外研版（2019） 必修 第二册 Unit 1 Food for thought Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas必刷题课件 (共101张PPT

(共101张PPT)
选择性必修第二册
Unit 1 Growing up
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.What matters most is not your ____________ （commit） to exercise, but your sticking to it.
commitment
解析 句意为：最重要的并不是你承诺要锻炼身体，而是你要坚持下去。设空处作is的表语，其前有形容词性物主代词your修饰,表示“……的承诺”为commitment to sth,故填名词形式commitment。
2.The school is _______ （legal） responsible for your child's safety.
legally
解析 句意为：学校对你孩子的安全负有法律责任。设空处修饰形容词responsible，应用副词作状语,根据句意，此处表示“法律上”。故填legally。
3.Whether we can achieve the goal depends on _____________ （vary） factors.
varied/various
解析 句意为：我们是否能达到目标取决于多种因素。设空处修饰名词factors，作定语，应用形容词。故填varied/various。
4.I have made good preparations for the ________ （elect） of the monitor.
election
解析 句意为：我已经为竞选班长做好了准备。设空处前有定冠词the修饰，且在句中作介词for的宾语，应用名词形式，意为“竞选”。故填election。
5.[江苏·改编] China's image is improving ________ （steady）, with more countries recognising its
role in international affairs.
steadily
解析 句意为：中国的形象正稳步提升，更多的国家认可中国在国际事务中的地位。设空处修饰谓语is improving，应用副词形式。故填steadily。
6.John, who is still in minority, will inherit the money upon reaching his _________ （major）.
majority
解析 句意为：尚未成年的约翰达到法定年龄后就会继承这笔钱。reach one's majority表示“成年；达到法定年龄”，此处的名词majority意为“成年年龄”，与minority“未成年期”相对。
7.As a teen, have you ever been called childish or _________ （mature） by adults or older peers in
your life
immature
解析 句意为：作为一名青少年，在你的生活中，你是否曾经被成年人或年长的同龄人认为幼稚或不成熟 结合句意，设空处应和childish意义相近，表示“不成熟的”。故填immature。
8.I ____________ （tempt） to echo the words of Martin Luther King “I have a dream!” whenever
feeling frustrated.
am tempted
解析 句意为：每当感到沮丧时，我都不由地重复马丁·路德·金的话：“我有一个梦想！”tempt sb to do sth表示“引诱/吸引某人去做某事”。如果表示“忍不住做某事”，应用be tempted to do sth。句中时间状语whenever feeling frustrated表示“每当感到沮丧时”，应使用一般现在时。故填am tempted。
9.Many schools did not approve ___ students wearing jeans to school.
of
解析 句意为：许多学校不赞成学生穿牛仔裤上学。approve of为固定搭配，意为“同意，赞成”。故填of。
10.In those days there were no televisions, few automobiles or other things that many today would find
___ hard to live without.
it
解析 句意为：那时候没有电视机，几乎没有汽车，也没有其他今天许多人认为不可或缺的东西。此处为“find it+adj.+（for sb） to do sth”结构，it是形式宾语，不定式短语为真正的宾语。故填it。
根据提示补全句子。
1.你应该对你的行为负责，无论是有意的还是无意的。（responsibility）
You should _____ _____________ ____ your actions, whether they are intentional or unintentional.
take
responsibility
for
2.祝贺你到达人生最重要的里程碑之一，翻开人生的新篇章。（chapter）
Congratulations on reaching one of life's biggest milestones and ________ ___ _____ ________ in your
life.
starting
a
new
chapter
解析 start a new chapter意为“翻开新篇章”。此处的starting和reaching并列作介词on的宾语，故用动名词形式。
3.年轻人应该对政策的制定有发言权。（say）
Young people _______ ______ ___ ____ ____ the formulation of policies.
should
have
a
say
on
解析 have a say on… 意为“对……有发言权”。与have a say经常搭配的介词还有in，侧重指“在……中/方面有发言权”。
4.从短期甚至中期来看，这个解决方法尚可，但从长期来看，它无法解决问题。
It's an adequate solution in the short term, maybe even in the medium term, but it won't fix the
problem ___ ____ _____ _____.
in
the
long
term
解析 in the short/medium/long term意为“短/中/长期内”。
5.两年后，我将读完我的学位并担任一名工程师。（work as）
Two years from now, I'll have finished my degree and _____ ____ ________ ___ an engineer.
will
be
working
as
解析 根据时间状语Two years from now可判断出，本句应用将来时；结合I'll have finished my degree可知，此处表达的是两年后将会在做的事，故用将来进行时。
&1& 体裁：记叙文 &2& 题材：个人成长 &3& 词数：201 &4& 难度：&5& &6& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In most countries, turning 18 1. . （mark） the start of adulthood.Here, three young people
talk about their 2. . （view） on turning 18.
Bethany, now 16, thinks 3. . is unreasonable that she doesn't have the right to vote in elections
although she has been working since leaving school.Also, she has been taking driving lessons, but she
isn't allowed to get her driving licence.In fact, she 4. . （take） the driving test
on the very day she turns 18.She can't wait to be 18.
Lin Ning, 19, thought he would feel 5. . （instant） different after celebrating his 18th
birthday, but it wasn't.Growing up is a gradual process.Instead of being the selfish teenager he used
6. . （be）, he has begun to become more thoughtful and to have a sense of 7. .
（responsible）.Turning 18 also means he has the freedom to plan his own life and get many decisions
8. . （make） independently.
In Morgan's eyes, adult life is different from 9. . he has expected.He has to live with his
parents because he finds it hard to save money after contributing 10. . the household bills and paying
for his commute.He believes that some responsibilities are more about attitude than age.
marks
views
it
will be taking/will take
instantly
to be
responsibility
made
what
to
1._______
marks
解析 设空处为句子的谓语动词，主语为动名词短语turning 18，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式；此处陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时。故填marks。
2.______
views
解析 view作“观点”时为可数名词，根据语境可知，此处应用复数形式。
3.___
it
解析 分析句子结构可知，thinks后为省略that的宾语从句，此处为“it is+adj.+that从句”结构，it为形式主语，that引导的从句为真正的主语。
4.______________________
will be taking/will take
解析 根据时间状语on the very day she turns 18可知，此处表示未来某一具体时间发生的动作，应用将来进行时或一般将来时。
5._________
instantly
解析 此处修饰动词feel，应用副词形式。
6.______
to be
解析 used to be为固定结构，表示“曾是……”。
7._____________
responsibility
解析 a sense of responsibility为固定用法，意为“责任感”。
8.______
made
解析 此处为“get+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处作宾补，与decisions之间为逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词。
9.______
what
解析 设空处引导宾语从句，从句中缺少expected的宾语，表示“……的样子”。故填what。
10.___
to
解析 contribute to为固定搭配，意为“为……作贡献”，此处表示“分担家用”。
[山西省实验中学2022高二开学考试] &7& 体裁：说明文 &8& 题材：介绍说明 &9& 词数：183 &10& 难度：&11& &12& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Post-00s （《零零后》） is a documentary about growing up.It shows the real lives of children
who 1. . （be） born between 2000 and 2009.2. . （face） with the problems of
relationships with others, they don't know what to do if a younger brother or sister is born into the
family.
But this six-episode series, 3. . was aired on CCTV-9, is different 4. . other TV
programmes with a similar theme.Post-00s 5. . （film） over a period of 10 years, during
which time the show makers followed the growth of a group of kids from kindergarten to middle
school.In 6. . words, the stories in the series are real.
Such stories, which are known as “coming-of-age” stories, have special attractions.We become
7. . （increase） interested in the characters as if we truly knew them.And while we enjoy
were
Faced
which
from
was filmed
other
increasingly
the real stories, we also can't help feeling the 8. . （cruel） of reality.After all, there's no script
（剧本）—this is real life.
As the US writer Ernest Hemingway once wrote,“Any man's life, told truly, is 9. . novel.” And
when it comes to Post-00s, it's also such a good documentary as is worth 10. . （watch）.
cruelty
a
watching
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一部关于成长的纪录片《零零后》，包括它的主要内容及人们的观看感受。
1.______
were
解析 句意为：它展示了2000年至2009年出生的孩子们的真实生活。根据时间状语between 2000 and 2009可知，此处用一般过去时。关系代词who指代的是先行词children，所以定语从句中的谓语动词应用复数形式。故填were。
2._______
Faced
解析 句意为：面对与他人的关系问题，他们不知道如果家里生了一个弟弟或妹妹该怎么办。设空处在句中作状语，应用非谓语动词形式；固定短语be faced with意为“面对”，所以用过去分词形式。故填Faced。
【易错警示】此处易误填Facing。face作动词时，表示“面对；面临”，为及物动词，表示“某人面对某事”可表达为sb faces sth；be faced with为固定搭配，也表示“某人面对某事”，但需注意其为被动形式，且与介词with搭配使用。
3._______
which
解析 句意为：但这部在CCTV-9频道播出的六集系列纪录片与其他有着类似主题的电视节目有所不同。设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词this six-episode series指物，关系词在从句中充当主语，所以用which引导该从句。故填which。
4.______
from
解析 句意见上一题解析。固定短语be different from意为“与……不同”。故填from。
5.___________
was filmed
解析 句意为：《零零后》的拍摄历时10年，在这段时间里，节目制作人跟踪记录了一群孩子从幼儿园到中学的成长过程。主语Post-00s表示单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式；主语与动词film之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；根据语境可知，此处陈述过去的事情，应用一般过去时。故填was filmed。
6.______
other
解析 句意为：换句话说，这一系列节目中的故事都是真实的。固定短语in other words意为“换句话说”。故填other。
7.____________
increasingly
解析 句意为：我们对那些人物越来越感兴趣，就好像我们真的认识他们一样。设空处修饰形容词interested，应用副词。故填increasingly。
8._______
cruelty
解析 句意为：当我们在享受真实故事的同时，我们也会情不自禁地感受到现实的残酷。设空处前有定冠词the修饰，后有介词of，此处作feeling的宾语，故可判断此处应填名词。故填cruelty。
9.___
a
解析 句意为：正如美国作家欧内斯特·海明威曾经写道：“任何人的生活，如果真实地讲述，都是一部小说。” novel是可数名词单数形式，根据语境可知，此处表示泛指，应用不定冠词，novel的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
10._________
watching
解析 be worth doing为固定用法，意为“某事值得做”。故填watching。
[辽宁辽东南协作体2022高二联考] A
&13& 体裁：议论文 &14& 题材：个人感悟 &15& 词数：298 &16& 难度：&17& &18& 建议用时：6分钟
Apart from speeches, from my point of view, we can use our eyes to express ourselves.And through one's eyes, we can read sorrow, happiness, encouragement, and many other emotions.Eyes are always the most direct organs to betray our thoughts.
Until now I still remember an experience, which happened when I took part in a singing contest at the age of nine.It was the power of my mother's eyes that encouraged me to go for it.I had shown great interest in singing before that, but I was too shy to sing in public.So one day my mother took me to sign up for the singing contest.With my mother's company and encouragement, I was determined to meet that challenge.
Standing on the stage, I suddenly found I had become the focus of all attention.I got so nervous that I couldn't even keep my eyes open.When it was my turn to be introduced to the audience and sing,
I became even more nervous.I felt my legs were shaking and my memory seemed to have left me—I couldn't remember anything.Searching for help, I met my mother's eyes which were sparkling with encouragement and strong power.It seemed that they were speaking to me, “Take it easy.You can do it! I'll always be with you!” I read the message in her eyes and at that moment I got my confidence back and began to sing my song.
When I came down from the stage, she came up to me, saying, “Great! I'm proud of you!” and gave me a big hug.At that moment, I saw her eyes filled with tears of joy.Sometimes, you see, just a look of encouragement from a loved one can make a shy person brave.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要通过作者讲述自己小时候参加歌唱比赛时，站在舞台上很紧张，但是母亲的眼神给了作者鼓励和强大的力量，使作者克服害羞和紧张，顺利完成了比赛这一故事来论证，眼神可以用来表达自己。
1.What does the underlined word “betray” in the first paragraph mean ( )
A
A.Give away. B.Contain. C.Hide. D.Give out.
解析 词义猜测题。画线词前面一句And through one's eyes, we can read sorrow, happiness, encouragement, and many other emotions.列举了我们可以通过眼睛读出的情感，画线词所在句对上一句进行总结，故此处表示“我们的眼睛能够流露出情感”。give away意为“暴露”，此处betray与其意思相近。故选A项。
2.What can we learn about the author from the passage ( )
D
A.She wasn't interested in the singing contest. B.She was nervous not seeing her mother.
C.She didn't do well in the singing contest. D.She got confidence from her mother's eyes.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的It was the power of my mother's eyes that encouraged me to go for it.和第三段中的I read the message in her eyes and at that moment I got my confidence back and began to sing my song.可知，作者比赛时很紧张，是母亲的眼神鼓励了作者，作者从母亲的眼神中获得了自信。故选D项。
3.What's the author's purpose in telling us about her unforgettable experience ( )
A
A.To prove that we can express ourselves through our eyes.
B.To explain that our eyes are an important part of our body.
C.To encourage us to take part in a singing contest.
D.To tell us how she became a brave person.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章结构可知，第一段第一句提出中心思想Apart from speeches, from my point of view, we can use our eyes to express ourselves.，接下来作者用自己的经历来证明中心思想，文章最后一句进行总结：亲人一个鼓励的眼神就能让害羞的人变得勇敢。由此可知，作者讲述自己难忘的经历是要证明，人们可以通过眼神来表达自己。故选A项。
4.What's the best title for the passage ( )
B
A.How to Express Ourselves B.Encouraging Eyes
C.A Singing Contest D.Confidence and Success
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章结构可知，第一段作者提出中心思想，即我们可以通过眼神表达自己；接着讲述了自己小时候参加歌唱比赛时，站在舞台上很紧张，但是母亲的眼神给了自己鼓舞，因此作者感受到了眼神的力量。故“Encouraging Eyes”可作为本文最佳标题。故选B项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.go for it （表示鼓励）努力去争取吧
2.sign up （for sth） 报名（参加课程/比赛等）
进阶词汇
sparkle vi.（眼睛）发亮；闪耀
熟词生义
company 熟义：n.［C］公司 生义：n.［U］陪伴
B
&19& 体裁：说明文 &20& 题材：介绍说明 &21& 词数：306 &22& 难度：&23& &24& 建议用时：7分钟
Between adolescence and adulthood, you go through changes—jobs, regrettable haircuts and relationships that come and go.But as you grow older, does your personality change
People tend to think of personality as fixed.But according to psychologists, personality is a developmental phenomenon.That's not to say that you're a different person each day you wake up.In the short term, change can be nearly unnoticeable and our personality is actually stable.That pattern of consistency begins around age 3, and perhaps even earlier.Psychologists study children's temperament—the intensity of a person's reactions to the world.Earlier temperament seems to affect later life experience.For example, children who were shyer and more withdrawn tended to grow into unhappier teenagers.
But studies have found that personality tends to get “better” over time.Psychologists call it “the maturity principle”. People become more extroverted （外向的）, emotionally stable, agreeable and conscientious （细心负责的） as they grow older.
Some individuals might change less than others, but in general, the maturity principle applies to everyone.That makes personality change even harder to recognise in ourselves—how our personality compared with that of our peers doesn't change as much as our overall change in personality, because everyone else is changing right along with us.
So why do we change so much Evidence suggests it's not dramatic life events, such as marriage, the birth of a child or loss of a loved one.Some psychologists actually suggest these events reinforce （加强） your personality as you bring your characteristics with you to that particular situation.
Instead, changing expectations placed on us—as we adjust to university, the work place and start a family—slowly shapes who we are, almost like a pair of shoes.Over time you are asked in many contexts across life to do things a bit differently.So we adapt.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个人的性格并不是一成不变的，而是缓慢变化的。
1.Which word best characterises the main feature of personality that the author stressed ( )
C
A.Unnoticeable. B.Fixed. C.Developmental. D.Diverse.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的But according to psychologists, personality is a developmental phenomenon.可知，最能体现作者所强调的人格特征是developmental （发展的）。故选C项。
2.What can we learn from the text ( )
B
A.Personality is an unchangeable thing that you're stuck with and can't get over.
B.Children's temperament has an influence on their adolescence.
C.Changes in personality can't become obvious in the long term.
D.Not everyone tends to become better in personality when he or she grows older.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后两句可知，早期的性情会影响一个人后来的生活经历。例如，比较害羞和内向的孩子在青少年时期往往会感到不快乐。由此可知，孩子的性格会影响他们的青春期。故选B项。
3.What made us change so much in personality ( )
D
A.Our daily life.
B.The temperament in our childhood.
C.Major life events.
D.The expectations from the surrounding environment.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段内容可知，生活中激动人心的事件并不是让性格变化如此之大的原因；根据最后一段第一句可知，周围的人对我们不断变化的期望使我们的性格变化大。故选D项。
4.What is the author's purpose in writing the text ( )
B
A.To explain a person's future can be figured out by his childhood.
B.To show a person's personality is always changing, but slowly.
C.To prove dramatic life events in life strengthen a person's personality.
D.To inspire one not to change his or her own personality.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的But as you grow older, does your personality change 和第二段内容可知，人的性格是不断发展变化的，但短期内这种变化几乎是不可察觉的。结合全文内容可推断，作者通过文章向读者表明了一个人的性格是在缓慢变化的。故选B项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
stable adj.稳定的
进阶词汇temperament n.性格；秉性
词缀拓展
1.-cy suffix ……的状态/性质 consistency n.［U］一致性
2.-ity suffix ……状态/性质 intensity n.（情感或观点的）强烈
[福建福州2022高二期中] &25& 体裁：说明文 &26& 题材：完善自我 &27& 词数：243 &28& 难度：&29& &30& 建议用时：7分钟
Just because you turn 18 or finish high school doesn't mean you are ready to move out of your
parents' house and live on your own.You need to have the life skills necessary to live in the real
world.1. . Here are some things you should be able to do in order to be an independent young adult.
Perform basic apartment or house maintenance （维护）.It may be annoying to be repeatedly told
to wash the dishes, or pick up your clothes and books, but these skills go even beyond tidiness.2. .
Can you change a vacuum （真空吸尘器） bag without calling your parents for help Do you know
how to run the dishwasher
Manage your own schedule.Time management is very important for young adults, especially if
they're headed to college or going into the workforce.3. . You also need to have some time for fun.
Manage a budget.Having a basic understanding of budgeting will help set you up for success now
and in the future.4. . You also need to set your saving goals and keep to a spending plan.
Deal with your own problems.5. . If you fail an exam, will you go to the professor and see if
you can do additional work to make up the grade If your boss judges a project you've worked on
harshly （严厉地）, will you be more prepared next time
G
D
B
E
F
A.It sounds very simple.
B.You need to plan for study time or meetings.
C.You need to think through how to do the right thing.
D.Some basic skills are required to keep a home working.
E.This includes looking at how much money goes out and what comes in.
F.A big part of being independent is the ability to solve your own problems.
G.If not, there's a good chance that you will find it difficult to be independent.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了想要成为一个独立的年轻人，你应该学会做的一些事情。
1.___
G
解析 根据前文可知，年满18岁或完成高中学业并不意味着你已经准备好搬出父母的房子独自生活了，你需要掌握生活在现实世界中所必需的生活技能，接着下文介绍了几种生活技能。G项（如果没有，你很有可能会发现独立很难）承接上文，符合语境。
2.___
D
解析 根据第二段内容可知，本段与家庭日常生活相关。前句提到一再被吩咐要洗碗、收拾衣服和书可能很烦人，但这些技能是很重要的，后文提出两个疑问。由此可知，此处要表达家庭生活中必须要了解一些基本的技能，D项 （保持家庭正常运转需要一些基本的技能）符合上下文语境。故选D项。
3.___
B
解析 本段主要介绍与时间规划和管理相关的内容，B项中的plan for study time or meetings与本段第一句Manage your own schedule.和空后的You also need to have some time for fun.相呼应。故选B项。
4.___
E
解析 根据前句Having a basic understanding of budgeting will help set you up for success now and in the future.可知，E项（这包括查看多少资金流出、哪些资金流入）承接上文，其中的This指代a basic understanding of budgeting。故选E项。
5.___
F
解析 根据前句Deal with your own problems.和后文的两个问题可知，本段主要介绍自己要处理好自己的问题，F项（独立的一个重要方面是有能力解决自己的问题）符合本段大意。故选F项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.budget n.预算 v.把……编入预算；谨慎花钱
2.make up 补上；补回
熟词生义
1.run 熟义：v.跑 生义：v.使用（车辆或机器等）
2.pick up 熟义：捡起 生义：收拾，整理；听到，学会；取回；感染
3.set up 熟义：建立，设立 生义：set sb up 使某人处于某种位置
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The new study has found no _________ （evident） that sunscreen, commonly used to reduce the risk
of skin cancer, actually increases the risk.
evidence
解析 句意为：这项新研究尚未发现证据证明平常用以降低患皮肤癌风险的防晒霜实际上会增加患病风险。此处作found的宾语，应该填名词，evidence意为“证据”，为不可数名词。that引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence的内容。
2.It is _____________ （dishearten） not to get an A in a semester but what's important is having the
drive to go forward.
disheartening
解析 句意为：一学期拿不到A是令人沮丧的，但重要的是有前进的动力。句首的It是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语not to get an A in a semester，这件事是“令人沮丧的”。故填disheartening。
3.Social media allows users to experience news events __________ （intimate） and immediately.
intimately
解析 句意为：社交媒体让用户可以密切、即时地参与到新闻事件中。设空处和immediately并列，作状语，修饰不定式短语to experience news events，故使用副词形式intimately。
4.The navy were ____ a mission of vital importance to their country.
on
解析 句意为：海军正在执行一项对国家至关重要的任务。on a mission意为“执行任务”，故填介词on。of vital importance to… 意为“对……至关重要的”，作定语修饰mission。
5.___ conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe and enjoyable form of exercise.
In
解析 句意为：最后，散步是一种花钱少、安全、令人愉快的锻炼方式。in conclusion为固定短语，意为“最后”。故填In。
6.Unlike children who loosen bonds _____ their parents as they grow older, dogs can become more
attached to their caregivers throughout their lives.
with
解析 句意为：不同于孩子随着年龄的增长会（逐渐）摆脱对父母的依赖，狗在其一生中会越来越依恋它们的看护者。常与bond搭配的介词有三个：between/of/with。a bond between… 表示“……之间的联系”；a bond of… 表示“……的纽带”；a bond with… 表示“与……之间的关系”。此处表示“孩子与父母之间的关系”，故填with。
7.In 1580 Peter withdrew to Switzerland, where he devoted himself entirely to ________ （write）.
writing
解析 句意为：1580年，彼得退隐到瑞士，在那里他全身心投入到写作中。此处考查devote oneself to （doing） sth,表示“某人致力于（做）某事”，该短语中的to是介词。故填writing。
8.How tiresome ___ must be to stay at home to work on a holiday！
it
解析 句意为：假期待在家里工作该有多烦人啊！该句为感叹句，句中真正的主语是to stay at home to work on a holiday，所以设空处需填形式主语it。
9.If you want to fly, give up ______________ weighs you down.
what/whatever
解析 句意为：如果你想飞翔，就放弃那些拖累你的东西。设空处引导的从句作give up的宾语。设空处在该宾语从句中作主语，相当于the thing that或anything that，故填what/whatever。
10.Scientists believe it is human activity _____ has caused global warming.
that
解析 句意为：科学家们认为是人类活动导致了全球变暖。believe后为宾语从句，若去掉从句中的it is及设空处，从句的句子结构及意义仍完整，由此可判断从句为强调句式，强调从句的主语human activity。故填that。
【方法总结】强调句型的判断方法
若去掉句中的it is/was及that/who，句子结构及意义仍完整，则判断该句为强调句，其基本句型为“it is/was+被强调部分+that/who+其他成分”。
根据提示补全句子。
1.詹姆斯在车祸中受伤了——那就是他今天没来的原因。
James was injured in a car accident—_____ ___ _____ he is absent today.
that
is
why
解析 that is why… 为固定句式，意为“那就是为什么……；那就是……的原因”。
2.这些是区别英式英语和美式英语的特征。（distinguish）
These are some features that ___________ _______ ________ ______ __________ ________.
distinguish
British
English
from
American
English
解析 distinguish… from… 为固定搭配，意为“区分……与……”。
3.一些人是如此痴迷于用极端的方式去减肥，以至于他们最终都生病住院了。（obsess）
Some people ____ ____ _________ _____ losing weight in extreme ways that they end up in hospital.
are
so
obsessed
with
解析 be obsessed with… 意为“对……痴迷”。句中还用到了so… that… 句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。
4.露西把书放在一边，让眼睛休息一会儿。
Lucy _____ ______ her book to rest her eyes for a moment.
laid
aside
解析 lay aside 表示“把……放在一边”。
5.老师一眼就能看出问题所在。
The teacher could tell ___ ___ _______ what was wrong.
at
a
glance
解析 at a glance表示“立刻；（看）一眼”，在句中作状语。
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I'm very sorry that I can't lend my car to you tomorrow morning because I _____________ （use） it
then.
will be using
解析 句意为：非常抱歉，明天早上我不能把车借给你，因为那会儿我得用它。从句中的时间状语then指tomorrow morning这个将来的时间；根据句意可知，明天早上“我”将正在使用它，此处表示不能借车的原因，使用将来进行时表原因。故填will be using。
2.—Can you attend our party tonight
—I'd love to, but I ______________ （see） the boss about something urgent.
will be seeing
解析 句意为：——你能来参加我们今晚的聚会吗？——我很想去，但我得去见老板，谈一些紧急的事情。根据句意可知，由于今晚要见老板所以不能去参加聚会，表示原因，使用将来进行时。故填will be seeing。
3.My wife _______________ （work） on the night shift when my plane arrives.
will be working
解析 句意为：我的飞机到达时，我妻子将在上夜班。时间状语从句中使用了一般现在时表将来，结合句意可知，在“我”的飞机抵达的这个将来的时间，“我”妻子将正在上夜班，表示将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，使用将来进行时。故填will be working。
4.I feel so excited! At this time tomorrow morning, I ______________ （fly） to Shanghai.
will be flying
解析 句意为：我感到很兴奋！明天早上这个时候，我将正飞往上海。句中时间状语是At this time tomorrow morning，结合句意可知，在将来的这个特定时间，即“明天早上这个时候”，“我”将正在飞往上海，表示按照计划即将要发生的动作，使用将来进行时。故填will be flying。
5.I am going on a dream vacation to Hawaii.While you are doing paperwork, I _____________ （lie）
on a sunny beach.
will be lying
解析 句意为：我要去夏威夷度过一个梦幻般的假期。当你在做文书工作的时候，我将正躺在阳光明媚的海滩上。根据句意可知，度假是即将发生的动作，结合时间状语While you are doing paperwork可知，此处强调的是“当你在做文书工作的时候”，表示在这个特定的将来的时间，“我”正在做的事，故使用将来进行时。故填will be lying。
6.Don't phone me between 8:00 am and 9:00 am tomorrow, for I ________________ （attend） an
academic lecture then.
will be attending
解析 句意为：明天上午8点到9点之间不要给我打电话，因为那时我正在参加一个学术讲座。时间状语then指between 8:00 am and 9:00 am tomorrow这个将来时间。结合句意可知，明天上午8点到9点之间“我”将正在听讲座，使用将来进行时表原因。故填will be attending。
7.He is going to take a stroll in the park, and then he ________________ （water） the flowers.
will be watering
解析 句意为：他要在公园里溜达溜达，然后浇浇花。表示将来某动作迟于所安排的另一个动作用将来进行时。故填will be watering。
8.I think that she _______________ （work） on this experiment until next morning.
will be working
解析 句意为：我想她会一直做这个实验直到第二天早上。结合句意可知，这是在预测她会在将来的某一段时间内持续进行的动作，故使用将来进行时。故填will be working。
9.Don't worry.You won't miss him.He _______________ （wear） a red T-shirt at that time.
will be wearing
解析 句意为：别担心，你不会看不见他的。那时他将穿着一件红色的T恤。根据won't和句末的at that time可判断出，设空处应使用将来进行时。故填will be wearing。
10.Sheena told me that she cannot make it to the reception tomorrow because she ________________
（travel） to Bangalore.
will be travelling
解析 句意为：希娜告诉我，她明天不能去参加招待会了，因为她要去班加罗尔。根据句意可知，希娜去班加罗尔是明天开招待会的时候，且此处为不能去招待会的原因，应用将来进行时。故填will be travelling。
[重庆长寿区七校2022高二期末联考] &31& 体裁：记叙文 &32& 题材：个人经历 &33& 词数：225 &34& 难度：&35& &36& 建议用时：8分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When we're young, we fearlessly dream about what our lives might be like.After I went to high
school, I 1. . （dream） of working for the UN in some of the most troubled
2. . （country） in the world.And thanks to a lot of courage, that dream finally came true.
But here's the thing about courage: It doesn't just appear whenever we need it.It's the result of
tough 3. . （consider） and real work, involving the balance between fear and
bravery.4. . fear, we'll do foolish things.And without courage, we'll never step into 5. .
unknown.The balance of the two is where the magic lies.
6. . （diagnose） with a disease called HIBM three years ago, I found all my muscles
affected from head to toe.It was 7. . （frighten） news, because I had no idea how the
disease might progress.But what was 8. . （extreme） disheartening was listening to other
dreamed/dreamt
countries
consideration
Without
the
Diagnosed
frightening
extremely
people advise me to limit my ambition and dreams.It was unacceptable.So, I ignored them and continued
to pursue my dream.
Life is already scary, so to make our dreams come true, we need to be brave.In facing my fears
and 9. . （find） the courage to push through them, I swear my life has been extraordinary.So
live big and try to let your courage outweigh your fear.You never know 10. . it might lead you
in the life journey.
finding
where
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者即使身患疾病，也依然追求梦想的故事。
1._______________
dreamed/dreamt
解析 句意为：我升入高中后就梦想着在世界上一些最困难的国家为联合国工作。根据上文After I went to high school可知，此处叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。故填dreamed/dreamt。
2._________
countries
解析 句意见上一题解析。country在句中表示“国家”，为可数名词，空前有some of，此处应用名词复数。故填countries。
3._____________
consideration
解析 句意为：这是艰难考虑和实际工作的结果，涉及恐惧和勇敢之间的平衡。此处是of的宾语，应用名词形式consideration，意为“考虑”，为不可数名词。
4.________
Without
解析 句意为：没有恐惧，我们就会做傻事。设空处后跟名词作宾语，根据语境，此处表示“没有”，应用介词Without。
5.____
the
解析 句意为：没有勇气，我们永远无法踏入未知。the unknown表示“未知的地方或事物”。故填the。
6.__________
Diagnosed
解析 句意为：三年前，我被诊断出患有一种叫作遗传性包涵体肌病的疾病，我发现我从头到脚的所有肌肉都受到了影响。此处在句中作状语，设空处应用非谓语形式，diagnose与主语I构成逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词。故填Diagnosed。
7.___________
frightening
解析 句意为：这是一个可怕的消息，因为我不知道疾病会如何发展。修饰名词news应用-ing结尾的形容词frightening，作定语，表示“可怕的”。
8.__________
extremely
解析 句意为：但极其令人沮丧的是，我听到别人劝我限制我的抱负和梦想。设空处修饰形容词disheartening，应用副词extremely，作状语。
9.________
finding
解析 句意为：在面对恐惧并找到勇气克服它们的过程中，我发誓我的生活已经非同寻常。设空处和facing是并列关系，作介词In的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填finding。
10._______
where
解析 句意为：你永远不知道它会把你带到人生旅途的什么地方。设空处位于动词know的后面，故此处引导宾语从句，根据语境可知，此处表示“什么地方”。故填where。
A
&37& 体裁：说明文 &38& 题材：学校生活 &39& 词数：325 &40& 难度：&41& &42& 建议用时：7分钟
It's difficult to imagine a standard coming-of-age experience that involves more changes, more stresses, and more personal challenges than freshman year of college.
That food might become a way for many to deal with those stresses is hardly surprising.Weight gain in the first year of college, often jokingly referred to as the “Freshman 15”, is so common that it has become a cliché （陈词滥调）.The fact that this freshman weight gain is so commonplace disguises the fact that it is often a sign of a young person having difficulty coping with the stresses of a new life.
“Food becomes a way to exert control for many freshmen when they feel little control in many areas of their lives,” Molly Kimball, a registered dietitian and sports nutritionist, says.“I work with young people all the time who have got into poor lifestyle choices and a disordered way of eating.”
“These are serious issues,” Carol Holland, associate professor and psychologist in the counselling centre, adds.“Gaining 10 or 15 pounds isn't always a big deal, but it could be a sign that a young person does not have the coping skills needed given the stresses he or she is under.That's something parents want to be aware of.”
“For many students, college life is starting over from square one,” says Holland.“They have all new friends, academic demands, boy-girl relationships, and money worries.They may think it's easy, but quickly they are deep into a real time of difficult transformation.”
So how to keep this situational overeating in check
Get in a regular pattern of eating and selectively eat things you enjoy.Don't skip meals, and keep a healthy, satisfying snack on hand.Also, try to work out a healthy food plan that uses what you have around you that is easy and convenient.Finally, don't stop exercising.Most schools have some kind of student sports centre, join it and get rid of your lazy habits!
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。许多大一新生在生活的许多方面感到无法控制时，就会通过暴饮暴食的方式应对压力，从而会平均增重15磅，这种增重的现象经常被称为“Freshman 15”。文章分析了大学新生的压力来源，并提出了控制这种情况下的暴饮暴食的建议。
1.What happens to freshmen in college according to the passage ( )
C
A.Most of them cannot cope with the changes of life.
B.They are free to eat anything they want away from home.
C.Many of them turn to food as a way to deal with stresses.
D.They usually gain much weight because of the busy schedule.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段首句That food might become a way for many to deal with those stresses is hardly surprising.以及该段末尾句The fact that this freshman weight gain is so commonplace disguises the fact that it is often a sign of a young person having difficulty coping with the stresses of a new life.可知，很多大学新生在应对新生活的压力方面有困难，因此会借助饮食来应对这种心理压力。故选C项。
2.What does the underlined world “These” in Paragraph 4 refer to ( )
B
A.Weight gains. B.Some bad habits. C.Stresses in life. D.Difficulties in college.
解析 词义猜测题。根据语法知识可知，These应指代前文提及的复数意义的人、物或事，根据画线词后的serious issues可知，These指代的是前文提到的严重的问题，结合前文语境可知，These应是指代第三段末尾内容I work with young people all the time who have got into poor lifestyle choices and a disordered way of eating.中提到的poor lifestyle choices and a disordered way of eating，即会因为压力慢慢养成的不良生活习惯。故选B项。
3.Which of the following is a cause of stress among freshmen according to Holland ( )
B
A.Parent-child relationship. B.Academic requirements.
C.Different eating habits. D.Part-time jobs off campus.
解析 细节理解题。第五段中They have all new friends, academic demands, boy-girl relationships, and money worries.提到了他们面临的问题，其中有academic demands（学业要求）。故选B项。
4.What can freshmen do to control overeating ( )
A
A.Joining a basketball club. B.Not having dinner.
C.Keeping away from snacks. D.Staying up to study at night.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段提出的最后一条建议Finally, don't stop exercising.Most schools have some kind of student sports centre, join it and get rid of your lazy habits! 可知，大学新生通过加入运动俱乐部等方式，可以慢慢改变坏习惯而避免暴饮暴食。A项（加入篮球俱乐部）属于该建议中的一种具体方式。故选A项。
[山东泰安2023高二期末] B
&43& 体裁：记叙文 &44& 题材：哲理感悟 &45& 词数：376 &46& 难度：&47& &48& 建议用时：8分钟
When I was growing up, I had an old neighbour named Dr Gibbs.He didn't look like any doctor I'd ever known.He never yelled at us for playing in his yard.I remember him as someone who was a lot nicer than most of the adults in our community.
When Dr Gibbs wasn't saving lives, he was planting trees.His house sat on ten acres, and his life's goal was to make it a forest.
The good doctor had some interesting theories concerning plant care and growth.He never watered his new trees, which flew in the face of conventional wisdom.Once I asked why.He said that watering plants spoiled them so that each successive tree generation would grow weaker and weaker.So you have to make things rough for them and weed out （淘汰） the weaker trees early on.
He talked about how watering trees made for shallow roots, and how trees that weren't watered had to grow deep roots in search of moisture.I took him to mean that deep roots were to be treasured.
So he never watered his trees.He planted an oak and, instead of watering it every morning, he'd beat it with a rolled-up newspaper.Smack! Slap! Pow! I asked him why he did that, and he said it was to get the tree's attention.
Dr Gibbs passed away a couple of years after I left home.Every now and again, I walked by his house and looked at the trees that I'd watched him plant some twenty-five years ago.They're extremely tall, big and robust since they have deep roots now.However, the trees in my garden trembled in a cold wind although I had watered them for several years.
It seems that adversity （逆境） and suffering benefit these trees in ways comfort and ease never could.I stood there deep in thought.
Every night before I go to bed, I check on my two sons.I stand over them and watch their little bodies, the rising and falling of life within.I often hope that their lives will be easy.But I think it's time to change my wish because now I know my children are going to encounter hardship.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者的医生邻居不同寻常的种树理论，如不给树浇水等，他种下的树最后都长得非常高大强壮，并经得起风吹雨打，因为树的根扎得很深。作者由此想到自己的孩子们以后将会遇到困难，所以祈祷他们能像大树一样深深扎根在泥土里，能经得起风雨的洗礼。
1.What can we know according to Dr Gibbs' theories ( )
B
A.Trees will die soon if they are lacking in care. B.Trees will become weaker if they are watered.
C.Trees will grow better if they are weeded out. D.Trees will bear fruit if they are beaten.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的He said that watering plants spoiled them so that each successive tree generation would grow weaker and weaker.可知，根据吉布斯医生的理论，如果给树木浇水，它们会变得更弱。故选B项。
2.What does the underlined word “robust” in Paragraph 6 most probably mean ( )
A
A.Strong. B.Strange. C.Deep. D.Old.
解析 词义猜测题。根据上文They're extremely tall, big和下文since they have deep roots now以及However, the trees in my garden trembled in a cold wind although I had watered them for several years.可知，通过对比作者发现，自己的树常常浇水，却在寒风中颤抖，而邻居家没有浇水的树因为根扎得很深，长得十分高大，由此可推测robust也指的是树木的优点，表示没浇水的树更“强壮”，故画线词表示“强壮的”。故选A项。
3.Which of the following may be the author's wish for his two sons now ( )
C
A.He wishes them strong wings, with which they can fly higher and touch the sky.
B.He wishes them nice fortune so that they can meet people like Dr Gibbs in the future.
C.He wishes them deep roots into the earth since the rains fall and the winds blow often.
D.He wishes them great shade under the tree since the sunlight is always sharp and bitter.
解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中的It seems that adversity and suffering benefit these trees in ways comfort and ease never could.和最后一段中的I often hope that their lives will be easy.But I think it's time to change my wish because now I know my children are going to encounter hardship.可知，作者改变了之前对孩子们的祝愿，知道他们以后终会遇到困难，所以可推知现在作者希望孩子们能像大树一样深深扎根在泥土里，能经得起风雨的洗礼。故选C项。
4.Which of the following can be the best title for the passage ( )
B
A.A Nice Doctor B.The Deep Roots C.Adversity and Suffering D.My Childhood Memory
解析 主旨大意题。分析全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了作者的医生邻居不同寻常的种树理论，如不给树浇水等，他种的树最后长得非常高大强壮，并经得起风吹雨打，因为树的根扎得非常深，作者由此想到自己的孩子们以后将会遇到困难，所以祈祷孩子们能像大树一样深深扎根在泥土里，能经得起风雨的洗礼。故B项“深深的根”适合作为文章最佳标题。故选B项。
&49& 体裁：记叙文 &50& 题材：个人经历 &51& 词数：275 &52& 难度：&53& &54& 建议用时：14分钟
At the age of 17, I found myself between a rock and a hard place.My parents asked me, after finishing my higher secondary school, whether I wanted to . .1. . a medical college or an engineering college.After all, . .2. . a spot at either type of college and getting a degree was no less . .3. . than landing on the moon unless one is really interested in the studies.
I have nothing against medical or engineering education, but I was never really into dealing with numbers or working at a lab in the middle of the night while the rest of the world was busy sleeping.Thus, I made a judgement call—a . .4. . that didn't live up to my parents' . .5. ..I decided to study business administration . .6. . preparing to become a medical doctor or an engineer.I guess, one could say that I was too . .7. . to get out of my comfort zone to serve humans by becoming a doctor, but that didn't exactly . .8. . me from securing a position at the . .9. . of my class as a business administration and management student.
Now when I . .10. . almost 10 years after making that choice, I believe it was one of the most . .11. . decisions I have ever made as it . .12. . me to become the person I am today.As a result, I passed my 4-year honours course with distinction, allowing me the . .13. . to work for some of the most distinguished companies around the world.Would I be able to gain such great experience had I studied at a medical or engineering college, given my . .14. . to study science and technology I . .15. . it.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲的是作者在人生的关键期，作出了对自己至关重要的决定。
1.( )A.visit B.attend C.establish D.accept
B
解析 句意为：我的父母问我，我高中毕业后想上医学院还是工程学院。由空后的a medical college or an engineering college可知，此处表示去上（attend）大学，故选B项。
2.( )A.seeking B.marking C.securing D.missing
C
解析 句意为：毕竟，获得这两种类型大学任何一种的入学资格并获得学位的难度不亚于登月，除非有人真的对研究感兴趣。根据第二段最后一句中的securing a position at the of my class as a business administration and management student 可知，此处表示在这两种类型的大学中获得入学资格。secure意为“（尤指经过大量努力）获得”，符合语境，故选C项。
【知识拓展】secure熟词生义
熟义：adj.安全的；稳固的；可靠的 vt.使安全；保护生义：vt.（尤指经过努力）获得；得到
3.( )A.challenging B.unusual C.valuable D.enjoyable
A
解析 由空后的landing on the moon可知，获得这两种类型大学的入学资格并获得学位的难度不亚于登月，故此处表示这件事是有挑战性的（challenging），故选A项。
4.( )A.decision B.change C.mistake D.difference
A
解析 根据下文的I decided to study business administration可知，此处表示作者作出了一个决定（decision）。故选A项。
5.( )A.standards B.choices C.expectations D.promises
C
解析 根据第一段中的My parents asked me, after finishing my higher secondary school, whether I wanted to ______ a medical college or an engineering college.以及下文的I decided to study business administration可知，作者的决定没有达到父母的期望（expectations）。故选C项。
6.( )A.regardless of B.instead of C.in return for D.in exchange for
B
解析 根据上文内容可知，作者的父母希望作者去医学院或者工程学院，但作者决定学习工商管理，而不是（instead of）准备成为一名医生或者工程师。故选B项。
7.( )A.lazy B.upset C.bored D.puzzled
A
解析 根据空后的get out of my comfort zone to serve humans并结合选项可知，此处表示作者认为有人可能会说是自己太懒惰，不愿意离开自己的舒适区。故选A项。
8.( )A.separate B.rescue C.distract D.prevent
D
解析 根据下文内容可知，作者学习了工商管理后，取得了学位，还有了在著名企业就职的机会，故作者的大学生活是成功的。由此可知，设空处表示，这种看法不会阻碍（prevent）作者在工商管理这一专业中取得优异的成绩。separate意为“使分离”；distract意为“使分心”。故选D项。
9.( )A.tip B.back C.top D.bottom
C
解析 根据下文作者取得的成功可知，此处表示作者在班里名列前茅，即作为工商管理专业的学生在班级里取得领先（top）地位。故选C项。
10.( )A.look back B.come out C.draw back D.work out
A
解析 句意为：现在，当我回首作出选择后的近十年，我相信这是我所作过的最重要的决定之一，因为它使我成为今天的我。根据语境可知，此处表示“回首作出选择后的近十年”。look back意为“回顾”；draw back意为“放弃”。故选A项。
11.( )A.common B.significant C.impossible D.practical
B
解析 句意见上一题解析。由空后的become the person I am today可知，那是一个重要的（significant）决定。
12.( )A.reminded B.taught C.required D.enabled
D
解析 根据空后的become the person I am today可知，此处表示作者认为是自己作出的这一重要决定使自己取得如今的成就。故选D项。
13.( )A.guidance B.approaches C.opportunities D.inspiration
C
解析 句意为：因此，我以优异的成绩通过了四年的荣誉课程，这让我有机会在全世界一些最著名的公司工作。由I passed my 4-year honours course with distinction可知，作者以优异的成绩通过了四年的荣誉课程，这让作者有机会（opportunity）在一些最著名的公司工作。
14.( )A.difficulty B.unwillingness C.hesitation D.anxiety
B
解析 根据第二段中的I was never really into dealing with numbers or working at a lab可知，作者不愿意（unwillingness）学习科学和技术，故选B项。
15.( )A.notice B.desire C.believe D.doubt
D
解析 根据上文作者对自己目前取得的成绩的肯定可知，此处表示作者提出疑问：如果当时学医或进入工程学院，自己还能取得这样的成就吗？ 此处是作者的回答：“我想不能。”
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.with distinction 以优异的成绩
2.given prep.鉴于；考虑到
03
单元限时小卷
建议用时：58分钟
[安徽安庆示范高中2022高二联考] A
&55& 体裁：说明文 &56& 题材：语言文化 &57& 词数：302 &58& 难度：&59& &60& 建议用时：7分钟
The word “orange” describes both a colour and a fruit.Which one came first might be surprising.“Orange” when used as the name of the fruit came before “orange” as a word to describe colour.While the shade itself existed before the fruit, there was not a name in the English language for the colour.Before the introduction of the fruit to English-speaking countries, the colour was usually described as a shade of red or yellow.
In the early 16th century, Portuguese traders brought oranges from India to Europe.The Europeans had not seen the bright-coloured fruit before and didn't have a name for it.The fruits were named “narancia” by Italians and “narange” by the French and were sometimes referred to as “golden apples” by English speakers.
“Orange” was first used in a phrase to describe shades of colours, including in a third-century Greek text translated into English in 1576.It describes Alexander the Great's servants as the ones dressed in “orange colour velvet （天鹅绒）”.In 1578, a Latin-American dictionary defined “melites” as “a precious stone of orange colour”.While orange represents the colour of the objects, it needed the word “colour” to follow it in order for the meaning to be clear.In the mid-1590s, Shakespeare described a beard as “orange tawny”, one of the first instances of “orange” without the word “colour” as part of the expression.Tawny is a brown colour often used on its own.Orange was not yet a colour, just a shade of brown.
In 1616, in an account describing varieties of tulips （郁金香） that can be grown, orange was used as a stand-alone colour.When Isaac Newton performed his experiments on the colour spectrum （色谱）, he listed it as one of the seven basic colours.After almost half a century, orange was recognised as a colour on its own.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了“orange”这个词用于描述颜色的历史起源及发展过程。
1.Which is the right time order of the appearance of “orange” ( )
C
A.As a fruit→as a colour→the shade itself. B.The shade itself→as a colour→as a fruit.
C.The shade itself→as a fruit→as a colour. D.As a colour→the shade itself→as a fruit.
解析 细节理解题。由第一段中的“Orange” when used as the name of the fruit came before “orange” as a word to describe colour.可知，“orange”作为水果的名称是在作为描述颜色的单词之前；由第一段中的While the shade itself existed before the fruit, there was not a name in the English language for the colour.可知，“orange”这种色度在“orange”这种水果出现之前就存在。故顺序为“色度本身→作为水果→作为颜色”。故选C项。
2.What were oranges called by the British in the early 1500s ( )
D
A.Melites. B.Narange. C.Narancia. D.Golden apples.
解析 细节理解题。由第二段中的In the early 16th century, Portuguese traders brought oranges from India to Europe.以及The fruits… were sometimes referred to as “golden apples” by English speakers.可知，在16世纪早期（in the early 1500s），orange被欧洲说英语的人，也就是英国人称作“金苹果”。故选D项。
3.Which of the following would be the right usage of “orange” in the 16th century ( )
B
A.My ball is orange. B.This is an orange colour ball.
C.The orange ball is beautiful. D.I have an orange ball.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的“Orange” was first used in a phrase to describe shades of colours和While orange represents the colour of the objects, it needed the word “colour” to follow it in order for the meaning to be clear.可知，“orange”在16世纪时就被用来描述颜色，但是还需要在后面加上“colour”一词来让其表述的意思更清楚。由此可推断，B项表述正确。
4.What is the best title for the text ( )
C
A.How to Plant Oranges B.The Spread of Oranges
C.Orange Used as a Colour D.Shakespeare and Oranges
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的The word “orange” describes both a colour and a fruit.Which one came first might be surprising.以及下文展开的一系列关于“orange”用于描述颜色的起源及经过可知，本文主要介绍“orange”被用于形容颜色的发展过程。故“Orange Used as a Colour”最适合作为本文标题。故选C项。
B
&61& 体裁：说明文 &62& 题材：科技发展 &63& 词数：346 &64& 难度：&65& &66& 建议用时：8分钟
Scientists from Imperial College London （IC） have found that using virtual reality （VR） headsets can reduce sensitivity to pain, by immersing （沉浸） people in icy Arctic scenery. In a study published in PAIN Reports, a team from IC used VR video to reduce people's sensitivity to ongoing pain and sharp shooting pain.
According to the researchers, the findings add to the growing evidence for the potential of VR technology to help patients with long-term pain. Beyond the distracting effect, they think VR may actually cause the body's own inbuilt pain-fighting systems to start working.
Dr Sam Hughes, the first author on the paper, said “Our work suggests that VR may be getting involved in the processes of the key parts of our inbuilt pain-fighting systems and is helpful in regulating the spread of increased sensitivity to pain.”
To test their theory, researchers applied a kind of cream containing capsaicin （辣椒素）—the chemical that makes your mouth burn—to 15 healthy volunteers. The capsaicin makes the skin more sensitive to painful stimuli （刺激） like a very small electric shock.
In the first trial, participants were then asked to rate the pain caused by the capsaicin cream on a scale of 0—100 （from “no pain” to “worst pain possible”） while either watching a VR scene of Arctic exploration through a headset, or looking at a still image of an Arctic scene on a monitor. Under the same conditions, they were also asked to say when a stimulus applied directly to the skin area was considered painful.
The team found that ongoing pain was reduced following VR immersion, and that sensitivity to painful stimuli was also reduced. However, the same effect was not seen in people who looked at still images of the polar environment.
They explain that while the findings made at the beginning are encouraging, the study is limited by the small number of healthy participants, without long-term pain. However, the researchers believe VR could hold a bright future to treat patients with long-term pain who have poor inbuilt pain-fighting systems.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。伦敦帝国理工学院的科学家发现，使用虚拟现实的头戴式视图器可以让人通过沉浸在冰冷的北极景色中，从而降低对疼痛的敏感度。虽然目前的研究还不够完善，但研究团队认为虚拟现实可以为长期有疼痛症状且自身止痛系统不佳的患者带来光明的前景。
1.How can VR possibly help long-term pain sufferers ( )
A
A.By making their pain-fighting systems function. B.By drawing their attention to fighting pain.
C.By controlling the spread of pain sensitivity. D.By slowing down their brains' reaction to pain.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的they think VR may actually cause the body's own inbuilt pain-fighting systems to start working可知，虚拟现实可能会使人体自身的止痛系统开始工作，因此虚拟现实是通过让止痛系统发挥作用来帮助长期有疼痛症状的患者。故选A项。
2.Which step comes first in their theory testing ( )
C
A.Making capsaicin cream. B.Putting on virtual reality headsets.
C.Applying capsaicin cream to the skin. D.Looking at pictures on a computer screen.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的To test their theory, researchers applied a kind of cream containing capsaicin—the chemical that makes your mouth burn—to 15 healthy volunteers.可知，验证理论过程中的第一步是在皮肤上涂抹含有辣椒素的乳霜。
3.What conclusion can be drawn from the trial ( )
B
A.Still images helped to ease people's pain.
B.VR immersion was the key factor in pain reduction.
C.Healthy people were less sensitive to VR than pain sufferers.
D.Capsaicin cream brought people more pain than electronic stimuli.
解析 推理判断题。倒数第二段总结了研究结论：沉浸入虚拟现实后持续疼痛（的感觉）减轻了，对疼痛刺激的敏感性也降低了，但同样的效果在观看静止的极地环境图片的人身上没有出现。由此可知，虚拟现实沉浸感比观看普通的静止环境图片减轻疼痛的效果更为明显，所以虚拟现实沉浸感是减轻疼痛的关键因素。故选B项。
4.What does the last paragraph imply ( )
A
A.The team feels confident about future VR treatment.
B.The researchers will work on the side effect of VR.
C.VR treatment can be applied in other medical fields.
D.The trial only has an effect on short-term pain patients.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, the researchers believe VR could hold a bright future to treat patients with long-term pain who have poor inbuilt pain-fighting systems.可知，研究人员认为虚拟现实可以为长期有疼痛症状且自身止痛系统较差的患者带来光明的前景。由此可知，本段内容表明了该团队对未来虚拟现实治疗充满信心。故选A项。
长难句分析
In the first trial, participants were then asked to rate the pain
句子主干
caused by the capsaicin cream on a scale of O-100(from“no
过去分词短语作后置定语， 介词短语作状语
修饰 pain
pain” to “worst pain possible”) while either watching a VR. .
scene of Arctic exploration through a headset, or looking at a
并列的现在分词短语作时间状语1，现在分词前加连词 while 表示强调
still image of an Arctic seene on a monitor.
并列的现在分词短语作时间状语 2
句意：在第一次试验中，参与者被要求在通过耳机观看北极探险的虚拟现实场景或在显示器上观看北极场景的静态图像时，对辣椒素膏引起的疼痛进行0—100的评级（从“无疼痛”到“可能最严重的疼痛”）。
&67& 体裁：说明文 &68& 题材：社会交往 &69& 词数：239 &70& 难度：&71&
&72& 建议用时：8分钟
Experts praise the virtues of social connectivity.It's linked to better resistance to stress and even
longer life.1. . Research suggests that loneliness increases the risk of heart disease, anxiety disorders,
depression, high blood pressure and even early death. 2. . Doing things by yourself allows you to
enjoy activities you love at your own pace and in your own way.Through solitary （独处的） pursuits,
you learn more about yourself and reflect on your experiences.
3. . It is an important part of self-development.It allows you to get to know yourself.When you are
surrounded by others, you might set your own ideas and passions aside in order to meet the wants and
needs of your friends and family.Taking time on your own gives you a critical opportunity to make
creative choices and focus your attention without worrying about what other people are thinking.
C
E
B
4. . But research has found that people are often better at solving difficult problems when they work
on their own.While group efforts are often about achieving consensus （一致的意见） and fitting in
with the crowd, solo work encourages creativity without added social pressure.
Relationships are often strongest when each person takes time to take care of themselves.Even when
it comes to friendships, the old saying may be true.A little absence might really make the heart grow
fonder.Having friendships and a strong social support system is important for your mental health and
well-being.5. .
F
G
A.Being alone is harmful if it feels like a punishment.
B.Being alone gives you time to focus on your interests.
C.Being alone, on the other hand, is often associated with loneliness.
D.Research has shown that many people actually prefer being on their own.
E.However, research is increasingly showing that doing things alone does pay off.
F.Brainstorming together is often seen as one of the best ways to generate new ideas.
G.But being alone occasionally may make you appreciate those connections even more.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了社交和独处两种社会现象以及它们各自的优点和缺点。
1.___
C
解析 空后一句是对孤独的研究结果，设空处需要引出“孤独”这个话题，C项（另一方面，独处常常与孤独有关）能引出下文，故选C项。
2.___
E
解析 空前一句是讲孤独的坏处，而空后一句是在阐述独自做事的好处，前后意思相反，所以设空处需要表转折的句子，E项中的“However”表转折，且表述与下文一致，故选E项（然而，越来越多的研究表明，独自做事确实会奏效）。
3.___
B
解析 设空处位于段首，根据空后的It is an important part of self-development. It allows you to get to know yourself.以及本段最后一句可知，本段主要讲述独自做事情的好处，B项（独处给你时间专注于你的兴趣）与本段大意相符，是段落主题句。
4.___
F
解析 根据空后的But research has found that people are often better at solving difficult problems when they work on their own.可知，设空处语意应与空后为转折关系，且结合本段最后一句中的solo work encourages creativity without added social pressure可知，本段是针对创造性讲的，F项中的Brainstorming together与空后work on their own相反，且generate new ideas与下文的creativity呼应，故选F项（一起集思广益通常被认为是产生新想法的最佳方式之一）。
5.___
G
解析 综合全文，文章主要讨论social connectivity和being alone这两个话题，且空前一句是在讲social connectivity的重要性，而作为本文最后一段的总结，也应讲到being alone，并指出两者之间的关系，G项（但偶尔的独处会让你更加珍惜这些人际关系）与上文的A little absence might really make the heart grow fonder.相呼应，符合语境。
[广东湛江2022高二期中] &73& 体裁：记叙文 &74& 题材：个人情感 &75& 词数：248 &76& 难度：&77& &78& 建议用时：12分钟
I remember my first day to go to a new school in the 2nd grade.My dad accompanied me to the bus stop.As we waited for the bus, I just held his hand . .1. ., but it still couldn't remove my clear sense of fear and anxiety.The moment finally arrived at which I had to . .2. . this new environment at a school where I had no friends, no . .3. . teachers or classmates.It seemed everything would be full of . .4. ..
The school bus pulled up.I turned around and . .5. . to my father.As I boarded the bus, my . .6. . continued to grow and I turned around once again to make a farewell gesture to my dad.When the bus pulled away, I couldn't help . .7. ..
Being lonely, I was very . .8. . in the classroom.I glanced out of the window and I really expected to see his kind figure.To my . .9. ., there he was! He stood there, making the shape of a heart to . .10. . me and mouthing to me, “Everything will be okay.” It was . .11. . to me that my father had seen me crying so he . .12. . the school bus.He wanted to make sure that I would get and stay there . .13. . and that my first day wouldn't worry him.
With his . .14. ., I'm now studying in Princeton University.Today is Father's Day, and I want to say that love is not about changing each other but . .15. . each other.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在新学校上二年级的第一天，感到非常焦虑和紧张。作者的父亲担心作者不适应新环境，于是偷偷跟去学校陪伴作者度过在新学校的第一天。
1.( )A.calmly B.gently C.sincerely D.firmly
D
解析 根据空后的it still couldn't remove my clear sense of fear and anxiety可知，作者第一天上学非常紧张，所以这时紧紧地牵着父亲的手。故选D。
2.( )A.call on B.engage in C.adapt to D.learn from
C
解析 根据上文中的I remember my first day to go to a new school in the 2nd grade.以及设空处后的this new environment at a school where I had no friends可知，作者是第一天到这个新学校上学，在学校里没有认识的人，所以必须要适应新环境。故选C。
3.( )A.familiar B.normal C.motivated D.strict
A
解析 根据空前的this new environment at a school可知，这个学校对于作者来说是全新的，所以里面没有作者熟悉的老师或同学。故选A。
4.( )A.fantasies B.energy C.hope D.challenges
D
解析 根据上文中的my clear sense of fear and anxiety以及this new environment at a school可知，作者对于新环境感到十分害怕和担忧，所以作者感觉充满挑战。故选D。
5.( )A.waved B.went C.listened D.pointed
A
解析 根据上文中的The school bus pulled up.可知，校车到了，作者要离开父亲去学校了，所以要挥手和父亲告别。故选A。
6.( )A.ambition B.sadness C.curiosity D.shock
B
解析 根据空后的I turned around once again to make a farewell gesture to my dad可知，作者再次转过身和父亲说再见，由此可知作者非常舍不得父亲，心里十分难过。故选B。
7.( )A.repeating B.thinking C.jumping D.crying
D
解析 根据下文中的my father had seen me crying可知，作者一离开父亲就难过地哭了起来。故选D。
8.( )A.ashamed B.puzzled C.inactive D.excited
C
解析 根据空前的Being lonely可知，作者在学校非常孤独，所以很不活跃。故选C。
9.( )A.embarrassment B.regret C.amusement D.surprise
D
解析 根据上文中的I really expected to see his kind figure可知，作者非常期待在窗外看到自己的父亲，所以当作者看到父亲在窗外时，感到大吃一惊。故选D。
10.( )A.approve B.instruct C.comfort D.praise
C
解析 根据父亲所说的内容“Everything will be okay.”可知，父亲是在安慰作者。故选C。
11.( )A.important B.unknown C.strange D.common
B
解析 根据上文中的I really expected to see his kind figure可知，作者想看到父亲，由此推断出作者对父亲所做的一切都不知道。故选B。
12.( )A.followed B.stopped C.transformed D.controlled
A
解析 根据空前的my father had seen me crying以及下文He wanted to make sure that I would get and stay there ______ and that my first day wouldn't worry him.可知，父亲在看到作者哭泣后非常担心，于是就跟着校车到学校来陪伴作者度过在校的第一天。故选A。
13.( )A.quietly B.safely C.nervously D.freely
B
解析 根据空后的my first day wouldn't worry him可知，父亲担心作者在新学校的第一天，所以父亲选择到学校看看作者是否安全到达并待在那里。故选B。
14.( )A.education B.understanding C.care D.advice
C
解析 根据上文父亲为作者所做的一切可知，父亲十分关心作者。故选C。
15.( )A.supporting B.judging C.warning D.training
A
解析 根据空前的I want to say that love is not about changing each other以及父亲为作者所做的一切可知，作者认为爱并不是改变彼此，而是要在处于困境时支持彼此。故选A。
[浙江2023年1月] &79& 体裁：说明文 &80& 题材：传统文化 &81& 词数：201 &82& 难度：&83& &84& 建议用时：8分钟
During China's dynastic period, emperors planned the city of Beijing 1. . arranged the residential
areas according to social classes.The term “hutong”, 2. . （original） meaning “water well” in
Mongolian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
In the Ming Dynasty, the center was the Forbidden City, 3. . （surround） in concentric
（同心的） circles by the Inner City and Outer City.Citizens of higher social classes 4. .
（permit） to live closer to the center of the circles.The large siheyuan of these high-ranking officials
and wealthy businessmen often 5. . （feature） beautifully carved and painted roof beams and
pillars （柱子）.The hutongs they formed were orderly, lined by 6. . （space） homes and
walled g