英语必修2课件：Unit 2 English around --grammer直引和间引语

课件28张PPT。Grammar直接引语和间接引语Direct and Indirect SpeechS: My name is Sally.T: She said that her name was Sally.S: I want to be teachers when I grow up.T: She said that she wanted to be teachers when she grew up.Direct speechIndirect speech直接引语：直接引述别人的原话
间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话一、定义----什么叫做直接引语和间接引语？二、直接引语和间接引语的转化类型1) He said , “I’m going to Beijing.”
→ He said that he was going to Beijing.
2) He asked, “Are you a doctor?”
→ He asked me if /whether I was a doctor.
3) She said , “What are you doing?”
→ She asked me what I was doing.
转述他人的陈述→陈述句 的转化 转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句 的转化转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句 的转化Jane said to her friend, “I want to watch TV. ”Jane told her friends (that) she wanted to watch TV .1.陈述句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：Jane told her friends (that)she wanted to watch TV.1.said to变成told2. 用that引导间接引语，可省略3.注意人称代词和时态的变化 1.陈述句2.一般疑问句 He said, “Do you have any difficulty with English?”
He asked (me) whether/if I had any difficulty with my English. 间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序
They asked him＋if/whether＋It is easy to improve the condition of the soil.it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.They asked him if /whether it was easy to improve the condition of the soil.2.一般疑问句从直接引语到间接引语的解题步骤：They said to him, " Is it easy to improve the condition of the soil?"3：间接引语改成
陈述句语序1：主句改为asked2：用if/whether引导间接引语，表示“是否”4：注意时态问题 Tom asked me, “Are you going to learn English?”
Tom asked whether/if I was going to learn English.3.特殊疑问句 He said to me，“What's your name?”
He asked me what my name was. 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序改为陈述句语序
特殊疑问句：
“When do you harvest the wheat ?” they asked him.
( They asked him )They asked himWhenyou harvest the wheatyou harvest the wheat.heharvestedThey asked him when he harvested the wheat.2. “Why were you late again?” The teacher said to me.
The teacher asked me why I was late again.1．Tom asked me, “ Who is your brother?” Tom asked me who my brother is. 4.选择疑问句 He asked, “Do you speak English or French?”
He asked me whether I spoke English or French.
I asked, “Will you take bus or take train?”
I asked him whether he would take bus or take train. 用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…
5.祈使句
直接引语是祈使句时，用ask / tell / order sb. ( not ) to do sth. 句式。
“Please come with me, Tom,” said the teacher.
-----The teacher asked Tom to go with him.
“Don’t run so quickly,” Mr. Black said to him.
----- Mr. Black told him not to run so quickly.　直接引语→间接引语（陈述句／一般疑问句／特殊疑问句）
　四部走：
　１．做判断
　２．变人称(和中文里的逻辑是一样的，要符合常理)
　３．变时态
　４．变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语及方位性动词特殊一般现在时
一般过去时The boy said
that he liked
the teacher.The boy said,
“ I like the
teacher.”现在进行时
过去进行时He said,“ I
am watching
TV.”He said that
he was
watching TV.现在完成时
过去完成时Tom said,“ I
have drunk
the milk.”Tom said that
he had drunk
the milk.一般过去时
过去完成时They said that they had seen her in the street. They said,
“We saw her
in the street.”过去完成时
不变He said,“ I
had finished
my work
before lunch.”He said that he had finished
his work before lunch.一般将来时
过去将来时Tom said,“
I’ ll do it
tomorrow.”Tom said that
he would do
it tomorrow.The geography teacher told us that the sun rises in the east and sets in the west.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变The geography teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.”She says that she’ll never forget the days in the country.2. 如果直接引语所强调的动作或者状态现在仍然存在，时态可不变
Miss Zhang said, “I am a teacher.”Miss Zhang said she is a teacher.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。She says, “I’ll never forget the days in the country.” 主句的谓语动词可直接用引语
中的said, 也可用told来代替，
注意，可以说said that,
said to sb. that, told sb. that，
不可直接说told that 直接引语 间接引语
指示代词 时 间 状 语 地点状语 方向性动词 this, that, these those
now, then, today that day
this week that week yesterday the day before
last week the week before
four days ago four days before the day before yesterday two days before
tomorrow the next day
next month the next month
here there
come, go,bring take shouldshould（不变）wouldwould（不变）mightmight（不变）couldcould（不变）must/had to直接引语和间接引语(二)
祈使句变间接引语的用法
一.1）直接引语如果是肯定的祈使句，变为间接引语时，在动词不定式之前用tell(让)，ask(请)，order(命令)，command(命令)，warn(警告)，advise(建议)等含有祈使意义的动词。
tell/ask/order/command sb.to do sth.
“Hurry up.” he said.
→He told me to hurry up.
2）若祈使句为否定式，在动词不定式之前加not
tell/ask/order/command sb.not to do sth.
He said to them，“Don't go out.”
→He ordered them not to go out.二．有些表建议、要求或劝告的祈使句变为间接引语时，可用suggest，offer等动词加以转述，此时注意这些词的固定搭配。
He said，“Let's go to the school.”
→He suggested that we (should) go to the school.
三．直接引语是感叹句时，间接引语可以用what/how引导，也可用that.
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
或：She said that it was a lovely day.
注意：有些感叹句的转述要根据原句的
意思采用适当的动词变为陈述句。
“Happy New Year！” he said.
→He wished me a Happy New Year.【链接训练】
①“Don't give up the hope before you really try hard.” Sam said.
变间接引语为________
Sam told me not to give up the hope before I really tried hard.
【解析】　祈使句变间接引语时常用ask/tell sb.(not) to do sth.，注意人称和时态的变化。②“Will you come here next Sunday？” Sunny asked.变间接引语为 ________
A．Sunny told us to come here next Sunday.
B．Sunny told us to go there next Sunday.
C．Sunny asked if we would go there the next Sunday.
D．Sunny asked us to come here the next Sunday.
【解析】一般疑问句变为间引时用if或whether前面用ask，come变成go,时间状语加the
【答案】　C③—What did the doctor say?
—He ________ Jim to ________ in bed for 2 days.
A．said；lie B．advised；lay
C．advised；lain D．told；lie
【解析】　考查间接引语中动词的选用及搭配。tell sb. to do sth.“告诉某人做某事”；
say sb. to do sth.不搭配，所以排除A项；
advise后虽可接sb. to do sth.，但是B项和C项的lay和lain都不是躺“lie”的原形，所以都被排除掉。
【答案】　D④“Be careful with the dog，” said he.
He ________ me to be careful with the dog.
A．said B．warned
C．begged D．hoped
【解析】　考查间接引语的动词选用。句意为：他告诫我小心那条狗。warn是“告诫，警告，提醒”的意思；A项和D项搭配不对；C项的beg是“请求；恳求”的意思，所以也不对，排除掉。
【答案】　B