as well as　6.tell；apart
Ⅲ.句型背诵
1．In_this_sens ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e everybody's use of language—whether_English，Chinese，or_any_other —is different.
从这个意义上来说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语或者任何其他语言——都是不一样的。
2．You could say ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that there are as_many_varieties_of_English，or any other language for that matter，as there are speakers of it.可以这样说，对英语或者任何别的语言而言，有多少使用者，该语言就有多少种变体。
3．Perhaps correctness ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) doesn't matter－as_long_as speakers can understand each other－it's communication that counts．
正确与否或许不要紧——只要说话的人互相明白就行——重要的是交流本身。
Period ⅡIntroduction & Reading and Vocabulary
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对这些词汇的理解能够更深层次的理解课文，并通过课文加深对这些词汇的理解，更加熟练的运用这些词汇。
(4)通过对本课文的理解，让学生学会用英语写正反观点的议论文，提高学生的英语书面表达能力。
●教学地位
单词和短语是构成句子的最小单位，在语言学习中起至关重要的作用，所以理解和正确应用英语单词和短语是英语学习的重点所在。
●新课导入建议
Hello，everyone.Now ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I'd like to ask ××× to read his /her composition.(老师让×××同学读一读他/她的作文)。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“互动探究”(见学案第46－49页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
　　　　?
?布置作业。让学生完成课本第47页第1、3 题和第50页第3 题，完成“课时作业”和预习Period Ⅲ(见学案第49－53页)。
1．instantly adv.立即；马上 conj.一……就……
The quality of so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )meone's voice and their choice of words make a person instantly recognisable，even though you can't see him or her.(P44)一个人的音质和词汇的选择能让他(她)立即被辨认出来，即使你看不见他(她)。
He has an instantly recognisable face.
他长着一副一眼就能认得出来的面孔。
Tell me instantly he arrives.他一到达就告诉我。
immediately/the instant/the moment/the minute
一……就……
instant adj.立即的；紧迫的；刻不容缓的；(食品)速溶的；方便的 n．瞬间；片刻
in an instant立即；一会儿之后
for an instant瞬间；一会儿
at that/this instant就在那/这瞬间
I'll be with you in an instant.我立即去找你。
Just for an instant，I thought he was going to refuse.
刹那间，我认为他打算拒绝。
完成句子
①我一看到他就认出他正是警方在寻找的那个人。
________I saw him，I knew he was the man the police were looking for.
②我马上就回来。
I'll be back__________________．
【答案】　①Instantly/ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )The instant/Immediately/The moment/The minute　②instantly/in an instant
2．In this sense eve ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rybody's use of language—whether English，Chinese，or any other—is different.(教材P44)
从这种意义上说，每个人对语言的使用——不管是英语、汉语，还是其他任何一种语言——都是不同的。
本句中“whether Engli ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sh，Chinese，or any other”作language的同位语，对language作解释说明，其中whether...or...作“不论……还是……”解，用于连接平行结构，作此意解时，whether...or...，还常用于引导让步状语从句。
He seemed undecided whether to go or stay.
他似乎还没有决定去留。
Whether the weathe ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r is fine or not tomorrow，I will pay him a visit.无论明天天气好坏，我都会去看他。
【提示】　whether/if的用法区别：
引导宾语从句时，两者的含义区别很小，一般可通用。
用whether，不用if的情况有：
与or或or not连用时；作介词的宾 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )语时；在动词不定式之前；discuss后的宾语从句中；主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句中；在容易引起混淆产生歧义的情况下，就不可用if，而须用whether。
用whether/if填空
①________she wins or loses，this is her last tournament.
②We should find out________the museum is open.
【答案】　①Whether　②whether/if
3．tell sth.apart区分开
It is also q ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )uite easy to tell British and American English apart.(P44)要将英式英语和美式英语分辨开来也很容易的。
The twins are much too alike，I can't tell them apart.
这对双胞胎长得太像了，我分不清他们谁是谁。
It's almost impos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sible to tell Mary and Lucy apart since they had their hair cut.
几乎不可能把玛丽与露茜区分开，因为她们都理发了。
tell...from...把……与……区分开
to tell the truth说实话
tell...by...根据……判断……
tell the difference说出区别
To tell the truth，I don't like her.说实话，我不喜欢她。
Can you tell the difference between them
你能说出他们之间的区别吗？
用适当的介/副词填空
①Many people may be unable to tell the fake________the original one.
②I don't know which one is mine.I can't tell them________．
【答案】　①from　②apart
4．Perhaps co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rrectness doesn't matter—as_long_as speakers can understand each other—it's communication that counts．(P44)也许正确与否不要紧——只要说话者互相明白就行——重要的是交流。
(1)matter vi.重要；要紧；有关系(常用于疑问句和否定句中)
What does it matter？这有什么关系？
All these things do not matter now.
所有这一切现在都无关紧要了。
①It doesn't matter.没关系。
②matter n．事情；问题；麻烦事；毛病；物质
It is a matter of...这是一个……的问题。
What's the matter (with...)？(……)怎么了？出了什么毛病？
as a matter of fact事实上；实际上
no matter wh－/how...无论……；不管……
It was a matter of life and death for them.
这事对他们来说生死攸关。
What's the matter with Bill？比尔怎么了？
Matter exists in three states：solid，liquid and gas.
物质以三种形态存在，即固态、液态和气态。
完成句子
①事实上，blog这个词是webblog的缩写。
__________________，blog is short for webblog.
②无论发生什么事，都不要气馁。
__________________happens，don't be discouraged.
③你做什么对我无所谓。
__________________what you do.
【答案】　①As a matter of fact　②No matter what
③It doesn't matter to me
(2)as long as只要(引导条件状语从句)
You can go out to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) play as long as you stay in the back yard.只要不出后院，你可以出去玩。
提示：主要的另外两种表达：
so long as
on condition that...
④－Our holiday cost a lot of money.
－Did it？Well，that doesn't matter________you enjoyed yourselves.
A．as long as　　　　　　　B．unless
C．as soon as D．though
【解析】　句意：——我们的假期耗费了我们很多钱。——是吗？只要你们玩得高兴，那没什么关系。as long as只要。
【答案】　A
(3)count vt.& vi.计数；认为；指望(＋on)；重要；有价值；起作用 n．总数；数数
His opinions count because of his experience.
因为他有经验，所以他的意见很重要。
You can't always count on the help from others.
你不能总是指望别人的帮助。
count on/upon＝rely on依赖；依靠；期待；指望
count...(as...)认为(某事物或某人)……
count against sb.认为对某人不利
count in把(某事物或某人)算在内
count for nothing没有任何价值
It/That doesn't count.那不算数/那不重要。
See how many cup ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s we have，but don't count in the cracked ones.看看我们有多少杯子，不过不要把这几个有裂纹的算进去。
I'm counting on you to help me.
我指望着你帮我的忙。
完成句子
⑤We must value the time in class，______________(每一秒钟都很重要)．
⑥You can ______________(指望他帮忙)．
【答案】　⑤every second counts　⑥count on him to help
5．or rather＝exactly speaking更确切地说
Or rather，Hello！Do you speak Australian？(P44)
更确切地说，你好！你说澳大利亚语吗？
I will meet him，or rather I will ask him to meet me.
我要见他，或者更确切地说，我要请他来见我。
He walked，or rather，ran to the office this morning.
今天上午他走着，更确切地说，跑着去办公室的。
,
\x(\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(would rather do...than do...,would do...rather than do...,prefer to do...rather than do...))宁愿做……,而不愿做……),rather than 而不是……,would rather＋从句 宁愿……)
Ｋ
It's what he did rather than what he said moved me.
是他做的而不是他说的感动了我。
I'd prefer to go in summer rather than go in winter.
我宁愿夏天去而不愿冬天去。
I would rather you came tomorrow.我宁愿你明天来。
—Do you mind if I open the window
—________ I feel a bit cold.
A．Of course not. B．I'd rather you didn't.
C．Go ahead. D．Why not
【解析】　考查情景对话。根 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )据下一句“我觉得有点冷”可知，说话者不想让对方开窗户。of course not当然不介意；C项和D项是鼓励或建议对方开窗户，均与题意不符。
【答案】　B
6．lie in在于；处于某种状态；位于
But the main di ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )fferences between Australian English and other varieties of English lie in the individual sounds and intonation patterns.(P44)但澳大利亚英语和其他几种英语的最主要区别在于单音和音调模式。
His success lies in his hard work.
他的成功在于勤奋的工作。
Happiness doesn't lie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )in happiness，but in the achievement of it.幸福不在于它本身，而在于追求的过程。
lie down躺下休息
lie in/on/to the east of位于……的东部/东面
lie awake醒着
She likes to lie down for a while after lunch.
她喜欢午饭后躺一会儿。
Japan lies to the east of China.
日本位于中国的东部。
【助记】
分清“因”与“果”
句式转换
①The accident lies in the driver's driving after drinking heavily.
→The driver's driving after drinking heavily ________ the accident.
②The terrible accident resulted from his carelessness.
→The terrible accident ________ his carelessness.
【答案】　①leads to　②lay in
7．debate n．辩论；讨论 v．讨论；争论；思考
Today there is a d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ebate in Singapore about which variety of English is the best...(P45)今天在新加坡有一种关于哪种英语最好的争论……
A fierce debate on the tax cut was going on.
一场围绕着减税的辩论正在激烈地进行中。
The government is debating the education laws.
政府正在就教育法进行辩论。
have/hold a debate on/over/about...
举行一场关于……的辩论
under debate在讨论中
debate sth.with sb.与某人讨论
debate on/over/about就……辩论
The whole question is still under debate.
整个问题还在讨论之中。
Whether he d ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eserves what has happened to him is open to debate.他是否罪有应得还有待于讨论。
完成句子
①The proposal is still ______________(在讨论中)．
②I ______________(和玛丽辩论)this question.
【答案】　①under debate　②debated with Mary about
Period ⅢIntegrating Skills & Grammar
●教学目标
(1)熟记学案中所列出的单词和短语。
(2)通过学案中所给出的重点单词和重点短语的学习，让学生能够正确理解和使用这些单词和短语，能够运用这些词语造句。
(3)通过对语法的教学让学生能够理解并能够运用这些语法知识，能够正确运用状语和状语从句。
●教学地位
语法是学生感到比较难以掌 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )握的东西。让学生正确理解和掌握语法知识是让学生学好英语的关键，所以应给学生创设一个语境，让学生理解该语法的应用，而不要让学生死记硬背语法条文，应从理解的基础上去运用这些语法。
●新课导入建议
通过对学生作业的检查导入本堂新课。
●教学流程设计
??让学生就“要点讲练”(见学案第49－51页)进行讨论，让学生各自发表自己的见解，然后让各个讨论组派代表汇报各自讨论结果。
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
让学生讨论完成“语法精析”部分(见学 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )案第51－53页)并让各个讨论组发表各自见解。?老师针对难点和重点词汇进行讲解，并补充学案中所遗漏的重点词汇，补充一些必要的练习。?
　　　　?
??
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　?
　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　布置作业 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )。让学生完成课本第53－54页1、2、4、5题，预习学案Period Ⅳ Cultural Corner & Writing(见学案第54－56页)。?
1．complain v．抱怨
What does the man complain about？(P48)
那个人抱怨什么？
You complain of havi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ng too much to do.If it comes to that，we are all busy.
你抱怨工作太忙。如果说忙，我们大家都很忙。
I'm going to complain to the manager about this.
我要就这件事向经理投诉。
①complain to sb.of/about sth.
因某事向某人抱怨、埋怨
②complaint n．抱怨；投诉；控告
make a complaint about就……提出投诉
a formal complaint正式控告
He never complains to me about the work.
他从来没向我报怨过这份工作。
The most common complaint is about poor service.
最常见的投诉与服务差有关。
完成句子
①你不能仅仅因为我旅行不多就像对傻瓜那样对待我！我将向经理投诉！
You can't treat me ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )like a fool just because I don't travel much！I'm going to____________the manager!
②[谚]经常诉苦，少人同情。
He who makes constant________gets little compassion.
【答案】　①complain to　②complaints
2．It_is_estimated_that ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) 1.3 billion people will use English as either a first or a second language by 2050.(P51)
据估计到2050年，有13亿人会把英语作为第一或第二语言。
it is estimated that...据估计……。句中的it为形式主语，that引导的从句是真正的主语。
It is estimated ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) that he has known the truth of the matter.据估计他已经知道事情的真相了。
It's estimated th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )at 3，000 people will attend the meeting.据估计有3 000人要参加这个会议。
①句型“It＋be＋过去分词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )＋that”中常用的过去分词有：said，reported，considered，believed，hoped，suggested，estimated，admitted等。
②下列三种句型可以相互转换
It＋be＋过去分词＋that
→People say/think...＋that...
→Sb./Sth.＋be＋过去分词＋不定式
It's thought that cancer is incurable.
一般认为癌症是无法治愈的。
It is believed that health is above wealth.
一般人都相信健康重于财富。
【提示】　(1)该句型中that引导主语从句不能省略。
(2)表示命令(order，command) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，建议(suggest，propose，advise等)，要求(require，request，demand，insist)的动词用于本句型时，从句要用should＋v.结构，should可省略。
完成句子
①相信他是诚实的。
____________________he is honest.
②建议你花更多的时间学英语。
It is suggested that____________in studying English.
【答案】　①It is believed that　②you (should)spend more time
3．acquire v．获得；得到；学到；养成习惯、嗜好
New dialects acquire ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) their own complex features until they become real languages in their own right.(教材P51)新的方言寻找他们自己的综合特点，直到他们变成真正的语言。
She acquired a good kn ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )owledge of English by careful study.她因认真学习而精通英语。
She has acquired a taste for bananas recently.
她最近开始喜欢吃香蕉了。
gain/acquire/earn/achieve
gain 收获；获得。指获得有用或必需的东西。可以用于体重、力量的增加，奖学金的获得，更常用于经验、知识、教育、满足等的获得。
acquire 购得，得到(尤指昂贵的或难以得到的东西)；获得，掌握(知识、技能等)。
earn 取得；赚得。通常指通过工作挣钱，也可以用于应该得到的东西，如支持、认同、声望或尊敬。
achieve 得到，获得。多指成就、目标、幸福的取得。
Step by step he gained the child's confidence.
他一步步地获得了孩子们的信任。
He earned lots of money by fishing.
通过捕鱼他挣到了很多钱。
用gain/acquire/earn/achieve的适当形式填空
①The movie star________success and wealth.
②He ________a lot of praise from the public.
③I'm new in the job but I'm already ________experience.
④I took on it as an opportunity to________fresh skills.
【答案】　①achieved　②earned　③gaining　④acquire
4．convinced adj.确信的；信服的
Experts are con ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vinced that this will happen in the future as more and more people learn English and call it their own.(P51)专家深信随着越来越多的人说英语，并且把它叫做自己的语言，这件事在将来会发生。
I was convinced that we were doing the right thing.
我确信我们做的事情是正确的。
What he said convinced me that I was mistaken.
他的一番话，使我认识到我错了。
①be convinced of/about sth.坚信；确信……
be convinced that...坚信；确信……
②convince v．(使)相信；使确信
convince sb.of sth.使某人信服某事
convince sb.that...使某人确信……
convince sb.to do sth.说服/劝说某人做某事
③convincing adj.有说服力的，令人信服的
We finally convinced them of our innocence.
我们终于使他们相信我们是无辜的。
What convinced you to vote for them
究竟是什么使得你愿意投他们的票？
用convince的适当形式填空
We__________that Wang ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Meng won a________victory in Vancouver Winter Olympic Games.
【答案】　are convinced；convincing
5．in conclusion总之；最后
In conclusion，...used to finish the text.(P52)
总之，……用来结束全文。
In conclusion，I can't thank you enough.
总之，我真是太感谢你了。
In conclusion ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，I'd like to thank you for your coming to the meeting.最后，我对各位出席这次会议表示感谢。
reach/draw a conclusion得出结论；下结论
come to/arrive at a conclusion得出结论
conclude v．结束；下结论；推断
From these facts we can draw some conclusions.
从这些事实我们可以得出一些结论。
He concluded ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that the accident had been caused by human error.他认定这次事故是人为失误造成的。
完成句子
①最后，我要感谢你们为我所做的一切。
__________________，I'd like to thank you for all you've done for me.
②你得出了什么结论？
What________did you________？
【答案】　①In conclusion　②conclusion；come to/reach/draw
　
观察下列从Reading中选取的句子，体会画线部分作状语的用法。
①Your skirt is very different from mine.
②He walks very slowly.
③Please speak louder so that I can hear clearly．
④We have decided t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )o visit the museum even_though/if_it_rains_tomorrow．
[自我总结]　(1)状语可以用来修饰________、________、________或________等。
(2)能作状语的有：________、________、________、________、________、________或________等。
【答案】　(1)形容词；副词；动词；句子　(2)副词、少数形容词(短语)、介词短语、名词、非谓语动词、独立结构、句子
状语和状语从句
一、状语
1．概念
状语是用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )整个句子的成分；通常用副词、介词短语、非谓语动词、独立主格结构或从句等充当，表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、条件、目的、结果、让步、伴随等意义。
2．状语的位置
一般说来状语在句中的位置比较灵活， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )它可以处于句首、句中或句末。修饰形容词的状语，通常放在所修饰的词之前。修饰动词的状语，一般放在所修饰的动词之后。但有些副词，如always，often，usually，never，ever等作状语时，常置于句中，放在实义动词之前，be动词或第一个助动词之后。
3．状语的构成和分类
(1)副词：修饰形容词、副词或动词以及介词短语。
It sounds very different from place to place.
各地英语听起来差别很大。
(2)形容词：作伴随、条件、原因状语。
Full of hope，t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he local people are working hard to rebuild their hometown.心中充满希望，当地人们正在努力工作重建自己的家园。
(3)现在分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的执行者。
Having lived abr ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )oad for twenty years，the old man returned to his hometown where he was brought up.
在国外居住了20年后，那位老人回到了养育他的故乡。
(4)过去分词：分词的逻辑主语为动作的承受者。
Injured in the ear ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thquake，the ten－year－old boy lost his two legs forever.在地震中受伤后，那位10岁的男孩永远地失去了自己的双腿。
(5)不定式：表示动作在将来发生，作目的、结果、原因状语。
We were sorry to h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ear that a terrible earthquake occurred in Gansu in July，2013.我们非常遗憾地听到2013年7月甘肃发生了一场可怕的地震。
(6)介词短语：作原因、地点、时间、条件、让步等状语。
The Shanghai Worl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d Exposition Garden was open to all visitors for 184 days.上海世博园对游客开放了184天。
(7)独立主格结构：非谓语动词、形容词、介词短语、副词(拥有自己的逻辑主语)作状语。
Spring coming on，the trees turned green.
春天来了，树木变绿了。
(8)with复合结构：with/without的宾语后跟补足语。
The day is bright with a fresh breeze blowing.
天气晴朗，吹着一股清风。
(9)名词及其词组：表示时间的名词或短语作时间状语。
I will stay another five months.我将再待5个月。
二、状语从句
状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )词、形容词或副词，按意义可分为时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、方式、比较、让步等状语从句。状语从句通常由从属连词或起连词作用的词组引导。从句的位置放在句首，也可放在句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用一个逗号；放在句末时，从句前一般不用逗号。
1．时间状语从句
时间状语从句是表示时间关系的从句。可以引导时间状语从句的连词有很多，根据意义和主从句之间的时间关系，通常可分为以下几种情况：
(1)when/while/as引导时间状语从句
when 从句中可用短暂性动词(表示时间点)，也可用延续性动词(表示时间段)
while 在……期间，从句的动作是延续性的，侧重表示和主句动作同时进行
as 侧重于主从句的动作同时进行，常译为“一边……一边……，随着……”
When I got home，my family were having dinner.
当我到家时，全家正在吃晚饭。
While the teacher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) paraphrased the text in English，the students listened attentively and took notes.当老师用英语解释课文时，学生们在专心地听并做笔记。
As the stude ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nts walked to their dorms，they sang happily.学生们一边往宿舍走，一边快乐地唱着歌。
As time goes on，it's getting warmer and warmer.
随着时间的推移，天气变得越来越暖和了。
(2)since引导时间状语从句
since意为“自……以来”，引导时间状语从句时，主句用现在完成(进行)时，从句中用短暂性动词的一般过去式。
They have lived happily since they got married in 1950.
自1950年结婚以来，他们一直生活得很幸福。
【提示】　若since引导的状语从句中动词是延续性的，它表示的时间从该动作或状态结束时算起。
It is three years since he lived here.
他不在这儿住有三年了。
(3)before/after引导时间状语从句
I had written ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) my dissertation before my supervisor went abroad.在导师出国之前，我已经完成了我的学术论文。
After the boy ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d finished his homework，he played football with his friends.
男孩完成作业后，和他的朋友们去踢足球了。
【提示】　before经常翻译成“……才……，趁……，还没(来得及)……就”。
He ran off before I could stop him.
我还没来得及阻止他，他就跑掉了。
(4)till/until引导时间状语从句
a．如果主句的谓语动词是延续性动词，就常用肯定式表示“直到……为止”；如果主句的谓语动词是瞬间动词，就常用否定表示“直到……才”。
He will remain in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) college until(till)he finishes his Ph.D course.他将留在学校里面直到完成他的博士学位课程。
I will not go with you until(till)I finish my homework.
等我做完作业我才和你一起去。
b．当not until位于句首时，主句中的主语、谓语要使用倒装语序。
Not until she stopped crying did I leave.
直到她不哭了，我才离开。
until 引导的从句可位于主句之前或之后；用于强调句型
till 引导的从句一般置于主句之后；不用于强调句型
It was not until s ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )he took off her sunglasses that I recognised her.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她。
(5)表示“一……就……”的时间状语从句
as soon as，once，i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mmediately，instantly，directly，the moment，the minute，the instant，the second，no sooner...than，hardly...when，scarcely...when等引导的从句都表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即就发生了，即“一……就……”。
As soon as we got home，the telephone rang.
我们一到家，电话就响了。
He said he'd turn on the TV the moment he got home.
他说他一到家就打开电视机。
【提示】　(1)hardly/scar ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cely...when，no sooner...than引导的时间状语从句中用一般过去时，主句中用过去完成时。
(2)当hardly/scarcely/no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。
Hardly had she f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )allen asleep when a knock at the door woke her up.她刚要睡着，忽然敲门声把她吵醒了。
(6)next time ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，the first time，the last time，every time，by the time等引导时间状语从句
Be sure to call on us next time you come to town.
下次你进城一定来看我们。
By the time you came back，I had finished this book.
到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。
【提示】　by the time引导的时间状语从句时态为一般现在时态，其主句常用将来完成时；从句时态为一般过去时态，其主句常用过去完成时。
2．让步状语从句
让步状语从句由although，thou ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )gh，while(虽然；尽管)，as，even if，even though(即使)，however，whatever，whoever，whomever，whichever，whenever，wherever，whether...or...(不管……还是……)，no matter(who，what，etc.)等引导。
Although they la ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ck official support，they continue their struggle.他们虽然没有得到官方的支持，但仍然继续奋斗。
Even if you fail，you will have gained experience.
纵然你失败，你也会得到一些经验。
【提示】　as引导让步状语从句时，从句的表语、状语副词或动词原形通常提到句首倒装，形成：表语/状语副词/动词原形＋as＋主语＋谓语。
Child as he is，he has to earn his living on his own.
尽管他是一个孩子，他不得不自己谋生。
3．条件状语从句
条件状语从句由if(如果)，un ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )less(除非)，as long as(＝so long as)(只要)，in case(that)(如果，万一)，on condition that(条件是)，suppose，supposing that，provided/providing that(假如)等引导。
I will buy a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) computer if I am able to save up enough money.如果我能存下足够的钱，我就买台电脑。
【提示】　在条件、时间和让步状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时，用现在完成时表示将来完成时，用一般过去时表示过去将来时。
Unless the weat ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )her was bad，my father always used to take a walk in the evening.
除非天气不好，我的父亲晚上总是去散步。
4．原因状语从句
引导原因状语从句的有as，because，since，now(that)，considering that，seeing that等。
You shouldn't get angry only because some people speak ill of you.
你不该仅仅因为有些人说了你的坏话就生气。
Since you're not interested，I won't tell you about it.
既然你不感兴趣，那我就不告诉你了。
5．结果状语从句和目的状语从句
(1)引导结果状语从句的连词有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so...that，such...that(如此……以至于)，so that(以至于，所以)等。结果状语从句通常置于主句之后。
I didn't plan the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) work well，so that I didn't finish it in time.我没把工作计划好，结果没按时完成。
The scientist's repo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rt was so instructive that we were all very excited.
科学家的报告很有教育性，我们感到很兴奋。
(2)引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that，in order that，lest，for fear that，in case。
They started early so that they might arrive in time.
他们早点动身，以便准时到达。
Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold.
最好多带些衣服以防天气会冷。
6．地点状语从句
引导地点状语从句的连词有wher ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e(在……地方)，wherever(无论哪里)，everywhere(到处)，anywhere(任何地方)等。
You can go wherever you like these days.
这些天你可以去你想去的任何地方。
7．方式状语从句和比较状语从句
(1)方式状语从句常由as，as if，as though等词引导，通常位于主句之后。
He acted as if/though nothing had happened.
他装得似乎什么事也未发生过。
(2)比较状语从句由as...as；more...than；the more...，the more...等引导。
Our new school is four times as big as the old one.
我们的新学校是老学校的四倍大。
三、状语从句的省略
在时间、地点、条件、方式或让步状语从句 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )中，如果谓语含有动词be，主语又和主句中的主语一致，或者主语是it，常把从句中的主语和谓语动词be省略。
Look out for cars when crossing the street.
(＝Look out for cars when you are crossing the street.)
过街时当心车辆。
If possible(＝If it i ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s possible)，I'd like to have two copies of it.可能的话，我想要两本。
Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2013·湖南高考)Y ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ou must learn to consult your feelings and your reason________you reach any decision.
A．although　　　　　　　B．before
C．because D．unless
【解析】　althoug ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )h“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句；before“在……之前”，引导时间状语从句；because“因为”，引导原因状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句。句意：做任何决定之前，必须学会尊重自己的情感与理智。空格前后的时间先后意味较为明显，所以答案为B。
【答案】　B
2．(2013·江苏高考)In the ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )global economy，a new drug for cancer，______ it is discovered，will create many economic possibilities around the world.
A．whatever B．whoever
C．wherever D．whichever
【解析】　通过分析句子结构可知，___ ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )_____ it is discovered在句中作状语。在这个状语从句中，不缺少构成句子的主要成分，所以引导词只能在从句中作状语，从而选择具有副词性质的词成为答题的关键。分析四个选项可知符合条件的只有C项(wherever)，故答案选C。句意：在全球经济中，无论是在哪儿发现一种治疗癌症的新药物，这都将会在全球产生很多经济方面的可能性。
【答案】　C
3．(2013·江西高考)If________to look after luggage for someone else, inform the police at once.
A．asked B．to ask
C．asking D．having asked
【解析】　句意：如果被要求为他人 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )照看行李，请立即通知警察。主句为祈使句，省略了主语you，根据语境可知，条件状语从句中ask与you之间为动宾关系，故选A项。
【答案】　A
4．(2013·陕西高考) ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )I have heard a lot of good things about you________I came back from abroad.
A．since B．until
C．before D．when
【解析】　从题干中的“have h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )eard”可知是“已经听说”，所以应该是“自从我回来”，因此要用since引导时间状语从句。句意：自从我从国外回来，我听到了很多关于你的好消息。
【答案】　A
5．(2012·山东高考)H ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e smiled politely ________ Mary apologized for her drunken friends.
A．as B．if
C．unless D．though
【解析】　句意：当玛丽因她醉酒的朋友向 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )他道歉时，他礼貌地微笑着。四个选项均为连词。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句；unless“除非”，引导条件状语从句；though“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。as可引导时间状语从句，表示主从句动作同时发生或前后紧接着发生，常常译为“(正当)……的时候，随着……，一边……一边……”，故只有as符合句意。
【答案】　A
6．________，I would li ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ke to express my wish to meet you again at the next Olympic Games.
A．In case B．In common
C．On behalf D．In conclusion
【解析】　句意：最后，我 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )希望我们能在下一届奥运会上再度相会。in conclusion“总之”；in case“万一”；in common“共同的”；on behalf“代表”。
【答案】　D
7．It is strongly sugge ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sted that measures________students to cheat in the exams.
A．be taken to prevent B．be taken to forbid
C．are taken to prevent D．are taken to forbid
【解析】　suggest当“建 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )议”讲，从句应使用虚拟语气；should＋动词原形或把should省略，由此排除C、D两项；prevent的用法是prevent sb.from doing sth.，而forbid的用法是forbid sb.to do sth.。
【答案】　B
8．Employees________about the low wages，and the long working hours.
A．complain B．explain
C．compromise D．blame
【解析】　句意：雇员们抱怨薪水低和工作时 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )间长。complain“抱怨”；explain“解释”；compromise“妥协”；blame“责备”。
【答案】　A
9．(2012·德州高二检测)L ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ucy has________all of the goals she set for herself in high school and is ready for new challenges at university.
A．acquired B．finished
C．concluded D．achieved
【解析】　achieve one's goal达到某人的目标。
【答案】　D
10．Scientists ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) are convinced________the positive effect of laughter________physical and mental health.
A．of；at B．by；in
C．of；on D．on；at
【解析】　句意：科学家们确信大笑对身心健康的积极影响。be convinced of是固定短语，后面表示“对……的影响”，所以用on。
【答案】　C
Ⅱ.用适当的连词填空。
1．________ there is a will，there is a way.
2．The teacher rais ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ed his voice ________ the students at the back could hear more clearly.
3．My friends like me ________ I'm handsome and successful.
4．We must strike ________ the iron is hot.
5．She treats Tom very well ________ he were her own son.
6．________ the boy is not very clever，I still like him.
7．________ possible，I'd like to have two copies.
8．When in Rome，do ________ the Romans do.
【答案】　1.Where　2.so that　3.because　4.while
5．as if　6.Though/Although　7.If　8.as
Period ⅣCultural Corner & Writing
●教学目标
(1)掌握本学案中所给出的词汇，能够理解并能熟练运用。
(2)理解课文。
(3)听懂课文中所给出的听力材料。
(4)能够根据课文中所提出的问题，发表自己的看法和给出学生认为合理的建议。
(5)掌握正反观点的议论文的模式。
●教学地位
本课时的内容是掌握正反观点议论文的模式，这是高考作文中常见的一种写作类型。正反观点议论文的写作方法在高考中占有相当重要的地位。
●新课导入建议
“在生活中，对同一事物和问题 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )人们常有不同的看法。”这是中学英语作文常见的题目，也是高考中常出现的题目。我们应该怎样写这类的作文呢？那么我们就通过对本节课的学习，了解并学好如何写这类的作文。
●教学流程设计
?导入新课。)?
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Ⅰ.判断正误
阅读P55课文，判断正(T)误(F)
1．More and more people in the world want to learn Chinese.(　　)
2．All speakers of oth ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )er languages think Chinese must be very difficult.(　　)
【答案】　1.T　2.F
Ⅱ.语篇理解
阅读P53课文，选择最佳答案
1．English has ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )a number of colourful expressions which are hard to understand because ________．
A．they don't make sense
B．they are old－fashioned
C．they may refer to ideas beyond the simple meaning of the words.
2．An advertising slogan is probably ________．
A．an amusing saying in advertising
B．a reply to a customer in a shop
C．an expression ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) which is associated with a product in an advertisement
【答案】　1.C　2.C
1．be relevant to与……有关(to为介词)
The dilemma is to ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )know which are explicit，which are figurative，and why they are relevant to an everyday situation.(P53)困难之处就在于弄清哪些是明确的含义，哪些是比喻意义，为什么它们跟现实生活的某些情景是相关的。
What they are dis ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )cussing is not relevant to the present question.他们所讨论的与目前的问题无关。
What experience do yo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )u have that is relevant to this position？你有哪些和这个职位相关的经验？
,
\x(relevant adj.有 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )关的；切题的,relevance n．关联；相关,have relevance to 和……相关；与……有联系,relevantly adv.相关联的,\b\lc\ \rc\}(\a\vs4\al\co1(be connected with...,be relevant to.../have relevance to...,be related to...,have something to do with...))和……有关,联(关系)))
Ｋ
Do you have the relevant experience
你有相关的经历吗？
What he said has no ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) direct relevance to the matter in hand.他所说的话与眼下的事没有直接关系。
完成句子
①这些事实和此案有关。
These facts ________________________the case.
②她已搜集了一切有关的信息。
She has gathered all the ______________________．
【答案】　①are relevant to　②relevant information
2．convey vt. & vi.传达；传递；传播；表达(想法、感受)
Idioms are pictu ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )resque or absurd expressions conveying a concept which is different from the literal meaning and have been common in English for many years.(P53)习语是独特或者滑稽可笑的表达，它包含的含义和表面的意思不同，而且很多年以来在英语中很常见。
The film conveys a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) lot of information in an entertaining way.这个电影以趣味十足的手法传达很多信息。
Words can't convey how happy I was.
言辞无法表达我内心的幸福。
convey sth.to sb.向某人传达/表达(思想、感情等)
convey sb./sth.from...to...
把某人/某物从……运送到……
convey that...传达/表明……
All the infor ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )mation can be conveyed in a simple diagram.所有这些信息可以通过简单的图表来传达。
This ship conveys oil from the Middle East.
这艘船从中东运输石油。
What is it that the au ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )thor wants to________his readers through the story
A．convey to　　　　　B．convey
C．convey for D．convey with
【解析】　句意：作者通过这个故事要向读者表达些什么？convey sth.to sb.“向某人传达或表达……”；B、C、D三项搭配错误。
【答案】　A
3．let sb.down使某人失望
With friends like t ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )hese，who needs enemies？means a friend has betrayed your trust or let you down.(P53)
With friends like these，who needs enemies？的意思是朋友背叛了你的信任或辜负了你。
Please come and support me.Don't let me down.
请来支持我，别让我失望。
He speaks English very fluently，but his pronunciation lets him down.
他英语讲得很流利，但美中不足的是发音不太好。
let alone不干涉；不管；更不用说
let into让……进入
let out放掉；发出(叫声等)；泄露(秘密等)
let off使爆炸；允许离开；使免受处罚
take in(衣服)改瘦；欺骗
He never lets his par ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ents down－because he works very hard.他从不会让他的父母失望——因为他很用功。
Your mother is tired－let her alone.
你妈妈累了——别打扰她了。
完成句子
①别担心，我决不会让你失望的。
Don't worry.I'll ____________．
句型转换
②I trust him but he makes me disappointed.
→I trust him but he ____________．
【答案】　①never let you down　②lets me down
4．...meaning we will o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ppose_ prejudice against black people and resist conflict between Americans.(P53)……意思是我们反对对黑人的歧视，并且反抗美国人之间的冲突。
(1)oppose v．反抗；反对；抵制
He opposed the proposal to build another new church.
他反对再建一座新教堂的建议。
We are opposed to a ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ny action that does great harm to the environment.我们反对任何破坏环境的行为。
①oppose (doing)sth.反对某事
be opposed to (doing)sth.反对某事
as opposed to与……相对；与……成对比
②object to反对
She seems very much opposed to your going abroad.
她好像很反对你出国。
I object to being spoken to like that.
我不喜欢别人那样对我说话。
完成句子
①许多居民反对修建那条高速公路的计划。
Many residents are________the plan of building the motorway.
②我在这里是办公事而不是度假。
I am here on business________a holiday.
【答案】　①opposed to　②as opposed to
(2)resist v．抵抗；抵制；抗拒
He is in good health；he is able to resist diseases.
他身体健康，能抵抗疾病。
She could hardly resist laughing.
她忍不住笑起来。
①resist表示“忍耐；忍住”，常用于否定句。
cannot resist (doing) sth.忍不住做某事
②resistance n．反抗；抵抗；抵抗力
make some/no resistance进行/不抵抗
③resistant adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的
be resistant to对……有抵抗力
Out of curio ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )sity，I couldn't resist taking a look at her diary.出于好奇，我忍不住偷看了一眼她的日记。
Club is resistant to any form of change.
该俱乐部反对任何形式的变革。
完成句子
③这些秧苗有抗寒力。
The seedlings ________ cold weather.
④这项新的法规已经遇到很多的抵制。
There has been ________ this new law.
⑤她永远抵挡不住买新鞋的诱惑。
She can never ________ new shoes.
【答案】　③are resistant to　④a lot of resistance to　⑤resist buying
5．Not_all idioms ha ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ve been common for many years.(P54)并非所有的习语都是多年来常用的。
not all...意为“并非所有的……都”，是部分否定，not的位置灵活，可置于句首，也可放在句中。
Not all the people present agreed with you.
＝All the people present didn't agree with you.
不是所有在场的人都赞成你的看法。
【提示】　(1)与not连用 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )构成部分否定的词有all，both，every，everybody，everywhere，everyone，always，everything，entirely，wholly。
(2)表全部否定的词有none，nobody，no one，neither，never，nothing，nowhere等。
Not everybody can do the same.
并非每个人都能同样这么做。
The name of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the country won't always be the same as the name of the language.
国家的名称并非总是与该国的语言名称相一致。
翻译句子
①Not all the people can appreciate the painting.
________________________________________________________________________
②All birds can't fly.
________________________________________________________________________
【答案】　①并不是所有的人都欣赏这幅画。　②并非所有的鸟都会飞。
6．But there is also ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) a renewed interest in the culture and traditions of China；the_fact_that Chinese culture has continued uninterrupted for more than 5，000 years is a source of curiosity and fascination for people in other parts of the world.(P55)
但是现在还有一种对中国文化和传统的兴趣的复兴；对世界上其他国家的人们来说，中国文化毫无间断地延续了5，000年让他们感到好奇和着迷。
此句中that引导的是同位语从句用来补充说明fact的内容。that引导同位语从句时，虽不作成分，但不能省略。
They told me the news ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that our team had won the match.他们告诉我我们队赢得了比赛的消息。
同位语从句一般由that， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whether，what，how等连词引导，常位于fact，news，idea，truth，hope，problem，suggestion等名词的后面。
The question ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )whether we need more time to do the work has not been discussed.对于我们是否需要更多时间来做这项工作这个问题还未进行讨论。
He made a suggestion that we should see the guest off.
他建议我们给客人送行。
【提示】　suggestion后接同位语从句时，从句用虚拟语气(should＋动词原形)。
(2013·浙江高考)The only wa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )y to succeed at the highest level is to have total belief ________ you are better than anyone else on the sports field.
A．how B．that
C．which D．whether
【解析】　句意：要取得最高层次的成功，唯一 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )的方法就是要完全相信在体育运动领域你比其他任何人都优秀。have total belief that...完全相信……，为固定句式。此处belief后接了同位语从句，从句不缺少成分，用that引导，所以正确答案为B项。
【答案】　B
正反观点议论文
写正反观点议论性书面表达需要做到文章结构完整，条理清楚，逻辑性强。此类书面表达的结构一般是：
1．开门见山地点明所要阐述的内容，即提出争论的焦点。
2．陈述正方观点及论据(理由)。
3．陈述反方观点及论据(理由)。
4．归纳总结或发表自己的观点。
常用句式：
Opinions are divided on the question.
Some are in favour of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) it.(be for/approve of/agree/support...)In their opinion，.../They hold the view that...
Others hold the oppos ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ite opinion (be against/disagree...)．They argue that...
Every coin has two sides.
As far as I am concerned.../In my opinion...
人们对于学生网上交友持不同意见。请你用英语写一篇关于学生网上交友的短文，介绍人们的不同观点，并表达自己的看法。
赞成的理由 反对的理由 你的看法
1.广交朋友2．可自由表达思想3．利于外语学习 1.浪费时间2．影响学习3．可能上当受骗 ？
　注意：1.文章必须包括表中的全部内容；
2．词数120左右。
参考词汇：网络朋友online friend(s)；上当受骗get cheated
[思路点拨]
本篇作文从以下几个方面入手。
一、提出争论的焦点——学生网上交友
二、陈述支持学生网上交友的观点及理由
三、陈述反对学生网上交友的观点及理由
四、发表自己的看法
[词汇热身]
1．对待……的态度____________
2．赞成；支持____________
3．反对____________
4．对……有影响____________
【答案】　1.an attitude to　2.be in favour of/be for
3．be against　4.have an effect on
[句式温习]
1．网络有助于交友。
The Internet helps________________________．
2．通过网上聊天，学生可以自由地表达他们的情感和观点。
Chatting online，students can freely ____________．
3．然而，有些人认为学生不应该上网聊天。
Others，however，think ______________________．
【答案】　1.make many f ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )riends　2.convey/express their feelings and opinions　3.students shouldn't chat online
[连句成篇]　
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Should students make ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )friends online？Different people have different opinions about it.Their views mainly fall into two groups.
Some people are in fa ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )vour of it.First of all，the Internet helps make many friends.Chatting online，students can freely express their feelings and opinions，and even get help with their foreign language studies.
Others，however，thin ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )k students shouldn't chat online.They say making friends online is a waste of time，which should be spent more meaningfully on study.Besides，some students get cheated online.
It is my opinion ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )that students should place their study，health and safety before other things.As for friendship，we can readily find it in our classmates and other people around us.
Ⅰ.立体式复习单词
A．基础单词
1．________v．很重要；很有价值
2．________adj.独特的
3．________n．祖先
4．________n．讨论；辩论
5．________v．调查
6．________v．得到；获得
7．________adv.此外；而且
8．________adj.极好的
9．________v．传达；传递
10．________v．弄明白；澄清
11．________n．意义；含义
12．________v．拒绝接受
13．________v．反对
14．________v．反抗；抵抗
15．________n．赞成
【答案】　1.count　2.unique　3.ancestor　4.debate
5．investigate　6.acquire　7.furthermore　8.splendid
9．convey　10.clarify　11.significance　12.reject
13．oppose　14.resist　15.approval
B．词汇拓展
16．________adv.立即，马上→________adj.立刻的
17．________v．抱怨，不满→________n．抱怨
18．________adj.信服的，确信的→________adj.令人相信的→________v．使确信
19．________v．将……分类→________adj.分类的→________n．分类
20．________n．好奇心→________adj.好奇的→________adv.好奇地
【答案】　16.instantly；in ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )stant　plain；complaint　18.convinced；convincing；convince　19.classify；classified；classification　20.curiosity；curious；curiously
Ⅱ.递进式回顾短语
A．短语互译
1．____________区分开
2．____________只要
3．____________更确切地说
4．____________在于
5．____________对……报怨
6．____________be convinced of
7．____________be relevant to
8．____________let sb down
9．____________in conclusion
10．________get down to
【答案】　1.tell.. ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ).apart　2.as long as　3.or rather　4.lie in　5.complain about　6.相信　7.与……相关　8.让某人失望　9.总之　10.开始认真做某事
B．用上面词组的适当形式完成下列句子。
11．I worked as a secretary，________，a typist.
12．Could you ________ the twins ________？
13．Tom ________ working as soon as he arrived at the office.
14．He ________ the bad service to the manager.
15．________，we shouldn't jump to a conclusion so quickly now.
【答案】　11.or rather　12.tell...apart　13.got down to
14．complained about　15.In conclusion
Ⅲ.仿写式活用句型
1．It's_thought_that the project can't be completed this year.
【句式仿写】　据报道，有六个人死于这场事故。
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2．I don't mi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nd where we go as_long_as there is sunshine，sea and beach.
【句式仿写】　只要不灰心，你迟早都会成功的。
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3．The way out lies_in education.
【句式仿写】　他的成功在于他的聪明。
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4．I didn't know the_fact_that he was studying abroad.
【句式仿写】　我不知道他不抽烟就会感到难受的事实。
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5．She recognised him instantly he appeared.
【句式仿写】　我一回家就给你打电话。
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【答案】　1.It is repo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )rted that six people were killed in the accident.　2.As long as you don't lose heart，you'll succeed sooner or later.　3.His success lies in his smartness.　4.I didn't know the fact that he couldn't go without smoking.　5.I'll phone you instantly I get home.