北师大版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 12 Innovation Topic Talk & Lesson1课件（29张ppt）

(共29张PPT)
Unit 12　Innovation
选择性必修
第四册
Topic Talk & Lesson 1　Scientific Breakthroughs
01
1．The first computer was invented to improve the ________ (accurate) of missiles in military wars.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
accuracy
句意为：第一台计算机是为了提高军事战争中的导弹的准确性而发明的。设空处前有定冠词the，后有介词of，设空处应填写名词形式。故填accuracy。
2．As a _________ (product) poet, Du Fu wrote many classics in the history of ancient Chinese poetry.
productive
句意为：作为一位多产的诗人，杜甫写了很多中国古诗史上的经典作品。设空处为形容词作定语，修饰poet，故填productive。
解析
解析
3．Born ________ (gift) with music, the little girl wins great fame at an early age.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：这个小女孩生来就有音乐天分，在很小的时候就有很大的名气。“be born＋adj.”为固定表达，意为“生来……”，此处应用形容词形式。be gifted with… 意为“天生……”。故填gifted。
4．Are you still in frequent _________________ (correspond) with your online friends
句意为：你还经常和你的网友通信吗？in correspondence with… 为固定表达，意为“与……通信”。故填correspondence。
gifted
correspondence
解析
解析
5．________ (instant) I entered the classroom, the bell for class rang.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
Instantly
句意为：我一进教室，上课铃就响了。“instantly/ immediately/directly＋从句”为时间状语从句，意为“一……就……”，相当于“as soon as＋从句”。故填Instantly。
6．He was singled ________ as the most outstanding performer of the game.
句意为：他被评选为这次比赛中表现最出色的参赛者。single out为固定搭配，意为“挑出，挑选”。故填out。
解析
解析
out
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．Millions of tons of garbage __________________________ (dump) into the ocean in the past decades.
句意为：在过去的几十年中，数百万吨的垃圾被倾倒入海洋中。根据句子成分划分，设空处为谓语部分。根据时间提示词in the past decades和句意可知，需使用现在完成时的被动语态；“数词＋复数量词＋of＋不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单复数均可，故填have/has been dumped。
have/has been dumped
8．The beds ________ (measure) 2 metres in length are specially designed for the school basketball players.
measuring
句意为：那些长两米的床是专门为校篮球队队员设计的。根据句子成分划分，设空处为非谓语动词作后置定语。measure可以作连系动词使用，后加数字等作表语，意为“(某物的)长度为……”。设空处和所修饰名词beds之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应使用measure的现在分词形式作定语，故填measuring。
解析
解析
9．I have a proposal that all the works __________________________ (submit) in groups before the deadline.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
(should) be submitted
10．Researchers set up a greenhouse ________ they could closely observe the growth of plants.
where
句意为： 我有个建议——所有的作品应在截止日期前按组进行提交。本句考查虚拟语气。在proposal/suggestion/advice等表达建议的名词后面接同位语从句时，从句的谓语形式为“should＋动词原形”，其中should可以省略。从句主语all the works与动词submit之间为被动关系，谓语动词需使用被动语态，故填(should) be submitted。
句意为：研究者建造了一个温室，在那里他们可以密切地观察植物的生长。根据句子成分划分，设空处引导定语从句，且在定语从句中作地点状语，故填where。
解析
解析
1．这位年轻的天文学家已经致力于太空探索三十年了。(dedicated)
The young astronomer ________ ________ ________ ________ space exploration for thirty years.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
1．has been dedicated to
2．被告对案件的描述与目击者的描述不一致。(correspond)
The description of the case from the accused does not ________ ________ that of the witness.
2．correspond to/with
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
3．这个小孩子连独立行走都不会，更别提跑了。(mention)
The little kid has difficulty in walking independently, ________ ________ ________ running.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
3．not to mention
4．风筝的图案设计各不相同，从植物到动物都有。(range)
Different patterns of the kite designs ________ ________ plants ________ animals.
4．range from; to
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
5．他取得了如此瞩目的成绩，在业内得到广泛的认可。(结果状语从句)
He has made ________ striking achievements ________ he gains wide recognition in the field.
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
5．such; that
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
体裁：说明文　 题材：科学突破
During the last hundreds of years, the all around development of the human race 1________ (achieve) mainly due to the increasing number of scientific discoveries in many fields.Take the twentieth century for example.It is 2________ must to mention the following pioneers and their achievements, 3________ (range) from physics, medicine and communications.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．has been achieved　设空处为谓语部分，根据时间状语During the last hundreds of years可知，谓语应使用现在完成时；achieve与主语之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语的中心词development为单数形式，谓语用第三人称单数形式。故填has been achieved。
2．a　must作名词时，意为“必须要做的事”，常用作单数，其前用冠词a修饰。
答案及解析
3．ranging　根据句子成分划分可知，此处为非谓语动词短语作定语，且range和被修饰的名词achievements之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故使用其现在分词形式。range from… to… 为固定表达，意为“从……到……”。 故填ranging。
In 1905, Albert Einstein was rocking his baby4________ he was suddenly inspired.Afterwards, “E＝mc2” was born! The theory showed how a small piece of mass could produce a(n) 5________ (believe) amount of energy.In 1928, another revolutionary finding was achieved 6________ (accidental)．Before he went on holiday, Alexander Fleming, a famous biologist, 7________ (leave) a dish of bacteria and when he came back, only 8________ (find) a blue mould in the dish destroying the bacteria around it.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
4．when　… was/were doing… when… 为固定句式，意为“……正在做……时，忽然……”。 故填when。
5．unbelievable　设空处为形容词作定语，修饰其后面的名词amount；结合语境可知，此处意为“难以置信的”。故填unbelievable。
6．accidentally　设空处为副词作状语，修饰谓语was achieved。故填accidentally。
7．left　分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据语境可知，此处表示发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时。
8．to find　根据句子成分划分可知，此处为不定式作结果状语。“only＋to do/to be done”表示意外的结果，且动词find和句子主语之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应使用其主动形式。故填to find。
9________ the natural form of penicillin, the mould was later mass produced to save millions of lives in World War Ⅱ.At about the same time, with the joint efforts of an engineer and a physicist, the first computer in the world came into existence, 10________ (mean) to improve the military performance of missiles.Several decades later, the world was connected with the World Wide Web.
But for all these pioneers and their dedication, our world would be a completely different one.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
9．As　句意为：作为青霉素的天然形态，该菌后来被大量培养，在二战中挽救了数百万人的生命。设空处需用介词as ，意为“作为”，符合语境。故填As。
10．meant　be meant to do… 为固定表达，意为“旨在做……”，此处为过去分词短语作状语。故填meant。
体裁：说明文 题材：科学艺术
[江苏连云港四校2022高二期中联考]Cave No.12 of the Yungang Grottoes (云冈石窟), the 1 ,500 year old masterpieces of Chinese Buddhist art, was “moved” to the Zhejiang University Museum of Art and Archaeology by 3D printing technology, 1________ (bring) the grottoes to the wider world.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．bringing　分析句子成分可知，设空处为非谓语作状语，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填bringing。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何运用3D打印技术将云冈石窟第十二窟复制到浙江大学艺术与考古博物馆。
答案及解析
Cave No.12, 14 metres deep, 11 metres wide and 9 metres high, also known 2________ the Music Cave, was carved with rich images of heavenly figures and 3________ (music) instruments from home and abroad.These figures represented the 4________ (early) royal symphony orchestra (交响乐团) in ancient China.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
2．as　be known as… 为固定表达，意为“被称作……；作为……而出名”。 故填as。
3．musical　根据设空处后面的名词instruments可知，设空处应填形容词musical作定语。故填musical。
4．earliest　根据设空处前的the和范围词in ancient China可知，设空处应使用形容词的最高级形式。故填earliest。
The researchers 5________ (overcome) many difficulties during the process.First, the project team spent three 6________ (month) laser scanning (激光扫描) the cave and took 55,680 photos of it.7________ (ensure) successful printing, a special 3D printer was tailored for the project.Then, 8________ came after 3D printing was the colouring process, during which the images in the cave 9________ (expect) to be covered with proper materials and colours.After eight months of colouring, the staff finally completed the replica cave.Experts believe that the completion of the project marked technical breakthroughs and 10________ very important step forward in digital protection and inheritance of cultural heritage.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．overcame　分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语，且根据第一段内容可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填overcame。
6．months　根据设空处前面的three可知，设空处应使用名词复数形式。故填months。
7．To ensure　根据a special 3D printer was tailored for the project可知，设空处为非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填To ensure。
8．what　根据句子成分分析，设空处引导主语从句，且在从句中作主语，表示“……的东西”，故填what。
9．were expected　根据句子成分分析，设空处在从句中作谓语；根据主从句时态提示，设空处应使用一般过去时；the images与expect之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。the images为复数概念，从句谓语应用复数形式。故填were expected。
10．a　根据设空处后面的名词step可知，此处泛指“非常重要的一步”，且very的发音以辅音音素开头，故使用不定冠词a。
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
记叙文 人物故事 319 中 7分钟
[江苏扬州2021高二期末]Outside an art museum in Topeka, Kansas, some kids are playing happily in what looks like a large Hobbit House while others are walking through the house’s woven archway into a twisted twig (嫩枝) tower.The tower, made entirely of sticks, is a sculpture built by Dougherty.
Dougherty has created more than 200 stick sculptures all over the world.“I design my sculptures to make them look like they've always been there, ” he says.And he likes people to get involved in his work.If they arrive during the three weeks he takes to build a sculpture, he lets them build, too.“I want my work to help people enjoy nature.”
As a child, Dougherty learnt to love nature while travelling through the woods.He would spend hours bending sticks into shelters for his brothers and sisters.When he grew up, he majored in art and learnt to make sculptures with clay.But it was too heavy to make the lines and shapes he had imagined.
One day, he watched thin, young trees waving in the wind.They reminded him of the sticks he built shelters with as a boy.Soon after, he began his first creation made out of sticks.
To begin a sculpture, Dougherty digs holes and buries tall young trees in the ground for support.Then he weaves smaller sticks around them.He uses strings to hold and bend the twigs while he's weaving.When he removes the strings, the sticks stay in place.It usually takes four tons of sticks to build a sculpture, and Dougherty chooses materials that would otherwise be wasted.
Dougherty’s sculptures last two to four years.But even after that, they serve a purpose.The wood is cut up into tiny pieces called mulch (覆盖料), which makes soil rich and helps new plants grow after it is broken down.
1．What does the description of kids playing in Paragraph 1 function as
A．A brief introduction to the museum.
B．A vivid clue to the sculptor.
C．A lively advertisement for the artistic work.
D．A clear display of the architecture.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了世界著名雕塑家多尔蒂的故事，包括他的突出作品、主要创作成就和日常的创作故事。
答案及解析
1．B　推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句及下文对多尔蒂的介绍可推知，作者描写孩子们玩耍的场景是为了引出文章主题，即雕塑家多尔蒂擅长用树枝创作大型雕塑。故选B项。
2．What can we infer about Dougherty from the passage
A．He would like to invite visitors to build sculptures with him.
B．He likes using twigs to change the sticks before weaving them.
C．He is likely to waste tons of sticks and other materials.
D．He is devoted to the construction of all kinds of sculptures.
答案及解析
2．A　推理判断题。 根据第二段中的If they arrive during the three weeks he takes to build a sculpture, he lets them build, too.可知，多尔蒂希望人们能参与到他的作品中，所以他想邀请参观者和他一起建造雕塑。故选A项。
3．What does the underlined pronoun “it” in the last paragraph refer to
A．The sculpture.
B．The wood.
C．The soil.
D．The mulch.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．D　词义猜测题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，由木头切碎而成的木屑被称为覆盖料，在它分解之后，可以使土壤肥沃，从而帮助植物生长。结合语境可知，画线词it指代的是上文提到的“覆盖料”。 故选D项。
答案及解析
4．What can be the suitable title for the passage
A．Bending Sticks Into Sculptures
B．A Friendly Companion
C．Protecting the Environment
D．A Natural Art Museum
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
4．A　主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一、二段可知，全文主要讲述了雕塑家多尔蒂擅长利用弯曲的树枝创作大型雕塑的故事，故选A项。
答案及解析
[全国新高考Ⅱ2021]An Australian professor is developing a robot to monitor the health of grazing cattle, a development that could bring big changes to a profession that's relied largely on a low tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage.
Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging.He is building a four wheeled robot that will run on solar and electric power.It will use cameras and sensors to monitor the animals.A computer system will analyze the video to determine whether a cow is sick.Radio tags (标签) on the animals will measure temperature changes.The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture (质地) of grass.That way, cattlemen will know whether they need to move their cattle to another field for nutrition purposes.
Machines have largely taken over planting, watering and harvesting crops such as corn and wheat, but the monitoring of cattle has gone through fewer changes.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
议论文 介绍说明 299 中 8分钟
For Texas cattleman Pete Bonds, it’s increasingly difficult to find workers interested in watching cattle.But Bonds doesn’t believe a robot is right for the job.Years of experience in the industry—and failed attempts to use technology—have convinced him that the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse.Bonds, who bought his first cattle almost 50 years ago, still has each of his cowboys inspect 300 or 400 cattle daily and look for signs that an animal is getting sick.
Other cattlemen see more promise in robots.Michael Kelsey, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen’s Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.Cattle tend to be kept in remote places and their value has risen, making them appealing targets.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
议论文 介绍说明 299 中 8分钟
1．What is a problem with the cattle raising industry
A．Soil pollution.
B．Lack of workers.
C．Aging machines.
D．Low profitability.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了澳大利亚一名教授研发出一种机器人，该机器人能够监测牛的健康状况并检测草场质量等。
答案及解析
1．B　细节理解题。根据第一段中的 a profession that’s relied largely on a low tech approach for decades but is facing a labor shortage可知，几十年来，畜牧业主要依靠低技术手段，但目前正面临劳动力短缺的问题。由此可知，牧牛业面临的主要问题是劳动力短缺。故选B项。
2．What will Sukkarieh’s robot be able to do
A．Monitor the quality of grass.
B．Cure the diseased cattle.
C．Move cattle to another field.
D．Predict weather changes.
答案及解析
2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The quality of grassland will be tracked by monitoring the shape, color and texture of grass.可知，机器人将会通过监测草的形状、颜色和质地来判断草场质量。故选A项。
3．Why does Pete Bonds still hire cowboys to watch cattle
A．He wants to help them earn a living.
B．He thinks men can do the job better.
C．He is inexperienced in using robots.
D．He enjoys the traditional way of life.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的But Bonds doesn’t believe a robot is right for the job.及the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse可知，看管牛的最好方法是由一个人骑在马上(来看管)。由此推知，皮特·邦兹之所以仍然雇用牛仔来看管牛，是因为他认为牛仔比机器人能更好地胜任这份工作。故选B项。
答案及解析
【易错警示】本题易误选C项。C项意为“他在使用机器人方面缺乏经验”。文中提到failed attempts to use technology，是说他使用技术的尝试失败了，并不是说他缺乏使用机器人的经验，且这并不是他雇用牛仔来看管牛的理由，真正的原因在后面，即the best way to check cattle is with a man on a horse。
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
4．How may robots help with cattle watching according to Michael Kelsey
A．Increase the value of cattle.
B．Bring down the cost of labor.
C．Make the job more appealing.
D．Keep cattle from being stolen.
4．D　细节理解题。根据最后一段第二句中的a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft可知，迈克尔·凯尔西认为，鉴于人们对牛被偷的担忧不断增加，机器人可能会非常有用。由此可知，机器人可以防止牛被偷。故选D项。
答案及解析
[河南洛阳豫西名校2021高二联考]Researchers hope to have people's brains scanned to improve creativity in the workplace or classroom.If you don't have that advanced tool of stimulating your brain and are looking to think out of the box, we have good news.__1__
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
1．E　设空处上文提及研究人员希望提高人们的创造力，且提到了有好消息，由此可推测，设空句应承接上文，说明这一好消息是什么。E选项符合语境。
【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一些有助于提高创造力的方法。
答案及解析
【答案】E．We’ve got research backed tips for improving your creativity outside the lab.
体 裁 题 材 词 数 难 度 建议用时
说明文 创造力 212 中 7分钟
Change your surroundings.
Data support that creativity “nudges” can come from changes as small as a warmer cup of coffee or different colours in the room.Try switching some of the objects on your desk.__2__ However, making any possible adjustment could translate into a creativity boost.
Broaden what you’ve learnt.
When was the last time you learnt something about medieval architecture __3__ Research suggests that broadening your knowledge by way of unfamiliar topics encourages new ideas and creative thinking.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
2．C　设空处上文指出创造力可以从一杯更热的咖啡或房间里的不同颜色这样的小变化中“推动”出来。根据设空处下文的However可知，设空处应与下文形成转折，主要谈论没有进行调整或转变的情况， C选项符合语境。
答案及解析
【答案】C．Perhaps you don’t have much control over your study environment.
【答案】F．Now might be the time to take an in person course or turn to an online course.
3．F　设空处上文提出问题：你上一次学习关于中世纪建筑的知识是在什么时候；设空处下文指出通过不熟悉的话题来拓宽知识可以促进创造性思维的产生，因而设空处应该是在鼓励人们去学习。F选项符合语境。
Pay attention to and record new ideas.
As people age, they tend to come up with fewer creative ideas.When a small component of an idea comes to you, start making it a point to preserve it.__4__ Research has shown that recording your new ideas is likely the most valuable aspect of boosting creativity.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
4．G　设空处上文提及了要保存自己的创意想法，故设空处应承接上文，说明保存这些想法的方式。G选项指出，可以通过在智能手机上记录或写在笔记本上来完成，符合语境。
答案及解析
【答案】G．This can be done by recording it in a smartphone or writing it in a notebook.
__5__
It’s known that challenges act as a catalyst for us to think creatively and come up with new ideas or solutions.So think about the primary issues and questions in your field and practise brainstorming open ended solutions.
Part Ⅱ 　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
答案及解析
【答案】A．Challenge yourself in new ways.
5．A　设空处为本段小标题。本段的主要内容是通过挑战自己来提高创造力，A选项指出用新的方式挑战自己，同时选项中的Challenge对应本段中的challenges，故A选项符合语境。
A．Challenge yourself in new ways.
B．Exercise your creativity whenever and wherever you can.
C．Perhaps you don’t have much control over your study environment.
D．But the key to this is devoting more time in your day to active thinking.
E．We’ve got research backed tips for improving your creativity outside the lab.
F．Now might be the time to take an in person course or turn to an online course.
G．This can be done by recording it in a smartphone or writing it in a notebook.