名词
1. 考纲 : (1) 可数名词及其单复数; (2) 不可数名词; (3) 专有名词 (4) 名词所有格
名词的种类
专有名词 普通名词
国名、地名、人名、 团体、机构名称 可数名词 不可数名词
个体名词、集体名词 抽象名词、物质名词
圈出下列单词中的不可数名词
peach water zoo sister coffee knife snow ice tea fridge jeep rain wind car teacher music ear watermelon cherry
考点1:可数名词
一、 名词单复数规则变化
规 律 例 词
① 一般在词尾直接加s book—books chair—chairs
② 以s, x, sh, ch结尾的单词通常在词尾加es class—classes box—boxes brush—brushes watch—watches
③ 以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y改i,再加es 但以元音+y结尾的词,则直接在词尾加s family—families factory—factories key—keys monkey—monkeys
④ 以o结尾的词,有生命的名词加es 但无生命名词则直接加s,如: potato—potatoes tomato—tomatoes hero—heroes radio—radios zoo—zoos
⑤ 以f或fe结尾的词,改f或fe为v 加es leaf—leaves thief—thieves
三、 名词复数的不规则变化
规律 例词
① 变中间的元音字母 man—men, woman—women,foot—feet, tooth—teeth, child—children, mouse—mice
②表示“某国人”的名词单复变化 ( 记忆口决:中日不变英法变,其余s 加后面。) Chinese—Chinese Japanese—Japanese Frenchman—Frenchmen Englishman—Englishmen German—Germans American—Americans Indian—Indians Australian—Australians
③单复数一样的名词 Chinese and Japanese sheep , deer and fish 如:a Chinese -- two Chinese , a sheep -- many sheep
④ 有的名词只有复数形式 people, police, clothes, trousers , pants , jeans , scissors, shorts
⑤ 有的名词即可表整体,也可表成员 family, class, team, group
⑥ 由两个名词组成的名词词组,通常只变后面一个名词为复数; 注意:但如果前面名词是man或woman时,则两个名词都要变成复数 an apple tree—two apple trees a girl student—many girl students a man teacher—some men teachers a woman doctor—ten women teachers
写出下列名词的复数形式
1.watch__________ 2.class__________ 3.shelf__________
4.sheep__________ 5.box__________ 6.child__________
7.nurse__________ 8.tooth_________ 9.photo__________
10.baby________ mouse__________
考点3:名词所有格
在英语中,有生命的名词及表示时间、距离、国家、城市的名词,常在词尾加’s 表示所属关系,叫做名词的所有格。翻译成:“的”。如:Tom’s bike (汤姆的单车)
名词的所有格 例词、例句
① 直接在词尾加's. Kate's bag, Children's Day, Women's Day
② 以s结尾的名词所有格,在词尾加 ' Teachers' Day, students' books
③ 表示两人共同拥有的人或物,在后一个人名后加's Lucy and Lily's mother (共同的妈妈)
④ 表示两人分别拥有的人或物,则两个人名后都要加's Tom's and Jim's rooms (各自的房间)
⑤ 表某人的家、店铺、住宅、公共建筑等地名时,所有格后面的名词常常省略: at the doctor's(在医务室); at Tom’s (在汤姆的家)
⑥ 表示无生命名词的所有格,用of 表达 the door of the room, the color of the clothes
⑦ 双重所有格:用’s所有格/ 与 of 所有格相结合。 A friend of my father's a book of mine
注意:
但是有些表示时间、距离、重量、价值、国家和城市等无生命的名词,也可加's构成所有格: 如: today's newspaper今天的报纸 eight days' holiday = an 8-day holiday八天的假期 five minutes' walk = a five-minute walk 五分钟的步行路程
练习题:
一.填入所给名词的适当形式
1.He has some__________(ink).
2.How many________(people)are there in your family Three.
3.They are Tom’s __________(pencil).
4.There is a little __________ in the bottle(juice).
5.Are you a _________(drive) Yes, I am.
二.选择题
( )1.There is __________on the table.
A.Plate B.a plate C.plates
( )2.There_____are dancing at the party.
A.woman B.women C.man
( )3.The_____on the hills are all white.
A.sheep B.sheeps C.dog
( )4._____jacket is it May be it’s_____.
A.Who’s;Toms B.What;Tom’s C.Whose;Tom’s
( )5.The clock has three______
A.legs B.leg C.face
( )6.They are not in the same_______.
A.class B.classes C.familys
( )7.Is this your_____
A.a key B.keys C.key
( )8.There are a lot of children in the park on_____Day.
A.children B.Children’s C.Childrens’
( )9.There are so many _____in the hall.
A.peoples B.people C.a people
( )10._____ coats are very pretty.
A.Jim and Tim’s B.Jim’s and Tim’s C.Jim and Tim