人教版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Sharing课件(共79张PPT)

(共79张PPT)
Unit 4　Sharing
选择性必修
第四册
Period Ⅰ　Reading and Thinking
01
1．If you sneeze after stepping into a ________ (dust) room or taking a deep breath from a bunch of roses, this is an allergic reaction.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
dusty
句意为：如果你走进一间满是灰尘的房间，或者从一束玫瑰花上深吸一口气后打喷嚏，这是一种过敏反应。设空处修饰名词room，作定语，应用形容词。故填dusty。
2．The play, whose style is ________ (rigid) formal, is typical for the period.
rigidly
句意为：这出戏的风格拘束死板，是那个时代的典型。修饰形容词应用副词，故填rigidly。
解析
解析
3．Just like its English name “Grain Buds”, Xiaoman is a period of time when the grains are about to ________ (ripe) but are not quite there yet.[山东潍坊2022高二期末·改编]
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：小满，就像它的英文名字“谷蕾”一样， 是指谷物即将成熟但尚未成熟的时期。be about to do sth为固定搭配，意为“即将做某事”。故填ripen。
4．Her rough hands and ________ (wrinkle) face reflected a life of hard physical work.
句意为：她那粗糙的手和布满皱纹的脸是她一生艰苦的体力劳动的写照。此处作定语，修饰face，应填wrinkled，意为“有皱纹的”。
ripen
wrinkled
解析
解析
5．The proposal was greeted with ________ chorus of approval.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
a
句意为：该提议获得大家异口同声地赞成。a chorus of 意为“异口同声的”。故填a。
6．Having resigned ________ his post, he now occupies himself with the welfare of the seniors and lives a meaningful life.
from
句意为：他从自己的岗位上辞职后，现在忙于老年人的福利事业，过着有意义的生活。resign from… 为固定搭配，意为“从……辞职”。故填from。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．Some people use their mobile phones when lying on their side at night with one eye against the pillow. While one eye gets used to the dark, the other eye has to adjust ________ the bright light of the screen, which might lead to severe problems.
句意为：有些人会在晚上侧躺着使用手机，一只眼睛抵着枕头。当一只眼睛习惯黑暗时，另一只眼睛必须适应屏幕的明亮光线，这可能会导致严重的问题。adjust to为固定搭配，意为“适应”。故填to。
to
8．In the match to come, you are likely to come ________ many powerful opponents.
across
句意为：在即将到来的比赛中，你可能会遇到很多强大的对手。come across为固定搭配，意为“遇见；碰见”。故填across。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
9．She is very interested in British literature and therefore is dying ________ (go) to her dream university for further study.
句意为：她对英国文学非常感兴趣，因此渴望去她梦想的大学继续深造。be dying to do sth为固定搭配，意为“渴望做某事”。故填to go。
to go
10．The cleaning worker____________ (weed) this small field across my house for one hour and a half.
has weeded
has been weeding
句意为：清洁工已经在我家对面那一小块地里除草一个半小时了。weed在此是谓语动词，根据语境和时间状语for one hour and a half可知，此处强调从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作，应用现在完成时；动作有可能还在继续，也可用现在完成进行时。故填has weeded或has been weeding。
解析
解析
To be honest, you ________ ________ ________ ________ what they suffered.
1．错译经常误导游客，当然，更不用说很好地传播中国文化了。
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．坦白说，你对他们遭受了什么根本就一无所知。(concept)
The mistranslation is often misleading tourists, of course, ________ ________ ________ spreading Chinese culture very well.
have no concept of
not to mention
4．我以前想当然地认为父母应该为我们做好一切，这个想法是完全错误的。(grant)
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ parents should do everything for us, which is totally wrong.
I took it for granted that
3．随着唯一的河流干涸，他们的财政陷入困境，他们迫切地要求财政支持。(dry)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________, their finance was in need and they called
for financial support badly.
With the only river drying up
As the only river dried up
5．如果正确处理，毫无疑问，回收利用将节省能源与原材料并减少对环境的污染。(doubt)
If done right, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ recycling will save energy and raw materials and reduce pollution to the environment.
there is no doubt that
体裁：记叙文　 题材：志愿服务
Two years ago, Jo worked as a teacher in Papua New Guinea. There 1________ (be) no electricity, running water or textbooks in the school, not to mention modern equipment. However, one thing is for sure—she has become more imaginative in teaching. Her students 2________ (have) no concept of doing experiments, science is her most 3________ (challenge) subject.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．was 　根据前面的时间状语Two years ago可知，此处应用一般过去时；there be句型中be动词的数根据“就近原则”来确定，根据electricity可知，be动词应用第三人称单数形式。
2．having　________ became known as the Silk Road在此是宾语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，所以应用what。后面的science is her most ________ subject是完整的句子，逗号前后没有连词，所以逗号前面为独立主格结构，have与Her students 是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。故填having。
答案及解析
3．challenging　 此处修饰名词subject，要用形容词，challenge的形容词形式是challenging，意为“富有
挑战性的”。
The other day she 4________ (show) the boys the weekly chemistry experiment when the 5________ (mix) was bubbling over everywhere.The boys, 6________ had never come across anything like this, were so frightened that they jumped out of the windows.Sometimes she doubted whether chemistry was relevant 7________ these students, most of whom would be going back to their villages.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
7．to　be relevant to… 为固定搭配，意为“对……有意义”。故填to。
5．mixture　此处作从句的主语，应用名词形式。故填mixture。
6．who　________ had never come across anything like this是非限制性定语从句，关系词在定语从句中作主语，代指The boys，所以应用who。
答案及解析
4．was showing　be doing sth when… 意为“正在做某事的时候，突然……”，为固定句型；此处陈述过去的事情，用过去进行时。故填was showing。
The local people had a hard life.Their hut was so dark that it took time for one’s eyes 8________ (adjust)．The only possessions that could be seen were one broom, a few saucers, a kettle, cups, pans, and a couple of jars. They spoke much of the local dialect.When sitting around, she loved listening to them 9________ (soft) talking to each other in their language. Occupied with teaching, she had no time for social activities.Instead, she often joined their family party. She felt it was 10________ privilege to spend a day with them.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
9．softly　此处应用副词作状语。故填softly。
10．a　句意为：她觉得和他们在一起度过一天是一种荣幸。it is a privilege to do sth为固定用法，意为“做某事是一种荣幸”。故填a。
答案及解析
8．to adjust　句意为：他们的小屋里太暗了，以至于人的眼睛需要时间来适应(黑暗)。It takes/took time to do sth.为固定用法，意为“做某事需要花费时间。”故填to adjust。
体裁：说明文 题材：志愿服务
[四川乐山2022高二期末]Apart from athletes, a grand sports event is hard to hold 1________ (smooth) without volunteers. More than 19,000 volunteers are on duty 2________ (serve) the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games, who 3________ (honour) as “heroes behind the scenes”.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．smoothly　句意为：除了运动员，一场盛大的体育赛事没有志愿者是很难顺利举行的。修饰动词hold应用副词形式。故填smoothly。
2．to serve　句意为：超过1.9万名志愿者在岗为北京2022年冬奥会服务，他们被誉为“幕后英雄”。结合句意可知，此处表示目的，应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to serve。
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了2022年北京冬奥会的幕后英雄——志愿者。
答案及解析
3．are honoured　句意见上一题解析。句子描述的是一个事实，应用一般现在时；who引导定语从句，指代先行词volunteers在从句中作主语，表示复数意义，且和动
词honour之间是被动关系，故此处应用一般现在时
的被动语态，be动词应用are。故填are honoured。
The Beijing Winter Olympics are 4________ world’s first multi sport event to be held as scheduled since the outbreak of COVID 19, so the organisation and operation of the Games required highly 5________ (profession) “heroes behind the scenes”.
During the thrilling events, many warm and friendly interactions between volunteers and athletes have been shared 6________ international social media platforms. One example is a video posted by US athlete Tessa Maud, in which she said she was moved to 7________(tear) by a volunteer who greeted her at the opening ceremony of the Olympics.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
4．the　句意为：北京冬奥会是新冠肺炎疫情暴发以来世界上第一个如期举办的多项目赛事，因此，其组织和运营需要高度专业的“幕后英雄”。设空处后有序数词first，此处应用定冠词。故填the。
5．professional　句意见上一题解析。由设空处后的heroes可知，设空处应填形容词作定语；professional意为“专业的”，符合语境。故填professional。
6．on　句意为：在激动人心的比赛过程中，志愿者和运动员之间的许多热情友好的互动被分享在国际社交媒体平台上。“在……平台上”应用介词on，为固定搭配。故填on。
答案及解析
7．tears　句意为：(其中)一个例子是美国运动员特莎·莫德发布的一段视频，她在视频中说，在奥运会开幕式上，一名志愿者向她打招呼，她被感动得
流下了眼泪。be moved to tears意为“感动得流
泪”，为固定短语。故填tears。
The video has been widely spreading online and 8________ (receive) over 90,000 views on Sina Weibo.
Since the opening of the Beijing Olympic Winter Games, many stories like this have passed on warmth, friendship and solidarity. Many of the athletes said that they really enjoyed and appreciated 9________ they had experienced in China and that the thing they loved most was counting the 10________ (smile) volunteers who waved at them. Let us give these volunteers a thumbs up and a round of applause.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
9．what　句意为：许多运动员表示，他们非常喜欢和感激在中国的经历，他们最喜欢的事情是数那些微笑着向他们挥手的志愿者。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导宾语从句，引导词在从句中作宾语，表示“在中国经历的事情”，应用what来引导该从句。故填what。
8．has received　句意为：这段视频在网上广泛传播，在新浪微博上已经获得了超过9万的浏览量。此处是and连接的两个并列分句，前一个分句使用的时态是现在完成进行时，结合句意可知，设空处所在分句指“在新浪微博上已经获得了超过9万的浏览量”，所以应用现在完成时；主语The video是单数形式，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，助动词应用has。故填has received。
10．smiling　句意见上一题解析。设空处修饰名词volunteers，动词smile和volunteers之间是逻辑上的
主动关系，应用现在分词作定语。故填smiling。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
[全国乙2022]In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted：The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff’s granddaughter.
Why did they go then Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden’s book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls’ decision to go to Elkhead. A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed (牵涉) drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy’s return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism (坚忍) of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: “When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter.”
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains
A．To teach in a school.
B．To study American history.
C．To write a book.
D．To do sightseeing.
2．What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3
A．They enjoyed much respect.
B．They had a room with a bathtub.
C．They lived with the local kids.
D．They suffered severe hardships.
答案及解析
1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one room schoolhouse可知，她们去这里的目的是教书。故选A项。
【语篇导读】本文以书评的形式，介绍了作家多萝西·威肯登在自己的小说中讲述奶奶年轻时和另一个女孩去一个偏远贫穷的小村落教书所经历的苦难的故事。本文作者对这部小说和小说作者给予了很高的评价。
2．D　推理判断题。根据第三段内容可知，她们像当地人一样，几乎没有隐私，很少洗澡，早晨醒来时被褥上覆盖着一层雪，早晨常看到孩子们被冻哭。春天，雪被泥土替代，覆盖在冰上。由此可知，她们在那里吃了很多苦。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．Which part of Wickenden’s writing is hair raising
A．The extreme climate of Auburn.
B．The living conditions in Elkhead.
C．The railroad building in the Rockies.
D．The natural beauty of the West.
4．What is the text
A．A news report. B．A book review.
C．A children's story. D．A diary entry.
3．C　细节理解题。根据第四段中的A hair raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.可知，作品中的建设铁路的情节涉及(施工队)在天昏地暗的暴风雪中钻孔的情景，故作品中的建设铁路的情节非常惊险。故选C项。
4．B　推理判断题。根据第一段尾句和第四段中的In Wickenden’s book以及第五段首句Wickenden is a very good storyteller.可知，本文是一篇书评，对威肯登的书进行评价。故选B项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
[山东淄博2022高二期末]In recent years, scientists have found a surprising phenomenon: In many cultures around the world, parents don’t struggle to raise helpful, kind kids.From ages 2 to 18, kids want to help their families.They wake up in the morning, voluntarily do the dishes, hop off their bikes to help their dad carry groceries into the house and when somebody hands them a cake, they share it with their younger sister or brother before taking a bite themselves.You can find these charitable kids among farmers, hunters and fishermen.
During the past four years, I’ve been interested in learning what these parents are doing to nurture such helpfulness in their kids.While doing the research, I travelled to three of the world’s most honoured cultures—the Maya, Inuit and Hadzabe, and describe what I found in my new book—Hunt, Gather, Parent.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Supported by psychologists, my research result shows that parents raising helpful children welcome young children and babies into family chores and work—even if the child will make a bit of a mess or slow down the work, just opposite to many of American parents. What they say is that, “I know they are not going to do a good job, but to create more work for me.” In fact, turning down help from kids can have a bad influence, destroying their desire to help and possibly stop their desire to take care of their families.
“Given requests at an early age, the children would start to act on what's needed, and then the less likely parents need to be telling them what to do later,” says Lew Levy, a psychologist in Harvard University. “You can pull back from the teaching, and kids just do it on their own.” But how does a parent let a young baby help with a task they can’t actually do yet—especially a task that may be too dangerous for them You can find specific instructions in the following chapter.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What does the underlined word “charitable” mean in Paragraph 1
A．Selfish. B．Dependent.
C．Helpful. D．Curious.
2．Which of the following best describes the parents raising helpful children
A．Patient and serious.
B．Open minded and thoughtful.
C．Influential and risky.
D．Hard working and adventurous.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在某些文化中，孩子都乐于助人。作者就其原因进行了调查和分析。
1．C　词义猜测题。根据第一段中的In many cultures around the world, parents don’t struggle to raise helpful, kind kids.From ages 2 to 18, kids want to help their families.They… they share it with their younger sister or brother before taking a bite themselves.可知，这些孩子愿意分享，乐于助人，由此推知，下文these charitable kids中的形容词charitable在此处是指“乐于助人的；慷慨大方的”，和helpful含义相近。故选C项。
2．B　推理判断题。根据第三段中的my research result shows that parents raising helpful children welcome young children and babies into family chores and work—even if the child will make a bit of a mess or slow down the work可推知，养育乐于助人的孩子的父母对孩子参与家庭琐事和工作持开放态度，
且考虑得更全面。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What do Lew Levy’s words mean
A．Children just act on what their parents tell them to do.
B．Parents should allow kids to do whatever they want.
C．Parents are unlikely to tell children what to do at an early age.
D．Children are more voluntary when given requests at a young age.
4．Which is the best title for the text
A．How Can We Parents Care About Kids
B．How to Be Kind Parents
C．The Helpful Children in Some Cultures
D．The Growing Experiences of Helpful Children
3．D　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Given requests at an early age, the children would start to act on what’s needed… telling them what to do later可推知，在孩子很小的时候，如果有人提出要求，他们会更加自愿去做事情。故选D项。
4．C　主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文主要介绍了在某些文化中，孩子都乐于助人，作者就其原因进行了调查和分析，所以“在某些文化中乐于助人的孩子”是作者研究的对象，也是文章的最佳标题。故选C项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
[河南郑州2022高二期中]People take up volunteering for different reasons. Some want to “give something back” while others want to meet new people or learn new skills.__1__
Choose a charity or organisation. Firstly, what sort of organisation do you want to help __2__ And perhaps you have been affected by some of the problems that a charity aims to support, like children who need help. Many local schools rely on volunteers who come regularly to read with the children or help with their maths.
__3__ Once you have decided where you want to volunteer, you then have to decide what sort of volunteer work you want to do.Think about your existing skills: Do you prefer hands on work Are you good at dealing with people Do you have a background in paperwork Charities need volunteers to work in shops, organise or manage money raising events, or, in the case of animal charities, walk dogs.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Find a position. Most charities have a website with a section aimed at attracting potential volunteers and they advertise specific roles available.__4__ In this case, you would usually need to phone or visit their offices to find out how you can help.You will be welcomed with open arms!
Apply for suitable positions. Be prepared with information about your previous (or current) employment and the sort of skills you have, so that the charity can match you to the most appropriate role.You might think that you have no such skills.__5__ Ask your friends and loved ones what they think you have to offer.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
A．Decide on the kind of work.
B．Don’t let your lack of confidence stop you.
C．You might have a particular charity in mind.
D．Consider how much time you want to commit.
E．Without them, they wouldn't carry out their work.
F．But smaller charities might not have money to do this.
G．Whatever the reason, you need to make some decisions.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了成为一名志愿者需要作出的一些决定。
答案及解析
2．C　根据段落主题句Choose a charity or organisation.可知，本段内容和选择慈善机构有关。C项中的a particular charity和上文的Choose a charity对应，因此C项(你可能心中有一个特别的慈善机构)符合语境。故选C项。
1．G　根据上文People take up volunteering for different reasons.Some want to “give something back” while others want to meet new people or learn new skills.和下文Choose a charity or organisation.可知，设空处承上启下，说明成为一名志愿者需要作出一些选择。G项中的Whatever the reason和上文中的different reasons对应，make some decisions和下文中的Choose对应，因此G项(不管出于什么原因，你都需要作一些决定)符合语境。故选G项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
答案及解析
5．B　根据上文You might think that you have no such skills.可知，你可能觉得自己没有对应的技能而缺乏自信，B项 (不要让你的缺乏自信阻止你)对上文进行补充说明，符合语境。故选B项。
3．A　由文章结构可知，设空处为段落主题句。根据下文Once you have decided where you want to volunteer, you then have to decide what sort of volunteer work you want to do.可知，本段主要讲的是决定自己工作的类型。A项(决定工作的类型)与下文中的decide what sort of volunteer work对应。故选A项。
4．F　根据上文Most charities have a website with a section aimed at attracting potential volunteers and they advertise specific roles available.和下文In this case, you would usually need to phone or visit their offices to find out how you can help.可知，设空处和上文形成转折关系，说明较小的机构可能没有钱建立自己的网站，因此F项 (但较小的慈善机构可能没有钱这样做)符合语境，承上启下。故选F项。
Period Ⅱ Learning About Language & Using Language
02
1．The last two decades has witnessed Macao’s boom and ________ (stable) on the basis of China’s “one country, two systems” policy.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
stability
句意为：近二十年见证了澳门在中国的“一国两制”政策基础上的繁荣和稳定。此处作宾语，且与前面的名词boom为and连接的并列成分，形式应保持一致，所以应用名词形式。故填stability。
2．People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often random rather than based on fixed________ (criterion).
criteria
句意为：人们抱怨批准或拒绝某一许可证的决定常常是随意的，而不是基于固定的标准。criterion是可数名词，此处表示不止一个标准，所以应用复数形式。故填criteria。
解析
解析
3．Both doctors and nursing staff are available for __________ (consult).
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：医生和护理人员都可以咨询。此处作介词for的宾语，应用名词。故填consultation。
4．Apart from it, Xinjiang is in possession of many ________ (appeal) tourist spots, attracting a good number of visitors at home and abroad.
句意为：除此之外，新疆拥有许多吸引人的旅游景点，吸引了许多国内外的游客。设空处作定语，修饰名词短语tourist spots，应用形容词；appealing意为“吸引人的”。
consultation
appealing
解析
解析
5．I relayed the same advice ________ him, but he wouldn’t listen.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
to
句意为：我向他转达了同样的建议，但他不会听。relay sth to sb 为固定搭配，意为“向某人转达某事”。故填to。
6．As teachers, you must believe that you can make a great difference________ your students.
to
句意为：身为教师，你们必须相信你们能够对学生产生很大影响。make a difference to… 为固定搭配，意为“对……产生影响”。故填to。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．It had rained solidly for 10 days prior ________ my arrival and so the falls were at their most spectacular.
句意为：在我到达之前，已经连续下了10天的雨，所以这时的瀑布是最壮观的。prior to… 是固定短语，意为“在……之前”。故填to。
to
8．Many masks were provided for clinic doctors, who were also exposed to patients that possibly ____________ (contract) COVID 19.
had contracted
句意为：许多口罩已提供给门诊医生，他们也接触了可能已经感染了新型冠状病毒肺炎的患者。contract在此是that引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，先于who引导的非限制性定语从句的谓语were also exposed这一动作，即表示“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时。故填had contracted。
解析
解析
9．It is those who are willing to give rather than receive that deserve __________ (respect).
respecting
to be respected
10．The boy was bathing in the river ________ a crocodile attacked him.
when
句意为：值得被尊重的是那些愿意给予而不是接受的人。deserve doing... 是固定用法，表示“值得被……”，用主动形式表示被动含义，故填respecting。deserve to do sth是固定用法，表示“值得做某事”，本句为强调句，句子的主语为those，指人，与动词respect之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故用不定式的被动式，故填to be respected。
句意为：那个男孩正在河里洗澡，这时一条鳄鱼袭击了他。考查句式be doing… when…，意为“正在做……，这时……”。 故填when。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
体裁：议论文 题材：社会责任
[江苏南通2022高二段测]Apart from personal development, it is also important 1________ (assume) responsibility for the betterment of society. Society is 2________ organic whole, and as social beings, we have a responsibility to make a contribution. You may 3________ (hear) the story of a small boy who tried to save starfish left on the beach after a storm by throwing them back into the sea.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．to assume　句意为：除了个人发展，为改善社会承担责任也很重要。it is important to do sth为固定句式，应用不定式作句子真正的主语，assume应用不定式形式。故填to assume。
2．an　句意为：社会是一个有机的整体，作为社会人，我们有责任作出贡献。此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，且organic 的发音是元音音素开头，应用an。故填an。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了除了个人发展，为自己的行为承担责任对改善社会也很重要。共同努力，我们将有能力逐步而持续地推动我们的社会进步。
答案及解析
3．have heard　句意为：你可能听说过一个小男孩的故事，他试图把风暴过后留在海滩上的海星扔回海里以拯
救它们。此处表示对过去的推测，应用“情态动词+
have done”结构。故填 have heard。
People passing by told him that he was wasting his time, for he could not 4________ (possible) save them all.However, the boy was not discouraged, believing that he could make a difference to the ones 5______ he saved. As a result, the 6________ (passer by) felt inspired and joined him in saving the starfish.Similarly, the little things you do can make a difference! For example, picking up garbage around your neighbourhood contributes to a 7________ (clean) environment.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．that　句意为：然而，男孩并不气馁，他相信自己可以改变他所拯救的海星。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为ones，设空处在从句中作宾语，应用关系代词that。故填that。
6．passers by　句意为：结果，过路的人受到鼓舞，加入他一起拯救海星。passer by为可数名词，根据语境可知，此处应用复数形式。故填passers by。
7．cleaner　句意为：例如，在你所住街区附近捡垃圾有助于创造一个更清洁的环境。此处暗含比较的含义，应用形容词比较级作定语。故填 cleaner。从句。
4．possibly　句意为：路过的人告诉他，他是在浪费时间，因为他不可能拯救所有的海星。此处修饰动词 save，作状语，应用副词。故填 possibly。
答案及解析
Reporting a 8________ (speed) car helps ensure road safety. Being energy efficient leads to savings of our precious natural resources. Doing volunteer work at a local nursing home brings love and 9________ (warm) to the elderly. Just like the “starfish boy”, you may even inspire people around you to do the same, which is an added bonus. Work together, 10________ we’ll have the power to gradually but continuously advance our society.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
9．warmth　句意为：在当地一家养老院做志愿者工作给老人们带来了爱和温暖。此处作宾语，与 love 并列，应用名词。故填warmth。
10．and　句意为：共同努力，我们将有能力逐步而持续地推动我们的社会进步。此句是“祈使句＋and＋简单句”这一固定句式。故填and。
答案及解析
8．speeding　句意为：报告一辆超速行驶的汽车有助于确保道路安全。分析句子结构可知，speed在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语car之间构成主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填 speeding。
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
Jamie Whitmore, 43, isn’t used to slowing down.The professional athlete who became a gold medallist in the Olympics for the disabled has never met a challenge she couldn’t overcome, whether it was a mountain bike race or cancer.
One morning in 2007, Whitmore found her leg muscles were tight when going for a jog.Thinking she’d pushed herself too hard in the last race, she ignored the pain. Later at a sports camp in Arizona, she realised something was wrong.“Once I got on my bike I was so painful that it was hard to lift my legs. I flew back home to go to hospital.” What doctors found shocked them all：Whitmore had a soft tissue tumour (肿瘤) that started in the bone, and the tumour wrapped around her nerves of waist, touching several vital organs.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
After the surgery, Whitmore had to learn to walk again with the help of a physical doctor.She also started radiation treatment, but four months later, doctors had worse news：A scan showed the cancer was back.“This time it was more aggressive.Doctors took the rest of my nerves in the waist, and removed some tumours from my tailbone.” Whitmore developed sepsis (脓毒症) from the surgery and endured a two month recovery.“My scans were coming back, showing I was clear of cancer, but now I had all of these other complications (并发症).”
Today, Whitmore is a mother and cancer free.She has won a gold medal in the Paralympics, and has set two world records. Whitmore has some advice for others with limitations: “Never let anyone tell you what you can and cannot do. You have to find out yourself. Some doctors told me I would never ride anything more than a stationary bike. And yet I rode my mountain bike 104 miles climbing from 9,000 feet to 14,000 feet. You just can’t give up.”
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
1．What’s Whitmore’s first reaction to her leg pain
A．She was very scared.
B．She thought nothing of it.
C．She related it to cancer.
D．She thought of a muscle tumour.
2．What does the author intend to tell us in Paragraph 3
A．What Whitmore has suffered.
B．How Whitmore reacted to cancer.
C．What Whitmore planned to perform.
D．What Whitmore thought of the treatment.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了残奥会金牌获得者杰米·惠特莫尔对山地自行车赛的坚持和她与癌症抗争的经历。凭借着永不放弃的精神，她克服了种种困难，成为生活中的强者。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Thinking she’d pushed herself too hard in the last race, she ignored the pain.可知，惠特莫尔对腿痛的第一反应是觉得没有大碍。故选B项。
2．A　主旨大意题。根据第三段中的learn to walk again; started radiation treatment, but four months later, doctors had worse news; it was more aggressive; Whitmore developed sepsis 等内容可知，第三段主要讲述了惠特莫尔所遭受的病痛。故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷阅读理解
3．Who does the underlined part in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．People living with cancer.
B．People short of virtues.
C．People without good luck.
D．People with disabilities.
4．Which one of the following best describes Whitmore
A．Humorous and unhealthy.
B．Outgoing and honest.
C．Strong minded and optimistic.
D．Determined and naughty.
答案及解析
3．D　词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句前一句中的She has won a gold medal in the Paralympics和第一段中的a gold medallist in the Olympics for the disabled可知，惠特莫尔赢得了残奥会金牌，由此可推断，此处指的是她想给同她一样的残疾人一些忠告。故选D项。
4．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Never let anyone tell you what you can and cannot do… And yet I rode my mountain bike 104 miles climbing from 9,000 feet to 14,000 feet.You just can't give up.”并结合全文内容可推断，惠特莫尔是一位意志坚强且乐观的人。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
[黑龙江大庆铁人中学2021高二月考]Next week, Pushpa Nagaraj will appear for her 720th exam.But she won't be taking the exam for herself. Since 2007, she has helped hundreds of visually challenged students take exams by acting as their scribe (抄写员), reading them the questions and then writing down the answers they give.
When Ms Nagaraj was growing up in Bangalore, the IT capital of India, her father lost his job after a back injury.The family suddenly found itself struggling. She thought she’d have to drop out of school. Luckily, her mother managed to raise enough money to educate her through high school. Today, she’s a project coordinator for an IT firm.
One day, as she was helping a few visually damaged children cross the road, it struck her how difficult even everyday tasks could be for them, let alone finishing their education.Ms Nagaraj wanted to help those children.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
In India, most children with sight challenges do not have access to specialised schooling.Even for those who attend mainstream classes, timed exams—key for Indian educational institutions, where scores are especially important—present additional difficulties.“Many of them balk at the thought of writing exams and drop out,” says Ms Sundararaman, a local education expert.“And so, their education comes to a sudden stop, midway.” Having a scribe can be the difference between passing and failing.
Over the past 12 years, word about Ms Nagaraj’s work has spread—so much that she now gets requests from people from all over India.She has also set up a network of volunteers that posts requests through a WhatsApp group.
Ms Nagaraj is keenly aware of ongoing challenges, the chief of which is that, every once in a while, she has to refuse requests from students to give them the answers during exams.Another challenge is to expand the circle of scribes. Despite these, she is very grateful for having the opportunity to help others. “I have no complaints. Actually, I feel very blessed,” she says.
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1.What do we know about Ms Nagaraj from Paragraph 2
A.She suffered from a back injury.
B.She struggled to finish her high school.
C.She raised enough money from an IT firm. D.She had to work to help support her family.
2.What does the underlined word “balk” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A.Become hesitant. B.Feel unsatisfied.
C.Are hopeful. D.Are surprised.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文为一篇记叙文，主要讲述了一位名叫纳加拉杰的印度女士致力于做志愿抄写员，帮助盲人学生在考场上读题和记录答案，使他们得以继续接受教育的故事。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的She thought she’d have to drop out of school. Luckily, her mother managed to raise enough money to educate her through high school.可知，纳加拉杰艰难地完成了高中学业。故选B项。
2．A　词义猜测题。根据画线词上文In India, most children with sight challenges do not have access to specialised schooling. Even for those who attend mainstream classes, timed exams—key for Indian educational institutions, where scores are especially important—present additional difficulties.以及后文And so, their education comes to a sudden stop, midway.可知，对盲人学生来说，考试中如果没有抄写员的帮助是很难完成考试的，尤其
在印度的教育机构很重视考试分数的情况下，因此他
们一想到要参加笔试就会变得很犹豫，进而辍学。
故画线词意为“变得犹豫”。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3.What challenge does Ms Nagaraj have to overcome
A.The limited number of scribes.
B.The large quantity of exams to take.
C.The request to repeat questions in the exam.
D.The building of a network of volunteers.
4.What’s the text mainly about
A.An Indian woman breaking the record in taking exams.
B.The importance of setting up an organisation for scribes.
C.The problems of students dropping out of school in India.
D.An Indian woman helping disabled children by being a scribe.
3．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Another challenge is to expand the circle of scribes.可推知，纳加拉杰女士必须克服的挑战是抄写员的数量有限。故选A项。
4．D　主旨大意题。根据第一段Next week, Pushpa Nagaraj will appear for her 720th exam.But she won't be taking the exam for herself… and then writing down the answers they give.并结合全文可知，本文主要讲述了印度的纳加拉杰女士致力于做志愿抄写员，帮助盲人学生在考场上读题和记录答案，使他们得以继续接受教育的故事。由此可知，D项(一位印度女士当抄写员来帮助残疾儿童)最能概括本文主旨。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
One rainy afternoon I was sitting at home feeling so bored.__1__ feeling sorry for myself, I wanted to meet more people and have new __2__. So I decided to start volunteering.I found a website where I could apply for the job of volunteering on a farm in France.
Volunteering offers me so many opportunities to have fun and share __3__ stories. It was the first time for me to work on a farm.It was almost a free holiday as food and accommodation were provided. It was not one __4__ holiday, however, as I had to __5__ fifteen horses! I soon discovered that I was a(n) __6__ farmer but it did not matter because I made some great friends and also improved my French.
1．A．Apart from B．Due to
C．Instead of D．But for
2．A．experiences B．discoveries
C．opportunities D．changes
3．A．popular B．fantastic
C．familiar D．important
4．A．unique B．difficult
C．typical D．convenient
5．A．attend to B．research into
C．hunt for D．communicate with
6．A．skilful B．suitable
C．hard working D．awful
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
However, you do not __7__ go abroad to volunteer.I have had plenty of adventures at home as volunteering can become a __8__. For example, I love singing so I had a good laugh waving my arms in order to __9__ my local choir.At university, I organised a concert for charity with my friends.It was really __10__ to find bands and raise money for a cause.
7．A．normally B．basically
C．naturally D．necessarily
8．A．hobby B．trend
C．job D．reality
9．A．greet B．control
C．organise D．conduct
10．A．powerful B．hopeful
C．meaningful D．successful
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
It is true that you feel good to volunteer but there are also other__11__. I once volunteered as a steward (干事) at a sports event where the organisers generously gave me some cupcakes from an expensive London bakery to thank me for my __12__.I also volunteered in a charity shop so I found loads of nice cheap clothes to __13__ my wardrobe (衣柜).
While this is all fun, my favourite aspect of volunteering is __14__ and sharing stories.My terrible __15__ at farming has given me some funny stories to tell!
11．A．adventures B．advantages
C．factors D．achievements
12．A．service B．patience
C．determination D．generosity
13．A．decorate B．replace
C．beautify D．update
14．A．creating B．imagining
C．choosing D．completing
15．A．offence B．shame
C．attempt D．annoyance
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己从事志愿者工作的经历，并分享了做志愿工作所收获的快乐。
1．C　根据下文So I decided to start volunteering.可知，作者决定开始做志愿工作，而不是自怨自艾。故选C项。
2．A　根据空前I wanted to meet more people可知，作者想遇到更多的人并拥有新的经历。故选A项。
3．B　根据下文funny stories to tell可知，此处表示分享精彩的故事。故选B项。
4．C　根据下文however, as I had to ________ fifteen horses 可知，作者必须照料十五匹马。因而，这不是一个平常的假期。故选C项。
5．A　根据上文可知，作者去农场做志愿者，应该是照料农场里的马。attend to意为“照顾；照料”；research into意为“研究”；hunt for意为“寻找”；communicate with意为“和……交流”。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
6．D　根据下文My terrible ________ at farming has given me some funny stories to tell！可知，作者发现自己是一个糟糕的农民。故选D项。
7．D　根据下文I have had plenty of adventures at home as volunteering can become a ________．可知，此处指不一定要去国外从事志愿工作。故选D项。
8．A　根据下文For example, I love singing so I had a good laugh waving my arms in order to ________ my local choir.可知，志愿工作可以成为一种爱好。故选A项。
9．D　根据空前I had a good laugh waving my arms以及空后my local choir可知，作者应该是挥舞着胳膊指挥当地的合唱团。故选D项。
10．C　根据常识可知，为慈善事业寻找乐队和筹集资金是很有意义的事情。故选C项。
Part Ⅱ　拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
11．B　根据下文I once volunteered… I also volunteered… 列举的作者的其他志愿工作经历可知，当志愿者还有其他的好处。故选B项。
12．A　根据上文I once volunteered as a steward at a sports event可知，组织者给作者杯形蛋糕是为了感谢作者的志愿服务。故选A项。
13．D　根据空前I found loads of nice cheap clothes可知，作者在慈善商店找到许多漂亮、便宜的衣服来为自己添置衣服，更新自己的衣橱。故选D项。
14．A　根据下文My terrible ________ at farming has given me some funny stories to tell！可知，对于志愿工作，作者最喜欢的方面是创造并分享故事。故选A项。
15．C　根据上文It was the first time for me to work on a farm.可知，此处指作者在农场工作的糟糕尝试。故选C项。
【方法总结】根据上下文推断最佳选项
完形填空的解题技巧之一就是要根据上下文来推理出最佳选项。考生在做题时要遵循“上下求索”的原则来查找信息。例如本篇第14小题，就要根据下文信息来推断。
　单元限时作业
03
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
A
[山东师大附中2022高二期中]You might have ever noticed how some people can effortlessly talk to anyone they meet, no matter how different their backgrounds are.Or you may have seen that one person always offends someone, no matter what the topic of conversation is.These two situations describe how we can differ in our abilities to interact with, get along with, and relate to others around us.In the same way that we vary in traditional academic competencies, we can vary in how socially competent we are.After years of academic research and development, this social ability is now commonly referred to as “social intelligence”.
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
Social intelligence is the ability to understand other people, how they work, what motivates them, and how to work cooperatively with them.It is a relationship based construct that centres on the way we understand others, interact with others, and present ourselves to others. As an example, you would not speak in the same way towards your 70 year old mother as you would to your 16 year old daughter.In our working lives, we come across different social groups including those from different countries, various age groups and cultural identities.Being able to acknowledge and understand people’s different backgrounds is a key way to connect with them.
Our ability to navigate successfully through our lives relies heavily on our levels of social intelligence.It can affect the relationships we form with our partners and children, the friendship circles that we build, and our ability to progress in our careers and ambitions.Given the importance of social intelligence in multiple aspects of life, it is therefore in our best interest to better understand the concept of social intelligence and take some ways to improve it.
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
1．What is the first paragraph intended to show
A．Academic research varies from person to person.
B．Social competencies are crucial to academic research.
C．Social competencies are of difference from person to person.
D．Academic research shows peop10le's social competencies.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了社交智力的概念，以及人们在社交智力上的差异性。社交智力对人们的家庭和睦、友谊的维护和事业发展有着很大的影响。
1．C　推理判断题。根据第一段中的These two situations describe how we can differ in our abilities to interact with, get along with, and relate to others around us.In the same way that we vary in traditional academic competencies, we can vary in how socially competent we are.After years of academic research and development, this social ability is now commonly referred to as “social intelligence”．可知，本段主要想表明人们在社交智力上有差异。故选C项。
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
2．Why does the author use the example of the mother and daughter
A．To present a fact.
B．To justify an idea.
C．To introduce a topic.
D．To draw a conclusion.
2．B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的Social intelligence is the ability to understand other people, how they work, what motivates them, and how to work cooperatively with them.It is a relationship based construct that centres on the way we understand others, interact with others, and present ourselves to others. As an example, you would not speak in the same way towards your 70 year old mother as you would to your 16 year old daughter.可知，本段在介绍社交智力的概念，并以同一个人对母亲和对女儿的互动方式不同为例，形象地对社交智力的概念作出解释。故选B项。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
3．What do we know from the third paragraph
A．It is difficult to develop social intelligence. B．Our relationship circles should be enlarged.
C．Better understanding a concept is important. D．Social intelligence has great effects on our lives.
4．What may be talked about following the last paragraph
A．How to define social intelligence.
B．How to classify social intelligence.
C．How to improve social intelligence.
D．How to deal with social intelligence.
3．D　细节理解题。根据第三段第一、二句Our ability to navigate successfully through our lives relies heavily on our levels of social intelligence.It can affect the relationships we form with our partners and children, the friendship circles that we build, and our ability to progress in our careers and ambitions.可知，社交智力对我们的生活有很大影响，它会影响到家庭和睦，也会影响到与朋友之间的关系，以及事业的发展。故选D项。
4．C　推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句Given the importance of social intelligence in multiple aspects of life, it is therefore in our best interest to better understand the concept of social intelligence and take some ways to improve it.可知，因为社交智力对我们生活的许多
方面都很重要，所以我们应该采取一些方法来提
高它，由此可推知，接下来的段落可能介绍如何
提高社交智力。故选C项。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
B
[陕西西安2022高二期末]The lack of clues left behind by ancient Americans has made it difficult for researchers to determine precisely when humans first arrived on the continent. However, it has always been believed to be about 13,000 years ago.Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30,000 years ago.
Dr Ciprian Ardelean, of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010. Getting to the cave located 2,740 metres above sea level required a 45 minute truck ride to the base and an uphill climb over a rough terrain.However, Dr Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016 and 2017.
The archaeologists’ efforts revealed many artefacts including over 1,900 stone tools from multiple layers of the cave. The scientists found that most of the tools were between 13,000 and 16,000 years old. However, 239 artefacts unearthed from the deepest layer of the cave dated back an astonishing 30,000 years!
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
While the genetic material gained in the cave was only plant and animal DNA, the team did find evidence of sulphur, potassium and zinc elements that could indicate human activities such as killing animals. Dr Ardelean says the absence of human DNA confirms that the early people visited the cave for short periods of time.
The researchers are unsure of the ancient humans’ origins or the path they took to get to America. They guess the groups were tribes (部落) who moved from place to place and went extinct at some point during their migrations. Dr Ardelean says, “We don’t know who they were, where they came from or where they went. They’re a complete enigma. We falsely assume that the native populations in the Americas today are direct descendants from the earliest Americans, but now we don’t think that is the case.” Archaeologist Loren Davis, from Oregon State University, is unsure that the artefacts recovered are tools. The researcher says, “If it’s true that people were in Zacatecas 32,000 years ago, that changes everything—it more than doubles the time people have been in the Americas.I’m not going to say it's impossible, but if all they found are broken rocks without any hard evidence, it's natural for people to challenge the conclusion.”
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
1．What did Dr Ciprian Ardelean do
A．He sold hundreds of artefacts.
B．He explored the cave four times.
C．He made the cave world known.
D．He collected artefacts from the cave.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项考古发现，墨西哥中部萨卡特卡斯的奇基韦特洞穴中发掘的物品似乎表明，史前人类可能早在3万年前就生活在北美。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Dr Ciprian Ardelean, of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas, who led the groundbreaking research, first became aware of the cave in May 2010.以及最后一句However, Dr Ardelean and his team found enough clues to make the difficult journey three additional times—in 2012, 2016 and 2017.可知，阿代尔利安博士第一次去这个洞穴是在2010年5月，然后又在2012年、2016年和2017年各去了一次，所以他探索了这个洞穴四次。故选B项。
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
2．What shakes the traditional belief concerning North America
A．Metal elements unearthed from the cave
B．Plant and animal DNA discovered in the cave.
C．The artefacts from the cave's deepest layer.
D．The artefacts from the upper layers of the cave.
3．What does the underlined word “enigma” in Paragraph 5 mean
A．Problem. B．Breakthrough.
C．Appeal. D．Mystery.
答案及解析
3．D　词义猜测题。根据画线词前一句We don’t know who they were, where they came from or where they went.可知，科学家们不了解古代人类的情况。因此画线词的意思为“谜”。故选D项。
2．C　细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，从洞穴中挖掘出来的1,900多件石器中，大部分都有1.3万年到1.6万年的历史，然而从洞穴最深处出土的239件人工制品可以追溯到3万年前。由此可知，从洞穴最深处发现的人工制品动摇了北美的传统观念。故选C项。
单元限时作业
刷阅读理解
4．In which column of a newspaper can we read this passage
A．Archaeology. B．Anecdote.
C．Travel. D．Literature.
4．A　推理判断题。通读全文并结合第一段最后一句Now, evidence from the Chiquihuite Cave in Zacatecas, Central Mexico, seems to suggest that prehistoric humans may have been living in North America as early as 30,000 years ago.可知，文章介绍了一项考古发现，因此最有可能在报纸的考古专栏中读到这篇文章。故选A项。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷7选5
[四川绵阳南山中学2022高二月考]Do you often listen to music at loud volume You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing, according to the World Health Organization (WHO)．
Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss due to listening to loud noises for long periods of time, WHO said. __1__
The United Nations has standards of safe listening.It is not safe to listen to sounds that are louder than 85 decibels (dB，分贝) for eight hours or 100 dB for 15 minutes.The sound of a busy road is about 85 dB and the sound of a rock concert can be about 100 dB.
单元限时作业
刷7选5
__2__ Most of us are born with about 16,000 hair cells (听毛细胞) in our inner ears.These cells detect sounds.However, listening to loud noises for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die. __3__
Some people might think that their music isn’t all that loud. __4__ For example, if you are in a noisy place like the subway, you might turn up your music too loud without realising it.Later, when you listen to it at the same volume in a quiet place, it may sound uncomfortably loud.
WHO said the “safe level” for most sound is below 80 decibels for up to 40 hours a week. __5__
单元限时作业
刷7选5
A．This is what causes hearing loss.
B．But this can depend on where you are.
C．Loud noises are harmful to the inner ear.
D．There are different ways to protect your hearing.
E．A level of 80 decibels is roughly equal to the noise of a subway.
F．Young people are more sensitive to different sounds than elder people.
G．Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volume can harm your hearing.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
单元限时作业
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在大音量下听音乐对听力有害。世界卫生组织称超过10亿的年轻人有听力丧失的风险，因为他们长时间在大音量下听音乐。长时间听大音量的声音可能会造成听毛细胞的死亡，这就是人们听力丧失的原因。
答案及解析
1．G　第一段第二句提到You should know that this habit is bad for your hearing，且第一段通过询问是否有在大音量下听音乐的习惯展开下文，下文应提到一些不好的习惯；同时第二段提到Over 1 billion young people are at risk of hearing loss due to listening to loud noises for long periods of time，由此判断下文中应提到具体的伤害听力的行为。G项(在大音量下听音乐或观看电视节目会伤害你的听力)符合语境，其中Listening to music or watching a TV show at loud volume都是损害听力的行为。故选G项。
2．C　该空需选择一句段首总起句。根据空后的Most of us are born with about 16,000 hair cells in our inner ears.These cells… cause some of them to die.可知，本段主要介绍大音量对内耳的伤害。C项(大的声音对内耳有伤害)符合语境，其中the inner ear与下文呼应。故选C项。
单元限时作业
刷7选5
答案及解析
3．A　该空需选择一句段尾总结句。上文listening to loud noises for a long time can make these cells work too hard and cause some of them to die提到了听毛细胞死亡的原因，A项(这就是导致听力丧失的原因)符合语境，其中hearing loss是关键，与上文构成明显的因果关系。故选A项。
4．B　该段首句提到Some people might think that their music isn’t all that loud.，并在下文列举了两个地点subway和a quiet place说明在不同的地方听相同音量的音乐给人的感觉有所不同。B项(但这取决于你所在的地方)符合语境，其中But与上文构成转折关系，且该选项中的where you are呼应下文中的两个地点。故选B项。
5．E　根据最后一段第一句WHO said the “safe level” for most sound is below 80 decibels for up to 40 hours a week.可知，E项(80分贝的音量水平大致相当于地铁的声音)符合语境，其中A level of 80 decibels与上文中提到的80 decibels呼应，且E项是对上文“safe level”的解释说明。故选E项。
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
When our girls are brave, they are free to explore in their learning and in life.That exploration leads to the __1__ of their talents, passions and weaknesses.On Saturday night we saw one of our students act so bravely that it took my __2__ away.
One of the lead characters of our show, Blue Stockings, was played by a science teacher, Ben Walker. __3__, Ben broke his nose very badly playing football on Saturday and consequently couldn’t perform. Ella Jones, an eleventh grade student and part of the cast, who __4__ to rest on Saturday, was __5__ to play Ben’s role.
1．A．discovery B．change
C．growth D．control
2．A．pain B．breath
C．faith D．concern
3．A．Secretly B．Hopefully
C．Unsurprisingly D．Unfortunately
4．A．refused B．decided
C．happened D．promised
5．A．asked B．forced
C．trained D．reminded
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
Think about that.She had three hours’ notice, playing a role of a __6__ she had never played before, in front of a paying audience, and if she couldn’t __7__, she would reduce the impact of the whole play. Not the end of the world, but it would be __8__ for all concerned.
6．A．director B．woman
C．man D．teacher
7．A．take it away B．look it up
C．make it out D．carry it off
8．A．encouraging B．disappointing
C．rewarding D．amusing
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
I would have __9__, but Ella rose to the __10__. She said, “I was astonished; __11__, I figured the show must go on and I wanted to __12__. I wasn’t scared until I arrived at the theatre and realised how much there was to __13__. It wasn’t just about lines, but it was the stagecraft (舞台表演技巧).”
9．A．run B．agreed
C．shared D．failed
10．A．power B．challenge
C．danger D．threat
11．A．besides B．therefore
C．however D．instead
12．A．win B．quit
C．resist D．help
13．A．put away B．hand in
C．work out D．take over
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
Asked how the show __14__, Ella said, “It was amazing, and the audience seemed to love the male character I played for the first time.” She added, “Just because you’re scared doesn’t mean you can’t be __15__. Anyway, I made it.”
14．A．sounded B．improved
C．started D．went
15．A．brave B．proud
C．calm D．shy
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是因为科学老师本受伤不能参加表演，女学生埃拉临时代替本扮演一个男性角色，尽管这件事有难度，但埃拉最终取得了成功。
1．A　根据空前的That exploration leads to和空后的of their talents, passions and weaknesses可知，此处指那种探索带来对她们的才能、激情和缺点的“发现”。故选A项。
2．B　根据语境可知，在星期六晚上，作者看到一个学生表现得如此勇敢，这使他大吃一惊。take one’s breath away意为“令某人惊叹”。故选B项。
3．D　根据空后的Ben broke his nose very badly playing football on Saturday and consequently couldn’t perform可知，本的鼻子受伤，因此他不能参加表演了，所以此处指“不幸地”。故选D项。
4．C　根据语境可知，埃拉·琼斯是一名11年级的学生，碰巧周六休息，她被要求代替本扮演他的角色。此处指“碰巧”休息。故选C项。
答案及解析
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
5．A　根据语境可知，埃拉·琼斯被要求代替本扮演他的角色。故选A项。
6．C　根据最后一段中的Ella said, “It was amazing, and the audience seemed to love the male character I played for the first time.”可知，埃拉扮演的是一个男性角色。故选C项。
7．D　根据语境可知，因为她是临时救场的演员，如果不能成功地演完，就会影响整部戏。take away意为“拿走”；look up意为“查找”；make out意为“明白；理解”；carry off意为“成功地完成”。故选D项。
8．B　根据本句中的Not the end of the world, but可知，此处but表示转折，指对所有相关的人来说是“令人失望的”。故选B项。
9．A　根据空后的but Ella rose to the ________ 可知，此处是说，如果是作者的话，他会逃避扮演这个角色。故选A项。
10．B　根据下文可知，埃拉扮演了一位男士，所以此处是指她接受了挑战。故选B项。
单元限时作业
刷完形填空
11．C　根据语境可知，埃拉最初感到惊讶，然而她想到演出必须得继续下去。该空前后是转折关系，所以应用however。故选C项。
12．D　根据语境可知，此处是说，埃拉最初感到惊讶，然而想到演出必须得继续，她想帮这个忙。故选D项。
13．C　根据空后的 It wasn’t just about lines, but it was the stagecraft.可知，埃拉感到害怕是因为有太多的问题要解决。put away意为“把……收起；存(钱)”；hand in意为“上交；提交；呈送”；work out意为“解决；算出；制订出”；take over意为“接管；接收”。故选C项。
14．D　根据语境可知，此处是问埃拉演出进行得怎么样。故选D项。
15．A　根据第一段中的On Saturday night we saw one of our students act so bravely that it took my ________away.可知，此处是说仅仅是感到害怕这一点并不意味着你不勇敢。故选A项。
体裁：说明文　 题材：介绍说明
[河南师大附中2022高二月考]The Palace Museum has announced that all entrance tickets are now being sold online, a move 1________ (save) visitors from queuing to buy tickets at the gate.
October 2nd, 2017 was the first day the museum, also known as the Forbidden City, sold all 2________ (it) 80,000 daily tickets online.For visitors 3________ have not bought tickets in advance, museum staff will assist them to purchase tickets on their mobile devices by scanning a QR code (二维码).
单元限时作业
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．to save　句意为：故宫宣布，所有门票现在都在网上销售，此举是为了避免游客在门口排队买票。根据语境可知，名词move后面应用动词不定式作后置定语，表示目的。故填to save。
2．its　设空处修饰名词tickets，应用形容词性物主代词。故填its。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了故宫进行网上售票的情况。
答案及解析
3．who/that　分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，指代先行词visitors并在从句中作主语，应用who或that来引导。故填who/that。
4________ (base) on current sales data, between 15,000 and 20,000 tickets per day are available to be purchased on site using the QR code. That amount is approximately what was 5________ (previous) sold through 30 ticket booths in two hours.If visitors are unable to purchase their tickets online, for example the elderly, foreign tourists 6________ those who don’t open e payment, staff at the museum can book tickets online on their behalf.
单元限时作业
刷语法填空
答案及解析
4．Based　be based on为固定短语，意为“根据；以……为基础”；设空处在句中作状语，应省去be动词。故填Based。
5．previously　句意为：这个数目大约是之前两小时内通过30个售票亭售出的票数。修饰动词sold应用副词。故填previously。
6．or/and　根据语境可知， the elderly, foreign tourists以及those who don’t open e payment是列举的并列情况，既可以用“或者”连接也可以用“和”。故填or/and。
A trial of the online ticketing service began on September 25th, 2011. In Oct 2017, around 77% of the tickets 7________ (book) online.The museum began to limit daily visitors to 80,000 in June 2015, thus 8________ (prevent) excessive numbers of tourists during holiday periods.
Since 2012, the museum 9________ (receive) at least 15 million visitors each year, with 10________ number of visitors hitting 16 million in 2016.
刷语法填空
单元限时作业
8．preventing　此句的谓语为began，设空处与谓语之间无连词连接，应用非谓语动词。由thus可知，此处强调自然而然的结果，应用现在分词作结果状语。故填preventing。
9．has received　根据时间状语Since 2012可知，此处时态应为现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响。故填has received。
10．the　the number of… 为固定短语，意为“……的数量”。故填the。
答案及解析
7．were booked　分析句子结构可知，设空处为谓语，与tickets之间为被动关系，且由时间状语In Oct 2017可知，时态为一般过去时，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数概念，be动词应用were。故填were booked。
刷应用文写作
单元限时作业
假定你是李华， 你校交换生David有意加入学校阳光志愿者俱乐部 (Sunshine Club), 向你咨询相关情况，请你给他写一封回信，内容包括：
1．表示支持；
2．介绍主要志愿活动；
3．说明申请方式。
注意：1．词数80左右；
2．可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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刷应用文写作
单元限时作业
【写作提示】
1．写作要点：(1)回信表示支持；(2)活动介绍；(3)申请方式。
2．提分词句：worthwhile; be engaged in; be committed to; environmental protection; attached; regard it worthwhile to do sth; raise one's awareness of; once 引导的条件状语从句。
【参考范文】
Dear David,
Glad to know your desire to be a volunteer of the Sunshine Club. As a member, I do regard it worthwhile to be engaged in volunteering and I’m writing to give you my full support.
As for major activities, regularly, we are committed to raising funds and donations for those in need. Sometimes we hold events in the local community to raise people’s awareness of environmental protection.
Once you have decided, please fill in the application form attached and send it to me. Looking forward to your participation.
Yours,
Li Hua