外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 5 On the road Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas必刷题课件 (共86张PPT)

(共86张PPT)
选择性必修第二册
Unit 5 A delicate world
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.Among the best recognised but rarest animals in the world, giant pandas have come to symbolise
endangered wildlife and ____________ （conserve） efforts.
conservation
解析 句意为：作为世界上公认的最珍稀的动物之一，大熊猫已经成为濒危野生动物和保护工作的象征。此处表示“保护工作”，用名词作定语。故填conservation。
2.The participation in sports throughout the region has improved ____________ （dramatic） over the
past decade, with more than 997,000 people regularly taking part in physical exercise.
dramatically
解析 句意为：在过去十年中，整个地区的体育参与度有了显著提高，有超过99.7万人定期参加体育锻炼。设空处修饰谓语has improved，应用副词。故填dramatically。
3.The explorer didn't survive the __________ （explode）.
explosion
解析 句意为：探险者没能在爆炸中幸存下来。根据句意和设空处前的定冠词the可知，设空处应用名词作survive的宾语。故填explosion。
4.When first introduced ___ the market, these new products in their company enjoyed a great success.
to
解析 句意为：他们公司的这些新产品首次在市场上推出时就获得了巨大的成功。be introduced to the market为固定搭配，意为“在市场上推出”。故填to。
5.In spite of the fact that the number of the Tibetan antelopes is recovering, the government won't
intend to have it removed ______ the endangered list.
from
解析 句意为：尽管藏羚羊的数量正在恢复，但政府并不打算把它从濒危物种名单中删除。remove… from… 为固定搭配，意为“把……从……中移除”。故填from。
6.She made some risky investments and ___ consequence lost a lot of money.
in
解析 句意为：她做了一些冒险的投资，结果损失了很多钱。in consequence为固定短语，意为“因此；结果”。
7.With the popularity of smartphones, people gradually lose the appetite____ watching television, which
makes TV a decoration of the house.
for
解析 句意为：随着智能手机的普及，人们逐渐失去了对看电视的兴趣，这使得电视成了家里的装饰品。the appetite for意为“对……的兴趣/欲望”，为固定搭配。故填for。
8.The number of employees has already decreased ____ 20% after the manager laid some of them off.
by
解析 句意为：经理辞退他们其中一些人后，雇员人数已经降低了20%。decrease by… 意为“下降了……”，此处表示下降的程度，故填by。
【易混辨析】decrease （from…） to… 意为“（从……）下降到……”。如：The number of independent firms decreased from 198 to 96.独立公司的数量从198个减少到了96个。
9.Owing___ the heavy rain, the sports meeting was put off.
to
解析 句意为：由于大雨，运动会被推迟了。owing to 为固定搭配，意为“由于”。
10.Each space mission comes greater insight, thus __________ （motivate） us to continue along the
same path of adventure.
motivating
解析 句意为：每一次太空任务都带来了更深刻的见解，从而激励我们继续沿着同样的冒险之路前进。设空处作结果状语，应用非谓语形式，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填motivating。
根据提示补全句子。
1.最重要的是，除非压力失控，否则一定的压力是很重要的，因为它可以带来动力和挑战。
Above all, unless it _____ ____ ___ _______, a certain amount of stress is important as it provides
motivation and challenge.
gets
out
of
control
2.通过艺术，人们应该引导孩子们发现生命和自然的美，鼓励他们与自然和谐相处。
Through art, people should guide children to discover the beauty of life and nature and __________
______ ___ _____ ___ _________ _____ _______.
encourage
them
to
live
in
harmony
with
nature
解析 in harmony with为固定短语，意为“与……一致/协调”。
3.没有通过考试的毕业生将无法获得学士学位。
Graduates who ____ ___ _____ the tests will not get a bachelor's degree.
fail
to
pass
解析 fail to do sth意为“未能做某事”。
4.那是我一生中所遇到的最不可思议的事之一。（incident）
That was _____ ___ ____ _________ _________ in my life.
one
of
the
strangest
incidents
解析 “one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数”为常用结构，意为“最……的……之一”。
5.我们不能在图书馆发出噪声，也不可以在未经允许的情况下把书带出去。（nor）
We are not permitted to make noises in the library, ____ _____ ____ _____ books out without
permission.
nor
can
we
take
&1& 体裁：说明文 &2& 题材：环境与自然 &3& 词数：214 &4& 难度：&5& &6& 建议用时：8分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Macquarie Island used to be a 1. . （harmony） natural habitat with its native
inhabitants.In 1810, humans arrived on the island, together with rats and mice.Cats were brought 2. .
the island to get rid of the rats and mice.3. . （unexpected）, they also grew to be fond
of the birds.Rabbits were introduced to the island.They reproduced rapidly, eating native plants and
digging holes, 4. . caused soil erosion.The number of cats increased with the explosion of rabbit
population.In turn, 5. . （many） birds were hunted, eventually resulting 6. . the extinction of
parakeets.
In the 1970s, experts felt it necessary 7. . （remove） all the rabbits from the
island.Therefore, a virus was released onto the island to kill rabbits.But it also meant less food for cats,
which turned their attention back to birds.In the 1980s, traps and dogs 8. . （put） into use to
catch the cats.Thus the mice and rats started to increase.Meanwhile, there were still 10,000 or so rabbits
which developed immunity to the virus.
harmonious
to
Unexpectedly
which
more
in
to remove
were put
In 2006, a substantial number of penguins were killed in the collapse caused by rabbits'
digging.Consequently, a programme was launched, aimed at removing the last 9. . （remain）
invading species.In 2014, Macquarie Island was finally on the way to 10. . （recover）.
remaining
recovery
1.___________
harmonious
解析 设空处修饰名词habitat, 应用形容词。
2.___
to
解析 bring… to… 意为“把……带往……”，为固定搭配。
3._____________
Unexpectedly
解析 设空处在句中作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词。
4._______
which
解析 设空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整个主句，应用which引导。
5.______
more
解析 由前文讲的除了老鼠外，猫也开始捕食鸟类可知，猫的数量增加会导致更多的鸟被吃掉，因此用比较级形式。
6.___
in
解析 根据空后的the extinction可知，此处意为“导致”，故填in。
7.__________
to remove
解析 此处为“feel+it+adj.+不定式”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式短语为真正的宾语。
8._________
were put
解析 根据句中的时间状语In the 1980s可知，应用一般过去时；put与traps and dogs之间为被动关系，应用被动语态;主语为复数概念，谓语应用复数形式。
9.__________
remaining
解析 设空处修饰名词species，应用形容词，故填remaining。
10._________
recovery
解析 根据空前的介词to可知，设空处应用名词形式，be on the way to recovery意为“正在恢复”。
&7& 体裁：记叙文 &8& 题材：动物保护 &9& 词数：186 &10& 难度：&11& &12& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Li Chunru, 1. . retired doctor in his 70s in a village in East China's Jiangxi Province, has been
voluntarily taking care of wild birds at Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve for over 30 years, bringing
over 50,000 2. . （wound） wild birds out of danger.
Li Chunru woke up at 5 o'clock in the morning every day and patrolled （巡逻） along the lake
regularly, 3. . （protect） birds from any harmful human activities.Li is among a group of
volunteers 4. . came forward to protect the wild birds from illegal activities.His 5. .
（devote） to the bird protection started when one day a thunderstorm destroyed the birds' nests near
his house, 6. . （leave） the birds scattered around.Li was 7. . （deep） struck by the
scene and saved 310 out of the 370.
At first, Li's work was not understood by the 8. . （villager） including his family.But Li
never gave up.Instead, he kept convincing them with the knowledge of the law for environmental
protection.His efforts finally paid off—more and more people started to accept Li's faith and voluntarily
joined the team 9. . birds' protection.And the aim of stopping illegal activities around Poyang Lake
10. . （achieve） some time ago.
a
wounded
protecting
who/that
devotion
leaving
deeply
villagers
for
was achieved
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了居住在鄱阳湖畔的江西退休医生李春如多年来自愿照顾鄱阳湖自然保护区的候鸟，他使越来越多的人加入保护候鸟的活动中的故事。
1.___
a
解析 句意为：李春如，中国东部的江西省的一名70多岁的退休村医…… 根据语境可知，此处泛指“一名退休村医”，须用不定冠词，retired的发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
2._________
wounded
解析 设空处修饰wild birds，需要用形容词，wounded意为“受伤的”，符合语境。故填wounded。
3.__________
protecting
解析 句中已有谓语，此处作伴随状语。protect与其逻辑主语Li Chunru之间为主动关系。故填现在分词protecting。
4._________
who/that
解析 设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为volunteers，指人，从句中缺少主语，故用关系代词who或that引导该从句。
5._________
devotion
解析 设空处作主语，且空前有形容词性物主代词His修饰，需要用名词。故填devotion。
6.________
leaving
解析 句意为：有一天，一场雷雨破坏了他家附近的鸟巢，使得鸟儿们四处飞散，他便开始致力于鸟类保护工作。设空处为非谓语动词作结果状语，根据语境可知，鸟巢被毁，鸟儿四处飞散是意料之中的结果，故用现在分词。故填leaving。
7._______
deeply
解析 设空处修饰过去分词struck，需要用副词，表示“很深地；非常”。故填deeply。
8._________
villagers
解析 句意为：起初，李春如的工作并不被村民包括他的家人们所理解。根据语境可知，此处表达复数含义，应用名词复数形式。故填villagers。
9.____
for
解析 句意为：他的努力最终有了回报——越来越多的人开始接受李春如的信念，并且自发地加入保护鸟类的团队。根据语境可知，此处表示人们加入团队的目的，所以设空处需要用表目的的介词for，意为“为了”。故填for。
10._____________
was achieved
解析 根据时间状语some time ago可知，此处应用一般过去时；achieve与the aim of… 之间是被动关系，应用被动语态；主语的中心词aim是单数，谓语需要用第三人称单数形式。故填was achieved。
[河南南阳一中2022月考] A
&13& 体裁：议论文 &14& 题材：人与环境 &15& 词数：332 &16& 难度：&17& &18& 建议用时：7分钟
I had been living with Dino and his family, who lived and worked in the rainforest, for ten days or so.They were the “bad guys”, burning much of the western Amazon to turn it into cattle farms.They were also some of the nicest and warmest hosts.They are a family trying to survive in a very tough environment through hard work.Their view and understanding of the problems the Amazon faces are different from mine.I see the Amazon as an extraordinarily valuable life that should be treasured and protected at all costs—the world needs it, and we all need it.However, the Dinos see the Amazon as a vast, lasting resource that feeds them.After talking with them, I realised their respect for it was as deep as my own: They just saw it very differently.
Cattle farming in the Amazon is perhaps mainly responsible for the fires we are seeing now.It is an industry of cutting forest, burning it and turning it to cattle farms.Fires spread throughout the Amazon every year as a result of that practice.Putting cattle on the land means replacing trees with animals that produce damaging levels of greenhouse gases.This is just about the most stupid thing humans can do.
One morning after a fire, I returned to the land.I felt as though I had seen the blue smoke rise from those blackened tree trunks that remained upright, which are monuments to human stupidity.
The problems the Amazon faces are perhaps more complex now than ever before, but they are curable.We need to decide where and how we appoint and apply values based on sensible economic models that favour both the farmer and the forest.One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is a loosening of regulations by the current administration which has opened up more land for deforestation （毁林） and burning.This could be disastrous, both for the Amazon and the rest of the world.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇议论文。作者通过讲述自己进入亚马孙雨林与当地居民居住的经历，思考和探讨了亚马孙雨林亟待解决的问题。作者认为巴西政府应该采取更严厉的措施来解决亚马孙雨林面临的问题。
1.What does Paragraph 2 mainly talk about？( )
A
A.The consequences of cattle farming. B.The main cause of forest fires.
C.The causes of greenhouse gases. D.The importance of cattle farming.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的Fires spread throughout the Amazon every year as a result of that practice.Putting cattle on the land means replacing trees with animals that produce damaging levels of greenhouse gases.This is just about the most stupid thing humans can do.可知，由于这种做法，亚马孙雨林每年都会发生火灾。把牛放到土地上意味着用会产生有害温室气体的动物来代替树木。这大概是人类能做的最愚蠢的事情。由此可知，第二段主要讲述了养牛业给亚马孙雨林带来的后果。故选A项。
2.How did the author feel when returning to the land after a fire ( )
B
A.It helped the author recall his memory about the land.
B.It reminded us about our foolishness of destroying the land.
C.It's not surprising to see the land destroyed by the fire.
D.It's amazing to see the trees keep straight after the fire.
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的I felt as though I had seen the blue smoke rise from those blackened tree trunks that remained upright, which are monuments to human stupidity.可知，作者觉得好像看到了那些变黑的树干冒出的蓝烟，那些树干还挺立着，这是对人类愚蠢行为的见证。由此可知，作者在发生火灾后返回雨林，看到的景象提醒作者人类破坏土地的行为很愚蠢。故选B项。
3.What can we know according to the text ( )
A
A.The author and the Dinos respected the Amazon equally in different ways.
B.Cattle farming is not to blame for the fires happening in the Amazon.
C.The problems the Amazon faces are more complex and can't be solved.
D.The Dinos are considered to be bad for burning the forest to make a fortune.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的After talking with them, I realised their respect for it was as deep as my own: They just saw it very differently.可知，在和迪诺及其家人交谈之后，作者意识到他们对雨林的尊重和自己对雨林的尊重一样深：他们只是看问题的角度非常不同。由此可知，作者和迪诺一家以不同的方式同样尊重亚马孙雨林。故选A项。
4.What should the Brazilian government do to solve the Amazon problems？( )
C
A.Prevent the deeds of burning. B.Offer more land.
C.Take stricter measures. D.Appoint economic models.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段中的One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is a loosening of regulations by the current administration which has opened up more land for deforestation and burning.This could be disastrous, both for the Amazon and the rest of the world.可知，目前巴西亚马孙雨林面临的问题之一是现任政府放松了监管，这对亚马孙雨林和世界其他地区来说都是灾难性的。由此可知，巴西政府应该采取更严厉的措施来解决亚马孙雨林的问题。故选C项。
长难句分析
One of the issues facing the Brazilian Amazon now is {a looseningof regulations
主语 现在分词短语作后置定语 连系动词
by the current administration which has opened upmore land for deforestation and
定语从句,修饰aloosening of regulations
burning}表语.
句意：巴西亚马孙雨林目前面临的问题之一是现任政府放松了监管，使更多的土地遭受森林砍伐和焚烧。
[福建福州八县（市）协作校2022高二联考] B
&19& 体裁：说明文 &20& 题材：介绍说明 &21& 词数：351 &22& 难度：&23& &24& 建议用时：7分钟
Most city parks are places where you can escape from big, ugly structures of metal and stone.The High Line built in Manhattan is different.Raised 25 feet above the ground, this large metal structure once supported a rail line.The line opened in 1934 to bring trains directly into factories.It was hardly used after the 1960s, and much of it was torn down.However, one stretch remained in a region of Manhattan called Chelsea.Chelsea was becoming high-class as restaurants, art galleries and apartments were built, but the ugly railway structure remained as a dead weight.Everyone knew that at some time, it would have to be removed.
But the High Line was not destroyed.In fact, now the old rail line serves as one of the most peaceful places in the city.It holds an elevated park, with beautiful gardens and great views of the city.The idea of turning the rail line into a park came from Joshua David and Robert Hammond.In 1999,
they attended a meeting to decide how to deal with the High Line.David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the historical structure.Later on, when they asked railway officials to take them up to look at the High Line, they saw a mile and a half of wild flowers growing in the middle of the city, and they realised that the High Line had the potential to become a park.There was growing interest in improving city centres, and so the project quickly developed and funds for construction were easily collected.
The first section of the High Line opened in 2009 and immediately became popular with tourists and locals alike.Each part of the park has a different atmosphere.Some areas are like balconies with wonderful city views.Where the rail line goes between buildings, trees are thickly planted.Other sections have wide lawns and walkways with wild flowers.Only the final section remains the way it has been for the last fifty years—a railway line overgrown with weeds.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要向读者介绍位于曼哈顿的一座由废弃的铁路干线改造而成的城市公园——高线公园。
1.What does the underlined part “dead weight” in Paragraph 1 mean ( )
C
A.Something with historical interest. B.Something with potential to be better.
C.Something useless that slows progress. D.Something that is a danger to people.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线短语所在句Chelsea was becoming high-class as restaurants, art galleries and apartments were built, but the ugly railway structure remained as a dead weight.中的but可知，本句前后是转折关系。上文提到随着饭店、画廊和公寓的建成，切尔西变成了高等场所。那么，下文就应该与其相反，描述丑陋的铁路干线没有什么用了。由此可知，画线短语指“无用的、减慢进步速度的东西；累赘”。故选C项。
2.Why did David and Hammond originally want to save the High Line ( )
B
A.They wanted to reopen the train line. B.They thought it had historical value.
C.They were interested in improving the city. D.They thought it would become a good park.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的David and Hammond were the only people at the meeting interested in saving the historical structure.可知，戴维和哈蒙德要保留这条铁路的历史结构，所以他们最初支持保留这条铁路是因为他们认为其有历史研究价值。故选B项。
3.What can we learn about the High Line from the text ( )
A
A.Only part of the line remains. B.The railway companies still use the line.
C.It began to become popular in the 1960. D.It was designed by David and Hammond.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章最后一句中的Only the final section remains the way it has been for the last fifty years可知，铁路还有一部分保留了以前的样子。故选A项。
4.What is the text mainly about ( )
B
A.Closing a train line. B.An unlikely place for a park.
C.The protection of cultural relics. D.Improving city transport.
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章开头Most city parks are places where you can escape from big, ugly structures of metal and stone.The High Line built in Manhattan is different.及下文介绍可知，这篇文章主要介绍位于曼哈顿的一座城市公园，它原是一段废弃的高架铁路，这里本来并不是适合建造公园的地方，是一处意料之外的公园地点。故选B项。
&25& 体裁：说明文 &26& 题材：地理与历史 &27& 词数：253 &28& 难度：&29& &30& 建议用时：7分钟
Today, there are thousands of national parks all over the world.1. . In that year， the United
States government gave a large piece of land to the State of California. They ask the state to create a
special park to protect the mountains and forest in the area. The trees in this area are called sequoia
（红杉）.2. . They are the tallest living things in the world and are not found anywhere else on Earth.
Conservationists in other countries saw what happened in California and soon began to do the same.
Today Europe has over 350 national parks. The first one in France, Vanoise National Park, was created
in 1963 because the government wanted to stop a plan to build a large tourist project there.The idea of
creating a national park was first discussed in the 1940s, but people couldn't agree on what size to
make the park.3. . Ecologists worked with the government to finally agree on a plan that protected the
animals, while still allowing some tourism.
4. . Like the first California park， the Bavarian Forest National Park was created to protect
mountains and trees.It is the largest area of protected forest in Europe.The park has shelters where
visitors can spend a night close to nature.In some places high up in the mountains, there are steps cut
into the rock.5. . Thousands of tourists go to the park each year.They walk through the attractive
woods and enjoy the wonderful mountain views.
C
A
E
D
B
A.The biggest ones are over one hundred metres high.
B.This makes it easier for tourists to get to the top.
C.The world's first national park was started in 1864.
D.The first national park in Germany opened in 1970.
E.They also had different ideas on whether to put human or animal needs first.
F.The Giant Forest in Sequoia National Park is alive with mystery and wonder.
G.The humans feel very fortunate to be able to get so close to these beautiful national parks.
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了欧洲一些国家效仿美国建立国家森林公园的做法，建立了自己国家的国家森林公园。
1.___
C
解析 根据设空后一句In that year， the United States government gave a large piece of land to the State of California.可推知设空处要点明年份才能更好地衔接下文。D项也有年份，但说的是德国，不符合语境，故排除。故选C项。
2.___
A
解析 根据设空后一句They are the tallest living things in the world and are not found anywhere else on Earth.可知，设空处应是说明红杉多高。故选A项。
3.___
E
解析 设空前一句中的people couldn't agree on…与E项中的They also had different ideas on呼应，They指代people，设空后的protected the animals, while still allowing some tourism与E项中的whether to put human or animal needs相对应，符合语境，故选E项。
4.___
D
解析 根据设空后一句Like the first California park， the Bavarian Forest National Park was created to protect mountains and trees.可知，此处应是介绍一个新的公园。故选D项。
5.___
B
解析 根据空前In some places high up in the mountains， there are steps cut into the rock.可知，设空处应承接前句说明台阶的作用。故选B项。
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.____________ （compare） may make something appear more beautiful than it is when seen alone.
Comparison
解析 句意为：比较可能会使一些东西看起来比单独看的时候更美。设空处在句中作主语，应用名词形式。故填Comparison。
2.___________ （apparent）, consumers now look for not just the physical products but the shopping
experience.
Apparently
解析 句意为：显然，消费者现在不仅寻求有形的商品，更注重购物体验。设空处位于句首，作状语，修饰整个句子，应用副词形式。故填Apparently。
3.Office furniture should be ________ （visual） attractive as well as comfortable.
visually
解析 句意为：办公家具应该既美观又舒适。设空处修饰形容词attractive，应用副词。故填visually。
4.These birds could become ___________ （endanger） if the environment stays the same.
endangered
解析 句意为：如果环境还是这样，这些鸟类可能会濒临灭绝。设空处作表语，表示名词birds的状态，应用形容词，此处表示“濒临灭绝的”，故填endangered。
5.As a businessman, David is so busy that ______ （rare） does he have time for his family.
rarely
解析 句意为：作为一个商人，戴维太忙了以至于几乎没有时间顾家。由于does he have time 是部分倒装形式，所以前面要填一个有否定意义的副词，故填rarely。
6.The scientists are trying to explore the unknown and ___________ （mystery） underwater world.
mysterious
解析 句意为：科学家们正尽力探索这个未知而神秘的水下世界。设空处与unknown为并列关系，共同修饰名词短语underwater world，作定语，应用形容词形式。故填mysterious。
7.The country has constructed a large number of railways that suit _____________ （vary） special
climate environments, complex geological conditions and meet different transport needs.
various/varied
解析 句意为：国家建设了大量适应各种特殊气候环境、复杂地质条件并满足不同运输需求的铁路。设空处修饰名词climate environments，作定语，应用形容词形式。故填various/varied。
8.As the nickname suggests, these “forever chemicals” are a large group of substances which do not
break ______ in the environment.
down
解析 句意为：正如这个绰号所暗示的，这些“永久化学品”是一大类在环境中不会分解的物质。break down在此意为“（使）分解”，为固定搭配。故填down。
9.It's really a meaningful event and helps to make it possible for us human beings to coexist _____
nature harmoniously.
with
解析 句意为：这确实是一件有意义的事情，有助于人类与自然的和谐共处。coexist with为固定搭配，意为“与……共存”。故填with。
10.Emperor Qinshihuang united the seven major states into one unified country _______ the Chinese
writing system began to develop in one direction.
where
解析 句意为：秦始皇将七个主要国家合并为一个统一的国家，中国的文字系统开始朝着一个方向发展。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为one unified country，关系词在从句中作地点状语，故用where引导该从句。
根据提示补全句子。
1.他将代表全班同学在新年晚会上向老师们表示真诚的感谢。（behalf）
_____________ ____ _______ ________ ____ __________, he will express sincere gratitude to the
teachers at the New Year's Party.
On behalf of
the
whole
class/all
his
classmates
解析 on behalf of 为固定短语，意为“代表”。
2.文化遗址面临各种各样的危险，其中许多处亟需保护。（variety）
Cultural heritage sites are facing ___ _______ ___ ________ and many of them are in urgent need of
protection.
a
variety
of
dangers
3.在进步和对文化遗址的保护之间找到并保持适当的平衡是一个巨大的挑战。
It is ___ _________ _________ ___ _____ and keep the right balance between progress and the
protection of cultural sites.
a
big/great
challenge
to
find
4.更重要的是，我们应该多做运动，这可以让我们保持精力充沛。（主语从句）
______ ___ ______ ______ __________ is that we should do more exercise, which can keep us
energetic.
What
is
even
more
important
5.这款应用程序使得人们与他人保持联系更容易了。（it作形式宾语）
The app _______ ___ ______ ____ _______ ___ ______ in touch with others.
makes
it
easier
for
people
to
keep
解析 it作形式宾语，不定式短语为真正的宾语。
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.You can't take ___ for granted that your parents will prepare everything for you.
it
解析 句意为：你不能理所当然地认为父母会为你准备好一切。take it for granted为固定搭配，意为“认为……是理所当然”，其中it作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。故填it。
2.I want to make ___ clear that I will be always on your side.
it
解析 句意为：我想让你清楚一点：我会一直站在你这边。此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，设空处作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。故填it。
3.I think it an honour _____________ （invite） to your wedding.
to be invited
解析 句意为：我觉得受邀参加你们的婚礼是件荣幸的事。此处为“think+宾语+宾补”结构，it作形式宾语，不定式短语为真正的宾语；不定式与其逻辑主语I之间为被动关系，故用动词不定式的被动式。
4.I would appreciate it ___ you would let me know in advance whether you will be coming or not.
if
解析 I would appreciate it if… 意为“如果……我将不胜感激”。
5.We find it ___________ （challenge） but necessary to spread Chinese culture worldwide effectively.
challenging
解析 句意为：我们认为，有效地向世界传播中国文化很有挑战性但很有必要。此处为“find+it+adj.+to do sth”结构，it为形式宾语，设空处表示“富于挑战性的”，用形容词challenging作宾补。
6.We all thought it a pity _____ the conference was cancelled.
that
解析 句意为：会议取消了，我们都感到遗憾。it作形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。
7.Susan made ___ plain that she loves the game and wants to take part.
it
解析 句意为：苏珊明确表示，她热爱这项运动并想参与其中。it为形式宾语，that从句为真正的宾语。
8.We consider ___ important to save both water and electricity.
it
解析 句意为：我们认为节约水和电都很重要。
9.The theory would explain why, when we miss a night's sleep, we find it harder the next day
______________ （concentrate） and learn new information.
to concentrate
解析 句意为：这个理论将解释为什么当我们一夜没睡好时，我们发现第二天就更难集中精力学习新知识。本句中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为设空处及其后的内容，应用不定式作真正的宾语。故填to concentrate。
10.I think it a waste of time you _________ （spend） so much effort worrying about what hasn't
happened yet.
spending
解析 句意为：我认为你花这么多精力担心还没有发生的事情是浪费时间。此处为it作形式宾语，真正的宾语为a waste of time后的内容，根据空前的you可知，此处为动名词的复合结构作真正的宾语，故填spending。
[辽宁协作校2023高二期中联考] &31& 体裁：说明文 &32& 题材：动物保护 &33& 词数：202 &34& 难度：&35& &36& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Overfishing and climate change are pushing some of the 1. .（world） most iconic seabirds
to the brink （边缘） of extinction, according to a new report.
The study reveals that kittiwakes （三趾鸥） and gannets （塘鹅） 2. . （be） among a
number of seabirds that have now joined the red list of under-threat birds 3. . （draw） up by
the International Union for Conservation of Nature （IUCN）.
According to the study, birds are well studied and great indicators of the health of the wider
environment.A species 4. . higher risk of extinction is such a worrying alarm call 5. . action needs
to be taken now.
The study finds that in recent years overfishing and changes in the Pacific and North Atlantic
caused by climate change 6. .（affect） the availability of sand eels （沙鳗） which
world's
are
drawn
at
that
have affected
kittiwakes feed on during the breeding season.This has caused “disastrous chick survival rates”, it
says.7. . （global）, the species is thought to have declined by about 40% since the 1970s,
8. . （justify） its move from the “least concern” category to “vulnerable” on the Red List.
“The alarming decline of the seabirds, provides a 9. . （pain） lesson in what happens when
nations take 10. . ‘out of sight, out of mind' approach to conservation,” said Marguerite Tarzia,
European marine conservation officer for BirdLife International.
Globally
justifying
painful
an
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了过度捕捞鱼类和气候变化让海鸟的生存变得艰难，人们应该努力去保护它们。
1.________
world's
解析 句意为：根据一份新的报告，过度捕捞和气候变化正将世界上一些最具标志性的海鸟推向灭绝边缘。设空处修饰名词短语most iconic seabirds，两者之间为所属关系，应用名词所有格。故填world's。
2.____
are
解析 句意为：该研究显示，三趾鸥和塘鹅等许多海鸟已被列入世界自然保护联盟拟定的濒危鸟类红色名单。此处为介绍一般事实，应用一般现在时，且从句主语kittiwakes and gannets为复数，系动词应用复数形式。故填are。
3._______
drawn
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子结构可知，设空处在句中作定语，draw与the red list of under-threat birds之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作后置定语。故填drawn。
4.___
at
解析 句意为：一个物种面临更高的灭绝风险，这是一个如此令人担忧的警报以至于需要现在就采取行动。at risk of… 为固定搭配，意为“处于……危险中”。故填at。
5._____
that
解析 句意见上一题解析。由上文的such及句意可知，此处考查such… that… 固定句型，表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。
6._____________
have affected
解析 句意为：研究发现，近年来，过度捕捞以及气候变化导致的太平洋和北大西洋的变化影响了沙鳗的数量，三趾鸥在繁殖季节以沙鳗为食。设空处作that引导的宾语从句的谓语，由时间状语in recent years可知，从句应用现在完成时，从句主语overfishing and changes表示复数概念，从句谓语动词应用复数形式。故填have affected。
7._________
Globally
解析 句意为：在全球范围内，自20世纪70年代以来，该物种被认为已经减少了约40%，这证明了它从红色名录上的“无危”类别变为“易危”是合理的。设空处修饰整个句子，作状语，用副词。故填Globally。
8._________
justifying
解析 句意见上一题解析。分析句子可知，设空处作状语，应用非谓语形式，此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式。故填justifying。
9._______
painful
解析 句意为：海鸟数量的惊人下降给了我们一个惨痛的教训，当各国采取“眼不见心不烦”的保护方式时，会发生什么。设空处修饰名词，应用形容词作定语。故填painful。
10.____
an
解析 句意见上一题解析。approach意为“方式；方法”，是可数名词，根据句意，此处表示泛指，且out的发音以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an。故填an。
[浙江2023年1月] A
&37& 体裁：记叙文 &38& 题材：环境保护 &39& 词数：350 &40& 难度：&41& &42& 建议用时：8分钟
Live with roommates Have friends and family around you Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.
I experienced this when I started switching to a zero waste lifestyle five years ago, as I was living with my parents, and I continue to experience this with my husband, as he is not completely zero waste like me.I've learned a few things along the way though, which I hope you'll find encouraging if you're doing your best to figure out how you can make the change in a not-always-supportive household.
Zero waste was a radical lifestyle movement a few years back.I remember showing my parents a video of Bea Johnson, sharing how cool I thought it would be to buy groceries with jars, and have so little trash! A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.It came off as a bit discouraging.
Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach.I had my own bedroom, so I worked on removing things I didn't need.Since I had my own toiletries （洗漱用品）, I was able to start personalising my routine to be more sustainable.I also offered to cook every so often, so I portioned out a bit of the cupboard for my own zero waste groceries.Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.
As you make your lifestyle changes, you may find yourself wanting to speak up for yourself if others comment on what you're doing, which can turn itself into a whole household debate.If you have individuals who are not on board, your words probably won't do much and can often leave you feeling more discouraged.
So here is my advice: Lead by action.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者如何在家庭中过零浪费生活。
1.What do the underlined words “jump on that bandwagon” mean in the first paragraph ( )
B
A.Share an apartment with you. B.Join you in what you're doing.
C.Transform your way of living. D.Help you to make the decision.
解析 词义猜测题。根据画线部分前文Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to及第二段第一句可知，作者的家人并没有和她一起采用零浪费的生活方式，由此可推测，画线词组与Join you in what you're doing.（加入你正在做的事情）意思接近。故选B项。
2.What was the attitude of the author's father toward buying groceries with jars ( )
A
A.He disapproved of it. B.He was favorable to it.
C.He was tolerant of it. D.He didn't care about it.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的A few days later, I came back with my first jars of zero waste groceries, and my dad commented on how silly it was for me to carry jars everywhere.可推知，作者的父亲不赞成作者用罐子买食品杂货。故选A项。
3.What can we infer about the author ( )
D
A.She is quite good at cooking. B.She respects others' privacy.
C.She enjoys being a housewife. D.She is a determined person.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的Yet as the months of reducing waste continued, I did what I could that was within my own reach.以及Perhaps your household won't entirely make the switch, but you may have some control over your own personal spaces to make the changes you desire.可推知，在家人并不支持的情况下，作者坚持零浪费的生活方式，由此可推知作者是一个意志坚定的人。故选D项。
4.What is the text mainly about ( )
C
A.How to get on well with other family members. B.How to have one's own personal space at home.
C.How to live a zero waste lifestyle in a household.
D.How to control the budget when buying groceries.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段中的Chances are that if you're looking to live a more sustainable lifestyle, not everyone around you will be ready to jump on that bandwagon.及第二段最后一句可知，文章主要讲述了作者如何在家庭中采用零浪费的生活方式。故选C项。
[安徽十校联盟2023高二联考] B
&43& 体裁：说明文 &44& 题材：环境保护 &45& 词数：309 &46& 难度：&47& &48& 建议用时：8分钟
The Okapi Wildlife Reserve, located in the Democratic Republic of the Congo （DRC）, is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and home to one-sixth of the remaining wild okapi in the world.It protects many other wildlife species as well as one-fifth of the Ituri forest.But despite its status, the reserve is under threat from human activities.
Mining, deforestation （滥伐森林）, and illegal hunting are all threatening the reserve, and criminals have murdered several people, including forest guards, since 2012.Forest loss is expanding rapidly.In 2020, the most deforestation in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve since records began in 2002 was recorded via satellite data.Since 2002, the area has lost about 7% of its total forest cover.Most recently, satellite data shows deforestation along the Ituri River in late 2021, likely from illegal gold mining.
“These miners are literally eating the reserve out of its wildlife by hunting these animals for food.There is almost no wildlife left around the mine itself, and wildlife numbers are greatly reduced around mining towns,” said Gabriel Nenungo, a coordinator of geologists in Ituri Province.
Protecting the reserve is important for the endangered okapi and other wildlife that call the region home, but preserving the area's forests is of particular significance in dealing with climate change.
“The forests of DRC, more than forests in the Amazon and in Asia, store carbon even in times of drought and rising temperatures,” explained John Lukas, co-founder of the Okapi Conservation Project.“Preserving the forests of Eastern DRC not only provides habitats for okapi, elephants and chimpanzees but gives humans time to adjust our source of energy to be more sustainable and carbon neutral （碳中和的）.Hopefully the Western world will financially support the countries of the Congo Basin to value their forests as sources of life and not just a kind of goods to be sold.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。刚果民主共和国的&49& &50& 狓野生生物保护区是&51& &52& 狓和众多野生动物的避难所，但近年来，这些野生动物正受到采矿、偷猎、滥伐森林等人类活动的威胁。
1.What happened to the forests in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve ( )
C
A.Forest guards hunting. B.Mining via satellites.
C.About 7% of forest loss since 2002. D.One-fifth of wild animals leaving.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Since 2002, the area has lost about 7% of its total forest cover.Most recently, satellite data shows deforestation along the Ituri River in late 2021, likely from illegal gold mining.可知，自2002年以来，该地区的森林覆盖面积减少了约7%。故选C项。
2.Why has so much wildlife disappeared around the mines ( )
A
A.Wild animals are killed for food. B.The temperature there is very high.
C.The habitat is not suitable for wildlife. D.Wild animals are infected with deadly diseases.
解析 推理判断题。根据第三段中的These miners are literally eating the reserve out of its wildlife by hunting these animals for food.There is almost no wildlife left around the mine itself可推知，金矿周围野生动物消失的原因是矿工们猎捕它们当作食物。故选A项。
3.Why is it particularly important to protect the forests in the reserve ( )
B
A.Gold mines are in the forests. B.The forests affect climate.
C.The forests are home to wild species. D.A good life can be led by selling trees.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 preserving the area's forests is of particular significance in dealing with climate change 可知，保护森林对改善气候有利。故选B项。
4.Which of the following might be the best title for the text ( )
D
A.Current Situation of the Okapi Wildlife Reserve
B.Gold Mines Found in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve
C.Protecting the Wildlife in the Okapi Wildlife Reserve
D.Endangered Okapi Reserve Threatened by Human Activities
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章开头点明主旨，介绍了 狓野生生物保护区的重要地位，并说明保护区现在正受到人类活动的威胁；接下来几段分析了保护区受到威胁的原因和保护该地的重要性。全文都是围绕“ 狓野生生物保护区受到人类活动的威胁”这个主题展开，D项（濒危 狓的保护区受到人类活动的威胁）适合做本文的最佳标题。故选D项。
&53& 体裁：记叙文 &54& 题材：人物故事 &55& 词数：283 &56& 难度：&57& &58& 建议用时：13分钟
Mickey Wilson was on the mountain at Arapahoe Basin Ski Area.He with his friends Simmons and Mueller had got . .1. . the cable car （缆车） when they heard a scream.Their friend Richard was on the cable car ahead of them, but when they reached the top, Richard disappeared.They walked towards the . .2. . and found skiers stood on the slope （斜坡）, . .3. . to the cable car.
“Oh, Richard!” . .4. . Wilson.
When Richard tried to jump off the cable car, his backpack was . .5. . in the chair.The backpack belt twisted around his neck, making him . .6. ..The cable car operator quickly stopped it.Now Richard's body was swinging four feet above the snow.The friends . .7. . the skis on their feet and ran towards the scene.Their efforts to make a human pyramid to reach Richard were . .8. ..With the clock ticking, Wilson ran to the ladder of a nearby lift tower.Scared skiers watched as he . .9. . up.After reaching the top, Wilson's first . .10. . was to climb onto the steel cable that held the chairs.Then he sat over the cable and used his hands to pull himself to Richard quickly.Wilson's greatest fear wasn't that he'd fall, . .11. . that
he wouldn't reach Richard.“This was . .12. . or death,” he said.In the process, his jacket was stuck on the movable footrest.The footrest began to slide down with Wilson . .13. ..Fortunately, he managed to free himself and reached Richard . .14. . that could happen.
The patrol （巡逻队） had gathered below and performed emergency . .15. . on Richard who had been hanging for 5 minutes and then rushed him down to an ambulance.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了危难时刻威尔逊奋不顾身救援朋友理查德的故事，体现了“患难见真情”的主题。
1.( )A.in B.off C.over D.around
B
解析 根据下文的when they reached the top可知，此处他们应该是到达山顶，下了缆车。故选B。
2.( )A.car B.way C.scream D.chair
C
解析 根据上文的when they heard a scream可知，他们是朝着尖叫声（传来的方向）走过去。故选C。
3.( )A.getting B.pointing C.returning D.falling
B
解析 根据下文的“Oh, Richard!” _____ Wilson.可知，当时滑雪的人们都站在斜坡上指向一个缆车。
4.( )A.yelled B.warned C.insisted D.repeated
A
解析 根据前文提到的Richard disappeared可知，理查德不见了，再根据此处“Oh, Richard!”可知，威尔逊发现了理查德，所以应该是大叫道:“哦,是理查德!”故选A。
5.( )A.placed B.left C.caught D.folded
C
解析 根据下一句中的The backpack belt twisted around his neck可知,此处表示他的背包卡在了椅子里。故选C。
6.( )A.active B.comfortable C.sensitive D.breathless
D
解析 根据上文的The backpack belt twisted around his neck可知，背包的带子缠绕在他的脖子上，使他喘不过气来。故选D。
7.( )A.picked up B.kicked off C.put away D.took up
B
解析 根据下文的on their feet以及ran towards the scene可知，此处表示朋友们快速脱下滑雪板，跑向现场。故选B。
8.( )A.on time B.in need C.by accident D.in vain
D
解析 根据下文的Wilson ran to the ladder of a nearby lift tower和After reaching the top可知，之前他们的这些努力都徒劳无果。故选D。
9.( )A.ran B.struggled C.walked D.came
B
解析 根据上文的Wilson ran to the ladder of a nearby lift tower可知，惊恐的滑雪者看着他挣扎着爬上梯子。故选B。
10.( )A.impression B.aid C.challenge D.choice
C
解析 根据空后的to climb onto the steel cable that held the chairs和Then he… 及下文描述可知，爬上支撑椅子的钢索是威尔逊的第一个挑战。故选C。
11.( )A.and B.or C.so D.but
D
解析 句意为：威尔逊最害怕的不是他会掉下去，而是他无法够到理查德。此处表示“不是……而是……”，为not… but… 结构。故选D。
12.( )A.risk B.life C.effort D.chance
B
解析 根据前文描述以及空后的or death可知，此处表示这是生死攸关的事。故选B。
13.( )A.attached B.pulled C.involved D.defeated
A
解析 根据上文In the process, his jacket was stuck on the movable footrest.可知，搁脚架带着威尔逊开始往下滑。故选A。
14.( )A.until B.as C.before D.while
C
解析 根据Fortunately可知，在危险发生前，他设法挣脱并够到了理查德。故选C。
15.( )A.treatment B.experiments C.surgery D.tasks
A
解析 根据and then rushed him down to an ambulance可知，他们对理查德进行了紧急救治。故选A。
03
单元限时小卷
建议用时：55分钟
[广东茂名五中2022高二期中] &59& 体裁：说明文 &60& 题材：介绍说明 &61& 词数：329 &62& 难度：&63&
&64& 建议用时：8分钟
NAO, the first robot able to show emotions, has been created by a European research team.When NAO is sad, he lowers his head and looks down.When he's happy, he raises his arms for a hug.Nothing is out of the ordinary, except that NAO is a robot.
“We're modelling the first years of life,” says Lola Ca?amero, a computer scientist at the University of Hertfordshire.“The emotions are shown through physical gestures and body movements rather than facial or verbal （言语的） expressions.”
In the future, says the scientists, robots are likely to act as companions, provide support for old people, and help people shop online.In such uses, the display of emotion will be important in making the interactions （交互） more natural and comfortable.
NAO has been programmed to copy the emotional skills of a one-year-old child.It can memorise faces, and knows the basic rules of good and bad.Based on these it can decide how to react to what is going on.The actions going with each feeling are pre-programmed, but NAO decides for itself when to display them.
NAO is also programmed to have different personalities.A more independent robot is less likely to call for help when exploring a room, while a more fearful robot will show distress if it finds something in the room that may be harmful.
Ca amero's team will take its emotional programming forward into medical applications.Part of the project will look at ways to use robots in hospitals to support the roles of doctors, nurses and parents.Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.“We want to explore different roles—the robots will help the children to understand their treatment and explain what they have to do.We want to help the children to control their anxiety,” she says.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由一个欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够通过动作表达感情的机器人NAO，该团队希望能将它的情感程序应用到医学领域。
1.According to the text, what do we know about NAO ( )
A
A.It displays different emotions in different situations. B.It is able to imitate adult emotional displays.
C.It can remember people's emotions. D.It learns emotions from facial expressions.
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的When NAO is sad, he lowers his head and looks down.When he's happy, he raises his arms for a hug.可知，当NAO伤心时，他会低下头，当他开心时，他会伸出手要求拥抱，这说明NAO能在不同的情况下表达不同的情绪。故选A项。
2.What can we learn from the text ( )
D
A.Scientists worked on facial and spoken expressions to create NAO's emotions.
B.The time when NAO displays feelings has been pre-programmed.
C.Emotional programming is used in medicine production.
D.Robots with emotional skills can help children feel more comfortable.
解析 细节理解题。根据第六段中的Children might find that a small, friendly-looking robot that can understand their emotional states makes them less anxious.可知，如果小孩有一个小小的、看起来很友好的又能够理解他们情感状态的机器人陪着的话，他们可能就不会那么焦虑了，也就是说具有情感技能的机器人可以帮助孩子们感觉更放松。故选D项。
3.What does the underlined word “distress” in Paragraph 5 probably mean ( )
B
A.Courage. B.Anxiety. C.Anger. D.Satisfaction.
解析 词义猜测题。前面提到一个更独立的机器人在探索房间时很少寻求帮助，是独立完成任务的。句中的while表示对比，由此可以判断，后面是说一个胆怯的机器人如果在房间里发现可能有害的东西时会表现出焦虑。故选B项。
4.What is the text mainly about ( )
C
A.The relationship between humans and robots. B.The roles that robots play in different fields.
C.The first robot able to show emotions. D.The long history of robots.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句和全文内容可知，本文主要介绍了由一个欧洲研究团队发明的第一个能够表达感情的机器人NAO。故选C项。
[河南郑州十校2022高二联考] &65& 体裁：说明文 &66& 题材：介绍说明 &67& 词数：251 &68& 难度：&69&
&70& 建议用时：7分钟
Apps （short for applications） are becoming increasingly popular nowadays, and for good reason.They
can help you out in just about every area of your life, whether it's keeping fit, communicating with
friends, or even learning a language.1. . Here's what you should think about before downloading an
app for language learning.
G
●Learn from diverse sources （来源） （not just apps）
Any seasoned language learner will tell you that the beauty of mastering a foreign language is the
world which it opens up to you.This is a world of diverse sources of information, from newspapers and
books to TV, radio, music and even real people.Would you limit yourself to one medium in your native
language 2. .
●Establish your purpose and plan your habits
Do you want to be fluent in weeks or are you in it for the brain training The good apps are
designed to help you fit your studies around your timetable.3. .These apps encourage habit building,
because the successful formation of a habit ensures your safe and regular return.
E
F
●Make it social
4. . I mean social for real.I owe the speed of progress I made in Italian to the support from Jim, my
partner in study time.Find a friend to accompany you.Take an evening class.Borrow a book.Buy a
book.Book a week away and attend a language school.Just don't forget your phone!
If I may speak sincerely, the combination of apps, language school, Jim, evenings out, and a choice
book or two proved extremely effective.5. .
A.I recommend it.
B.Remember that an app is just a tool.
C.No, I don't mean posting your progress online.
D.I encourage you to use apps as often as you can.
E.Probably not, so why do so in your new language
F.The best apps adapt themselves based upon your behaviour.
G.However, you need to know how to use them properly to really benefit.
C
A
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。现如今，应用程序正变得越来越受欢迎，它们可以为你生活的方方面面提供帮助，无论是保持健康，与朋友交流，还是学习一门语言。文章主要介绍了在下载一款语言学习应用程序之前需要考虑的一些事情。
1.___
G
解析 设空处前提到了应用程序的好处，空后一句提到在下载之前应该考虑一些事情，故设空处应与上文构成转折，故G项（然而，你需要知道如何正确地使用它们才能真正受益）符合语境，选项中them指代上文中的Apps。
2.___
E
解析 根据本段内容可知，空前提到了学习语言有各种不同的媒介可供选择，且上文提出了一个设问句“你会只在一种媒介上学习母语吗？”，设空处位于段末，应当承接上文回答这一问题，故E项（也许并不会，那么为什么要在你的新的语言学习中这么做呢）符合语境。
3.___
F
解析 空后一句说明了这些手机应用程序的好处，前文应提到空后一句中These apps所指代的内容，F项中的The best apps可与此对应。F项（最好的应用程序会根据你的行为进行自我调整）符合语境。
4.___
C
解析 根据本段小标题Make it social以及设空处后文I mean social for real.可知，后文提到了使其具有真实的社交性，由此可知设空处应当是在说明与后文意思相反的情况，C项中的I don't mean与后文I mean对应。故C项（不，我不是说在网上公布你的进展）符合语境。
5.___
A
解析 空前一句提到了一种有效的方法，即作者推荐这种方法，A项中it指代上文的the combination of apps…。A项（我推荐它）符合语境。
[山东济南一中2022高二期中] &71& 体裁：记叙文 &72& 题材：实现梦想 &73& 词数：257 &74& 难度：&75& &76& 建议用时：13分钟
For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible.Trujillo, however, is an aerospace . .1. . who leads a team at the NASA laboratory . .2. . for the robotic arm of the latest Mars rover （火星探测器）.
How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to. .3. . exploring it That's a tale of . .4. . written in the stars.
Born in 1983, even as a young girl Trujillo was. .5. . of her passion for science.But she doubted how far she'd be able to . .6. . in a male-dominated field.Then her dad offered to send her to Miami.Only 17 at the time, she . .7. . the offer.
Trujillo took a series of housekeeping . .8. . to put herself through Miami Dade College.Sometimes she was cleaning bathrooms to help pay her way through her . .9. ..But she didn't . .10. ..“I saw everything coming my way as an opportunity.”
Then came another life-changing moment.She became the first Hispanic （西班牙语国家的） woman to be . .11. . to the NASA Academy.Later, she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.
In February 2021, when the Perseverance rover. .12. . on the surface of Mars, it was . .13. . by commentary （现场解说） from Trujillo in NASA's first-ever Spanish-language . .14. ..
Trujillo's own story is. .15. . that just beyond the barrier lies an entire universe of opportunities waiting for anyone willing to work hard enough to reach for the stars.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了特鲁希略作为一位女性，凭借自身的努力和毅力一步步成为一名美国国家航空航天局工程师的故事。
1.( )A.astronaut B.pilot C.engineer D.guide
C
解析 根据下文Later, she became an engineer at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center.可知，她成了美国国家航空航天局的一名工程师，所以此处表示她是航天工程师，故选C。
2.( )A.eager B.responsible C.concerned D.grateful
B
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示特鲁希略领导的团队负责（responsible）最新的火星探测器安装的机械臂项目。故选B。
3.( )A.actually B.hardly C.precisely D.repeatedly
A
解析 句意为：特鲁希略是如何从只是梦想着宇宙到真正去探索宇宙的呢？此空对应该句中的simply dreaming about，表示“从梦想变成现实”。故选A。
4.( )A.innocence B.kindness C.perseverance D.sympathy
C
解析 根据文章开头的For a little girl growing up in Colombia, a science career with NASA may seem impossible.可知，对于一个女孩而言，进入美国国家航空航天局工作是非常难的一件事，而这位女孩做到了。再通过下文对这位女孩的介绍可知，她的成长经历是一个有关毅力的故事，故选C。innocence意为“无辜；无罪”；perseverance意为“毅力”；sympathy意为“同情”。
5.( )A.certain B.tolerant C.afraid D.fond
A
解析 句意为：特鲁希略出生于1983年，甚至在她还是个小女孩的时候，她就确信自己热爱科学。根据上文How did Trujillo go from simply dreaming about the universe to ______ exploring it 可知，她一直梦想着探索宇宙，再结合设空处所在句中的even可知，此处表示她甚至在很小的时候就确定了对科学的追求和喜爱，故选A。
6.( )A.respond B.rise C.invest D.apply
B
解析 句意为：但她不确定自己在一个男性主导的领域能提升到什么位置。根据空后的in a male-dominated field并结合句意以及选项可知，此处表达在这样一个男性主导的领域里，特鲁希略不知道努力和坚持能让自己走多远，故选B。
7.( )A.made up B.turned up C.picked up D.took up
D
解析 句意为：当时只有17岁的她接受了这个提议。上文提到她的爸爸提出送她去迈阿密，根据下文Trujillo took a series of housekeeping ______ to put herself through Miami Dade College.可知，后来她去了迈阿密上大学，所以此处表示，她接受了爸爸让她去迈阿密的提议。故选D。
8.( )A.measures B.activities C.jobs D.courses
C
解析 句意为：特鲁希略做了一系列家务活，让自己读完了迈阿密戴德学院的课程。根据空前定语housekeeping以及此句句意可知，此处表达她给别人做家务活，也就是通过家务工作挣钱以让自己完成学业，故选C。
9.( )A.studies B.purchases C.recreations D.trips
A
解析 上文提到她通过做家务挣钱来读完大学，结合选项可知，此处表示她打扫浴室来赚取费用，自食其力地完成学业。
10.( )A.skip B.panic C.reform D.complain
D
解析 根据上文可知，为了完成学业，她要做家务、打扫浴室，而根据下文可知，她将前进道路上的一切都看成自己的机会。故此处表示尽管完成学业不易，但是她从不抱怨，故选D。
11.( )A.brought B.admitted C.assigned D.introduced
B
解析 句意为：她成为第一个被美国国家航空航天局学院录取的西班牙语国家的女性。根据上文Then came another life-changing moment.可知，接着又是一个改变人生的时刻，所以此处表示她被美国国家航空航天局学院录取（admit），这是她人生的转折点。故选B。assign意为“指派；委任”。
12.( )A.appeared B.sat C.landed D.waited
C
解析 句意为：2021年2月，“毅力号”探测器在火星表面着陆时同时伴随着特鲁希略的现场解说，这是美国国家航空航天局首次用西班牙语进行播报。根据上下文可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”探测器在火星表面着陆，故选C。
13.( )A.accompanied B.restricted C.enhanced D.teased
A
解析 结合上下文可知，此处表示的是“毅力号”探测器着陆时伴随着广播中特鲁希略的西班牙语解说，故选A。
14.( )A.theory B.broadcast C.criticism D.performance
B
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示特鲁希略在美国国家航空航天局第一次用西班牙语作了广播解说。
15.( )A.enterprise B.information C.competence D.proof
D
解析 句意为：特鲁希略的故事证明，越过障碍，有一整个充满机遇的宇宙在等待着任何一个愿意努力工作去摘星星的人。根据上文内容可知，特鲁希略克服了种种困难和阻碍，最终取得成功，她的经历证明了只要愿意付出努力，会有无限的机会在前方等你。故选D。
&77& 体裁：说明文 &78& 题材：社会文化 &79& 词数：172 &80& 难度：&81& &82& 建议用时：7分钟
Chinese food, with a long history, 1. . （be） known for their special taste and delicacy （精
致）.Here are several traditional Chinese dishes.
Noodles are a symbol of long life in Chinese culture.They are as much a part as 2. . birthday
cake with its candles 3. . （light） in western countries.Since noodles mean long life, it is
considered very 4. . （lucky） to cut it off.
In China, a whole fish 5. . （symbol） richness.At a party, it is a tradition to serve the
whole fish.Fish also has a special meaning because of the Chinese character for fish, yu, which sounds
like the word for richness.So 6. . is believed that eating fish will help your wishes come true in the
year to come.
Another popular dish is zongzi, 7. . is served during the Dragon Boat Festival.This tasty dish
8. . （make） of glutinous rice stuffed with meat, peanuts or other delicious food in 9. .
（leaf）.The tradition of eating zongzi is meant to remind us 10. . a great Chinese poet, Qu Yuan.
is
a
lit/lighted
unlucky
symbolises
it
which
is made
leaves
of
【语篇导读】本文为一篇说明文，主要介绍了中国食物历史悠久，以其独特的味道和精致而闻名。文中特别列举了面条、鱼和粽子几种美食。
1.___
is
解析 be known for为固定搭配，意为“因……而闻名”，这里有插入语with a long history，主语是Chinese food，此处是介绍客观情况，时态应用一般现在时。故填is。
2.___
a
解析 名词cake是单数形式，此处表示“一个生日蛋糕”，属于可数名词；且此处泛指一个蛋糕，故填a。
3.__________
lit/lighted
解析 此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，宾语its candles与light之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词，故填lit/lighted。
【知识拓展】with复合结构
with复合结构，即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”，在句中表状态或说明背景情况，常作伴随、方式、原因、条件等状语，可用现在分词、过去分词、动词不定式、形容词／副词／介词短语等充当宾补。如：With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中,他们驱车来到宫殿。（作伴随状语）
With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.由于没有可以说话的人,约翰感到很痛苦。（作原因状语）He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了,灯还亮着。（作伴随状语）
4.________
unlucky
解析 句意为：由于面条代表长寿，把面条切断被认为是不吉利的。主句中谓语是is considered，此处应用形容词作主语补足语，根据语境可知，此处表示“不吉利的”。故填unlucky。
5.___________
symbolises
解析 主语a whole fish为第三人称单数，该空应填谓语动词的第三人称单数形式，故填symbolises。
6.___
it
解析 it is believed that为固定句式，意为“据认为”，it是形式主语，真正的主语是that从句。故填it。
7._______
which
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处引导非限制性定语从句并在从句中作主语，先行词是zongzi，指物，故填which。
8.________
is made
解析 主语是dish，短语be made of意为“由……制成”，在此处作谓语，描述客观情况应用一般现在时，故填is made。
9._______
leaves
解析 leaf是可数名词，包粽子需要很多粽叶，应用复数形式。故填leaves。
10.___
of
解析 remind sb of… 为固定搭配，意为“让某人想起……”。故填of。
[湖南三湘名校教育联盟2022高二期中] &83& 难度：&84& &85& 建议用时：20分钟
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
At eleven years old, my main concern was money.Where could I get it How much did I need to buy the new must-have thing my classmates either had or wanted I went to my mum.“Mum, I need more money,” I said, leaning against the kitchen counter while she cooked dinner.“You think you need a job ” Mum asked with a smile.The next day, she had an answer.“Your grandmother will pay you to help her deliver lunch each day to the elderly.” “Yes!” I pumped （挥舞） my fist into the air.
When my grandmother picked me up, I couldn't wait to start my new job.“It's simple.We pick up a large container full of hot meals in a nearby town and then we go on our delivery route.” After dozens of meals were arranged in the back seat, my grandmother drove us to our first stop.The first house didn't look nice, but I shrugged and kept going.I didn't have to live there, just deliver food there.This was how I would make money.I nearly jumped when I glanced over and saw a tiny old woman in the corner looking at me.She sat hunched （缩成一团） over in a rocking chair and had more wrinkles
（皱纹） than I'd ever seen in my life.“Who is this nice young lady ” She asked my grandmother.I just stood there holding the food, unsure what to do.My grandmother guided me inside to place it on her kitchen table.The house smelled bad and old like the antique stores my mum liked to visit, but I never liked because even breathing in the dusty air made me feel dirty.I held my breath until we went out.
The next stop was much the same and the next.The houses varied in size and shape, some were nicer than others, but the same wrinkly people waited for their meals.Each person smiled at me and thanked me as I hurried to get out of there.I was sweaty and tired, and my clothes had captured the smell of the food and old houses.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
By the end of the day, it was obvious that I wasn't very comfortable about the job.____
My eyes widened, and I turned to her, “Their only meal ”____
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
材料大意 本文讲述了开始作者很需要钱，妈妈告诉她需要自己去赚钱，并告诉了作者赚钱的方法，即
和祖母一起为老年人送饭。作者看到老人们居住的环境非常不好，但老人们总是面带微笑，
似乎非常开心的样子。
故事背景 作者与祖母一起为老人们送饭，看到老人们的居住环境并感受到老人们的反应。
主要角色 作者、作者的妈妈、作者的祖母、领饭的老人们
写作顺序 时间顺序
主要矛盾 作者原本只是想帮助祖母给老人们送饭，以此来赚钱，但看到老人们的居住环境，作者的心
态发生了变化。一天的工作下来，作者一身汗味，疲惫不堪，非常不舒服。
2.续写分析
续写第一段（提示 句：一天结束时， 很明显这份工作令 我感觉不舒服。） 由第一段首句内容可知，本段应描写作者结束一天的工作后祖母对作者的表现有
什么反应、作者和祖母有什么样的对话以及作者的感受如何。根据第二段的首句
可知，第一段中祖母应该会向作者解释去给老人们送饭的原因。
续写第二段（提示 句：我睁大了眼 睛，转向她：“他们 唯一的一餐？”） 根据第二段首句可知，作者听到祖母说这是老人们一天中唯一的一餐时感到非常
惊讶，本段应描写作者和祖母去给老人们送饭的真正意义：作者拿到祖母给的
钱，内心并不是那么开心，但了解到被看望的老人们很多都很孤独，给他们带去
一份简单的食物是一件可以让他们快乐的事，作者意识到自己的快乐不是为了赚
钱，而是给老人们带去快乐。
情感变化 作者对一天的工作感到不舒服——祖母解释为什么给老人们送饭——作者感到疑
惑——听完祖母的解释，作者感到惊讶——作者感悟到工作的意义
3.提分词句
be convinced of, incredible, What if… （What if I was all alone ）, What引导的主语从句（What matters）等。
【参考范文】
By the end of the day, it was obvious that I wasn't very comfortable about the job.“You don't have to help me,” my grandmother said.“I will understand if the job isn't what you want to do.” I swallowed hard, thinking of money.Did I want to be comfortable, or did I want the money “No, Grandma.It's okay.I'll get used to it.” Though, I was not convinced of my words.“If you're sure, dear.” A moment of silence settled over the car before she spoke again.“For a lot of the people we deliver to, this is their only meal of the day.”
My eyes widened, and I turned to her, “Their only meal ” She nodded seriously.“For some of them we're the only person they see.Many of them are alone.”I thought about that.What if I was all alone I couldn't imagine not having my mum, grandmother or my friends.When we were back at the house, my grandmother handed me the money I'd earned.It didn't seem quite as exciting as I had thought anymore.I'd like to say that I did something incredible with the money I had earned.I don't even remember what I bought for the elderly the next day.What matters is that people with smiles appearing on their wrinkled faces brought unexpected joy to my life while I brought them only a simple gift.