外研版（2019）选择性必修 第三册Unit 5 Learning from nature课件(共58张PPT)

(共58张PPT)
Unit 5　Learning from nature
选择性必修
第三册
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
01
1．The purpose of playing Go is to seek ________ (wise) through the process.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
wisdom
句意为：下围棋的目的是通过(下棋的)过程寻求智慧。设空处作动词seek的宾语，故填名词形式wisdom。
2．The __________ (architect) of the Palace Museum is quite different from that of Kremlin.
architecture
句意为：故宫的建筑风格与克里姆林宫的非常不同。设空处在句中作主语，此处指“建筑风格”，故填architecture。
解析
解析
3．You have been masking your __________ (depress) for long, and it's time to relax yourself.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：你将沮丧感压抑了很久，现在是时候放松一下自己了。设空处作动词masking的宾语，且放在形容词性物主代词your后，应用名词形式。故填depression。
4．The Long March 5, carrying the largest satellite ever built ___________ (domestic), kicked off its latest space mission on Friday night in Hainan Province. [China Daily]
句意为：周五晚上，长征五号火箭搭载我国自主研发的最大的人造卫星在海南省开启了它的最新太空任务。设空处修饰built, 应用副词，故填domestically。ever built domestically 作satellite的后置定语。
depression
domestically
解析
解析
5．While his approach was a complete ________ (depart) from established practices, the result was satisfactory.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
departure
句意为：虽然他的方法完全背离了既定的做法，但结果令人满意。设空处前有冠词a和形容词complete修饰，且在句中作was的表语，故填名词形式departure。
6．The decision was taken after a full __________ (evaluate) of all possible options.
evaluation
句意为：这一决定是全面评估所有可能性后作出的。设空处前有冠词和形容词修饰，应用名词。故填evaluation。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．The ________ (reject) of modern technology was the reason why some ancient industries disappeared.
句意为：对现代技术的排斥是一些古代工业消失的原因。设空处前有定冠词The修饰，在句中作主语，应用名词形式。故填rejection。　
rejection
8．All job applicants want to leave a good impression on a potential ________ (employ)．
employer
句意为：所有的求职者都想给潜在的雇主留下一个好印象。设空处前有不定冠词a及形容词potential修饰，应用名词形式；根据句中的job applicants可知，此处指“雇主”。故填employer。
解析
解析
9．The drug had side effects and was withdrawn ________ sale for further tests.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
from
10．The device is capable of converting the wind energy ________ electrical energy.
into/to
句意为：这种药有副作用，被停止销售以作进一步测试。withdraw… from… 意为“从……中撤回……”。
句意为：这种设备可以把风能转化为电能。convert… into/to…为固定搭配，意为“把……转换成……”。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
11．A 90 year old has been awarded “Woman Of The Year” for ________ (be) Britain’s oldest full time employee—still working 40 hours a week.[课标全国Ⅱ]
句意为：一位90岁的老人因为是英国年龄最大的全职员工而被授予“年度女性”称号——她每周仍工作40个小时。设空处作for的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填being。
being
12．It took years of work ___________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
to reduce
句意为：减少工业污染和清洁水源花费了多年的努力。“it takes (sb) some time to do sth”为固定句型，意为“花费(某人)多长时间做某事”，本题中It作形式主语，动词不定式是真正的主语，故此处填动词不定式。故填to reduce。
解析
解析
1．我们只好接受销售上的亏损。(resign)
We had to ________ ________ ________ making a loss on the sale.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．古代的人们认为太阳绕着地球转是理所当然的。(grant)
People in ancient times ______ ____ ______ ________ _______ the sun moved around the earth.
took it for granted that
resign ourselves to
解析
resign oneself to意为 “只好接受；顺从”，为固定搭配。
take… for granted 意为“把……视为理所当然”。it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为后面that引导的宾语从句。
解析
3．我们的母亲把所有的爱都给了我们，却不求任何回报。(devote; return)
Our mother ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ us but doesn’t require anything ________ ________.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
4．安德里安诺娃已经从一位先辈的草图中得到了灵感。
Andrianova ________ ___________ __________ ________ sketches by an ancestor.
解析
devote… to… 意为“把……奉献给……”， in return意为“作为回报”。
take/draw inspiration from… 意为“从……得到灵感”。
解析
devotes all her love to
has taken/drawn inspiration from
in return
5．海军有责任更有效地应对国家海洋利益和领土完整面临的挑战。(respond)
The navy has the duty________ ________ ________ ________ ________ challenges to the country’s maritime interests and territorial integrity.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
解析
respond to… 意为“对……作出反应”。
to respond more effectively to
体裁：说明文　 题材：自然与艺术
Many of the most 1________ (fascinate) architecture designs around us take inspiration from nature.
Singapore’s ArtScience Museum is regarded as an exploration of the relationship between art and science. The building is shaped to look like a lotus flower, 2________ (show) the connection between nature and architecture. Visitors are surprised to capture the 3________ (beautiful) of natural forms in such 4________ urban building. Its roof collects rainwater, which is then recycled through the plumbing system.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．fascinating 设空处作designs的定语，表示“有极大吸引力的；迷人的”，故填fascinating。
答案及解析
2．showing 设空处应用非谓语形式，The building与show之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故用现在分词作伴随状语。
3．beauty　设空处前有定冠词the且作capture的宾语，故应用名词形式，故填beauty。
4．an　此处为“such＋a/an＋形容词＋可数名词单数”结构，形容词urban的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
Based on natural forms and processes, Harare’s Eastgate Centre mimics the way nature 5________ (work). The building has a “skin” covered in holes, 6________ is modelled on the mounds the termites construct. The design reduces the need for traditional air conditioning and heating systems, so the building costs less 7________ (run).
The Algae House in Hamburg is the world’s first algae powered building. 8________ (it) surface is covered in panels that contain algae.The algae, which provide shade in bright sunshine, are fed 9________ liquid nutrients and carbon dioxide. Besides, the algae inside the panels can 10________ (use) to generate fuel. Therefore, the building uses less energy and reduces damage to the environment.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
5．works　 设空处在the way后的定语从句中作谓语，此处介绍一般事实，应用一般现在时；从句主语为nature，表示单数意义，谓语动词也应用第三人称单数形式。
6．which　 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰前面整个句子，关系词在从句中作主语，故用which引导该从句。
7．to run　
8．Its　 设空处修饰名词surface，用形容词性物主代词。故填Its。
9．with　
10．be used　情态动词后接动词原形，algae与use之间为被动关系，应用被动形式。故填be used。
体裁：说明文 题材：社会文化
Our grandparents seem to have magical powers. Give them a Chinese lunar calendar 1________ they will know what the weather will be like days or even months later.
What’s the secret They are following the 24 Solar Terms (节气), 2________ was added on Nov. 30, 2016 to the list of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity by the UNESCO. It is a knowledge system and social practice 3________ (form) through people’s observations of the sun’s annual movement and its influence on the climate.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．and　句意为：给他们一份中国农历，他们就会知道几天后甚至几个月后的天气怎么样。此处考查“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”的句型。设空前后为顺承关系，故填and。
【语篇导读】文章介绍了已被列入人类非物质文化遗产的二十四节气的来历和重要性。
答案及解析
2．which　设空处引导非限制性定语从句，且在定语从句中作主语，指代the 24 Solar Terms。故填which。
3．formed 此处为非谓语动词作后置定语，修饰a knowledge system and social practice；a knowledge system and social practice和form之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填formed。
The 24 Solar Terms 4________ (come) into being during the Qin and Han 5________ (dynasty). At that time, most Chinese people made their living on farms, so weather changes were 6________ (extreme) important for them. But of course, they had no satellite, Internet or weather broadcast 7________ (help) them. 8________ these difficulties, they managed to work out the 24 Solar Terms by studying the sun’s movement and also 9________ (pay) attention to other natural changes such as air temperature, water and crop growth.
It is honoured as China’s 10________ (five) great invention, after papermaking, printing, the compass and gunpowder. Now, it is still widely used in daily life even in the age of technology based modern farming.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
5．dynasties　dynasty是可数名词，因为是秦和汉两个朝代，所以应用复数。故填dynasties。
6．extremely　修饰形容词important应用副词。故填extremely。
7．to help　非谓语动词作定语，修饰satellite, Internet or weather broadcast，此处考查 have sth to do，故填to help。
8．Despite　根据语境可知此处表让步，且设空后是一个名词词组，故这里需要用介词。表示让步用介词despite。故填Despite。
9．paying　设空处和studying并列作by的宾语，故应用动名词形式。故填paying。
10．fifth　句意为：继造纸术、印刷术、指南针和火药之后，它被誉为中国的第五大发明。此处表示次序，应用序数词，故填fifth。
4．came　根据时间状语during the Qin and Han… 可知谓语动词的时态应用一般过去时。故填came。
　Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
02
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文 题材：建筑与艺术
[辽宁六校协作体2021高二开学考试]A tall, artistic structure called Vessel stands at the heart of Hudson Yards, a real estate development in New York City that includes offices, residences and stores. Hudson Yards is currently the largest private development in the US and is built over the top of an active rail yard.
Vessel is a network of staircases and platforms that offers views of New York City from a variety of perspectives. The structure is meant to be a meeting point at the centre of the area as well as an attraction for tourists. It won’t be called Vessel for long, however. There will soon be a competition to choose a permanent title.
The structure is currently called “Vessel” because of its shape: narrow at its base and then expanding up and out. To get to the structure’s highest point on foot, visitors can climb 2,500 steps and cross 80 platforms. According to the developer, it’s a one mile climb.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
To explore Vessel, visitors need free tickets that allow them to enter the structure at a set time of the day. The purpose of the set times on the tickets is to keep the number of people on Vessel within a safe limit at all times.
Since Vessel opened to the public, it has been applauded by some visitors and criticised by others. Some have made fun of its shape, comparing it to a pineapple or a waste paper basket. Others have criticised its lack of benches. Since resting on the stairs is not allowed, there is no place to sit. Despite these issues, Vessel attracts many locals and tourists every day.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．According to this article, what are beneath the Hudson Yards development
A．Trains and tracks.
B．Docks and small ships.
C．Freeway exchanges.
D．Waiting buses and taxis.
2．What is true about the structure’s current, official name
A．It’s universally praised.
B．It’s only temporary.
C．It’s been copied elsewhere.
D．Its meaning is unknown.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了纽约一座名为Vessel的高大艺术建筑，介绍了它的外观、参观注意事项以及人们对这座建筑物的看法。
1．A　细节理解题。根据第一段中的Hudson Yards is currently the largest private development in the US and is built over the top of an active rail yard.可知，哈得孙城市广场建在一个活跃的铁路站场之上。由此可知，哈得孙城市广场下面是火车和轨道。故选A项。
答案及解析
2．B　推理判断题。根据第二段中的It won’t be called Vessel for long, however.There will soon be a competition to choose a permanent title.可知，很快会发起一场比赛来为它选择一个永久的名称。由此可推知，该
建筑目前的官方名称只是暂时的。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What does the article imply about people who visit Vessel
A．Their opinions about it vary quite a bit.
B．Their primary interest lies in shopping.
C．They’re all asked to pay a small entrance fee.
D．They return to it on multiple occasions.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Advantages and Disadvantages of Vessel
B．A Unique Landmark in the Big Apple
C．Different Opinions on Vessel
D．A Mysterious Journey to Vessel
3．A　推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Since Vessel opened to the public, it has been applauded by some visitors and criticised by others.Some have made fun of its shape, comparing it to a pineapple or a waste paper basket.Others have criticised its lack of benches.可知，自从Vessel向公众开放以来，它获得了一些游客的赞扬，也受到了一些游客的批评。由此可推知，参观Vessel的人对该建筑的看法有很大不同。故选A项。
答案及解析
4．B　主旨大意题。根据第一段中的A tall, artistic structure called Vessel stands at the heart of Hudson Yards, a real estate development in New York City that includes offices, residences and stores.并结合文章主要内容可知，本文主要介绍了纽约一座名为Vessel的高大艺术建筑的外观、参观
注意事项以及人们对这座建筑物的看法等。由
此可知，B项(纽约的一个独特的地标)最适合作
为文章标题。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明
Perhaps the cleverest trick in the animal world can be found in South Africa’s Kalahari Desert.
At the heart of this trick is the drongo, a bird that likes to hang out with meerkats (a four toed animal). The meerkats search for insects. While they eat, a meerkat is on duty looking for danger. Drongos have sharp eyesight, and as they can fly and perch (降落) higher, they often spot the danger first.Martial eagles are a serious threat. The drongo’s alarm alerts the meerkats. They, in turn, call and run for cover.
Having their own lookout bird helps the meerkats spend more time feeding.But there is a price to pay. The drongo isn’t quite as selfless as he seems, and has learnt to turn this alarm to his advantage. He becomes an expert on the meerkats’ habits, learning that when an adult meerkat finds food, it calls out to the youngsters to share. As the food is about to be exchanged, the drongo calls the alarm, but this time, it’s a trick. As the meerkats abandon their food and flee, the drongo steals their meal.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
Onto a good thing, the drongo tries again. But the meerkats know when they’ve been tricked. And this time, no one reacts at all. So the drongo takes it to the next level. But even screaming the alarm in their face doesn’t work. The meerkats are smart enough to know a cheat when they hear one. Or are they The drongo has another trick to pull.This time the drongo mimics the meerkats’ own alarm call. It’s so accurate that the meerkats are tricked again.
Drongos get over a fifth of their daily meals by making false alarms and stealing.When a drongo has exhausted all his tricks, he tries a more brazen (厚颜无耻的) approach. But he’s pushed his luck too far. He must try his tricks elsewhere.
The intelligence of animals is sometimes so extraordinary that it can be truly amazing.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What do drongos do when spotting danger
A．Run for cover.
B．Send out a signal.
C．Fly to a higher branch.
D．Protect the meerkats first.
2．What price do the meerkats have to pay according to Paragraph 3
A．Losing food to drongos.
B．Being attacked by drongos.
C．Sharing their food selflessly.
D．Abandoning their youngsters.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了动物世界里最狡诈的骗局。在南非，卷尾鸟与狐獴这对“合作伙伴”彼此要斗智斗勇，才能填饱肚子。它们之间的较量让人忍俊不禁。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Drongos have sharp eyesight, and as they can fly and perch higher, they often spot the danger first.Martial eagles are a serious threat.The drongo’s alarm alerts the meerkats.可知，卷尾鸟发现危险时，会给狐獴发信号。故选B项。
答案及解析
2．A　细节理解题。根据第三段最后一句As the meerkats abandon their food and flee, the drongo steals their meal.可知，狐獴付出的代价是其食物被卷尾鸟偷走了。故选A项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．How do the meerkats feel when being tricked for the second time
A．Afraid. B．Cautious.
C．Confused. D．Depressed.
4．What are drongos good at according to the text
A．Copying.
B．Hunting.
C．Making friends.
D．Fleeing for their life.
3．B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Onto a good thing, the drongo tries again.But the meerkats know when they’ve been tricked. And this time, no one reacts at all.可知，狐獴第二次被骗时不会去回应。由此可见，狐獴变得很谨慎。故选B项。
4．A　细节理解题。根据第四段中的This time the drongo mimics the meerkats’ own alarm call. It’s so accurate that the meerkats are tricked again.可知，卷尾鸟能模仿狐獴自己特有的警报声，并且模仿得非常准确。由此可知，卷尾鸟很善于模仿。故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明
[山西太原2022高二期末]Are plants intelligent Science is beginning to think so. In 2013, The New Yorker published an article that set the world of plant science on fire, forever changing the way both the public and researchers looked at and studied the plant kingdom. The “Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of. __1__ But fast forward to now, there are dozens of research papers and hours of videos prepared and published by plant biologists discussing so many facts of plant intelligence. __2__
Communication: A lot of evidence suggests that plants, trees in particular, can communicate with one another. __3__ It is in some ways similar to the Internet we use. The idea of plants forming such a relationship to interact is considered as an evolutionary outcome.
Learning: __4__ What if plants can learn from experiences like the dogs The scientists designed experiments, whose goal was to prove whether plants could learn, an idea that seemed impossible. Ultimately, they succeeded in not only their experiments, but also in proving that plants can actually learn.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Memory: As research and experiment continue into the plant memory, people can’t help but ask the question: “How can something without a brain have memories ” Studies have determined that plants can, indeed, learn and create memories.__5__
Figuring out the “plant brain” question is the logical next step. As more research comes in, the more it seems to indicate plant intelligence as a very real possibility.
A．Can plants be taught
B．Can they remember things in general
C．This communication occurs through underground networks.
D．It makes no sense to research plants’ communication methods.
E．They can display their memory recall through learned response.
F．The following behavioural characteristics are from the experiments.
G．Therefore, the plant biology community claimed it was completely baseless.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了植物是有智慧的并从三个方面介绍了体现植物智慧的特征。1．G　根据空前The “Intelligent Plant” was previously unheard of.可知，智慧植物以前是闻所未闻的。 G项(因此，植物生物学界声称这是完全没有根据的)承接上一句并和上一句构成因果关系，故选G项。
2．F　后面几段列举了智慧植物的具体特征，F项(实验得出以下行为特征)能引出下文。故选F项。
3．C　空前一句A lot of evidence suggests that plants, trees in particular, can communicate with one another.说明，有很多证据表明植物可以相互交流，C项(这种交流通过地下网络进行)承接上文，进一步说明植物之间是如何交流的，其中的communication呼应本段主题。故选C项。
4．A　根据本段的中心词Learning(学习)以及空后的What if plants can learn from experiences like the dogs 可知，A项(植物可以被教吗)符合本段中心，话题一致。故选A项。
5．E　本段主要讲的是智慧植物的记忆力(memory)这一特征，E项(它们可以通过习得的反应来显示
它们的记忆)与本段主题一致；其中memory为原词重现，They指代上一句中的plants。故选E项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历
I grew up in three cultures: I was born in Pairs, my parents were from China, and I was __1__ mostly in America. When I was young, this was very confusing: Everyone said that their __2__ was the best, but I knew they couldn’t be all right. I felt that there was an __3__ that I would choose to be Chinese or French or American. For many years I was stuck among the three, trying on each but never being __4__ comfortable. I hoped I wouldn’t have to __5__, but I didn’t know what that meant and how exactly “not to choose”.
1．A．brought out B．brought in
C．brought up D．brought back
2．A．culture B．country
C．people D．environment
3．A．expectation B．explanation
C．expression D．evidence
4．A．seriously B．wholly
C．possibly D．necessarily
5．A．learn B．choose
C．follow D．judge
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
However, the __6__ of trying on each culture taught me something. As I struggled to __7__, I came to understand what made each one unique. At that point, I __8__ that I didn’t need to choose one culture to get rid of another, but instead I could choose from all three. The values I selected would become part of who I was, but no one culture needed to __9__. I could honour the cultural depth and longevity (持久) of my Chinese heritage, while feeling just as passionate about the deep artistic traditions of the French and the American commitment to __10__ and the future.
6．A．secret B．advantage
C．process D．focus
7．A．belong B．betray
C．behave D．bargain
8．A．promised B．swore
C．realised D．predicted
9．A．beat B．fail
C．survive D．win
10．A．money B．wealth
C．opposition D．opportunity
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
So, rather than settle on any one of the cultures in which I grew up, I now choose to explore many more cultures and __11__ elements to love in each. Every day I make a(n) __12__ to go towards what I don’t understand.This wandering leads to the accidental learning that continually __13__ my life.
As I work in music today, I try to carry out this __14__—that the music I play, like me, doesn’t belong to only one culture. Thanks to many musicians and their music, I have found new __15__ in my own music making.　　　
11．A．create B．find
C．add D．combine
12．A．difference B．guess
C．effort D．effect
13．A．shapes B．refuses
C．destroys D．ruins
14．A．method B．experiment
C．idea D．topic
15．A．work B．meaning
C．information D．usage
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者介绍自己在三种文化中长大，每个人都希望作者选择一种文化作为归属，但是作者经过尝试发现自己可以不必选择，而是在更多的文化中探索。
1．C　根据上文I was born in Pairs, my parents were from China可知，作者主要是在美国被抚养长大的。bring up意为“抚养；养育”。故选C项。
2．A　根据上文中的I grew up in three cultures可知，每个人都说自己的文化是最好的。故选A项。
3．A　根据上文中的Everyone said that their ________ was the best, but I knew they couldn’t be all right.可知，大家希望作者去选择做中国人、法国人或美国人。expectation意为“期待”。故选A项。
4．B　根据语境可知，作者被困在三种选择中间，作者每种选择都尝试了，但是都不能全身心感到舒服。wholly意为“完全地”。故选B项。
5．B　根据设空后的“但是我不知道那意味着什么，而且不知道怎样才是‘不选择’”可知，此处讲的是“我希望我不必选择”。how exactly “not to choose”中的choose为原词复现。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．C 根据语境可知，作者表达的是尝试每种文化的过程教会了作者一些事情。process意为“过程”。故选C项。
7．A　根据上文中的I would choose to be Chinese or French or American和下文中的like me, doesn’t belong to only one culture可知，作者努力想归属(一种文化)。belong意为“适应；感到自在”。故选A项。
8．C　根据上文中的I came to understand what made each one unique可知，作者意识到(realised)不必只选择一种文化。故选C项。
9．D　根据上文中的Everyone said that their ________ was the best以及下文的描述可知，没有一种文化需要赢。故选D项。
10．D　设空处与the future并列，是说美国人对机会和未来的投入。故选D项。
11．B　根据上文I now choose to explore many more cultures可知，作者选择探索更多的文化，并且找到每种文化中喜爱的元素。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
12．C　根据语境可知，作者每天都努力探寻自己不了解的东西。make an effort to… 为固定搭配，意为 “努力去……”。故选C项。
13．A　根据上文的The values I selected would become part of who I was可知，这里是说，这种文化中的漫游促成了偶然的学习，这不断塑造着作者的生活。shape意为“塑造”。故选A项。
14．C　根据空后的that the music I play, like me, doesn’t belong to only one culture可知，这是作者一直贯彻的理念。故选C项。
15．B　根据上文that the music I play, like me, doesn’t belong to only one culture可知，作者所演奏的音乐像作者本人一样不属于某种单一的文化，多亏了许多的音乐家和他们的音乐，作者在自己的音乐创作中找到了新的意义。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
　Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
03
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
A
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事
[江苏徐州2022期中]On James Owen’s 70th birthday, he saw a video of himself shuffling (拖着脚走) up to the platform where he was giving a talk. “I looked like an old man,” said Owen, who built a successful career on Wall Street. Even worse, he felt like an old man.
He was about 25 pounds overweight and he had chronic trouble with his back, knees, and shoulders. But instead of giving in to age, Owen decided to set an ambitious five year goal: He wanted to be pain free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise—even though at the time he couldn’t do a single push up.
Owen began his new exercise plan by walking, though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes. But that didn’t discourage him. He kept at a walk every day, along with some stretches. Once he had those basics down, he started weightlifting and hired a personal trainer to teach him and design a routine he could follow on his own. The last piece was finding other activities he enjoyed, which turned out to be cycling and swimming.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
In less than five years, Owen was able to do three sets of 50 push ups each and walk for miles each day. And yes, he was free of aches and pains. “Ageing well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle,” he says.
Owen used his experience to write a book called Just Move! A New Approach to Fitness After 50, in which he details how older adults can safely get off the couch and add more movement to their lives. “Think of it as movement, not exercise, just get started,” he says. “The key is slow and steady progress.”
Now 81 and retired, Owen exercises an hour a day, six days a week. “It is the best investment I’ve ever made in my life,” he says.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
1．Why did Owen decide to set a five year goal
A．To give a talk.
B．To build a career.
C．To lose weight.
D．To keep healthy.
2．How can Owen’s exercising process be described
A．Boring and painful.
B．Slow but productive.
C．Tough and discouraging.
D．Complex and ineffective.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了詹姆斯·欧文意识到自己已是暮年且身体不再健康后，毅然树立目标改变自己的生活方式的故事。
1．D　细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的第一句和Owen decided to set an ambitious five year goal: He wanted to be pain free, and he decided the way to get there was through exercise可知，欧文超重且身患疾病，他想要通过锻炼身体摆脱疾病带来的痛苦，保持健康，所以立下了一个五年目标。故选D项。
2．B 推理判断题。根据文章第二段中的he decided the way to get there was through exercise—even though at the time he couldn’t do a single push up和文章第三段中的Owen began his new exercise plan by walking, though he started huffing and puffing after five minutes.以及文章第四段内容可知，尽管欧文的
锻炼进程缓慢，但富有成效。故选B项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
3．What can we learn from Owen’s story
A．It’s better to get started earlier.
B．Lifestyle is vital for one’s health.
C．Genes play a key role in ageing well. D．Successful careers need investment.
4．What’s the author’s purpose of writing the article
A．To promote Owen’s new book.
B．To offer ways to relieve pain.
C．To encourage old people to work out.
D．To present health problems of the old.
3．B　细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的Ageing well is only about 20 to 25 percent genes, and the rest is lifestyle可知，生活方式对一个人的健康起着十分重要的作用。故选B项。
答案及解析
4．C　推理判断题。全文讲述了詹姆斯·欧文意识到自己已是暮年且身体不再健康后，毅然树立目标改变自己的生活方式。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是鼓励老年人锻炼身体。故选C项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
B
体裁：说明文 题材：科普知识
From ancient stories to modern research, the label (标签) attached to being left handed is undeniable. Left handed people, or “lefties” as they are often called, are generally believed to be good at art—Leonardo da Vinci, Picasso and Michelangelo are all left handed.
Our brain is divided into two parts: the left hemisphere (大脑半球) and the right hemisphere. The left hemisphere, linked to logic and analysis, is responsible for the right side of the body. The right hemisphere, linked to creativity and imagination, controls the left side of the body. So, people tend to believe lefties are controlled by the right side of the brain, and are more creative than right handers. Some also think that lefties may not be as good as right handers in mathematics and problem solving skills.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
However, a recent study carried out by scientists from the University of Liverpool in the UK and the University of Milan in Italy proved this theory wrong. The study involved more than 2,300 students in Italy aged between 6 and 17 years old. They were asked to complete several mathematical tasks of different levels. It turned out that the left handers outperformed the others when the tasks involved difficult problem solving. This pattern was particularly clear in male adolescents. However, when it came to simple arithmetic, there was no difference between left handers and right handers.
It was also discovered that those who are “severely” right handed performed less well in all the experiments compared to “medium” right handers and left handers.
“Taken together, these findings show that handedness does influence abilities to some degree,” the study’s authors wrote. However, “Handedness is just an indirect expression of brain function,” wrote psychology professor Giovanni Sala from the University of Liverpool in the UK, the lead author of the study. Sala also noted that only one third of people with a highly developed right side of the brain are left handed. It means that there are lots of right handed people with a similar brain function as left handers.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
1．How does the author begin the text
A．By telling some ancient stories.
B．By giving examples of artworks.
C．By introducing modern research.
D．By presenting conventional wisdom.
2．What is the main focus of Paragraph 2
A．Skills of solving problems.
B．Ways of becoming creative.
C．People's opinions of left handers.
D．The functions of two hemispheres.
【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文。文章通过一项调查研究介绍了对“左撇子”的一些错误看法。
1．D　细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的From ancient stories to modern research… 和are generally believed to be good at art可知，作者在文章开始通过提出对“左撇子”的传统看法来引出下文。故选D项。
答案及解析
2．C　主旨大意题。根据文章第二段最后两句So, people tend to believe lefties are controlled by the right side of the brain, and are more creative than right handers.Some also think that lefties may not be as good as right handers in mathematics and problem solving skills.可知，第二段主要介绍人们对于“左撇子”的看法。故选C项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
3．What can we learn from the study led by Giovanni Sala
A．Handedness doesn’t have any association with brain function.
B．People with a highly developed right hemisphere are most likely lefties.
C．The “severely” right handed are far better at simple arithmetic than lefties.
D．Right handers didn’t perform as well as lefties when handling tough problems.
4．Where is the text most probably taken from
A．A medical report. B．A science magazine.
C．A biology textbook. D．An education essay.
3．D　细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的It turned out that the left handers outperformed the others when the tasks involved difficult problem solving.可知，当任务涉及解决困难问题时，“左撇子”的表现优于其他人，即惯用右手的人的表现不如“左撇子”。故选D项。
答案及解析
4．B　推理判断题。根据文章内容尤其是第三段中的However, a recent study carried out by scientists from the University of Liverpool in the UK and the University of Milan in Italy proved this theory wrong.可知，本文通过一项调查研究展开介绍，属于科普类说明文，最可能出自科学杂志。故选B项。
【方法总结】推断文章出处的解题方法
推断文章出处的设题形式有：Where is the text most likely taken from？/Where does the text probably come from？此类题一般要基于文章的体裁和内容来判断其出处，平时学习过程中要注意增加对报纸文章、杂志文章、科普文、广告、说明书、旅游指南等特殊体裁的了解，这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：文学与艺术
How do you write a story How is writing a short story different from writing a novel These are difficult questions to answer. __1__ But if you want to write a short story, here are several tips to help you get started.
Real writers read. As Stephen King said, “If you don’t have time to read, you don't have time to write.” __2__ Even if you’ve read hundreds of stories, studying one or two closely will help improve your understanding of the short story form.
Some guides suggest focusing on writing an attractive first paragraph first. __3__ Instead, just write. Don’t worry about what comes out. It’s not important. You just need to get your short story started.
__4__ After you write your first draft, you need to start cutting, rewriting and editing your short story. This is the hardest part of writing a short story. However, don’t give up. You’re almost there.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
Before you submit your short story, make sure you have read it aloud several times to find any errors. Then skim some literary magazines and read their guidelines to know if your short story will be a good fit. __5__ It will be hard to let go of your short story, but you cannot get it published if you don’t submit it.
A．All good writing is rewriting.
B．Send your work out into the world.
C．Get some suggestions from other writers.
D．There are so many types of short stories and novels.
E．If you want to be a writer, you should consider writing short stories.
F．If you’ve never read a short story, you’re going to have a difficult time writing one.
G．While it’s important, it puts a lot of pressure on you when you write your short story.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，作者就如何写一篇短篇故事提出了建议，并且建议完成作品后去投稿。
1．D　本段第一、二句提问如何写故事以及写短篇故事与写小说有何不同，第三句承接前两句，讲的是“这些是很难回答的问题”。D项(有那么多种类的短篇故事和小说)解释了这些问题为什么难回答，而且与下一句形成转折关系，符合语境。
2．F　本段第一句点明本段主题：阅读对于写作的重要性。设空前一句讲“如果一个人没时间阅读，那也就没时间写作”，F项(如果你从来没有读过短篇故事，你将很难写出一篇来)承接上文，故选F项。
3．G　设空前一句讲的是“一些指南建议要先集中精力写一个吸引人的开头”，空后一句Instead, just write.的意思是“恰恰相反，去写就可以了”，Instead表示转折，设空处需要填一个承上启下的句子，G项(虽然它很重要，但是当你写短篇故事时，它会给你带来很大的压力)切题，故选G项。
4．A　设空后一句讲的是“写完了你的初稿之后，你需要开始删减、修改和校订你的短篇故事”，句中的rewriting是关键信息，A项(所有好的作品都是修改出来的)与之呼应，故选A项。
5．B　设空后一句It will be hard to let go of your short story, but you cannot get it published if you don’t
submit it.提及了要投稿的问题，submit为关键信息，B项(寄出你的作品)切题，故选B项。
答案及解析
体裁：说明文 题材：人际关系
Some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger because of a fear of not having anything interesting to say. Fear of rejection (拒绝) is also a __1__ keeping silent. Small talk in a conversation can __2__ as a way of warming up and getting to __3__ each other. Most people, no matter how successful they are at work, will find the process of __4__ small talk uncomfortable, even pointless (无意义的). However, you will have a pretty small world if you refuse to let others in. Starting off with a casual comment or question will make others __5__, and even just greeting them with a simple “hello” will often be enough.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
1． A．demand for B．reason for
C．result of D．sign of
2．A．carry B．bring
C．mean D．serve
3．A．know B．study
C．recognise D．help
4．A．giving B．leaving
C．making D．forcing
5．A．comfortable B．upset
C．nervou D．satisfied
Once you have made the first __6__, there is no turning back. You need to keep things __7__ before you can gracefully say goodbye. Think about what you would like to __8__ with a new friend and that is what you can ask the other person about. Work, family, hobbies or interests are some __9__ points of discussion. To keep the ball rolling, you can show that you are really __10__ in what they are saying. Once you find common __11__ of interest, things will definitely __12__ off from there.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
6．A．move B．plan
C．wish D．try
7．A．changing B．rising
C．improving D．going
8．A．play B．share
C．do D．show
9．A．private B．present
C．important D．general
10．A．absorbed B．lacking
C．interested D．engaged
11．A．ideas B．experiences
C．points D．senses
12．A．take B．put
C．get D．set
Small talk can __13__ out to be a pleasant experience. The conversation should be brief and casual without turning into a long and boring discussion. Do not let yourself __14__ the conversation. Stop worrying about how big a fool you may appear to be. You may even find out later on that you have the __15__ for getting people to open up to you by engaging them in small talk.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
13．A．come B．turn
C．find D．figure
14．A．start B．complete
C．consider D．control
15．A．responsibility B．reputation
C．talent D．passion
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了闲聊在交流中的重要性。文中分析了部分人害怕闲聊的原因，并就如何让闲聊顺利进行下去给出了建议。
1．B　根据上文Some people are afraid of starting a casual conversation with a stranger because of a fear of not having anything interesting to say.可知，一些人因为担心没有有趣的事情说，所以不敢和陌生人闲谈。由本句中的also可知，此处讲的也是不敢与陌生人闲谈而保持沉默的原因。故选B项。
2．D　句意为：交流中的闲谈可以起到暖场和互相了解的作用。serve as… 意为“起……的作用”。故选D项。3．A　句意见上一题解析。know意为“熟悉；了解”；study意为“学习”；recognise意为“认出；认可”；help意为“帮助”。根据句意可知选A项。
4．C　句意为：大部分的人，无论他们在工作上多么成功，都会发现闲谈的过程是令人不舒服的，甚至是没有意义的。make small talk意为“进行闲谈”。故选C项。
5．A　根据设空后的and even just greeting them with a simple “hello” will often be enough可知，此处指
以随意的评论或问题开始将会让别人感到舒服。故选A项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．A　根据下文中的You need to keep things ________ before you can gracefully say goodbye.可知，此处指一旦你迈出了第一步，就得一直继续下去。故选A项。
7．D　根据before you can gracefully say goodbye可知，在你可以优雅地道别之前，你需要让谈话进行下去。故选D项。
8．B　根据下文的Work… or interests are some ________ points of discussion.可知，此处讲的是“考虑一下你想与一个新朋友分享什么，并且那也是你可以询问别人的东西”。故选B项。
9．D　句意为：工作、家庭、爱好或兴趣一般都是可供讨论的一些话题。 private意为“私人的”；present意为“现在的”； important意为“重要的”；general意为“一般的”。根据句意可知选D项。
10．C　根据下文中的Once you find common ________ of interest, things will definitely ________ off from there.可知，为了让闲聊继续下去，你可以表现出你对于他们所说的内容真的感兴趣。be interested in… 为固定搭配，意为“对……感兴趣”，故选C项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
11．C　句意为：一旦你发现了兴趣的共同点，情况肯定会就此变好。common point意为“共同点”，故选C项。
12．A　句意见上一题解析。take off意为“开始成功”；put off意为“推迟”；get off意为“下车”；set off意为“出发”。根据句意可知选A项。
13．B　句意为：闲谈最终可以成为一次愉快的经历。turn out意为“最终成为；结果是”，符合语境，故选B项。come out意为“出现”；find out意为“查清楚”；figure out意为“理解”。
14．D　结合上下文可知，此处是作者的建议：不要让自己控制谈话。start意为“开始”；complete意为“完成”；consider意为“考虑”；control意为“控制”。故选D项。
15．C　句意为：你之后甚至可能会发现你有通过让他人参与闲谈从而对你敞开心扉的天赋。talent意为“天赋”，符合语境，故选C项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
体裁：说明文　 题材：语言文化
[四川成都外国语学校2022高二月考]Believe it or not, there is no standard English. Many people believe the English spoken on TV and the radio is standard English. This is because in the early days of radio, people expected that those 1________ reported the news spoke excellent English.However, 2________ TV and the radio you will hear differences in the way people speak.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．who　句意为：这是因为在早期的广播中，人们认为那些报道新闻的人英语说得很好。此处引导定语从句，先行词为those，引导词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who引导该从句。
2．on　句意为：然而，在电视和广播中，你会听出人们说话方式的不同。结合句意可知，此处表示“在电视和广播中”，固定搭配为on TV and the radio。故填on。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。世界上没有“标准英语”，即使是来自同一个地方的人，他们说的英语也是有差异的。文章主要介绍了导致这种差异的原因。
答案及解析
When people use words and3________ (express) different from the “standard language”, it 4________ (call) a dialect. American English has many dialects because people have come from all over the world. Even in some parts of the USA, two people from the same section speak a little 5________ (different).
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
3．expressions　句意为：当人们使用不同于“标准语言”的词语和表达时，它被称为方言。此处与words并列作use的宾语，应用名词；expression作“措辞；表达方式”时为可数名词，结合上文words可知，此处应用复数形式。故填expressions。
4．is called　句意见上一题解析。此处与主语it为被动关系，应用被动语态；根据上文use可知，此处表示客观陈述，应用一般现在时；主语为it，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is called。
5．differently　句意为：甚至在美国的一些地方，来自同一个地区的两个人说话也会略有不同。此处修饰动词speak，应用副词作状语。故填differently。
Geography also plays a part in6________ (make) dialects. When people 7________ (move) from one place to another, they took 8________ (they) dialects with them. So people from the mountains in the southeastern USA speak with almost the same dialect 9________ people in the northwestern USA. In the USA, many different dialects are spoken. Although many 10________ (America) move a lot, they still recognise and understand each other’s dialects.
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
7．moved　句意为：当人们从一个地方迁居到另一个地方时，他们也带着他们的方言。根据主句中的took可知，此处应用一般过去时。故填moved。
6．making　句意为：地理环境在方言的形成中也起着一定的作用。设空处作介词in的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填making。
8．their　设空处修饰名词dialects，应用形容词性物主代词。故填their。
9．as　句意为：所以来自美国东南部山区的人说的方言和美国西北部的人说的方言几乎是一样的。结合句意和句子结构可知，此处为固定用法the same… as…，表示“和……相同的……”。故填as。
10．Americans　句意为：尽管许多美国人经常迁居，但他们仍然能识别并理解彼此的方言。American表示“美国人”时为可数名词，且空前有many修饰，应用复数形式。故填Americans。
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
When I was 9 years old, I used to cut grass for Mrs Long. The elderly lady paid me very little, for she hadn’t much money. But she did promise me, “When Christmas comes, I shall have a present for you.” I spent much time wondering what it would be. The boys I played with had baseball gloves, bicycles and ice skates, and I was so eager to acquire any one of these that I convinced myself that Mrs Long intended choosing from among them.
“It would hardly be a pair of baseball gloves,” I reasoned with myself. “A woman like Mrs Long wouldn’t know much about baseball.” Since she was old and weak, I also ruled out the bicycle, for she couldn’t handle such a large item.
On my last Saturday at work, Mrs Long said, “At Christmas you come to the door and collect the present.” These words clinched (确定) my guess. Since she was going to have the present in her house and handle it herself, unquestionably she was giving me a pair of ice skates.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷读后续写
I became so convinced of this that I could imagine myself upon the skates and the excitement they brought me. As the cold days of November arrived and ice began to form on the ponds, I began to try my luck on the ice. “Get away from that ice! ” a man shouted. “Its not strong enough yet.”
As Christmas approached, it was with difficulty that I restrained (抑制) myself from reporting to Mrs Long and demanding my present. On the 21st of December, icy weather froze all the ponds so that boys who already had ice skates were able to use them. My longing to possess mine became overpowering.
So the next day I could no longer control myself and presented myself at Mrs Long’s door. “I’ve been waiting for you,” she said with a smile.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. ___________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
On Christmas morning, I could not wait to open the package. __________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷读后续写
【写作提示】
1．材料导读
文章主要讲述了作者九岁时帮助朗夫人割草，朗夫人付给作者的报酬很少，但她承诺在圣诞节送给作者一份礼物，作者猜测她会送给自己一双溜冰鞋。随着节日的临近，作者忍不住跑去朗夫人家询问礼物。
2．续写分析
①由续写第一段首句内容“她让我坐在椅子上，然后递给我一个包裹”可知，本段可以描写作者看到朗夫人送给自己的礼物时，感到很激动。根据续写第二段首句内容可知，作者在圣诞节那天才打开包裹，所以本段可描写作者想要打开包裹但被朗夫人阻止了。
②由续写第二段首句内容“在圣诞节的早上，我迫不及待地打开了包裹”可知，本段可以描写作者发现里面装着的正是自己一直都想要的溜冰鞋；之后，作者穿上溜冰鞋出去溜冰，想到了朗夫人对自己的好，并且认为这是最好的圣诞节礼物。
3．提分词句
promise to do sth; it is time for sb to do sth; to one's excitement; brand new; be eager for; so… that…
引导的结果状语从句等。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷读后续写
【参考范文】
She set me in a chair and handed a package to me. She said to me, “Thanks for cutting grass for me. Because I didn’t have much money, I didn’t pay you much money. I had promised to give you a present, so it is time for you to get it.” I was so excited that I wanted to open it right away, but Mrs Long stopped me and said, “You can’t open it until Christmas morning. Can you promise that ” “Of course, Mrs Long,” I replied.
On Christmas morning, I could not wait to open the package. To my excitement, it was a brand new pair of ice skates which I was eager for. I couldn’t control myself and went to the frozen pond. I skated on the ice with the other people. As I skated on the ice, I thought of Mrs Long. How kind she was to send me such a present! She observed me for a long time and knew what I wanted so much. It was a present better than much money.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷读后续写