人教版（2019）选择性必修 第二册Unit 1 Science and Scientists Reading and Thinking 必刷题 课件(共92张PPT)

(共92张PPT)
选择性必修第二册
Unit 1 Science and Scientists
01
Period Ⅰ Reading and Thinking
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Facing the serious situation, the hospital has set up medical tents to avoid cross _________ （infect）
among patients.
infection
解析 句意为：面对严峻的形势，这家医院已经搭起了医疗帐篷，以避免病人之间的交叉感染。设空处作avoid的宾语，应用名词。cross infection 意为“交叉感染”。故填infection。
2.Like many other cleaners, my job at the hospital is _______ （pure） voluntary.
purely
解析 句意为：和许多其他清洁工一样，我在医院的工作完全是自愿的。修饰形容词应用副词。故填purely。
3.A new study has found no evident ______ （prove） that sunscreen increases the risk of skin cancer.
proof
解析 句意为：一项新的研究发现没有明显的证据表明防晒霜会增加患皮肤癌的风险。设空处作has found的宾语，且其前有形容词修饰，应用名词。故填proof。此处that引导同位语从句，作proof的同位语，解释说明proof的内容。
4.The drug, which is suspected ___ having serious side effects, has been withdrawn from the market.
of
解析 句意为：这种药被怀疑有严重的副作用，已经停止销售。suspect… of doing sth为固定搭配，意为“怀疑……做某事”，此处为其被动形式，即be suspected of doing sth。
5.Not many people subscribe ___the idea that money brings happiness.
to
解析 句意为：没有多少人赞同金钱能带来幸福这一看法。subscribe to 意为“赞成”，故填to。
6.Thanks ___ the terrible coldness, the animal's tissue was preserved enough for the scientists to obtain
samples.
to
解析 句意为：多亏了天气严寒，动物组织保存得足够完好，科学家们可以取得样本。thanks to为固定短语， 意为“多亏”。
7.The poor grades of school children are also frequently linked _______ the time spent on social
networking sites.
to/with
解析 句意为：学生成绩差也经常与花费在社交网站上的时间有关。be linked to/with… 意为“与……有关”。故填to/with。
8.Mrs Brown was much disappointed to see the washing machine that she had had ________ （repair）
went wrong again.
repaired
解析 句意为：看到被人修过的洗衣机又出毛病了，布朗夫人很失望。have sth done 意为“让某事被做”。故填repaired。
9.He studied hard and later became a well-known physician, which was ______his father had expected.
what
解析 句意为：他努力学习，后来成了一名著名的医生，这正是他父亲所期望的。was后是表语从句，从句中缺少宾语， 表示“……的事/东西”，所以应用连接代词what。
10.The most pleasant thing of the rainy season is _____ one can be entirely free from dust.
that
解析 句意为：雨季最愉快的事情是人们可以完全不受沙尘的困扰。is后是表语从句，从句意义完整且不缺成分，所以应用连接词that。
根据提示补全句子。
1.到目前为止，多达47人已感染了这种病毒。（infect）
So far, as many as 47 people ______ ______ ________ _____ the virus.
have
been
infected
with
2.只用了20年，这个国家就变成了一个先进的工业强国。（transform; advance）
In only 20 years, the country ____ ______ ___________ _____ ____ _________ industrial power.
has
been
transformed
into
an
advanced
3.是你和你的父母对这次严重的事故负有责任。（blame）
It is you, together with your parents _________ ____ ___ _______ ____ this terrible accident.
that/who
are
to
blame
for
4.人们处理压力的能力不同。（handle）
People differ from one another in _____ _______ ___ _______ ______.
their
ability
to
handle
stress
5.令人欣慰的是，在过去的十年里，医学取得了许多进步。（what引导名词性从句； see）
_______ ___________ ___ _____ the last decade ____ _____ ______ _________ in medical science.
What's
comforting
is
that
has
seen
many
advances
&1& 体裁：记叙文 &2& 题材：人物故事 &3& 词数：207 &4& 难度：&5& &6& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Cholera used to be one of the most feared diseases, for no one knew how to prevent or treat it.In
the early 19th century, when 1. . outbreak of cholera hit Europe, millions of people died from the
disease.John Snow was a famous doctor in London, who even 2. . （attend） to Queen Victoria
when she gave birth.He was determined 3. . （destroy） cholera once and for all.
Doctors then were 4. . （interest） in two contradictory theories which explained how
cholera spread.The first held that cholera was spread in the air.The other was 5. . cholera was
caused by an infection from germs in food or water.John Snow subscribed 6. . the second theory, but
he needed proof.
an
attended
to destroy
interested
that
to
So when another outbreak hit London in 1854, he began his investigation.By mapping 7. .
（exact） where all those who died had lived, he found that multiple deaths 8. . （link） to the
outbreak were caused by the water from a pump, so he had the handle of the pump removed.Soon
afterwards the disease was stopped in its tracks.
Through Snow's tireless efforts, the threat of cholera around the world saw a substantial decrease.He
transformed the way9. . （scientist） study diseases by using maps and statistics, for which he
10. . （consider） the father of modern epidemiology.
exactly
linked
scientists
is considered
1.____
an
解析 outbreak为可数名词，此处泛指一次霍乱爆发，所以应用不定冠词。outbreak的发音以元音音素开头，故填an。
2._________
attended
解析 此处attend是定语从句的谓语动词，动作发生在过去，所以应用过去式。
3.__________
to destroy
解析 be determined to do sth 意为“下定决心做某事”。故填to destroy。
4.__________
interested
解析 be interested in… 意为“对……感兴趣”。
5._____
that
解析 _______ cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water是表语从句，从句不缺成分且意义完整，所以应用连接词that。
6.___
to
解析 subscribe to 为固定搭配，意为“赞同”。
7.________
exactly
解析 修饰动名词mapping 应用副词。
8._______
linked
解析 found后的宾语从句中有谓语were caused，故设空处应用非谓语动词，link与deaths之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词作后置定语。
9._________
scientists
解析 scientist是可数名词，根据study及语境可知，此处应用复数。
10._____________
is considered
解析 此处指“被认为”，应用被动语态。从句陈述客观事实，故用一般现在时。从句主语为he，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。
&7& 体裁：说明文 &8& 题材：科学技术 &9& 词数：238 &10& 难度：&11& &12& 建议用时：8分钟
[广东广州天河区2023高二月考] 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The Great Wall, 1. . （run） for more than 21,000 kilometres, is a historical landmark with
worldwide fame, but climbing it is hard.Everyone may have some knowledge of it more or less, while
only a handful of people may have the skill to 2. . （physical） participate in its restoration
（修复）.
However, a WeChat mini-program, Great Wall E-tour, is allowing every enthusiast to be a hero in a
virtual world, in 3. . one not just visits the Great Wall, but also protects it.The program
4. . （attract） considerable attention in recent weeks and has got a large user group. Around
50,000 high definition pictures of the Xipanjiakou site of the Great Wall are used to offer users a
5. . （remark） experience.
running
physically
which
has attracted
remarkable
Liu Yuzhu, head of the China Foundation For Cultural Heritage Conservation, says an agreement
with Tencent 6. . （reach） to make people more aware of the historical landmark years
ago.“We made documentaries and published animated books in the past.These are popular, but the Great
Wall is plex structure and deserves more attention.So we tried something new,” Liu says.“A
series of mini-programs like 8. . （we） have been launched in China, with a combination 9. .
public education and restoration of relics through digitisation.” Though there are bottlenecks （瓶颈）
that need to be removed, the future is bright.“There's no 10. . （short） of new ideas speaking
of protecting relics,” Liu adds.
was reached
a
ours
of
shortage
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。攀登长城并非易事，保护长城更加困难。微信小程序“云游长城”通过虚拟现实技术将中国长城再现，使人们能够更加容易地游览并保护长城。
1.________
running
解析 句意为：长城绵延2.1万多千米，是举世闻名的历史地标，但攀登长城却很难。分析句子结构可知，but连接两个并列分句，第一个分句中已有谓语动词is，因此设空处应用非谓语动词，run与The Great Wall之间是逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。run在此处意为“伸展；延伸”。故填running。
2.__________
physically
解析 句意为：每个人可能都或多或少对长城有一些了解，然而只有少数人拥有可以身体力行参与长城修复的技能。设空处修饰动词短语participate in，应用副词。故填physically。
3._______
which
解析 句意为：然而，微信小程序“云游长城”让每个爱好者在虚拟世界中成为英雄。在这个虚拟世界里，人们不仅可以参观长城，而且还能保护它。设空处与前面的介词in连用，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰
a virtual world，此处in which相当于where。故填which。
【知识拓展】“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句的用法
“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，“介词+关系代词”整体在定语从句中作状语。在该结构中，关系代词通常用whom, which, 注意在该结构中，关系代词不可用that。如：She came into the house, in which there was a portrait of Einstein.她进入了房间，在那里有一张爱因斯坦的画像。
4.____________
has attracted
解析 句意为：这个小程序在最近几周引起了广泛关注，并有了庞大的用户群体。根据时间状语in recent weeks可知，此处应用现在完成时。故填has attracted。
5.___________
remarkable
解析 句意为：该小程序使用约50,000张高清的西潘家口段长城遗址图片，为用户提供非凡的体验。设空处作定语修饰名词experience，应用形容词。remarkable意为“非凡的；奇异的；显著的；引人注目的”。故填remarkable。
6.____________
was reached
解析 句意为：中国文物保护基金会理事长刘玉珠表示，他们多年前与腾讯公司达成了一项协议以让人们更加了解这一历史地标。分析句子结构可知，设空处在从句中作谓语，an agreement与reach之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；再根据时间状语years ago可知，此处描述发生在过去的动作，应用一般过去时。故填was reached。
7.___
a
解析 句意为：这些都很受欢迎，但长城是一个复杂的建筑物，应该被给予更多的关注。根据句意可知，此处表示泛指，且complex的发音以辅音音素开头，所以应用不定冠词a。故填a。
8._____
ours
解析 句意为：“一系列与‘云游长城’类似的小程序已经在中国推出，它们通过数字化的方式把公众教育与遗迹修复结合起来。”此处表示“我们的小程序”，应填名词性物主代词，相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词”。故填ours。
9.___
of
解析 句意见上一题解析。a combination of… 意为“……的结合”，为固定搭配。故填of。
10._________
shortage
解析 句意为：“说到保护遗迹，从来不缺少新的想法。”刘玉珠补充道。根据空前的There's no和空后的of可知，设空处应填名词。shortage意为“不足；缺少；短缺”。故填shortage。
A[陕西西安长安一中2023高二期中]
&13& 体裁：说明文 &14& 题材：科普知识 &15& 词数：284 &16& 难度：&17& &18& 建议用时：7分钟
Muscles make an excellent vaccine （疫苗） administration site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.These immune cells recognise the antigen, a tiny piece of a virus or bacteria introduced by the vaccine that stimulates an immune response.In the case of the COVID-19 vaccine the immune cells in the muscle tissue pick up these antigens and present them to the lymph nodes （淋巴结）.Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localised, allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get them to work.Once a vaccine is recognised by the immune cells in the muscle, these cells carry the antigen to lymph vessels, which transport the antigen-carrying immune cells into the lymph nodes.Lymph nodes, important parts of our immune system, contain more immune cells that recognise the antigens in vaccines and start the immune process of creating antibodies.
Muscle tissue also tends to keep vaccine reactions localised.Injecting a vaccine into the deltoid muscle （三角肌） may result in local soreness at the injection site.If certain vaccines are injected into fat tissue, the chance of pain, redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.
Yet another deciding factor in the vaccine administration location is the size of the muscle. Adults and children aged three and older tend to receive vaccines in their upper arm in the deltoid muscle. Younger children receive their vaccines at their mid-thigh （大腿中部） because their arm muscles are smaller and less developed.
Another consideration during vaccine administration is convenience and patient acceptability.Can you imagine taking down your pants at a clinic with strangers around Rolling up your sleeve is much easier and more preferred.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了肌肉是很好的疫苗注射部位，并陈述了几点理由。
1.What does the underlined phrase “pick up” in the first paragraph mean ( )
A.Gather. B.Clean up. C.Identify. D.Come down with.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第一段中的These immune cells recognise the antigen和画线短语所在句后面的内容可知，在注射疫苗时，免疫系统的工作原理是肌肉中的免疫细胞识别疫苗所携带的抗原，再将抗原信号呈递给淋巴结组织，进而完成免疫反应。画线短语所在句是以新型冠状病毒疫苗为例说明这一过程，此处pick up应表示“识别”，与C项“Identify”意义相近。故选C项。
2.Why do muscles make a good vaccine administration site ( )
A
A.Muscle tissue contains vital immune cells. B.Muscle tissue stimulates immune responses.
C.Muscles can easily recognise bacteria. D.Muscles can prevent reproduction of viruses.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的Muscles make an excellent vaccine administration site because muscle tissue contains important immune cells.可知，肌肉是很好的疫苗注射部位是因为肌肉组织含有重要的免疫细胞。故选A项。
C
3.What could be a result of injecting vaccines into fat tissue ( )
B
A.Poor blood supply. B.Local pain. C.Rapid fat loss. D.Better absorption.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的If certain vaccines are injected into fat tissue, the chance of pain, redness or swelling increases because fat tissue has poor blood supply, leading to poor absorption of some vaccine components.可知，在脂肪组织中注射疫苗更有可能导致局部疼痛。故选B项。
4.Where is the passage most likely taken from ( )
D
A.An advertisement. B.A novel. C.A speech. D.A journal.
解析 推理判断题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要说明了肌肉是很好的疫苗注射部位，并陈述了几点理由。由此可推知，本文最有可能选自健康杂志。故选D项。
【方法总结】如何判断文章类型或推测文章出处
准确推断文章的出处源于对文章主题的正确把握。我们可以在阅读时找准文章的主题句，再根据细节判断目标读者，从而推断文章出处。另外，我们可以结合常识，将文章内容与自己了解的知识联系起来进行判断。比如，要对报告、报纸、杂志、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南、操作指南等文章类型有基本的了解，这样能够根据文章的特点对号入座，从而选出正确答案。
长难句分析
Injecting the vaccine into muscle tissue keeps the vaccine localised,
动名词短语作主语 谓语 宾语 宾补
allowing immune cells to sound the alarm to other immune cells and get them to work.
现在分词短语作状语
句意：将疫苗注射到肌肉组织中可以让疫苗停留在局部，肌肉部位的免疫细胞会向其他免疫细胞发出警报，通知它们开始工作。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
response n.反应；响应
进阶词汇
localised adj.局部的；在小范围内的
熟词生义
administration 熟义：n.（企业、学校等的）管理；行政生义：n.（药物的）施用
词缀拓展
anti- prefix 反；抗；防止 antigen n.抗原 antibody n.抗体
B
&19& 体裁：说明文 &20& 题材：科普知识 &21& 词数：344 &22& 难度：&23& &24& 建议用时：8分钟
Scientists are working to stop a deadly virus that infects pigs.This African swine fever （非洲猪瘟） virus is causing huge losses for farmers in China and other Asian countries.Many farmers have tried to contain it by destroying infected animals. But the spread of the disease into East Asia has stepped up the search for other ways to deal with the problem.
The virus had not been considered a major concern for researchers until it appeared in China in 2018.Chinese farmers raise about half of the world's pigs.Some researchers think the virus might have come from infected animals in Eastern Europe or Russia.Since then, it has spread to China, Vietnam and other Asian countries.Millions of pigs have been destroyed.
Although the virus does not sicken people, it is very infectious and deadly to pigs.As the deadly virus kills pigs across Asia, scientists are sparing no effort to develop a vaccine （疫苗）.“Today's situation, where you have this global danger, puts a lot more emphasis on it,” said Doctor Luis Rodriguez, who leads the United States government laboratory for foreign animal diseases.
Vaccines are often developed by killing a virus before it is put into an animal's body.The disabled virus does not make the animal sick, but it activates the body's natural defences against disease.The immune system is then able to identify the virus and produce antibodies against it.However, this method is not effective with all viruses including the one that causes African swine fever.Scientists have been working on a different kind of vaccine.It is made from a weakened virus, not a dead one.The problem for researchers has been how to change the virus so it can be safely used.
Vietnam's government reported a few weeks ago that it was testing vaccines, but provided few details.In China, the government said scientists are working on a vaccine that genetically changes the virus, which is similar to a method being used by scientists in the US.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们正致力于研发对抗非洲猪瘟病毒的疫苗。
1.What caused the researchers' deeper concern ( )
A
A.The virus' appearance in China. B.The disease's damage to people's health.
C.The death rate of pigs all over the world. D.The failure of vaccine's development.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的The virus had not been considered a major concern for researchers until it appeared in China in 2018.可知，该病毒在中国的出现引起了研究人员更密切的关注。故选A项。
2.What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Paragraph 3 ( )
A
A.Developing a vaccine. B.Curing the infected pigs.
C.Finding the origins of the virus. D.Studying the harmful effects on people.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第三段中的As the deadly virus kills pigs across Asia, scientists are sparing no effort to develop a vaccine.可知，今天的情况是，当人们面临这种全球性的危险时，人们会更加注重疫苗的研发。由此可知，it指代上文提到的研制疫苗。故选A项。
3.What can we learn about the vaccines against African swine fever ( )
D
A.They are developed from a dead virus.
B.Regular developing methods apply to them.
C.China and the US have different methods of developing them.
D.The genetic change of the virus may be a breakthrough in the vaccines.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段内容可知，通常的疫苗都是灭活的病毒，但这种疫苗对非洲猪瘟病毒无效，科学家们正在研制一种完全不同的疫苗，即降低病毒的活性而不将其杀死，目前研究者遇到的问题是如何改变这种病毒，使其能够安全使用。根据最后一段中的In China, the government said scientists are working on a vaccine that genetically changes the virus, which is similar to a method being used by scientists in the US.可知，中国的科学家们正在研究一种能改变病毒基因的疫苗，这种方法类似于美国科学家正在使用的方法。由此可推断，如果科学家们能够研究出针对非洲猪瘟病毒的基因改造方法，那么疫苗的研制将会取得重大突破。故选D项。
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the text ( )
C
A.Government Places Much Stress on Virus Research
B.African Swine Fever Leads to the Deaths of Lots of Pigs
C.Scientists Hurry to Develop Vaccine Against African Swine Fever
D.Research on Animal Diseases Makes Great Progress
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Scientists are working to stop a deadly virus that infects pigs.以及下文的介绍可知，科学家们正致力于研制对抗非洲猪瘟病毒的疫苗,所以本文的最佳标题为“科学家们急于研制防止感染非洲猪瘟的疫苗”。故选C项。
长难句分析
In China, the government said {scientists are working on a vaccine
状语 主语 谓语 主句
that genetically changes the virus,
that 引导定语从句
which is similar to a method being used by scientists in the US}宾语从句.
which 引导定语从句
句意：在中国，政府称科学家们正在致力于研制一种改变病毒基因的疫苗，这与美国科学家正在使用的一种方法类似。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.infected adj.感染病菌的
2.spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力地做某事
进阶词汇
genetically adv.从遗传学角度；从基因方面
[山东滨州2023高二期中] &25& 体裁：说明文 &26& 题材：科普知识 &27& 词数：266 &28& 难度：&29& &30&
建议用时：8分钟
Asking for help can feel scary.We may worry that the request will be rejected or that it will be a
burden to the helper.1. . And afterwards, they often feel better about having helped than we expect.
Scientists conducted a series of experiments.Altogether, more than 2,100 people were involved in
the research.In one experiment, participants had to ask strangers to take photos for them at a public
botanical garden.In another, participants answered questions about times when they had either asked for
or given help.Researchers had the “askers” guess how the “helpers” might feel about the request.2. .
In each experiment, people who asked for help underestimated the helpers' willingness to assist and
how good they would feel afterwards.3. . However, only 4 out of 100 people refused to take the photo,
and those who did take one said they felt relatively good about doing this helpful act for a stranger.
E
B
G
4. . Aiding others can create what is known as a “helper's high”, reducing stress and providing a
sense of meaning and connection.“We feel good making a positive difference in other people's lives,”
said Xuan Zhao, co-author of the new study.
Despite these benefits, the study authors said that askers' fears functioned like “barriers”, stopping
them from making a request.They noted that the type of request and cultural differences could affect the
way people react.The study's results suggest, however, that people are usually happy to lend a hand.5. .
Zhao said this research should provide some reassurance because “you might be really underestimating
how willing others are to help.”
D
F
A.The askers expressed rather different opinions.
B.Then they asked the helpers how they actually felt.
C.Studies show that helping someone out makes both feel good.
D.Past research has shown that doing kind acts can boost people's health.
E.But new research shows that people are more willing to help out than we think.
F.Experts say that if asking for help feels uncomfortable, it can be useful to practise.
G.For example, askers expected strangers to feel inconvenienced by a request to take a photo.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们进行了一系列实验后得出结论：当人们请求他人帮助时，对方通常乐于伸出援手。
1.___
E
解析 前文We may worry that the request will be rejected or that it will be a burden to the helper.说的是人们对求助的担心；后文中的And afterwards, they often feel better about having helped than we expect.说的是他人对帮助别人的感觉往往比我们预期的要好。由此可知，设空处应承上启下，由上文提到担心会被拒绝和下文提到比预期效果要好可以推测设空处的句子表示转折，E项符合语境。故选E项。
2.___
B
解析 根据前文中的In another, participants answered questions about times when they had either asked for or given help.Researchers had the “askers” guess how the “helpers” might feel about the request.可知，设空处的句子应与之承接，B项中的helpers与上文中的“helpers”对应，符合语境。故选B项。
3.___
G
解析 根据设空处前一句和设空处后一句可知，设空处应举例说明人们往往会低估他人乐于提供帮助的程度，且该例子与“照相”有关，G项中的a request to take a photo与后文中的refused to take the photo相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
4.___
D
解析 根据后文中的Aiding others can create what is known as a “helper's high”, reducing stress and providing a sense of meaning and connection.可知，设空处的句子应引出下文，D项中的boost people's health和后文中的reducing stress and providing a sense of meaning and connection相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
5.___
F
解析 根据前文中的Despite these benefits, the study authors said that askers' fears functioned like “barriers”, stopping them from making a request.可知，人们在求助时有所顾虑。再根据The study's results suggest, however, that people are usually happy to lend a hand.可知，人们通常都愿意帮忙。后文Zhao said this research should provide some reassurance because “you might be really underestimating how willing others are to help.”再次指出人们有多么愿意帮忙，所以此空应鼓励人们多实践，也就是尽量去求助，F项符合语境。故选F项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
be/get involved in 参与；卷入；与……有关联
词缀拓展
1.under- prefix 在……之下；次要的；（级别）较低的 underestimate vt.& vi.低估
2.co- prefix 和……一起；共同；联合 co-author n.合著者
02
Period Ⅱ Learning About Language & Using Language
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Peter, as well as his _________ （assist）, Lily, was performing a chemical experiment yesterday
afternoon, but I don't know whether they have finished it.
assistant
解析 句意为：彼得和他的助手莉莉昨天下午在做一个化学实验，但我不知道他们是否做完了。设空处前有his修饰，应填名词，意为 “助手”，再由后面的同位语可知应用单数，故填assistant。
2.The virus was ________ （initial） believed to be a common one, but with more cases reported, it
proved wrong.
initially
解析 此处修饰第一个并列分句的谓语动词，应用副词作状语。故填initially。
3.It is said that the special class consists of some ______ （gift） children.
gifted
解析 句意为：据说这个特殊的班级是由一些有天赋的孩子组成的。设空处修饰children，应填形容词，意为“有天赋的”，故填gifted。
4.The person who is ___ charge of the factory has been sick since last week.
in
解析 in charge of 为固定搭配，意为“负责”。
5.After seven short weeks of training, he finally felt confident enough to take ______ the challenge.
on/up
解析 take on/up为固定搭配，意为“接受”。故填on/up。
【易混辨析】take on, take up, take over, take in的区别
take on意为“接受；承担；呈现；开始雇用”；
take up意为“拿起；开始从事；继续；占据”；
take over意为“接管；接任”；
take in意为“收留；欺骗；理解；领会；吸收”。
6.Historical records say the Qi State built the wall here to defend itself ____________ its enemies, as
well as to stop flooding effectively.
against/from
解析 句意为：历史记载称，齐国在这里建造城墙是为了抵御敌人，也能有效地阻止洪水。defend… from/against… 为固定短语，意为“保护……免受……的侵害”。故填against/from。
7.It is ______ the CPC's leadership that China has become better and better.
under
解析 句意为：在中国共产党的领导下，中国已变得越来越好。under one's leadership 意为“在某人的领导下”。故填under。
8.Since the 1990s, China has been attempting to carry out its plan for space exploration carefully and
________ （steady）.
steadily
解析 句意为:自20世纪90年代以来，中国一直尝试谨慎且稳步地执行其太空探索计划。设空处与carefully并列，修饰动词短语carry out,应用副词。
9.I'm still sure that one of the finest days in his life was ______ they opened a fast food restaurant in
New York.
when
解析 句意为：我仍然相信，他一生中最美好的日子之一是他们在纽约开快餐店的时候。设空处引导表语从句，根据句中的the finest days可知，此处表示时间，设空处意为“当……的时候”，故用when引导该从句。
10.These places marked on the map were _______the suspected murderer had lived.
where
解析 句意为：在地图上标出的这些地点是谋杀案嫌疑人居住过的地方。______ the suspected murderer had lived是表语从句，连接词在从句中作地点状语，意为“……的地方”，应用where。
根据提示补全句子。
1.约翰将代替经理参加会议，因为经理患了重感冒。 （come down with）
John is to attend the meeting in place of the manager, who has ______ ______ _____ ___ _____ _____.
come
down
with
a
bad
cold
2.该公司在数字化转型方面继续取得稳步进展。（steady）
The company has continued to ______ _______ _________ in its digital transformation.
make
steady
progress
3.别让今天的失望给明天的梦想蒙上阴影。 （cast; shadow）
Don't let today's disappointment _____ ___ ________ ________ tomorrow's dreams.
cast
a
shadow
on/over
4.屠呦呦是我最喜欢的科学家，她致力于与疟疾作斗争。（devote）
Tu Youyou is my favourite scientist, _____ ________ _______ ___ the fight against malaria.
who
devoted
herself
to
5.乐观和幽默是霍金的显著性格特征，这帮助他与疾病抗争了50多年。（which）
Optimism and humour ____ __________ ___________ ________, _______ _____ him fight against the
disease for over 50 years.
are
Hawking's
remarkable
features
which
help
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1.Science and technology were _____ the education system was driven to success.
how
解析 句意为：科学和技术是推动教育体系走向成功的动力。此处为表语从句，结合句意可知，设空处在从句中作方式状语。故填how。
2.He believes his experience at Joffre is ______ shaped him into an adult.
what
解析 句意为：他认为他在乔费尔的经历将他塑造成了一个成年人。此处为表语从句，从句缺少主语，结合句意应填what。
3.It seemed _____ the party guests were not interested in the food that was served.
that
解析 句意为：宴会上的客人似乎对提供的食物不感兴趣。设空处引导主语从句，从句句意完整，成分也完整，故用that来引导。
4.The ocean covers 71% of the planet and water can absorb thousands of times more heat than air,
which is _____ 93% of global heat is taken up by the sea.
why
解析 句意为：海洋覆盖了地球71%的面积，水吸收的热量是空气吸收热量的数千倍，这就是为什么全球93%的热量被海洋吸收了。which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，设空处引导表语从句，which所指代的内容是表语从句内容的原因，因此应用why引导该从句，why在从句中作原因状语。故填why。
5.The question is ________technology is going to be our servant or our master.
whether
解析 句意为：问题是科技将为我们所用还是要驾驭我们。whether意为“是否”，常与or或or not连用。
6.The reason _____ I achieve good results is _____ I work hard—and so could you.
why
that
解析 句意为：我取得好成绩的原因是我努力学习，你也可以。第一空引导定语从句，修饰先行词reason，从句中缺少原因状语，故填关系副词why；第二空引导表语从句，从句句意完整，成分也完整，引导词应用that。
7.Ticket prices will remain ______ they were in 2021.
what
解析 句意为：票价将与2021年一样。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作表语，根据句意可知，设空处表示“……的事物”，应用what引导该从句。
8.They are both doctors but that is _______ the similarity ends.
where
解析 句意为：他们都是医生，但那是他们唯一的相似之处。设空处引导表语从句，且在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。
&31& 体裁：说明文 &32& 题材：介绍说明 &33& 词数：184 &34& 难度：&35& &36& 建议用时：8分钟
阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Ever wondered how many calories are in the human body Or ever wondered why old people have
1. . （big） ears than they used to The winners of Ig Nobel Prizes （搞笑诺贝尔奖） have got
the answers.
The Ig Nobel Prizes, 2. . （found） in 1991, are to honour achievements 3. . first
make people laugh, and then make them think.The ceremony 4. . （take） place at Harvard
University every year.Winners' acceptance 5. . （speech） are limited to 60 seconds, 6. .
（strict） monitored by an eight-year-old girl.
bigger
founded
that/which
takes
speeches
strictly
The honoured research might seem ridiculous 7. . first sight, but that doesn't mean it lacks
scientific value.For example, the research in 2006 on why dry spaghetti tends to break into more than
two pieces when it is bent was important for controlling fractures, which could have applications in
everything from the design of highways and bridges 8. .the engineering of nanotubes （纳米管）.And
a follow-up paper 9. . （publish） by MIT physicists several years later.But people are
more likely to read things about the broken spaghetti than to read an academic paper.Even when there is
no immediate usefulness, 10. . is still good to encourage people to observe and think.
at
to
was published
it
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了搞笑诺贝尔奖。搞笑诺贝尔奖听起来似乎很搞笑,但是这并不意味着它缺乏科学价值。
1._______
bigger
解析 根据设空处后的than可知，此处要用形容词的比较级。故填bigger。
2.________
founded
解析 分析句子结构可知，主句中已有谓语动词are，且无并列连词将are与设空处连接，因此应用found的非谓语形式；found与The Ig Nobel Prizes之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作定语，修饰The Ig Nobel Prizes。故填founded。
3.__________
that/which
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句并在从句中作主语,先行词achievements指物，应用关系代词that或which引导该从句。故填that/which。
4.______
takes
解析 设空处在句中作谓语。由every year可知此处介绍的是一般事实,要用一般现在时；主语The ceremony为单数,谓语动词也要用第三人称单数形式。故填takes。
5._________
speeches
解析 speech作“演说”讲时为可数名词,根据后面的are可知，此处应用其复数形式。故填speeches。
6._______
strictly
解析 设空处修饰过去分词monitored，应用副词。故填strictly。
7.___
at
解析 at first sight为固定短语，意为“乍一看；初看时”。故填at。
8.___
to
解析 句意为：比如，2006年关于为什么干意大利面会在弯曲时断裂成多于两截的研究对控制断裂很重要，该原理可应用于从公路和桥梁设计到纳米管工程的各个领域。from… to… 为固定搭配，意为“从……到……”。故填to。
9.______________
was published
解析 根据时间状语several years later并结合前文语境可知，事情发生在过去，要用一般过去时；publish和主语a follow-up paper之间是被动关系,应用被动语态；a follow-up paper是单数,谓语动词也要用单数形式。故填was published。
10.___
it
解析 句意为：即使有时候没有立竿见影的效果,鼓励人们去观察和思考也是好的。Even when there is no immediate usefulness为从句,to encourage people to observe and think在主句中是真正的主语,因此应用it在主句中作形式主语。故填it。
A
&37& 体裁：记叙文 &38& 题材：个人经历 &39& 词数：318 &40& 难度：&41& &42& 建议用时：7分钟
If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to mind The idea that most kids have is a man wearing a white lab coat with messy hair, big glasses, and cups of colourful liquids giving off clouds of smoke. As for adults, the majority regard scientists as strange people who spend a lot of time working in a lab. However, the reality is quite different.
Recently I've had a chance to take part in a scientific experience far from my lab and into Costa Rica. It has a large amount of wildlife due to its geographical position between North and South America. It is home to more than 500,000 species （物种）, which represent nearly 4% of the species worldwide!
First we worked to protect wildlife at a leatherback turtle （棱皮龟） protection centre.We helped the volunteers to remove rubbish from the beach to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to hatch out.After that we stayed at Arenal Volcano where we studied seismic （地震的） activity relating to earthquakes.During our stay at Arenal, we rode over the mountainous areas and took a long walk through the rainforest.On the last day we got a professional introduction of rocket science and learnt about new rocket technology that will be used on the International Space Station.
During my Costa Rica experience, I know that being a scientist doesn't mean working in a lab all day and night.A scientist is the one who loves learning and getting a better understanding of the world from helping protect wildlife, learning about earthquakes or inventing rockets.I think that science is so much more than wearing a lab coat and mixing chemicals.Kids need to be aware of the excitement and adventures science can bring!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者通过自己的经历，帮助人们尤其是孩子们消除对科学家的固有印象，让人们了解科学家究竟是什么样的人。
1.According to Paragraph 1, what do people think of scientists ( )
B
A.They do experiments in messy labs. B.They spend too much time in labs.
C.They wear clothes in a different way. D.They work in dangerous conditions.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的As for adults, the majority regard scientists as strange people who spend a lot of time working in a lab.可知，大多数成年人认为科学家就是花很多时间在实验室里工作的人。故选B项。
2.What did the author do in Costa Rica ( )
C
A.He experienced an earthquake. B.He took part in rocket experiments.
C.He picked up rubbish on the beach. D.He helped the volunteers collect turtle eggs.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第三段中的We helped the volunteers to remove rubbish from the beach to create a safe environment for turtle eggs to hatch out.可知，作者在哥斯达黎加的海滩帮忙清除垃圾。故选C项。
3.What does the author learn about science from his experience ( )
C
A.Science is full of boring experiments. B.Science is related to chemical liquids.
C.Science is more than working in a lab. D.Science is about wildlife and earthquakes.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的第一句和第三句可知，作者从自己的经历中认识到，科学不仅仅是在实验室里工作。故选C项。
4.What is the best title for the passage ( )
A
A.What a Scientist Is Like B.Where a Scientist Works
C.How I Travelled in Costa Rica D.Why I Chose to Study Science
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段中的If you were asked to imagine a scientist, what image would come to mind 及全文内容可知，作者通过自己的经历，帮助人们尤其是孩子们消除对科学家的固有印象，让人们了解科学家究竟是什么样的人，所以用What a Scientist Is Like作为文章标题最为合适。故选A项。
B[江苏金陵中学、海安高级中学2023高三联考]
&43& 体裁：说明文 &44& 题材：科普知识 &45& 词数：338 &46& 难度：&47& &48& 建议用时：8分钟
As the new year approaches, crowds around the world may be expecting whizzes and bangs to light up the sky.The appeal of fireworks could fade out with the growing use of drones （无人机） for light shows, though.
Ollie Howitt, a leader of SKYMAGIC, which used a team of 300 drones to create a display for London's new year celebration last year, said the demand had increased greatly.“We do think it's going to be something ever eye-catching rather than being a short-lived sort of fashion people have suddenly got interested in.Drones are reusable and there's no fallout.In that sense, they're a very good, sustainable option,” she said.
But not everyone agrees.A spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose environmental problems.“Drones have less impact on the environment, but we have serious concerns about electrical demand and the use of lithium （锂） batteries which are known not to be much that ‘green’,” he said.
An RSPCA spokesperson said that while drones tried to reduce the impact of displays on animals, there was the downside.“Drones are not without their own negative issues such as scaring horses or crashing into birds, and can cause disturbance to animals and members of the public.Therefore, it's important for their effects to be fully considered and measures taken to minimise the chance of accidents to the smallest degree,” he said.
Some express the opinion that the use of fireworks and drones don't conflict with each other.The sight, sound and gunpowder smell of fireworks will always provide its own unique thrill.
“We find fireworks work really well when teamed up with drones.But we don't really see it as a one-replacing-the-other at all.We feel as if it's merely another tool to light the sky,” said Howitt, noting that while fireworks give a loud, emotive, big performance, drones offer the chance to tell stories in the sky by using a series of images.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了无人机用于灯光表演有许多优点，但是它可能会带来一些负面的影响。人们对无人机灯光表演持有不同的态度。
1.What does Howitt think of a drone display in Paragraph 2 ( )
A
A.It has an upward trend. B.It'll get us to reflect on energy crisis.
C.It's nothing but a temporary phenomenon. D.It'll excite the public curiosity about science.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的the demand had increased greatly和Drones are reusable and there's no fallout.In that sense, they're a very good, sustainable option可推知，豪伊特认为无人机表演的发展呈上升的趋势。故选A项。
2.What does the underlined word “downside” in Paragraph 4 mean ( )
C
A.Prospect. B.Puzzle. C.Weakness. D.Benefit.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的Drones are not without their own negative issues such as scaring horses or crashing into birds, and can cause disturbance to animals and members of the public.可知，此句是对前一句的进一步解释说明，本句主要说的是无人机的缺点，所以可推知downside是“缺点”的意思，与weakness意思相近。故选C项。
【方法总结】根据构词法猜测词义
许多单词都是由词根、词缀构成的，如果我们掌握一些常见词根、词缀的基本含义，也可以根据构词法来猜测陌生单词的意思。如本题中的downside是由前缀和后缀两部分构成的。前缀down-表示“不好的”，后缀-side表示“边；面；方面”。那么根据构词法可以猜测出词义为“不好的方面”，即“缺点”。
3.Which of the following may Howitt suggest according to the last paragraph ( )
D
A.Promoting the production of drones. B.Diversifying the functions of drones.
C.Stopping the displays of fireworks. D.Staging drone shows as an alternative.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的We find fireworks work really well when teamed up with drones.But we don't really see it as a one-replacing-the-other at all.We feel as if it's merely another tool to light the sky可知，豪伊特认为无人机并不会取代烟花，建议把它作为一种选择。故选D项。
4.In which section of a website can we read this text ( )
D
A.Advertisement. B.Business. C.Entertainment. D.Environment.
解析 推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了将无人机用于灯光表演的优点与它可能带来的负面影响，以及人们对无人机灯光表演持有的态度，结合第三段中的But not everyone agrees.A spokesperson from the British Fireworks Association said drones could also pose environmental problems.可推知，人们可以在网站上与环境有关的部分读到这篇文章。故选D项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.appeal n.吸引力；上诉；呼吁 vi.上诉；呼吁；有吸引力
2.impact n.影响；冲击力 vt.& vi.（对某事物）有影响；冲击；撞击
进阶词汇team sb/sth up with… 使某人/某物与……互相配合
熟词生义pose 熟义：n.姿势 vi.摆好姿势；招摇
生义：vt.引起;产生;造成（威胁、问题等）
词缀拓展mini- prefix 小的；微型的
minimise vt.使减少到最低限度；降低；贬低
【联想】max- prefix 最大的；最高的
maximise vt.使最大化
[湖北襄阳六校2023高二期中联考] &49& 体裁：记叙文 &50& 题材：人物故事 &51& 词数：263 &52& 难度：&53& &54& 建议用时：14分钟
Lino Marrero is a young inventor. For him, being an inventor is about helping the world by creating . .1. . to everyday challenges.“I always start with a problem and see how it . .2. . other people,” he says.
Due to . .3. . fingers, little Marrero wanted to quit playing the cello.But his . .4. . for music inspired him to invent a “String Ring”.It is an adjustable band that . .5. . a musician's aching fingers so they can continue practising.
A year later, Marrero created a（n） . .6. . kind of shoes with replaceable soles （鞋底） after learning traditional footwear can damage the environment.“Shoe waste . .7. . a lot to landfills （垃圾填埋场）,” he says, “since shoes have rubber soles that don't . .8. . easily.” Instead of owning . .9. . shoes for different sports, his invention allows athletes to keep just one pair in their cupboards.
Marrero's latest invention, Kinetic Kickz 2.0, was the . .10. . of his personal experience. Having finished soccer practice, he found his phone was out of . .11. .. Suddenly, he thought maybe he could make use of the energy from playing soccer. Then he created a shoe insert （鞋垫） that . .12. . energy and changes it into battery power to . .13. . a cellphone.
As a high school freshman now, Marrero wants to encourage other teenagers to be inventors too.Younger people, he says, often have novel . .14. . that can be useful in making creations.Marrero says, “We need to get a chain going, where I inspire some people and they help inspire others . .15. ..”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。利诺·马雷罗是一位年轻的发明家，对他来说，作为一名发明家可以通过为日常生活中的挑战创造解决方案来帮助世界上的人们。文章主要介绍了他的一些日常发明。
1.( )A.additions B.solutions C.reactions D.connections
B
解析 根据后文to everyday challenges可知，此处是指他为日常生活中的挑战创造解决方案。故选B项。
2.( )A.bothers B.assesses C.distracts D.conducts
A
解析 上文problem是关键词，问题是会“困扰”他人的。bother意为“困扰”。故选A项。
3.( )A.short B.painful C.frozen D.abnormal
B
解析 根据后文little Marrero wanted to quit playing the cello和a musician's aching fingers可知，小马雷罗想放弃拉大提琴，因为他手指痛。故选B项。
4.( )A.passion B.experience C.curiosity D.concern
A
解析 根据But表示转折以及后文for music inspired him to invent a “String Ring”可知，对音乐的热爱激励他发明了一种“弦环”。故选A项。
5.( )A.decorates B.stretches C.weakens D.protects
D
解析 根据后文a musician's aching fingers so they can continue practising可知，他发明的“弦环”有保护手指的作用。故选D项。
6.( )A.up-to-date B.good-looking C.eco-friendly D.risk-free
C
解析 根据后文after learning traditional footwear can damage the environment可知，他发明了一种对环境友好的鞋子。eco-friendly意为“对环境无害的”。故选C项。
7.( )A.owes B.contributes C.devotes D.applies
B
解析 根据后文a lot to landfills可知，被丢弃的鞋子是垃圾填埋场很大一部分垃圾来源。contribute to意为“导致；造成”。故选B项。
8.( )A.die out B.end up C.break down D.run out
C
解析 被丢弃的鞋子造成垃圾污染是因为橡胶鞋底不易分解，与上文learning traditional footwear can damage the environment相呼应。故选C项。
9.( )A.fashionable B.expensive C.similar D.various
D
解析 根据后文shoes for different sports以及keep just one pair in their cupboards可知，这里指不必再为不同的运动项目准备各种各样的鞋子，只要一双就够了。various与different相对应，属于近义词复现。故选D项。
10.( )A.copy B.fruit C.award D.label
B
解析 根据上文Marrero's latest invention并结合后文讲述他发明的过程可知，这里指Kinetic Kickz 2.0是他基于个人经历的发明成果。故选B项。
11.( )A.power B.order C.danger D.service
A
解析 根据后文changes it into battery power to _______ a cellphone可知，他想发明一种利用踢足球产生的能量来为手机充电的装置。此处属于原词复现。故选A项。
12.( )A.uses B.generates C.collects D.saves
C
解析 根据后文energy and changes it into battery power可知，他发明了一种能收集能量并将其转化为电能来为手机充电的鞋垫。故选C项。
13.( )A.repair B.update C.design D.charge
D
解析 综合此段内容可知，这种鞋垫可以给手机充电。charge意为“（使）充电”。故选D项。
14.( )A.viewpoints B.comments C.predictions D.occupations
A
解析 根据后文that can be useful in making creations可知，此处指年轻人通常有对创作有用的新颖观点。故选A项。
15.( )A.in conclusion B.in brief C.in turn D.in advance
C
解析 根据上文I inspire some people and they help inspire others可知，马雷罗激励一些人，这些人继而帮助激励其他人。故选C项。
03
单元限时小卷
建议用时：52分钟
&55& 体裁：记叙文 &56& 题材：个人经历 &57& 词数：336 &58& 难度：&59& &60& 建议用时：8分钟
[江苏南京2023高二期中]For my second career, as a weather forecaster （天气预报员）, I jerked on the Canadian plain, which is the second-best place to chase （追逐） severe weather, after Tornado Alley.I was also studying for a degree in Meteorology so I could interpret weather data and make my own forecasts.I didn't want to be looked at as someone silly who didn't know what she was talking about.Around that time, a photographer friend invited me to chase with him in the Alley for a month.I said sure; I wanted to learn everything I could.
During my second round in 2013, I got to see the largest tornado in recorded history—on the very last day of the chase season.We were waiting in this dark and dirty gas-station parking lot in El Reno, Oklahoma. Chasers do that a lot.We sit around in groups waiting and eating junk food.The forecast called it a high-risk day, and finally, a tornado rolled in around 5:30 pm.
It started out as a little cloud and then turned into a 60,000-foot thunderstorm in maybe 20 minutes. We jumped in our car and raced towards it. A few minutes later I was looking out the window, filming this massive wall of what seemed like rain. We thought the tornado was hidden inside.But then I saw it taking shape and felt it sucking in wind. That's when I realised that wall was the tornado itself. It was around 2.6 miles across with winds nearly 300 miles per hour.It was explosive.
We hurried to be out of there. Cars packed the roads. All we could see were brake lights. We feared we'd be stuck. But in a few minutes, it was over.
Three storm chasers died that day, just up the road from where we'd been stuck. That had never happened before. So yeah, I wondered why I would risk going out again.But then the next chase season called me back.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者曾经追逐龙卷风的一次经历，过后，作者也很困惑自己为什么要冒险。但是，当龙卷风季节再次来临时，作者还是回到那儿再次追逐。
1.Why did the author agree to chase tornadoes with her photographer friend ( )
D
A.To earn credits for her degree. B.To forecast the weather on site.
C.To interpret weather data for her friend. D.To improve her profession performance.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的I was also studying for a degree in Meteorology so I could interpret weather data and make my own forecasts.可知，作者正在攻读气象学学位；再根据第一段最后一句I said sure; I wanted to learn everything I could.可知，作者同意朋友的提议是想加强专业知识，改善工作表现。故选D项。
2.What can we learn from Paragraph 2 and Paragraph 3 ( )
C
A.Tornadoes occur once in a chase season. B.Tornadoes are hidden behind a wall of rain.
C.Chasing tornadoes requires time and patience. D.Chasing tornadoes involves group competition.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的We were waiting in this dark and dirty gas-station parking lot in El Reno, Oklahoma.Chasers do that a lot.We sit around in groups waiting and eating junk food.The forecast called it a high-risk day, and finally, a tornado rolled in around 5:30 pm.可知，追逐龙卷风需要付出时间和耐心。故选C项。
3.Which of the following words can best describe the author ( )
B
A.Efficient and committed. B.Enthusiastic and brave.
C.Traditional and ambitious. D.Determined and talented.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段最后一句I said sure; I wanted to learn everything I could.可知，作者是一个很热爱学习的人；再根据倒数第二段内容以及最后一段中的But then the next chase season called me back.可知，虽然第一次追逐龙卷风的经历很可怕，但是作者下次还要去，说明作者很勇敢。故选B项。
4.What is the best title for the text ( )
B
A.On the Move B.Not a Weather Girl C.Seasons of Chasing D.A Narrow Escape
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的For my second career, as a weather forecaster, I jerked on the Canadian plain, which is the second-best place to chase severe weather, after Tornado Alley.可知，作者从事天气预报员这一职业；再根据下文内容可知，作者勇敢地和朋友一起追逐龙卷风。由此可知，文章主要讲述的是作者是天气预报员，但她喜欢上了追逐龙卷风，所以“Not a Weather Girl （不是一名女天气预报员）”作为文章标题最为合适。故选B项。
&61& 体裁：说明文 &62& 题材：科普知识 &63& 词数：270 &64& 难度：&65& &66& 建议用时：8分钟
[浙江浙南名校联盟2023高二期中]As the cooler days of autumn arrive in the northern part of the
world, people are clearing out old plants and planning new gardens for next year.1. .
If the plants have got larger than their original containers during their time outside, you can
replant them into larger ones.2. . And replant them with fresh potting soil, and then water them.If you
are having trouble removing the plants from their containers, or pots, check to see if the roots have
come through the drainage （排水） holes at the bottom of the pot.If they have, gently pull or cut the
extra roots to help remove the plant.
You can then divide plants like spider plants and flamingo flowers into two or more individual
plants.Firstly, shake off any extra soil carefully.Secondly, find the connection between the root system
and the plant's top growth and pull apart the roots gently.3. . Be sure that there are at least three
healthy leaves attached to the root system of each new plant.Lastly, place each new plant in its
container.Be sure to use fresh soil mix.Water the plants well until new plants form.
F
E
D
All the houseplants that spent summer days outside should be moved to a shady area for a week
before going inside for the winter season.4. . Continue to water the plant regularly during this time.
After a week, look for insects on the plant, especially under the leaves.5. . If you are still
worried about insects, you can spray the plants with neem oil mixed with water.And complete the move
inside before temperatures drop below 12.7 degrees Celsius.
C
G
A.You can then water the plants.
B.Inside houseplants still need care too.
C.This helps the plant get used to lower light levels.
D.Or you could cut through them with a sharp knife.
E.Choose a container that is no more than 5 centimetres wider than the original.
F.However, outside plants will also need help to return to the inside environment.
G.Wash the leaves with water to make sure there are no uninvited guests, like pests.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了关于如何把室外的植物移植到室内的一些建议。
1.___
F
解析 根据上文As the cooler days of autumn arrive in the northern part of the world, people are clearing out old plants and planning new gardens for next year.并结合下文如何把户外的植物移植到室内的建议可知，设空处提出室外的植物也要搬回室内。F项中的also是关键词，除了清理枯萎的植物之外，室外的植物也需要移植到室内。F项承上启下，符合语境。故选F项。
2.___
E
解析 根据上文If the plants have got larger than their original containers during their time outside, you can replant them into larger ones.可推知，设空处应陈述新容器究竟应该有多大。E项承接上文，说明选择的更大的容器直径比原来容器的直径长不超过5厘米。故选E项。
3.___
D
解析 根据上文Secondly, find the connection between the root system and the plant's top growth and pull apart the roots gently.可知，此处在陈述把植物的根系分开的方法，这需要轻轻拉开植物的根系，D项（或者你可以用一把锋利的刀把它们切开）说的也是把植物的根系分开的方法，承接上文。故选D项。
4.___
C
解析 上文All the houseplants that spent summer days outside should be moved to a shady area for a week before going inside for the winter season.讲的是所有夏季在室外生长的室内植物都应该移到阴凉的地方待一个星期，然后再移到室内过冬，这有助于室内植物适应低光照，C项中的lower light levels呼应上文的a shady area。故选C项。
5.___
G
解析 上文After a week, look for insects on the plant, especially under the leaves.讲的是在植物的叶子底下寻找虫子，insects是关键词。下文再次出现了insects并给出除去虫子的做法，所以设空处的内容应与除去害虫有关，空后的still是关键词。故选G项。
体裁：记叙文 &68& 题材：人物故事 &69& 词数：238 &70& 难度：&71& &72& 建议用时：13分钟
[湖南长沙长郡中学2022高二期中]I hated travelling by plane.Whenever I was on board, I could see the other passengers' . .1. . of me: “Please don't let that fat guy sit next to me!” After I . .2. . squeezed into my seat, the seat belt wasn't . .3. . enough to fit around my waist.I once wished my life would just . .4. ..
I knew I needed to . .5. ..A doctor recommended I adopt a dog to . .6. . for exercise.So there he was: a black-and-white dog with a big round body.He looked up at me and then dropped his head with a clear look of . .7. ., as if saying “Really This loser ” I looked at him, . .8. . him in silence.Poor thing like me, I named him Petty.
We walked together every day and it . .9. ..I could roll out of bed . .10. ..He appeared thinner too.Then he looked up at me and smiled.
I started taking Petty to different pet parks.He kept . .11. . himself at the end of the rope, trying to run ahead.Maybe it was time to let him experience what . .12. . really felt like.I removed his rope.Petty . .13. . like a racer at the Olympics, beaming （笑） with . .14. . and excitement.
At that moment, I realised I loved him.He looked up at me like I was the greatest guy in the world.He'd come into my life, and he . .15. . me.
“Want to keep walking ” I asked him.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者曾经因为肥胖想要结束自己的生命，后来在医生的建议下养了一只叫佩蒂的狗，希望通过遛狗来锻炼身体，在佩蒂的帮助下，作者的身体状况得到了改善。
1.( )A.care B.faith C.anger D.dislike
D
解析 根据后文“Please don't let that fat guy sit next to me!”可知其他乘客厌恶和作者坐在一起。故选D。
2.( )A.easily B.finally C.suddenly D.deliberately
B
解析 后文的squeezed into my seat指作者终于挤进自己的座位。故选B。
3.( )A.wide B.long C.tight D.loose
B
解析 这里要选的词是修饰seat belt（安全带）的，而根据上文语境可知作者当时是一个肥胖的人，所以这里指安全带不够长，绕不上作者的腰。故选B。
4.( )A.end B.start C.repeat D.continue
A
解析 文章第一句话写的就是作者讨厌乘坐飞机，这说明乘坐飞机的经历对作者而言是不愉快的，所以这里填的应是一个消极的词汇。故选A。
5.( )A.win B.rest C.laugh D.change
D
解析 根据后文A doctor recommended I adopt a dog to _______ for exercise.可知，医生建议作者养只狗来多运动，所以这里是指他决定要改变自己肥胖的情况。故选D。
6.( )A.feed B.ride C.walk D.bark
C
解析 根据后文We walked together every day可知，医生建议作者通过遛狗来锻炼。故选C。
7.( )A.excitement B.agreement C.disappointment D.amazement
C
解析 根据后文as if saying “Really This loser ”可知，这只狗对自己的主人，即作者，是失望的。故选C。
8.( )A.petting B.pressing C.pushing D.punishing
A
解析 根据语境和选项可知，作者看着佩蒂，默默地抚摸着他，空后的him指狗。pet用作动词时是“抚摸”的意思。故选A。
9.( )A.failed B.worked C.depended D.suffered
B
解析 后文He appeared thinner too.中的too说明作者和佩蒂的体重都有所减轻，即作者在佩蒂的帮助下减肥有效果了。work意为“奏效”，符合语境。故选B。
10.( )A.by accident B.with pleasure C.by intention D.with ease
D
解析 根据后文He appeared thinner too.可知，作者变瘦了，所以下床就很轻松了。with ease等同于easily。故选D。
11.( )A.biting B.hiding C.choking D.holding
C
解析 根据trying to run ahead可知，佩蒂一直想要往前跑，但因为有绳子，他是被勒住的。choke意为“使窒息”。故选C。
12.( )A.danger B.boredom C.departure D.freedom
D
解析 由后面的removed his rope可知，作者解开了绳子，所以这里是让佩蒂体会一下真正的自由。故选D。
13.( )A.passed away B.dashed off C.broke up D.sat down
B
解析 根据后文like a racer at the Olympics可知，解开绳子以后，佩蒂就快速地冲出去了。故选B。pass away意为“去世”；dash off意为“匆匆离开”；break up意为“破裂”；sit down意为“坐下”。
14.( )A.pride B.pressure C.politeness D.tiredness
A
解析 由beaming和excitement可知，这里应填一个具有积极意义的词汇；作者解开了绳子，佩蒂会感到得意和兴奋。故选A。
15.( )A.replaced B.missed C.saved D.pitied
C
解析 根据第一段内容可知，作者曾经因为太胖而想要结束自己的生命，但佩蒂的出现让作者重新获得了自信，所以是佩蒂拯救了作者。故选C。
[全国新高考Ⅰ2022] &73& 体裁：说明文 &74& 题材：动物保护 &75& 词数：237 &76& 难度：&77& &78& 建议用时：8分钟
The Chinese government recently finalized a plan to set up a Giant Panda National Park
（GPNP）.1. . （cover） an area about three times 2. . size of Yellowstone National Park,
the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country.The plan will extend protection to a
significant number of areas that 3. . （be） previously unprotected, bringing many of the existing
protected areas for giant pandas under one authority 4. . （increase） effectiveness and reduce
inconsistencies in management.
Covering
the
were
to increase
After a three-year pilot period, the GPNP will be officially set up next year.The GPNP
5. . （design） to reflect the guiding principle of “protecting the authenticity and integrity
（完整性） of natural ecosystems, preserving biological diversity, protecting ecological buffer zones,
6. . leaving behind precious natural assets （资产） for future generations”.The GPNP's main goal is
to improve connectivity between separate 7. . （population） and homes of giant pandas, and
8. . （eventual） achieve a desired level of population in the wild.
Giant pandas also serve 9. . an umbrella species （物种）, bringing protection to a host of plants
and animals in the southwestern and northwestern parts of China.The GPNP is intended to provide
stronger protection for all the species 10. . live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly
improve the health of the ecosystem in the area.
is designed
and
populations
eventually
as
that
【语篇导读】中国将在明年建立大熊猫国家公园，主要目的是改善大熊猫不同种群和栖息地之间的连通性，并最终达到理想的野生种群数量水平。
1._________
Covering
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍，将是我国首批国家公园之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语will be，且与此处之间无连词连接，所以此处用非谓语动词形式；the GPNP与cover之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。此处位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Covering。
2.____
the
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处为“倍数+the size of+其他”结构，表示“……的大小是……的几倍”。故填the。
3.______
were
解析 句意为：该计划将把保护范围扩大到许多以前未受保护的地区，将许多现有的大熊猫保护区归为一个部门管辖，以提高效率并减少管理上的不协调。结合句意并根据其后的previously可知，此处用一般过去时；that指代前面的areas，在定语从句中作主语，谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were。
4.___________
to increase
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to increase。
5.___________
is designed
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园设立的目的是体现“保持自然生态系统的原真性和完整性，保护生物多样性，保护生态安全屏障，给子孙后代留下珍贵的自然资产”的指导原则。根据句意以及第三段中的is intended to可知，此处指建立大熊猫国家公园的目的，为客观事实，应用一般现在时；主语The GPNP与design之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is designed。
6._____
and
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据句意并分析句子结构可知，上下文之间为并列关系。故填and。
7.___________
populations
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园的主要目标是改善大熊猫不同种群和栖息地之间的连通性，并最终达到理想的野生种群数量水平。population在此处意为“种群”，为可数名词。根据前面的separate可知，此处应用复数形式。故填populations。
8.__________
eventually
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处修饰后面的动词achieve，应用副词形式。故填eventually。
9.___
as
解析 句意为：大熊猫也是伞护种，为中国西南地区和西北地区的许多动植物提供保护。serve as是固定短语，意为“充当;担任”。故填as。
10._____
that
解析 句意为：大熊猫国家公园旨在为生活在大熊猫分布区内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并极大地改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。分析句子结构可知，此处引导定语从句，先行词为species，指物,关系词在从句中作主语，且先行词前面有all修饰，应用that引导。故填that。
&79& 难度：&80& &81& 建议用时：15分钟
像屠呦呦这样的科学家为社会的发展作出了巨大贡献，校学生会倡议全体学生向她学习，立志做一个对社会有用的人。请你代表校学生会写一封倡议信，要点如下：
1.介绍屠呦呦的主要成就；
2.提倡学生学习她身上优秀的精神品质；
3.树立远大理想，做一个对社会有用之人。
注意：1.词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
参考词汇:青蒿素artemisinin 疟疾malaria
Dear students,
__
The Student Union
【写作提示】
1.思路点拨
2.提分词句
make contributions to, set a good example to, good qualities, committed, contribute to, which引导的非限制性定语从句，现在分词短语作状语等。
【参考范文】
As we all know, scientists such as Tu Youyou have made great contributions to our country.They set a good example to us.And we should learn from them.
Tu Youyou was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, along with her research team.She made the discovery of artemisinin, which is a crucial new treatment for malaria,thus greatly improving the health of millions of people.Besides, she shows many good qualities.For example, she is committed and patient.Even in the face of failure, she never loses hope and gives up.All these contribute to her success.
In conclusion, she is an admirable scientist and I hope she can inspire us to set big goals and achieve a lot some day like her.
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.container n.容器；集装箱
2.remove vt.移开；去除；开除；脱去（衣服等）；使消失
3.shake off 抖落；治好（疾病）;摆脱（问题）;甩掉（某人）
进阶词汇
spray vt.& vi.喷；喷洒；向……喷洒 n.喷雾；喷剂
词缀拓展
re- prefix 又；再；重新 replant vt.& vi.再植；重新栽种