外研版（2019）选择性必修 第四册Unit 4 Everyday economics课件(共57张PPT)

(共57张PPT)
Unit 4　Everyday economics
选择性必修
第四册
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
01
1．She’s _________ (potential) our best player, but she needs to practise much harder.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
potentially
句意为：她有潜力成为我们最好的选手，但是她需要更努力地练习。设空处在句子中作状语，应用副词形式， 故填potentially，意为“有潜力地”。
2．It is obvious the public need an equal __________ (distribute) of educational resources.
distribution
句意为：很明显，民众需要教育资源的公平分配。设空处作主语从句中的宾语，被形容词equal修饰，其前有不定冠词an，应用名词单数形式，故填distribution。
解析
解析
3．Hybrid rice could attain a higher yield than ___________ (convention) crops.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
句意为：杂交水稻能达到比传统作物更高的产量。此处修饰名词crops，作定语，应用形容词形式，故填conventional。
4．The charity has been given ________ (finance) support to roll out the health care project countrywide.
句意为：该慈善组织得到了资助，将这一医疗保健项目在全国范围内推广。设空处修饰名词support，应用形容词。
conventional
financial
解析
解析
5．You should not ____________ (automatic) think that everything your partner says is correct.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
automatically
句意为：你不应该想当然地认为你的搭档说的每句话都是正确的。此处修饰动词think，应用副词形式，故填automatically。
6．The old man died suddenly of cardiac arrest.All his family were so ________ (sorrow).
sorrowful
句意为：那位老人突然死于心脏停搏，他的家人都很悲伤。be动词后用形容词作表语，故填sorrowful。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
7．Your computer is the latest model, which is far superior ________ mine.
句意为：你的电脑是最新型号的，比我的要好得多。be superior to为固定搭配，意为“优越于”， 故填to。
to
8．If the printer breaks down within the first year, we will repair it ________ our expense.
at
句意为：如果这台打印机在第一年内出故障了，我们将付费修理。 at one’s expense为固定搭配，意为“由某人付费”， 故填at。
解析
解析
9．At work, IQ gets you ________ (hire) but EQ gets you promoted.
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
hired
10．Medicine should be kept out of children’s reach, ________ is why he always puts it in the top drawer.
which
句意为：在职场上，帮你找到工作的是智商，而情商则帮你升职。此处考查 “get＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构， hire与you之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。故填 hired。
句意为：句意为：药物要放在孩子够不着的地方，这就是为什么他总是把药放在最上面的抽屉里。逗号前后无连接词，由此判断设空处引导从句；从句对主句提到的事情起补充说明作用，是非限制性定语从句，关系词指代逗号前面的主句，且在从句中作主语，故填which。
解析
解析
Part Ⅰ　Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句填空
11．I drove to the hilltop, ________ I enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.
句意为：我把车开到山顶，在那里我欣赏了美丽的湖景。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，the hilltop为先行词，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语。故填where。
where
12．The film you see on the screen is the product of a huge amount of hard work, most of ________ takes place behind the scenes.
which
句意为：你在银幕上看到的电影是大量辛勤工作的产物，其中大部分工作是在幕后进行的。分析句子结构可知，此处是“most＋of＋关系词”引导的非限制性定语从句，设空处指代先行词a huge amount of hard work，故用关系代词which。
解析
解析
1．汤姆在医生赶到时已经好多了，这对于孩子来说是常见的情况。
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ with children, Tom had been better by the time the doctor arrived.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
根据提示补全句子。
2．最终，令他沮丧的是，他不得不迫于公众压力而离任，以缓和紧张的局势。(frustration)
Eventually, __________ __________ __________, he had to leave office in response to public pressure to ease the tension of the situation.
As is often the case
to his frustration
解析
as is often the case意为 “这是常有的事”。
解析
to one’s frustration意为“令某人沮丧的是”。　
3．从现在开始，作为一名受父母资助的学生，我将做到量入为出。(end)
From now on, I’ll ________ ________ ________ as a student financially supported by my parents.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
4．马克·吐温身陷债务，所以他要写大量的小说来偿还债务。(debt)
Mark Twain ________ ________ ________, so he had to write large numbers of stories to ________ ________ ________ ________.
make ends meet
went into debt/
was in debt
解析
make (both) ends meet意为“使收支相抵”。　
解析
go into debt/be in debt意为“负债”；pay off one’s debts意为“偿还债务”。　
pay off his debts
5．改编自一个真实事件，《攀登者》这部电影讲述了1960年第一支中国登山队征服珠穆朗玛峰的故事。(adapt)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________, The Climbers tells the story of the first Chinese team to conquer Mount Qomolangma in 1960.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷单句表达
Adapted from a real event
解析
分析句子结构可知，设空处应填非谓语动词作状语，且提示词adapt和主语The Climbers之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填Adapted from a real event。
体裁：记叙文　 题材：人物故事
Growing up in a valley full of roses, Zhang Yue didn’t realise the potential until she graduated from university overseas and returned to visit her parents. She made 1________ decision to grow roses in her home town and run her own business. The idea 2________ (surprise) many people. Nevertheless, Zhang Yue insisted on her own thoughts.
During the process of starting her own business, what challenged her most 3________ (be) to get investment and persuade the locals to work for her.She made efforts to promote the brand popularity. 4________ (fortunate), a major Asian manufacturer of cosmetics was willing 5________ (purchase) the product and help with its distribution. Now, her product is one of the 6________ (good) in Asia.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．a make a decision意为“作决定”。
答案及解析
2．surprised　surprise在句中作谓语动词，根据上下文时态可知，此处应用一般过去时。
3．was　分析句子结构可知，本句为主系表结构，设空处为句子的系动词，结合语境和空前的challenged可知，此处应用一般过去时，主语为what引导的从句，谓语动词用单数形式，故填was。
4．Fortunately　设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式，表示“幸运的是”，故填Fortunately。
5．to purchase　be willing to do sth为固定搭配，意为“愿意做某事”。
6．best　 “one of the best”为固定搭配，意为“最好的之一”。故填best。
With the growing economy 7________ (create) more chances, many people are thinking of starting their own businesses like Zhang Yue. Zhang Yue gave some advice to young entrepreneurs, “To succeed in business, first, you need a good idea, hard work and __8________ (determine). You should know your limits and make a sound business plan 9________ is practical, not too ambitious. Above all, you should have access 10________ capital and have good management and negotiating skills. It is still a long and difficult way for you to go.”
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷课文改编填空
7．creating　 此处为“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，create和economy之间构成逻辑上的主动关系，故填creating。
8．determination　 此处与and前的名词短语并列，也应用名词形式，故填determination。
9．that/which　设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为a sound business plan，指物，故填that/which。
10．to have access to为固定搭配，意为“有……可以使用”，故填 to。
体裁：说明文 题材：社会现象
[辽宁重点高中协作体2022高二期末]A new phenomenon is taking hold worldwide—“shrinkflation”. This is when companies reduce the size of their products or range of services while 1________ (maintain) prices. It is in reaction to the rising prices of raw materials needed in the process of 2________ (produce).
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．maintaining　句意为：这是指公司在保持价格的同时，减少其产品大小或服务范围。设空处作时间状语，应用动词的非谓语形式，maintain的逻辑主语是companies，二者之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故此处应填现在分词。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了近些年较常见的“缩水式通货膨胀”这一经济现象，这是很多生产商和制造商在面临成本上升时利用的“减量不加价”的隐性加价手段，希望消费者继续购买他们的产品。
答案及解析
2．production　句意为：这是为了应对生产过程中所需原材料的价格上涨。in the process of… 为固定搭配，意为“在……的过程中”，of为介词，后面接名词。production意为“生产”时为不可数名词，故填production。
Another way companies choose is 3________ (place) smaller items in larger boxes, making shoppers think they’re getting more for their money. In fact, 4________ (consumer) become more sensitive to price than quantity or quality. Most shoppers will make a regular purchase, even if it has shrunk (减少), as long as 5________ price has not risen.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
4．consumers　句意为：事实上，相较于数量或质量，消费者对价格更敏感。设空处作主语，表示“消费者”，根据become可知，主语应为复数形式。故填consumers。
5．the　句意为：只要价格没有上涨，即使产品的量已经变少了，大多数购物者还是会定期购买。设空处特指前文提到的购物者会定期购买的东西的价格，故用定冠词the。
3．to place　句意为：公司选择的另一种方式是把较小的物品放在较大的盒子里，让购物者认为他们用所花的钱得到了更多的东西。本句话为“主系表”结构，设空处对主语进行解释说明，应用动词不定式作表语。故填to place。
So far, the chocolate maker Cadbury 6________ (choose) to shrink the size of one of its products by 10%. A company spokesperson said: “We expect to absorb costs in this difficult environment so we have had to make a decision to 7________ (slight) reduce the weight of chocolate bars for the first time since 2012, so that we can keep them surviving in the fierce 8________ (compete).
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
8．competition　句意见上一题解析。设空处前有定冠词和形容词修饰，且在句中作介词后的宾语，应用名词，此处表示“竞争”，competition意为“竞争”时为不可数名词，故填competition。
6．has chosen　句意为：到目前为止，巧克力制造商吉百利已经决定将其中一款产品的尺寸缩小10%。设空处为句子的谓语动词，根据时间状语So far可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语the chocolate maker为单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填has chosen。
7．slightly　句意为：一位公司发言人表示：“我们希望在这种困难的环境下承担得住成本，因此我们不得不作出决定，自2012年以来首次略微减轻巧克力棒的重量，以便让它们在激烈的竞争中挺下来。”设空处修饰动词reduce，应用副词。故填slightly。
The hotel chains Hilton have made it a rule 9________ guests must now request daily housekeeping services. Many other free services we have taken for granted are also 10________ the decrease.
Part Ⅰ Vocabulary & Grammar
刷语法填空
9．that　句意为：希尔顿连锁酒店规定，客人现在必须要求提供日常客房服务。本句中，it为形式宾语，而真正的宾语为设空处引导的从句；宾语从句意思完整，不缺成分，所以用that引导该从句。
10．on　句意为：我们认为应该免费的许多其他服务也在减少。on the decrease为固定搭配，意为“在减少”。故填on。
　Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
02
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文 题材：糖税
[全国乙2022]The Government’s sugar tax on soft drinks has brought in half as much money as Ministers first predicted it would generate, the first official data on the policy has shown.
First announced in April, 2016, the tax which applies to soft drinks containing more than 5g of sugar per 100ml, was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity (肥胖). It is believed that today’s children and teenagers are consuming three times the recommended level of sugar, putting them at a higher risk of the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected to make ￡520m a year for the Treasury. However, data of the first six months showed it would make less than half this amount. At present it is expected to generate ￡240m for the year ending in April 2019, which will go to school sports.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers (制造商) so they can avoid paying the tax. Drinks now contain 45 million fewer kilos of sugar as a result of manufacturers’ efforts to avoid the charge, according to Treasury figures. Since April drinks companies have been forced to pay between 18p and 24p for every litre of sugary drink they produce or import, depending on the sugar content.
However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers. Fruit juices, milk based drinks and most alcoholic drinks are free of the tax, as are small companies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Today’s figures, according to one government official, show the positive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millions of pounds for sports facilities (设施) and healthier eating in schools. Helping the next generation to have a healthy and active childhood is of great importance, and the industry is playing its part.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．Why was the sugar tax introduced
A．To collect money for schools.
B．To improve the quality of drinks.
C．To protect children’s health.
D．To encourage research in education.
2．How did some drinks companies respond to the sugartax
A．They turned to overseas markets.
B．They raised the prices of their products.
C．They cut down on their production.
D．They reduced their products’ sugar content.
【语篇导读】2016年首次宣布实施糖税的目的是帮助减少儿童肥胖，但是最初糖税的实施为政府所带来的收入比预计的少。这是因为一部分商家为避税，降低了饮料中的含糖量。但也有一部分公司害怕惹恼消费者，而选择了接受该纳税款项。如今的数据显示，糖税正在发挥着积极作用，帮助下一代健康成长。
1．C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的the tax… was introduced to help reduce childhood obesity可知，糖税的推出是为了减少儿童肥胖，即保护儿童的身体健康。故选C项。
答案及解析
2．D　细节理解题。根据第四段中的It comes after more than half of soft drinks sold in shops have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers so they can avoid paying the tax.可知，一些饮料制造商通过降低饮料中的含糖量来避免缴纳税款。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．From which of the following is the sugar tax collected
A．Most alcoholic drinks.
B．Milk based drinks.
C．Fruit juices.
D．Classic Coke.
4．What can be inferred about the adoption of the sugar tax policy
A．It is a short sighted decision.
B．It is a success story.
C．It benefits manufacturers.
D．It upsets customers.
3．D　细节理解题。根据第五段中的However，some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax可知，可口可乐公司需要缴纳糖税。故选D项。
答案及解析
4．B　推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，如今糖税的实施为学校体育设施的建设和健康的饮食筹集了资金，有助于下一代健康成长，由此可推知，糖税的实施是很成功的。故选B项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
B
体裁：说明文 题材：社会现象
Last year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics reported that 55 million people in the US are “gig workers”, which account for more than 35 percent of the US workforce. That number is projected to jump to 43 percent by 2020.
People are drawn to gig work (零工) because it brings in a little extra income without a major time commitment. And recent technologies like Skype, Slack, and Dropbox have made the gig life a reality, giving you maximum freedom, an ideal work life balance, and the chance to pursue your passions.
If you’re thinking of joining the gig economy, it’s never been easier. One of the greatest things about the gig economy is that you don’t have a boss breathing down your neck. As a freelancer, you no longer have to cater to a company culture or a work schedule that might cause physical or emotional stress. Instead, you get to choose the type of work you do and the people you work with. But this degree of freedom requires a corresponding amount of discipline. With no boss to make sure you’re on task, it’s all on you.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
A lot of gig workers start their careers by hopping on a project because the employer is desperate and in need of help. For the employers, it’s tough to take on people for higher management positions when the pool of talent is full of gig workers who haven’t been given an opportunity to improve their skills. Businesses have to evolve to learn how to account for an influx (涌入) of temporary workers. This means employers must help gig workers become skilled and get promoted.
The workforce is becoming more advanced and educated these days. You have to keep learning and keep up with industry trends to maintain a competitive edge. This is true even for people in traditional office settings, but it’s critical if you’re your own boss.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
1．What made the gig life a reality
A．Greater work life balance.
B．New technologies.
C．A little extra money.
D．Maximum freedom.
2．What does the underlined phrase “breathing down your neck” in Paragraph 3 mean
A．Making you unable to breathe freely.
B．Standing very close behind you.
C．Threatening you by saying something.
D．Monitoring you closely.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了零工经济，并分析了其优势和劣势。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的recent technologies like Skype, Slack, and Dropbox have made the gig life a reality可知，是新的技术使零工成为现实的。故选B项。
答案及解析
2．D　词义猜测题。根据第三段内容，尤其该段最后一句With no boss to make sure you’re on task, it’s all on you.可知，在零工经济中，没有老板督促你完成任务，一切都在于你自己。由此可推知，第三段中的画线短语breathing down your neck意为“密切监视你”。故选D项。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷阅读理解
3．What can we infer from Paragraph 4
A．Employers should invest in training the temporary workers.
B．Gig workers start their jobs out of passion.
C．It’s easy for employers to employ people for higher positions.
D．Gig workers are unwilling to develop skills.
4．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．The Strengths and Weaknesses of the Gig Economy
B．The Challenges of the Gig Economy
C．The Increase in the Gig Economy
D．The Reason for the Gig Economy
3．A　推理判断题。根据第四段第三、四句Businesses have to evolve to learn how to account for an influx of temporary workers. This means employers must help gig workers become skilled and get promoted.可知，企业需要不断发展，以应对涌入劳动市场的零工从业者，帮助他们获得技能并晋升。由此可推知，雇主应投入资金培训临时工。故选A项。
4．A　主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其根据第三段第二句One of the greatest things about the gig economy is that you don’t have a boss breathing down your neck.和倒数第二段中的when the pool of talent is full of gig workers who haven’t been given an opportunity to improve their skills可知，本文介绍了零工经济的优势和劣势。故选A项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：规划开支
[江苏连云港四校2022高二期中联考]Do you ever have months where you struggle to keep your money under control __1__ One of these reasons could be that we aren’t aware of our true spending habits. Here are some tips on how you can avoid overspending and keep your money in check.
__2__
When you head out to the mall, take only the amount of cash that you anticipate you’ll need and leave credit cards at home. By doing this, you avoid the temptation (诱惑) of using the card on a spur (冲动) of the moment purchase, which is often the fastest way to find yourself in debt.
Start using a budget.
__3__ If you aren’t sure about how much you take home each month and how much your expenses add up to, you’ll continuously fall into the trap of buying all the things you think you can afford only to get a rude awakening at the end of the month when your bank account isn’t looking too great.
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
Track your spending.
Those small things you buy on a regular basis can really add up by the end of the month. The best way to keep control of your money is to track everything you’re spending it on. __4__
__5__ Let’s not allow ourselves to fall into the trap of overspending on unnecessary things in the new year.
A．Switch to cash only.
B．Make a list of what to buy.
C．There are many reasons why we overspend.
D．We’re going through enough stress as it is.
E．Here are some other reasons why you can;t set aside savings.
F．By following this simple step, you’ll also learn to respect your money more.
G．Not having a spending plan is one of the main reasons why people can’t seem to stop spending money.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了控制消费的方法，从而避免超支。
1．C　根据设空处前一句Do you ever have months where you struggle to keep your money under control 和设空处后一句One of these reasons could be that we aren’t aware of our true spending habits.可知，设空处为承上启下句。C项(我们超支的原因有很多)符合上下文语境。故选C项。
2．A　设空处为本段小标题。根据下文When you head out to the mall, take only the amount of cash that you anticipate you’ll need and leave credit cards at home.可知，作者建议我们只带预计需要的现金购物。所以A项(改为只用现金)符合下文语境。故选A项。
3．G　本段小标题为Start using a budget.，设空处后介绍了不做预算的后果。G项(没有消费计划是人们似乎无法停止消费的主要原因之一)统领本段并引出下文。故选G项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷7选5
4．F　根据上文中的The best way to keep control of your money is to track everything you’re spending it on.可知，记录所有开支能够帮助你控制消费。所以F项(通过这个简单的步骤，你也将学会更加尊重你的金钱)承接上文。故选F项。
5．D　根据下文中的Let’s not allow ourselves to fall into the trap of overspending on unnecessary things in the new year.可知，我们应避免陷入过度消费的陷阱。结合选项可知，D项(我们承受的压力已经足够大)符合语境。故选D项。
答案及解析
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
体裁：记叙文 题材：人物故事
[全国新高考Ⅱ2022] Like many young people, Jessica wants to travel the globe. Unlike most of them, this 25 year old is doing it __1__. She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore. It might sound like one long, expensive __2__, but the couple has an unusual way to make their travel __3__.
They’re part of a new form of the __4__ economy: an online group of house sitters. Throughout their no cost stays in __5__ homes, they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s __6__.
1. A．indoors B．online
C．single handed D．full time
2. A．game B．service
C．vacation D．procedure
3. A．safe B．busy
C．helpful D．affordable
4. A．local B．private
C．sharing D．agricultural
5. A．strangers’ B．parents’
C．co workers’ D．neighbors’
6. A．favor B．defense
C．honor D．absence
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
It’s not all sightseeing. The two travelers carefully __7__ their trips, scheduling their days around the pets that are sometimes difficult to __8__. But house sitting also offers a level of __9__ they can’t find in a hotel. “It’s like __10__ at a friend’s house,” Jessica says.
The couple has a high __11__ rate in getting accepted as house sitters and they always go beyond the homeowner’s __12__. For Jessica, that means __13__ plenty of pictures of happy pets, keeping the house __14__ and leaving a nice small gift before heading to the next house. “You want to make the homeowner feel that they made the right __15__,” she says.　
7. A．plan B．explain
C．compare D．complete
8. A．buy B．transport
C．choose D．please
9. A．support B．comfort
C．control D．attention
10. A．cooking B．staying
C．waiting D．studying
11. A．success B．survival
C．growth D．unemployment
12. A．budget B．abilities
C．expectations D．understanding
13．A．admiring B．donating
C．sending D．borrowing
14．A．clean B．open
C．simple D．empty
15．A．guess B．decision
C．response D．impression
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了杰茜卡和丈夫通过当看房人来环球旅行的故事。
1．D　根据下文She and her husband have spent the last two years traveling the world, stopping everywhere from Paris to Singapore.可知，这位25岁的年轻人和她的丈夫在过去的两年间一直在环游世界，即专职旅行。full time意为“全职地，专职地”，符合语境。indoors意为“在室内”；online意为“在线地”；single handed意为“独自”。
2．C　根据上文可知，杰茜卡在过去两年的时间里一直在专职环球旅行，所以这可能听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期。vacation意为“假期”，符合语境。service意为“服务”；procedure意为“手续”。
3．D　根据but可知，此处与上文构成转折关系，故本句表达了专职旅行可能听起来像是一个漫长而昂贵的假期，但这对夫妇有一种不同寻常的方式让他们可以负担得起自己的旅行。affordable意为“负担得起的”，符合语境。
4．C　根据下文economy: an online group of house sitters以及Throughout their no cost stays并结合常识可知，此处指共享经济。故sharing符合语境。local意为“当地的”；private意为“私人的”；agricultural意为“农业的”。
5．A　根据上文可知，他们在环球旅行，所以他们是住在世界各地的陌生人的家里。故strangers’符合语境。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
6．D　根据上文they feed pets and water plants in the homeowner’s可推断，他们应是在房主不在的时候喂宠物、给植物浇水。absence意为“缺席，不在”，符合语境。favor意为“帮助”；defense意为“防御”；honor意为“荣誉”。
7．A　根据下文中的scheduling可知，此处表示他们认真计划旅行。plan意为“计划”，符合语境。explain意为“解释”；compare意为“比较”；complete意为“完成”。
8．D　根据上文中的they feed pets可知，他们住在陌生人家里帮房主喂养宠物，由此可推知，此处指某些宠物有时很难取悦。please意为“使高兴”，符合语境。transport意为“运输”。
【知识拓展】please熟词生义
please常见的意思为“请，请问”，作感叹词，用于客气地请求或吩咐。但please在此处意为“使高兴，使满意”。如：He is a difficult man to please. 他是个难以取悦的人。
9．B　根据下文It’s like ________ at a friend’s house可推断，照看房屋也能提供一种在酒店里找不到的舒适感。comfort意为“舒适；舒服”，符合语境。support意为“支持”；control意为“控制”；attention意为“注意力”。
10．B　根据上文可知，他们环球旅行时住在陌生人的家里；再根据空前提到的好处可推知，此处指像
是住在朋友家一样，非常舒适。stay意为“暂住”，符合语境。cook意为“烹饪”。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
11．A　根据下文可知，杰茜卡和丈夫住在他人家里的时候做了很多事情，比如给宠物拍很多照片等，由此可推知，此处指他们被接受成为看房人的成功率很高。success意为“成功”，符合语境。survival意为“存活”；growth意为“生长”；unemployment意为“失业”。
12．C　根据下文提到这对夫妇做了很多让房主开心的事情可推知，他们的成功率高是因为他们总是超出房主的预期。expectation意为“预期”，符合语境。budget意为“预算”；ability意为“能力”；understanding意为“理解”。
13．C　根据上文可知，这对夫妇在房主不在家的时候帮忙照顾宠物，故此处应指把快乐的宠物的照片发给房主。send意为“发送”，符合语境。admire意为“钦佩”；donate意为“捐赠”。
14．A　根据上文可知，他们在照看房屋，所以此处指他们会保持房子的清洁。clean意为“清洁的；干净的”，符合语境。open意为“开放的”；simple意为“简单的”；empty意为“空的”。
15．B　根据语境可知，房主选择了他们当看房人，所以杰茜卡说他们想让房主觉得自己作出了正确的决定。decision意为“决定”，符合语境。guess意为“猜测”；response意为“回应”；impression意为“印象”。
Part Ⅱ 拓展阅读训练
刷完形填空
答案及解析
　Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
03
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
A
体裁：说明文 题材：科普知识
[湖北新高考联考协作体2022高二期末]Flowering plants, also known as angiosperms (被子植物), make up about 90 percent of the Kingdom Plantae. The total number of the described species is over 250,000, and many tropical species are as yet unnamed. During the past 130 million years, flowering plants have colonised every possible habitat on Earth, from sun baked deserts and windswept alpine (阿尔卑斯山的) summits to fertile grasslands and dense forests.
However, hundreds of millions of years ago, the earth was dominated by ferns (蕨类植物) and conifers (针叶树). Then, how have flowers evolved and spread to all parts of the world, thus changing the landscape from green and brown to a variety of colours
Actually, why angiosperms are successful and diverse on Earth has been debated for centuries. Even Charles Darwin himself called it a “mystery”, fearing this apparent sudden leap might challenge his theory of evolution.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
Now, to this puzzle, some scientists claim they have the answer.
Kevin Simonin, from San Francisco State University in California, US and other researchers wondered if the size of the plant’s genetic material—or genome (基因组)—might be important. They analysed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens, on the genome size of thousands of plants, including flowering plants, gymnosperms (a group of plants including conifers) and ferns. They then compared genome size with anatomical (结构上的) features.
This provides “strong evidence” that the success and rapid spread of flowering plants around the world is due to “genome downsizing”.
By shrinking the size of the genome, which is contained within the nucleus (细胞核) of the cell, plants can build smaller cells. In turn, this allows a greater carbon dioxide uptake and carbon gain from photosynthesis, the process by which plants use light energy to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar and oxygen.
The researchers say genome downsizing happens only in the angiosperms, and this was “a necessary condition for rapid growth rates among land plants”.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
1．According to this passage, what do we know about angiosperms
A．They belong to gymnosperms.
B．They add colours to the landscape of the earth.
C．They ruled the earth hundreds of millions of years ago.
D．They make up approximately 90% of the living species on Earth.
2．What can we infer from the text
A．Charles Darwin was quite confident of his theory of evolution.
B．Kevin Simonin found that flowering plants had smaller genomes.
C．Kevin Simonin works in the Royal Botanic Gardens.
D．Charles Darwin succeeded in figuring out the flower evolution.
答案及解析
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了被子植物能够在地球上占有优势的原因。
1．B　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Then, how have flowers evolved and spread to all parts of the world, thus changing the landscape from green and brown to a variety of colours 可知，被子植物为地球的风景增添了色彩。故选B项。
2．B 推理判断题。根据第五段第二句They analysed data held by the Royal Botanic Gardens, on the genome size of thousands of plants…可知，凯文·西莫宁和其他研究人员分析了被子植物、裸子植物和蕨类植物的基因组大小数据；再根据第六段内容可知，“基因组缩小”使得被子植物在全世界蔓延。由此可推知，凯文·西莫宁发现被子植物的基因组较小。故选B项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
3．Which of the following contributes to the success and diversity of angiosperms
A．Photosynthesis.
B．The larger nucleus.
C．The smaller genome.
D．The stronger cell.
4．What is the text
A．A brochure. B．A biography.
C．Science fiction. D．A scientific article.
答案及解析
3．C　细节理解题。根据第六段内容可知，被子植物在世界各地的成功和快速蔓延是由于“基因组缩小”，即更小的基因组有助于被子植物的成功和多样性。故选C项。
4．D　推理判断题。文章第一段指出，被子植物在植物界中十分常见；第二、三段提出问题，即为什么被子植物能够在全世界蔓延；接着后面几段给出原因。由此可知，本文主要讲的是被子植物能够在地球上占有优势的原因，是一篇科学文章。故选D项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
B
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历
[甘肃天水一中2022高二段测]My work started in 2003 at my local animal shelter’s Adoption Department. It seems like such a long time ago. In the 13 years that have passed, more than 50,000 animals have passed the doors of the shelter. Most of them, I do not remember. But occasionally there are animals who stand out. Tabby was one such animal.
Tabby was one of the many homeless dogs. What’s more, she was blind and deaf. Tabby’s chances of adoption seemed remote at best. But one day a woman named Loretta came to the shelter. Her son, Gary, who suffered from epilepsy (癫痫) had seen Tabby’s picture on the shelter’s website. They were interested in meeting her! Most boys would want a puppy, a dog who could grow with them and run through grassy fields on summer days. Tabby would never be able to do that. But as they say, “Love is blind.” After meeting her, they decided to adopt Tabby!
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
If Tabby’s story had simply ended with her successful adoption, it would still have been something very special indeed but it was what happened after her adoption that some might label as “magical” or perhaps even miraculous. As Gary and Tabby did everything together, they became so “in tune” with one another that Tabby began to telegraph Gary’s seizures (疾病发作) before they occurred, giving his family a warning that one was about to strike. What’s more, Gary seemed to be having fewer and fewer seizures since Tabby’s arrival.
How could it be There are some things that happen in this world that challenge all logic and understanding. Sometimes, the best that we can do is accept a miraculous thing, which we didn’t attempt to explain. Because when you try to explain it, you lose the beauty and wonder of it all.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
1．Which of the following can be used to describe Tabby
A．She was so lovely that she could be easily adopted.
B．She suffered a lot from the disease—epilepsy.
C．She was so strong that she could run very fast.
D．She was homeless and couldn’t see or hear.
2．What does the underlined word “miraculous” in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Amazing. B．Typical.
C．Interesting. D．Special.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者工作的动物收容所里有一只丧失听力和视力的流浪狗，但它最终得到了一个善良小男孩的收养。和这只小狗一起生活后，小男孩的癫痫也得到了神奇的控制。作者从这件事情中体会到了生活的惊喜与美好。
1．D　细节理解题。根据第二段中的Tabby was one of the many homeless dogs.What’s more, she was blind and deaf.可知，塔比是一只无家可归的狗，并且看不见、听不到。故选D项。
答案及解析
2．A　词义猜测题。根据第三段中的it was what happened after her adoption that some might label as “magical”可知，收养这只流浪狗之后发生的事情可称为“奇迹”；画线词前的even表示语气的加强，结合上文的magical一词可推断，miraculous的意思与magical相近，且语气更强，故miraculous意为“神奇的；不可思议的”，与amazing意思相近。故选A项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷阅读理解
3．What can we learn from this passage
A．Gary learnt about Tabby from a magazine.
B．Gary was cured in the company of Tabby.
C．Tabby could indicate a seizure before it struck.
D．Most boys would have the same decision as Gary.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A．Love Is Blind: A Miraculous Dog
B．Give Me Food: My Dear Master
C．Love Is Everywhere: A Poor Dog
D．Take Me Home: My Dear Boy
3．C　细节理解题。根据第三段中的As Gary and Tabby did everything together, they became so “in tune” with one another that Tabby began to telegraph Gary’s seizures before they occurred, giving his family a warning that one was about to strike.What’s more, Gary seemed to be having fewer and fewer seizures since Tabby’s arrival.可知，塔比能提示家人加里癫痫的发作。故选C项。
答案及解析
4．A　主旨大意题。文章讲述了一只丧失听力和视力的流浪狗被一个善良的小男孩收养后，小男孩的癫痫也得到了控制。结合第二段中的Love is blind.和最后一段中的Sometimes, the best that we can do is accept a miraculous thing, which we didn’t attempt to explain.可知，正因为爱是盲目的，塔比才能被接纳和收养，同时它的陪伴也有助于小男孩身体情况的改善，这是很神奇的一件事情，塔比也是一只神奇的狗。故A项“爱是盲目的：一只神奇
的狗”最适合作为本文的标题。故选A项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
体裁：说明文 题材：运动与健康
As is often the case, it is human nature to lead a sedentary (久坐不动的) lifestyle and most of us are so involved in our busy schedules that we don’t even notice our bad habits. Many worry about the “right time” or “right age” to start working out. __1__ Here’re some practical tips to help you get fit.
Master your mind. Most people argue that they are too tired or too old to start exercising. Doing so is much easier than trying to change the busy lifestyle. Change your mindset and be more confident in improving your health. __2__
Easy does it. Once you have chosen a fitness programme, start slowly and increase it in stages. Begin with just a few minutes of gentle exercises and stretches. __3__ About 30 minutes should be devoted to your workout. As your body starts to respond and your muscles get used to the exercises, you can gradually increase the length of your workout.
Always warm up. Always remember to warm up your muscles before exercising. Gentle warm ups will reduce your risk of injuries, aches and pains, and increase blood circulation and flexibility.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
__4__ There’s no quick access to getting fit. It’s a common mistake to do too much too soon. If you don’t know how to balance your needs and your expectations, you might seriously injure your muscles or just create stress.
Cool down. When you finish your routine, you need to cool your muscles down and let your heart rate slow gradually. __5__
A．Don’t overload your body.
B．Never ignore your potential.
C．Tell your body to be more active and say, “I can do it.”
D．However, nobody cares about what you have done for them.
E．Go next to do some mild activities such as walking, jogging or cycling.
F．Cooling down will help your body to return to its pre exercise level.
G．But it’s never too late for them to start exercising and all they need is enough determination.
1．________　2.________　3.________　4.________　5.________
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 1 刷7选5
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何改变久坐的坏习惯，并提供了一些帮助人们开始锻炼的建议。
1．G　根据设空处上一句Many worry about the “right time” or “right age” to start working out.和设空处下一句引出建议可知，设空处应承上启下，表示任何时候开始锻炼都不晚，G项符合语境，G项中的them和they 指代前面的Many。故选G项。
2．C　根据本段主旨句Master your mind.和空前的Change your mindset and be more confident in improving your health.一句中的confident 可知，此处是说要改变你的心态，并且要对改善你的健康更有信心。C项(让你的身体更加活跃，并告诉自己：我能做到)承接上文，符合语境。
3．E　本段讲锻炼的步骤，根据空前的Begin with just a few minutes of gentle exercises and stretches.以及空后的About 30 minutes 可知，此处应接着说接下来要做的锻炼类型，E项(接下来去做一些不剧烈的活动，例如散步、慢跑或骑行)符合语境。E项中的Go next与上文的Begin with呼应。
4．A　根据空后的There’s no quick access to getting fit.It’s a common mistake to do too much too soon.可知，本段是建议不要让你的身体超负荷运行。A项中的overload与空后的do too much too soon相呼应，故选A项。
5．F　本段中的关键句为Cool down.，F项中的Cooling down与之呼应，此处总结该段内容，即放松下
来会帮助你的身体恢复到运动前的水平。故选F项。
答案及解析
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历
[山东潍坊2021三模]It was a small graduation party. Only Ed, Max, Raul and I were there. All three men, each over the age of fifty, had achieved a __1__ in their lives. They could __2__.
Overcoming decades of __3__ and a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy, these three men had signed up for a free three month course, taught by me.
“I take the bus every day to work,” said Ed. “Having done for over thirty years, just yesterday I __4__ what the words ‘Emergency Exit’ mean.” Max reported that he was __5__ to understand much of sports articles on his beloved Dallas Cowboys in Monday’s newspaper.
__6__, his break time was spent __7__ to read in the hope that his co workers would never discover his shameful secret. As our final night came to a close, Raul took my hand between his rough ones: “You gave me a __8__. You gave me a new life.”
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
1．A．first B．medal
C．career D．prize
2．A．work B．survive
C．read D．drive
3．A．sorrow B．depression
C．threat D．embarrassment
4．A．heard about B．looked through
C．put forward D．figured out
5．A．likely B．able
C．cautious D．eager
6．A．Ultimately B．Lately
C．Previously D．Gradually
7．A．learning B．continuing
C．managing D．pretending
8．A．future B．choice
C．break D．lesson
Being so young, I did not grasp the full __9__ of his simple statement until my own grey hairs appeared, and a(n) __10__ downturn robbed me of my work and income security. Now I’m the __11__ of my former pupils and my future needs a __12__ button. I realise that limiting my destiny (命运) because of my age or my lack of skills is __13__. A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me as long as I have the courage to __14__ it out and work for it.
Like Ed, Max and Raul, I am determined to make a new life for myself. They __15__ me well.　　　　　　　　　　　
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
9．A．purpose B．wisdom
C．comment D．background
10．A．educational B．scientific
C．physical D．economic
11．A．age B．example
C．image D．guide
12．A．control B．restart
C．function D．play
13．A．crucial B．reasonable
C．foolish D．annoying
14．A．seek B．let
C．bring D．carry
15．A．trained B．taught
C．cloned D．amused
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者年轻时教会了三个年过五十的人识字，他们说作者给了他们全新的生活。作者当时没有完全明白。到作者年老时，由于经济衰退失去了工作和收入来源，这时他才明白因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的，他决心为自己开启新的生活。
1．A　句意为：这三个年过五十的人都取得了人生中的空前成就。根据下文Overcoming decades of ________ and a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy, these three men had signed up for a free three month course, taught by me.可知，此处是指这三个年过五十的人都取得了人生中的空前成就。first意为“空前的成就”；medal意为“勋章；奖章”；career意为“生涯”；prize意为“奖品”。故选A项。
2．C　句意为：他们可以阅读了。根据下文Overcoming decades of ________ and a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy可知，他们一直在隐瞒自己不识字的事实，此处是指他们可以阅读了。work意为“工作”；survive意为“生存”；read意为“阅读”；drive意为“驾驶”。故选C项。
3．D　句意为：这三个人克服了几十年的尴尬和一生都在隐瞒不识字的事实，报名参加了一个由我教授的为期三个月的免费课程。根据a lifetime of covering up their illiteracy可知，此处是指几十年不识字的窘迫。
sorrow意为“悲伤”；depression意为“消沉”；threat意为“威胁”；embarrassment意为“尴尬”。故选D项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
4．D　句意为：“……就在昨天我才明白‘紧急出口’这几个字是什么意思。”根据下文的understand much of sports articles (能理解体育文章的大部分内容)可知，此处是指埃德理解了“紧急出口”是什么意思。hear about意为“听说”；look through意为“浏览”；put forward意为“提出”；figure out意为“弄懂”。故选D项。
5．B　句意为：马克斯说，他能够理解周一报纸上关于他喜爱的达拉斯牛仔队的体育文章的大部分内容。根据上文的They could ________ 可知，此处是指他能够理解报纸上的信息。likely意为“可能的”；able意为“能够”；cautious意为“谨慎的”；eager意为“渴望的”。故选B项。
6．C　句意为：此前，他的休息时间都用来假装阅读，希望同事们永远不会发现他那丢脸的秘密。根据上文中的Max reported that he was ________ to understand much of sports articles on his beloved Dallas Cowboys in Monday’s newspaper.可知，他假装阅读是之前的事。ultimately意为“基本上”；lately意为“近来，不久前”；previously意为“此前”；gradually意为“逐渐地”。故选C项。
7．D　句意见上一题解析。根据下文in the hope that his co workers would never discover his shameful secret可知，此处是指他的休息时间都用来假装阅读。learn意为“学习”；continue意为“继续”；manage意为“设法做
成”；pretend意为“假装”。故选D项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
8．A　句意为：你给了我一个未来。根据下文You gave me a new life. (你给了我全新的生活)可知，此处是指埃德说作者给了他未来。future意为“未来”；choice意为“选择”；break意为“休息”；lesson意为“教训”。故选A项。
9．B　句意为：当时我还很年轻，直到我头发花白，我才明白他这句简单的话的全部智慧。这时，经济衰退剥夺了我的工作和收入保障。根据下文的A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me (一个有很多美好机会的未来可能属于我)可知，此处是指“我”才明白他这句简单的话的全部智慧。purpose意为“目的”；wisdom意为“智慧”；comment意为“评论”；background意为“背景”。故选B项。
10．D　句意见上一题解析。根据下文robbed me of my work and income security可知，此处是指经济衰退。educational意为“教育的”；scientific意为“科学的”；physical意为“身体的”；economic意为“经济的”。故选D项。
11．A　句意为：现在我的年龄和我以前的学生差不多了，我的未来需要一个重新开始的按钮。根据上文的my own grey hairs appeared可知，此处是指现在“我”的年龄和“我”以前的学生差不多了。age意为“年龄”；example意为“例子”；image意为“图像”；guide意为“指南”。故选A项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
12．B　句意见上一题解析。根据下文的I am determined to make a new life for myself (我决心为自己开启新的生活)可知，此处是指“我”的未来需要一个重新开始的按钮。control意为“控制”；restart意为“重新开始”；function意为“功能”；play意为“娱乐；比赛”。故选B项。
13．C　句意为：我意识到，因为我的年龄或技能的缺乏而限制我的命运是愚蠢的。根据A future with many wonderful opportunities could belong to me可知，作者认为自己会有充满机遇的未来，所以此处是指因为年龄或技能的缺乏而限制自己的命运是愚蠢的。crucial意为“重要的”；reasonable意为“合理的”；foolish意为“愚蠢的”；annoying意为“恼人的”。故选C项。
14．B　句意为：一个充满美好机遇的未来是属于我的，只要我勇于去寻找并为之努力。根据work for it可知，此处是指勇于去寻找。seek out意为“寻找”；let out意为“突然发出”；bring out意为“产出”；carry out意为“进行”。故选A项。
15．B　句意为：他们教会我很多。根据上文Like Ed, Max and Raul, I am determined to make a new life
for myself. (就像埃德、马克斯和劳尔一样，我决心为自己开启新的生活)可知，此处是指“我”从他们身
上学到很多。train意为“训练”；teach意为“教导”；clone意为“克隆”；amuse意为“使开心”。故选B项。
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷完形填空
答案及解析
体裁：说明文　 题材：海洋探索
[广西南宁部分学校2022高二联考] Deep below the ocean’s surface is a mysterious world that takes up 95% of Earth’s living space. But the deep sea remains 1________ (large) unexplored. Dive down 650 feet, and you will notice that light starts fading rapidly. The deeper you dive, the 2________ (low) the temperature becomes. At 13,000 feet, the temperature stays around freezing point, and there’s no sunlight at all. Yet there is life—an astonishing variety of 3________ (creature) that you’ll never imagine. You can’t dive to the deep ocean on your own. But scientists now have advanced technologies 4________ (explore) this vast frontier.
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．largely　句意为：但深海在很大程度上仍然未被开发。设空处修饰后面的形容词unexplored，应用副词作状语。故填largely。
2．lower　句意为：你潜得越深，温度就变得越低。此处为“the+比较级…，the＋比较级…”结构，表示“越……越……”，设空处应用形容词的比较级。故填lower。
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了针对深海的探索发现，包括其环境特点和生物特点。
答案及解析
3．creatures　句意为：但那里有生命，有你绝对想象不到的种类惊人的生物。a variety of为固定搭配，意为“各种各样的”，此处表示“种类惊人的生物”，应用名词的复数形式。故填creatures。
4．to explore　句意为：但是科学家们现在有先进的技术来探索这一广阔的前沿领域。此处应用不定式短语作目的状语。故填to explore。
It’s hard to imagine that thousands of fascinating animals have adapted to life in this 5________ (challenge) environment. Many of them look quite strange. Some have huge eyes while others seem to be all mouths. Their jaws—often filled with sharp teeth—6________ (be) always open.
The Census of Marine Life is an international project, 7________ records the diversity, distribution, 8________ abundance of life in the ocean. The researchers have discovered more than 5,000 new species so far.The data and information—30 million records 9________ (collect) by the Census and 2,600 papers contributing 10________ the scientific literature—will serve as a baseline in the coming years.
Exercise 2 刷语法填空
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
5．challenging　句意为：很难想象，成千上万神奇的动物已经适应了这种充满挑战的生活环境。根据空前的this及空后的名词environment可知，此处修饰名词，作定语，应填形容词；根据语境可知，此处表示“充满挑战的”，故填challenging。
6．are　句意为：它们的嘴巴——通常长满了锋利的牙齿——总是张开的。分析句子结构可知，设空处作谓语。此处描述客观事实，应用一般现在时，主语是Their jaws，为复数形式。故填are。
7．which　句意为：海洋生物普查计划是一个国际项目，它记录了海洋生物的多样性、分布和丰富度。分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句，在从句中作主语，指代表示物的先行词project，应用关系代词which引导该从句。
8．and　句意见上一题解析。设空处连接diversity, distribution和abundance作records的宾语，表示并列。故填and。
9．collected　句意为：数据和信息——由普查计划收集的3,000万份记录和2,600份对科学文献作出贡献的论文——将作为未来几年的基线。此处作后置定语，collect与30 million records之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填collected。
10．to　句意见上一题解析。contribute to…为固定用法，意为“对……有贡献”，故填to。
假定你是李华，你的笔友Tom最近了解到中国的“新四大发明”，并对其中的移动支付 (mobile payment) 非常感兴趣，他来信希望你能简单地向他介绍一下移动支付，并且谈谈你对移动支付的看法。请你用英语给他写回信。
注意：1. 词数80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear Tom,
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷应用文写作
【写作提示】
1．写作要点：(1)表明写信目的；(2)向对方简单地介绍移动支付；(3)谈谈你对移动支付的看法。
2．提分词句：briefly; pay for; save sb the trouble of doing sth; in a more convenient way; reveal; Learning that… 现在分词短语作状语；It is… that… 强调句式等。
【参考范文】
Dear Tom,
Learning that you are interested in China’s four great new inventions, I’m writing to briefly introduce one of the four inventions—mobile payment to you.Mobile payment is a kind of service that you can pay for things using your phone instead of cash, credit cards or something else.It is the widespread use of mobile payment that saves us the trouble of taking cash.
In my opinion, I’m in favour of mobile payment because we can buy things in a more convenient way.However, personal information could be revealed easily, so we need to use it properly.If you want to know more, feel free to ask. Looking forward to your reply!
Yours,
Li Hua
Part Ⅲ 单元限时作业
Exercise 2 刷应用文写作