外研版（2019） 必修 第二册 Unit 4 Stage and screenPeriod Ⅰ Starting out & Understandi ng ideas 必刷题课件(共84张PPT)

(共84张PPT)
选择性必修第二册
Unit 4 Breaking boundaries
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Cholera （霍乱） is a bacterial _________, which is __________.（infect）
infection
infectious
解析 句意为：霍乱是一种细菌传染病，具有传染性。第一空作表语，空前有冠词a以及形容词bacterial，该空需要填名词单数，故填infection；根据语境和第二空前的be动词is可知，该空应填形容词，表示“传染性的”，故填infectious。
2.We have many great instrumentalists （乐器演奏家）, who have skill and technique, as well as
passion and _________ （devote）. ［China Daily］
devotion
解析 句意为：我们有很多伟大的乐器演奏家，他们有技法，有激情，有奉献精神。设空处作have的宾语，与passion之间是并列关系，应用devote的名词形式。故填devotion。
3.Still, most of us volunteers breathe a sigh of ______ （relieve） when the season comes to a close.
relief
解析 句意为：尽管如此，当赛季结束时，我们大多数志愿者都松了一口气。breathe a sigh of relief意为“松一口气”。
4.This ________ （tragic） cast a shadow on their lives, making them gloomy and depressed.
tragedy
解析 句意为：这一悲剧给他们的生活投下了阴影，使他们郁郁寡欢。设空处作主语，应用名词。故填tragedy。
5.According to many __________ （specialise）, our bodies send out more messages than we realise.
specialists
解析 句意为：根据很多专家所说，我们的身体发出的信息比我们意识到的多。设空处作介词短语According to的宾语，应用名词，其前有many修饰，应用复数形式。故填specialists。
6.I'd appreciate it if you could assist me _______ finishing the experiment.
in/with
解析 句意为：如果你能帮助我完成实验，我将不胜感激。assist sb in/with doing sth为固定搭配，意为“帮助某人做某事”。故填in/with。
7.Visitors are often amazed ________ （find） themselves in an urban building that so truly captures the
beauty of nature forms.
to find
解析 句意为：游客经常会惊奇地发现自己身处一座如此真实地捕捉到自然形态之美的城市建筑中。be amazed to find意为“惊奇地发现”，为固定搭配。
8.This was the second time international sporting events __________________ （broadcast） live in this
remote mountain village.
had been broadcast
解析 句意为：这是国际体育赛事第二次在这个偏远的山村进行现场直播。固定句型This was the second time that… 意为“这是第二次……”，从句应用过去完成时，broadcast与international sporting events之间是被动关系，应用被动语态。故填had been broadcast。
9.The visual images and wonderful handicrafts are not only a good reflection of deep traditional Chinese
culture, ____ also a wonderful artwork used as decorations.
but
解析 句意为：视觉形象和精美的手工艺品不仅很好地反映了深厚的中国传统文化，也是用作装饰的美妙艺术品。not only… but also… 意为“不仅……而且……”，为固定短语。故填but。
10.It's necessary for you ________ （lock） the car when you do not use it.
to lock
解析 句意为：当你不用汽车的时候，有必要把它锁起来。此处为“it is+adj.+for sb+to do sth”句型，意为“对某人来说做某事是……的”。故填to lock。
根据提示补全句子。
1.青少年的睡眠越来越少，这使他们面临更大的身心健康问题。（at risk）
Teenagers get less and less sleep, putting them ___ _______ _____ ___ physical and mental health
problems.
at
higher
risk
of
解析 put… at risk 是固定搭配，为呼应前面的比较级，且表示“面临更大的身心健康问题”，此处应用high的比较级形式。
2.学习使用这些软件程序是至关重要的，它们可以帮助你进行收集和评估。（vital）
___ ___ _____ ___ ______ to use these software programs, both of which can help you with collection
and evaluation.
It
is
vital
to
learn
3.他接手了公司，就必须接替他爸爸的位置。（step into one's shoes）
When he inherited the business, he had to _____ _____ ____ ________ ______.
step
into
his
father's
shoes
4.越来越多的人参与生态旅游。（involved）
There is an increasing number of people who ____ _________ ___ ecotourism.
get
involved
in
5.很高兴能就专业选择给你提一些建议。（形式主语it）
___ ___ ___ ______ ________ ___ give you some suggestions about choosing your major.
It
is
a
great
pleasure
to
&1& 体裁：记叙文 &2& 题材：国际援助 &3& 词数：197 &4& 难度：&5& &6& 建议用时：6分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
When I saw the tragic scenes on the news, as a doctor, I felt 1. . was my duty to go to Liberia
with MSF, a non-profit organisation whose mission is to provide medical care to those 2. .
（need） assistance.
As Ebola 3. . （break） out in Liberia, both patients and doctors were in great need of
help.My mission was to take 4. . Emma's post.Emma is a Canadian specialist in infectious diseases,
who 5. . （be） at the end of her posting.There, I also got to know Wilton, Maisy, Alfonso, and
many others.6. . from different continents, we gathered in one team with a common
belief.We have worked together 7. . （fight） against Ebola, and will never give up on a
patient.We 8. . （surround） by blood, vomit and death often, but miracles of life do
sometimes flash into our work.These small but unexpected successes make up 9. . many other less
fortunate cases.We feel quite relieved.
it
needing
broke
over
was
Though/Although
to fight
are surrounded
for
Such a mission with MSF establishes bonds between people.And it is really inspiring to work
together with the colleagues in a common cause.We will work together to create a 10. .
（peace） and prosperous global community.
peaceful
1.___
it
解析 设空处在felt后的宾语从句中作形式主语，不定式短语to go to Liberia with MSF为从句真正的主语。
2.________
needing
解析 此处作后置定语，修饰those，表示“需要帮助的人”，those与need之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词形式。
3.______
broke
解析 “埃博拉”病毒爆发是发生在过去的事情，应用一般过去时。
4._____
over
解析 take over意为“接管”。
5._____
was
解析 根据前文可知，定语从句的关系词who指代Emma，设空处在从句中作系动词，应用单数形式；此处描述发生在过去的事，应用一般过去时。
6.________________
Though/Although
解析 根据语境可知，此处意为“尽管”，表示让步；分析句子结构可知，此处为让步状语从句的省略结构，省略了从句中和主句相同的主语和be动词。
7.________
to fight
解析 此处应用不定式短语作目的状语。
8.______________
are surrounded
9.____
for
解析 make up for为固定搭配，意为“弥补；补足”。
10._________
peaceful
解析 设空处与形容词prosperous并列作定语，修饰名词短语global community，应用形容词。
[安徽合肥六中2022高二期中] &7& 体裁：说明文 &8& 题材：社会文化 &9& 词数：177 &10& 难度：&11& &12& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Did you grow up in one culture, your parents came from another, and you are now living in a
1. . （total） different country If so, then you are a third-culture kid.
The term “third-culture kid” 2. . （use） in the 1960s for the first time by Dr Ruth.She
first came across this phenomenon while 3. . （research） North American children living in
India.In general, third-culture kids benefit 4. . their intercultural experience and they often reach
excellent academic results.
Yet many 5. . （difficulty） may arise from this phenomenon.Third-culture kids may not
be able to adapt 6. . （they） completely to their new surroundings.Also, they often find it
hard 7. . （develop） new friendship.Additionally, for a third-culture kid, it is often 8. .
（easy） to move to a new country than to return to his homeland.For example, after living in Australia
for many years, Louise finally returned to the country 9. . she was born.She didn't know anything
about current TV shows 10. . fashion trends.And she didn't share the same values as other teens of
her age.
totally
was used
researching
from
difficulties
themselves
to develop
easier
where
or
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“第三文化孩子”这一概念，以及这种跨文化经历给孩子带来的优势和弊端。
1._______
totally
解析 句意为：你是不是在一种文化中长大，你的父母来自另一种文化，而你现在生活在一个完全不同的国家？设空处修饰形容词different，应用副词。故填totally。
2.__________
was used
解析 句意为：“第三文化孩子”这个术语在20世纪60年代首次被露丝博士使用。根据句中的in the 1960s可知，句子描述的是过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，句子主语The term “third-culture kid”和use之间为被动关系，故应用被动语态；主语为单数概念，谓语应用单数形式。故填was used。
3.___________
researching
解析 句意为：她在研究生活在印度的北美儿童时第一次发现这种现象。此处为while引导的时间状语从句的省略结构，从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句谓语包含be动词，故省略从句中的主语和be动词，从句中被省略的主语she与research之间为主动关系，且此处表示过去正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时。故填researching。
4.______
from
解析 句意为：一般来说，第三文化的孩子从他们的跨文化经历中受益，通常会取得优异的学习成绩。固定短语benefit from意为“从……中获益”。故填from。
5.__________
difficulties
解析 设空处前有many修饰，difficulty意为“难题”时为可数名词，故用其复数形式。故填difficulties。
6.___________
themselves
解析 句意为：第三文化的孩子可能无法完全适应他们的新环境。根据语境可知，此处表示这些孩子无法让自己适应新环境，设空处应用反身代词，表示“他们自己”。故填themselves。
7.___________
to develop
解析 句意为：而且，他们经常发现很难建立新的友谊。此处为固定结构find it hard to do sth，意为“发现做某事很难”，其中it为形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式结构。故填to develop。
8.______
easier
解析 句意为：此外，对于第三文化的孩子来说，移居到一个新的国家比回到自己的祖国更容易。根据句意和句中的than可知，句中把“移居到一个新的国家”和“回到自己的祖国”进行对比，应用比较级。故填easier。
9._______
where
解析 句意为：例如，在澳大利亚生活多年后，路易丝终于回到了她出生的国家。根据句意和句子结构可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the country，关系词在从句中作地点状语。故填where。
10.___
or
解析 句意为：她对当前的电视节目和时尚潮流一无所知。根据句中didn't可知，句子为否定句，句中TV shows和fashion trends为并列关系，否定句中应用连词or连接并列成分，表示“也不”。故填or。
[广东肇庆2022月考] A
&13& 体裁：记叙文 &14& 题材：文化差异 &15& 词数：300 &16& 难度：&17& &18& 建议用时：6分钟
For us, one of the many culture shocks we experienced was during our time in Bolivia.We spent five months travelling around South America but Bolivia surprised us most.Tourism and the approach to service in Bolivia are, to some extent, underdeveloped, which is not necessarily bad.However, you might get the feeling that the locals don't like your presence.At times we didn't feel welcome at all.
Bolivians will stare at you, give angry looks, and often won't even say hi when you come to their stores and restaurants.After some conversations with locals, we were told that the negative attitude had nothing to do with us.Bolivians are just not used to foreigners and don't really know how to handle tourists.But we can't even blame them.After a long and hard time as a Spanish colony, people are still very suspicious of foreigners.
What we loved most and surprised us is how Bolivians keep their traditions alive, which is truly amazing.We often saw locals wearing their traditional clothes and marketing their self-made medicine.These and other efforts to preserve their customs deserve respect.You just can't see that in many countries in the world.
I loved their clothes so much that I borrowed a traditional Bolivian dress to try to overcome the “tourist vs local barrier” and show the locals on the island that we truly love their culture and appreciate it.The experience was absolutely wonderful.We walked to the sunset point and locals were smiling and waving at us, cheering and we felt like we had a “connecting moment”.
Even though we had this culture shock and despite the negative feelings at the beginning of our travels in Bolivia, we have to say that we will never forget how special Bolivia was to us.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了作者在玻利维亚旅行期间感受到的当地文化。
1.How might newcomers feel about Bolivians ( )
A
A.They are cold. B.They are gentle. C.They are clever. D.They are generous.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的However, you might get the feeling that the locals don't like your presence.At times we didn't feel welcome at all.可知，新来者会认为玻利维亚人不欢迎他人，即认为他们很冷漠。故选A项。
2.What shaped Bolivians' attitude to foreigners ( )
D
A.Foreigners' rude manners. B.The location of the country.
C.Local people's lack of knowledge. D.The unpleasant history of the country.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的After a long and hard time as a Spanish colony, people are still very suspicious of foreigners.可知，不愉快的国家历史影响了玻利维亚人对外国人的态度。故选D项。
3.What's the author's favourite about Bolivians ( )
D
A.They seldom blame foreigners. B.They are good at doing business.
C.They have many self-made items. D.They preserve their traditions well.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的What we loved most and surprised us is how Bolivians keep their traditions alive, which is truly amazing.可知，玻利维亚人将自己的传统延续得很好，这是作者最喜欢玻利维亚人的一点。故选D项。
4.Which of the following best describes the author's trip to Bolivia ( )
B
A.Restless. B.Eye-opening. C.Fruitless. D.Awkward.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容并结合第三、四段中作者所写的自己对玻利维亚文化的喜爱之情可推知，作者此行大开眼界、收获颇丰。故选B项。
[辽宁大连2023高二期末] B
&19& 体裁：说明文 &20& 题材：介绍说明 &21& 词数：351 &22& 难度：&23& &24& 建议用时：8分钟
All day long, at an MSF distribution centre, humanitarian （人道主义的） supplies make their way to some of the most dangerous spots on the planet.Specially marked boxes are being packed with medicines and supplies, which are on their way to Ebola-affected Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.
Kathy Dedieu became a sanitation （卫生设备） and water engineer for MSF a decade ago.She has just returned from Liberia, where MSF is working to help reopen the hospitals.Her job is to make sure that clean parts of the hospitals are kept separate from areas that are polluted.She says the situation there is a complete disaster.“Even during the war, I haven't seen a health system close so fast.The hospitals are empty because the health staff just aren't there,” she says.Dedieu was in Liberia during that country's civil war in 2003.
MSF was founded in 1971 by a group of doctors and journalists.“I remember being criticised in the 1980s as a ‘medical cowboy',” says Rony Brauman, who headed MSF from 1982 to 1994.“We were blamed for riding in these countries, distributing our pills and creating unreasonable expectations.” But Brauman says that's the nature of health care.“We raise expectations; we create new diseases by treating old diseases,” Brauman says.“That's how it works in general.It was a kind of fight.MSF won that fight.”
MSF doctor Cameron Bopp says he's worked with other humanitarian organisations but is always impressed by the level of devotion and motivation he's found at MSF.“The main thing that's different about MSF from the point of view that someone like me who goes out and works in the field holds is that when there's an emergency, other organisations say, ‘Whoa, this is an emergency.We're gonna be there as soon as we get funding.’ But MSF has the funding,” he says.“We start right away.” 90% of MSF's funding comes from a devoted base of five million donors.That gives it the independence to speak out and do what's really needed.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了“无国界医生”这一非营利组织。
1.What is the first paragraph mainly about ( )
C
A.Showing the places affected by Ebola. B.Exploring a distribution centre of MSF.
C.Introducing one of the functions of MSF. D.Encouraging donations to Ebola-affected areas.
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段内容可知，第一段介绍了“无国界医生”的一个分发中心为受埃博拉病毒感染的地区配发物资的场景，所以第一段主要介绍了该组织的一项功能。故选C项。
2.What can we learn about Kathy Dedieu ( )
D
A.She is working in Liberia. B.She was once a soldier in the civil war.
C.She founded MSF with many other doctors. D.She helps with pollution prevention in hospitals.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段中的Her job is to make sure that clean parts of the hospitals are kept separate from areas that are polluted.可知，凯茜·德迪厄的工作是确保医院的清洁区和污染区是分开的，即预防医院被污染。故选D项。
3.What was people's attitude to MSF in the early years ( )
C
A.Optimistic. B.Uncaring. C.Disapproving. D.Curious.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章第三段中的“I remember being criticised in the 1980s as a ‘medical cowboy’,” says Rony Brauman, who headed MSF from 1982 to 1994.“We were blamed for riding in these countries, distributing our pills and creating unreasonable expectations.”可知，“无国界医生”成立之初是不被人们接受的。故选C项。
4.How is MSF different from other humanitarian organisations according to Cameron ( )
A
A.It has a lot of faithful donors. B.It involves many journalists.
C.It is operated by doctors themselves. D.It obtains funding from the government.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段内容可知，“无国界医生”不同于其他人道主义组织的主要特点之一在于它有许多可靠的捐赠者。故选A项。
[湖北监利2022高二期末] &25& 体裁：说明文 &26& 题材：全球一体化 &27& 词数：277 &28& 难度：&29& &30& 建议用时：8分钟
People Are People
Globalisation brought different cultures together in a way unimaginable one hundred years ago.Today,
Chinese, Indians, Arabs, Africans, Anglos, and Hispanics may all work in the same offices, attend the
same schools or live in the same neighbourhoods.As cultures meet with each other, many differences
stand out.1. .
We want to show, however, that there is more to these cultures than diversity.Let's take examples of
the following old proverbs.
“Honesty is the first chapter in the book of wisdom.”
“One falsehood spoils a thousand truths.”
“Be honest to those who are honest and those who are not honest.”
“A sacrifice is spoiled by a lie and the merit of devotion by an act of cheating.”
2. . These seem to be a sort of cultural unity.
A
D
We don't want to imply all cultures are the same.Cultural diversity is real, and people from different
cultures view many situations in different ways.3. . They are justice, courage, patience, generosity,
equality, mercy, kindness, respect for the elders and many more.Lying and stealing appear to be wrong
no matter where you go.Perhaps some cultures make room for extenuating （情有可原的） circumstances
more than others; perhaps different cultures apply these virtues in different ways; and when values are
inconsistent, different cultures may place different levels of importance on them.4. . But both cultures
may still value both.
To us, it seems as if there is some sort of code of right and wrong that everyone in the world
seems to understand, regardless of culture.It is almost as if, behind all of the diversity, one finds a
common understanding—a human culture—that goes beyond racial, social, and political boundaries.5. .
E
G
F
A.And our society has lately stressed the importance of diversity.
B.All people seem to agree that we ought to have unique culture.
C.Each virtue supports many more sayings from different cultures.
D.These sayings from four separate cultures all support the same quality—honesty.
E.However, historically, different cultures seem to share a great many common values.
F.It is almost as if, despite all our differences, we are all still the same—we are just people.
G.For example, one culture may lean more towards justice and another culture more towards mercy.
【语篇导读】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了全球化将不同的文化聚集在一起，尽管不同的文化有很多不同之处，但我们崇尚的美德仍然是一样的。
1.___
A
解析 空前一句As cultures meet with each other, many differences stand out.说明当文化相互碰撞时，许多差异就凸显出来了；再结合下文中的however及其后提到不同文化拥有的不仅仅是差异可知，设空处在语义上顺承上一句，与下文是转折关系，A项符合语境，且A项中的diversity和上文中的differences及下文中的diversity相呼应。故选A。
2.___
D
解析 上文介绍了关于诚实的谚语，下文说这些谚语似乎有一种文化统一性，由此可知设空处是在总结上文中的谚语所体现的价值观——诚实。故D项（这些来自四种不同文化的谚语都强调同样的品质——诚实）符合语境，故选D。
3.___
E
解析 空前一句说明了来自不同文化的人以不同的方式看待许多情况，而空后一句表明了不同文化拥有的共同价值观，由此可知，此处与上文提到的文化多样性构成转折，且引出下文，E项符合语境，故选E。
4.___
G
解析 上文提到当价值观相矛盾时，不同的文化可能会有不同程度的侧重，由此可推测设空处应承接上文，针对这一现象进行具体举例，后文中的both cultures指代G项中的one culture和another culture。故G项（例如，一种文化可能更倾向于正义，而另一种文化可能更倾向于仁慈）符合语境，故选G。
5.___
F
解析 上文提到人们形成了一种超越种族、社会和政治界限的人类文化，设空处为本段最后一句，承接上文，说明尽管人与人之间有很多不同，但我们同样都是人类，F项符合语境，且F项中的we are just people与标题相呼应，故选F。
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Rome was not built in a day.You should set ________ （reality） goals and work hard to achieve
them.
realistic
解析 句意为：罗马非一日建成。你应该树立切实可行的目标并努力去实现它们。设空处修饰名词goals，表示“切实可行的”，应用形容词。故填realistic。
2.Travelling along the old Silk Road is an interesting and __________ （reward） experience.
rewarding
解析 句意为：沿着古老的“丝绸之路”旅行是一次有趣且有意义的经历。设空处须用一个形容词与interesting 并列，共同修饰名词experience。故填rewarding。
3.His hard work and __________ （dedicate） made him a leading artist in Beijing Opera.
dedication
解析 句意为：他的勤奋和敬业精神使他成为京剧的领军人物。根据表示并列的and可知，设空处应用名词，和hard work并列作主语。故填dedication。
4.The manager didn't know how to deal with the ________ （divide） within the matter.
division
解析 句意为：经理不知道如何处理在这件事上的分歧。设空处作deal with的宾语，空前有定冠词the，应用名词。故填division。
5.The Story of My Life by Helen Keller is the most__________ （influence） book in my life.
influential
解析 句意为：海伦·凯勒的《我的人生故事》是对我一生影响最大的一本书。设空处修饰名词book，作定语，应用形容词。故填influential。
6.The key to realising ___________ （harmony） coexistence between man and nature lies in the
protection of wild animals.
harmonious
解析 句意为：实现人与自然和谐共处的关键在于保护野生动物。设空处修饰名词coexistence，应使用形容词harmonious，意为“和谐的”。
7.My efforts in helping him promote his career seemed to have been ___ vain.［China Daily］
in
解析 句意为：我为帮助他推动事业发展所作的努力似乎白费了。in vain 意为“徒劳；白费力气”，为固定短语。
8.The country's booming industry has expanded quickly but ___a great cost to the environment.
at
解析 句意为：该国工业发展迅速，但对环境造成了巨大损害。固定搭配at a great cost to意为“大大损害……”，符合句意。故填at。
9.The students benefiting most from college are those who are totally engaged___academic life, taking
full advantage of the college's chances and resources.
in
解析 句意为：从大学中受益最多的学生是那些完全投身学术研究、充分利用大学的机会和资源的学生。固定搭配be engaged in意为“从事；忙于”。故填in。
10.Do not boast about tomorrow, for you do not know what a day may bring______.
forth
解析 句意为：不要为明日自夸，因为一日要生何事，你尚且不能知道。固定搭配bring forth意为“使产生；使出现”，符合句意。故填forth。
根据提示补全句子。
1.人们点起蜡烛，纪念那些在扑灭森林大火时牺牲的消防队员。（memory）
People lit candles ___ ________ ___ the firefighters who lost their lives while fighting forest fires.
in
memory
of
2.她许诺要毕生从事科学研究。（dedicate）
She promised that she would________ ____ ____ ___ scientific studies.
dedicate
her
life
to
3.试图用武力解决问题是没用的，和谈才是唯一的办法。（it is no use…）
___ ___ ____ ____ _______to solve the problem by force.Peace talks are the only solution.
It
is
no
use
trying
【知识拓展】
常用it作形式主语、动名词作真正主语的句型
it's no use/good doing… 做……是没用的it's a waste of time doing… 做……是浪费时间
4.联合国成立于1945年，其主要使命是维护国际和平与安全。（非限制性定语从句）
The United Nations, _______ ______ ________ ___ ___preserve international peace and security, was
founded in 1945.
whose
main
mission
is
to
5.遵守规则以让社会保持秩序、人民生活安定是每个人的责任。（形式主语it）
___ ___ __________ _________________ ___ ______the rules to keep the society in order and people's
lives stable.
It
is
everyone's
duty/responsibility
to
obey
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.It is difficult __________ （breathe） at these altitudes.
to breathe
解析 句意为：在这些高海拔的地方难以呼吸。此处it作形式主语，动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to breathe。
2.___ is a pity that he didn't get the scholarship because of his poor academic performance.
It
解析 句意为：很遗憾，由于学习成绩差，他没有得到奖学金。分析句子结构可知，that引导主语从句，设空处要用It作形式主语。故填It。
3.How did ___ come about that you were late for the meeting again
it
解析 句意为：你开会又迟到了，这是怎么回事 How did it come about that…？是固定句型，意为“……是怎么发生的？”其中it是形式主语，that引导主语从句。故填it。
4.It is vital that we______________ （act） to stop the destruction of the rain forests.
（should） act
解析 句意为：我们必须采取行动阻止破坏雨林的行为。vital意为“至关重要的”，it is vital that… 为常用句型，从句要用虚拟语气,即从句谓语用“should+动词原形”,should可以省略。故填（should） act。
5.___suddenly hit him that he could join the charity to help the homeless.
It
解析 句意为：他突然想到他可以加入慈善机构帮助无家可归者。it hit（s） sb that… 意为“某人突然想起……”，是固定句型，it作形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。设空处位于句首，首字母应大写，故填It。
6.It is believed _____ the importance parents attach to education is of great benefit to children's personal
growth.
that
解析 句意为：人们相信父母对教育的重视对孩子的个人成长非常有益。it is believed that… 意为“人们认为……”，it作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语。
7.It suddenly occurred to him _____ he had left his keys in the office.
that
解析 句意为：他突然想起他把钥匙忘在办公室里了。分析句子结构可知,It是形式主语，真正的主语是名词性从句______ he had left his keys in the office。从句句意完整，不缺主干成分，所以用that引导该从句。故填that。
8.It is foolish ___ him to drive after being drunk.
of
解析 句意为：他喝醉酒还开车，真是愚蠢。此处为固定句型“it be+adj.+of sb+to do sth”，意为“某人做某事真是太……了”。故填of。
【知识拓展】
“it be+adj.+for/of sb+to do sth”句型
it作形式主语，真正的主语是不定式（短语）。如果形容词表示事物的性质（如easy, difficult, important, true, possible, likely, necessary等），介词常用for；如果形容词表示人的品行、性格（如nice, kind, stupid等），常用介词of。如：It is important for us to learn English well.对我们来说，学好英语很重要。
9.It is estimated _____ up to 60% of the local population is being reached through these radio
broadcasts.
that
解析 句意为：据估计，多达60%的当地人能够收听这些无线电广播节目。分析句子结构可知，句中的It为形式主语，真正的主语是设空处引导的主语从句，从句句意完整且不缺成分，故填that。
10.It __________ （know） to us that he is one of the most famous football players in the world.
is known
解析 句意为:众所周知，他是世界上最著名的足球运动员之一。it is known that… 为固定句型，意为“众所周知……”，其中it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句作真正的主语，故填is known。
[重庆2023高三月考] &31& 体裁：记叙文 &32& 题材：医疗 &33& 词数：231 &34& 难度：&35& &36& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
It is a 1. . （move） story between Zhong Jing, a doctor, and the villagers in Longhe
Village, Longchang Town, Guizhou Province.
Before Zhong's arrival, there was no clinic （诊所） in the village.If villagers had to see 2. .
doctor when they suffered from serious health problems, they had no 3. . （choose） but to go to
the hospital in town which is more than four 4. . （hour） walk away.Since Zhong set up the
only small clinic there with all her life savings at the time, things have changed.
With her excellent medical skill and selfless devotion for a long time, she 5. . （final） won
the locals' heart.She often makes calls to some with diseases such as high blood pressure.“I need to
remind them 6. . （come） to have their blood pressure and blood sugar tested,” she says.If
they can't make it, Zhong will visit them.During the period of fighting against COVID-19, Zhong
7. . （make） more house calls to her patients so that they needn't move around.
moving
a
choice
hours'
finally
to come
made
Thanks to the guidance of Zhong, the local villagers increasingly develop a 8. . （strong）
health awareness than before.The number of patients 9. . visit the clinic has been becoming less
in recent years.Zhong says, “I'm glad that I'm not the only doctor in the village now.It feels great to be
of some help and be trusted 10. . them.”
stronger
who/that
by
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了钟晶在贵州省龙场镇龙河村为村民提供医疗服务的故事。
1.________
moving
解析 句意为：这是一个发生在医生钟晶和贵州省龙场镇龙河村村民之间的感人故事。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，修饰后面的名词story，应填形容词。根据句意可知，此处表示“令人感动的”，应用形容词moving。
2.___
a
解析 句意为：如果村民因为有严重的健康问题必须去看医生，他们别无选择，只能去镇上的医院，步行去那里需要4个多小时。此处为固定短语see a doctor，意为“看医生;就诊”。故填a。
3._______
choice
解析 句意见上一题解析。have no choice but to do sth为固定搭配，意为“别无选择只能做某事”。故填choice。
4._______
hours'
解析 句意见第2题解析。根据句意可知，此处表示“步行四个多小时”，应用“数词+复数名词所有格+被修饰名词”结构，故填hours'。
5._______
finally
解析 句意为：长期以来，凭借精湛的医术和无私的奉献，她终于赢得了当地人的信任。设空处在句中修饰谓语动词won，应用副词finally，意为“终于;最终”。
6._________
to come
解析 句意为：“我要提醒他们来测血压和血糖含量。”她说道。根据句意可知，此处表示“提醒某人做某事”，常用固定短语remind sb to do sth。故填to come。
7.______
made
解析 句意为：在抗击新冠病毒期间，钟晶为她的病人提供了更多的上门服务，这样他们就不用四处走动了。结合时间状语During the period of fighting against COVID-19可知，此处表示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。故填made。
8.________
stronger
解析 句意为：在钟晶的指导下，当地村民的健康意识比以前强了。根据后面的than before可知，此处是在把现在的情况与过去作对比，应用形容词的比较级。故填stronger。
9._________
who/that
解析 句意为：近年来，来这家诊所看病的病人越来越少。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中引导定语从句，修饰前面的名词patients，从句中缺少主语，先行词patients表示人，应用who或that引导该从句。故填who或that。
10.____
by
解析 句意为：能帮到他们并获得他们的信任使我感觉很好。分析句子结构可知，此处表示“被他们信任”，由介词by引出动作的发出者。故填by。
[山东泰安2023高二期中] A
&37& 体裁：记叙文 &38& 题材：个人经历 &39& 词数：251 &40& 难度：&41& &42& 建议用时：7分钟
Some years ago I was offered a writing task that would require three months of travel through Europe.I had been abroad a couple of times, but I could hardly claim to know my way around the continent （大陆）.Moreover, my knowledge of foreign languages was limited to a little college French.
I hesitated.How would I, unable to speak the language, totally unfamiliar with local geography or transportation systems, set up interviews and do research It seemed impossible, and with much regret I sat down to write a letter begging off.Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: You can't learn if you don't try.So I accepted the assignment.
There were some bad moments.But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveller.And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote places, without guides or even advance bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.The point is that something new and different, is almost always by definition （必然） scary.But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning gathers, the world opens to you.
I've learnt to ski at 40, and flown up the Rhine River in a balloon.And I know I'll go on doing such things.It's not because I'm braver or more daring than others.I'm not.But I'll accept anxiety as another name for challenge and I believe I can achieve wonders.
【语篇导读】作者几年前接到一项写作任务，需要在欧洲旅行三个月，但是作者不会说当地的语言，又完全不熟悉当地的地理和交通系统，权衡再三，作者还是因为想要从中学到东西，接受了这项任务。虽然旅途十分辛苦，但是作者变得比以往更加自信，并认识到每一次尝试都是在学习和积累新的知识。
1.Why did the author accept the writing task ( )
D
A.He had never travelled abroad before.
B.He hardly knew any foreign languages.
C.He was familiar with any other country in Europe.
D.He would learn something new and different by trying.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Halfway through, a thought ran through my mind: You can't learn if you don't try.So I accepted the assignment.和第三段中的something new and different可知，作者接受了这项任务，因为他想要通过尝试学到一些新的、不同的东西。故选D项。
2.What can we learn about the author from the text ( )
C
A.He used to be a wonder. B.He thought little of travelling.
C.He's ready to face any challenge. D.He's easy to be defeated.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的There were some bad moments.But by the time I had finished the trip I was an experienced traveller.And ever since, I have never hesitated to head for even the most remote places, without guides or even advance bookings, confident that somehow I will manage.可知，作者在这次旅行中经历了一些糟糕的时刻，但是也变得更加自信，敢于前往任何地方，甚至是最偏远的地方，由此推断作者准备好了面对任何挑战。故选C项。
3.What does Paragraph 3 mainly tell us ( )
A
A.What the author got from the travel through Europe.
B.How the author experienced the bad moments.
C.Why the author hesitated to accept the task. D.How the author managed to reach the remote place.
解析 主旨大意题。第三段中的But是关键词，But后讲的都是作者这次欧洲之行的收获。故选A项。
4.Which of the following best describes the author's experience ( )
B
A.Every garden has its weeds. B.Life is about learning to dance in the rain.
C.Hope for the best and prepare for the worst. D.All that glitters is not gold.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的The point is that something new and different, is almost… scary.But each time you try something, you learn, and as the learning gathers, the world opens to you.可知，虽然尝试新事物会令人害怕，但作者的旅途经历也让他变得自信，并学到了新知识，故可推知，作者的经历可以被描述为“生活就是要学会在雨中起舞”。故选B项。
词汇加油站
进阶词汇
beg off 推辞（已答应做的事）；反悔；恳求免除（义务、约束等）
[湖北荆门一中2022高二月考] B
&43& 体裁：议论文 &44& 题材：社会生活 &45& 词数：337 &46& 难度：&47& &48& 建议用时：8分钟
Moving to a foreign country is an amazing, life-changing experience.It's an opportunity to meet new people, make yourself completely involved in a different culture and possibly learn another language.However, before embarking on such an adventure, there are some practical decisions that need to be made.One such decision is choosing where to live.
For me, living with a French family was the best choice I had made, and here is why.
Firstly, a family can show you around the city or town and help you settle in, stopping you from feeling lonely.When you're in a new environment with people you don't know and who are speaking a
language you're still not fluent in, you might feel lost, tired and homesick—I know I did.However, my host family were wonderful and welcoming; they showed me which buses to take to get to work and cooked dinner for me so we could eat together, and took me with them on trips to the beach, the theatre and even a bullfight.These were great opportunities to experience French culture and build relationships, which in turn helped me feel more comfortable and welcome.
Moreover, living with French people has been brilliant for helping me improve my language skills.Being constantly exposed to authentic French conversation has allowed me to learn new phrases, widen my vocabulary and even improve my accent.My host family are happy to answer my questions and correct me when I say things wrong, which makes me a better and more confident French speaker.
Finally, the experience of living abroad is one that you will remember forever, and perhaps the friendships—like the memories—will also last.Your host family might become your friends for life.You might return for their birthdays, weddings, holidays, and much more.I hope to remain in contact with my host family long after I leave France because when I was away from my friends and loved ones, they welcomed me and made me part of their family.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者结合自己住在寄宿家庭的经历论述了在国外生活住在寄宿家庭的好处。
1.What does the underlined phrase “embarking on” in Paragraph 1 refer to ( )
B
A.Remarking on. B.Setting about. C.Depending on. D.Putting forward.
解析 词义猜测题。由上文Moving to a foreign country is an amazing… make yourself completely involved in a different culture and possibly learn another language.可知，在国外生活是一种令人惊奇的、改变生活的经历，是一个认识新朋友、完全融入不同的文化并且可以学习另一种语言的机会。由转折词However以及下文such an adventure可推断此处表示：在开始进行这样的冒险之前，需要作一些实用的决定。由此可知该短语的意思是“开始”，与B项意义相近。故选B。
2.Where did the writer choose to live when moving to a foreign country ( )
C
A.In a dormitory. B.In his own apartment. C.In a host family. D.In his friend's house.
解析 细节理解题。由第二段For me, living with a French family was the best choice I had made, and here is why.可知，作者在国外生活时选择住在寄宿家庭里。故选C。
3.What is the advantage of living with French people according to the writer ( )
A
A.Improving French skills. B.Feeling at home.
C.Making friends from different countries. D.Introducing English culture to the French.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Moreover, living with French people has been brilliant for helping me improve my language skills.可知，与法国人住在一起有助于提高自己的法语技能。故选A。
4.How does the writer develop the passage ( )
D
A.By making comparisons. B.By following the order of time.
C.By following the order of importance. D.By listing detailed reasons.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段For me, living with a French family was the best choice I had made, and here is why.和下文Firstly…；Moreover…；Finally… 可推断，作者是通过列举详细的理由展开论述的。故选D。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.involve vt.（使）参加；包含；涉及；影响
2.stop sb （from） doing sth 阻止某人做某事
3.homesick adj.想家的；思乡的
4.in turn 转而；相应地；依次
5.brilliant adj.极好的；极妙的；明亮的；鲜艳的；杰出的
6.expose vt.使接触；使体验；显露；使暴露于（险境）
词缀拓展-
en suffix （构成动词）使；使成为；变得
widen vt.& vi.（使）扩大；（使）变宽；加宽；拓宽
[山东青岛四区市2022高二期中] &49& 体裁：记叙文 &50& 题材：个人成长 &51& 词数：242 &52& 难度：&53& &54& 建议用时：12分钟
What's the difference between having the dream and living the dream
Wanda Smith always wanted to be a school teacher but sometimes meeting life's demanding realities can mean a dream. .1. ..A mother of three, Wanda also cared for her mum.Directly shouldering her family . .2. ., she took jobs as school bus monitor and caretaker for Brenham Independent School District in Texas.
The hours were difficult and . .3. ., but rather than let her dream die, she added night classes to her . .4. ..Nine years on, she finally graduated with a bachelor's degree from Sam Houston State University.She was a（n） . .5. . teacher at last.Wanda's story concluded with a successful . .6. . when she was hired as a first-grade . .7. . back at Brenham Elementary School.“When I stand in front of my classroom—my classroom—I am . .8. . my dream,” Wanda said.
During the pandemic, as some of her students struggled to meet the demands of . .9. . education, Wanda stepped up to the . .10. ..Noting that many of the kids she teaches come from single-parent families, she began . .11. . packets of schoolwork to them at home.It's no wonder Wanda's students . .12. . her.In a special surprise ceremony, they shouted their praise for her.
Wanda's life is an example as well as an. .13. ..By always trying to be the best she could be, with heart and . .14. . she graduated from cleaning classrooms to leading classrooms—and that . .15. . puts her on our honour roll.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了万达·史密斯通过坚持和努力，克服重重困难，最终实现自己的梦想，成为一名优秀教师的励志故事。
1.( )A.realised B.delayed C.formed D.lost
B
解析 句意为：万达·史密斯一直想成为一名教师，但有时满足严峻的生活现实可能意味着梦想被推迟。根据下文中的A mother of three, Wanda also cared for her mum.可知，万达要照顾三个孩子，还要照顾自己的母亲，所以她的梦想被迫推迟。故选B。
2.( )A.balance B.expenses C.responsibilities D.loan
C
解析 句意为：她直接承担起了家庭责任，在得克萨斯州的布雷纳姆独立学区担任校车监督员和照看人。根据上文中的A mother of three, Wanda also cared for her mum.可知，万达要承担家庭责任。故选C。shoulder the responsibility为固定搭配，意为“承担责任”；expenses意为“花费”。
3.( )A.tiring B.exciting C.long D.valuable
A
解析 句意为：这段时间很艰难，也很辛苦，但她没有让梦想破灭，而是把夜校课程加入了自己的日程安排。根据上文语境和空前的and可知，设空处应是和difficult感彩一致的词，故选A。
4.( )A.job B.schedule C.story D.graduation
B
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据下文中的Nine years on, she finally graduated with a bachelor's degree from Sam Houston State University.可知，虽然现实生活让万达十分劳累，但她还是为自己规划了夜校学习。此处表示“将夜校课程加入了自己的日程安排”。
5.( )A.part-time B.good C.certificated D.ordinary
C
解析 句意为：她终于成为一名有执业资格的教师了。根据上文中的Nine years on, she finally graduated with a bachelor's degree from Sam Houston State University.可知，她从大学毕业后成了一名有执业资格的（certificated）教师。故选C。
6.( )A.plot B.character C.theme D.ending
D
解析 句意为：在万达被聘为布雷纳姆小学一年级的老师后，她的故事以一个成功的结局收尾。根据下文内容可知，万达·史密斯最终实现了梦想，成为一名老师。ending意为“结局”。故选D。
7.( )A.monitor B.caretaker C.student D.teacher
D
解析 根据下文中的When I stand in front of my classroom可知，万达成了老师。
8.( )A.living B.having C.breaking D.dreaming
A
解析 根据上文内容可知，万达的梦想就是当老师，而此时她成了一名真正的老师，由此可知，此处指她实现了自己的梦想。故选A。
9.( )A.experimental B.remote C.English D.direct
B
解析 句意为：疫情期间，当她的一些学生难以满足远程教育的要求时，史密斯挺身而出迎接挑战。根据上文中的During the pandemic, as some of her students struggled to meet the demands of可知，疫情期间，需要进行远程（remote）教育。故选B。
10.( )A.lesson B.stage C.challenge D.work
C
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据下文提到万达给学生送作业可知，她站了出来迎接这一挑战。故选C。
11.( )A.showing B.describing C.selling D.delivering
D
解析 句意为：注意到她教的很多孩子都来自单亲家庭，她开始将一包包的作业递送到他们家里。根据设空处后的packets of schoolwork to them at home可知，此处指万达给学生递送作业。故选D。
12.( )A.adore B.hate C.annoy D.touch
A
解析 句意为：难怪万达的学生们都敬慕她。根据下文中的In a special surprise ceremony, they shouted their praise for her.可知，学生们都很敬慕万达。
13.( )A.occasion B.inspiration C.occupation D.exception
B
解析 句意为：万达的一生是一个榜样，也是一种鼓舞。根据下文中的she graduated from cleaning classrooms to leading classrooms可知，万达实现梦想的故事也是一种对他人的鼓舞。故选B。
14.( )A.skill B.favour C.devotion D.thought
C
解析 句意为：凭着爱心和奉献精神，她一直努力做到最好，从打扫教室（的清洁人员）逐步过渡到（一名教师）领导整个班级，这无疑会使她登上我们的荣誉榜。根据上文中的By always trying to be the best she could be, with heart and并结合上文提到万达对学生的付出可知，万达有爱心和奉献精神。故选C。
15.( )A.sincerely B.accidentally C.especially D.certainly
D
解析 句意见上一题解析。万达拥有爱心和奉献精神，这使她登上荣誉榜成为必然的事。故选D。
03
单元限时小卷
建议用时：59分钟
[广东实验中学2022模拟] A
&55& 体裁：说明文 &56& 题材：太空探索 &57& 词数：349 &58& 难度：&59& &60& 建议用时：8分钟
Like a phoenix （凤凰）, some stars may burst into life covered in “ash”, rising from the remains of stars that had previously passed on.
Two fireballs covered in carbon and oxygen, ashy byproducts of helium fusion （氦聚变）, belong to a new class of stars, researchers report in the March Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters.Though these burning objects are not the first stars found covered in carbon and oxygen, they are the first discovered to have helium-burning cores.
“That merger （合并） tells you the star must have evolved differently,” says study author Nicole Reindl.
“The stars may have formed from the merger of two white dwarfs （白矮星）, the remaining hearts of stars that exhausted their fuel,” Reindl further explains.One of the two was rich in helium,
while the other contained lots of carbon and oxygen.These two white dwarfs had already been orbiting one another, but gradually drew together.Eventually the helium-rich white dwarf “ate” its partner, leaving carbon and oxygen all over its surface, just as a messy child might get food all over their face.
“Such a merger would have produced a star covered in carbon and oxygen to burn nuclear fusion in its core again,” says Tiara Battich, a German astrophysicist.
To test this idea, Battich copied the evolution, death and eventual merger of two stars on his computer and simulated （模拟） the process.He found that putting together a carbon-and-oxygen-rich white dwarf and a more massive helium one could explain the compositions of the two stars observed by Reindl and her colleagues.
“But this should happen very rarely,” Battich says.In most cases the opposite should occur, because carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones.For the rarer case to occur, two stars slightly more massive than the sun must have formed at just the right distance and the right time.
“The origin story Battich proposes demands a very specific and unusual set of circumstances,” says Simon Blouin, a Canadian astrophysicist.“But in the end, it makes sense.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了研究人员在三月的《皇家天文学会月报》上报道，两个新发现的火球被氦聚变产生的碳和氧所覆盖，它们属于一类新的恒星。这一发现引发了一系列关于恒星合并方式的思考与讨论。
1.What's the newest discovery of the two stars ( )
B
A.They produce a mass of helium ash. B.They possess helium-burning cores.
C.They are covered in carbon and oxygen. D.They make an oxygen atmosphere for life.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第二段内容，尤其是第二段最后一句中的they are the first discovered to have helium-burning cores可知，关于这两颗恒星的最新发现是它们拥有氦元素聚变内核。故选B项。
2.How did Battich prove his assumption of the merger ( )
C
A.By co-working with Reindl's team. B.By making astronomic observations.
C.By building models on his computer. D.By testing the two stars' compositions.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第三段中的To test this idea, Battich copied the evolution, death and eventual merger of two stars on his computer and simulated the process.可知，巴蒂奇是通过在电脑上构建模型，模拟两颗恒星演化、死亡和最终合并的过程来证明他的猜想的。故选C项。
3.What does the underlined phrase “the opposite” mean ( )
A
A.The carbon-oxygen white dwarf “ate” the helium one.
B.The helium white dwarf “ate” the carbon-oxygen one.
C.Helium white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones.
D.Carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones.
解析 词义猜测题。根据文章第四段中的Eventually the helium-rich white dwarf “ate” its partner, leaving carbon and oxygen all over its surface, just as a messy child might get food all over their face.可知，富含氦的白矮星“吃掉”了它的同伴，使其表面到处都是碳和氧；根据倒数第二段中的But this should happen very rarely和In most cases the opposite should occur, because carbon-oxygen white dwarfs are usually the more massive ones.可知，在大多数情况下，相反的情况会发生，因为含碳和氧的白矮星通常更大，会吞掉含氦的白矮星。故选A项。
4.What's the main idea of the text ( )
D
A.The formation of stars makes sense. B.The burning of stars brings them to life.
C.Stars inspire scientists to reflect on the universe. D.Star mergers can unfold in more than one way.
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章第二段第一句和倒数第二段内容并结合全文可知，本文主要是在探讨恒星合并的不同方式。由此可知，D项（恒星合并可以以多种方式展开）最能概括文章大意。故选D项。
B
&61& 体裁：议论文 &62& 题材：环境与自然 &63& 词数：356 &64& 难度：&65& &66& 建议用时：8分钟
If you are worried about the planet, please make sure your rubbish is buried underground.
People talk about “reduce, reuse, and recycle”. It sounds like a good idea.There is a problem, though.Recycling costs too much money.
Even the US Environmental Protection Agency （EPA） says it only makes sense economically and environmentally to recycle about 35% of waste materials.Among those materials are paper and aluminum cans.Recycling 1 ton of paper or aluminum cans, the agency says, can save about 3 tons of CO2 emissions （排放物） over producing those materials anew.Paper producers pay for the trees they process.If it were cost-effective to recycle paper, producers would be beating down your door to buy it.But it isn't.That means it's more expensive to recycle old paper than to cut trees and then replant trees for processing.
Plastic can be recycled too.Given the recent drop in crude oil （原油） prices, it is now cheaper to make a new plastic container than to recycle an old one.Even if that is not true, the EPA says that recycling a ton of plastic saves only about a ton of CO2 emissions.However, it doesn't take into account the water most consumers use to wash their plastic containers before having them recycled.The New York Times journalist John Tierney recently wrote, “If you wash plastic in water that was heated by electricity, then the effort of your recycling could be more carbon in the atmosphere.”
Glass is another recyclable material.To reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 1 ton you have to recycle 3 tons of glass.If one includes the cost of collecting glass waste from neighbourhoods, and the pollution produced by the collection trucks and the recycling process itself, glass recycling creates more greenhouse gas emissions and is more expensive than making new glass, which comes primarily from sand that exists everywhere.
If recycling were truly cost-effective, private companies would be lining up on your doorstep to buy your rubbish.Don't look now because they're not there.
【语篇导读】本文为一篇议论文。作者就垃圾的回收利用提出了自己的观点:回收利用听起来很好，但回收过程的成本较高，回收费用高昂。
1.What's the EPA's attitude to recycling aluminum cans ( )
A
A.It is helpful to the environment. B.It is actually a waste of money.
C.It costs less than recycling paper. D.It costs the same as producing new cans.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的Recycling 1 ton of paper or aluminum cans, the agency says, can save about 3 tons of CO2 emissions over producing those materials anew.可知，美国国家环境保护局认为，与制造新的铝罐相比，回收利用铝罐可以减少二氧化碳的排放，所以美国国家环境保护局认为回收利用铝罐对环境是有帮助的。故选A项。
2.What increases the cost of recycling plastic ( )
C
A.The crude oil. B.The water pollution.
C.The process of cleaning it. D.The electricity for lights.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的However, it doesn't take into account the water most consumers use to wash their plastic containers before having them recycled.和最后一句可知，如果把清洗塑料容器的过程考虑在内，回收塑料的成本就会增加。故选C项。
3.What can be learnt about making new glass ( )
B
A.It results in lots of waste in neighbourhoods.
B.The material for new glass can be easily got.
C.It is slightly more expensive than recycling glass.
D.Making 3 tons of new glass produces 1 ton of CO2 emissions.
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的… glass recycling creates more greenhouse gas emissions and is more expensive than making new glass, which comes primarily from sand that exists everywhere.可知，制造新玻璃的材料（主要是沙子）到处都是，很容易获得。故选B项。
4.What does the author mean by saying the underlined sentence ( )
D
A.Recycling will disappear soon. B.Companies will line up on your doorstep.
C.Recycling is a way to deal with your rubbish. D.Companies won't bother to collect waste materials.
解析 推理判断题。根据全文讲的回收物品成本较高以及最后一段可知，作者认为如果回收物品真的可以节约成本，私人企业一定会在你家门口排队购买你的垃圾，画线句意为“别四处看了，因为他们没在门口”。作者是用了戏谑的方式，再次强调自己的观点：回收利用旧物的成本太高，企业不会费心收集废弃材料。故选D项。
【方法总结】
通过习语深度理解文章含义
阅读理解中作者有时会通过使用习语、俗语或一语双关来表达观点，猜测此类表达的意思时不能只从字面去理解，一定要先理解文章及段落大意，进行合理的推断，进而选出最佳选项。如本篇阅读中的第4题，先要理解本文大意及作者的观点，从而理解画线句子的含义。
[江苏南京2023高二期中] &67& 体裁：说明文 &68& 题材：学习的意义 &69& 词数：280 &70& 难度：&71& &72& 建议用时：8分钟
Variety makes things fresh and interesting; it keeps your brain sharp and your body alive—part of
the reason why we feel refreshed after a holiday is the break from routine.1. . So doing things
differently might take a bit of effort at first, but you'll soon feel the benefits.Whether it's learning a skill,
or visiting somewhere new, these all require different ways of thinking.
“Lifelong learning requires us to have a growth mindset, to upsize our knowledge of the world,”
says Susan Sanders, a health coach.“2. . It's the learning that makes the difference, firing up our
curiosity and engaging our minds.”
Many people decide that the best way to keep their minds feeling younger is to really change their
life and train for a new career.“As humans, we are meant to grow, stretch, and expand,” says Francesca
Kastelanides, founder and director of Beam Academy.“3. . Although it will most likely be challenging
at times, if your reason is strong enough, you will always gain the benefits.”
A
C
E
4. . “When starting a new journey, ask yourself what you hope to gain, why you want to make this
move, and what you expect to get out of it in the end.”
Learning something new will not only improve your skill set but it will boost your well-being.From
a physical point of view, when you exercise your brain, the mind reshapes itself, because the physical
brain can grow and change.But, mentally, a new skill also provides you with motivation and increases
your confidence.5. . And, of course, learning will open new opportunities in life that will boost your
happiness.And who doesn't want to be happier
G
D
A.We're naturally creatures of habit.
B.But learning to grow is no easy task.
C.And it doesn't matter what we learn.
D.Thus you can overcome any fears and anxieties you have.
E.Learning a new skill or retraining for a different career can only be positive.
F.To have the desired result, you should make some preparations in the first place.
G.She explains that the most important thing is to make use of your central motivation.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了学习的意义，学习不光能改变思维模式，使我们受益，还可以提升幸福感。
1.___
A
解析 上文提到了关键词routine，即我们过着常规的生活；下文提出用不同的方式做事情可能需要一些努力，这里“不同的方式”指的是与上文的routine不同的方式，所以设空处应该选择带有与routine近义或同义的选项。A项（我们天生是墨守成规的人）符合文意，故选A项。
2.___
C
解析 上文提出要终身学习，下文强调了学习本身的重要性。C项（我们学什么并不重要）承上启下，既谈到了学习，又对下文“学习本身起作用”进行了强调。故选C项。
3.___
E
解析 上文提到关键词train和career，下文Although it will most likely be challenging at times提到这种改变可能会比较难，故设空处应承上启下，需要提到“职业” “培训”及其带来的情感价值。E项（学习一项新技能或为不同的职业接受再培训只有积极的好处）符合文意。故选E项。
4.___
G
解析 下文是一个人说的话，指出了大家在做每件事情之前需要问自己的问题；而上文强调，做事情之前一定要有足够充分的理由，所以设空处需要谈到做事的动机。G项（她解释说，最重要的是利用你的核心动机）出现了说话人She并引出下文的直接引语，符合文意。故选G项。
5.___
D
解析 上文But, mentally, a new skill also provides you with motivation and increases your confidence.和下文And, of course, learning will open new opportunities in life that will boost your happiness.都提到了学习新技能对情绪的改善，即提高自信和幸福感，所以设空处也应该表达学习对情绪的改善。D项（因此你可以克服你有的任何恐惧和焦虑）符合文意。
&73& 体裁：说明文 &74& 题材：社会文化 &75& 词数：281 &76& 难度：&77& &78& 建议用时：13分钟
We love letters.Just as John Donne, a poet, . .1. . it, “Letters, to me and my friends mean more than greetings; they get souls together.Thanks to letters, friends who are . .2. . speak.” He wrote these words nearly 400 years ago.Today, in the age of instant text messages, social media, and e-mail, they still ring truer than ever, because writing or receiving a letter has become such a . .3. . event.
A UK-wide survey undertaken by The Sunday Times suggests that one in four of us has not . .4. . a letter for at least 10 years.That's ten years without the bittersweet . .5. . of pacing the floor waiting for the . .6. .； ten years without recognising the handwriting on the envelope and eagerly . .7. . the envelope to read its contents.
We may not get them any more, but we still love handwritten letters.In the same survey, one third of British people interviewed say that they . .8. . the contents of sentimental （充满柔情的） letters.Shouldn't we make . .9. . to give our friends and family something they will treasure forever Ann Bickley went online and offered to send a handwritten letter to anyone who . .10. . her.Her website
received 50,000. .11. . in its first three months.Five years later, she is still the main . .12. . behind and has personally written 4,000 letters offering hope and . .13. . to strangers.
The thought behind a letter . .14. . as much as its contents.“I never tell anyone that everything is going to be OK,” Ann Bickley says.“I am letting someone know that there is someone in the world who . .15. . them.”
Who wouldn't love to receive a letter like that Let's get writing!
【语篇导读】在如今的信息时代，人们已经很少手写书信了，安·比克利仍然坚持给陌生人写信，给他们带去希望和安慰，她以这种方法让这些人知道世界上还有人关心他们。
1.( )A.made B.put C.helped D.managed
B
解析 空后是诗人约翰·多恩说的话，just as sb puts it意为“正如某人所说”，故选B项。
2.( )A.absent B.active C.amused D.admirable
A
解析 根据常识可知，信能让我们和见不到面的朋友说话，absent意为“不在场的”，此处用absent表示“见不到面的”。
3.( )A.popular B.common C.rare D.simple
C
解析 根据下文中的A UK-wide survey undertaken by The Sunday Times suggests that one in four of us has not _____ a letter for at least 10 years.可知，由于即时短信、社交媒体和电子邮件的广泛应用，人们很少写信了，因此写信和收信已经成了一件稀罕事。rare意为“罕见的”，符合语境。popular意为“受欢迎的”；common意为“常见的；普遍的”；simple意为“简单的”。
4.( )A.received B.sent C.written D.rejected
A
解析 空后的That's ten years without the bittersweet _____ of pacing the floor waiting for the ______描述的是等着收信的情景，可见此处是表达调查显示英国四分之一的人至少十年都没有收到过信。receive意为“收到”，符合语境。
5.( )A.success B.pleasure C.concern D.calmness
B
解析 根据常识可知，收到来信的感觉是快乐的。pleasure意为“愉快；快乐”，符合语境。
6.( )A.engineer B.doctor C.police D.postman
D
解析 根据上下文语境可知，此处指等着收信，送信的应该是邮递员。postman意为“邮递员”，符合语境。
7.( )A.seizing B.tearing C.hiding D.carrying
B
解析 根据空后的to read its contents可知，撕开信封才能读到信的内容。tear意为“撕开”，符合语境。
8.( )A.forget B.change C.remember D.notice
C
解析 根据上文中的but we still love handwritten letters可知，我们仍然喜欢手写的信，所以仍然会记得那些感情真挚的信的内容，此处与下文中的something they will treasure forever相呼应。remember意为“记得”，符合语境。
9.( )A.money B.room C.history D.time
D
解析 根据上文语境可知，这里是提议给朋友和家人写信，写信花费的是时间（time），make time to do sth意为“腾出时间做某事”。
10.( )A.contacted B.interviewed C.consulted D.admired
A
解析 根据下文中的Her website received 50,000 _____ in its first three months.可知，安·比克利是写信给与她联系的人。contact意为“联系；联络”，符合语境。
11.( )A.guests B.visitors C.friends D.partners
B
解析 去比克利的网站的人应该是访客，故visitors符合语境。
12.( )A.force B.strength C.source D.energy
A
解析 根据空后的has personally written 4,000 letters offering hope and ______ to strangers可知，她已经亲自写了4，000封信，为陌生人带去希望。由此可见，她是该网站的主力。force意为“影响力大的人”，符合语境。
13.( )A.effort B.comfort C.surprise D.experience
B
解析 根据空前的hope可知，她写信给陌生人，给他们带去希望和安慰。comfort意为“安慰；宽慰”，符合语境。
14.( )A.earns B.judges C.matters D.learns
C
解析 根据上文的offering hope and ______ to strangers可知，信能给人带去希望。所以，此处是说一封信背后的想法和信的内容一样重要。matter在此为动词，意为“要紧”，符合语境。
15.( )A.looks after B.cares about C.struggles for D.agrees with
B
解析 安·比克利写信是为了让人们知道世界上还有人关心他们，被关心是大家想要的，这正是对下文中的Who wouldn't love to receive a letter like that 的解释。care about意为“关心；关怀”，符合语境。
[山西太原五中2023高二月考] &79& 体裁：说明文 &80& 题材：文化艺术 &81& 词数：229 &82& 难度：&83& &84& 建议用时：7分钟
Have you ever gone to a musical concert and experienced a physical reaction Music is not
1. .（simple） a collection and arrangement of notes interpreted by musicians.Musicians play music,
which always in turn 2. .（stimulate） the tiny hairs in our ears, and our brain hears the
message.Music impacts our mood, lifts our spirits, touches our hearts, and makes our feet tap to the beat.
It is known to us that artistic disciplines （学科） can support each other with 3. .
（inspire）.Understanding that music can produce so many strong emotional 4. .（response）
can help artists with their creative process.Music can be very 5. .（use）, guiding intentions such
as brush marks and colour choices.
When listening to music, we should consider the choice of music and how it reflects our artistic
intentions.I always begin my creative art process with the question “6. . are my intentions ” Then I
select music with high energy 7. .（help） me smile, move, and make expressive energetic
simply
stimulates
inspiration
responses
useful
What
to help
marks.There are also times when I need music to help me concentrate 8. . my painting, so I
choose soft music.For example, my realistic portraits require calm, thoughtful brushwork, and my go-to
music is classical, or Latin guitar.
I suggest you choose music that inspires the appropriate marks for your 9. .（expect）
outcome.Know your intentions, put the music on, 10. . let your paintbrush fly to communicate your
ideas in a visual dialogue.
on/upon
expected
and
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了音乐如何激发艺术家的绘画创作灵感。
1._______
simply
解析 句意为：音乐不仅仅是音乐家们演绎的音符的集合和排列。设空处修饰整个系表结构,应用副词。故填simply。
2.__________
stimulates
解析 此处为which引导的非限制性定语从句，设空处是从句的谓语动词，从句的主语which指代不可数名词music，从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式；此处描述客观事实，所以要用一般现在时。故填stimulates。
3.__________
inspiration
解析 句意为：众所周知，艺术学科之间可以相互启发灵感。设空处位于介词with后，应用名词作介词的宾语。inspire的名词形式是inspiration，此处表示“灵感”，为不可数名词。故填inspiration。
4.__________
responses
解析 句意为：了解音乐可以产生如此多强烈的情感反应对艺术家的创作过程是有帮助的。设空处前是形容词emotional，设空处应用名词；根据空前的many可知，设空处要用可数名词的复数形式。故填responses。
5._______
useful
解析 句意为：音乐是非常有用的，它可以引导人们的意图，比如（绘画的）笔迹和对颜色的选择。设空处作表语，前有副词very修饰，应用形容词。故填useful。
6.______
What
解析 引号里是特殊疑问句，设空处应填疑问词，由句意可知，此处表示“什么”。故填What。
7.________
to help
解析 句意为：然后我选择非常有活力的音乐来帮助我微笑、有所进展，并画出富有表现力的、充满活力的笔画。根据句子结构和句意可知，设空处应填动词不定式to help，此处为不定式短语作目的状语。故填to help。
8.________
on/upon
解析 句意为：有时我也需要音乐来帮助我集中精力画画，所以我选择轻音乐。concentrate on/upon为固定搭配，意为“集中精力于”。故填on/upon。
9._________
expected
解析 句意为：我建议你选择能激发切合你预期结果的笔画的音乐。设空处作定语，修饰名词outcome，应用形容词。故填expected，意为“预料的;预期的”。
10._____
and
解析 句意为：了解你的意图，播放音乐，挥动你的画笔，在视觉对话中传达你的想法。此处为三个并列的祈使句，设空处应用并列连词and。故填and。
[山东临沂2022高二期中] &85& 难度：&86& &87& 建议用时：15分钟
假设你校英文报开展了主题为“用英语讲好中国人的故事”的写作比赛，要求全体同学参加。请你以The Person I Admire为题介绍一位你敬佩的人，内容包括：
1.简要介绍其个人经历；
2.主要事迹或成就；
3.你的认识或感悟。
注意：1.词数80