人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 1 Science Fiction课件(共81张PPT)

(共81张PPT)
Unit 1　Science Fiction
选择性必修
第四册
Period Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
01
1．Please call me to set up an __________ (appoint) at your convenience.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
appointment
句意为：请在你方便的时候给我打电话来安排约会。设空处作set up的宾语且其前有an修饰，应用名词。
2．Students are asked to prepare material in advance of the ________ (week) seminar.
weekly
句意为：学生被要求在每周的研讨会之前准备材料。设空处作定语，修饰名词，应用形容词，故填weekly。
解析
解析
3．It had a small brain, apparently walked upright, and had teeth more ________ those of a human than an ape.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：它有一个(容量)很小的大脑，很明显是直立行走的，而且有着相较于猿类而言更像人类的牙齿。more like… than… 意为“相比……更像……”。故填like。
4．The new switch mechanism is not ready to go into production yet, for it isn‘t fully tested ________.　
句意为：新的开关装置还没有准备好投入生产，因为它还没有完全经过检验。test out为固定搭配，意为“检验；测试”。故填out。
like
out
解析
解析
5．Doctors and nurses are to be instructed to treat patients ________ dignity, kindness and compassion.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
with
句意为：医生和护士都会被教导以庄重、仁慈和同情的态度对待病人。treat sb with… 意为“以……态度对待某人”。故填with。
6．His being dismissed ________ the factory forced him to leave his hometown and seek jobs in other cities.
from
句意为：他被工厂解雇了，这迫使他离开家乡，到其他城市找工作。dismiss… from… 为固定搭配，意为“从……解雇……”。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．Sometimes we keep remembering our failures or mistakes and feel guilty ________ them. We let them take over, and then we develop a fear.
句意为：有时，我们总是想起自己的失败或错误，并为此感到内疚。我们被它们左右，然后我们产生了恐惧。be/feel guilty about/at为固定搭配，意为“对……感到愧疚”。
about/at
8．Everything is great and being able to walk to work is ________ added bonus for me.
an
句意为：一切都很好，而且能够步行去上班对我来说是一项额外的好处。bonus常用单数形式，此处泛指“一项额外的好处”，所以应用不定冠词，又因为added是发音以元音音素开头的单词，故填an。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
9．Professional soccer events __________________ (suspend) since mid March due to COVID 19.
句意为：由于新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情，职业足球比赛自3月中旬以来一直暂停。设空处作句子谓语，与主语是被动关系，且其后有时间状语since mid March，所以应用现在完成时的被动语态。故填have been suspended。
have been suspended
10．When I turned on the TV, the Olympic champion __________________ (interview) after the race.
was being interviewed
句意为：当我打开电视时，这名奥运冠军正在接受赛后采访。根据时间状语从句可知，此处讲述过去正在发生的事情，应用过去进行时，且主语the Olympic champion与动词interview之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语the Olympic champion为第三人称单数，谓语动词用单数形式。故填was being interviewed。
解析
解析
An advertisement uses words and pictures to ________ ________ ________ ________ a product or service, or to believe in an idea.
1．“充电觉”只是暂时的解决方法。每晚规律的良好睡眠是不可替代的。(regular)
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．广告使用文字和图片来说服人们购买产品或服务，或相信某种想法。
“Power sleeping” is only a temporary solution.There is no substitute for getting a good night’s sleep ________ ________ ________ ________.
persuade people to buy
on a regular basis
4．他大步走开了，她发觉很难跟上他的步伐。(pace)
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
She found ________ hard ________ ________ ________ ________ him as he strode off.
it to keep pace with
3．据估算，该市轻工业总产值是去年的三倍以上。(calculate)
________ ________ ________ ________ the total output value of the city’s light industry has grown over three times as much as that of last year.
It is calculated that
5．这个机器人能否投入使用还有待观察。(remain)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ this robot can be put into use or not.
It remains to be seen whether
体裁：说明文　 题材：人物故事
Tony, a household robot made in Larry’s company, was going to be tested out by Larry’s wife, Claire. Although Claire didn’t like the idea at first, her husband persuaded her, 1________ (tell) her the robot wouldn’t harm her or allow her 2________ (harm). At the first sight of Tony, she felt 3________ (alarm) to discover that he looked more like a tall and handsome man than a machine.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．telling　tell 在此处应用非谓语形式，作状语；它与主句主语her husband是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词。
2．to be harmed　allow sb to do sth意为“允许某人做某事”，harm与其逻辑主语her是被动关系，所以应用不定式的被动式。
答案及解析
3．alarmed　felt在此处为连系动词，其后接形容词作表语，alarmed意为“担忧的，惊恐的”。
On the second morning, when Tony offered to help her with dressing, Claire felt embarrassed. But 4________ (gradual), Tony began to win Claire’s trust. He helped Claire realise her dream of making her home elegant, gave her a new haircut, improved the makeup she 5________ (wear) and gave her advice on her dressing. He also suggested that a party 6________ (hold) to invite some friends, including Gladys, 7________ was everything Claire wished to be. Tony helped to transform the house.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
4．gradually　设空处修饰整个句子，在句中作状语，应用副词。
5．wore　此处是从句的谓语动词，且表示发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时。
答案及解析
6．be held　此处是suggested后的宾语从句中的谓语动词，与从句的主语是被动关系，应用被动语态；suggest意为“建议”时，其后的宾语从句应用虚拟语气，即从句谓语用“should＋动词原形”，should可以省略。故填be held。
7．who　________ was everything Claire wished to be在此是非限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，且先行词指人，所以应用关系代词who引导该从句。
Finally, 8________ party arrived.As the clock struck eight, the 9________ (guest) were coming soon. Clair dismissed Tony for the rest of the night, but he took Clair 10________ his arms.He told her that he did not want to leave the next day.Then the front doorbell rang.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
答案及解析
9．guests　根据语境和空后的were可知，设空处应用名词复数形式。
10．in　take sb in one’s arms为固定搭配，意为“拥抱某人”。故填in。
8．the　此处特指上文提到的聚会，所以应用定冠词。
体裁：说明文 题材：文学作品
[江苏无锡2022高二期末调研]Journey to the Centre of the Earth is an 1864 science fiction novel by Jules Verne. The scientific knowledge in the book is old, but this has nothing to do with the 1________ (popular) of the book.
There are three main 2________ (character) in the book: Axel, the narrator of the story; his uncle, Professor Lidenbrock, the scientist of geology; and Hans, their 3________ (faith) Iceland guide.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．popularity　句意为：书中的科学知识陈旧，但这不影响这本书受欢迎。设空处作介词with的宾语，表示“普及，受欢迎”，应用名词。故填popularity。
2．characters　句意为：书中有三个主要人物：阿克塞尔，故事的叙述者；他的叔叔，地质学家黎登布洛克教授和他们忠实的冰岛向导汉斯。character在此处意为“人物”，为可数名词，由three修饰，应用复数形式。故填characters。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章简要介绍了科幻小说《地心游记》，并鼓励学生去阅读。
答案及解析
3．faithful　句意见上一题解析。应用形容词修饰后文的guide，作定语。故填faithful。
Professor Lidenbrock was 4________ impatient person, but he insisted on continuing the journey, and finally 5________ (manage) it. Hans was silent and incredibly calm. As long as he 6________ (hire) by the Professor and paid wages regularly, he could do anything for him, despite the seemingly hopeless situation. His faith, courage and excellent skills saved the other two companions for several times.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．managed　句意见上一题解析。根据上文he insisted… 可知，应用一般过去时。故填managed。
6．was hired　句意为：只要教授雇用他，并定期支付工资，他就可以为他做任何事情，尽管是在看起来毫无希望的情况下。分析句子结构可知，设空处与下文中的paid由and连接，作从句的并列谓语；he指代Hans，根据句意和空后的by the Professor可知，he与hire之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填was hired。
答案及解析
4．an　句意为：黎登布洛克教授是一个没有耐心的人，但他坚持继续旅行，最后成功了。person为泛指，且impatient是发音以元音音素开头的单词。故填an。
One day, the Professor found a book, 7________ described the way down to the centre of the Earth. He and his companions got equipped immediately, 8________ (start) their adventurous journey.
The book is a short one. Some words in it may be difficult9________ (understand). But don’t worry! Not knowing these words will not stop us understanding the plot. Therefore, it should be a suitable book 10________ high school students and the fans of science fiction.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
答案及解析
9．to understand　句意为：其中的一些单词可能很难理解。表示“做某事很困难”的短语为be difficult to do sth。故填to understand。
10．for　句意为：因此，它应该是一本适合高中生和科幻迷的书。设空后为名词短语，表示“对于”应用
介词for。故填for。
7．which　句意为：有一天，教授发现了一本书，它描述了到达地心的路。非限制性定语从句修饰先行词book，关系词在从句中作主语，指物，故填关系代词which。
8．starting　句意为：他和他的同伴们立刻装备好，开始了他们的冒险之旅。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中应用非谓语形式，与逻辑主语He and his companions构成主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。故填starting。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
[吉林长春外国语学校2022高二开学考试]I believe in the power of science fiction, not only for its capacity to transform dreams into reality, but also for its power of bonding together those who share a common vision of the future. For me, that's true for my relationship with my dad. Some fathers and sons bond over sports, fishing or hunting, but my dad and I bond over Star Trek. We tried a trip to Walt Disney World, but one of my earliest memories wasn't Mickey, but a Klingon battle cruiser (战列巡洋舰) on the screen.
Over the years, nearly every setting and situation has become far away for my dad and me. When it’s warm at night, we’re not driving along some dark streets in Indiana, but walking at slow speed with stars dimly shining. Both of us are thinking of them, without needing to say a word.All these visions of other universes have together created a private universe for my dad and me.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Gene Roddenberry, creator of Star Trek, once said, “Science fiction is a way of thinking, a way of logic that bypasses (绕过) a lot of nonsense. It allows people to look directly at important subjects.” A lifetime of science fiction has influenced more than just my relationship with my dad, but has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future. I’m now a science writer.
Yes, science fiction has made me into a “nerd (书呆子)”, and it also has been a source of joy for my family, making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology. Thank those authors who have shared their visions; the world and my family are better for it. Thank my dad, who is both the best storyteller and the best man I have ever known because he helped me realise the truth of Tennyson’s words, “When I dipped into the future, I saw the vision of the world, and all the wonders that would be.”
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What is the special bond between the author and his father
A．Their similar dreams.
B．Their love for each other.
C．Their common interest.
D．Their hatred for science.
2．What does the author mainly show in Paragraph 2
A．His deep impression of his dad.
B．His feeling of staying with his dad.
C．His earliest memories of his dad.
D．His good relationship with his dad.
答案及解析
1．C　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Some fathers and sons bond over sports, fishing or hunting, but my dad and I bond over Star Trek.可知，有些父子通过运动、钓鱼或打猎来培养感情，但作者和他父亲则通过《星际迷航》来培养感情。由此可知，作者和他父亲之间特殊的感情纽带是他们的共同兴趣。故选C项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲的是作者热爱科幻作品，科幻作品不仅帮助作者和父亲培养了深厚的感情，而且帮助作者追求理想的职业。
2．D　推理判断题。由第二段第三句Both of us are thinking of them, without needing to say a word.和第四句中的 created a private universe for my dad and me可推知，作者和父亲很有默契，关系很好。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．How does science fiction help the author at present
A．It leads him to pursue a desirable career.
B．It brings him the courage to live better.
C．It helps him sense the danger of technology.
D．It makes him become a source of his family’s joy.
4．What may be the best title for the text
A．The Wonders of Science
B．The Power of Science Fiction
C．The Versions of Science Fiction
D．The Time Spent Together With My Father
3．A　细节理解题。根据第三段中的A lifetime of science fiction… but has also helped me shape my own hopes for the future.I’m now a science writer.可知，科幻作品不仅影响了作者和父亲的关系，还帮助作者找到了自己的职业方向。由此可知，科幻作品帮助作者从事了理想的事业。故选A项。
答案及解析
4．B　主旨大意题。第一段第一句I believe in the power of science fiction, not only for its capacity to transform dreams into reality, but also for its power of bonding together those who share a common vision of the future.点明主旨，文章主要讲述了作者热爱科幻作品，它不仅帮助作者和父亲培养了深厚的感情，而且帮助作者找到了理想的职业方向。故“科幻作品的力量”是本文最合适的标题。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Yes, science fiction has made me into a “nerd”, and it also has been a source of joy for my family, making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology.
长难句分析
句式分析：本句为and连接的并列句； 后面分句的主语是it, has been 是系动词，a source of joy for my family 是表语； making me an optimist while enabling me to think critically about the danger of technology是现在分词短语作结果状语。
句意：是的，科幻作品让我变成了一个“书呆子”，它也是我们一家人快乐的源泉，它让我成为一个乐观主义者，同时也让我能够批判性地思考科技带来的危险。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
[福建福州八县(市)协作校2022高二期末联考]The Internet, search engines, virtual worlds—have you ever got the feeling that you’re living in a science fiction fantasy
Well, indeed you are.
For more than a century, inventors have been driven to create what sci fi writers have imagined long before. Buck Rogers inspired a generation of scientists excited about space exploration. Ray Bradbury predicted home theatre systems. William Gibson dreamed up the Internet while writing Neuromancer on a typewriter. Not long after him, Neal Stephenson predicted virtual worlds in his 1992 novel Snow Crash. One of his readers was Philip Rosedale, who loved it so much that he wanted to build a virtual world based on it.
By the late 1990s, technology caught up with the novel, and Rosedale built the virtual world Second Life based on the “Metaverse” from the novel. With millions of active users, Second Life offers virtual shops, bars, houses and even virtual television studios with virtual celebrities (名人) on virtual talk shows.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
“I think it is pretty much what I imagined,” Stephenson says.“I just shoot for the stars, while Rosedale makes great things happen.”
But Snow Crash is a dark book. The world in the novel is filled with criminals, violence and environmental problems.
“Science fiction not only puts stars in our hands, it also helps us see the meaning of our work,” Philip Rosedale admits.“It makes it possible for us to see what all of our efforts could eventually lead to.”
In fact, most science fiction authors admit that their works are usually cautionary (警告的). “While the inventors are rushing ahead and excited about this possibility or that possibility, we're always standing there going, ‘Hang on just a second. Let’s think about this a little more,’” author Connie Willis says. “But most of them will ignore you because they think they already know what they think about any given hot topic of the day. But if you can convince them that you’re talking about a planet millions of miles away and hundreds of years in the future or the past, you can actually get them to examine more closely what’s going on right now.”
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．Who was inspired by Neal Stephenson’s work
A．Connie Willis. B．William Gibson.
C．Ray Bradbury. D．Philip Rosedale.
2．What does Neal Stephenson say about Second Life
A．He is satisfied with this “Metaverse”.
B．It is a very violent virtual world.
C．It is not based on his fiction strictly.
D．More activities should be added to it.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科幻作品对科技进步的推动及警示作用。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第三段最后两句以及第四段中的By the late 1990s, technology caught up with the novel, and Rosedale built the virtual world Second Life based on the “Metaverse” from the novel.可知，菲利普·罗斯戴尔受到了尼尔·斯蒂芬森的作品《雪崩》的启发，构建了虚拟世界“第二人生”。故选D项。
2．A　细节理解题。根据第五段的内容可知，斯蒂芬森认为虚拟世界“第二人生”和他的设想很吻合，故他对此感到很满意。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What does Connie Willis mean in the last paragraph
A．Sci fi writers are much wiser than inventors.
B．Most inventors do not respect sci fi writers.
C．People can easily get excited about the inventions.
D．Sci fi can help inventors to think more carefully.
4．In which section of a newspaper may this text appear
A．Book review. B．Economy.
C．Technology. D．Psychology.
3．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中康妮·威利斯所说的话可知，科幻作品的作者会告诉发明家让他们更仔细地研究现在正在发生的事情，即科幻作品可以帮助发明家更认真地思考。故选D项。
4．C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的For more than a century, inventors have been driven to create what sci fi writers have imagined long before.以及文章内容可知，本文主要介绍了科幻作品与科技进步之间的关系，由此推测文章可能出现在报纸的科技版面。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Writing a great science fiction novel is a long, hard process. As with any novel, you'll want to construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose. __1__
Remember that science fiction is about ideas. Different from other genres (体裁), a good science fiction story depends on a great imagination. __2__ In sci fi, those questions can be implicit (含蓄的) or explicit. For example, many early sci fi works make their questions obvious. In War of the Worlds, the question is: What would happen to human society if it were invaded by technologically advanced aliens
__3__ It’s one thing to have a great idea or situation, but that doesn’t mean you have a story. While science fiction novels are often thought to be experiments, they also can’t just be experiments. That means you’re going to have to come up with an appealing story that brings these questions to life. Ask yourself: What is the change that will occur over the course of your story, either in the world or in the life of the main character
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Create an interesting world. __4__ The intricately (错综复杂地) imagined details that make up your world should flow in some way from the idea at the heart of your story. In that way, the world you create in your sci fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world. Even the most fantastically imagined story is still a reflection of real world questions and problems.
Make sure the rules of your world are consistent. One of the qualities that set sci fi novels apart from fantasies and surrealism (超现实主义) is that no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys an internally consistent logic. __5__ But it must be understandable in order for it to feel believable to the reader.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
A．Focus on character development.
B．Make sure you’re telling a good story.
C．That said, writing science fiction requires many unique considerations.
D．That logic will necessarily be different from the logic that governs reality.
E．Before you start writing, have some sense of the question your novel is asking.
F．World building is one of the most important parts of creating a compelling sci fi story.
G．Sci fi novels set in a technologically backward world would violate the rules of the reality.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了在科幻小说的创作中需要考虑的几个独特的因素。
答案及解析
3．B　该空位于段首，应是该段的主题句。该段是说明科幻小说要有吸引人的故事情节。根据下文It’s one thing to have a great idea or situation, but that doesn't mean you have a story.可知，有了好的想法和故事背景并不意味着有好的故事；B项中telling a good story与下文中的have a story以及 come up with an appealing story 相呼应。故选B项。
2．E　根据下文In sci fi, those questions can be implicit or explicit.可知，在科幻小说中，这些问题可以是含蓄的，也可以是被明确表达的。其中those questions与E项中的the question your novel is asking相呼应；下文举例说明科幻小说《世界之战》提出的问题。故选E项。
1．C　根据空前的construct a satisfying plot, develop interesting characters, and write polished, vivid prose可知，写科幻小说和写其他任何小说一样，你都想要构建令人满意的情节，描绘有趣的人物，并写出优美、生动的文字。C项中的That said引出进一步解释，requires many unique considerations是对上一句的补充说明，同时表明下文与在写科幻小说时要考虑的几个因素有关。C项承上启下。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
答案及解析
5．D　根据上文no matter how strange or fantastic the world is, it still obeys an internally consistent logic可知，无论你构建的世界多么奇怪或荒诞，它仍然遵循内在一致的逻辑；D项中That logic是承接上一句中的an internally consistent logic。故选D项。
4．F　该段主题句是Create an interesting world.，而F项中的World building与主题句相呼应；下文中的the world you create in your sci fi novel also reveals something about your point of view on the real world说明科幻小说中创造出来的世界反映了你对现实世界的看法。F项符合该段的主题。故选F项。
Period Ⅱ Learning About Language & Using Language
02
1．We drove along a ________ (mud) track winding along the river.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
muddy
句意为：我们沿着河边一条蜿蜒泥泞的小路驱车前行。设空处作定语，应用形容词。故填muddy。
2．The ongoing ________ (divide) between English speaking Canadians and French speaking Canadians is a major concern of the country.
division
句意为：讲英语的加拿大人和讲法语的加拿大人之间的分歧一直存在，这是这个国家关心的一个主要问题。设空处作主语，且其前有定冠词The和形容词ongoing修饰，所以应用名词，由is可知应用名词单数形式。故填division。
解析
解析
3．An expert predicted half of the world’s current jobs would be taken ________ by AI within 15 years.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：一位专家预测人工智能将在15年内代替全世界一半现有的工作。take over 为固定搭配，意为“取而代之”。
4．The results of the new research would seem to conflict ________ existing theories.
句意为：新研究的结果似乎与现有的理论冲突。conflict with为固定搭配，意为“与……冲突/相矛盾”。
over
with
解析
解析
5．It’s certainly clear that many animals’ sense of smell is far superior ________ humans’.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
to
句意为：很明显，许多动物的嗅觉远比人类的(嗅觉)灵敏。be superior to… 意为“比……更好/更胜一筹”。
6．Whenever I have an urge________ (play) computer games, I would think of my goal and regain my strength to study immediately.
to apply
句意为：每当我有玩电脑游戏的冲动时，我就会想到我的目标，从而重新坚定我的意志，立即去学习。have an urge to do sth意为“渴望做某事；有做某事的冲动”。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．The party we had been looking forward to ________ (turn) out to be a great disappointment.
句意为：我们一直期待的聚会结果使我们大失所望。本题容易错把turn理解为介词to的宾语，we had been looking forward to 是定语从句，修饰先行词party。所以turn作主句的谓语，从句表示“过去的过去”，主句应用一般过去时。故填 turned。
turned
8．Not only should the technique and equipment __________ (fetch) in, but also the management.
be fetched
句意为：该引进的不仅仅是技术和设备，还有管理模式。设空处是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，所以应用被动语态；not only位于句首引起部分倒装，should 提前，所以此处应填be fetched。
解析
解析
9．It is reported that yesterday the device ___________ (explode) by experts under controlled conditions.
was exploded
10．He is so organised that he is likely ___________ (elect) President of the Students’ Union.
to be elected
句意为：据报道，这个装置昨日由专家在受控条件下引爆。此处是从句谓语动词，与从句主语是被动关系，由yesterday可知此处表示发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。
句意为：他很有条理，因此他很有可能被选为学生会主席。be likely to do sth为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，elect与he之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态，故填to be elected。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
体裁：议论文 题材：科学与技术
[湖南长沙明德中学2022高二期中]
Artificial intelligence (AI) is 1________branch of computer science that aims 2________ (create) intelligent machines. It is the development of computers since the 1940s that has made the dream of AI a reality. Since the field of AI was3________ (official) founded in the mid 1950s, people have been predicting the rise of intelligent machines.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．a　句意为：人工智能是计算机科学的一个分支，力求创造智能机器。branch为可数名词，此处泛指“一个分支”，所以用不定冠词。branch的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
2．to create　句意见上一题解析。aim to do sth为固定用法，意为“力求做某事”。故填to create。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文，文章主要论述了人工智能的发展以及人们对人工智能的担忧。
答案及解析
3．officially　句意为：自人工智能领域于20世纪50年代中期正式成立以来，人们一直在预测智能机器的崛起。设空处修饰动词，应用副词形式。故填officially。
However, AI technology developed very slowly for a long time. Not until 1997, 4________ Deep Blue defeated the world chess champion, did AI make a major breakthrough.In 2017, Ke Jie, arguably the best human Go player, 5________ (beat) by a computer program named AlphaGo, marking a significant advance in deep learning AI systems.
AI is currently being applied in many fields, 6________ (transform) the way we live. Apparently, we are at a turning point in history.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．was beaten　句意为：柯洁可以说是人类最优秀的围棋选手，2017年，他被名为阿尔法围棋的计算机程序击败，标志着深度学习型人工智能系统的重大进步。根据时间状语In 2017可知，此处应用一般过去时。主语Ke Jie与beat之间为被动关系，表示“被打败”，所以用被动语态，Ke Jie为第三人称单数，故填was beaten。
6．transforming　句意为：人工智能目前正被应用于许多领域，改变着我们的生活方式。本句的句子主干为被动结构，设空处应用非谓语形式；此处表示自然而然的结果，
所以用现在分词作结果状语。故填transforming。
4．when　句意为：直到1997年，“深蓝”打败了国际象棋世界冠军，人工智能才取得了重大突破。分析句子结构可知，本句为时间状语Not until 1997提前至句首的倒装句。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为1997，关系词在从句中作时间状语，所以用关系副词when引导该从句。
答案及解析
Although intelligent robots will be working to 7________ (we) advantage someday in the future, these undoubted benefits also bring concerns and fears. Where will all this lead Will we fall victim 8________ AI Stephen Hawking warned, “The development of full artificial intelligence could spell the end of the human race.” Such 9________ (warning) deserve our attention.Indeed, it is fantastic to allow a robot to do all the work for us, 10________ we shouldn’t be too greedy, but rather be careful about what we wish for.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
7．our　句意为：虽然智能机器人在未来的某一天会对我们有利，但这些毋庸置疑的好处也带来了担忧和恐惧。设空处修饰名词advantage，应用形容词性物主代词。故填our。work to one's advantage为固定用法，意为“对某人有利”。
10．but/yet　句意为：确实，让机器人为我们做所有的工作是很棒的，但我们不应该太贪婪，而应该小心我们的愿望。前后句之间为转折关系，所以用表示转折关系的连词but/yet。
答案及解析
8．to　句意为：我们会成为人工智能的受害者吗？ fall victim to为固定搭配，意为“成为……的牺牲品/受害者”。故填to。
9．warnings　句意为：这样的警告值得我们注意。warning在此为可数名词，其前无冠词修饰，根据谓语动词可知，此处表示不止一个，所以用复数形式。故填warnings。
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
[广东东莞2022高二期末]Robots can be programmed to move a car and even perform some operations. However, when it comes to picking up something that they have not touched before, such as an egg, they often fail. Now, engineers have invented an artificial fingertip (指尖) which overcomes that limitation. It enables machines to sense objects as a human fingertip does.
Engineers have been working hard to make robots flexible and sensitive. When researchers from a university began designing an artificial fingertip in 2009, they used human skin as a guide.Their first fingertip was about the size of a Coke can. By 2018, 3D printing made it about the size of an adult’s big toe, with the multi layered structure like human skin. The latest breakthrough is called TacTip. Scientists include artificial nerve networks into the fingertip, which enables a robot to quickly process what it’s sensing and react accordingly like a real finger.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
“A lot of our sense of touch is decided by our skin,” says Professor Benjamin, leader of the research team. In our fingertips, nerve endings will deform when the skin touches an object and then sends the signals to the brain about what’s happening. Similarly, the nerve networks of TacTip pick up and translate those signals into the fingertip’s actions, telling robots to handle objects of all shapes and sizes without programming, according to Benjamin.
Some scientists doubt whether TacTip is only just skin like. The signals from the artificial and human fingertips are not quite the same, as the signals in real skin are more intense. Other scientists think highly of this breakthrough. “At least it helps clarify how human touch works and is a necessary step to improve robotic touch,” says Professor Smith, a material scientist.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
1．Why does the writer mention “an egg” in Paragraph 1
A．To find a solution for engineers.
B．To show robots have limitations.
C．To tell how robots sense objects.
D．To explain why robots often fail.
2．Which of the following plays the most important role in the latest breakthrough
A．Artificial nerve networks. 　　B．3D printing.
C．Multi layered structure. 　　　D．Human skin.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍科学家打造出能让机器人拥有近乎人类触感的人工指尖。
1．B　推理判断题。根据第一段中的However, when it comes to picking up something that they have not touched before, such as an egg, they often fail.可知，作者提到鸡蛋是为了举例说明机器人无法将之前没有触碰过的东西拿起，这属于机器人的局限。故选B项。
2．A　细节理解题。由文章第二段中的The latest breakthrough is called TacTip.Scientists include artificial nerve networks into the fingertip… 可知，最新的突破是科学家将人工神经网络植入指尖。故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
3．What does the underlined word “deform” mean in Paragraph 3
A．Develop. 　　　B．Stop working.
C．Decrease. 　　　D．Change shapes.
答案及解析
3．D　词义猜测题。由画线词后面的when the skin touches an object and then sends the signals to the brain about what’s happening可知，当我们的皮肤一接触物体，就会有信号传到大脑；再根据下文中的Similarly可知，TacTip的神经网络系统与人的皮肤神经作用原理类似，这种人工神经网络系统会通过信号将所触碰物品的形状、大小都传递给机器人。由此可推知，画线处所在句应该是表示人类指尖的神经末梢在触摸到物品之后，发生“变形”，将相关的信号传递给大脑。deform是“(使)变形”的意思，故选D项。
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．TacTip Changes How Touch Works in Humans
B．Robots Have Become More Flexible and Sensitive
C．Artificial Fingertips Allow Robots Human Like Touch
D．Engineers Have Achieved a Breakthrough in 3D Printing
答案及解析
4．C　主旨大意题。由文章第一段中的Now, engineers have invented an artificial fingertip which overcomes that limitation.It enables machines to sense objects as a human fingertip does.并结合下文可知，文章主要讲科学家通过研究发明，使机器人拥有近乎人类触感的人工指尖。所以C项(人工指尖使机器人拥有人类般的触感)最适合做本文的标题。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
[浙江绍兴诸暨中学2022高二期中]If you could travel in time, where would you go Perhaps you would watch an original performance of a Shakespeare’s play in Elizabethan England. What about hanging out with Laozi in the Spring and Autumn Period Or maybe you’d voyage far ahead of the present day to see what the future holds.
The possibility of time travel is indeed appealing. Stories exploring the subject have been around for hundreds of years.Perhaps the best known example is science fiction The Time Machine, which was written by H. G. Wells and published in 1895 for the first time. It was adapted for at least two feature films of the same name, as well as two television versions, and a large number of comic book adaptations.The term “time machine”, invented by Wells, is now universally used to refer to a vehicle transporting people into the far future.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
But could time travel actually be possible Some scientists say yes, in theory. They propose using cracks in time and space called “wormholes”, which could be used as shortcuts to other periods. Einstein’s theory of relativity allows time travel in extreme circumstances. And British theoretical physicist Stephen Hawking says you could travel into the future with a really fast spaceship—going at nearly the speed of light.
Even if you could travel into the past, there is something called the “grandfather paradox”. It asks what would happen if a time traveller were to go back in time and have his own grandfather killed for some reason, and therefore prevent himself from being born. If the time traveller wasn’t born, how would he travel back in time
And would you really like to visit the future In H. G. Wells’ book, the main character travels into distant time. He arrives at a beach where he is attacked by giant crabs.He then voyages 30 million years into the future where the only living thing is a black object with tentacles (触角). If that’s what’s in store, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．Why is the novel The Time Machine mentioned in Paragraph 2
A．To praise the contribution of H.G.Wells.
B．To state the story’s different features.
C．To prove the long history of time travel.
D．To show people’s interest in time travel.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。人类一直对时间旅行很感兴趣，从理论上来说，时间旅行在特殊条件下是有可能实现的；但是，从另一个角度而言，时间旅行未必是好事。
1．D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的The possibility of time travel is indeed appealing.可知，第二段论述了时间旅行这个话题对人们具有吸引力，故可推断在第二段中提到这部著名的小说就是想举例说明人们对时间旅行的兴趣。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
2．What can we know about Einstein’s and Hawking’s theories
A．They pushed the invention of the first spaceship.
B．There is the possibility of inventing the time machine.
C．They have been proved wrong by some time travellers.
D．There are differences in many ways between them.
答案及解析
2．B　细节理解题。根据第三段中的But could time travel actually be possible Some scientists say yes, in theory.和最后两句可知，爱因斯坦和霍金的理论表明在理论上我们有可能发明时间机器。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What does the “grandfather paradox” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．The traveller is prevented from meeting his grandfather.
B．The traveller goes back in time to seek for his grandfather.
C．The grandfather’s death will make the traveller's birth impossible.
D．The meeting between the traveller and his grandfather will change the history development.
3．C　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知， “祖父悖论”指的是如果时间旅行者回到过去，而其祖父死亡了，那么这个人就无法出生；如果这一点成立，这个人就是不存在的，那么他也无法回到现在。由此可知，“祖父悖论”指的是祖父去世会使时间旅行者无法出生。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
4．According to the last paragraph, what is probably the author’s attitude towards time travel
A．Negative. B．Unclear.
C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.
4．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容，尤其是最后一句If that’s what’s in store, maybe we are better just living in the present day after all.可知，H.G.威尔斯的书中描述了主人公穿梭到了未来，受到了巨型蟹的攻击；再次穿越后遇到的唯一的物种就是长着触角的黑色物体。因此作者认为，如果这就是未来的模样，那我们还是生活在现在更好。由此可推断出作者对时间旅行的态度是否定的，即Negative，故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
[山东济南一中2022高二期中]For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible. Trujillo, however, is an aerospace __1__ who leads a team at the NASA laboratory __2__ for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover (火星探测器).
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to__3__ exploring it That's a tale of__4__ written in the stars.
1．A．astronaut B．pilot
C．engineer D．guide
2．A．eager B．responsible
C．concerned D．grateful
3．A．actually B．hardly
C．accurately D．repeatedly
4．A．innovation B．kindness
C．passion D．sympathy
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
Born in 1983, even as a young girl Trujillo was__5__ of her passion for science. But she doubted how far she'd be able to__6__ in a male dominated field. Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time, she__7__ the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping__8__ to put herself through Miami Dade College. Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her__9__.But she didn’t__10__. “I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
5．A．certain B．approved
C．afraid D．fond
6．A．respond B．rise
C．invest D．apply
7．A．made up B．turned up
C．picked up D．took up
8．A．measures B．activities
C．jobs D．courses
9．A．studies B．purchases
C．recreations D．trips
10．A．clarify B．fear
C．perceive D．complain
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
Then came another life changing moment. She became the first Hispanic (西班牙语国家的) woman to be __11__ to the NASA Academy. Later, she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.
When the Perseverance rover __12__ on the surface of Mars, it was__13__ by commentary (解说) from Trujillo in NASA’s first ever Spanish language __14__.
Trujillo’s own story is__15__ that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
11．A．applied B．admitted
C．assigned D．introduced
12．A．originated B．generated
C．landed D．waited
13．A．accompanied B．distracted
C．estimated D．occupied
14．A．theory B．broadcast
C．comment D．performance
15．A．career B．information
C．competence D．proof
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了特鲁希略作为一位对科学饱含热情的女性，靠着努力和毅力一步步成为美国国家航空航天局的工程师的故事。
1．C　根据第五段中的Later, she became an engineer at NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center.可知，特鲁希略是美国国家航空航天局的航空工程师。此处为原词复现。故选C项。
2．B　根据上文Trujillo, however, is an aerospace ________ who leads a team at the NASA laboratory可知，特鲁希略的团队负责最新火星探测器的机械臂。故选B项。
3．A　根据空前的go from simply dreaming about the universe和下文内容可知，探索宇宙是特鲁希略的梦想，而她现在是航空工程师，开始真正地进行宇宙探索。actually表示“真实地；实际上”。故选A项。
4．C　根据文章开头可知，对于一个女孩来说，要进入美国国家航空航天局工作是非常难的一件事，而这位女孩做到了。且下文提及了her passion for science, 所以此处表达她的整个经历是个关于热爱的故事。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
5．A　结合此句中的even和下句中的But与doubted推测，此处表示甚至在她还很小的时候，就确定了对科学的喜爱。故选A项。
6．B　根据空后in a male dominated field可知，特鲁希略不确定的是，在这样一个男性主导的领域里，作为一名女性自己能走多远，地位能提高多少。故选B项。
7．D　空前提到她爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，下文提到她去迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D项。
8．C　根据to put herself through Miami Dade College可知，她给别人做家务活儿，也就是通过家务工作，挣钱让自己完成学业。故选C项。
9．A　根据前文中的put herself through Miami Dade College可知，特鲁希略通过打扫浴室来挣钱，帮助自己完成学业。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
10．D　由空后主人公说的话以及空前表示转折的连词But可知，她把遇到的一切都当作机会，所以尽管完成学业的过程不易，但是她不抱怨。故选D项。
11．B　根据空前的Then came another life changing moment.可知，既然是特鲁希略的人生转折点，那么可以推知她是被美国国家航空航天局学院录取了。故选B项。
12．C　根据空后的on the surface of Mars可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”探测器在火星表面着陆。故选C项。
13．A　根据空后的by commentary from Trujillo in NASA's first ever Spanish language ________可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”探测器着陆时，同时伴随着特鲁希略的西班牙语解说。故选A项。
14．B　根据语境并结合选项可知，此处表示特鲁希略在广播中用西班牙语解说。
15．D　根据空后提到的越过障碍，有一个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何愿意努力工作去完成壮举的人可知，上文讲述的特鲁希略的故事就是一种证据，证明了该观点。故选D项。
　单元限时作业
03
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
[湖北宜昌一中、荆州中学、龙泉中学2022高二联考]In 2019, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 55 million people in the US are “gig workers”, which account for more than 35% of the US workforce. That number would be projected to jump to 43% by 2020.
People are drawn to gig work (零工) because it brings in a little extra income without a major time commitment. And recent technologies like Skype, Slack, and Dropbox have made the gig life a reality, giving you maximum freedom, an ideal work life balance, and the chance to pursue your passions.
If you’re thinking of joining the gig economy, it’s never been easier. One of the greatest things about the gig economy is that you don’t have a boss breathing down your neck. As a freelancer, you no longer have to cater to a company culture or a work schedule that might cause physical or emotional stress. Instead, you get to choose the type of work you do and the people you work with. But this degree of freedom requires a corresponding amount of discipline. With no boss to make sure you're on a task, it’s all up to you.
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
A lot of gig workers start their careers by hopping on a project because the employer is desperate and in need of help. For the employers, it’s tough to take on people for higher management positions when the pool of talent is full of gig workers who haven’t been given an opportunity to improve their skills. Businesses have to evolve to learn how to adapt to an influx (涌入) of temporary workers. It is harder for gig workers to become skilled and get promoted.
The workforce is becoming more advanced and educated. You have to keep learning and keep up with industry trends to maintain a competitive edge. This is true even for people in traditional office settings, but it’s critical if you’re your own boss.
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
1．What made the gig life a reality
A．The greater work life balance. B．New technologies.
C．A little extra money. D．Maximum freedom.
2．What does the underlined phrase “breathing down your neck” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Making you unable to breathe freely.
B．Standing very close behind you.
C．Threatening you by saying something.
D．Monitoring you closely.
2．D　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容，尤其是该段最后一句With no boss to make sure you’re on a task, it's all up to you.可知，没有老板督促你完成任务，一切都在于你自己。由此可推知，第三段中的画线短语breathing down your neck意为“密切监视你”。故选D项。
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了零工经济，并分析了其优势和劣势。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的recent technologies like Skype, Slack, and Dropbox have made the gig life a reality可知，是新的技术使零工生活成为现实的。故选B项。
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
3．What can we infer from the last but one paragraph
A．Employers should invest resources in training the temporary workers.
B．Gig workers start their jobs out of passion.
C．It's hard for employers to employ people for higher positions.
D．It’s hard for gig workers to develop skills.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Gig Economy
B．The Challenges of the Gig Economy
C．The Increase in the Gig Economy
D．The Reason for the Gig Economy
3．A　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句可知，许多人开始做零工是因为某些项目急需人手；根据第二句和第三句可知，从雇主的角度来说，当人才库中满是不曾有机会提高个人技能的零工人员时，雇主便很难招到有能力担任更高管理职位的人才，因此企业需要不断发展，以应对涌入劳动市场的零工从业者。由此可推知，雇主应投入资源培训临时工，让他们得到提高自身技能的机会，形成招聘和就业的良性循环。故选A项。
答案及解析
4．A　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段第二句One of the greatest things about the gig economy is that you don't have a boss breathing down your neck.和倒数第二段最后一句It is harder for gig workers to become skilled and get promoted.
可知，本文介绍了零工经济的优势和劣势。
故选A项。
单元限时作业
刷7选5
At some point in the near future, self driving cars may become common on the road.Self driving cars have already been test driven, but they are not yet available to the public.
Self driving cars have already been test driven thousands of miles.__1__ Passengers could do things such as eating or reading on the way.Best of all, the self driving cars that were tested experienced fewer accidents than average human drivers.
__2__ There are issues that must be solved before self driving cars can be made available to the public.One problem is that a car cannot predict problems far down the road like a driver can.__3__ For example, a driver can see that a child is riding her skateboard directly across the road 0.3 km away and start to slow down.A self driving car can react only once the child is in its immediate path.
单元限时作业
刷7选5
__4__ They may become confused by fog, heavy rain, or road spray from another vehicle's wheels.They don’t predict or “feel” that the roads have become icy like an experienced driver would.For instance, when a road is icy, a human driver would step on the brakes (刹车) more gently than when the roads are clean and dry.
Another issue is that self driving cars have maps programmed into their memory, but these maps aren’t always updated and accurate.__5__ Because of this, there is no promise that a self driving car can get a passenger to his or her destination.Perhaps one day, self driving cars will be everywhere. However, we are not ready for that just yet.
单元限时作业
刷7选5
A．Self driving cars have disadvantages.
B．These cars had only passengers, no drivers.
C．The safety problems have already been addressed.
D．New roads are built, and old roads are closed down.
E．So why aren’t self driving cars common on the road today
F．Self driving cars can react to things only once they actually occur.
G．Self driving vehicles also have difficulty adjusting to weather conditions.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
单元限时作业
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了无人驾驶汽车未能被推广应用的原因。
1．B　上文Self driving cars have already been test driven介绍无人驾驶汽车已经开始试驾；下文Passengers could do things such as eating or reading on the way.是对试驾的具体描述。B项“这些汽车里只有乘客，没有司机”承上启下，和下文一起进一步说明试驾情况。B项中的These cars指的是上文中的Self driving cars，passengers与下文中的Passengers相呼应，符合语境。故选B项。
2．E　下文There are issues that must be solved before self driving cars can be made available to the public.说明无人驾驶汽车还有些问题，必须解决后才能投入使用。E项“那么为什么无人驾驶汽车如今在路上不常见呢？”引出下文的回答，符合语境。故选E项。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷7选5
3．F　上文One problem is that a car cannot predict problems far down the road like a driver can.说明汽车不能预测很远的路程中会出现的问题；F项“无人驾驶汽车只有在事情真正发生时才会作出反应”承接上文，进一步解释上文。下文For example, a driver can see that a child is riding her skateboard directly across the road 0.3 km away and start to slow down.A self driving car can react only once the child is in its immediate path.是对上文的举例说明。故选F项。
4．G　下文They may become confused by fog, heavy rain, or road spray from another vehicle’s wheels.说明它们(无人驾驶汽车)可能会被天气等因素所困扰；G项“无人驾驶汽车在适应天气情况方面也有困难”引出下文，下文是对G项的具体说明。G项中的weather conditions和下文中的fog, heavy rain相呼应。故选G项。
5．D　上文Another issue is that self driving cars have maps programmed into their memory, but these maps aren’t always updated and accurate.说明无人驾驶汽车内设的地图不一定准确，D项“新的道路被修建，而旧的道路被关闭”承接上文，是对上文的解释，说明道路在不断地变化，而地图不能及时更新，符合语境。故选D项。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
[全国新高考Ⅰ2022]My husband, our children and I have had wonderful camping experiences over the past ten years.
Some of our __1__ are funny, especially from the early years when our children were little. Once, we __2__ along Chalk Creek. I was __3__ that our 15 month old boy would fall into the creek (小溪). I tied a rope around his waist to keep him near to our spot. That lasted about ten minutes. He was __4__, and his crying let the whole campground know it. So __5__ tying him up, I just kept a close eye on him. It __6__—he didn’t end up in the creek. My three year old, however, did.
1．A．ideas B．jokes
C．memories D．discoveries
2．A．camped B．drove
C．walked D．cycled
3．A．annoyed B．surprised
C．disappointed D．worried
4．A．unhurt B．unfortunate
C．uncomfortable D．unafraid
5．A．due to B．instead of
C．apart from D．as for
6．A．worked B．happened
C．mattered D．changed
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
Another time, we rented a boat in Vallecito Lake. The sky was clear when we __7__， but storms move in fast in the mountains, and this one quickly __8__ our peaceful morning trip. The __9__ picked up and thunder rolled. My husband stopped fishing to __10__ the motor. Nothing. He tried again. No __11__.
7．A．signed up B．calmed down
C．checked out D．headed off
8．A．arranged B．interrupted
C．completed D．recorded
9．A．wind B．noise
C．temperature D．speed
10．A．find B．hide
C．start D．fix
11．A．luck B．answer
C．wonder D．signal
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor. As we all sat there __12__, a fisherman pulled up, threw us a rope and towed (拖) us back. We were __13__.
Now, every year when my husband pulls our camper out of the garage, we are filled with a sense of __14__, wondering what camping fun and __15__ we will experience next.
12．A．patiently B．tirelessly
C．doubtfully D．helplessly
13．A．sorry B．brave
C．safe　 D．right
14．A．relief B．duty
C．pride D．excitement
15．A．failure B．adventure
C．performance D．conflict
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】作者一家非常喜欢露营。在过去的十年中，他们有许多关于露营的美好回忆。虽然露营的过程中也会伴随冒险的经历，但一家人仍对露营充满热情和期待。
1．C　根据上文的camping experiences和下文的from the early years可知，作者觉得一些(关于露营的)回忆非常有趣。memory意为“回忆，记忆”，符合语境。idea意为“想法，主意”；joke意为“笑话”；discovery意为“发现”。
2．A　根据上文的camping experiences和下文的the whole campground可知，此处讲述的是一家人露营的经历。camp意为“露营，野营”，符合语境。drive意为“驾驶，开车”；walk意为“行走，散步”；cycle意为“骑自行车”。
3．D　根据下文的our 15 month old boy would fall into the creek及I tied a rope around his waist可知，作者担心15个月大的儿子会掉进小溪里，便在他腰间系了根绳子。worried意为“担心的”，符合语境。annoyed意为“生气的，恼火的”；surprised意为“惊讶的”；disappointed意为“失望的”。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
4．C　根据下文的his crying let the whole campground know it并结合常识可知，把绳子拴在孩子的腰上，孩子应该会感觉不舒服。uncomfortable意为“不舒服的”，符合语境。unhurt意为“未受伤的”；unfortunate意为“不幸的”；unafraid意为“不害怕的”。
5．B　根据下文的I just kept a close eye on him可知，作者不再将绳子拴在孩子腰上，而是密切关注着他的一举一动。instead of意为“代替，而不是”，符合语境。due to意为“由于，因为”；apart from意为“除了……外”；as for意为“关于，至于”。
6．A　根据下文的he didn’t end up in the creek可知，作者的这个办法奏效了，15个月大的儿子没有掉进小溪里。work意为“奏效，起作用”，符合语境。happen意为“发生”；matter意为“要紧”；change意为“改变”。
7．D　根据下文的but storms move in fast in the mountains中的but表示转折可知，作者一家人出发时，天空是晴朗的。head off意为“离开(某地去别处)”，符合语境。sign up意为“报名”；calm down意为“平静下来，镇定下来”；check out意为“核实；结账退房”。
【知识拓展】head off的其他含义
(1)拦截；拦挡。如：He changed direction swiftly, turned into the hallway and headed her off. 他迅速改变方向，拐进走廊拦住了她。(2)阻止，防止(尤指不愉快的事发生)。如：He would ask the government to intervene
and head off a strike. 他将要求政府进行干预，防止发生罢工。
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
8．B　根据上文的storms move in fast in the mountains可知，作者一家人美好的清晨之旅因暴风雨而被迫中断。interrupt意为“使中断”，符合语境。arrange意为“安排”；complete意为“完成”；record意为“记录”。
9．A　根据上文的storms move in fast并结合常识可知，暴风雨来临之际应是风起雷鸣。pick up在此处意为“增强”。wind意为“风”，符合语境。noise意为“噪声”；temperature意为“气温”；speed意为“速度”。
【方法总结】根据常识并运用排除法解题
在做完形填空题时，如果文中没有明确的信息依据或线索，可根据生活常识对选项进行比较和排除。比如本题，根据常识可知，暴风雨来临时应是会出现刮大风的情况。
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
10．C　根据语境和常识可知，作者的丈夫一看天气突变，应是立刻停止钓鱼去启动(船的)发动机。start意为“发动，启动”，符合语境。find意为“发现”；hide意为“隐藏”；fix意为“修理”。
11．A　根据下文We were stuck in the middle of the lake with a dead motor.可知，船的发动机停止运转了，作者一家被困在湖中央，所以此处表示运气不佳。luck意为“好运”，符合语境。answer意为“答复，回答”；wonder意为“惊讶，惊奇”；signal意为“信号”。
12．D　根据上文We were stuck in the middle of the lake可知，作者一家在暴风雨来临时被困在湖中央，当时一定感到非常无助。helplessly意为“无助地”，符合语境。patiently意为“耐心地”；tirelessly意为“不知疲倦地”；doubtfully意为“怀疑地”。
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
13．C　根据上文内容可知，一个渔民出现了，他扔给作者一家一根绳子，把他们拖了回来，所以此处指作者一家摆脱了困境，转危为安。safe意为“安全的”，符合语境。sorry意为“遗憾的”；brave意为“勇敢的”；right意为“正确的”。
14．D　根据上文出现的wonderful camping experiences和下文的wondering what camping fun可知，作者一家对露营满怀激动和兴奋。excitement意为“兴奋”，符合语境。relief意为“欣慰”；duty意为“责任，义务”；pride意为“自豪，骄傲”。
15．B　根据上文描述的作者一家被暴风雨困住的经历可知，作者一家的露营充满乐趣，同时也不乏一些冒险的经历。adventure意为“冒险经历”，符合语境。failure意为“失败”；performance意为“表演；表现”；conflict意为“矛盾，冲突”。
体裁：说明文　 题材：科普知识
[云南师大附中2022高二期中]When it comes to your brain, researchers have found there’s no better superfood than a book. According to the data 1________ (collect) by the Health and Retirement Study conducted by the University of Michigan, a 2________ (hope) pattern came out: People who read books for as little as 30 minutes a day over several years were living an average of two years 3________ (long) than people who didn’t read anything at all.
单元限时作业
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．collected　collect在此是非谓语动词作后置定语，与所修饰词data之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。故填collected。
2．hopeful　此处修饰名词pattern，应用形容词，此处表示“给人希望的”，故填hopeful。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。研究人员发现，对于大脑而言，没有比读书更好的超级食物了。数据表明常年坚持每天只读书30分钟的人比完全不读书的人平均多活两年。文章说明了阅读的好处，建议人们多阅读。
答案及解析
3．longer　根据后文than people who didn’t read anything at all可知，此处应填副词的比较级。故填longer。
Strange still, as science reminds us, reading books—especially fiction—4________ (force) your brain to think critically and make 5________ (connection) between one chapter and another, and even the outside world. Also, reading stories can lead to a noticeable increase in human interaction, 6________ in turn can lower stress levels.
But it doesn’t mean that magazines, newspapers and web articles are useless. Any reading material that fills your mind and enlarges your vocabulary seems 7________ (carry) mental benefits.
单元限时作业
刷语法填空
答案及解析
4．forces　主句主语为动名词短语reading books，根据从句中的reminds可知，此处应用一般现在时，故主句谓语动词应用一般现在时的第三人称单数形式。故填forces。
5．connections　设空处作make的宾语，应用名词，此处表示“联系”，为可数名词，前面没有冠词，应用复数形式。故填connections。
6．which　________ in turn can lower stress levels在此处为非限制性定语从句，修饰上文整个主句，且从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词which。故填which。
7．to carry　seem to do sth为固定短语，意为“似乎做某事”。故填to carry。
Therefore, whether you’re reading a page
turner 8________ simply scanning the instructions on your coffee maker, many parts of your brain 9________ (involve) in positive thinking. Still not inspired to give 10________ a try
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8．or　whether… or引导让步状语从句，表示“无论是……还是”，表示提供的两种选择都适用于主句所提到的结果。故填or。
9．are involved　句意为：因此，无论你是在翻看一本引人入胜的书，还是只是简单地浏览一下咖啡机的使用说明，你大脑的许多部分都在积极思考。此处作主句谓语，短语be involved in意为“参与”，且此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语的中心语为many parts，故谓语动词用复数形式。故填are involved。
10．it　句意为：还是不想尝试一下吗？此处为短语give it a try，表示“试一试”。
答案及解析
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阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
A Dream About the Future
People were busy in their own laboratories on Mars.Turtex told me, “Let us go to the Earth to have a cup of coffee.”
I laughed at such a childish joke and I also jokingly asked him, “Is there no coffee shop on Mars ”
He replied, “It has but they can’t prepare coffee as tasty as that on the Earth.”
However, for a while I thought it would be better to take a cup of tasty coffee from Ramu’s Coffee Shop located at our village, Kushmandi.
Turtex told me to enter a room near his laboratory. We entered there and found that the room was internally coated with some materials like sponge.Turtex closed the door of the room with a clap. I saw some colourful buttons inside the room. After a few seconds I heard another clap and noticed that the door opened.
Turtex said, “Come with me.”
I asked, “Where ”
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He replied, “Now we are at Kushmandi.”
I shouted, “What ”
We came out of the room and I astonishingly viewed the skyscrapers around me.Turtex said loudly, “What’s wrong with you Come with me.”
Eventually we entered a coffee club designed like a five star restaurant. Suddenly I noticed a display board with electronic text on, “Welcome to Kushmandi. Now you are in famous Ramu's Coffee Shop. Enjoy the taste of the best coffee on the Earth.”
Suddenly many hazy and crazy questions came to my mind.
“What was the nearby room of the lab How was it possible to travel an enormous distance from Mars to the Earth Is it like opening my favourite TV channel with a remote How did the poor coffee stall of our village turn into a five star coffee club In which century were we ”
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注意：续写词数应为150左右。
Thinking such hazy things, I followed Turtex into the coffee club. ______________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
The waiter brought us two cups of coffee and left. ___________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
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【写作提示】
1．材料导读
本文讲述了作者和朋友Turtex在火星上忽然想要喝到地球上家乡的咖啡，他们通过Turtex的特殊房间回到地球，发现家乡的咖啡摊位已经变成了五星级咖啡俱乐部。作者对那个房间以及如何回到地球等充满了疑问。
2．续写分析
(1)由第一段首句内容“想着这些模糊的事情，我跟着Turtex走进了咖啡俱乐部。”可知，第一段可描写作者在咖啡俱乐部等待享用咖啡的过程。
(2)由第二段首句内容“服务员给我们端来两杯咖啡就走了。”可知，第二段可描写作者正要享用咖啡，却梦醒发现自己身在医院。
续写线索：等待——渴望——梦醒——发现——惊讶
3．提分词句
①表示等待：waiting to enjoy the best coffee/look forward to the best coffee/expect to have the best coffee
②表示梦醒：wake up/come to life
③表示发现：find/discover
④表示渴望：eager
⑤表示惊讶：surprised/astonished
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【参考范文】
Thinking such hazy things, I followed Turtex into the coffee club. The delicious smell of coffee rushed into my nose. Oh, my loveable tasty coffee. How eager I was to have a cup of it at once! “Come here,” Turtex said. Still absorbed in those hazy questions, I followed Turtex and sat beside a table, which was coated with strange materials, waiting to enjoy the best coffee on the Earth.
The waiter brought us two cups of coffee and left. Impatiently I took one and took a sip. “Oh my gosh.” It was so hot that it seemed that my mouth got burnt. But then I heard a hair cutting sound. I slowly opened my eyes and found that a nurse was cutting my hair and putting it into a tray beside my bed and telling me, “Nothing serious. It needs just two stitches on your forehead and you will be OK within a week.” I finally realised that it was our village hospital at Kushmandi that I was in, not at the coffee club.