牛津译林版（2019）选择性必修 第一册Unit 4 Exploring poetry课件(共139张PPT)

(共139张PPT)
选择性必修第一册
Unit 4 Exploring poetry
01
Period Ⅰ Welcome to the unit & Reading
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.The public are being fed ____________ （contradict） messages about how to keep healthy.
contradictory
解析 句意为：在如何保持健康方面，公众正在被灌输一些互相矛盾的信息。messages为名词，应用形容词修饰，故填contradictory。
2.Creative thinking does not tend to be opposite to _______ （logic） thinking at all.
logical
解析 句意为：创造性思维与逻辑思维绝非对立的关系。此空应用形容词修饰名词thinking,故填logical。
3.Due to the extremely cold weather, the ground is _______ （freeze） for most of the year.
frozen
解析 句意为：因为极寒的天气，一年大部分时间里地面都是冻得硬邦邦的。设空处作表语，表示“冻硬的”，应用frozen。
4.She is one of the finest ___________ （interpret） of Debussy's music.
interpreters
解析 句意为：她是将德彪西的音乐演绎得最出色的演奏者之一。此处表示“演奏者”，且one of后加可数名词复数形式，故填interpreters。
5.Teaching children with special needs requires ________ （patient） and understanding.
patience
解析 句意为：教育有特殊需求的儿童需要耐心和理解。该空作宾语且与and后的名词understanding并列，应填名词，故填patience。
6.We must __________ （constant） adapt and innovate to ensure success in a growing market.
constantly
解析 句意为：我们必须不断地适应并创新，以确保在不断扩大的市场中取得成功。该空应用副词修饰动词adapt和innovate,故填constantly。
7.The police think the videotape may hold some vital ______ （clue） to the identity of the killer.
clues
解析 句意为：警方认为那盘录像带可能有一些有关凶手身份的重要线索。clue作为“线索”讲时为可数名词，再根据限定词some可知,应填clues。
8.You had better set ______ some time every day for sports so that you can keep yourself energetic.
aside
解析 句意为：你最好每天留些时间做运动，以便你能使自己保持精力充沛。set aside为固定搭配，意为“留出，拨出（时间、金钱等）”，故填aside。
9.The police are offering a big reward ____ information about the robbery.
for
解析 句意为：警察悬赏了一大笔钱，征集与那起抢劫案有关的信息。offer a reward for （doing） sth为固定搭配，意为“为（做）某事提供赏金”。
10.The patient ______________ （perceive） to have difficulty in breathing and was rushed to hospital.
was perceived
解析 句意为：病人被发现呼吸困难，被火速送往了医院。设空处与was rushed为句子的并列谓语，perceive sb/sth to do sth意为“察觉到某人/某物做某事”，patient与perceive之间为被动关系，且由设空处后的was可知，应用一般过去时的被动语态，故填was perceived。
根据提示补全句子。
1.学生们一直在努力学习功课，他们的努力最终会以成功为回报的。（reward）
The students have been working hard on their studies and their efforts _____ ____ _________ _____
________ in the end.
will
be
rewarded
with
success
2.可以肯定的是，他们仍面临着将这种潜力变为现实的挑战。（turn; reality）
It is certain that they are still facing the challenge of ________ _____ _________ _____ _______.
turning
this
potential
into
reality
3.尽管网络有很大帮助，但不要在上面花费太多时间。（while; be of+抽象名词）
_______ ____ ________ ___ ___ ______ _____, don't spend too much time on it.
While
the
Internet
is
of
great
help
4.即使他每天没有多少闲暇时间，他依然保持着经常锻炼的习惯。 （even if）
He keeps a habit of taking regular exercise, ______ ___ ____ _______ ______ much spare time every
day.
even
if
he
doesn't
have
5.明年将要实施的这个项目很难按时完工。（动词不定式）
The project ___ ____ _______ ____ next year is not easy ___ _________ on time.
to
be
carried
out
to
complete
&1& 体裁：说明文 &2& 题材：文学艺术 &3& 词数：196 &4& 难度：&5& &6& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Readers with the feeling that poetry is difficult 1. . （understand） often hesitate about
reading poetry.The following 2. . （step） explain how to better understand and appreciate poems.
First, follow your ears.You 3. . （advise） to ask “How does it sound？” instead 4. .
“What does it mean ” Read it aloud, and you will say something about how the poem sounds.Second,
approach the poem as if you were an explorer in an unfamiliar landscape.Ask some basic questions
about the poem so 5. . you can see concrete images in your mind.Then make good use of the
surroundings you have found to dig up clues 6. . （give） you a greater understanding of the
poem.Third, just be 7. . （patience） enough to interpret the meaning of a poem.Sometimes it
8. . （take） a lifelong time to really understand a poem.Poems that constantly reveal deeper and
previously unrecognized meanings are 9. . （interesting） than those that are easy to
understand.
Finally, 10. . is unnecessary to fully understand a poem to appreciate it.Sometimes, to find a
poem's true inner beauty, you might need to give up logical thinking.Learn to enjoy your journey in the
world of poetry！
to understand
steps
are advised
of
that
giving
patient
takes
more interesting
it
1._____________
to understand
解析 该空考查的是“主语+be动词+adj.+to do”结构，用不定式的主动形式表示被动含义。
2.______
steps
解析 此处step意为“步骤”，是可数名词，下文提到了四个步骤，故用复数形式。
3.___________
are advised
解析 根据语境可知，此处是陈述一般情况，应用一般现在时；主语You和advise之间为被动关系，应用被动语态。故填are advised。
4.___
of
解析 instead of 为固定搭配，意为“而不是”。
5._____
that
解析 句意为：问一些关于这首诗的基本问题，以便你能在脑海中浮现具体的图像。so that意为“以便”。
6._______
giving
解析 此处 _____ you a greater understanding of the poem作后置定语，修饰clues，设空处与clues为逻辑上的主动关系。此处欲表达：挖掘能够给予你更好地理解这首诗歌的线索。
7._______
patient
解析 由空前的be可知，此空应用形容词，故填patient。
8.______
takes
解析 该句缺少谓语动词，根据上下文可知应用一般现在时，且主语是it，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，故填takes。
9._______________
more interesting
解析 根据提示词than可知，该空需要填形容词的比较级，故填more interesting。
10.___
it
解析 此处it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的动词不定式to fully understand…。
&7& 体裁：说明文&8& 题材：文学与艺术&9& 词数：170 &10& 难度：&11& &12& 建议用时：7分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Classical Chinese poetry is traditional Chinese poetry 1. . （write） in Classical Chinese and
typified by certain traditional forms and close 2. . （connect） with particular historical
periods, such as the poetry of the Tang Dynasty.Its existence is documented at least as early 3. . the
publication of The Classic of Poetry or Shijing.4. . （variety） combinations of forms and
genres exist.Many or most of these 5. . （arise） at the end of the Tang Dynasty.
Use and development of Classical Chinese poetry 6. . （active） continued up to the year
of 1919, 7. . the May Fourth Movement took place, and it is still developed even today.Poetry
created during this 2,500-year period of more-or-less continuous development shows 8. . great deal of
diversity—classified by both major historical periods and by dynastic periods.
Of the key aspects of Classical Chinese poetry, another is 9. . （it） close interrelationship with
other forms of Chinese art, such as Chinese painting and Chinese calligraphy.Classical Chinese poetry has
proven to be of strong influence 10. . poetry worldwide.
written
connections
as
Various/Varied
arose
actively
when
a
its
on/upon
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章简单介绍了中国古诗的出现和发展历程，提及了它对世界诗歌的影响。
1._______
written
解析 write与poetry之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词作后置定语，故填written。
2.___________
connections
解析 设空前有形容词close修饰，故设空处填名词。connection在此表示“（两种事实、观点等的）联系，关联”，是可数名词，故填名词的复数形式connections。
3.___
as
解析 as... as... 意为“像……一样……”，为固定搭配，故填as。
4.______________
Various/Varied
解析 设空处修饰名词combinations，故填形容词Various或Varied，意为“各种各样的”，句首单词首字母要大写。
5.______
arose
解析 arise意为“产生，出现”，是不及物动词，根据时间状语at the end of the Tang Dynasty可知，本句应用一般过去时，故填arose。
6.________
actively
解析 分析句子结构可知，设空处修饰谓语动词continued，故填副词actively，意为“活跃地”。
7.______
when
解析 设空处引导定语从句，先行词是the year of 1919，设空处在从句中作时间状语，故填when。
【方法总结】分析语法填空中的定语从句
分析定语从句时，关键抓住三点：第一，找准先行词；第二，看关系词在定语从句中所作的成分；第三，选择关系代词或者关系副词。先行词往往是名词、代词或者句子，如本题中先行词为the year of 1919;再分析定语从句部分可知，从句部分不缺成分，由此判断关系词在从句中作状语，应用关系副词；先行词是表示时间的短语，结合语境可以判断，关系副词在从句中作时间状语，因此应填关系副词when。
8.___
a
解析 a great deal of意为“大量的，许多的”，是固定搭配，修饰不可数名词，故填a。
9.____
its
解析 根据设空处后面的名词短语close interrelationship可知,设空处应用形容词性物主代词，表示“……的”，故填its。
10.________
on/upon
解析 influence意为“影响”，常与介词on/upon连用。
[湖南师大附中2023高二期中] A
&13& 体裁：应用文 &14& 题材：文学与艺术 &15& 词数：281 &16& 难度：&17& &18& 建议用时：6分钟
In a city like Pittsburgh that is full of universities, libraries and theatres, celebrating National Poetry Month is easy.Stop by any of the following events to learn more about poetry, present your own poetry, or hear readings of famous poems.
Poetry Exchange Workshop Brentwood Public Library Start National Poetry Month off right by heading to this monthly poetry workshop to
listen to poets read their works, have your works critiqued （评论） and learn some
new poetry writing skills.A small?$2 donation to the library is encouraged.If you
are bringing some of your poems to share with other poets, bring multiple copies.
Whitman Poetry Readings Coffee Tree Roasters The Whitman Poetry Readings hosts a monthly poetry reading by a famous
American poet followed by a discussion about the poet's works.The event is free like
Poetry Exchange Workshop and is held in a quiet private back room at Coffee Tree
Roasters.
Word Circus The Most Wanted Fine Art Gallery This event at Chatham University is hosted by the MFA Creative Writing Programme
every Friday night.Free to students and the general public, this event showcases
student writers as they present their works and encourages attendees to step up to
the open mic and share as many as three of their own poems with the crowd.
CMU Poetry Discussion Group Carnegie Library Join this monthly poetry discussion group, which bills itself as a lively conversation
about well-loved poets.For Poetry Month, Rita Dove's works will be discussed.Dove
served as the youngest and first African-American Poet Laureate of the United States
and was the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry winner in 1987.Admission to this event is free
but registration is encouraged.
续表
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了匹兹堡市举行的四个诗歌活动。
1.Which event will a lover of poetry attend to improve his or her writing skills ( )
A
A.Poetry Exchange Workshop. B.Whitman Poetry Readings.
C.Word Circus. D.CMU Poetry Discussion Group.
解析 细节理解题。根据Poetry Exchange Workshop部分中的Start National Poetry Month… learn some new poetry writing skills.可知，一个想要提升写作技巧的诗歌爱好者可以参加该活动。故选A项。
2.What do these poetry events have in common ( )
B
A.Required registration. B.Free entrance.
C.Featuring American poets. D.Lively discussion.
解析 细节理解题。根据Whitman Poetry Readings部分中的The event is free like Poetry Exchange Workshop和Word Circus部分中的Free to students and the general public, this event… 以及CMU Poetry Discussion Group部分中的Admission to this event is free but registration is encouraged.可知，四个活动通知都提到了入场免费。故选 B项。
3.Where is this text probably taken from ( )
B
A.An autobiography. B.A local newspaper. C.A course plan. D.A poetry textbook.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段第一句In a city like Pittsburgh that is full of universities, libraries and theatres, celebrating National Poetry Month is easy.可知，本文最可能出自匹兹堡市的当地报纸，宣传四个庆祝全国诗歌月的活动。故选B项。
词汇加油站
核心词汇
1.multiple adj.数量多的；多种多样的
2.attendee n.出席者；在场者
3.registration n.登记；注册；挂号
B
&19& 体裁：议论文 &20& 题材：社会文化 &21& 词数：315 &22& 难度：&23&
&24& 建议用时：8分钟
Reading poems is not exactly an everyday activity for most people.In fact, many people never read a poem once they get out of high school.
It is worth reminding ourselves that this has not always been the case in America.In the 19th century, a usual American activity was to sit around the fireside in the evening and read poems aloud.It is true that there was no television at the time, nor movie theatres, nor World Wide Web, to provide diversion.However, poems were a source of pleasure, of self-education, of connection to other people or to the world beyond one's own community.Reading them was a social act as well as an individual one, and perhaps even more social than individual.Writing poems to share with friends and relations was, like reading poems by the fireside, another way in which poetry has a place in everyday life.
How did things change Why are most Americans no longer comfortable with poetry, and why do most people today think that a poem has nothing to tell them and that they can do well without poems
There are, I believe, three factors: poets, teachers, and we ourselves.Of these, the least important is the third.The world surrounding the poem has betrayed us more than we have betrayed the poem.Early in the 20th century, poetry in English headed into directions unfavourable to the reading of poetry.Readers decided that poems were not for the fireside or the easy chair at night, and that they belonged where other difficult-to-read things belonged.
Poets failed the readers, and so did teachers.They want their students to know something about the skills of a poem, and they want their students to see that poems mean something.Yet what usually occurs when teachers push these concerns on their high school students is that young people decide poems are unpleasant crossword puzzles.
【语篇导读】在过去，人们经常读诗，然而现在，读诗的人越来越少。文章针对这种现象探讨了原因。
1.What does the underlined word “diversion” most probably mean ( )
C
A.Concentration. B.Change. C.Amusements. D.Stories.
解析 词义猜测题。画线单词前面的television， movie theatres, World Wide Web这些事物都是为人们提供娱乐的，由此可推断diversion与amusements同义，意为“娱乐活动”。故选C项。
2.Why is reading poems thought to be a social act in the 19th century ( )
A
A.It built a link among people. B.It helped unite a community.
C.It was a source of self-education. D.It was a source of pleasure.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段中的of connection to other people or to the world beyond one's own community 可知，诗歌是联系一个人与他人或外部世界的纽带。故选A项。
3.According to the passage, what is the main cause of the great gap between readers and poetry ( )
D
A.Students are becoming less interested in poetry. B.Students are poorly educated in high school.
C.TV and the Internet are more attractive than poetry. D.Poems have become difficult to understand.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的Readers decided that poems were not for the fireside or the easy chair at night, and that they belonged where other difficult-to-read things belonged.可知，读者觉得诗歌不再适合坐在火炉边或安乐椅上舒服地读，是因为它们现在更难理解了。故选 D项。
4.In the last paragraph, what does the writer question ( )
B
A.The difficulty in studying poems. B.The way poems are taught in school.
C.Students' wrong ideas about poetry. D.The techniques used in writing poems.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，诗人让读者失望了，老师也一样。老师想让学生们知道一首诗所用到的技巧及诗歌的含义，然而这些要求使学生们觉得诗歌是令人讨厌的字谜。因此，作者质疑学校教授诗歌的方式。故选B项。
词汇加油站核心词汇
1.community n.社区；社会；团体；界
2.individual adj.个别的；单独的；一个人的 n.个人；有个性的人
3.factor n.因素；要素
4.betray vt.背叛
&25& 体裁：说明文 &26& 题材：文学与艺术 &27& 词数：223 &28& 难度：&29& &30& 建议用时：7分钟
How do you write a story How is writing a short story different from writing a novel These are
difficult questions to answer.1. . But if you want to write a short story, here are several tips to help
you get started.
Real writers read.As Stephen King said, “If you don't have time to read, you don't have time to
write.” 2. . Even if you've read hundreds of stories, studying one or two closely will help improve
your understanding of the short story form.
Some guides suggest focusing on writing an attractive first paragraph first.3. . Instead, just
write.Don't worry about what comes out.It's not important.You just need to get your short story started.
4. . After you write your first draft, you need to start cutting, rewriting and editing your short
story.This is the hardest part of writing a short story.However, don't give up.You're almost there.
Before you submit your short story, make sure you have read it aloud several times to find any
errors.Then skim some literary magazines and read their guidelines to know if your short story will be a
good fit.5. . It will be hard to let go of your short story, but you cannot get it published if you don't
submit it.
D
F
G
A
B
A.All good writing is rewriting.
B.Send your work out to publishers.
C.Get some suggestions from other writers.
D.There are so many types of short stories and novels.
E.If you want to be a writer, you should consider writing short stories.
F.If you've never read a short story, you're going to have a difficult time writing one.
G.While it's important, it puts a lot of pressure on you when you write your short story.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，作者就如何写一篇短篇故事提出了建议，并且建议要投稿。
1.___
D
解析 本段第一、二句提问如何写故事，写短篇故事与写小说有何不同，第三句承接上两句，讲的是“这些是很难回答的问题”。D项“有那么多种类的短篇故事和小说”解释了这些问题为什么难回答，而且与第二句中出现的short story和novel相呼应，符合语境。
2.___
F
解析 本段第一句点明本段主题：阅读对于作家的重要性。设空前一句讲如果一个人没时间阅读，那也就没时间写作，F项（如果你从来没有读过短篇故事，你将很难写出一篇来）承接上文，符合语境。
3.___
G
解析 设空前一句讲的是“一些指南建议要先集中精力写一个吸引人的开头”，空后一句Instead， just write.意思是“恰恰相反，去写就可以了”，Instead表示转折，设空处需要填一个承上启下的句子，G项（虽然它很重要，但是当你写短篇故事时，它会给你带来很大的压力）切题。
4.___
A
解析 设空后一句讲的是“写完了你的初稿之后，你需要开始删减、重写和编辑你的短篇故事”，句中rewriting是关键信息，A项（所有好的作品都是重写得来的）与之呼应。
5.___
B
解析 设空后一句It will be hard to let go of your short story, but you cannot get it published if you don't submit it.提及了投稿的必要性，submit为关键信息，故B项（向出版机构寄出你的作品）切题。
02
Period Ⅱ Grammar and usage & Integrated skills
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.A ________ （novel） must be able to use the cultural heritage of his nation.
novelist
解析 句意为:小说家要善于利用其本国的文化遗产。设空处作主语，表示“小说家”，且其前有不定冠词A修饰，故填novelist。
2.Society is knit together by certain commonly held _______ （belief）.
beliefs
解析 句意为:社会是靠某些共同的信仰紧密团结起来的。belief作“信仰”讲时是可数名词，故填beliefs。
3.With the development of modern ______________________ （industrial）, we can get more benefits.
industrialization/industry
解析 句意为：随着现代工业（化）的发展，我们可以获得更多的益处。设空处作介词of的宾语，且被形容词modern修饰，应填名词。
4.He needed to make a complete break _____the past.
with
解析 句意为：他得与过去彻底告别。a break with sth为固定用法，意为“与某事的中断；告别”。
5.The competition attracted over 500 contestants ____________ （represent） 8 different countries.
representing
解析 句意为：这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。此句有谓语动词attracted，与设空处之间无连词连接，故设空处应填非谓语动词，contestants与represent之间是逻辑上的主动关系，故填现在分词representing。
6.The way in which we work ______________ （undergo） a complete transformation in the past
decade.
has undergone
解析 句意为：在过去的十年里，我们工作的方式经历了彻底的变革。根据时间状语in the past decade可知，谓语动词要用现在完成时。
7.She _____ （bend） forward to pick up the newspaper just now.
bent
解析 句意为：刚才她弯腰去捡报纸。该句缺少谓语动词，而且根据时间状语just now可知，此处描述的是过去发生的动作，需要用一般过去时。
8.Do you advocate ________ （ban） cars in the city centre
banning
解析 句意为：你支持在市中心禁止汽车通行吗 advocate doing sth意为“支持做某事”。
9.Over the years, the system has developed into different forms, as it was a time ______ people were
divided geographically, leading to different dialects and characters.
when
解析 句意为：多年来,这个系统已经发展成了不同的形式,因为在那个时代,人们按照地理位置被划分开,产生了不同的方言和字符。此处when引导定语从句，在从句中作时间状语。
10.It __________ （claim） that soap powder pollutes the water we drink.
is claimed
解析 句意为：据说肥皂粉污染我们饮用的水。It is claimed that… 意为“有人宣称；据说”。
根据提示补全句子。
1.那时人们不太关注健康。（time；定语从句）
___ _____ ___ _____ ______ people weren't so hung up about health.
It
was
a
time
when
2.我必须强调他们只不过是孩子这一事实。（emphasis）
I must ____________ _________ ________ ____ _____ that they are only children.
put/place/lay
emphasis
on/upon
the
fact
3.我们来这里是为公众服务。（provide）
We are here to________ ____ _______ _____ ___ _______.
provide
the
public
with
a
service
4.我宁愿去探个究竟，也不愿坐在这儿等待。（prefer… rather than…）
I _______ ___ ____ ___ _____ ____ what on earth has happened ______ _____ ____ _____ ________.
prefer
to
go
to
find
out
rather
than
sit
here
waiting
5.竹子很容易照料，也很适合作为礼物。（动词不定式）
Bamboo plants ____ _____ ___ _____ ____ and make great presents.
are
easy
to
care
for
6.这个花瓶的历史悠久，可以追溯到1,000多年前。（现在分词短语作后置定语）
The vase has a long history _______ ______ ___ ______ _____ ______ ______ _____.
dating
back
to
more
than
1,000
years
ago
在空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1._________ （realize） the importance of this breakthrough, he lost no time in applying for a patent.
Realizing
解析 句意为：意识到这一突破的重要性, 他立即申请了专利。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语动词lost，故设空处应用非谓语动词，realize与句子主语he之间为逻辑上的主动关系，应用现在分词作状语。故填Realizing。
2.[全国新高考Ⅱ2022] When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony （阳
台）, Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the
_______ （fall） child.
falling
解析 句意为：当亨利看到一个小孩吊在六楼公寓的阳台上时，他跑了100米，跳过了1.2米高的栅栏，伸出双臂去接这个正在坠落下来的孩子。该分句中的谓语为held out，设空处应用非谓语动词形式。根据句意可知，fall为动词，意为“掉落”， child和fall之间是逻辑上的主动关系，同时表示正在进行的含义，应用现在分词作定语。故填falling。
3.During the Mid-Autumn Festival, family members often gather together _________ （share） a meal,
admire the moon and enjoy moon cakes.
to share
解析 句意为：过中秋节的时候，家人们通常会团聚在一起吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼。根据句意可知，家人们团聚在一起的目的是吃饭、赏月和品尝月饼,因此应用不定式to share构成目的状语。故填to share。
4.Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially _________ （design） to help them
succeed academically and personally.
designed
解析 句意为：大多数大学现在为大一学生提供一门专门设计的课程，目的是帮助他们在学业和个人发展方面取得成功。分析句子成分可知，course 和design之间是逻辑上的被动关系，故用过去分词形式。故填designed。
5.With the guide ________ （lead） the way, we found his home easily.
leading
解析 句意为：有导游带路，我们很容易就找到了他的家。本句考查with的复合结构，the guide和lead之间是逻辑上的主动关系，所以应用现在分词形式。故填leading。
6.I'm sorry; I didn't make you _________ （inform） of the truth of the matter earlier.
informed
解析 句意为：对不起，我没有早点告诉你事情的真相。动词make作使役动词时，表示“使；使得”；此处为“make+宾语+宾补”结构，inform和宾语you之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用过去分词作宾补。故填informed。
【易混辨析】现在分词、过去分词与不定式作宾补的用法区别
（1）现在分词作宾补，表示主动和进行。I found those students studying very hard.我发现那些学生学习非常努力。（表示主动）I have kept you waiting a long time.我让你久等了。（表示动作持续进行）
（2）过去分词作宾补，表示被动和完成。He heard his name called.他听见有人叫他的名字。（表示被动）She felt a great load taken off her mind.她感到如释重负。（表示动作已经完成）
（3）不定式作宾补，表示主动和将要进行的动作。I'll get someone to do it for you.我将找人帮你做这件事。（表示主动和将要进行）
7.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment, _________ （allow） more patients to be
treated.
allowing
解析 句意为：近期这家医院购进了新的医疗设备，使更多的病人被治疗。本句已有谓语has obtained ，且与设空处之间无连词连接，所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式；此处表示自然而然的结果，应用现在分词形式作状语。故填allowing。
8.I'd like to invite you to visit the paper-cutting exhibition ___________ （hold） by our school next
Sunday.
to be held
解析 句意为：我想邀请你参观将在下个星期天由我们学校举办的剪纸展。根据句意可知，此处表示“将要举办的剪纸展”，应用动词不定式表将来，且the paper-cutting exhibition与hold之间是逻辑上的被动关系，应用被动语态。故填to be held。
9.___________ （occupy） herself doing routine office tasks, she can't spare any time at all.
Occupying
解析 句意为：忙于处理日常的办公室任务，她根本抽不出任何时间。occupy oneself （in） doing sth意为“某人忙于做某事”，occupy与主语she之间是逻辑上的主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式。故填Occupying。
10.I went to see him, only________ （learn） that he had left the city the night before.
to learn
解析 句意为：我去看他，结果却得知他已经在前夜离开了这个城市。only to do作状语时，表示出乎意料的结果，意为“结果却……”。
[福建福州三校2023高二期中联考] &31& 体裁：说明文 &32& 题材：传统文化 &33& 词数：220 &34& 难度：&35& &36& 建议用时：8分钟
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
A Chinese dance drama has made its global debut （首映） on social media platforms abroad,
1. . （create） a new wave of discussion on the beauty of Chinese culture among art lovers
from all over the world.
Li Bai, a classic production by the China National Opera & Dance Drama Theater, 2. .
（strike） a chord （触动心弦） with global audiences through the telling of a lifelong journey of the
literary giant Li Bai so far.After a year of improving, that 3. . （remark） work has returned
to the centre stage.
4. . was updated of Li Bai provides the audience with a fresh new feel.The new music 5. .
（skilful） combined the orchestral symphony, which was designed 6. . （integrate） with the
dance and drama.When you turn off the music and watch the performance of the actors alone, it has no
creating
has struck
remarkable
What
skilfully
to integrate
impact.
The classic piece greeted audiences at the National Centre for the Performing Arts with sold-out
shows.Art has no borders.Li Bai 7. . （view） more than 5.57 million times with more than
1.33 million responses.In the history of Chinese poetry, Li Bai was not “one of ” 8. . “the one”.
In telling the story of 9. . great poet, China has once again passed 10. . its fine tradition and
carried Chinese culture forward in its own way.
was viewed
but
the
on
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国舞剧《李白》在国外社交媒体平台上首次亮相，在世界各地的艺术爱好者中掀起了一股讨论中国文化之美的新浪潮。
1.________
creating
解析 句意为：一部中国舞剧在国外社交媒体平台上全球首播，引发了世界各地艺术爱好者对中国文化之美的新一波讨论。分析句子成分可知，句子的谓语为has made，且与设空处之间无连词连接，所以设空处应用非谓语动词形式，此处表示自然而然的结果，故用现在分词作结果状语。故填creating。
2.__________
has struck
解析 根据时间状语so far可知，此处应用现在完成时；句子的主语为Li Bai，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式，strike的过去分词为struck。故填has struck。
3.___________
remarkable
解析 设空处后为名词work，修饰名词应用形容词，作定语。remark的形容词形式为remarkable，意为“非凡的，引人注目的”。故填remarkable。
4.______
What
解析 句意为：《李白》更新的内容为观众提供了全新的感受。主句的谓语动词provides之前的 was updated of Li Bai为主语从句，从句缺少主语，应用连接代词what引导该从句。故填What。
【易混辨析】that 与what引导名词性从句的用法区别
（1）that引导名词性从句时，不在从句中充当任何成分，也没有含义，只起到引导作用；that在动词后引导宾语从句时，通常可以省略。如：The result is that we won the game.结果是我们赢了比赛。
（2）what引导名词性从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语等，意为“什么；……的东西/事情”。如果把what去掉，从句的成分和意思都不完整，因此what引导名词性从句时不能省略。如：What he wants is a book.他想要的是一本书。
5.________
skilfully
解析 句意为：新音乐巧妙地结合了管弦交响乐，旨在与舞蹈和戏剧融为一体。设空处修饰主句谓语动词combined，应用副词。故填skilfully。
6.___________
to integrate
解析 句意见上一题解析。integrate意为“（使）合并，成为一体”，由句意可知，设空处表目的，应用动词不定式。故填to integrate。
7.____________
was viewed
解析 设空处为谓语，此处表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时；Li Bai和view之间为被动关系，应用被动语态；主语为第三人称单数，谓语也应用单数形式。故填was viewed。
8.____
but
解析 句意为：在中国诗歌史上，李白不是“之一”，而是“唯一”。not… but… 为固定短语，意为“不是……，而是……”。故填but。
9.____
the
解析 句意为：在讲述这位伟大诗人的故事时，中国再次传播了自己的优良传统，以自己的方式弘扬了中国文化。此处“伟大的诗人”特指李白，应用定冠词the修饰。故填the。
10.____
on
解析 pass on为固定短语，意为“传递”。故填on。
&37& 体裁：说明文 &38& 题材：诗歌与大脑 &39& 词数：374 &40& 难度：&41& &42& 建议用时：8分钟
What's the effect of poetry on our brain Scientists have been investigating the neuronal （神经元的） connections and brain circuits that can work in the reading of poetry for some time.And, even though the research has only just begun, the results are already fascinating.
Poetry has the oldest recorded text in literature.Although it's impossible to say exactly when it began to be used in the oral tradition, we dare to say that it's accompanied humanity forever. This gives us an idea of the impact that poetic language can have on our emotional and cognitive state. The emotional response to literature in general shares areas of activation with music.However, more areas of the right hemisphere seem to be related to poetry. The researchers measured the goosebumps resulting from the tingling sensation （强烈感受） in reading poetry. This type of sensation has also been proved to result from music. However, the tingling sensations produced by poetry activate different areas of the brain compared to those activated by music.
Dr Eugen Wassiliwizky's team collected data on behavioural responses in people reading or listening to poetry. They proved that poetry is capable of causing emotional responses and rich emotional experiences.In addition, a poem expresses the poet's ideas. From a psychological perspective, poetry is a game of language that manages to group words in a surprising way.We could compare this with how a chef combines ingredients that seem impossible to combine, producing extraordinary results.Poetry is based on rules of construction.It sets up a rhythm, which then breaks, before finally returning to it.The play on the meanings of words, sometimes several meanings in just one word, is extremely intellectually inspiring. We can read a poem a thousand times, and still find its new meanings.
Generally, our passage through the wonderful world of poetry is cut short by a rather reduced exposure during childhood and the overly analytical approach of this literary genre （体裁）, which is given in most schools.Although the studies that experts have conducted on poetry get a lot of interesting results, poetry still holds a mystery that science hasn't yet been able to investigate.For example, why a perfect cadence （抑扬顿挫） and rhythm can lift the spirits of people That's the new challenge for the research.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诗歌对大脑影响的研究成果以及作者对诗歌的看法。
1.What is the main difference between poetry and music ( )
C
A.Music causes fewer goosebumps. B.Poetry creates more tingling sensations.
C.They work on different parts of the brain. D.They are processed in different parts of the brain.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句However, the tingling sensations produced by poetry activate different areas of the brain compared to those activated by music.可知，诗歌和音乐的主要不同之处在于它们对大脑的不同区域产生刺激作用。故选C项。
2.What does the author think of poetry ( )
C
A.It is vague in its meaning but rich in emotional experiences.
B.It combines ingredients and extraordinary results.
C.It expresses something about the poet.
D.It's a pure game of language that gives surprises to readers.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的In addition, a poem expresses the poet's ideas.可知，作者认为诗歌可以表达诗人的想法。故选C项。
3.What might be the problem when we learn poetry at school ( )
A
A.We analyse this literary genre too much. B.We make children more exposed to it.
C.We haven't read a poem a thousand times. D.We rely too much on our teachers.
解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句Generally, our passage through the wonderful world of poetry is cut short by a rather reduced exposure during childhood and the overly analytical approach of this literary genre, which is given in most schools.可知，作者认为我们在学校学习诗歌时的过度分析打断了我们对诗歌世界的探索。故选A项。
4.What is this text mainly about ( )
A
A.Findings about poetry. B.The history of poetry.
C.How to write poetry. D.How to appreciate poetry.
解析 主旨大意题。根据第一段第一句What's the effect of poetry on our brain？和第一段最后一句And, even though the research has only just begun, the results are already fascinating.可知，文章首段点明主题，接下来的段落详细介绍研究诗歌对大脑影响的结果和发现，所以本文主要介绍了关于诗歌的研究成果。故选A项。
长难句分析
Generally, our passage through the wonderful world of poetry
主语.
谓语
.is cut short by a rather reduced exposure during childhood and the overly analytical approach of this literary genre, which is . given in most schools.
which 引导定语从句,修饰the overly analytical approach of this literary genre
句意：一般来说，我们通往美妙的诗歌世界的道路被童年时期较少的接触和大多数学校对这种文学体裁的过度分析方法所截断。
词汇加油站
词缀拓展
hemi- prefix 半；一半 hemisphere n.（大脑/地球的）半球
[广东深圳2023期中] &43& 体裁：记叙文 &44& 题材：人物故事 &45& 词数：242 &46& 难度：&47& &48& 建议用时：14分钟
Kang Yu, a 24-year-old volunteer teacher in the mountains of Yunnan Province, was teaching calligraphy to the eighth graders.Suddenly, the clouds seemed to . .1. . and her students had a new focus of attention.
The electricity was off and the lights. .2. ., so she couldn't continue the calligraphy class.Seeing that the students were staring at the rain . .3. ., Kang suddenly got a burst of . .4. ..
She told them to go outside, under a shelter, to enjoy the rain and come back to write something, short or long, or just several . .5. . like a poem.
Noticing a girl . .6. ., Kang approached her and . .7. . her lines of poetry that impressed her deeply, “I am a selfish child/Expecting that when I am sad/There can be a corner of comfort emptying for me/I
am a selfish child/Hoping that Mum's love only belongs to me.” Other students' works were also beyond her . .8. ..
Inspired by that class, Kang later. .9. .Enlighten Our Future, a non-profit organization to help youngsters improve their mental well-being through poetry . .10. . and appreciation.
With her encouragement, her students showed great interest and were . .11. . to express their feelings and opinions.“I realized that they could express themselves better by composing poetry,” she says.The . .12. . of feelings and opinions via poetry . .13. . Kang closer to her students.
“What's great about poetry is that it can help one to find a way to . .14. . with oneself and others,” she says.“What they need is not sympathy, but recognition, which I think will . .15. . their whole life.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了书法老师康瑜在上课时，外面突然下起雨来，于是她将学生们带去外面赏雨，然后写点什么。在这个过程中，一个女孩的诗让她印象深刻。受到这节课的启发，她成立了“是光”这个非营利组织，帮助青少年通过创作和欣赏诗歌增强心理健康。
1.( )A.disappear B.brighten C.spread D.gather
D
解析 根据后文Seeing that the students were staring at the rain… 可知，此处表示马上要下雨了，乌云似乎开始聚集了。gather意为“聚集”，符合语境。故选D项。
2.( )A.went out B.died out C.broke out D.tried out
A
解析 根据空前的The electricity was off可知，她不能继续书法课是因为停电了，灯熄灭了。go out意为“熄灭；停止运转”，符合语境。die out意为“灭绝”；break out意为“爆发”；try out意为“试用”。故选A项。
3.( )A.in surprise B.with interest C.in confusion D.with fear
B
解析 根据前文her students had a new focus of attention可知，外面下雨了，吸引了学生们的注意力，故此处表达学生们兴致勃勃地盯着窗外的雨。故选B项。
4.( )A.passion B.light C.inspiration D.curiosity
C
解析 根据后文She told them to go outside… to write something, short or long… 可知，此处指她突然有了灵感。inspiration意为“灵感”，符合语境。故选C项。
5.( )A.words B.lines C.paragraphs D.essays
B
解析 根据后文Kang approached her and _____ her lines of poetry that impressed her deeply可知，此处指康瑜让学生们写点什么，无论长短，哪怕是像写诗一样写上几行字。故选B项。
6.( )A.laughing B.smiling C.crying D.reading
C
解析 根据后文女孩写的诗歌内容及关键词improve their mental well-being并结合选项可推知，当时这个女孩哭了。故选C项。
7.( )A.spotted B.recognized C.wrote D.understood
A
解析 根据空后的her lines of poetry that impressed her deeply可知，此处指康瑜走近女孩，发现了给自己留下深刻印象的诗句。spot意为“发现”，符合语境。故选A项。
8.( )A.expectations B.impressions C.hopes D.opinions
A
解析 根据空前的关键词also及语境可知，此处欲表达其他学生的作品也出乎她的意料。beyond one's expectations为固定搭配，意为“出乎某人意料”。故选A项。
9.( )A.left B.visited C.changed D.founded
D
解析 句意为：受到那堂课的启发，康瑜后来成立了“是光”非营利组织，帮助青少年通过创作和欣赏诗歌来增强心理健康。found意为“创立”，符合语境。故选D项。
10.( )A.collection B.composition C.identification D.admiration
B
解析 根据前文She told them to go outside… write something, short or long, or just several ____like a poem.可知，此处指诗歌创作。composition意为“创作”，符合语境。故选B项。
11.( )A.happy B.shy C.nervous D.guilty
A
解析 根据前文With her encouragement, her students showed great interest和后文I realized that they could express themselves better by composing poetry 可知，此处指在康瑜的鼓励下，学生们对诗歌创作和欣赏表现出了很大的兴趣，并且乐于用这种方式表达自己的情感和观点。故选A项。
12.( )A.exchanges B.experiences C.instructions D.speeches
A
解析 句意为：通过诗歌进行情感和观点交流拉近了康瑜与学生们之间的距离。根据上文内容可知，此处表示老师和学生们在作诗和赏诗的过程中进行情感和观点交流。故选A项。
13.( )A.pulled B.pushed C.prevented D.forced
A
解析 根据空后的Kang closer to her students可知，此处表示拉近了康瑜与学生们之间的距离。故选A项。
14.( )A.cope B.work C.cooperate D.communicate
D
解析 根据前文内容可知，老师和学生们通过创作和欣赏诗歌进一步交流，故此处表达诗歌的一个益处是帮助人们找到一种与自己以及与他人沟通的方式。故选D项。
15.( )A.start B.save C.influence D.form
C
解析 根据上文的express their feelings and opinions并结合常识可知，学生们通过创作和欣赏诗歌表达情感和观点，更好地与他人沟通，在这个过程中逐渐获得自我认同以及他人的认可，这将影响他们的一生。故选C项。
03
Period Ⅲ Extended reading & Project
在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.In ________ （strike） contrast to their brothers, the girls were both intelligent and charming.
striking
解析 句意为：姑娘们既聪明伶俐，又迷人可爱，跟她们的兄弟形成鲜明的对照。此处striking为形容词，意为“显著的”。
2.The city _______________ （characterize） by tall modern buildings in steel and glass.
is characterized
解析 句意为：这座城市的特点是钢铁和玻璃建造而成的现代化高楼林立。be characterized by… 意为“具有……的特点”。
3.We ____________ （encounter） a number of difficulties in the first week.
encountered
解析 句意为：我们在第一周遇到了一些困难。该句缺少谓语动词，根据语境和时间状语in the first week可知，要用一般过去时。
4.Going back to their family should provide emotional ________ （stable） for the children.
stability
解析 句意为：回到家人身边能够给儿童提供情绪上的稳定。该空设在形容词的后面，需要用所给词的名词形式，故填stability。
5.They need to be ________ （tolerate） of different points of view.
tolerant
解析 句意为：他们需要包容不同的观点。该空设在be动词后面，需要用所给词的形容词形式，故填tolerant。
6.The male bird _______________ （distinguish） from the female by its red beak.
is distinguished
解析 句意为：雄鸟的喙呈红色，有别于雌鸟。be distinguished from为固定搭配，意为“区别于”。
7.The singer is regarded as a _____________ （represent） of the youth of her generation.
representative
解析 句意为：这位歌手被看作是她那一代年轻人的代表性人物。设空处前有不定冠词a修饰，故此处应填名词形式。
8.His father's sudden death in the accident _____ （cast） a shadow over his mind.
cast
解析 句意为：他父亲在那场事故中突然去世给他的心灵蒙上了一层阴影。该句缺少谓语动词，而且是描述过去发生的动作，故填cast。
9.The police are blaming the accident ____ dangerous driving.
on
解析 句意为：警方把事故归咎于危险驾驶。blame sth on sb/sth为固定搭配，意为“把某事归咎于某人/某事”。
10.He was desperate.He was heavily ___ debt.
in
解析 句意为：他负债累累，已经走投无路了。in debt为固定搭配，意为“负债”。
根据提示补全或翻译句子。
1.考试成绩是不受社会背景影响的。（allowance）
The exam results ______ ____ __________ ____social backgrounds.
make
no
allowance
for
2.他认为他的成功是靠运气。（owe）
He ___________ ____ ________ ___ ____________.
owes/owed
his
success
to
luck/fortune
3.出席本次会议的有吴博士和其他的医学专家。（表语前置倒装）
________ ___ ____ ________ _________ Dr Wu and other medical experts.
Present
at
the
meeting
were/are
4.吸烟会导致肺癌吗 （contribute）
Does smoking __________ ___ _____ _______
contribute
to
lung
cancer
5.因为已经在这座城市生活多年，彼得主动提出当我们的导游。（现在分词短语作状语）
________ ______ ___ ________ _____ ____ ______ _____________________________________________,
Peter offered to serve as the guide for our trip.
Having
lived
in
the/this
city
for
many
years/Having been living in the/this city for years
6.这位诗人在他那首名为《自然母亲》的诗中表达的是他对自然的热爱。（entitle; Mother Nature）
____________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
The poet expressed his love for nature in his poem entitled Mother Nature./What the poet expressed in his poem entitled Mother Nature was his love for nature.
&49& 体裁：记叙文 &50& 题材：生活感悟 &51& 词数：323 &52& 难度：&53& &54& 建议用时：7分钟
When I was young, strong heroes in my favourite novels gave me courage and provided a map for my life.And I didn't discover the power of poetry until I was in my twenties and making my way in New York.That's when life got serious and broke my heart.
A teacher who later became a dear friend introduced me to Edna St Vincent Millay （ESVM）, the famous poet who lived in Manhattan at the turn of the 20th century.One of my favourite possessions—a valuable first-edition copy of ESVM's short poetry collection, A Few Figs from Thistles—was a gift from this friend who was old enough to be my mother at the time.She told me the poem First Fig described how I was living my life.“My candle burns at both ends; it will not last the night; but ah, my foes, and oh, my friends—it gives a lovely night!”
I was struggling to make ends meet but always made time for fun by hanging out with friends.Some of them of course were careless with my heart but I could always find comfort and courage in ESVM's wise words.
Rather than bore my friends, I could fall into my sorrow—whenever it hit me—and cry as much as I wanted in my bedroom.I found everything I needed in those 32 pages—hope, wisdom and encouragement.In the years since, I've found myself attracted to poetry whenever someone caused me pain.
Is it actually possible for something as common as a poem to save a life I'm not certain of that but I can prove the power of words.Like a relaxing walk outside, poetry can provide a healthy distraction and a meaningful change in our perspective.
Like music, poetry speaks a universal language of rhythm, and speaks truths in a language that describes emotions.So why not keep interested in poems
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在生活中遇到不顺心的事情时，通过读诗来改善心情，作者鼓励大家去读诗，发现诗歌的力量。
1.What was the author's life like when she was introduced to poetry ( )
B
A.Peaceful. B.Hard. C.Boring. D.Colourful.
解析 推理判断题。根据第一段中的And I didn't discover the power of poetry… That's when life got serious and broke my heart.可知，作者接触诗歌的时候，生活是艰难的。故选B项。
2.What can we know about the teacher mentioned in Paragraph 2 ( )
D
A.She was a friend of ESVM's.
B.She bought ESVM's short poetry collection for the author.
C.She looked like the author's mother.
D.She cared about the author.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的A teacher who later became a dear friend introduced me to Edna St Vincent Millay （ESVM） 以及… A Few Figs from Thistles—was a gift from this friend who was old enough to be my mother at the time.She told me the poem First Fig described how I was living my life.可知，这位老师给作者介绍了著名的诗人，作者还收到了这位老师送的礼物，因此推断这位老师很关心作者。故选D项。
3.How does the author probably tend to deal with her pain now ( )
A
A.By losing herself in poetry. B.By hanging out with friends.
C.By staying in the bedroom. D.By taking a relaxing walk outside.
解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的In the years since, I've found myself attracted to poetry whenever someone caused me pain.可知，作者现在常常通过沉浸在诗歌中来缓解自己的痛苦情绪。故选A项。
4.What's the purpose of writing this passage ( )
D
A.To introduce a poet the author likes best. B.To tell a story about the author and poetry.
C.To explain the features of poetry. D.To appeal to readers' interest in poetry.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容以及通读全文可知，作者在生活不如意的时候，通过读诗来改善心情，作者用自己的经历证明了诗歌的力量，并呼吁大家去读诗。故选D项。
A
&55& 体裁：说明文 &56& 题材：诗人与诗歌 &57& 词数：331 &58& 难度：&59& &60& 建议用时：7分钟
Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding of black culture in America.Her poems described conditions among the poor, racial inequality and drug use in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an expert at the language of poetry.She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.
In her early poetry, Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago.The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live.In her poems, the South Side is called Bronzeville.It was A Street in Bronzeville that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill
and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time.The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.
In 1950, Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen.Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter, a wife and a mother.She experiences loneliness, loss, death and being poor.Ms Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.
Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha.Maud Martha received little notice when it was first published.But now it is considered an important work by some critics.Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.
In some other poems, Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are.One example is this poem, Corners on the Curving Sky.
By the end of the 1960s, Gwendolyn Brooks' poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville.She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了格温德琳·布鲁克斯以及她的诗歌。
1.What does the text mainly talk about ( )
B
A.The life of Gwendolyn Brooks. B.The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.
C.The understanding of black culture. D.The struggles of black women.
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了格温德琳·布鲁克斯的诗歌。故选B项。
2.What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph ( )
B
A.She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.
B.She was good at using the language of poetry.
C.Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability.
D.Her poems were mainly about the African experience.
解析 细节理解题。根据文章第一段中的She was an expert at the language of poetry.可知，格温德琳·布鲁克斯擅长运用诗歌语言。故选B项。
3.How does the author develop the passage ( )
A
A.By providing examples. B.By using statistics.
C.By comparing opinions. D.By describing her experiences.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章列举的A Street in Bronzeville， Annie Allen, Maud Martha, Corners on the Curving Sky可知，作者主要是通过举例来写这篇文章的。故选A项。
4.What might the author talk about in the following paragraph of the passage ( )
B
A.The difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meet. B.The poems related to political issues.
C.The awards Gwendolyn Brooks gained. D.The racial inequality the black had to face.
解析 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.可知，文章最后提到格温德琳·布鲁克斯与政治相关的诗，由此可推知文章接下来可能要介绍她的有关政治方面的作品。故选B项。
B
&61& 体裁：说明文 &62& 题材：文学艺术 &63& 词数：311 &64& 难度：&65& &66& 建议用时：8分钟
Poetry is one of mankind's oldest art forms.Since first analysed by Aristotle, poetry has been part of every major art movement, and some say it captures emotion better than any other form.Reading poetry is necessary to gain a full understanding of the world and has many additional benefits.
The immediate benefits of reading poetry are improvements to vocabulary.Poetry makes the reader familiar with new terms and encourages verbal analysis.This presents reading as a creative act in its own right.The common practice of memorizing poems also improves long-term brain health.Studies have shown that people who memorize and recall poems are less susceptible （易受影响的） to Alzheimer's.
Poetry also improves critical thinking by forcing readers to think.In great poetry, meaning is not obvious or one-dimensional （浅薄的）.Understanding poetry is an active practice, rather than the passive engagement encouraged with prose （散文）.Readers of poetry are more likely than non-readers to
analyse information for viewpoints.This skill benefits not only students, but also anyone who wants to form their own opinions of news items or gain a better perspective on documents like contracts.The critical thinking skills developed through reading poetry give greater control over language itself.
The most remarkable power of literature is its ability to unite the reader and the writer across time and cultural boundaries.As condensed （精简的） literature, poetry offers these benefits in a powerful way.Poetry triggers memories and emotions in its readers.This connection between universal emotions and personal experience encourages the development of empathy.A reader might have no practical conception of what life was like during the Elizabethan era in England.However, Shakespeare's sonnets, with their universal themes of love and longing, can bridge the gap between centuries and help us gain an insight into people's feelings in the 17th century.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了诗歌给人们带来的益处及其魅力，它充当着不同时期、地域和文化之间的桥梁。
1.Which of the following shows the benefit memorizing poetry brings to the brain ( )
C
A.It improves one's long-term memory. B.It improves one's ability to analyse issues.
C.It makes one less likely to catch Alzheimer's. D.It makes one act more creatively.
解析 细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句Studies have shown that people who memorize and recall poems are less susceptible to Alzheimer's.可知，研究表明，记忆诗歌的人不太容易患阿尔茨海默病。故选C项。
2.In what way does poetry improve critical thinking ( )
A
A.Readers have to analyse information to form viewpoints.
B.Readers must understand the obvious meaning of poetry.
C.Readers have to gain a better perspective on documents.
D.Readers have to have good control over language.
解析 细节理解题。根据第三段中的Poetry also improves critical thinking by forcing readers to think.和Readers of poetry are more likely than non-readers to analyse information for viewpoints.可知，读诗歌的人比不读诗歌的人更倾向于分析信息以获取观点，所以读诗歌的人可以分析信息并形成观点，以此提高批判性思维的能力。故选A项。
3.Why does the author mention Shakespeare's sonnets ( )
B
A.To show poetry motivates us to learn different cultures.
B.To show poetry helps develop our empathy.
C.To show the universal themes of poetry.
D.To show Shakespeare's understanding of life.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的This connection between universal emotions and personal experience encourages the development of empathy.可知，作者认为普遍情感与个人经历之间的联系可以促进共情能力的提升。接着举例说明了莎士比亚的十四行诗以爱和渴望为主题，弥合了世纪间的鸿沟，帮助我们了解17世纪的人们的感受。所以作者提到莎士比亚的十四行诗是为了说明诗歌可以增强我们的共情能力。故选B项。
4.What is the purpose of the text ( )
D
A.To ask us to read poems. B.To show how to appreciate poems.
C.To tell the importance of poetry in history. D.To explain the benefits of reading poetry.
解析 推理判断题。第一段中的Reading poetry is necessary to gain a full understanding of the world and has many additional benefits.（阅读诗歌对全面了解世界是必要的，而且有许多额外的好处）是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，全篇主要介绍了阅读诗歌给读者带来的益处，并且指出诗歌对文化的传播和继承起到了重要的作用，所以文章的主要目的是解释阅读诗歌的好处。故选D项。
&67& 体裁：记叙文&68& 题材：人物故事 &69& 词数：299 &70& 难度：&71& &72& 建议用时：15分钟
James shook his money box again.Nothing! He carefully . .1. . the coins that lay on the bed.?$24.52 was all that he had.The bicycle he wanted was at least?$90!
He knew that his friends all had bicycles.It was . .2. . to hang out with people when you were the only one without a bicycle.He thought about what he could do.There was no . .3. . asking his parents, for he knew they had no money to . .4. ..
There was only one way to get money, and that was to . .5. . it.He would have to find a job.But who would hire him and what could he do He decided to ask Mr Clay for advice, who usually had . .6. . on most things.
“Well, you can start right here,” said Mr Clay.“My windows need cleaning and my car needs washing.”
That was the . .7. . of James' business.For three months he worked every day after finishing his homework.He was amazed by the . .8. . of jobs that people found for him to do.He took dogs and babies
for walks, and cleared out cupboards.He lost count of the number of cars he washed and windows he cleaned, but the . .9. . increased and he knew that he would soon have . .10. . for the bicycle he longed for.
The day . .11. . came when James counted his money and found $94.32.He . .12. . no time and went to pick up the bicycle he wanted.He rode . .13. .home, looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends.It had been hard . .14. . for the money, but James knew that he valued his bicycle more since he had bought it with his own money.He had . .15. . what he thought was impossible, and that was worth even more than the bicycle.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了詹姆斯通过自己的努力,挣钱买了一辆梦寐以求的自行车的故事。
1.( )A.cleaned B.covered C.counted D.checked
C
解析 根据下文提到的他一共有24.52美元可知，詹姆斯是把盒子里的硬币倒在了床上，认真地数了起来。count意为“数”。故选C项。
2.( )A.brave B.smart C.unfair D.hard
D
解析 根据空后的to hang out with people when you were the only one without a bicycle可知，詹姆斯的朋友都有自行车，只有他没有，所以每次跟朋友出去对他来说都很困难。hard 意为“困难的；艰难的”，符合语境。故选D项。
3.( )A.result B.harm C.point D.right
C
解析 根据空后的he knew they had no money 可知，詹姆斯知道向父母要钱是没有用的。there's no point （in） doing sth意为“做某事是没有用的”。故选C项。
4.( )A.separate B.spare C.spend D.save
B
解析 根据前文There was no ____ asking his parents可知，找父母要钱是没用的，因为詹姆斯知道他们也没有多余的钱可以匀出来。spare 意为“匀出；抽出”，符合语境。separate 意为“分开”，spend 意为“花费”，save 意为“储蓄”，均不符合语境。故选B项。
5.( )A.borrow B.collect C.raise D.earn
D
解析 根据后文He would have to find a job.可知，詹姆斯打算找一份工作，即他决定挣钱买自行车。故选D项。
6.( )A.decisions B.experience C.knowledge D.opinions
D
解析 根据空前的He decided to ask Mr Clay for advice可知，克莱先生对大部分事情都有自己的看法。opinion 常与介词 on 搭配，表示对某事的看法。故选D项。
7.( )A.introduction B.beginning C.requirement D.ending
B
解析 根据上文可知，那份工作是詹姆斯的第一份工作，是一个开始。故选B项。
8.( )A.varieties B.similarities C.quality D.suitability
A
解析 根据后文He took dogs and babies for walks, and cleared out cupboards.可知，詹姆斯对人们介绍给他的各种各样的工作感到很吃惊。varieties of 意为“各种各样的”。故选A 项。
9.( )A.effort B.pressure C.trouble D.money
D
解析 根据语境可知，虽然詹姆斯不知道他到底干过多少清洗工作，但是他知道他挣的钱越来越多了。故选D项。
10.( )A.enough B.all C.much D.some
A
解析 根据空后的for the bicycle he longed for可知，詹姆斯挣的钱越来越多，很快就会有足够的钱去买自行车了。故选A项。
11.( )A.instantly B.normally C.finally D.regularly
C
解析 根据空后的when James counted his money and found ?$94.32可知，詹姆斯有足够的钱去买自行车的那一天终于来了。finally 意为“最后；终于”，含有经过努力达成目标的意味，符合语境。故选C项。
12.( )A.gave B.wasted C.left D.took
B
解析 根据上文詹姆斯对自行车的渴望可知，此处是说他赶忙去买了自行车。waste no time意为“赶忙”，符合语境。故选B项。
13.( )A.patiently B.silently C.proudly D.tiredly
C
解析 根据空后的looking forward to showing his new bicycle to his friends可知，詹姆斯在经过一番努力后终于买到了自行车，他自豪地骑着车回家了。故选C项。
14.( )A.working B.asking C.looking D.applying
A
解析 根据语境可知，詹姆斯工作挣钱很辛苦。ask for 意为“要求”，look for 意为“寻找”，apply for 意为“申请；请求”，均不符合语境。故选A项。
15.( )A.deserved B.achieved C.benefited D.learnt
B
解析 根据空后的what he thought was impossible可知，詹姆斯完成了自己曾经认为不可能的事。achieve意为“完成”，符合语境。deserve意为“应得”，benefit 意为“有益于”，learn 意为“学习”，均不符合语境。故选B项。
04
单元限时小卷
建议用时:58 分钟
[江苏常州2023高二期中] &73& 体裁：说明文 &74& 题材：文字交流 &75& 词数：389 &76& 难度：&77& &78& 建议用时：8分钟
You are out with a few friends after a long day at the office.You are so relieved to be able to speak freely at last, with as much slang （俚语） as you like.Then another friend joins your group, contributing humourless and grammatically perfect sentences to the conversation.Are you at ease
If you can imagine yourself in this situation, you can understand how a lot of young people feel when they receive a text with a big period （句号）.
For the younger generation, using proper punctuation （标点符号） in an informal context like texting can give an impression of formality that borders on rudeness.The message-ending period establishes a certain distance.The punctuation is polite when you are speaking to someone older than you or above you at work, but unpleasant among friends.To put it simply, including formality in informal communication makes people uncomfortable.
Think of a mother using her son's full name when issuing a serious ultimatum （最后通牒）.Or think of an upset lover speaking to a partner in a cool, professional tone.People gain and express interpersonal comfort through unpolished self-presentation, and acting （or writing） too formally comes off as cold or distant.
It is also worth noting that more of our informal communication is digital now than ever before, so texting etiquette （礼仪） carries at least as much weight as the speaking tone.It is generally accepted that many texters, especially young people, see end-of-message periods as unnecessary.It is clear that a message has ended regardless of its punctuation, because each message is in its own bubble.Thus, the message break has become the default （默认） full stop.
This pressure to get one's thoughts across increases when they are aware that the people that they are texting know they are typing—as with speech, both parties in the conversation are responsible for maintaining it.To avoid keeping their friends waiting anxiously, therefore, texters send out single, often unpunctuated phrases rather than full sentences.
Adapting to this new custom may be difficult for older texters.However, this is not the first time that writers have repurposed standard punctuation.The new customs surrounding the period are just one episode in a centuries-long history of grammatical exploration.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了标点符号的变化趋势——年轻一代倾向于发短信时不再使用句号。
1.What does the author want to show by the two examples in Paragraph 4 ( )
B
A.Using punctuation is practically rude. B.Formality can create a certain distance.
C.The period is proper for elders and lovers to use. D.Informal communication causes discomfort.
解析 推理判断题。根据第四段中的People gain and express interpersonal comfort through unpolished self-presentation, and acting （or writing） too formally comes off as cold or distant.可知，举第四段中的两个例子是为了说明在日常交流中太正式会造成一定的距离感。故选B项。
2.Why has the end-of-message period become unnecessary to young people ( )
C
A.More informal communication is digital now than before.
B.The message in its own bubble carries more significance.
C.The message bubble can mean the end of a message.
D.They want to escape the pressure of communicating their ideas.
解析 细节理解题。根据第五段中的It is clear that a message has ended regardless of its punctuation, because each message is in its own bubble.Thus, the message break has become the default full stop.可知，对年轻人来说，表示信息终止的句号变得没有必要，因为在数字化交流中，每条信息都带有自己的话框。故选C项。
3.What's the author's attitude to the trend in changing punctuation standards ( )
D
A.Doubtful. B.Critical. C.Opposed. D.Acceptable.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的However, this is not the first time that writers have repurposed standard punctuation.The new customs surrounding the period are just one episode in a centuries-long history of grammatical exploration.可知，标点符号的演变从未停止，由此可推测，作者对标点符号使用标准的变化是可以接受的。故选D项。
【知识拓展】常见的表达观点态度的形容词
objective （客观的）, favourable/supportive （支持的）, opposed （反对的）, cautious （谨慎的）, positive （积极的）, negative （消极的）, doubtful/suspicious （怀疑的）, conservative （保守的）, ambiguous （含糊不清的）, neutral （中立的）, indifferent （漠不关心的）。
4.What can be the best title for the passage ( )
A
A.No More Periods When Texting B.Periods or Not, That's a Choice
C.Standard Punctuation When Texting D.The Importance of Texting Etiquette
解析 主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要介绍了人们发信息时不再使用句号这一趋势，结合选项可知，A项 （发短信时不再有句号）适合作为本文的标题。故选A项。
[广东肇庆四会中学、广信中学2023高二联考] &79& 体裁：说明文 &80& 题材：智能家居 &81& 词数：209 &82& 难度：&83& &84& 建议用时：8分钟
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