人教版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 2 Healthy Lifestyle课件(共75张PPT)

(共75张PPT)
Unit 2　Healthy Lifestyle
选择性必修
第三册
Period Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
01
1．The dentist __________ (repeated) stressed the importance of brushing teeth when I left.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
repeatedly
句意为：当我离开时，牙医反复跟我强调刷牙的重要性。设空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。
2．A number of past studies have noted that __________ (physical) active people have much lower risks of developing depression and anxiety.
physically
句意为：大量先前的研究都指出，积极锻炼的人患抑郁症和焦虑症的风险低得多。设空处修饰形容词，应用副词形式。
解析
解析
3．At today’s meeting we’re going to discuss and decide ________ the most effective ways to study mathematics.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：在今天的会议上，我们将讨论并选出学习数学最有效的方法。decide on/upon… 意为“决定；选定”。
4．The students have been working hard on their lessons and their efforts will be rewarded ________ success in the end.
句意为：学生们在功课方面一直都很努力，他们的付出终将收获成功。be rewarded with sth意为“获得(某事物的)奖励”。
on/upon
with
解析
解析
5．The new product which was developed ________ response to the consumer demand will come onto the market next month.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
in
句意为：为响应消费者需求而开发的这款新产品将于下个月上市。 in response to意为“响应；反应；答复”。故填in。
6．Our monitor is the first person we can think of to rely ________, for he is always willing to help whoever is in trouble.
on/upon
句意为：我们的班长是我们第一个想起来可以依靠的人，因为他总是愿意帮助任何有困难的人。rely on/upon为固定搭配，意为“依靠”。故填on/upon。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．The good news is ________ we have developed a vaccine against the new virus.
句意为：好消息是我们已经研制出一种对抗这种新病毒的疫苗。________ we have developed a vaccine against the new virus是表语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，所以应用连接词that。
that
8．________ (finish) the work before Friday is not easy.
To finish
句意为：在周五之前完成工作绝非易事。动词不定式作主语往往表示具体的动作。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
9．It’s necessary for you ________ (lock) the car when you do not use it.
句意为：当你不用汽车的时候，锁车是有必要的。It is necessary for sb to do sth.句式中，It为形式主语，真正的主语为不定式短语。
to lock
10．On our way to the house, it was raining so hard that we couldn’t help wondering how long it would take ________ (get) there.[课标全国Ⅲ]
to get
句意为：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得很大，我们不禁想知道要花多长时间才能到那里。“it takes+一段时间+to do sth”为固定句型，意为“做某事需要多长时间”。it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。故填 to get。
解析
解析
His laziness ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ success.
1．一旦立志成功，失败便永远击不垮你。(mind)
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．他的懒惰使他不可能获得成功。(make; it作形式宾语)
Once ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, failure will never defeat you.
makes it impossible for him to achieve
you make up your mind to succeed
4．我们很难马上改掉坏习惯。(rid)
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
It is very difficult for us ________ ________ ________ ________ bad habits ________ ________.
to get rid of straight away
right away/at once
3．我们如此依赖数字设备，以至于它们开始主宰我们的生活。(dominate)
We are _______ ________ ________ digital devices that they begin_______ ________ ________ ________.
so dependent on/upon to dominate our life
5．正如一位心理学家所说，缺乏自信的孩子不愿意尝试新事物。(定语从句)
________ ________ ________ ________, a kid who lacks confidence will be reluctant to try something new.
As one/a psychologist said
体裁：说明文　 题材：健康的生活方式
As we grow up, some of us can form bad habits easily. These bad habits can get worse and worse if left unchecked.1________ is essential to prevent harmful habits from 2________ (dominate) our life.We must recognise bad habits and make appropriate changes, which is never easy.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．It　it is essential to do sth意为“做某事是必要的”，其中it作形式主语，不定式短语为真正的主语。句首单词首字母大写，故填It。
2．dominating　prevent… from doing sth 意为“阻止……做某事”。故填dominating。
答案及解析
However, the good news is that bad habits can 3________ (change) if we understand the “habit cycle”. The “habit cycle” 4________ (consist) of a cue, a routine, and the reward. In the case of unhealthy snacks, the cue is feeling unhappy, the routine is eating a lot of unhealthy snacks, the reward is feeling happy. The reward makes us much 5________ (likely) to continue the cycle, resulting in the bad habit of relying on unhealthy snacks.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
5．more likely　句意为：回报使我们更有可能继续这样的循环，从而养成依赖不健康零食的坏习惯。根据句意和设空前的much可知，此处应用比较级。故填more likely。
答案及解析
3．be changed　that引导表语从句，can ________ 作从句中的谓语，动词change与从句主语bad habits之间是被动关系，所以应用被动语态，故填be changed。
4．consists　此处consist是谓语动词，与主语 The “habit cycle”之间是主动关系，叙述的是
一般事实，所以应用一般现在时。故填
consists。
Changing a bad habit 6________ (mean) changing the “habit cycle”. So when we feel unhappy (cue), we can listen to music (routine) instead of eating snacks, 7________ will relax ourselves (reward). In addition 8________ changing bad habits, we can also make use of the “habit cycle” 9________ (create) good habits.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
8．to　in addition to为固定搭配，意为“除……之外(还)”。故填to。
7．which　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，所以应用which引导该从句。
6．means　此处是谓语动词，主语是动名词短语，所以谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填means。
答案及解析
9．to create　此处create应用非谓语形式作状语，表示目的，所以应用不定式。故填to create。
Besides, we shouldn’t be pessimistic if we don’t succeed 10________ (immediate). We must show some discipline, and repeatedly take small steps to achieve the goal of change. After all, we teenagers have a lot of time to change bad habits. I believe we have the ability to build a happy and healthy life full of good habits!
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
10．immediately　修饰动词应用副词。故填immediately。
答案及解析
体裁：说明文 题材：健康
A healthy lifestyle is related 1________ physical and mental fitness. Do you think it is time to make changes to live 2________ healthier life Nowadays many people say they just don’t get much time to look after 3________ (they) health. However, it is what you do and eat every day that guarantees you a healthy body. So make some little changes in your schedule to improve your lifestyle. It’s never too late.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．to　be related to是固定搭配，意为“和……有关系”。
2．a　live a(n)… life为固定表达。live a healthier life意为“过一种更健康的生活”。
【语篇导读】健康的生活方式和身心健康紧密相关，一些小小的改变就可以改善你的生活方式。文章给出了一些改善生活方式的建议。
答案及解析
3．their　此处需用形容词性物主代词作定语，修饰health，故填their。
These are some suggestions 4________ (give) by health experts which can help you achieve your goal. First of all, add healthy food items to your diet. For example, eating green vegetables and fruit 5________ (be) a must because they contain lots of vitamins and minerals 6________ are necessary for your body. Do remember to exercise 7________ (regular) because it will burn extra fat in your body and help you gain control of your 8________ (weigh).
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
4．given　分析句子结构可知，设空处作suggestions的后置定语，give和其逻辑主语suggestions之间是被动关系，故用过去分词given。
5．is　动名词短语作主语，此处为单数概念，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，本文以一般现在时为主，故填is。
6．that/which　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为lots of vitamins and minerals，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which。
答案及解析
7．regularly　修饰动词exercise要用副词，故填regularly。
8．weight　设空处作介词of的宾语，且空前有形容词性物主代词your修饰。故填weight，意为“体重”。
If you can’t exercise every day, at least go for a walk every day. Sleep at least eight hours every day 9________ (make) you feel fresh and energetic. In addition, many people do some activities every day, 10________ (say) this helps them develop their mind. There are many things you can do to keep healthy, but exercising will always be at the top.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
9．to make　本句为祈使句，谓语动词为Sleep，设空处应填非谓语动词，此处表示目的，应填动词不定式to make。
10．saying　句子主干为many people do some activities every day，设空处应填非谓语动词， say和其逻辑主语many people之间是主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
[江苏徐州2022期中]On James Owen’s 70th birthday, he saw a video of himself shuffling (拖着脚走) up to the platform where he was giving a talk. “I looked like an old man,” said Owen, who built a successful career on Wall Street. Even worse, he felt like an old man.
He was about 25 pounds overweight and he had chronic trouble with his back, knees, and shoulders. But instead of giving in to age, Owen decided to set an ambitious five year goal: He wanted to be pain free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise—even though at the time he couldn't do a single push up.
Owen began his new exercise plan by walking, though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes.But that didn’t discourage him. He kept at a walk every day, along with some stretches. Once he had those basics down, he started weightlifting and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains. “Ageing well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says.
Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness After 50, in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. “Think of it as movement, not exercise, just get started,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”
Now 81 and retired, Owen exercises an hour a day, six days a week. “It is the best investment I’ve ever made in my life,” he says.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．Why did Owen decide to set a five year goal
A．To give a talk. B．To build a career.
C．To lose weight. D．To keep healthy.
2.How can Owen’s exercising process be described
A．Boring and painful.
B．Slow but productive.
C．Tough and discouraging.
D．Complex and ineffective.
答案及解析
1．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的第一句和Owen decided to set an ambitious five year goal: He wanted to be pain free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise可知，欧文超重且身患疾病，他想要通过锻炼身体摆脱疾病带来的痛苦，保持健康，所以立下了一个五年目标。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了詹姆斯·欧文意识到自己已是暮年且身体不再健康后，毅然树立目标改变自己的生活方式的故事。
2．B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的he decided the way to get there was through exercise—even though at the time he couldn't do a single push up和文章第三段中的Owen began his new exercise plan by walking, though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes.以及文章第四段内容可知，
尽管欧文的锻炼进程缓慢，但富有成效。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What can we learn from Owen’s story
A．It’s better to get started earlier.
B．Lifestyle is vital for one’s health.
C．Genes play a key role in ageing well.
D．Successful careers need investment.
4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the article
A．To promote Owen’s new book.
B．To offer ways to relieve pain.
C．To encourage old people to work out.
D．To present health problems of the old.
3．B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Ageing well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle可知，生活方式对一个人的健康起着十分重要的作用。故选B项。
答案及解析
4．C　推理判断题。全文讲述了詹姆斯·欧文意识到自己已是暮年且身体不再健康后，毅然树立目标改变自己的生活方式。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励老年人锻炼身体。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
We assume exercise improves our mental health. But what kind of exercise works best Researchers analysed the effects of different types of exercise. They looked at the link between physical activities and mental health, and found team sports were the best, followed by cycling, either on the road or a stationary (静止的) bike. Physical activities which were typically performed in groups, such as team sports and gym classes, provided greater benefits than running or walking alone.
Researchers rated mental health based on a survey. It asked respondents how many days in the previous month their mental health was “not good” due to stress, depression or other problems with emotions. People who played team sports like soccer and basketball reported 22.3% fewer poor mental health days than those who didn’t exercise. Those who ran or jogged fared 19% better, while those who did household chores 11.8% better.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
They found team sports may have an extra benefit because of the social component, and yoga or T’ai Chi can promote mindfulness, which is often believed to be beneficial for mental health.
The researchers also found that those who exercise between 30 and 60 minutes had the best mental health, with 45 minutes the optimal (最佳的) duration. Exercising three to five times a week correlated with fewer dark days. “Over 90 minutes of exercise won't bring an extra benefit,” Dr Chekroud said.
The study analysed the exercise habits and mental health of 1.2 million US adults, based on self reported answers to survey questions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It wasn’t a randomised controlled study and just an association between exercise and better mental health. It can’t explain if poor mental health causes people to exercise less or exercise causes people to have better mental health.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．Which exercise will best help to cheer up the depressed
A．Running and jogging outdoors.
B．Playing soccer and basketball.
C．Doing some household chores.
D．Cycling or riding a stationary bike.
2．What do the researchers say about team sports
A．They boost self esteem.
B．They offer inner peace.
C．They involve interaction.
D．They help achieve goals.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了运动可以改善我们的心理健康。但是哪种运动产生的效果最好呢？研究人员对此进行了研究。
1．B　推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的People who played team sports like soccer and basketball reported 22.3% fewer poor mental health days than those who didn't exercise.Those who ran or jogged fared 19% better, while those who did household chores 11.8% better.可推断，踢足球和打篮球最能使那些情绪低落的人振作起来。故选B项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的They found team sports may have an extra benefit because of the social component可知，研究人员认为团队运动包含互动。
故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What Dr Chekroud said means that________.
A．more exercise isn't always better
B．exercise habits decide mental health
C．exercise leads to better mental health
D．mental health causes people to exercise
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．What Sport Works Best for Mental Health
B．More Exercise, Better Mental Health!
C．Less Exercise, Poor Mental Health！
D．What Is the Good Effect of Exercise
3．A　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Over 90 minutes of exercise won't bring an extra benefit，” Dr Chekroud said.可知，切克劳德博士认为锻炼并不是越多越好。故选A项。
4．A　主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的We assume exercise improves our mental health.But what kind of exercise works best？及全文内容可知，文章主要介绍了运动可以改善我们的心理健康，但是哪种运动产生的效果最好还没有定论，所以研究人员对此进行了研究。故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
How to Develop a Healthy Lifestyle in High School
High school is a time known for teenagers spreading their wings and developing their minds. __1__ This influences their academic studies and physical condition. Therefore, it is necessary for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle. Follow the tips to live a healthy lifestyle.
__2__ With studying and homework, high school students stay up late and still make it to early class. To function properly, your body and mind need at least eight hours of sleep each night.Go to sleep early enough to fully meet your requirements, and encourage your roommates to respect your need for enough sleep.
Eat a well balanced diet. High school students may live on a diet of junk food and drinks. __3__ If you have the benefit of a meal plan in the high school canteen, make good use of the salad bar and watch out for treats such as ice cream.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Exercise regularly. __4__ High school students who exercise regularly benefit from a healthy physique (体格) and a mind with less stress. Make use of the school gym and swimming pool, which are typically available to students free of charge.
__5__ High school can bring on a lot of stressful situations. Aim for balance in your life between your social and school activities. Only take as many classes as you can handle successfully and rely on your support system of friends and family when stress arises.
A．Get plenty of rest.
B．Plan your school life.
C．Manage your stress level.
D．Physical activity helps build a strong body and mind.
E．High school students are busy with all kinds of activities.
F．Unfortunately, many often develop an unhealthy lifestyle.
G．Drink plenty of water and eat whole grain foods and vegetables every day.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了高中生养成健康的生活方式的方法。
答案及解析
3．G　根据本段主旨句Eat a well balanced diet.可知，本段建议高中生饮食均衡。结合选项可知，G项(每天多喝水，吃全谷物食品和蔬菜)符合语境。
2．A　根据文章结构可知，设空处是本段的主旨句。根据空后的With studying and homework, high school students stay up late and still make it to early class.To function properly, your body and mind need at least eight hours of sleep each night.可知，本段内容与休息有关，故选A项。
1．F　根据空后两句This influences their academic studies and physical condition.Therefore, it is necessary for teenagers to develop a healthy lifestyle.可知，事实上许多青少年的生活方式不健康，这影响了他们的学业和身体健康状况，F项(不幸的是，许多青少年通常会养成不健康的生活方式)符合语境。
4．D　本段建议经常锻炼，设空处紧跟在主旨句Exercise regularly.后承接上文，应解释这样做的原因，结合选项可知，D项(体育活动有助于塑造强健的体格和心智)符合语境。
5．C　本根据文章结构可知，设空处是本段的主旨句，结合设空处后一句High school can bring on a lot of stressful situations.可知，本段介绍的是与压力相关的内容。故选C项。
Period Ⅱ Learning About Language & Using Language
02
1．After ________ (liberate), he spent two years in various displaced persons camps.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
liberation
句意为：解放后，他有两年的时间是在各种难民营中度过的。设空处作After 的宾语，应用名词。故填liberation。
2．It was from Paul that we first heard of the man referred to as a computer ________ (special) in software.
specialist
句意为：我们是从保罗那里第一次听说那个被认为是计算机软件专家的人的。computer specialist 意为“电脑专家”。
解析
解析
3．Zoo officials said they had given regular________ (month) health examinations to Chuang Chuang.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：动物园官员表示，他们已经对创创进行了每月一次的健康检查。monthly 意为“每月的”。故填monthly。
4．________ (disturb) news came that an unknown disease was spreading in the area.
句意为：令人不安的消息传来，一种未知的疾病正在该地区蔓延。修饰名词news应用形容词，意为“令人不安的”，故填Disturbing。
monthly
Disturbing
解析
解析
5．Whenever he worked until midnight, he would drink some coffee to get ________ (refresh).
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
refreshed
句意为： 每当他工作到半夜，他都会喝点咖啡来提神。get refreshed 意为“重新焕发活力”。故填refreshed。
6．The tourists, all of whom had enjoyed themselves so much in the botanical garden, were worn________.
out
句意为：所有在植物园玩得很尽兴的游客都筋疲力尽了。worn out为固定搭配，意为“疲惫不堪的”。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．When deeply________ (absorb) in painting, he always forgets all about eating or sleeping.
句意为：当他全神贯注地画画时，他总是废寝忘食。be absorbed in sth意为“专心致志于某事”，此处为When引导的时间状语从句的省略，省略了he is，故填absorbed。
absorbed
8．As we all know, water____________ (compose) of hydrogen and oxygen.
is composed
句意为：众所周知，水是由氢和氧构成的。设空处作主句的谓语动词，water和compose之间为被动关系，且water为单数概念，故填is composed。
解析
解析
9．The conference stimulated him ________ (study) the subject more in depth.
to study
10．It is very important __________ (enhance) the learners’ foreign cultural knowledge and awareness in teachingt.
to enhance
句意为：这次会议促使他对这个问题进行了更深入的研究。stimulate sb to do sth意为“刺激/促使某人做某事”。故填to study。
句意为：在教学中，增长学习者的外国文化知识和提高其外国文化意识是非常重要的。it is important to do sth意为“做某事是重要的”。故填to enhance。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
体裁：说明文 题材：健康生活
[浙江宁波六校2022高二期中联考]Being young isn’t the excuse not to pay attention 1________ your health. Now it is a perfect time for teenagers 2________ (think) about their future health. Some old people’s health problems usually arise from bad habits formed when they were young.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．to　句意为：年轻不是忽视健康的理由。pay attention to意为“注意……”，为固定搭配。故填to。
2．to think　句意为：对青少年来说，现在是考虑他们未来的身体健康的最佳时刻。此处为固定句型it's time for sb to do sth，意为“对某人来说是做某事的时候了”，应用动词不定式。故填to think。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一些老年人会出现健康问题，而这主要是他们年轻时养成的一些坏习惯造成的。作者以此告诫年轻人多注重健康饮食和身体的锻炼。
答案及解析
Teenagers 3________ eat a lot of junk food and watch TV all day are 4________ (likely) to have a weight or health problem than the kids who are active and follow a healthy diet. Young people who care about their health 5________ (regular) now may have fewer problems when they are older.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．regularly　句意为：现在经常关心自身健康的年轻人年老的时候可能会有较少的问题。此处应用副词修饰动词短语care about their health。故填regularly。
4．more likely　句意见上一题解析。根据句中的than可知，此处应用形容词的比较级结构，故填more likely。
答案及解析
3．who/that　句意为：和那些活跃的并遵循健康饮食习惯的孩子们相比，那些吃大量垃圾食品并整天看电视的青少年们更有可能有体重或健康方面的问题。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词Teenagers，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，故填who/that。
Even though I am a health nut, I understand that most teenagers have very crazy lives.It is much more 6________ (attract) to lie on the couch after school than to exercise, but it could have a negative effect in 7________ long run. Taking fast food on the way to school or work 8________ (be) much easier than cooking a healthy meal. However, 9________ (compare) with the healthy meal, it could have a bad influence on your health.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
8．is　句意为：在上学或上班的路上吃快餐要比做一顿健康的饭菜容易得多。分析句子结构可知，设空处作句子谓语，句子主语是动名词短语Taking fast food on the way to school or work，为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；此处陈述客观性事实，应用一般现在时。故填is。
9．compared　句意为：然而，和健康的饭菜相比，它可能对你的健康有不利影响。句中已有谓语动词，与设空处之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语形式。compared to/with… 为过去分词短语作状语。故填compared。
答案及解析
6．attractive　句意为：放学之后躺在沙发上要比去锻炼更有吸引力，但是，这从长远来看却可能有消极的影响。分析句子结构可知，much more ________ 作系动词is的表语，结合句意可知，设空处应用形容词。故填attractive。
7．the　句意见上一题解析。in the long run意为“从长远来看”，为固定搭配。故填the。
You don’t need a lot of time to be in good shape. Just be smart.Instead of getting fast food, grab an apple or salad. Take 15 to 25 minutes three to five 10________ (time) a week to go for a walk, or even dance.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
10．times　句意为：每周3至5次，每次花15到25分钟去散散步，或者甚至去跳跳舞。结合句意可知，此处time意为“次；回”，为可数名词，根据空前的three to five可知，应用复数形式。故填times。
答案及解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
There’s nothing like a good night’s sleep—but what does that really mean It turns out that the answer depends not only on your age, but also on your lifestyle. Some people are productive and happy with fewer hours of sleep, while others need more. The National Sleep Foundation (NSF) researched the topic and gave new recommendations. The NSF acknowledges that sleep needs will vary—lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration.
To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published during the last decade. This is the first time that a professional organisation has developed age specific recommended sleep duration based on a systematic review of the world scientific literature.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the NSF. It can also have serious consequences for the brain. People who do not get enough sleep have an increased risk of depression, and can endanger others. Those who become sleepy while driving, for example, risk both their lives and the lives of those around them.
Researchers in the past have also found that too much sleep can have negative effects. Reportedly, low socioeconomic status and depression are significantly associated with longer sleep. However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still unconvincing and needs more attention. There is, nevertheless, laboratory evidence that short sleep duration of four to five hours has negative consequences. We need similar laboratory studies to determine whether long sleep duration results in physiological changes that could lead to disease.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
1．What can be learnt about sleeping time
A．The time you need for sleep is related to your state of mind.
B．Experts’ guidelines for sleeping time apply to all the people.
C．The less you sleep, the more productive you are.
D．The more you sleep, the more energetic you are.
2．How did the National Sleep Foundation do the research
A．By interviewing different people.
B．By reading lots of articles.
C．By consulting other experts.
D．By doing systematic experiments.
【语篇导读】好睡眠的标准不仅取决于一个人的年龄，而且取决于一个人的生活方式。睡眠需求是因人而异的，美国国家睡眠基金会通过研究给予了人们睡眠方面的指导。研究表明缺乏睡眠可能会导致人的体重增加，但过度睡眠是否对健康有影响还需进一步研究。
1．A　推理判断题。根据第一段中的The NSF acknowledges that sleep needs will vary—lifestyle and stress should be taken into consideration.可知，人们所需的睡眠时间与压力(即自身心态)有关。
2．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的To create the recommendations, some sleep and medical experts reviewed 312 articles from journals published
during the last decade.可知，美国国家睡眠
基金会采用的研究方式是阅读文献资料。
答案及解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
3．What will people without enough sleep probably do according to the research
A．Lose some weight.
B．Eat more food.
C．Dream during their sleep.
D．Drive faster than usual.
4．What can be learnt from Paragraph 4
A．Too much sleep may result in social changes.
B．Researchers now agree with those in the past.
C．More research on oversleeping is needed.
D．Research on oversleeping is quite convincing.
答案及解析
3．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的A lack of sleep can be linked to weight gain, because that causes an increase in appetite, according to the NSF.可知，缺乏睡眠可能会导致人们体重增加，因为那会增强食欲。
4．C　推理判断题。根据第四段中的However, experts nowadays find that research on oversleeping is still unconvincing and needs more attention.可知，对于过度睡眠的研究结果并不令人信服，因此还需要进一步研究。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
[辽宁沈阳市郊联体2022高二联考]It’s normal for teens to want to stay connected with friends and in their social circles, but what about that happening in the middle of the night Journal of Youth Studies recently published new research showing that one in five teens from 12 to 15 regularly wakes to spend all night on social media. Not surprisingly, the research also showed that these social night owls were three times more likely than others to feel tired at school.
The blue light produced by cellphones and computers makes the brain to stay awake, so it's easy to see why a teen might be up all night. A study in Psychological Science showed the same brain reaction: When teens saw large numbers of “likes” on their posts, they stayed awake with excitement as if they had eaten chocolates or won money. Besides not catching up on sleep and interrupting their sleep cycle, teens may never fully enter deep sleep that may be responsible for brain development and learning.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Considering about 72 percent of children from 6 to 17 sleep with some electronic media in their bedrooms, parents need to set rules sooner rather than later.
“Providing access to social media is a favour that children can earn and also lose,” Janie Feldman, an expert who treats sleep disorders (紊乱), reminds parents. “The bad effect is clear.So teens and parents should discuss and agree on its use, timing and access. When teenagers agree to the rules, it's easier for parents to control how much time they use the phones or computers.”
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What does the underlined part “night owls” in Paragraph 1 refer to
A．Teens who are often called to office.
B．Teens who stay up late because of social media.
C．Teens who are busy with their homework at night.
D．Boys regularly waking in the middle of the night.
2．How do teens react when seeing many “likes” on their posts according to the study
A．They are too excited to go to sleep.
B．They fall asleep easily and happily.
C．They are too excited to go to school.
D．They decide to make more good friends.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。《青年研究杂志》最近发表的新研究表明，12—15岁的青少年中有五分之一的人经常熬夜，整夜的时间都花在社交媒体上。这会影响到青少年的大脑发育和他们的学习成绩。父母应该和青少年一起制定关于社交媒体的使用时间和使用权利的规则。
1．B　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的one in five teens from 12 to 15 regularly wakes to spend all night on social media可知，night owls是指熬夜不睡觉、把整夜的时间都花在社交媒体上的青少年。故选B项。
2．A　细节理解题。根据第二段中的When teens saw large numbers of “likes” on their posts, they stayed awake with excitement可知，当青少年看到自己的帖子上有大量的“赞”时，他们会因为兴奋而无法入睡。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What suggestion does Janie Feldman give to parents
A．Making rules of access to social media together with their children.
B．Getting their children to do homework through computers.
C．Encouraging their children to stay connected with online friends.
D．Stopping their children from using cellphones.
4．What is the main idea of the text
A．Deep sleep makes a big difference to brain development.
B．Kids are trying to win back the trust of their parents.
C．Social media may have a bad effect on all kinds of people.
D．Social media may cause teens sleep disorders.
3．A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的teens and parents should discuss and agree on its use, timing and access可知，贾妮·费尔德曼建议父母应该和孩子一起讨论和商定使用社交媒体的一些规则，如使用时间和使用权利等。故选A项。
4．D　主旨大意题。《青年研究杂志》发表的新研究表明，12—15岁的青少年中有五分之一的人经常熬夜，把整夜的时间都花在社交媒体上。另外，手机和电脑产生的蓝光使大脑保持清醒，使他们难以入睡。因此文章是关于社交媒体和青少年睡眠的关系的——社交媒体可能会导致青少年睡眠紊乱。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
Last year I ruined my summer vacation by bringing along a modern convenience: the iPad.
Instead of enjoying the beauty of nature, I __1__ my e mail. Instead of reading great novels, I stuck to reading __2__ newspapers each morning. And that was the problem: I was acting as if I were still in the office. My body was on vacation but my __3__ wasn’t.
So this year I made up my mind to try something __4__: getting away from the Internet. I knew it wouldn’t be easy, __5__ I'm not good at self control. But I was __6__．
1．A．received　　　B．selected
C．checked D．removed
2．A．online B．informal
C．local D．traditional
3．A．opinion B．mind
C．identity D．curiosity
4．A．attractive B．logical
C．magical D．different
5．A．since B．unless
C．though D．so
6．A．excited B．shocked
C．frightened D．determined
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
I started by handing the iPad to my wife. Then, in a stroke of luck, the mobile phone __7__ at our cabin was worse than in the past. I was trapped, forced to carry out my plan. Largely __8__ from e mail and my favourite newspaper websites, I had little possibility to __9__ the world. I had no __10__ but to do what I had planned to do all along: read books.
With determination and the strong support of my wife, I succeeded in my vacation struggle against the Internet.I finally __11__ that it was me, of course, not the iPad, that was the __12__.
7．A．quality B．design
C．signal D．technology
8．A．taken out B．pulled down
C．cut off D．carried away
9．A．rely on B．connect to
C．help with D．look at
10．A．method B．goal
C．trick D．choice
11．A．expected B．realised
C．permitted D．suggested
12．A．puzzle B．sign
C．evidence D．problem
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
I knew I had __13__ when we passed a Starbucks and my wife asked if I wanted to stop to use the Wi Fi. “Don’t need it,” I said. __14__, as I return to work, a test begins: Can I survive when I’m back at work I don’t plan to __15__ my iPad completely. But I hope to resist the temptation (诱惑) to use it every five minutes.
13．A．won B．forgotten
C．suffered D．recovered
14．A．Somehow B．Anyway
C．However D．Therefore
15．A．take apart B．give up
C．turn to D．care about
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者为了抵挡网络诱惑，在度假时尝试彻底远离网络的经历。
1．C　句意为：我查看电子邮件而不是欣赏大自然的美景。check e mail，意为“查看电子邮件”。故选C项。
2．A　根据语境和下文的newspaper websites可知，作者每天早上用iPad读网络报纸。故选A项。
3．B　句意为：我的身体在度假，但我的大脑却没有。此空应与My body 对应。故选B项。
4．D　根据设空后的getting away from the Internet可知，作者今年度假想尝试一些与去年度假时沉迷于网络不 同的事。故选D项。
5．A　根据设空后的I’m not good at self control可知，设空前为果后为因，故选A项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
6．D　根据前句的I knew it wouldn’t be easy和空前的But可知，作者这次下定决心作出改变。故选D项。
7．C　句意为：然后正巧的是我们小屋里的手机信号比过去差。根据at our cabin和worse可知选C项。
8．C　根据语境可知，没有iPad以及手机信号不好，让作者感觉与世隔绝。cut off意为“切断；中断”，符合语境。take out意为“取出；去掉”；pull down意为“拉下来；摧毁；推翻”；carry away意为“拿走；运走”。故选C项。
9．B　因为没有电子邮件，没有报纸网站，作者几乎没有办法与外面的世界联系。故选B项。
10．D　根据上文的I had little possibility to ________ the world可知，作者与世隔绝，只能实行自己读书的计划。have no choice but to do sth为固定搭配，意为“除了做某事别无选择”。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
11．B　句意为：我最终意识到有问题的是我，而不是iPad。故选B项。
12．D　句意见上一题解析。根据前文可知，作者一直认为是iPad毁掉了他的假期，而这次抵制网络的经历让他意识到网络本身没有问题，是他自己有问题。故选D项。
13．A　当路过星巴克时，妻子问作者是否进去蹭网，作者说不需要，他觉得自己战胜了网络。故选A项。
14．C　句意为：但是，当我回去上班时，会面临一个考验：我在工作中还能避免使用网络吗？根据语境可知，设空处表示转折关系。故选C项。
15．B　根据下一句But I hope to resist the temptation to use it every five minutes.可知，作者并不想完全放弃iPad。故选B项。
　单元限时作业
03
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
[浙江2021年1月]At the start of the 20th century, an American engineer named John Elfreth Watkins made predictions about life today. His predictions about slowing population growth, mobile phones and increasing height were close to the mark.But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day.
Today, in Australia, most children on average fall 2, 000 steps short of the physical activity they need to avoid being overweight.In the early 1970s, 40 per cent of children walked to school, while in 2010, it was as low as 15 per cent.
The decline is not because we have all become lazy.Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
The other side of the coin is equally a deprivation: for health and well being, as well as lost opportunities (机会) for children to get to know their local surroundings.And for parents there are lost opportunities to walk and talk with their young scholar about their day.
Most parents will have eagerly asked their child about their day, only to meet with a “good”, quickly followed by “I'm hungry”．This is also my experience as a mother. But somewhere over the daily walk more about my son's day comes out. I hear him making sense of friendship and its limits. This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.
Many primary schools support walking school bus routes (路线), with days of regular, parent accompanied walks. Doing just one of these a few times a week is better than nothing. It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning—running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones—but it's certainly worth trying.
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
1．Why does the author mention Watkins’ predictions in the first paragraph
A．To make comparisons.
B．To introduce the topic.
C．To support her argument.
D．To provide examples.
2．What has caused the decrease in Australian children’s physical activity
A．Plain laziness. B．Health problems.
C．Lack of time. D．Security concerns.
2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的Families are pressed for time, many with both parents working to pay for their house, often working hours not of their choosing, living in car dependent neighborhoods with limited public transport.可知，导致
澳大利亚儿童身体运动减少的原因是父母忙于工作挣
钱，没有时间陪他们锻炼。故选C项。
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文从沃特金斯一个错误的预言引出现在人们忙于生存，用于陪孩子走路上学的时间越来越少这一现象，并说明了走路的重要性。
1．B　推理判断题。第一段最后一句But he was wrong in one prediction: that everybody would walk 10 miles a day. 提到沃特金斯关于人们每天走10英里路的预言是错误的。结合后文对此的解释——人们忙于生存，进而讲到人们也没有时间陪孩子走路上学。由此可推知作者在第一段提到沃特金斯的预言，是为了引出文章的主题。故选B项。
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
3．Why does the author find walking with her son worthwhile
A．She can get relaxed after work.
B．She can keep physically fit.
C．She can help with her son’s study.
D．She can know her son better.
3．D　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的This is the unexpected and rare parental opportunity to hear more.可知，作者觉得和儿子一起散步能让她听到儿子的更多想法，更了解她的儿子。故选D项。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷7选5
[黑龙江省实验中学2022高二月考]
How Is Eating in Space Different From Eating on Earth
If you send astronauts into space, you have to send along food as well.But what do astronauts eat, and how do they eat it Scientists take several factors into consideration as they plan meals for space.
First, and possibly the most important one, is nutrition. __1__ Providing junk food to eat, such as potato chips, sodas, and pizza, would make the astronauts unhealthy.
__2__ If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it. If you’ve ever tried to concentrate on something important while your stomach doesn’t feel well, you'll know why the scientists in charge of a space mission want their astronauts to eat regularly.
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The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space. Meals must be packaged carefully so they won't spill into the cabin, one of the areas inside a spacecraft. Water or tiny bits of food could get inside a machine or electronic device and damage it. __3__ A loose knife bouncing around inside the cabin would be dangerous.
__4__ The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again. __5__ Most foods are stored in plastic bags, and often, the foods are dehydrated (脱水的). When an astronaut is ready to eat, hot water is added to the meal and warm it up.
Despite all these requirements, much of the food eaten in space is actually similar to what you might eat on any given day.
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A．Taste is also important.
B．Finally, weight is an important concern.
C．Food packaging is made to be as light as possible.
D．Believe it or not, they also have fresh fruits and vegetables.
E．Nutrition and practicality are important things to consider.
F．For the same reason, sharp knives and forks are never used on board.
G．Keeping astronauts’ physical health is a top task for any space mission.
1．________　2. ________　3. ________　4. ________　5. ________
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【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了航天员在太空中吃什么以及怎样吃需要考虑的几个因素。
1．G　根据本段第一句First, and possibly the most important one, is nutrition.可知，本段主要说明了营养是科学家在规划航天员用餐时需要重点考虑的因素；下文提到垃圾食品不利于航天员的身体健康；G项(保持航天员的身体健康是任何太空任务的首要任务)与本段主旨一致，且与后文形成对比关系，其中的health与后文的unhealthy相对比，符合语境。故选G项。
2．A　设空句为本段主旨句，后文If the food that has been provided is distasteful, then the astronauts may avoid eating it.说明了食物味道的重要性；A项(味道也很重要)中的Taste与后文的distasteful相呼应，符合语境。故选A项。
3．F　本段主旨句The lack of gravity in a spacecraft also determines what foods can or cannot be eaten in space.说明了重力也是航天员饮食中需要考虑的因素之一；后文A loose knife bouncing around inside the cabin would be dangerous.说明了刀在太空舱内来回弹跳是危险的；F项(同样的原因，从不在宇宙飞船上使用锋利的刀和叉)中的knives与后文的knife相呼应，the same reason指本段开头的The lack of gravity，故F项符合语境。
答案及解析
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答案及解析
4．B　后文The weight of every object included in a spacecraft must be calculated in order to ensure that there is enough fuel and power to carry the craft safely into space and back home again.说明了重量也是航天员饮食中要考虑的因素；B项(最后，重量是一个重要的问题)与后文的weight相呼应，且Finally与前文也形成了递进关系，符合语境。故选B项。
5．C　前文提到提供食物时需要考虑重量，再根据后文可知，大多数食物都储存在塑料袋里，而且这些食物通常是脱水的；C项(食品包装要尽可能轻)中的packaging与后文的stored相呼应，light与本段的主题weight相呼应，符合语境。故选C项。
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It was early in the morning and I couldn’t stop looking at the woman a few feet away from me on the beach. I came to watch the __1__ and she was getting on my nerves.
The woman endlessly tapped on the screen of her cellphone __2__ appreciating the beautiful sunrise before us. It was really __3__—great beauty was right before her and she didn’t even notice.
I noticed her on the __4__ the day before when she was sitting next to my family. She just sat there baking in the sun with her cellphone in hand, and never __5__. Now she was in front of the finest scenery and she was still looking down. That's a sad way to __6__, I thought.
1．A．show　　　 　　 B．game
C．video 　　 D．sunrise
2．A．in favour of 　　 B．in case of
C．instead of 　　 D．in fear of
3．A．strange 　　 B．adventurous
C．brilliant 　　 D．harmonious
4．A．path 　　 B．grass
C．stage 　　 D．beach
5．A．showed off 　　 B．looked up
C．went round 　　 D．jogged round
6．A．live 　　 B．grow
C．change 　　 D．work
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Then an inner voice spoke to me, “You’re just as distracted from looking at the sunrise as she is. She’s only distracted by her phone __7__ you’re distracted by your __8__ to look over and judge her.”
When I looked away from the lady, I __9__ something: I could relax and __10__ enjoy the masterpiece before me, and I didn't have to worry about her.
7．A．unless B．if
C．before 　　 D．while
8．A．wish 　　 B．goal
C．ability 　　 D．effort
9．A．controlled 　　 B．complained
C．realised 　　 D．mentioned
10．A．independently B．fully
C．generally 　　 D．instantly
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Stop __11__ other people. There is always at least one more fact, which we know __12__ about, in every person's __13__. For all I know, the grandchild of that woman was in hospital and she was __14__ checking her phone for an update. Or maybe she was getting e mails about… Why did I care
Stop looking for people's imperfections. Only by doing that will we be in a better position to see the beautiful things that are __15__ right in front of us.
11．A．opposing 　　 B．judging
C．examining 　　 D．bothering
12．A．anything 　　 B．something
C．everything 　　 D．nothing
13．A．situation 　　 B．mind
C．possibilities 　　 D．strengths
14．A．firmly 　　 B．curiously
C．constantly 　　 D．properly
15．A．shared 　　 B．placed
C．treated 　　 D．distributed
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【语篇导读】本文主要讲述了作者在海滩上看到一位女士只看手机而不欣赏日出美景，为此烦恼。后来作者意识到不要关心人们的不完美之处，只有这样， 我们才能看到我们面前的美好事物。
1．D　根据第二段中的appreciating the beautiful sunrise before us可知，作者本来是来看日出的，但是旁边的女士却惹他心烦。故选D项。
2．C　空前指女士不停地敲着手机屏幕，空后指欣赏美丽的日出，设空处前后为转折关系，instead of意为“而不是”，符合语境。故选C项。
3．A　此句中的主语It指女士只看手机不看日出这件事，作者觉得这很奇怪。故选A项。
4．D　根据第一段中的on the beach可知，D项正确。
5．B　根据下一句中的she was still looking down可知，她一直低着头，没有抬头。look up意为“向上看”。故选B项。
答案及解析
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6．A　句意为：我认为这是一种可悲的生活方式。故选A项。
7．D　句意为：她只是被她的手机分心，而你被打量她和评判她的意愿分心。根据语境可知，此处表示对比，while意为“然而”，表对比。故选D项。
8．A　此处表示作者总想去观察女士并评判她。故选A项。
9．C　句意为：当我把目光从那个女士身上移开时，我意识到了一些事情…… 设空后为作者恍然大悟的想法。故选C项。
10．B　此处是说作者可以放松自己，充分地享受眼前的美景。fully意为“充分地；完全地”。故选B项。
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11．B　此处为原词复现，根据上文的to look over and judge her可知，此处是说：不要再继续评判别人了。故选B项。
12．D　句意为：在每个人的处境中，总有至少一个我们一无所知的事实。根据后两句作者的假设可知选D项。
13．A　根据上一题解析可知，此处表示“处境”。故选A项。
14．C　根据第二段第一句中的endlessly可知，她不断地看手机。constantly意为“持续不断地”，与上文相照应。故选C项。
15．B　句意为：只有这样做，我们才能更好地看到正好置于我们面前的美好事物。place作动词，意为“放置；安放”。故选B项。
体裁：说明文　 题材：科普知识
China’s Zhurong Mars rover touched down on the red planet in 2021. China has become the third nation in human history to land safely on the surface of Mars—1________ its first attempt.
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1．at　句意为：中国首次尝试就成为人类历史上第三个安全着陆于火星表面的国家。根据固定短语at one's first attempt可知设空处填介词at。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了中国“祝融”号火星车登陆火星表面的情况。
答案及解析
Like NASA’s Perseverance rover before it, Zhurong 2________ (rely) on a heat shield (热控涂层) and a protective aeroshell (减速伞) 3________ (protect) it from the extreme temperatures generated after hitting the atmosphere at nearly three miles per second. Once through the plasma (等离子体) heating zone, a large parachute (降落伞) opened as planned, quickly 4________ (slow) the craft to sub sonic speeds.
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答案及解析
4．slowing　句意为：一旦穿过等离子体加热区，一个巨大的降落伞就会按计划打开，很快使飞行器的速度降低到亚声速。此处应用现在分词作状语，表示自然而然的结果。故填slowing。
2．relies　句意为：像在“祝融”号之前的美国国家航空航天局的“毅力”号火星车一样，“祝融”号依靠热控涂层和一种保护性减速伞来保护它免受极端高温，这种高温是由于它以每秒几乎三英里的速度在大气层中穿梭引起的。这里陈述客观事实，要用一般现在时。主语为单数概念，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故填relies。
3．to protect　句意见上一题解析。设空处表目的，应用不定式，作目的状语。故填to protect。
5________ (final), about seven minutes after hitting the atmosphere, the lander was programmed to fall free of its parachute, with small rocket 6________ (engine) firing for a powered descent (下降) to the surface.
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答案及解析
5．Finally　句意为：最后，抵达大气层后大约七分钟，着陆器就按程序脱离降落伞自由降落，利用小火箭发动机点火产生的反冲力提供下降到火星表面的动力。设空处作句子状语，应用副词。句首单词首字母大写，故填Finally。
6．engines　句意见上一题解析。engine意为“发动机”时为可数名词，其前无冠词，应用名词复数。故填engines。
There had been 10 months for Martian 7________ (explore). Three spacecraft, including Tianwen 1, were launched to Mars in July 2020. The United Arab Emirates’ Hope orbiter, 8________ surveyed Mars’ atmosphere from space, put 9________ (it) into orbit in February. Not long after, NASA’s now famous rolling rover, Perseverance, and its history making flying companion Ingenuity, reached 10________ surface of Mars, landing in an ancient lake bed that may once have been home to Martian life.
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8．which　句意为：阿拉伯联合酋长国“希望”号轨道飞行器于2月份进入轨道，该飞行器从太空探测火星大气层。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为Hope orbiter，指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，故填which。
9．itself　句意见上一题解析。设空处作动词put的宾语，指的是主语The United Arab Emirates’ Hope orbiter本身，应用反身代词，故填itself。
10．the　句意为：不久以后，美国国家航空航天局的著名滚动火星车“毅力”号和它创造历史的同伴“机智”号到达了火星表面，着陆在一个古老的湖床上，这里可能曾经是火星生物的家园。此处特指“火星表面”，故填定冠词the。
答案及解析
7．exploration(s)　句意为：有十个月的时间对火星进行探测。设空处作介词for的宾语，应用名词。exploration意为“勘探；探索”时既是可数名词又是不可数名词，故填exploration(s)。
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[全国新高考Ⅰ2022]阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the day of the big cross country run.Students from seven different primary schools in and around the small town were warming up and walking the route (路线) through thick evergreen forest.
I looked around and finally spotted David, who was standing by himself off to the side by a fence. He was small for ten years old. His usual big toothy smile was absent today. I walked over and asked him why he wasn’t with the other children. He hesitated and then said he had decided not to run.
What was wrong He had worked so hard for this event!
I quickly searched the crowd for the school's coach and asked him what had happened. “I was afraid that kids from other schools would laugh at him,” he explained uncomfortably. “I gave him the choice to run or not, and let him decide.”
I bit back my frustration (懊恼). I knew the coach meant well—he thought he was doing the right thing. After making sure that David could run if he wanted, I turned to find him coming towards me, his small body rocking from side to side as he swung his feet forward.
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David had a brain disease which prevented him from walking or running like other children, but at school his classmates thought of him as a regular kid. He always participated to the best of his ability in whatever they were doing. That was why none of the children thought it unusual that David had decided to join the cross country team. It just took him longer—that’s all. David had not missed a single practice, and although he always finished his run long after the other children, he did always finish. As a special education teacher at the school, I was familiar with the challenges David faced and was proud of his strong determination.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn't look at me. ________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. __________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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【写作提示】
1．材料导读
本文以人物为线索展开叙述。作为特殊教育教师的作者在大型越野赛跑那天发现患有脑部疾病的戴维独自站在一旁，作者问其原因，他说准备放弃比赛。作者从教练口中得知，戴维弃赛是因为担心同学们会嘲笑他，而教练想让戴维自己去决定是否参加赛跑。作者让戴维遵循自己的内心，不理会别人的看法，戴维最终决定参赛，尽管遇到困难，但是他战胜了自己。
2．续写分析
(1)由续写第一段首句内容“我们挨着彼此坐下来，但是戴维不愿看我”可知，续写第一段可描述作者开导戴维并鼓励他去参加比赛的过程以及戴维的心理斗争。
(2)由续写第二段首句内容“我注视着戴维和其他赛跑运动员走向起跑线”可知，续写第二段可描写戴维参加并顺利完成比赛的过程。
续写线索：鼓励戴维——心理变化——决定参赛——克服困难——完成比赛——心理感悟。
3．提分词句
prevent/stop sb from doing sth; hold one’s breath; take one’s words in; pick oneself up; whether引导表语
从句； as引导时间状语从句等。
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【参考范文】
We sat down next to each other, but David wouldn’t look at me. I quietly said, “David, if you don’t want to run today, no one is going to force you. But the real question is whether you are going to let others stop you from doing something you really want to do. Are you willing to let them get in your way ” I held my breath as David took my words in. Then he looked at the field and said with determination, “I decide to run.”
I watched as David moved up to the starting line with the other runners. As the starter’s gun sounded, David lurched forward. But he had only run a few metres before he tripped and fell flat on his face. My heart sank. As I started to shout words of encouragement, other voices around me took up the call, “Come on, David!” Then, David picked himself up and started again. Finally, a small figure emerged from the forest. With heels kicking out to the side, David raised his arms as he crossed the finish line amid wild cheers and applause. At that moment, he caught my eye, flashed a toothy smile at me and said, “That was easy!”