外研版（2019）必修 第二册Unit 6 Earth first Starting out & Understanding ideas 必刷题 课件(共85张PPT)

(共85张PPT)
选择性必修第二册
Unit 6 Survival
01
Period Ⅰ Starting out & Understanding ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.I would like to express my gratitude and ____________ （appreciate） to those who are always giving
me timely help and encouragement when I am in trouble.
appreciation
解析 句意为：我要向那些总是在我遇到困难时给予我及时帮助和鼓励的人表示感激。设空处作动词express的宾语，与gratitude是并列关系，应用名词形式。故填appreciation。
2.His ____________ （commit） to the research contributed to world peace and social progress.
commitment
解析 句意为：他致力于这项研究，为世界和平和社会进步作出了贡献。分析句子结构可知，His _____ to the research在句中作主语，设空处前有His修饰，其后跟介词to，故设空处应用名词。故填commitment。
3.There are many conventional rules about wine, from the type of _________ （contain） it should
come in to the price of it.
container
解析 句意为：关于葡萄酒，有许多传统的规则，从装酒的容器类型到酒的价格。type/kind/sort of之后接不加限定词的单数或不可数名词。此处表示“容器”，故填container。
4.The US Environmental Protection Agency notes that most wastes are so dangerous that the tough
___________ （restrict） are supposed to be put on the production and use of electronic products.
restrictions
解析 句意为：美国环保局指出，大多数废弃物是如此危险以至于应该对电子产品的生产和使用实施严格的限制。分析句子结构可知，so… that引导结果状语从句，设空处为从句的主语，应该用名词形式；从句中的助动词为are，故从句的主语应用复数形式。故填restrictions。
5.The police warned holidaymakers to be on the watch for car ____________ （thief）.
thieves/theft
解析 句意为：警方提醒度假者提防偷车贼。thief为可数名词，其前无限定词修饰；根据语境可知，此处表示“不止一个”，应用名词复数。应注意thief的复数形式为将f变为v，再加-es。此处也可表示“提防汽车被偷”，theft意为“偷窃”，符合语境。
6.The roots of the plant are greedy ____ water, especially in the dry seasons.
for
解析 句意为：这种植物的根部非常贪水，尤其是在旱季。be greedy for为固定搭配，意为“渴望……”。故填for。
7.Always believe that your goal is attainable as long as you commit yourself ___ it.
to
解析 句意为：要一直相信，只要你坚持不懈，你的目标总能实现。commit oneself to意为“致力于”，为固定搭配。故填to。
8.As the important source of water, the glaciers' change is crucial ______ the region's sustainable
development.
to/for
解析 句意为：作为重要的水源，冰川的变化对该地区的可持续发展至关重要。be crucial to/for为固定搭配，意为“对……至关重要”。故填to/for。
9.A new school building with each room equipped with computers is ______ construction in the
university.
under
解析 句意为：这座大学正在建一座新的校舍，每间教室都配备了电脑。be under construction为固定搭配，意为“正在建设中”。故填under。
10.There's no other person available.So I have no choice but _________ （bother） you to correct my
mistakes in the material I attach to the letter.
to bother
解析 句意为：其他人都没空，所以我不得不麻烦您纠正我在信中附上的材料中的错误。have no choice but to do sth为固定表达，意为“别无选择只好做某事”。故填to bother。
根据提示补全句子。
1.据说我们学校附近要建一座现代化的大楼，恐怕它与周围的环境会不协调。（fit）
It's said that a modern building is to be built near our school.I'm afraid that it won't ____ ___ _____
____ ____________.
fit
in
with
the
surroundings
2.所有带小部件的玩具和日用品都要收到孩子拿不到的地方。（reach）
Keep toys and household items with small parts ____ ___ ____ ______ ___ ________.
out
of
the
reach
of
children
3.广罗外界的意见是更好地了解你的问题的一个好方法。
Gathering outside opinions is a great way to ____ ___ ______ _____________ ___ your problem.
get
a
better
understanding
of
4.我很感激在这里交到了许多朋友，并且现在还保持联络。
__ _______ _____ __________ ___ _____ I made many friends here and now keep in contact.
I
would
very
appreciate
it
that
5.有证据表明，针灸的运用始于石器时代，当时石器被称作“砭”，被用来按压身体。
______ ___ _________ _____ acupuncture began during the Stone Age, when stone tools called “bian”
were used to press areas of the body.
There
is
evidence
that
&1& 体裁：说明文 &2& 题材：人与动物 &3& 词数：177 &4& 难度：&5& &6& 建议用时：6分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Cape Town, a thief 1. . （steal） a bag of shopping from a car, but the police couldn't
arrest the thief because it was a chacma baboon.Besides Cape Town, wild animals can 2. .
（witness） in other urban areas.It may be not because the wild animals have taken over our cities,
3. . because we humans have invaded their natural habitats.Probably these “urban animals” regard our
green cities as their paradise, in 4. . they can find enough food.5. . the meantime, they needn't
worry about their predators.
In their urban life, some animals have developed new skills and changed their living habits to adapt
to their new homes.Urban racoons are 6. . （intelligent） than the wild ones, for they
know how to open containers.Urban foxes appear in daylight 7. . （look） for food if the
reward 8. . （be） good enough.
stole
be witnessed
but
which
In
more intelligent
to look
is
However, other animals can't adjust to the urban environment.Recent studies estimate that more than
400 million birds die from window impacts each year in the US, 9. . （account） for around
10% of the total US bird population.
Above all, now that animals choose to lead their urban life, we should learn to appreciate our wild
neighbours, and share our urban habitats with them 10. . （harmonious）.
accounting
harmoniously
1.______
stole
解析 设空处为第一个并列分句的谓语，第二个并列分句及从句时态为一般过去时，表示发生在过去的事情，设空处也应用一般过去时。
2._____________
be witnessed
解析 此处指“被看见，被目击”，应用被动形式。
3.____
but
解析 此处为not… but… 结构，意为“不是……而是……”。
4._______
which
解析 此处为“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，先行词为cities，“介词+关系代词”在从句中作地点状语，故填which。
5.___
In
解析 in the meantime意为“在此期间；与此同时”。
6._______________
more intelligent
解析 由后面的than可知，此处含有比较意义，表示“比野生浣熊更聪明”。
7.________
to look
解析 不定式短语作目的状语，表示“为了寻找食物”。
8.___
is
解析 此处介绍一般情况，主句为一般现在时，从句也应用一般现在时，从句的主语reward为单数形式，故填is。
9.___________
accounting
解析 设空处应用非谓语形式，account for与more than 400 million birds之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词。
10._____________
harmoniously
解析 设空处修饰动词share，应用副词。
&7& 体裁：说明文 &8& 题材：环境保护 &9& 词数：186 &10& 难度：&11& &12& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A rainforest is an area 1. . （cover） by tall trees with the total high rainfall spreading
quite equally through the year.Rainforests can take in heat from the sun and adjust the
climate.2. . the forest cover, these areas would reflect more heat into the atmosphere,
3. . （warm） the rest of the world.Losing the rainforests may also cause certain natural
disasters all over the world.
In the past hundred years, humans 4. . （destroy） rainforests
in search of three major resources: land for crops, wood for paper and other products, land for raising
farm 5. . （animal）.This action affects the environment as a whole.People 6. .
（obvious） have a need for the resources gained from cutting trees, 7. . we will suffer much
more than we will benefit.
Rainforests are often called the world's drugstore.More than 25% of the medicines we use today
come from plants in rainforests.However, fewer than 1% of rainforest plants have been examined for
their 8. . （medicine） value.It is extremely likely 9. . our best chance to cure diseases
10. . （lie） somewhere in the world's shrinking rainforests.
covered
Without
warming
have been destroying/have destroyed
animals
obviously
but/yet
medical
that
lies
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了雨林的作用，以及人们破坏雨林的原因和影响等。
1.________
covered
解析 分析句子结构并根据空后的by可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰area，cover与所修饰的词之间是逻辑上的被动关系，所以应用过去分词。故填covered。
2.________
Without
解析 句意为：没有雨林覆盖的话，这些区域反射到大气中的热量会更多，从而会使地球其余区域变暖。由语境可知此处应用介词Without。
3._________
warming
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处应用非谓语动词作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，所以应用现在分词。故填warming。
4._________________________________
have been destroying/have destroyed
解析 根据本句中的时间状语In the past hundred years及下文内容可判断出，此处表示发生在过去且对现在仍有影响的动作，故应用现在完成时；此处也可用现在完成进行时，强调该动作从过去某时开始发生一直持续到现在，还在继续或可能继续下去。
5.________
animals
解析 animal是可数名词，设空处前无限定词修饰，此处应用animal的复数形式。故填animals。
6.__________
obviously
解析 设空处修饰动词have,应用obvious的副词形式。故填obviously。
7._______
but/yet
解析 句意为：显然，人们需要那些通过砍伐树木获得的资源，但是我们因此遭受的苦难要比我们所获得的益处多得多。根据语境可知，前后两个分句之间为转折关系，所以应用but/yet。
8.________
medical
解析 设空处作定语，修饰名词value，应用medicine的形容词形式，故填medical。
9._____
that
解析 本句中的It作形式主语，空后的部分不缺少成分且意义完整，所以此处应用that。It is likely that… 意为“可能……”，that引导主语从句。
10._____
lies
解析 设空处是从句中的谓语动词，根据上下文语境可判断出，此处应用一般现在时；又因从句中的主语chance是单数，故填lies。
A
&13& 体裁：记叙文 &14& 题材：人物故事 &15& 词数：307 &16& 难度：&17& &18& 建议用时：7分钟
Bria Neff, a teenage girl in Sioux Falls, South Dakota, has been named a winner of the Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes.Each year, the Barron Prize celebrates 25 uplifting, socially concerned young people from across the US and Canada who have made a huge positive difference to people and the environment.
Bria founded Faces of the Endangered to protect endangered species through the sale of her artworks.She has sold over 250 paintings of endangered animals and has donated more than ?$34,000 to animal conservation groups.Bria has also published two educational colouring books; the income helps support the zoos' endangered species.She uses her website and Facebook page to present the endangered animals faced with challenges, inspiring followers in 48 countries.
Bria began her work as an 8-year-old, when she won an art competition hosted by the International Fund for Animal Welfare.She was shocked to learn there were over 3,000 endangered species and
decided to combine her enthusiasm for painting with her love of animals to show species in danger of extinction.She carefully researches each animal before painting it.“I hope I can inspire kids like me to believe they can do great things,” says Bria.
The Barron Prize was founded in 2001 by author T.A.Barron and was named after his mother, Gloria Barron.Each year's 25 Barron Prize young heroes show the great diversity of America.They are female and male, and from various backgrounds.Many of them have focused on helping their communities and fellow beings; many others have focused on protecting the environment.“We need our heroes today more than ever.That is the purpose of the Gloria Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others,” says Barron.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖获得者——布里亚·内夫的故事。
1.Which of the following best describes Bria Neff ( )
A
A.Inspiring and responsible. B.Honest and reliable.
C.Brave and hard-working. D.Smart and patient.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Bria founded Faces of the Endangered to protect endangered species through the sale of her artworks.可知，布里亚成立了“濒危物种的面孔”组织，通过出售自己的艺术作品来保护濒危物种，由此推断布里亚是有责任心的；根据第二段中的She uses her website and Facebook page to present the endangered animals faced with challenges, inspiring followers in 48 countries.可知，布里亚是能鼓舞人心的。故选A项。
2.What was the reason for Bria Neff's publishing two colouring books ( )
B
A.To show her gift for painting. B.To help endangered animals.
C.To honour extinct species. D.To make herself a hero.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的Bria has also published two educational colouring books; the income helps support the zoos' endangered species.可知，布里亚出版有教育意义的涂色书是为了资助动物园保护濒危物种的工作。故选B项。
3.What can be learnt about the Barron Prize ( )
D
A.It was intended for all Americans.
B.It was named after a famous writer.
C.It concentrates on the education for young kids.
D.It encourages the young to make a difference to the world.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“We need our heroes today more than ever.That is the purpose of the Gloria Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others,” says Barron.可知，巴伦奖鼓励年轻人成为对世界有影响之人。故选D项。
4.Where is this text most likely from ( )
C
A.A research paper. B.A public speech. C.A news report. D.A history book.
解析 推理判断题。文章主要介绍了格洛丽亚·巴伦青年英雄奖的获得者——布里亚的故事，同时介绍了格洛丽亚·巴伦奖的概况，由此可推测，这篇文章出自一则新闻报道。故选C项。
[湖北武汉2023高二期末] B
&19& 体裁：说明文 &20& 题材：动物保护 &21& 词数：345 &22& 难度：&23& &24& 建议用时：7分钟
Eastern barred bandicoots （东袋狸） once were a common sight in the plains of western Victoria and into South Australia.But by the 1980s, just one population of between 150 and 200 bandicoots survived.
In 1988, the Victoria state government formed a recovery team that brought together government agencies, Zoos Victoria, volunteer groups and other people.That year, scientists removed 40 bandicoots from this population to form a captive breeding （圈养繁殖） programme.Soon after, eastern barred bandicoots disappeared from the wild in Victoria.The only remaining breeding population existed in small pens at Woodlands Historic Park.“Without the captive programme, the species would be extinct,” scientists say.
Breeding was one thing.Re-establishing wild populations was altogether more difficult.Six times captive-born bandicoots were set free into the wild.All six reintroductions failed when foxes killed the bandicoots.
What changed everything was the reintroduction of bandicoots to Phillip Island in 2017 and French Island in 2019.Fox-free French and Phillip islands offered just over 70 square miles of bandicoot habitat, and the bandicoots have already begun breeding and expanding （扩大） their range across these islands.
After scientists had established populations on islands, researchers looked to expand their efforts to open grasslands.In 2015, Zoos Victoria coordinator David Williams began training his Maremma dogs.The idea worked this way: The bandicoots live alone, and the Maremmas would look after sheep in large open grasslands where bandicoots lived.As long as there were sheep in the bandicoots' territory （领地）, the Maremmas remained, and as long as the dogs were around, the foxes were far less likely to remain.
Over the past two years, the recovery team has reintroduced 40 bandicoots into two places in western Victoria, with two to three Maremmas and hundreds of sheep at each site to keep them company.Scientists can't yet say whether the experiment is working.But some of the bandicoots have bred, and initial camera-trap evidence suggests that foxes, if they pass through the area at all, rarely stay for long.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了在政府和科学家的努力下，东袋狸摆脱灭绝命运，重新回归大自然的过程。
1.What is the main idea of Paragraph 2 ( )
B
A.Eastern barred bandicoots became extinct in the wild.
B.The 1988 captive breeding programme saved the species.
C.The government played a role in protecting the species.
D.Combined efforts made no difference to the environment.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第二段中的In 1988, the Victoria state government formed a recovery team… That year, scientists removed 40 bandicoots from this population to form a captive breeding programme.以及Without the captive programme, the species would be extinct可知，本段主要介绍了1988年的圈养繁殖计划拯救了东袋狸，使其免于灭绝的命运。故选B项。
2.What led to the failure of all 6 bandicoot reintroductions ( )
C
A.Food shortage. B.Lack of habitats.
C.Threats of natural enemies. D.Insufficient captive-born bandicoots.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的All six reintroductions failed when foxes killed the bandicoots.可知，是天敌的威胁导致六次将东袋狸放归大自然的计划都失败了。故选C项。
3.Why did Williams train Maremma dogs ( )
D
A.To take good care of his sheep. B.To keep bandicoots out of foxes' territory.
C.To help dogs and bandicoots live in harmony. D.To reintroduce bandicoots to the open grasslands.
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段内容可知，威廉斯训练马雷马牧羊犬的目的是利用牧羊犬保护羊群的天性，避免东袋狸的天敌——狐狸靠近东袋狸生活的开阔草原地带，从而使东袋狸避开天敌的威胁，重新生活在开阔的草原上。故选D项。
4.What can be inferred about the programme in western Victoria ( )
B
A.It has completely failed. B.Its result remains to be seen.
C.It turns out an instant success. D.Its process needs closely monitoring.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的Scientists can't yet say whether the experiment is working.可知，实验是否奏效尚且未知，其结果还有待观察。故选B项。
&25& 体裁：说明文 &26& 题材：动物保护 &27& 词数：231 &28& 难度：&29& &30& 建议用时：8分钟
Every animal on Earth helps contribute to the ecosystem in some way.We humans must protect
animals to keep the ecosystem in balance.We depend on healthy ecosystems for food, shelters and clean
water.1. . If you want to protect them, the following ideas may inspire you.
Use social media to spread awareness of animal organisations.If you follow animal organisations on
social media, you can repost their content.Your followers and social media circle will see it and possibly
share it with others.2. .
Find a local organisation or shelter that offers volunteering.3. . And you can also search the web
to find a local organisation that may help walk dogs, bath animals or clean cages.Popular organisations
can be overloaded with volunteers.Smaller local rescue centres and shelters may have more openings for
volunteers.
Adopt （收养） an animal from a local shelter.If you're ready for a pet, consider adopting one
from a shelter.4. . Giving an animal a loving home will not only benefit its life but improve
D
G
E
C
yours.Pick an animal that matches your budget, schedule and living space.Your pet will be happier if it
matches your needs and lifestyle.
5. . Reusable water bottles, food containers and shopping bags help reduce the amount of plastic used
that eventually ends up in the ocean which is home to some animals.When you do use disposable （一
次性的） plastic, recycle it when you can.
A
A.Use fewer plastic products to limit ocean pollution.
B.Share ideas on how to reuse plastic to protect the ocean.
C.By adopting a pet, you possibly save it from being killed.
D.Taking action to protect animals is for their good as well as ours.
E.Well-known organisations often have lots of volunteering chances.
F.Some famous organisations encourage volunteers to adopt animals.
G.Make sure the content you share is accurate so you're spreading correct information.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。地球上的每一种动物都在以某种方式对生态系统作出贡献，所以我们必须保护动物。文章介绍了几种保护动物的方法。
1.___
D
解析 上文介绍了动物的重要性和保护动物的必要性。D项（采取行动保护动物是为了动物们和我们人类二者的利益）承接上文，说明了保护动物的重要性，故选D项。
2.___
G
解析 本段建议我们利用社交媒体传播对动物组织的关注，上文建议我们转发动物组织发布的内容，以便你的关注者和社交媒体圈看到并分享。G项（确保你分享的内容是准确的，这样你就在传播正确的信息）是对转发内容的要求，与上一句承接。故选G项。
3.___
E
解析 本段建议我们找一个提供志愿服务的当地组织或收容所，根据下一句中的help walk dogs, bath animals or clean cages可知，这些都是志愿者在当地组织或收容所可以做的具体工作，E项（知名组织经常有很多志愿服务的机会）连接前后文，故选E项。
4.___
C
解析 本段建议我们从当地收容所收养一只动物，C项（通过收养宠物，你可能会使它免于被杀死）说明了收养动物的好处，其中adopting是关键词，故选C项。
5.___
A
解析 下文介绍可重复使用的水瓶、食品容器和购物袋有助于减少最终流入海洋的废弃塑料。由此可知，本段建议我们少用塑料制品以限制海洋污染，A项符合语境。
02
Period Ⅱ Using language—Presenting ideas
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.With more and more people putting the low-carbon lifestyle into practice, the ____________
（consume） of coal has declined in recent years.
consumption
解析 句意为：随着越来越多的人把低碳生活方式付诸实践，近年来煤的消耗量下降了。设空处作主语，其前有冠词the，应用名词。故填consumption。
2.This chemistry class is about the ________ （react） of metals with oxygen and our teacher shows us
how iron reacts_____ air and water.
reaction
with
解析 句意为：这节化学课是关于金属和氧气在一起的反应的，老师给我们展示铁与水和空气是怎样起反应的。第一个空前有定冠词the修饰，设空处作about的宾语，应用名词形式，故填reaction;react with为固定搭配，意为“与……起化学反应”，故第二个空填with。
3.Originating from the Yellow River, the Yangshao Culture is considered as an important stream of
Chinese civilisation and is widely known for its _________ （advance） pottery-making technology.
advanced
解析 句意为：仰韶文化起源于黄河，被认为是中华文明的重要支流，以其先进的制陶技术而闻名。设空处修饰名词technology，应用形容词，此处表示“先进的”。故填advanced。
4.Evidence of a link between _________ （expose） to sun and skin cancer has been found.
exposure
解析 句意为：有证据表明在阳光下暴晒与皮肤癌之间存在关联。设空处作介词between的宾语，应用名词形式。故填exposure。
5.It's time we should get rid___ all these old toys.
of
解析 句意为：是时候扔掉所有这些旧玩具了。get rid of意为“扔掉；摆脱；除去”，为固定搭配。故填of。
6.The royal family consists___ the king and queen and their relations.
of
解析 句意为：皇室由国王、王后和他们的亲戚组成。consist of意为“由……组成”，为固定搭配。故填of。
【知识拓展】consist of无被动语态，也不用于进行时态。
7.I am extremely optimistic ______ the future of the craft.The younger generation have a real sense of
cultural heritage.
about
解析 句意为：我对这门手艺的未来非常乐观。年轻一代对文化遗产有真正的感受。be optimistic about为固定搭配，意为“对……感到乐观”。故填about。
8.We all know smoking can cause lots of problems, both to smokers and the people passively ________
（expose） to it, especially children.
exposed
解析 句意为：我们都知道吸烟会给吸烟者和被动接触香烟的人造成很多疾病，尤其是儿童。设空处作后置定语，修饰people，应用非谓语动词；expose与people之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故填过去分词形式。expose sb to sth为固定用法，表示“使某人暴露于某环境中”。
9.Extra skills may be needed to cope _____ the new technology and more than half of the bosses are
already taking steps to train their workforce.
with
解析 句意为：应对新技术可能需要额外的技能，超过一半的老板已经在采取措施培训员工。cope with为固定搭配，意为“应对；对付”。故填with。
10.Chinese government has made significant efforts ________ （save） the panda from extinction,
establishing more reserves and increasing the reserve area three times.
to save
解析 句意为：中国政府作出了巨大努力，保护大熊猫不会灭绝，建立了更多的保护区，并将保护区域的面积扩大了三倍。make efforts to do sth为固定搭配，意为“努力做某事”。故填to save。
根据提示补全或翻译句子。
1.她只是坐在那里，既吃惊又生气，不知道如何应对这个意外事件。（react）
Surprised and angry, she just sat there, without knowing _____ ___ ______ ___ the unexpected accident.
how
to
react
to
2.该公司总裁告诉记者，公司希望在六到九个月之间控制局势。
The company's chairman told reporters it hopes to ______ ____ _________ ______ _______ in six to
nine months.
bring
the
situation
under
control
3.同时，我们正在研究塑料丢弃带来的影响。
___ ____ __________, we're looking at the effects plastics have when they are thrown away.
In
the
meantime
4.应该禁止人们使用塑料袋以消除白色污染。（prohibit; eliminate）
_______________________________________________________________________.
People should be prohibited from using plastic bags to eliminate white pollution
5.无论你捡到了什么，一定要还给失主。
____ _______ ______ you have picked up, you must give it back to _________ it belongs to.
No
matter
what
whoever
解析 引导让步状语从句用“no matter+疑问词”或者“疑问词+-ever”都可以，而“疑问词+-ever”还可以引导名词性从句。
在空白处填入1个适当的单词。
1._________ exhausted he was, the firefighter still kept rescuing the villagers trapped in the flood.
However
解析 句意为：不管这位消防队员多么疲惫，他仍坚持营救被困在洪水中的村民。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，意为“无论多么”，应用However引导该从句，后接形容词exhausted。故填However。
2.__________ you travel, there is always something amazing for you to explore.
Wherever
解析 句意为：不论你去哪里旅游，总有神奇的东西值得你去探索。设空处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论哪里”，应用Wherever引导该从句。
3.No matter ______ you are good at, there's always a school club that appeals to you.
what
解析 句意为：无论你擅长什么，总有一个学校社团能吸引你。分析句子结构可知，No matter _____ 引导让步状语从句，在从句中作介词at的宾语，表示“无论什么”，应用No matter what引导该从句。
4.Personally, I think this is a touching book that everyone should read, _________ their age is.
whatever
解析 句意为：就我个人而言，我认为这是一本感人的书，无论年龄大小，每个人都应该阅读。分析句子可知，此处引导让步状语从句，从句中缺少表语，结合句意可知，此处表示“无论什么年龄（无论年龄大小）”,故填whatever。
5.___________ way you look at it, the picture just looks like a big tree.
Whichever
解析 句意为：无论你以哪种方式看，这幅图都像是一棵大树。设空处引导让步状语从句，表示“无论哪个”，应用Whichever引导该从句。
6.Today, no matter _______ Chinese people live, they can all still communicate in writing.
where
解析 句意为：今天，不论住在哪里，中国人仍然能通过书写（汉字）进行交流。no matter _____引导让步状语从句，在从句中作地点状语，表示“无论哪里”,应用no matter where引导该从句。
7.No matter ______ you have difficulty in learning, you can turn to teachers for help.
when
解析 句意为：不管你什么时候有学习困难，你都可以向老师求助。分析句子结构可知，No matter _____ 引导让步状语从句，在从句中作时间状语，表示“无论什么时候”，故用no matter when引导该从句。
8.It remains valid that _________ win the All England Badminton Championship will be rewarded
68,000 US dollars.
whoever
解析 句意为：无论谁赢得全英羽毛球锦标赛，都将获得6.8万美元的奖励,这一规定仍然有效。分析句子结构可知，It作形式主语，that从句为真正的主语，_____ win the All England Badminton Championship为that从句的主语，设空处引导主语从句，表示“无论是谁”，故用whoever引导该从句。
9._________ wants to be successful should first understand the principle that success comes from hard
effort and persistence.
Whoever
解析 句意为：无论谁想要成功都应该首先明白这个道理：成功来自艰苦的付出和坚持不懈。设空处引导主语从句，在从句中作主语，表示“无论是谁”，故用Whoever引导该从句。
10.__________ I meet with obstacles in life, I will always find my mother supporting me, _________ it
takes.
Whenever
whatever
解析 句意为：在生活中，不论我何时遇到阻碍，我总会发现母亲不惜一切代价地支持我。第一个空引导时间状语从句，表示“无论何时；每当”，应用Whenever引导该从句；第二个空引导让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”，应用whatever引导该从句。
[江苏常熟中学2023高二调研] &31& 体裁：说明文 &32& 题材：环境保护 &33& 词数：201 &34& 难度：&35& &36& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
With about half of the vast country covered in wilderness, China is the world's third most species-
rich country.Therefore, China's 1. . （achieve） in biodiversity conservation and wilderness
protection are important to the future of global biodiversity conservation.The vital biodiversity,
2. . （combine） with a large population, has led the government to reconsider its protected
area system and transform some wilderness areas such as the rainforest in Hainan 3. . formal
national parks.The new national park system will make it more practical 4. . （preserve）
habitats and species.The aim is to preserve biodiversity and ensure a 5. . （harmony）
relation between humans and nature.The national parks cross China's vast ecosystems, from the Hainan
Tropical Rainforest National Park in the south 6. . the Hainan gibbon—a critically endangered
species lives, the Giant Panda National Park, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park, the
achievements
combined
into
to preserve
harmonious
where
Wuyi Mountain National Park to the Sanjiangyuan National Park on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau—7. .
source of the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Lancang River.The diversity of species and
habitats under protection 8. . （reflect） in these parks' names.The national parks are open to
all.Visitors can make reservations online in advance 9. . book on the spot.They should acquire a little
local knowledge to get 10. . （they） ready for the amazing trip and maximise their
enjoyment.
the
is reflected
or
themselves
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对未来全球生物多样性保护具有重要意义。
1._____________
achievements
解析 句意为：因此，中国在生物多样性保护和荒野保护方面取得的成就对未来全球生物多样性保护具有重要意义。设空处在句中作主语，且设空处前有名词所有格修饰，后有介词，故设空处应用名词；根据谓语动词are可知，句子的主语应为复数形式。故填achievements。
2.__________
combined
解析 句意为：至关重要的生物多样性，加上庞大的人口，促使政府重新考虑其保护区体系，并将一些荒野地区，如海南的热带雨林，转变为正式的国家公园。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语，设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语，combine和其逻辑主语The vital biodiversity之间是被动关系，应用过去分词。故填combined。
3._____
into
解析 句意见上一题解析。transform… into… 为固定搭配，意为“把……转变成……”。故填into。
4.___________
to preserve
解析 句意为：新的国家公园系统将使保护栖息地和物种更加切实可行。分析句子结构可知，此处为“make+it+形容词+不定式”结构，make后接不定式作宾语，宾补为形容词时，常用it作形式宾语，把不定式后移。故填to preserve。
5.___________
harmonious
解析 句意为：其目的是保护生物多样性，确保人与自然之间的和谐关系。设空处后为名词，设空处应用形容词作定语。故填harmonious。
6._______
where
解析 句意为：这些国家公园横跨中国广阔的生态系统，从南方生活着极度濒危物种海南长臂猿的海南热带雨林国家公园，到大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、武夷山国家公园，再到位于黄河、长江和澜沧江源头的青藏高原上的三江源国家公园。设空处引导定语从句，先行词为the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park，关系词在句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导该从句。故填where。
7.____
the
解析 句意见上一题解析。根据空后的of the Yellow River… 可知，此处表示特指，应用定冠词。故填the。
8.___________
解析 句意为：这些公园的名字反映了受保护的物种和栖息地的多样性。设空处在句中作谓语，reflect和句子的主语之间是被动关系；此处为陈述客观事实，应用一般现在时，故设空处应为一般现在时的被动语态；主语为The diversity of species and habitats under protection，为单数概念，谓语应用第三人称单数形式。故填is reflected。
is reflected
9.___
or
解析 句意为：游客可以提前在网上预订或现场预订。设空处表示选择，意为“或；还是”。故填or。
10.___________
themselves
解析 句意为：他们应该掌握一些当地的知识，为这次奇妙的旅行做好准备，并最大限度地享受旅行的乐趣。主语They和宾语是同一对象，应用反身代词作get的宾语。故填themselves。
[广东江门2023高二期末] A
&37& 体裁：说明文 &38& 题材：宇宙探索 &39& 词数：343 &40& 难度：&41& &42& 建议用时：7分钟
It seems that we are one step closer to finding alien life and maybe a future home for humanity.Scientists from NASA have found a new solar system filled with planets that look like the Earth and could even support life.
The group of seven planets, which orbits a star called TRAPPIST-1, is about 39.13 light years away from the Earth in the constellation of Aquarius （水瓶座）.And three of them are in the “habitable zone”—the area around a star where water is most likely to be found.This is important because water is necessary for life.
“This is an amazing planetary （行星的） system, not only because we have found so many planets, but because they are all surprisingly similar in size to the Earth,” lead study author Michael Gillon from the University of Liège in Belgium told The Independent.
TRAPPIST-1 is a “dwarf star （矮星）” which is colder and dimmer than our sun.If a person were on one of the seven planets, he would find everything looks a lot darker than usual.The amount of light heading towards our eyes would be about 200 times less than we get from the sun, according to The Independent.
Because of that, TRAPPIST-1, together with many other dwarf stars, was never on the list of places where scientists looked for alien life.But Michael Gillon decided to give dwarf stars a chance.He built a telescope in Chile to observe 60 of the closest dwarf stars, and it turned out that TRAPPIST-1 was worthy of the effort.
The researchers hope that they can spend more time watching the newly found planets to learn more about them.Even though more research is needed before determining whether these planets could really support life, the discovery is still encouraging.It shows just how many Earth-size planets could be out there.
“The discovery gives us a hint that finding a second Earth is not just a matter of if, but when,” NASA scientist Thomas Zurbuchen told The Telegraph.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的科学家们发现了一个新的太阳系，这个新的太阳系中有数颗看起来像地球一样，甚至可能会支持生命生存的行星，研究人员认为他们需要进一步观测和研究这些行星。
1.Why is this new planetary system amazing ( )
A
A.The size of the planets is similar to that of the Earth.
B.It has the same number of planets as our solar system.
C.Scientists have found alien life in the new solar system.
D.The planets are more suitable for humans to live on than the Earth.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的This is an amazing planetary system, not only because we have found so many planets, but because they are all surprisingly similar in size to the Earth可知，这个新的行星系统令人惊叹是因为其中的行星在大小上与地球惊人地相似。故选A项。
2.What does the underlined word “dimmer” in Paragraph 4 mean ( )
C
A.Stronger. B.Larger. C.Less bright. D.Less beautiful.
解析 词义猜测题。根据第四段中的If a person were on one of the seven planets, he would find everything looks a lot darker than usual.可知，此句是对前句的解释，由此可知，dimmer与darker同义，意为“更暗的”。故选C项。
3.Why didn't other scientists observe dwarf stars ( )
C
A.It is impossible to find alien life on the planets orbiting TRAPPIST-1 and other dwarf stars.
B.Scientists did not find a good place to observe dwarf stars according to the passage.
C.TRAPPIST-1 and other dwarf stars don't provide as much heat and light as our sun can.
D.Scientists have observed dwarf stars, but they failed to find the possibility of survival.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的The amount of light heading towards our eyes would be about 200 times less than we get from the sun以及第五段中的Because of that, TRAPPIST-1, together with many other dwarf stars, was never on the list of places where scientists looked for alien life.可知，科学家们不观测矮星主要是因为TRAPPIST-1和其他矮星不能像太阳一样提供足够的热量和光。故选C项。
4.What is the main idea of this text ( )
D
A.Scientists have found a second Earth. B.People will move to another planet soon.
C.Scientists are planning to explore another planet.
D.A new solar system may become home for humans.
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段内容可知，这篇文章主要介绍了美国国家航空航天局的科学家们发现了一个新的太阳系，它或许是人类未来的家园。故选D项。
B
&43& 体裁：说明文 &44& 题材：环境保护 &45& 词数：333 &46& 难度：&47& &48& 建议用时：8分钟
Most cities were built on rivers.People originally settled in Paris because of the Seine, and in London for the Thames.A third of New York City's surface area is water.For centuries, city folk used rivers for shipping, fishing and play.In a rare city without a big river, Johannesburg says—you notice its absence.
Yet with the development of technology, we have ignored urban rivers.The Industrial Revolution ruined rivers for more than a century.Huge new urban populations filled them with waste water, factory emissions （排放物） and harmful gases of ships.In Newcastle in the early 1800s, salmon （鲑鱼） had been so plentiful in the River Tyne that apprentices （学徒） were said to have terms in their contracts stating that their masters shouldn't make them eat it every day.By the 1950s, the salmon were gone.
However, in recent decades, cities began cleaning up rivers.The Thames is now the cleanest it has been in 150 years and has seals and the occasional whale, sometimes alive.In cities like Chicago,
riverside storehouses have been turned into fashionable restaurants and waterfront apartments.All in all, the latest trend is to change urban waterways into the natural play space so lacking in most cities.
But rivers also need to regain their original purpose as transport centres.Passenger traffic may decrease as an urban issue if working at home becomes the norm in the future.But there's one form of urban traffic that just keeps growing: deliveries.Imagine using the enormous capacity of shipping to take delivery trucks off the roads.One of the newer Thames barges （驳船） with a capacity of 1,750 tons can replace 44 large trucks, which uses much less energy and causes less noise pollution.In other words, we need to turn truck drivers into barge captains.
Rivers are the reason our cities are where they are.We just forgot about them.
management.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了河流曾经是人类城市的发源地，但是随着科技的发展，河流受到了严重的污染。近几十年来，人类意识到了这个问题，开始治理河流污染，并取得了显著的效果。
1.What is Paragraph 1 mainly about ( )
B
A.The reason for the rise and fall of cities. B.The importance of rivers to cities.
C.The changes in cities along the rivers. D.The locations of the famous rivers.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段内容可知，第一段主要讲了大多数城市都依河而建，河流对城市居民而言起到了运输、捕鱼、娱乐的作用，故第一段主要介绍了河流对城市的重要性。故选B项。
2.Why are apprentices mentioned in Paragraph 2 ( )
C
A.To indicate masters were generous to them.
B.To blame them for the mass extinction of salmon.
C.To imply the River Tyne was in good condition then.
D.To praise their contributions to the Industrial Revolution.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的Huge new urban populations filled them with waste water, factory emissions and harmful gases of ships.In Newcastle in the early 1800s, salmon had been so plentiful in the River Tyne that apprentices were said to have terms in their contracts stating that their masters shouldn't make them eat it every day.By the 1950s, the salmon were gone.可知，这里提到学徒们主要是为了暗示泰恩河那时因未受污染而状况良好。故选C项。
3.What has happened over the past decades ( )
C
A.Waterfront apartments have been torn down.
B.Amusement parks have sprung up along urban rivers.
C.Riverside storehouses have served as places of leisure.
D.Waterways have been filled with emissions and abandoned ships.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段内容可知，在过去的几十年里，城市开始清理河流，河边的仓库已成为时尚餐厅这样的休闲场所和滨水公寓。故选C项。
4.What might the author agree to do ( )
A
A.Use barges to make deliveries. B.Lay off truck drivers gradually.
C.Decrease working time at home. D.Speed up smart urban traffic
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的One of the newer Thames barges with a capacity of 1,750 tons can replace 44 large trucks, which uses much less energy and causes less noise pollution.In other words, we need to turn truck drivers into barge captains.可推知，作者同意使用驳船来运送货物。故选A项。
&49& 体裁：记叙文 &50& 题材：人物故事 &51& 词数：250 &52& 难度：&53& &54& 建议用时：12分钟
Jackson lived on top of a hill. From his house, he could see the sea and the village below. One day, Jackson . .1. . something different about the sea. The sea seemed to be moving from the . .2. .. None of the villagers knew what was happening.
Jackson understood what was going on. He had seen such a（n） . .3. . when he was young. A tsunami （海啸） was approaching and the villagers had to be . .4. . but there was no time to send a message to the whole village.
“Tom!” he . .5. . to his grandson, “Light a torch quickly!” The boy did what he was told. Jackson took the torch and set his house on fire. Immediately, red . .6. . shot upwards and thick smoke rose into the sky.
Tom cried out, “Grandfather! Why are you setting our house on fire ”Jackson did not answer.Instead, he stood quietly and watched the villagers. Suddenly, some villagers noticed the . .7. . and shouted at everyone else to run up the hill to help put out the fire. When Jackson saw everyone running towards
him, he was so . .8. .. The villagers did their best but they . .9. . to control the fire. Jackson's house was completely burnt down but he stood on the hill . .10. .. The villagers thought Jackson had gone . .11. ..They stared at him in disbelief.
Finally, Jackson said, “. .12. . towards the sea.” The villagers turned and saw a huge . .13. . of water rushing towards the village. They were shocked to see the water . .14. . the whole village and destroying everything in its . .15. ..
Nothing was left of their homes but everyone was safe on the hill. The villagers realised why Jackson had set fire to his house.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲了一位住在山顶的老者为了通知山脚下的村民海啸到来的消息，急中生智，点燃了自己的房子，引来村民们帮助灭火，从而躲过了海啸的故事。
1.( )A.recognised B.noticed C.overlooked D.expected
B
解析 句意为：一天，杰克逊注意到大海有些不同。notice意为“注意到”，故选B项。
2.( )A.land B.hill C.sky D.village
A
解析 由下文中的A tsunami was approaching可知发生了海啸，海啸的时候巨浪掀起，如一堵水墙拔地而起，似乎是在地面上移动，故选A项。
3.( )A.sight B.chance C.alarm D.plot
A
解析 海啸到来时巨浪翻滚是一种景象，sight意为“景象”。故选A项。
4.( )A.found B.persuaded C.taught D.warned
D
解析 根据后半句中的send a message可知是要警告村民有危险，warn意为“提醒；警告”，符合语境。故选D项。
5.( )A.reached out B.figured out C.called out D.made out
C
解析 根据两个感叹号可推断杰克逊是在大喊，call out意为“大声呼叫”，故选C项。
6.( )A.balls B.candles C.signals D.flames
D
解析 根据前文杰克逊点燃了房子可知，此处应是说红色的火焰升腾而起。故选D项。
7.( )A.torch B.boy C.sea D.fire
D
解析 由后面的and shouted at everyone else to run up the hill to help put out the fire可知，有些村民注意到了大火。故选D项。
8.( )A.frightened B.confused C.happy D.crazy
C
解析 杰克逊看到每个人都朝他跑过来，他达到了让大家离开村庄的目的，由此可推断他的心情是高兴的。故选C项。
9.( )A.managed B.refused C.intended D.failed
D
解析 由后一句中的Jackson's house was completely burnt down可知，村民们救火失败了，fail to do sth意为“没能做成某事”。故选D项。
10.( )A.crying B.jumping C.shouting D.laughing
D
解析 根据上文语境可知，杰克逊救人的目的达到了，他非常开心，对应的动作应是laugh。故选D项。
11.( )A.hungry B.mad C.blind D.thirsty
B
解析 杰克逊的房子被完全烧毁，但是他却站在山上大笑，所以村民们认为他发疯了。故选B项。
12.( )A.Look B.Wave C.Head D.Return
A
解析 杰克逊为了让村民们了解他的良苦用心，让他们看海啸的景象。故选A项。
13.( )A.drop B.level C.spray D.wall
D
解析 根据常识，海啸掀起巨浪，会形成一道水墙。故选D项。
14.( )A.attacking B.lapping C.swallowing D.moving
C
解析 根据后面的destroying everything可知，此处应指海啸吞没了整个村庄，swallow意为“吞没”。故选C项。
15.( )A.course B.path C.shape D.power
B
解析 海水所到之处，一切尽毁，即海水摧毁了它行进道路上的一切。故选B项。
03
单元限时小卷
建议用时：58分钟
&55& 体裁：说明文 &56& 题材：文化渊源 &57& 词数：376 &58& 难度：&59& &60& 建议用时：9分钟
The dancer put a cardigan sweater over her leotard （紧身连衣裤）.Then she sat down to eat a sandwich.Cardigan, leotard, sandwich—where did these words come from Did you know that each of them was a person's name Words referring to a person or thing, or the name of a person or thing, from which a place, an invention or a discovery gets its name are called eponyms （名祖）, and there are many eponyms in English.
The sandwich, for example, was named for John Montagu, the 4th Earl （伯爵） of Sandwich.He lived from 1718 to 1792.He loved to play cards and did not want to stop a game even to eat.By putting cold meat between two pieces of bread, he could eat while he played.
The cardigan sweater was named for an officer in the British Army.In the 1800s, James Thomas Brudenell, the 7th Earl of Cardigan, spent his own money buying special knitted （针织的） jackets for the men in his army.Knitted jackets with buttons soon came to be called cardigans.
Jules Leotard was a French circus performer.In 1859, at the age of twenty-one, Leotard performed the first mid-air somersault （空翻）.He became known as the daring young man on the flying trapeze （高空秋千）.Leotard invented a close-fitting one-piece suit to wear when he performed.Dancers now still call their close-fitting garments leotards.
Another example was Amelia Bloomer.Bloomer was the editor of a magazine called The Lily.American women in her day were expected to wear heavy skirts that dragged on the floor.In 1851, a young woman named Elizabeth Smith Miller introduced a new kind of clothing that was much easier to move around in.She wore a dress that came only to the knees.Under it she wore loose pants that fitted close at the ankles.Amelia Bloomer published a picture of the outfit （全套服装） in The Lily.She hoped women would adopt the new style.In news stories, reporters called the pants “bloomers”.Over a hundred years later, people were still using the word.
There are many other words that come from people's names.Where each word came from is a story in itself.Maybe your name will become a word someday.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了英语中源自人名或名称的英文单词。
1.Why did the 4th Earl of Sandwich invent the “sandwich” ( )
D
A.He found it boring to play cards. B.He preferred to eat meat and bread.
C.He wanted to create a new kind of food. D.He could eat while playing cards without stopping.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的He loved to play cards and did not want to stop a game even to eat.By putting cold meat between two pieces of bread, he could eat while he played.可知，桑威奇伯爵发明了“三明治”是因为他可以一边打牌一边吃东西，不用停止游戏。故选D项。
2.According to the text, what does the underlined word “bloomers” in Paragraph 5 refer to ( )
B
A.Loose dresses. B.Loose pants worn under a dress.
C.Dresses that came to the knees. D.Heavy skirts that dragged on the floor.
解析 词义猜测题。根据倒数第二段中的She wore a dress that came only to the knees.Under it she wore loose pants that fitted close at the ankles.和In news stories, reporters called the pants “bloomers”.可知，她穿的裙子只到膝盖，在裙子下面，她穿了一条到脚踝的宽松的裤子。在新闻报道中，记者们称这种裤子为“bloomers”。由此可知bloomers指的是连衣裙下方穿的宽松的裤子。故选B项。
3.What do the words “cardigan”, “leotard” and “sandwich” have in common ( )
A
A.They are still in use today. B.They were first used in the army.
C.They belong to the clothing category. D.They were invented during the same period.
解析 推理判断题。第一段中的The dancer put a cardigan sweater over her leotard.Then she sat down to eat a sandwich.是文章开篇描述事实的句子，接下来开始介绍cardigan, leotard和sandwich这三个词的来历，由此可推断出，这三个词的共同之处在于它们至今仍在被使用。故选A项。
4.What might be the best title for this passage ( )
B
A.Ways to Remember Words B.Words That Come From People's Names
C.The History of Clothing Development D.The Unknown Stories Behind English Words
解析 主旨大意题。根据文章内容，尤其是第一段最后一句可知，文章主要介绍了英语中源自人名或名称的英文单词，B项（来自人名的单词）可作为本文的最佳标题。故选B项。
[山东滨州2023高二期中] &61& 体裁：说明文 &62& 题材：科普知识 &63& 词数：266 &64& 难度：&65& &66& 建议用时：8分钟
Asking for help can feel scary.We may worry that the request will be rejected or that it will be a
burden to the helper.1. . And afterwards, they often feel better about having helped than we expect.
Scientists conducted a series of experiments.Altogether, more than 2,100 people were involved in the
research.In one experiment, participants had to ask strangers to take photos for them at a public
botanical garden.In another, participants answered questions about times when they had either asked for
or given help.Researchers had the “askers” guess how the “helpers” might feel about the request.2. .
In each experiment, people who asked for help underestimated the helpers' willingness to assist and
how good they would feel afterwards.3. . However, only 4 out of 100 people refused to take the photo,
and those who did take one said they felt relatively good about doing this helpful act for a stranger.
4. . Aiding others can create what is known as a “helper's high”, reducing stress and providing a
sense of meaning and connection.“We feel good making a positive difference in other people's lives,”
E
B
G
D
said Xuan Zhao, co-author of the new study.
Despite these benefits, the study authors said that askers' fears functioned like “barriers”, stopping
them from making a request.They noted that the type of request and cultural differences could affect the
way people react.The study's results suggest, however, that people are usually happy to lend a hand.5. .
Zhao said this research should provide some reassurance because “you might be really underestimating
how willing others are to help.”
F
A.The askers expressed rather different opinions.
B.Then they asked the helpers how they actually felt.
C.Studies show that helping someone out makes both feel good.
D.Past research has shown that doing kind acts can boost people's health.
E.But new research shows that people are more willing to help out than we think.
F.Experts say that if asking for help feels uncomfortable, it can be useful to practise.
G.For example, askers expected strangers to feel inconvenienced by a request to take a photo.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家们进行了一系列实验后得出结论：当人们请求他人帮助时，对方通常乐于伸出援手。
1.___
E
解析 前文We may worry that the request will be rejected or that it will be a burden to the helper.说的是人们对求助的担心；后文中的And afterwards, they often feel better about having helped than we expect.说的是他人对帮助别人的感觉往往比我们预期的要好。由此可知，设空处应承上启下，由上文提到担心会被拒绝和下文提到比预期效果要好可以推测设空处的句子表示转折，E项符合语境。故选E项。
2.___
B
解析 根据前文中的In another, participants answered questions about times when they had either asked for or given help.Researchers had the “askers” guess how the “helpers” might feel about the request.可知，设空处的句子应与之承接，B项中的helpers与上文中的“helpers”对应，符合语境。故选B项。
3.___
G
解析 根据设空处前一句和设空处后一句可知，设空处应举例说明人们往往会低估他人乐于提供帮助的程度，且该例子与“照相”有关，G项中的a request to take a photo与后文中的refused to take the photo相呼应，符合语境。故选G项。
4.___
D
解析 根据后文中的Aiding others can create what is known as a “helper's high”, reducing stress and providing a sense of meaning and connection.可知，设空处的句子应引出下文，D项中的boost people's health和后文中的reducing stress and providing a sense of meaning and connection相呼应，符合语境。故选D项。
5.___
F
解析 根据前文中的Despite these benefits, the study authors said that askers' fears functioned like “barriers”, stopping them from making a request.可知，人们在求助时有所顾虑。再根据The study's results suggest, however, that people are usually happy to lend a hand.可知，人们通常都愿意帮忙。后文Zhao said this research should provide some reassurance because “you might be really underestimating how willing others are to help.”再次指出人们有多么愿意帮忙，所以此空应鼓励人们多实践，也就是尽量去求助，F项符合语境。故选F项。
[江苏苏州2022高二期中] &67& 体裁：记叙文 &68& 题材：个人经历 &69& 词数：299 &70& 难度：&71& &72& 建议用时：14分钟
Simone is sitting in front of me and crying.She looks away, embarrassed.“Sorry, doctor,” she says, “I shouldn't be . .1. . your time like this.” At that moment, though, I couldn't think of anyone. .2. . who was more deserving of my time.Many of my patients are in desperate . .3. . not just because of ill health but because of their . .4. . problems.
As any doctor can tell you, poverty and illnesses are closely . .5. ..But coming face to face with poverty in the form of Simone is. .6. . me.Each week, . .7. . her rent and electricity bill are paid, she has only$20 left to live on.From this she has to buy food and clothes, travel and pay all other . .8. ..
Simone is . .9. . that her daughter will have every opportunity in life and searches charity shops for books for her daughter.Six months ago, . .10. ., Simone was involved in a road traffic accident and this seems to have been the last straw.Although she. .11. . to work, she slid into depression.She went to a GP （全科医生） who then . .12. . her to me to see what help I could give.The referral letter from the GP
had suggested that I should prescribe a suitable pill, but it is the . .13. . truth that there is no pill that can make Simone's situation better.
But today Simone is crying not because of the bad situation.She is crying because she is overwhelmed by a stranger's. .14. ..One of the administration staff in the outpatient clinic has just won a $20 voucher （代金券） and given it to Simone so that she could . .15. . her daughter, who often waits in the department while her mother sees me.That act of kindness and generosity from a stranger has made all the difference to Simone.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章从一位医生的角度讲述了自己的患者西蒙娜同时遭受疾病和贫困折磨，因为收到陌生人给的20美元代金券而激动落泪的故事。
1.( )A.mounting up B.taking up C.summing up D.brightening up
B
解析 由后文deserving of my time可知，虽然西蒙娜认为自己不应该这样占据作者的时间，可作者认为这是值得的。take up意为“占据”，故选B。
2.( )A.only B.instead C.rather D.else
D
解析 根据语境可知，此处表示西蒙娜认为自己占用了作者的时间，但作者认为花费时间与她交谈是值得的，此处表示“我认为没有其他人比她更值得我付出时间”。故选D。
3.( )A.discussion B.complaint C.need D.anxiety
C
解析 由后文可知，许多身患疾病但经济状况不好的病人都急需帮助。故选C。
4.( )A.domestic B.financial C.severe D.physical
B
解析 根据下一段中的poverty and illnesses可知，此处表示疾病与贫穷是病人的两大负担，即病人经济上有困难。故选B。
5.( )A.examined B.joined C.linked D.restricted
C
解析 根据上下文语境并结合常识可知，此处表示任何一个医生都会说贫穷和疾病是紧密相关的。故选C。
6.( )A.disturbing B.warning C.fueling D.abusing
A
解析 根据下文的Each week, _____ her rent and electricity bill are paid, she has only$20 left to live on.From this she has to buy food and clothes, travel and pay all other______.可知，西蒙娜的经济状况非常不好，故此处表示虽然很多病人都面临经济问题，但是西蒙娜的境遇让作者尤为烦恼，故选A。
7.( )A.until B.since C.before D.after
D
解析 根据后文she has only$20 left to live on可知，此处表示支付过房租和电费后，她只剩下20美元了。故选D。
8.( )A.bills B.taxes C.discounts D.sponsors
A
解析 句意为：她必须用这些钱买食物、买衣服、交通出行和支付所有其他账单。根据上文From this she has to buy food and clothes, travel可知，她只能用剩下的20美元去支付其他的账单。故选A。
9.( )A.opposed B.determined C.glad D.worried
B
解析 句意为：西蒙娜决心让女儿在生活中拥有一切机会，并在慈善商店为女儿寻找书籍。根据下文中的searches charity shops for books for her daughter 可知，西蒙娜决心让她的女儿拥有一切机会，所以她去慈善商店给她的女儿搜寻书籍。故选B。
10.( )A.afterwards B.therefore C.however D.moreover
C
解析 句意为：然而六个月前，西蒙娜卷入了一场道路交通事故，这似乎是压垮骆驼的最后一根稻草。这里指当她想要为女儿的未来付出自己的努力时，不幸却发生了。表转折用however，故选C。
11.( )A.hesitated B.agreed C.continued D.stopped
C
解析 根据上下文可知，此处表示事故发生之后，虽然她还是坚持继续（continue）去工作，但她陷入了抑郁。故选C。
12.( )A.mentioned B.referred C.distributed D.adjusted
B
解析 句意为：她去看全科医生，然后全科医生把她介绍给我，看我能给她什么帮助。根据下文中的to see what help I could give可知，全科医生将她介绍给了作者，让作者帮助她。refer sb to sb意为“把某人介绍给某人（以获得帮助）”。这里意思是把西蒙娜介绍给作者，与后文The referral letter相呼应，故选B。
13.( )A.limited B.sad C.simple D.accurate
B
解析 句意为：全科医生的转诊信中建议我开一种合适的药，但可悲的事实是，没有一种药能让西蒙娜的情况好转。根据后文可知，没有药物能够改善西蒙娜的状况。the sad truth意为“悲伤的事实”，故选B。
14.( )A.disability B.poverty C.kindness D.suggestion
C
解析 句意为：她哭是因为她被一个陌生人的善良感动了。根据最后一句中的kindness and generosity可知，此处指她被陌生人的善良感动了，故选C。
15.( )A.amuse B.handle C.affect D.treat
D
解析 句意为：门诊部的一名管理人员刚刚赢得了一张20美元的代金券，并把它给了西蒙娜，让她犒劳她的女儿，她的女儿经常在西蒙娜找我看病时在门诊部等候。有了这位陌生人给的20美元代金券，西蒙娜就可以好好犒劳她的女儿了，故选D。
[福建三明一中2023高二期中] &73& 体裁：记叙文 &74& 题材：人物故事 &75& 词数：165 &76& 难度：&77& &78& 建议用时：7分钟
Aircraft designer Gu Songfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhong 1. . （award） the
State Preeminent Science and Technology Award, China's top science award, in 2021.They received the
prize for their outstanding contributions to 2. . （science） and technological innovation.
Born in 1930, Gu is 3. . respected aircraft designer.He established the country's aircraft
aerodynamic design system, pioneered the independent development of fighter aircrafts, and 4. .
（continue） to carry out aviation strategic research, 5. . made a significant contribution to China's
aviation science and technology.Gu now serves as senior consultant at the Aviation Industry Corporation
of China and honorary dean of the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment.
Born in 1935, Wang is a 6. . （distinguish） scholar and strategic scientist in
international nuclear energy.He has been committed 7. . developing advanced nuclear energy systems
with inherent safety 8. . （feature）.He has helped China make great leaps in the development of
high-temperature gas-cooled reactor technology, 9. . （lay） an important foundation for the
country to step into the forefront 10. . （global） in the field of advanced nuclear energy.
were awarded
scientific
a
continued
which
distinguished
to
features
laying
globally
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了飞机设计师顾诵芬和核能专家王大中的事迹。
1._____________
were awarded
解析 句意为：飞机设计师顾诵芬和核专家王大中于2021年被授予国家最高科学技术奖这一中国科学领域最高奖项。分析句子成分可知，设空处在句中作谓语；根据in 2021可知，时态为一般过去时；主语Aircraft designer Gu Songfen and nuclear expert Wang Dazhong和动词award之间为被动关系，且主语为复数概念。故填were awarded。
2._________
scientific
解析 设空处和technological是两个并列定语，修饰名词innovation，应用形容词。故填scientific。
3.___
a
解析 句意为：顾诵芬出生于1930年，是一位受人尊敬的飞机设计师。结合语境可知，此处为泛指，表示“一位受人尊敬的飞机设计师”。应用不定冠词；respected的发音以辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a。
4.__________
continued
解析 句意为：他建立了国家飞机空气动力设计体系，率先自主研制了战斗机，并继续开展航空战略研究，为中国的航空科技作出了重大贡献。此处and连接并列的谓语动词，根据上文的established和pioneered可知，设空处应用一般过去时，故填continued。
5._______
which
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话，关系词在从句中作主语，故填关系代词which。
6.____________
distinguished
解析 句意为：王大中出生于1935年，是国际核能领域的著名学者、战略科学家。修饰名词scholar应用形容词distinguished，作定语。
7.___
to
解析 句意为：他一直致力于开发具有固有安全特性的先进核能系统。be committed to doing sth意为“尽心尽力做某事”。故填to。
8.________
features
解析 句意见上一题解析。feature为可数名词，且根据语境，此处表示复数概念，应用复数形式。故填features。
9._______
laying
解析 句意为：他帮助中国在高温气冷堆技术的发展上取得了巨大的飞跃，为中国在先进核能领域迈入世界前列奠定了重要基础。分析句子成分可知，句中已有谓语动词helped，与设空处之间无连词连接，故设空处应用非谓语动词形式，此处作结果状语，表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词。故填laying。
10.________
globally
解析 句意见上一题解析。此处修饰step into the forefront，应用副词globally。
[辽宁协作校2023高二期中] &79& 难度：&80& &81& 建议用时：20分钟
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
I made it all the way to the fifth grade before anyone （except me） realised that I couldn't see twenty feet in front of me.Our school had vision screenings （视力普查） every year but somehow I had managed to fake good vision and pass the tests.
But then in the fifth grade, I failed.It was my turn to go into the screening room, and I nervously took my seat in front of the testing machine.The nurse told me to look into the little black machine and tell her which direction the letter E's legs were pointing.Barely able to make out the black spot of an E, I made a guess: “Right, left, left, up, down, up, left, right”.I looked up at her.
She studied my face for a moment.Then she said, “Could you repeat that ”
I panicked.I'd never been asked to repeat it.And I hadn't memorised the guess I'd just made up.I was trapped.So, I looked into the machine again and made up another sequence of guesses.I glanced over at the nurse, who was leaning forward with a frown on her face.
“You have no idea which way they're facing, do you ” she asked.
“Not really,” I confessed.
“Can you even see the E at all ” she asked.
“Sort of… no,” I admitted.
“Then why didn't you just say so ” she demanded.
I didn't respond.I thought the answer was obvious.Glasses in the fifth grade were a social death sentence.I would become a joke in my class.The nurse sent me home with a note for my mother that said I needed to visit the eye doctor because I'd failed the vision test.The trip home today was very slow.
My mother （who wears glasses） said it would all be just fine.It wouldn't hurt a bit, she said.But I wasn't worried about pain—I was worried about looking like Super Geek （怪人）.
注意：续写词数应为150左右。
The next day, my mother dragged me to the eye doctor's office.___
But then Monday morning came, and I had to face what I feared: the kids in the classroom.____
【写作提示】
1.材料导读
材料大意 本文讲述了作者从小视力就不太好，但作者不敢佩戴眼镜，因为怕被同学嘲笑，但是五年级
的视力检查使这件事暴露了出来，于是她只能在妈妈的强迫下去配眼镜。本没做好准备的她
戴上眼镜后发现了全新的美好世界，原以为会嘲笑她的同学们朝她微笑，甚至因为看得清楚
黑板，她上课第一次主动举手回答问题。作者试图告诉我们不要惧怕什么，可能你惧怕的这
件事将为你开启一个美丽的、崭新的世界。
故事背景 日常生活
主要角色 作者（五年级学生，从小视力不好）、作者的妈妈
写作顺序 时间顺序
主要矛盾 作者如何克服自己的畏惧心理，敢于直面他人的目光。
2.续写分析
续写第一段（提示句：第二天， 我妈妈把我拽到眼科医生的办公 室。） 由第一段首句内容，再结合第二段的开头可知，作者被妈妈带到了眼
科医生的办公室，最终戴上了眼镜。第一段可以描写作者从配眼镜直
到戴上眼镜的经过。
续写第二段（提示句：但是接着 周一早上到来了，我不得不面对 我所害怕的了：教室里的同学 们。） 由第二段首句可知，第二段应描写作者戴着眼镜去上学之后发生的事
情。本段可以围绕同学对作者戴眼镜上学的反应以及作者的心态变化
来展开。
情感变化 作者：畏惧佩戴眼镜，怕被嘲笑——戴上眼镜发现能看清东西后感到
惊喜——害怕同学的目光，感到忐忑——得知同学的态度后感到自信
3.提分词句
（1）描写动作的词汇：
①成功做某事：manage to do sth/succeed in doing sth
②承认：confess/admit
（2）描写情绪的词汇：
①惊慌的：panicked/scared
②害怕的：afraid/frightened
【参考范文】
The next day, my mother dragged me to the eye doctor's office.I chose a set of frames and tried to believe my mother when she said they looked really good on me.The doctor said the glasses would be ready soon.But I wasn't ready at all.When the glasses arrived, the eye doctor put them on my face and walked me out onto the sidewalk in front of his office.Looking up from my shoes, I found myself in a whole new world—one filled with clear pictures, bright colours, and fine detail everywhere I looked.I could also see my mother smiling as she watched me see the world in a whole new way.On that first day, they were a present.
But then Monday morning came, and I had to face what I feared: the kids in the classroom.I was frightened that some naughty boys would call me “four eyes”.However, it didn't happen as I feared it would do.When I entered the classroom, Lily, m