人教版（2019） 选择性必修 第四册 Unit 3 Sea Exploration 课件 (共76张PPT)

(共76张PPT)
Unit 3　Sea Exploration
选择性必修
第四册
Period Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
01
1．We are thinking of having an ________ (extend) built, as we need an extra bedroom.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
extension
句意为：我们正在考虑扩建房屋，因为我们需要一间额外的卧室。冠词后面需要填写一个名词，故填extend的名词形式extension，意为“(建筑的)扩建部分”。
2．As a __________ (profession) scholar, she has achieved great popularity because of her creative designs and published works.[河南郑州2022高二期末·改编]
professional
句意为：作为一名专业学者，她因自己的创意设计和出版作品而广受欢迎。设空处修饰名词scholar，应用形容词，故填professional。
解析
解析
3．People are willing to tolerate time consuming security procedures ________ return for increased safety.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：为了确保更加安全，人们愿意忍受耗时的安检流程。in return for为固定搭配，意为“换取：作为……的回报”。
4．She negotiated ________ her new boss and accepted the position at last.
句意为：她与新老板交涉，最终接受了这个职位。negotiate with 意为“与……商谈；与……谈判”。故填with。
in
with
解析
解析
5．There were high expectations of her as she entered the Olympic Games. However, she withdrew ________ most events due to a medical condition.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
from
句意为：她参加奥运会时，人们对她的期望很高。然而由于疾病，她退出了大多数比赛项目。withdraw from… 为固定搭配，意为“退出……；不与他人交往”。故填from。
6．Your time should have been made full use of ________ (pass) the final exams, but to my regret, it wasn’t.
to pass
句意为：你本应该充分利用你的时间来通过期末考试，但令我遗憾的是，你没有这样做。设空处在此是非谓语动词作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to pass。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．Hard as it is________ (accept) that the scientist has passed away, his spirit will live on.
句意为：虽然很难接受这位科学家离世(这个事实)，但他的精神将一直留存下去。设空所在处为让步状语从句的倒装结构，此处考查句型 it is hard to do sth, 意为“做某事很难”，其中it为形式主语，不定式短语作真正的主语。故填to accept。
to accept
8．_______ (enjoy) the convenience of digital payment, many senior citizens started to use smartphones.
To enjoy
句意为：为了享受数字支付的便捷性，很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。此处用不定式表目的，故填To enjoy。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
9．With so many essays ________ (write), he won’t have time to go shopping this morning.
句意为：有这么多的论文要写，今天上午他没有时间去购物。分析句子结构可知，此处是with复合结构“with+宾语+宾补”，根据won't可知，此处表示即将发生的动作，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to write。
to write
10．________ recorded in a book, in ancient times, there lived a man named Huan Jing.
As
句意为：据一本书记载，在古代，有个叫桓景的人。as recorded意为“据记载”。故填As。
解析
解析
In 1519, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, Magellan sailed across the Atlantic to what is now Rio de Janeiro.
1．这本书吸引了所有年龄段的读者，并在父母和孩子之间建立了文学纽带。(establish)
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．1519年，麦哲伦率领5艘船，横渡大西洋，到达现在的里约热内卢。(with复合结构；command)
The book appeals to readers of all ages and ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
with five ships under his command
establishes a literary bond between parents and children
4．你有没有过匆忙接起电话，却被告知他们拨错电话的经历？(结果状语)
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
Have you ever rushed to get a cellphone, ________ ________ ________ ________ they’ve dialled the wrong number
only to be told
3．从科学的角度来看，迫切需要研究北极，以了解气候变化及其影响。(urgent)
From a scientific point of view, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ the Arctic in order to understand climate change and its effects.
there is an urgent need to study
5．有些人选择走出自己的舒适区，致力于为他人的利益而努力。
There are people who choose to step out of their comfort zone and commit themselves to working ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
the benefit of others
for
体裁：说明文　 题材：历史文化
It is trade and 1________ (curious) that have often formed the foundation of mankind’s greatest achievements. In ancient times, silk from China found 2________ (it) way overland to India, the Middle East and Rome in exchange for spices and glass, along 3________ became known as the Silk Road.During the Ming Dynasty, Zheng He led seven fleets and finally reached the east coast of Africa. Although the exploration 4________ (stop) after 1433, Zheng He’s voyages renewed the friendly relations between China and other countries in Asia and Africa.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．curiosity　此处为强调句，强调主语。设空处与trade并列作主语，应用名词。
2．its　find one’s way to意为“找到通往……的路”。
答案及解析
3．what　________ became known as the Silk Road在此是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，所以应用what。
4．stopped　stop在此是从句的谓语动词，且表示发生在过去的动作，所以时态应用一般过去时。故填stopped。
Today, people still have 5________ strong desire to reach out across the sea. In order to revive the ancient routes 6________ (travel) by Zheng He, China proposed an initiative in 2013.The initiative 7________ (call) the Belt and Road Initiative, whose aim is 8________ (encourage) cooperation and trade across the historic Silk Road areas, and 9________ (strength) the bonds between China and the rest of the world.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
8．to encourage　此处应用非谓语动词作表语，从句主语为aim，其后通常接不定式作表语。
7．is called　call 在此是谓语动词，与主语是被动关系，且本句陈述的是一般性事实，所以应用一般现在时的被动语态。
5．a　have a strong desire to do… 意为“有强烈的愿望做……”。
6．travelled　此处应用非谓语动词作定语，travel与所修饰词是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词。
答案及解析
9．strengthen　此处为并列结构，设空处为省略to的不定式作is的表语，应用动词原形。
In recent years, China has also been exploring the Arctic to understand climate change and its effects. 10________ the latest technology in hand, China will continue to reach out across the sea far into the future to trade and enhance relationships.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
10．With　此处是“with+名词+介词短语”的复合结构作状语。
答案及解析
体裁：说明文 题材：人物故事
[湖南湘东九校2022高二期末]Those who make great discoveries must often overcome many challenges along the way. Columbus was born in 1________ port city of Italy in 1451. As a teenager, he showed interest in sailing and geography, 2________ inspired him to begin his career.
Columbus insisted on 3________ (search) for a direct route to the East Indies by sailing across the Atlantic Ocean.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．a　句意为：哥伦布于1451年出生在意大利的一个港口城市。此处泛指“一个港口城市”，应用不定冠词，且port的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2．which　句意为：十几岁时，他就对航海和地理表现出了兴趣，这激励他开始了他的(航海)生涯。此处引导非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，指代前面的整句话，故填which。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了意大利航海家哥伦布发现新大陆的相关情况。
答案及解析
3．searching　句意为：哥伦布坚持通过横渡大西洋来寻找直达东印度群岛的航线。此处位于介词后，应用动名词作宾语。故填searching。
After continuous attempts, he received 4________ (finance) support from the King and Queen of Spain. On 3 August 1492, he 5________ (depart) with three ships carrying about 90 crewmen. The journey was full of challenges: They faced a shortage of food and one of the ships was leaking badly, which put them 6______ grave danger. Regardless of all the challenges, Columbus managed 7________ (keep) everyone out of danger with his knowledge and bravery.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
4．financial　句意为：经过不断的努力，他得到了西班牙国王和王后的财政支持。此处应用形容词修饰名词。finance的形容词形式是financial，意为“财政的”。故填financial。
5．departed　句意为：1492年8月3日，他带领3艘船出发，船上载有约90名船员。由上文的时间状语On 3 August 1492可知，此处应用一般过去时，故填departed。
6．in　句意为：这趟旅程充满了挑战：他们面临着食物短缺的问题并且其中一艘船严重漏水，这使他们处于极大的危险之中。固定搭配 put sb/sth in grave danger表示“使某人/某物处于极大的危险之中”。故填in。
答案及解析
7．to keep　句意为：哥伦布不顾所有的挑战，以他的知识和勇气设法使每个人都脱离了危险。短语
manage to do sth表示“设法做成”。故填to keep。
Finally, on 12 October, the crew spotted land. Columbus called the natives Indians because he 8________ (convince) that he arrived in the East Indies. 9________, the shores they had reached were of the Caribbean.
The major contribution of this great explorer is that he “discovered” the New World. His discovery inspired other 10________ (explorer) around the world. His voyages opened a new chapter of the Age of Exploration.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
9．However　句意为：然而，他们到达的海岸属于加勒比海地区。设空处位于句首，其与下文之间用逗号隔开，应用副词作状语；根据上下文句意可知此处表示转折。故填However。
8．was convinced　句意为：哥伦布称那里的土著人为印第安人，因为他确信他到达了东印度群岛。be convinced that… 表示“确信/相信……”，根据语境及设空处前后的called和arrived可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填was convinced。
10．explorers　句意为：他的发现鼓舞了世界各地的其他探险家。explorer为可数名词，空前有other修饰，应用名词的复数形式。故填explorers。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
[天津河东区2022高二期中]When I volunteered to spend a summer on a land based whale watching project in the West of Scotland, the project secretary warned me, “You have to be able to detect the whales from the shore—it's not as easy as you think.” Although I assumed I was well qualified for the job, at the start of the project I had a few embarrassing moments screaming “Whale!” before realising that what I was pointing out were only waves breaking over underwater rocks, not sea creatures at all! After a while, I trained my eyes to “see”—to distinguish between waves hitting rocks and the rolling movement of whales underwater.
I spent a lot of time just watching the sea through my binoculars, looking actively for anything that indicated sea life below.My binoculars enabled me to spot the fins of a dolphin against the darkness of the sea, and without a good pair of binoculars I definitely would have missed out on lots of amazing sea life.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
In addition, I eventually realised that the birds provide us with signals that whales and dolphins may be in the area.Where there is a group of feeding seabirds such as seagulls or gannets, there is often a whale feeding under them.Gannets are really easy to spot from a distance—they drop out of the sky at speeds of up to 100 kph, spearing the surface and sending bursts of water up behind them.
If you want to try this activity, it is worth organising and planning carefully for whale watching.I recommend having a notebook and pencil nearby to record details of what you’ve seen and the environmental conditions at the time.This is not only a helpful aid in general, but you can also contribute your sightings to research projects such as the Sea Watch Foundation, which are monitoring the distribution of whales and dolphins.
Despite the early disappointments I had, I think there is undoubtedly something very special about watching whales.Nothing can compare with the secret thrill and the peacefulness of seeing a wild animal just doing its own thing.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What did the author learn from the embarrassing moments
A．It was hard to carry out the project.
B．The project secretary was very strict.
C．Most whales were not afraid of humans. D．Whale watching was not as easy as expected.
2．What is the effective technique for finding whales according to the author
A．Noticing bursts of water.
B．Observing them from a distance.
C．Watching feeding seabirds.
D．Organising and planning carefully.
答案及解析
1．D　推理判断题。由第一段第一句话可知，项目秘书告诉作者这个任务不像想象的那么简单，再根据下文中的Although I assumed I was well qualified for the job, at the start of the project I had a few embarrassing moments… 可知，作者起初认为自己能够胜任这份工作，但刚开始还是发生了错将海浪认成鲸鱼的尴尬事件。作者认识到项目秘书所说的话是正确的，辨别鲸鱼并不像预期的那么容易。故选D项。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍了自己在苏格兰陆上观鲸项目做志愿者的经历，同时向读者介绍了观鲸时应注意的事项。
2．C　细节理解题。由第三段中的In addition, I eventually realised that the birds provide us with signals that whales and dolphins may be in the area.Where there is a group of feeding seabirds such as seagulls or gannets, there is often a whale
feeding under them.可知，观看觅食海鸟是寻找鲸鱼的
有效方法。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What did the author advise whale watchers to do
A．Record whale watching details.
B．Be careful when watching whales.
C．Watch whales from the shore only.
D．Seek help from the Sea Watch Foundation.
4．What would be the best title for the text
A．Pleasant Summer Memories
B．The Special Experience of Watching Whales
C．Useful Whale watching Advice
D．A Fantastic World Under the Water
3．A　细节理解题。由第四段中的I recommend having a notebook and pencil nearby to record details of what you’ve seen and the environmental conditions at the time.可知，作者建议鲸鱼观察者记录观看鲸鱼的详细信息。故选A项。
4．B　主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，本文作者介绍了自己的观鲸经历，虽然起初遇到了困难，但作者不断观察，找到了实用的方法；文章最后一句描述了作者观鲸的感受——兴奋而平静，因此推断B项“特别的观鲸经历”适合作为本文标题。故选B项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
It seems we can’t get off the planet fast enough.Two thirds of NASA’s money is spent on manned space exploration. We’ve seen all we can see on Earth, right Wrong. The final place is here, under the surface of the sea.
When we are heading down into the ocean, human limits are quickly reached.At a depth of 200 metres, the water is as black as a moonless night. Most nuclear submarines (核潜艇) would implode (内爆) before they reach 1 km down.At a depth of 3 km—still less than the average depth of the ocean—there’s a good chance that you’ll discover a new species.The deepest diving whales go no further. At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean. Twelve humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Challenger Deep with their own eyes.
Yet things live down there.Big things. A very loud sound was once heard and scientists suggested that it was produced by an animal bigger than a blue whale, the largest creature known on the planet.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
In the late 1990s, a deep water submarine was dropped in the Southern Ocean, and passing 4,000 metres, it discovered something huge passing under it. Surprised Don’t be. The ocean covers 71% of the planet’s surface and we've studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.
One reason that we explore space is to find evidence of other life forms.The search for life outside of Earth is important, but robots can look under the dry rock on Mars better than humans.They’re absolutely important for doing ocean research too, but they can't look under the sea.The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all of us.
Perhaps now it’s time to begin a new period of sea exploration.Manned exploration of space is under way. The adventure in the deep sea is to be expected.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What do the examples in Paragraph 2 suggest
A．Sea exploration is no easy task.
B．Nuclear submarines need to be improved.
C．The ocean is far deeper than people expected.
D．The conditions under the sea are similar to those on the Moon.
2．What do we know about the Challenger Deep
A．Blue whales live there.
B．No one has ever been there.
C．People are terrified at the sight of it.
D．It is the deepest known location in the ocean.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。地球表面71%的面积是海洋，而我们已探索的区域却不足其5%，比起对太空的探索，或许探索深海更具现实意义。
1．A　推理判断题。由第二段中的Twelve humans have walked on the Moon, but only three have seen the Challenger Deep with their own eyes.可知，已有12个人在月球上行走过，但是目睹过马里亚纳海沟的最深处，即挑战者深渊的却只有3个人。可见比起探索太空，人类对于深海的探索更为艰难。故选A项。
2．D　细节理解题。由第二段中的At the very bottom, about 11 km down, lies the Challenger Deep, the deepest part of the Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean.可知，挑战者深渊位于海底大概11千米的位置，是马里亚纳海沟
最深的部分，即已知的海洋最深处。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What does the author think of the discovery in the Southern Ocean
A.It’s surprising. B.It’s no wonder.
C.It’s worrying. D.It’s no success.
4．What does the author want to tell us
A.Space exploration is of little value.
B.We spend too much money on space travel.
C.Humans’ success lies in how much they explore the sea.
D.The ocean is the place where we should make our efforts.
3．B　细节理解题。由第四段中的it discovered something huge passing under it和Surprised Don’t be. The ocean covers 71% of the planet’s surface and we’ve studied less than 5% of it. We know more about the dark side of the Moon than about the bottom of the sea.可知，对于在南冰洋的发现，作者认为不足为奇，因为地球表面71%的面积被海洋覆盖，人类已探索的区域却不到5%。故选B项。
4．D　推理判断题。由倒数第二段中的The search for life outside of Earth is important… but they can’t look under the sea.The cost of exploration is rising, but the results would benefit all of us.和最后一段可知，探索深海对人类的实际意义重大，所以作者要告诉我们海洋是我们应该努力探索的地方。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
[广东东莞2022高二期末质检]Imagine taking a voyage to the deepest part of the ocean. What type of thing would you expect to see Would you expect to see familiar animals and plants or find strange and new ones
Scientists keep looking for new species and new facts. __1__.
Diving deep in the ocean
The deep ocean, 1,000 metres below the surface, is freezing cold.
What’s worse, the water pressure can harm you if you don’t have protective devices on. Therefore, deep divers wear special diving suits to protect themselves from the water pressure. __2__, some of which have robot arms that can collect samples of water, soil, and small animals underwater.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Using satellites for tracking
Satellites up in space can help to track sea animals’ travels in the ocean.Scientists attach electronic sensors to some animals to study them.Then, a satellite can track the signal from the sensor attached to the animal’s fin or back.__3__. Besides, scientists can use this signal to predict the animal’s future movements.
__4__
What types of animals are in the ocean How many are there Oceanographers studied and counted animals for ten years to discover the answers. They looked at all the world’s oceans from the North Pole to the South Pole.They counted more than 30,000 species in more than 30 million records.More than 5,000 new species had never been seen before!
However, not all the animals have been discovered.
__5__. There are many more surprises to come!
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
A．Counting sea animals
B．Living deep underwater
C．The more they explore, the more they find
D．It shows when, where, and how the animal travels
E．For really deep dives, they ride in small submarines
F．Life is more diverse than people previously thought
G．With sensors, some fish have travelled over 75,000 kilometres
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了科学家们使用不同的方法和科技手段不断进行深海探索。
答案及解析
3．D　上文介绍科学家将电子传感器固定在动物的背或鳍上，卫星可以跟踪来自传感器的信号，D项“它显示了动物何时、何地以及如何旅行”承接上文，符合语境。故选D项。
2．E　上文提到潜水员潜入深海时需要穿着特殊的装备，E项“对于非常深的潜水，他们乘坐小型潜艇”承接上文，并引出下文some of which…，其中which指代E项中的small submarines，E项承上启下。故选E项。
1．C　由上文Scientists keep looking for new species and new facts.可知，科学家们一直在探索海洋，C项“他们探索得越多，发现就越多”说明科学家们探索的结果，承接上文，其中they指代上文中的Scientists。故选C项。
4．A　根据空后内容可知，本部分主要讲了计算海洋中的动物数量，A项“数一数海洋动物”符合语境，适合作为本部分小标题。故选A项。
5．F　下文提到接下来还会有更多意想不到的事，F项“生命比人们以前想象的更加多样化”引出下文的结果，符合语境。故选F项。
Period Ⅱ Learning About Language & Using Language
02
1．His theory remains controversial with quite a few supporters and many _________ (opponent) as well.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
opponents
句意为：他的理论仍有争议，有相当多的支持者也有许多反对者。设空处被many修饰，应用复数，故填opponents。
2．You can’t take _________ (possess) of the property until the contract is signed.
possession
句意为：合同签订后你才能拥有这份财产。take possession of 意为“拥有”。故填possession。
解析
解析
3．It was reported that the ________ (murder) had been arrested in a small town.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：据报道，杀人凶手在一个小镇被捕了。murderer意为“杀人凶手”。
4．They were lost at sea, ________ the mercy of the weather.
句意为：他们在海上迷失了方向，只能听命于天气。at the mercy of意为“任……摆布”。
murderer
at
解析
解析
5．The virus can log keystrokes you make when you log ________ all sorts of services.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
on/in
句意为：当你登录各种服务系统时，病毒会记录你的击键行为。log on/in意为“登录”。故填on/in。
6．One source said the company was looking for other ways _________ (address) the issue.
to address
句意为：有消息称，该公司在寻求其他方式来解决该问题。address 在此应用非谓语动词作定语，修饰ways, the way to do sth意为“做某事的方法”。故填to address。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．When preparing for the English speech contest, I found it very challenging _________ (collect) information and use language precisely.
句意为：为英语演讲比赛做准备时，我发现收集信息和准确地使用语言非常具有挑战性。分析句子结构可知，本句为“find＋宾语＋宾补”结构，此处it作形式宾语，应用动词不定式作真正的宾语。故填to collect。
to collect
8．He was heard ________ (talk) with his director about some personal affairs.
to talk
句意为：有人听到他就一些个人事务与他的指导员进行了谈话。此处为hear sb do sth固定结构的被动形式，本结构中使用不定式作宾补，省略了to，转换为被动形式时，不定式的to应还原。故填to talk。
解析
解析
9．The countries are all believed _______________ (negotiate) to obtain missiles at some point.
to have negotiated
10．Our school organised an activity to practise yoga and meditation, ________ (relieve) our stress to some degree.
relieving
句意为：人们都认为，这些国家为了拥有导弹曾在某个时期进行过谈判。sb be believed to do sth意为“某人被认为做某事”，由at some point可知，此处negotiate表示的动作发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前，所以要用不定式的完成式。故填to have negotiated。
句意为：我们学校组织了一次练习瑜伽和冥想的活动，这在一定程度上缓解了我们的压力。relieve在此应用非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，所以应用现在分词。故填relieving。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
体裁：说明文 题材：海洋探索
[广西南宁部分学校2022高二联考]Deep below the ocean’s surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth’s living space. But the deep sea remains 1________ (large) unexplored. Dive down 650 feet, and you will notice that light starts fading rapidly.The deeper you dive, the 2________ (low) the temperature becomes. At 13,000 feet, the temperature stays around freezing point, and there’s no sunlight at all. Yet there is life—an astonishing variety of 3________ (creature) that you’ll never imagine.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．largely　句意为：但深海在很大程度上仍然未被开发。设空处修饰后面的形容词unexplored，应用副词作状语。故填largely。
2．lower　句意为：你潜得越深，温度就变得越低。此处为“the＋比较级…，the+比较级…”结构，表示“越……越……”，设空处应用形容词的比较级。故填lower。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针对深海的探索发现，包括其环境特点和生物特点。
答案及解析
3．creatures　句意为：但那里有生命，有你绝对想象不到的种类惊人的生物。a variety of为固定搭
配，意为“各种各样的”，此处表示“种类惊人的
生物”，应用名词的复数形式。故填creatures。
You can’t dive to the deep ocean on your own. But scientists now have advanced technologies 4________ (explore) this vast frontier.
It’s hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 5________ (challenge) environment. Many of them look quite strange. Some have huge eyes while others seem to be all mouths.Their jaws—often filled with sharp teeth— 6________ (be) always open.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．challenging　句意为：很难想象，成千上万神奇的动物已经适应了这种充满挑战的生活环境。根据空前的this及空后的名词environment可知，此处修饰名词，作定语，应填形容词；根据语境可知，此处表示“充满挑战的”，故填challenging。
6．are　句意为：它们的嘴巴——通常长满了锋利的牙齿——总是张开的。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是Their jaws，为复数形式。故填are。
4．to explore　句意为：但是科学家们现在有先进的技术来探索这一广阔的前沿领域。此处应用不定式短语作目的状语。故填to explore。
答案及解析
The Census of Marine Life is an international project, 7_______records the diversity, distribution 8________ abundance of life in the ocean. The researchers have discovered more than 5,000 new species so far. The data and information—30 million records 9________ (collect) by the Census and 2,600 papers contributing 10________ the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
8．and　句意见上一题解析。设空处连接diversity, distribution和abundance作records的宾语，表示并列。故填and。
9．collected　句意为：数据和信息——由普查计划收集的3,000万份记录和2, 600份对科学文献作出贡献的论文——将作为未来几年的基线。此处作后置定语，collect与30 million records之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
10．to　句意见上一题解析。contribute to…为固定用法，意为“对……有贡献”，故填to。
答案及解析
7．which　句意为：海洋生物普查计划是一个国际项目，它记录了海洋生物的多样性、分布和丰富度。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代表示物的先行词project，应用关系代词which引导该从句。
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
[河南商丘五校2022高二联考]Scientists in England are using two self directed water vehicles to explore the animal and plant life of the Celtic Sea.
The Celtic Sea is a body of water off the southern coast of Ireland.The area is known for its unusual sea life.Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.
One of the research vehicles is powered by batteries. It collects information for the National Oceanography Centre in Southampton, UK, and the World Wildlife Fund. The vehicle's low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.Reports of what it finds in the Celtic Sea are sent by satellite.
Stephen Woodward is an engineer who helped design the vehicle.He says the vehicle has equipment that can discover fish and small organisms called zooplankton (浮游动物). He adds that other sensing equipment measures ocean currents and other features of sea life.The vehicle also creates a map of the sea.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
Another vehicle is powered by the sun and the wind. It can stay floating on water for months.The robotic vehicle sends information about the so called biodiversity hotspots. A biodiversity hotspot is an area of the ocean that has a lot of plant and animal life activity.
Lavinia Suberg is one of the scientists studying the Celtic Sea. She says productive ocean areas, like the Celtic Sea, attract zooplankton.The zooplankton then attracts fish. She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.
Using these robotic ocean vehicles greatly reduces the cost of exploring the sea with manned laboratories. Scientists can spend more time analysing the collected information. They say the research will give them a better understanding of the need of the Celtic Sea for future management and protection.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
1．Why do the British scientists explore the Celtic Sea
A．To study the geography of the sea.
B．To learn why the sea is rich in sea life.
C．To test their self directed water vehicles.
D．To learn about the sea creatures in the sea.
2．According to the text, the water vehicles ________.
A．are controlled directly by humans
B．work depending on the map of the sea
C．can send the information back directly
D．can keep floating on water for a long time
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章报道了英格兰的科学家们使用自导式水上载具探索凯尔特海海域的动植物的情况。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Scientists want to know why sea creatures are so attracted to this part of the Atlantic Ocean.可知，英国科学家研究该海域的目的是弄清为什么该海域如此吸引海洋生物，即了解其富含海洋生物的原因。故选B项。
2．D　细节理解题。根据第三段中的The vehicle’s low energy requirements permit it to stay floating on water for up to 30 days.和第五段中的It can stay floating on water for months.可知，这些水上载具能在海上漂浮很久。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
3．According to Lavinia Suberg, the sea mammals and birds ________.
A．are afraid of living alone
B．mainly feed on zooplankton
C．like to live in warm ocean areas
D．are especially interested in fish
4．What is the last paragraph mainly about
A．The aim of sea exploration.
B．The cost of exploring the sea.
C．The importance of the water vehicles.
D．Ways to deal with the collected information.
答案及解析
3．D　细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句She adds that areas with a large increase of fish often attract sea mammals and birds.可知，海洋哺乳动物和鸟类对鱼很感兴趣。故选D项。
4．C　主旨大意题。根据最后一段提到应用这些水上载具可以替代载人实验室以减少海洋探索的成本，以及可以给科学家留出更多时间分析采集到的信息可知，本段旨在介绍机器人式水上载具在海洋探索中的重要性。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
[河北石家庄一中2021高二月考]Climate change poses a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found. Even by 2050 some coastlines could be unrecognisable from what we see today, with 10% to 12% facing severe erosion (侵蚀).
Using updated sea level rise predictions, the researchers analysed how beaches around the world would be in a future with higher sea levels and more damaging storms. They also considered natural processes like wave erosion, as well as human factors like coastal building developments, all of which can affect a beach's health. The study found that the sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors, and that the more heat trapping gases humans put into the atmosphere, the worse the influences on the world’s beaches are likely to be.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
It’s hard to overstate just how important the world’s beaches are. They cover more than one third of the world’s coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms. Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities. And in some areas, the beach is more than a vacation destination. In places like Australia, life near the coast revolves around the beach for much of the year.
Some of the world’s most popular beaches are already taking action. Places like Miami Beach are trucking in thousands of tons of sand to patch up (修复) badly eroded shorelines, while others have built sea walls (海堤) and breakwaters (防波堤) in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising sea levels and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle.
However, the researchers did find that humans have some control over what happens to the world’s beaches. If the world’s governments are able to stick to modest cuts in heat trapping gas pollution, the researchers found that 22% of projected beach losses by 2050 could be prevented, a number that will grow to 40% by 2100 if
greenhouse gases are limited.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．Which is the biggest contributor to severe beach erosion
A．Damaging storms. B．Wave erosion.
C．Coastal building. D．Sea level rises.
2．What can we infer from Paragraph 3
A．It is hard to protect coastal beaches.
B．One third of storms take place near beaches.
C．Beaches are of great significance to our life.
D．Most Australians live on beach tourism.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。一项新研究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到2100年可能有一半的沙滩将会消失。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的The study found that the sea level rise is expected to outweigh these other factors可知，有很多因素会造成沙滩被侵蚀，其中海平面上升是导致沙滩严重侵蚀的首要因素。故选D项。
2．C　推理判断题。根据第三段中的It’s hard to overstate just how important the world's beaches are.They cover more than one third of the world's coastlines, and protect coastal areas from storms.Beaches are also important economic engines, supporting relaxation, tourism and other activities.可知，世界上的海滩极其重要，它们覆盖了世界三分之一以上的海岸线，并保护着沿海地区免受风暴的侵袭。海滩也是重要的经济引擎，支持休闲、旅游和其他活动。故第三段强调了沙滩对人类生活非
常重要。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What does the underlined word “this” refer to in Paragraph 4
A.Popularising the beaches.
B.Holding sand in place.
C.Reducing the project costs.
D.Stopping global warming.
4．What is the best title for the text
A.Half Beaches Could Disappear by 2100
B.Climate Change Is Doing Harm to Our Life
C.The Beach Is More Than a Vacation Destination
D.Governments Are Taking Action to Fight Wave Erosion
3．B　词义猜测题。根据第四段中的while others have built sea walls and breakwaters in an attempt to hold precious sand in place. But the financial and environmental costs of these projects are huge, and scientists say rising sea levels and more powerful storms, supercharged by a warmer climate, will make this a losing battle.可知，这些固沙项目的金融和环境成本巨大，且科学家说因气候变暖增压，上升的海平面和更强大的风暴将会使固沙项目成为失败的举措。由此可知this指的是Hold sand in place.。故选B项。
4．A　主旨大意题。根据Climate change poses a threat to the world’s sandy beaches, and as many as half of them could disappear by 2100, a new study has found.可知文章首句点明主题。一项新研究显示：气候变化对世界上的沙滩造成了威胁，到2100年可能有一半的沙滩将会消失。所以
最佳标题是“到2100年，一半的沙滩可能会消失”。
故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
Boyan Slat is 26. If you saw him walking down the street, you might think he was just a student at a local technical university. And so he was, seven years ago, right before he __1__ out of college.
Slat’s life began to __2__ after a holiday trip to Greece with his family when he was 16. Before taking a diving course, he had __3__ to see beautiful sea animals.However, what he __4__ saw in the ocean was an awful lot of plastic waste. From that moment on, Slat dived into a __5__ to find a solution to this alarming problem.
1．A．ran B．dropped
C．studied D．grew
2．A．change B．improve
C．suffer D．worsen
3．A．failed B．managed
C．started D．expected
4．A．suddenly B．probably
C．actually D．rarely
5．A．project B．book
C．lake D．river
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
__6__ by the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean, he __7__ his company at the age of 18. The idea was named one of the best __8__ of 2015 by Time magazine.
After five and a half years’ hard work, he launched the world’s first ocean plastic clean up system: System 001. The U shaped pipe, about 609 metres in __9__, snakes its way out under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific Ocean.These floating barriers will capture (捕获) plastic as the ocean water flows past.Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for __10__ every few months.According to Slat, if all goes according to plan, only 60 systems could __11__ the amount of plastic there by as much as 50 percent by 2025.
6．A．Troubled B．Amused
C．Frightened D．Struck
7．A．left B．founded
C．sold D．introduced
8．A．inventions B．results
C．wishes D．barriers
9．A．width B．length
C．height D．depth
10．A．burning B．burying
C．recycling D．testing
11．A．increase B．reduce
C．keep D．limit
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
__12__, there remains a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat’s systems It’s likely that lots of the waste will __13__ be recycled into more single use plastic that ends up back in the __14__. That doesn’t mean Slat will __15__. “Big problems require big solutions,” he says. “If anyone has any better idea, I’d love to know.”
12．A．Besides B．Therefore
C．However D．Otherwise
13．A．eventually B．certainly
C．rapidly D．carefully
14．A．ships B．mountains
C．dustbins D．oceans
15．A．give over B．give in
C．give out D．give up
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了一个叫博扬·斯莱特的男孩，在 16 岁去希腊潜水时看到海里到处是塑料垃圾，决定专注于解决海洋塑料垃圾问题，并发明了世界上第一个海上塑料收集系统，这个系统定期将海里的塑料垃圾运上岸并进行回收。
1．B　根据前文的And so he was, seven years ago可知，他没退学之前是一名大学生。drop out为固定短语，意为“退学，辍学”。故选B项。
2．A　根据后文的From that moment on, Slat dived into a ________ to find a solution to this alarming problem.可知，16岁时，他和家人去了希腊度假之后，他的生活就发生了改变，从那时起他开始潜心研究解决海洋塑料垃圾问题的方法。故选A项。
3．D　根据本句中的Before taking a diving course可推知，他是带着能看到美丽的海洋生物的期待去上潜水课的。expect意为“期望”，符合语境。故选D项。
4．C　根据句首的However可知，本句与前文应为转折关系，表示他实际看到的与他期望看到的事物不同。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
5．A　根据后文的find a solution to this alarming problem可知，他想找到解决这个令人担忧的问题的办法，因此潜心研究这个项目。故选A项。
6．D　根据后文的 the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，他应是突然想到了用漂浮屏障来收集海洋中的塑料的主意。故选D项。
7．B　根据后文的his company可知，他应是创立了自己的公司。故选B项。
8．A　根据前文的the idea of a floating barrier that could collect plastic in the ocean可知，漂浮屏障是一项发明。故选A项。
9．B　根据前文的The U shaped pipe可知，这是一个U型管，且后文动词snakes意为“(使)蜿蜒前进”，因此about 609 metres应是它的长度。故选B项。
10．C　根据后文的It’s likely that lots of the waste will ________ be recycled into more single use plastic that ends up back in the ________.可知，从海洋里收集的垃圾会被回收。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
11．B　根据前文的These floating barriers will capture plastic as the ocean water flows past.Ships will collect the waste and bring it to land for ________ every few months.可知，海洋塑料清理系统是以“捕捞海洋中的塑料并将其运往岸上回收”为工作原理的，是在减少海洋中的塑料垃圾，因此在斯莱特看来，按计划，只用 60个这样的系统就能够在 2025 年前减少海洋中多达50%的塑料垃圾。故选B项。
12．C　根据后文的there remains a problem: What will happen to the plastic brought back to shore from Slat’s systems？可知，出现了“由这个系统带回岸上的塑料会怎么处理”的疑问，这与前文之间为转折关系。故选C项。
13．A　根据空后的be recycled into more single use plastic that ends up back in the ________ 可知，被回收的塑料垃圾最后会被做成更多一次性使用的塑料制品，最终会重新回到海洋。故选A项。
14．D　根据前文中提及的back可知，这些塑料垃圾被回收做成一次性使用的塑料制品，最后还是会回到海洋中。故选D项。
15．D　根据后文的“Big problems require big solutions,” he says.“If anyone has any better idea, I’d love to know.”(“重大的问题需要伟大的解决方案，”他说，“如果有人有更好的主意，我很想知道。”)可知，面对前文提及的问题，他并没有知难而退，即他没有放弃。故选D项。
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03
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A
[全国新高考Ⅱ2022]We journalists live in a new age of storytelling, with many new multimedia tools. Many young people don’t even realize it’s new. For them, it’s just normal.
This hit home for me as I was sitting with my 2 year old grandson on a sofa over the Spring Festival holiday. I had brought a children’s book to read. It had simple words and colorful pictures—a perfect match for his age.
Picture this: my grandson sitting on my lap as I hold the book in front so he can see the pictures. As I read, he reaches out and pokes (戳) the page with his finger.
What’s up with that He just likes the pictures, I thought. Then I turned the page and continued. He poked the page even harder. I nearly dropped the book. I was confused: Is there something wrong with this kid
Then I realized what was happening. He was actually a stranger to books. His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them. He thought my storybook was like that.
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Sorry, kid. This book is not part of your high tech world. It’s an outdated, lifeless thing. An antique, like your grandfather. Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I've even built websites.
There’s one notable gap in my new media experience, however. I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio. But that didn’t stop China Daily from asking me last week to share a personal story for a video project about the integration of Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei province.
Anyway, grandpa is now an internet star—two minutes of fame! I promise not to let it go to my head. But I will make sure my 2 year old grandson sees it on his tablet.
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1. What do the underlined words “hit home for me” mean in paragraph 2
A．Provided shelter for me.
B．Became very clear to me.
C．Took the pressure off me.
D．Worked quite well on me.
2. Why did the kid poke the storybook
A．He took it for a tablet computer.
B．He disliked the colorful pictures.
C．He was angry with his grandpa.
D．He wanted to read it by himself.
2．A　细节理解题。根据第五段中的He was actually a stranger to books. His father… He thought my storybook was like that.可知，作者的孙子用手指戳故事书是因为他把它当成了平板
电脑。故选A项。
答案及解析
【语篇导读】文章主要讲述了春节期间，作者给孙子拿了一本儿童读物，孙子却以为这本读物是平板电脑，不停地用手指戳书的故事。这引发了作者对当下多媒体发展的思考。
1．B　词义猜测题。根据第一段内容可知，作者认为许多年轻人没有意识到多媒体工具的发展提供了新的叙事方式；再根据第五段内容，尤其是其中的realized可知，作者通过孙子的行为意识到，孙子更熟悉平板电脑而不是书。由此可推知，画线短语表示这段经历让作者“清楚地意识到”许多年轻人对当下的多媒体时代的态度。画线短语与B项意思相近，故选B项。
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3. What does the author think of himself
A．Socially ambitious.
B．Physically attractive.
C．Financially independent.
D．Digitally competent.
4. What can we learn about the author as a journalist
A．He lacks experience in his job.
B．He seldom appears on television.
C．He manages a video department.
D．He often interviews internet stars.
3．D　推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的Well, I may be old, but I’m not hopelessly challenged, digitally speaking. I edit video and produce audio. I use mobile payment. I’ve even built websites.可知，作者认为自己面对数码时代并非束手无策，他会编辑视频、制作音频、使用手机支付，甚至建立了网站。故选D项。
4．B　推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的There’s one notable gap in my new media experience, however. I’ve spent little time in front of a camera, since I have a face made for radio.可知，作者很少出现在镜头前，即作者很少出现在电视节目中。故选B项。
答案及解析
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His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer which was loaded with colorful pictures that come alive when you poke them.
句式分析：本句为主从复合句，主句为His father frequently amused the boy with a tablet computer；which引导限制性定语从句，修饰a tablet computer；that引导限制性定语从句，修饰pictures，其中包含一个when引导的时间状语从句。
句意：他的父亲经常用一台存有多彩图片的平板电脑逗这个男孩开心，当你戳这些图片的时候，它们就会变得栩栩如生。
长难句分析
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B
[湖北荆州中学2022高二期末]In the waves of human exploration into space, our brave Chinese people have never stopped the pace of advancing. In just half a century, China has made remarkable aviation exploration success. After landing probes on the lunar and Martian surfaces, China has begun to set its exploratory sights on the core of our solar system—the sun.
Named Xihe after the sun goddess in ancient Chinese mythology, the 508 kilogramme Chinese H Alpha Solar Explorer satellite was launched on Oct 14,2021 from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Centre in Shanxi Province. It then entered a sun synchronous orbit about 517 kilometres above Earth.
The spacecraft is China's first space based solar telescope and is designed to work for at least three years, Wang Wei, project manager of the satellite, told China Daily.
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Its scientific payload is an H Alpha imaging spectrograph (成像光谱仪). The H Alpha band is one of the best spectral lines to study solar activity, according to the Global Times. “The instrument is able to observe and record changes in the sun’s physical elements like its temperature and speed, facilitating scientists’ studies about the dynamics and physics during a solar eruption,” Wang told China Daily.
Several Chinese satellites, such as the Fengyun 3E meteorological satellite, have carried equipment that can collect solar data, but Xihe is the first one dedicated to solar observation.
“Since solar activity has many effects on life on Earth, it is important for mankind to study the sun,” Zhao Jian, a senior official at the China National Space Administration, told China Daily.
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Since the 1960s, NASA has sent dozens of solar orbiters to circle the sun, and in 2004, the Genesis spacecraft returned a sample of solar wind. The most recently launched solar mission was Parker Solar Probe in 2018. Europe and Japan also have solar missions, according to the South China Morning Post.
“Our country is ranked No.2 in the world in terms of published research papers on solar observations, but all of the satellite generated data used by our scientists are from foreign spacecraft,” Zhao told China Daily. “Xihe will put an end to the dependence on foreign satellites, and we will share its products with researchers around the world.”
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1．What do we know about Xihe
A．It is expected to work for five years.
B．It is an estimated half ton scientific research satellite.
C．It is named after an ancient Chinese scientist.
D．It is the world’s first solar observation satellite.
2．What is the main task of Xihe according to the text
A．To monitor changes in the sun’s physical elements.
B．To adjust the temperature and speed of the sun.
C．To study how solar activity affects life on Earth.
D．To observe other satellites around the sun.
2．A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的The instrument is able to observe and record changes in the sun’s physical elements like its temperature and speed, facilitating scientists' studies about the dynamics and physics during a solar eruption可知，“羲和号”的主要任务是观察和记录太阳的物理元素变化。故选A项。
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了我国首颗太阳探测科学技术试验卫星“羲和号”的成功发射及其主要任务和重要意义。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Named Xihe after the sun goddess in ancient Chinese mythology, the 508 kilogramme Chinese H Alpha Solar Explorer satellite可知，“羲和号”是一颗重约半吨的科学研究卫星。故选B项。
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3．Why is it essential to do research on the sun
A．Our reliance on foreign satellites will come to an end.
B．It helps scientists learn more about solar history.
C．Solar eruptions may bring human beings disasters.
D．Creatures on Earth are affected by solar activity.
4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The advantages of the Xihe satellite.
B．The significance of the Xihe mission.
C．The development of China’s space exploration.
D．The ways scientists collect satellite generated data.
4．B　主旨大意题。根据最后一段内容可知，“羲和号”的研发意味着中国摆脱了对外国卫星的依赖，且中国获得的数据将与世界各地的研究人员共享，故最后一段主要说明了“羲和号”的重要性。故选B项。
答案及解析
3．D　细节理解题。根据第六段中的Since solar activity has many effects on life on Earth, it is important for mankind to study the sun可知，由于太阳活动影响着地球上的生物，研究太阳对人类来说很重要。故选D项。
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刷7选5
[湖北“荆、荆、襄、宜”四地七校考试联盟2022高二期中]
Road Rage
We all know driving can be stressful.__1__ Manoeuvres (移动) like that can make us consumed with anger. So what is road rage, and what things can cause it
Road rage, simply put, is a sudden burst of anger that motorists experience when they feel angered by something another driver, cyclist or pedestrian has done. Road rage can show itself in several ways.__2__The drivers themselves may feel anxious and stressed, which can cause them to speed or change directions across the road.
__3__ Being tailgated, undertaken on a busy motorway, seeing someone moving across several lanes, chatting on their phone, or hogging the middle lane in front of us are just some of the things that may stress us.And what about parking Someone parking in the space we wanted at the last second could make us more annoyed and madder!__4__
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So what can we do to keep relaxed Try driving in a good mood, and if you see a traffic jam, just remember that they can’t be avoided.__5__ Also, if you see someone who is really angry, try not to maintain eye contact, and don’t get out of the car to confront them.And if you feel stressed and anxious, try pulling over somewhere and resting until you calm down.
A．What does road rage lead to
B．And try leaving a little earlier in future.
C．So what can cause us to experience road rage
D．Just remember road rage can happen to anyone.
E．They include verbal or physical threats, insults, and even dangerous driving.
F．One minute you’re minding your own business and the next someone cuts you up.
G．Being aware of what can generate these feelings of rage may be key to controlling it.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
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【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章介绍了什么是路怒症，以及它产生的原因和缓解方式。
答案及解析
1．F　根据下文Manoeuvres like that can make us consumed with anger.可知，设空处的句子应提及that指代的具体内容，再根据with anger可知选F项。故F项(前一分钟你还在好好地开着车，下一分钟就有人抢道)符合语境，故选F项。
2．E　上文提到路怒症可以表现在好几个方面，E项给出路怒症的几种具体表现方式，选项中的They指代上文中的several ways，故E项(它们包括口头或人身威胁、辱骂甚至危险驾驶)符合语境，承接上文，故选E项。
3．C　下文主要分析了路怒症产生的原因，故C项(那么是什么导致我们经历路怒呢？)可以引出下文内容，符合语境，故选C项。
4．G　本段主要分析了产生路怒症的原因，G项说明了解路怒症成因的作用，承接上文。故选G项。
5．B　本段主要讲如何在开车时缓解焦虑，保持好心情，上文提到交通堵塞无法避免，设空处应说明缓解交通拥堵带来的焦虑的办法。故B项(下次试着早点出发)符合语境。
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The deadly winter storm set numerous low
temperature records. __1__ 22 states were impacted, Texas was particularly hard hit. The state’s energy sources mostly went offline and water pipes froze and broke open, leaving millions without electricity and water.
When Timmons left home, she had her day __2__ planned.The Houston based teacher, who increased her income by making home grocery deliveries at weekends, intended to complete all her __3__ in the morning and spend the afternoon __4__ with chocolates and wine.
__5__, the weather turned worse just as she reached her last delivery location, and her car broke down, making it __6__ to complete the three hour drive home.
1．A．Since B．While
C．If D．In case
2．A．barely B．wrongly
C．perfectly D．proudly
3．A．runs B．sessions
C．repairs D．exercises
4．A．relaxing B．checking
C．laughing D．complaining
5．A．Additionally B．Therefore
C．Instead D．However
6．A．boring B．unsafe
C．impossible D．inconvenient
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Upon hearing her dilemma (窘境), the homeowners, Richardson and Condon, immediately __7__ Timmons inside.
As the storm continued, Timmons __8__ to move into a hotel, but Richardson and Condon __9__ her by asking, “Could you make it there safely What if they lose power Isn't the guest room __10__ than a hotel chain ” Then they said firmly, “No worries, stay a bit longer.” Filled with __11__ Timmons went to “her” room, attempting to hold back her tears.
7．A．invited B．pushed
C．attracted D．followed
8．A．offered B．hesitated
C．declined D．promised
9．A．suggested B．discouraged
C．motivated D．threatened
10．A．worse B．plainer
C．better D．colder
11．A．joy B．curiosity
C．disappointment D．pride
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The educator finally returned home five days later. She expressed her __12__ to Richardson and Condon for opening their doors to a complete __13__, sheltering her and __14__ their meals when food was in short supply. While the violent weather tested Texans’ nerve, it also __15__ the best in humanity.
12．A．optimism B．satisfaction
C．hope D．appreciation
13．A．loser B．hero
C．stranger D．pioneer
14．A．sharing B．storing
C．obtaining D．displaying
15．A．stood for B．accounted for
C．brought out D．related to
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【语篇导读】本文为一篇记叙文。本文讲述了在恶劣天气重创得克萨斯州时，房主理查森和康登给送货员蒂蒙斯提供了帮助的故事。在恶劣天气的衬托下，这一举动展现出人类善良的一面。
1．B　根据副词particularly和下文对灾情的描述可知，得克萨斯州受到的打击尤其严重。前后内容形成对比，且突出了得克萨斯州的受灾情况严重，因此用while引导让步状语从句。
2．C　根据下文描述的蒂蒙斯一天的具体安排可知，她把一天都安排得很“完美”。故选C项。
3．A　根据上下文内容可知，蒂蒙斯是一名教师，同时也是一名送货员，此处指她打算早上完成全部送货任务，即要送完所有线路上的货物。run在此处作名词，意为“(送报人等的)递送路线”。故选A项。
4．A　根据下文中的with chocolates and wine可知，她下午要放松一下，故选A项。
5．D　根据下文中的the weather turned worse just as she reached her last delivery location, and her car broke down可知，天气更糟了，她的车抛锚了。如今的情况与上文中她原本对今日的规划相反。故此空应填表示转折的词，故选D项。
答案及解析
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6．C　根据上文中的her car broke down可知，她不可能开车回家了。故选C项。
7．A　根据下文提示词inside可知，此处表示房主邀请她进去了。故选A项。
8．A　根据下文to move into a hotel可知，蒂蒙斯主动提出了去旅馆住。offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事”，故选A项。
9．B　根据下文理查森和康登的提问及下文中的Then they said firmly, “No worries, stay a bit longer.”可知，他们通过提问“打消”了蒂蒙斯的念头。suggest意为“建议”；discourage意为“劝阻；阻止”；motivate意为“激励；激发”；threaten意为“威胁”。故选B项。
10．C　根据上文可知，理查森和康登想要打消她去旅馆的念头，所以说客房比旅馆更好。故选C项。
11．A　根据上文可知，理查森和康登在危难时刻帮助了蒂蒙斯这样一个完全陌生的人，蒂蒙斯此时应该是很“开心”。故选A项。
答案及解析
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12．D　由上文可知，蒂蒙斯获得了理查森和康登的帮助，所以在回家前向他们表示“感谢”。故选D项。
13．C　由第三段中的Upon hearing her dilemma, the homeowners, Richardson and Condon, immediately ________ Timmons inside.可知，蒂蒙斯给理查森和康登送货，所以她对他们来说完全是“陌生人”。 故选C项。
14．A　由上文内容可知，理查森和康登给蒂蒙斯提供了帮助，让她在家里躲避风暴，并和她“分享”食物。故选A项。
15．C　由上文可知，恶劣天气重创得克萨斯州，但本文通过讲述理查森和康登给送货员蒂蒙斯提供了帮助的小故事，表明即使在恶劣天气下，人类也能展现出他们善良的一面。设空处所在的分句的主语it指代上文中的the violent weather。stand for意为“代表，表示；主张”；account for意为“解释；说明”；bring out意为“使(某种通常不易显露的行为或情感)显现”；relate to意为“涉及；谈到”。故选C项。
答案及解析
体裁：说明文　 题材：传统文化
[江苏宿迁2022高二期末]Chinese seals are symbolic of identity, status and culture. With roots 1________ (date) back thousands of years, they are more than just a unique motif (装饰图案).
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阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．dating　句意为：印章的根源可以追溯到几千年前，它们不仅仅是一个独特的装饰图案。分析句子结构可知，此处为“with＋宾语＋宾补”结构，设空处在句中作宾补；date和roots是逻辑上的主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填dating。date back为固定搭配，意为“追溯到……”。
【语篇导读】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍中国印章的发展历史和特征。
答案及解析
A Chinese seal is a tool 2________ (use) to mark important documents, or any other item that requires a signature. 3________ (typical), the seals are made of stone, but they can also be made of wood, bamboo, etc. When the seals are used, they 4________ (dip) in either red ink or cinnabar (朱砂) paste.
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2．used　句意为：中国印章是用于标记重要文件或其他需要签名的物品的工具。动词use和被修饰名词tool是逻辑上的被动关系，所以用过去分词作后置定语。故填used。
答案及解析
3．Typically　句意为：通常印章是用石头制作而成的，但它们也可以用木材、竹子等制作。这里需要副词作状语，修饰整个句子。故填Typically。
4．are dipped　句意为：当人们使用印章时，它们会被蘸上红墨水或朱砂膏。主语they和谓语动词dip是被动关系，应用被动语态；此处描述客观情况，用一般现在时；主语是they，be动词用复数形式。故填are dipped。
It wasn’t until the Ming and Qing dynasties that the seals were widely used, due to the 5________ (expand) of the arts.Artists used a stylised seal carving their names on 6________ (mark) the ownership of their works.Individuals also used a personalised seal 7________ important documents.
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答案及解析
5．expansion　句意为：直到明清时期，由于艺术的扩张，印章才被广泛使用。设空处在句中作介词宾语，应填名词。故填expansion。
6．to mark　句意为：艺术家们用刻有其名字的风格化的印章来标记他们作品的所有权。此处应用动词不定式短语作目的状语，故填to mark。
7．for　句意为：个人也为(标记)重要文件使用个性化的印章。use sth for…为固定用法，意为“把某物用于……”。故填for。
Engraving (雕刻) on the seal face can follow several calligraphy styles, 8________ master engravers spared no effort to develop. Today, seals are still used widely throughout China for marking important documents.Seals are often accompanied by hand signatures as a 9________ (much) secure form of identification than just one type.
Nowadays, along with calligraphy, painting and wax printing, seal carving is considered 10________ traditional Chinese art form.
刷语法填空
单元限时作业
8．which　句意为：印面雕刻可以遵循几种书法风格，雕刻大师不遗余力地发展这些风格。此处引导非限制性定语从句，关系词指代先行词calligraphy styles，在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词which引导该从句。
9．more　句意为：印章通常伴有手写签名，是一种比单一类型更安全的身份证明形式。由后面的than just one type可知，此处表示比较含义。故填more。
10．a　句意为：如今，篆刻和书法、绘画及蜡染一样，被认为是中国的一种传统艺术形式。art form是可数名词的单数形式，前面需要限定词修饰；根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，表示“一个；一种”，所以用不定冠词，且traditional的发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。
答案及解析
刷应用文写作
单元限时作业
假如你是李华，最近你们班在英语课上组织了一场主题为“Deep sea Fishing”的辩论会。请你根据辩论情况写一篇英语短文。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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观　点 40%赞成 60%反对 你的观点
理　由 1．丰富人们的食物来源；2．增加渔民收入。 1．污染海洋； 2．物种减少，破坏深海生态系统。 ……
刷应用文写作
单元限时作业
【写作提示】
1．写作要点：(1)点明主题；(2)陈述支持和反对的观点及理由；(3)给出自己的看法。
2．提分词句：hold the view; provide sb with sth; what's more; lead to; sustainable; which引导的非限制性定语从句； as引导的非限制性定语从句等。
【参考范文】
Recently, our class had a debate on whether we should go deep sea fishing.
40% of students hold the view that deep sea fishing is beneficial, because fish is a good source of food, which can provide us with protein and other nutrients. Besides, fishermen can earn more by fishing.However, others believe that it is necessary to stop deep sea fishing. As is reported, deep sea fishing has severely polluted the ocean. What’s more, overfishing has led to the decrease in the number of species and destroyed the deep sea ecosystem.
In my opinion, there should be seasonal limitation on deep sea fishing so that we can have sustainable fish resources.